Our Top 10 Stories of 2015Our Top 10 Stories of 2015
[caption id="attachment_417388" align="alignleft" width="800"] A storm approaching Chino Hills, California.[/caption]
A stinking corpse flower, ice volcanoes and flesh-eating beetles are a few of the natural phenomena we profiled this year. But El Niño, by far, topped our list of most popular coverage.
From KQED Science's 200+ stories in 2015, we selected the 10 most viewed. Bookmark this page so you can return to them!
Why Isn't Desalination the Answer to All California's Water Problems?
El Nino Forecast for California: Batten Down the Hatches
Where, When and How to See the Supermoon Lunar Eclipse in the San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco's Newest Fast Food: Healthy, Cheap and Served by Robots
Possible Spoiler for El Niño: A 'Battle of the Blobs'
Berkeley 'Corpse Flower' Blooming Soon in All Its Disgusting Glory
Bay Area Doctors Quit Medicine to Work for Digital Health Startups
El Niño Update: California's 'Great Wet Hope' Continues to Build
A New Smartwatch That Detects Seizures and Emotional Stress
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"title": "Why Isn't Desalination the Answer to All California's Water Problems?",
"headTitle": "Why Isn’t Desalination the Answer to All California’s Water Problems? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_421307\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-421307\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-421307\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2.jpg\" alt=\"The massive new Carlsbad desalination plant is the biggest in the country, capable of supplying water to around 7 percent of the population of San Diego County.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive new Carlsbad desalination plant is the biggest in the country, capable of supplying water to around 7 percent of the population of San Diego County. \u003ccite>(Adam Keigwin/Poseidon Water)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desalination just took a huge leap forward in California. The biggest plant in North America, able to purify tens of millions of gallons each day, is now pumping water near San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $1 billion Carlsbad facility is a “test case” to backers like Cal Desal executive director Ron Davis, who quipped last year, “Only the entire future of desal is riding on this project. No pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”PsIq1FEW9Pa1Xfg5p2BjmbrK5unfibeO”]Now the plant’s completion is a feather in the cap for the builder, Poseidon Water, which hopes to follow suit with a similar desalination project in Huntington Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First though, Poseidon engineers must resolve the question of how the Huntington Beach plant would draw in water. State regulators prefer an intake below the seafloor, to make sure it doesn’t suck in fish and their tiny eggs – but a feasibility study this summer said building that type of intake would cost too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further north, a smaller plant is expected to provide water for several towns around the Monterey Peninsula. But it won’t come online for four years, long after a deadline for the local water company, California American, to stop sucking water from the Carmel River. Cal Am and local officials recently asked the state water board to delay that cutoff order – currently set for the end of 2016 – until the plant can be finished around 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, a test well for the plant’s subsurface intake, on a beach near the town of Marina, is pulling up a couple thousand gallons of saltwater per minute. Carmel Mayor Jason Burnett says that bolsters hopes that, pending the proper approvals, drilling of more slant wells could get underway in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Story:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere near enough water has fallen on California in years, and there’s nothing you can do to make it rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where else can we get water? One idea gaining traction is desalination: converting seawater into drinking water. While desal has long been confined by steep costs and environmental concerns, even some critics now say it merits a place in the state’s water portfolio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of Los Angeles, in the city of Carlsbad, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25859513/nations-largest-ocean-desalination-plant-goes-up-near\">what will be\u003c/a> the nation’s largest desalination facility is \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/oct/07/tapping-ocean-san-diegos-billion-dollar-desalinati/\">nearly ready\u003c/a>. For roughly a billion dollars, the plant will produce 7 percent of San Diego County’s water. \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-santa-barbara-desal-20150303-story.html\">In Santa Barbara\u003c/a>, a plant built amid the drought of the early 1990’s, and idled by the return of rain, could come back online soon and provide 30 percent of the community’s water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther north, another desalination plant is expected to serve several towns in Monterey County. Jason Burnett, the mayor of Carmel, sometimes acts as a kind of spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.watersupplyproject.org/\">planned project\u003c/a> — but he’s hardly an evangelist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll say at the outset, I am not a fan of desal generally,” says Burnett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2015/12/ScienceDesalinationPotter150330.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from concerns about the expense, Burnett has a personal stake in desalination’s environmental challenges. He’s the son of two marine biologists, and his grandfather David Packard’s Silicon Valley fortune was integral to founding the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Burnett himself worked on climate rules for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/us/22enviro.html?_r=0\">before becoming\u003c/a> Carmel’s mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 373px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/JB1-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-28687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/JB1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Carmel Mayor Jason Burnett stands on the beach where the Carmel River flows out to the Pacific. Burnett says he's not a fan of desalination, but the Monterey Peninsula is out of alternatives. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"373\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carmel Mayor Jason Burnett gestures toward the Carmel River, near its mouth at the Pacific. Burnett says he’s not a fan of desalination, but the Monterey Peninsula is out of alternatives. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’ve dedicated my professional life to working on climate change,” Burnett says. “My family is very dedicated to the health of our oceans. So here I am advocating a project that has a large carbon footprint, and, if not done correctly, can hurt the oceans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burnett met me on a beach where the Carmel River flows out to the Pacific Ocean. Nearby, ladies in straw hats were hauling easels and paints out to the sand to capture the picturesque landscape. Wearing designer sunglasses and a crisp blue shirt, Burnett told me desalination was the community’s last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve explored a wide range of options,” he says. “Everything was on the table — harnessing icebergs and bringing them down, filling up huge balloons of water from up north and bringing them down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It came to desal because the area’s for-profit water supplier, California American Water Company, was told it had to find a new source. For decades Cal Am had relied on the Carmel River, but then came a cease-and-desist order intended to protect the river’s threatened steelhead trout. There were years of wrangling and competing designs. A deadline was set for the end of next year –- a deadline Cal Am’s proposed desal plant will not hit. All the same, a plan is moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, at its core,” says Burnett, “an environmental project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Intakes and Outfalls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three main environmental considerations when building a desalination plant: how seawater is brought in, how the drinkable water is separated out, and what happens to the salt afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[edge_animation id=”19″ left=”auto”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The simplest intake is essentially a straw in the ocean -– a design that risks trapping and killing sea life. One solution is to affix a grate to the end of such a pipe, but even then, tiny larvae and fish eggs can still be sucked in. Instead, regulators tend to prefer what’s known as a “subsurface intake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a cement company’s beachside site on Monterey Bay, California American is currently working on a proof-of-concept for this approach. They’re using directional drilling, similar to the technology oil companies use to extract fossil fuels. The idea is to run a slant well hundreds of feet out, passing beneath the dunes to a spot under the waves. From below 200 feet of sand, and well insulated from any vulnerable sea life, Cal Am hopes to suck up a couple thousand gallons of water per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28727\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/test-well1-7x-577x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-28727\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/test-well1-7x-577x1024.jpg\" alt=\"California American is using directional drilling extend a pipe some 735 feet under the beach, in hopes of sucking in a couple thousand gallons of seawater per minute from below the ocean floor. (Luke Gianni/California American Water Co.)\" width=\"277\" height=\"493\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California American is using directional drilling extend a pipe some 735 feet under the beach, in hopes of sucking in a couple thousand gallons of seawater per minute from below the ocean floor. (Luke Gianni/California American Water Co.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It will take a huge amount of power to pump that much water, that far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our energy bill is going up, no question,” an engineer on the project told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second concern with desalination: once the seawater gets to the plant, it has to be pushed through membranes fine enough that salt can’t pass through them. That requires immense pressure – on the order of a pressure-washer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An official at a smaller desal facility told me it took $25,000 of electricity per month to produce enough water for 1,200 homes. In Cal Am’s case, they’re hoping to reach a deal to power the plant using methane from a nearby landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One other still-tentative design element addresses the third challenge of the desalination process: all that salt has to go somewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about half of the saltwater piped into a desal plant is made drinkable. All the salt that’s separated out ends up concentrated into the other half, in a kind of brine that’s much denser than seawater. As a result, it doesn’t easily mix back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it’s just dumped carelessly back into the ocean, it sinks, and can kill any marine life having the misfortune of dwelling on the seafloor below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blending the briny byproduct back into the ocean may involve sprayers, or in Cal Am’s case, an existing outfall that the nearby Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency uses to dispose of wastewater. It’s a pipe that runs thousands of feet out to sea, with small holes spaced ten feet apart, so not too much brine would pour out in any one place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The desal facility isn’t expected to start delivering water to customers for several years, and in the meantime, it has to navigate a regulatory thicket of needed approvals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Optional or Inevitable?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, desalination projects were considered in places like Marin County and Santa Cruz, only to end up sidelined amid skepticism. Between the environmental headaches and the cost of engineering work-arounds, critics argued the technology is often more trouble than it’s worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the extent that conservation’s an option, it’s much simpler and cheaper to do. Mayor Burnett says the towns along the Monterey Peninsula have just about wrung out that sponge for all it’s worth: people there get by on 60 gallons per day — \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/01/23/how-much-water-do-californians-use-each-day-and-what-does-a-20-reduction-look-like/\">less than half\u003c/a> what many Californians use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Jordan with the California Coastal Protection Network is a longtime critic of desal. She says, indeed, communities should first exhaust their other options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to do something like desal,” Jordan says, “you want to make sure you’re doing everything you can in terms of conservation, water recycling, water re-use, and you don’t want unsustainable development that just perpetuates your problem, or the state’s problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Desal-map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-28675 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Desal-map-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"640\" height=\"319\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That question of what constitutes sustainable development underpins the debate around desal. The counter-argument I heard from Scott Maloni, vice president at Poseidon Water, is: what if there are no alternatives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The larger concern is climate change, and what happens ten years from now and twenty years from now,” says Maloni, whose company is building the big plant outside San Diego and hopes to add another like it in Huntington Beach. “Can you really count on the Colorado River or Northern California to continue to supply the vast majority of the state’s population with water?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked several people what percentage of California’s overall water portfolio desalination might someday make up, and only Maloni was willing to venture a guess. He says such plants are most efficient when they’re built big, thereby reaping economies of scale. Between that and the stringent permitting process, he says, you could probably count the number of viable sites on two hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so I think you could be looking at somewhere between 10 to 20 percent of the state’s municipal and industrial demand,” Maloni says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting that would seem to leave out agriculture; Maloni envisions desal serving the state’s coastal urban populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maloni and several others I spoke with also made the point that, while the technical challenges of designing and constructing an environmentally sound desalination plant are serious, the permitting process is lengthy and could well last longer than the drought itself.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_421307\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-421307\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-421307\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2.jpg\" alt=\"The massive new Carlsbad desalination plant is the biggest in the country, capable of supplying water to around 7 percent of the population of San Diego County.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/desal2-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive new Carlsbad desalination plant is the biggest in the country, capable of supplying water to around 7 percent of the population of San Diego County. \u003ccite>(Adam Keigwin/Poseidon Water)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desalination just took a huge leap forward in California. The biggest plant in North America, able to purify tens of millions of gallons each day, is now pumping water near San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $1 billion Carlsbad facility is a “test case” to backers like Cal Desal executive director Ron Davis, who quipped last year, “Only the entire future of desal is riding on this project. No pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Now the plant’s completion is a feather in the cap for the builder, Poseidon Water, which hopes to follow suit with a similar desalination project in Huntington Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First though, Poseidon engineers must resolve the question of how the Huntington Beach plant would draw in water. State regulators prefer an intake below the seafloor, to make sure it doesn’t suck in fish and their tiny eggs – but a feasibility study this summer said building that type of intake would cost too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further north, a smaller plant is expected to provide water for several towns around the Monterey Peninsula. But it won’t come online for four years, long after a deadline for the local water company, California American, to stop sucking water from the Carmel River. Cal Am and local officials recently asked the state water board to delay that cutoff order – currently set for the end of 2016 – until the plant can be finished around 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, a test well for the plant’s subsurface intake, on a beach near the town of Marina, is pulling up a couple thousand gallons of saltwater per minute. Carmel Mayor Jason Burnett says that bolsters hopes that, pending the proper approvals, drilling of more slant wells could get underway in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Story:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere near enough water has fallen on California in years, and there’s nothing you can do to make it rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where else can we get water? One idea gaining traction is desalination: converting seawater into drinking water. While desal has long been confined by steep costs and environmental concerns, even some critics now say it merits a place in the state’s water portfolio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of Los Angeles, in the city of Carlsbad, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25859513/nations-largest-ocean-desalination-plant-goes-up-near\">what will be\u003c/a> the nation’s largest desalination facility is \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/oct/07/tapping-ocean-san-diegos-billion-dollar-desalinati/\">nearly ready\u003c/a>. For roughly a billion dollars, the plant will produce 7 percent of San Diego County’s water. \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-santa-barbara-desal-20150303-story.html\">In Santa Barbara\u003c/a>, a plant built amid the drought of the early 1990’s, and idled by the return of rain, could come back online soon and provide 30 percent of the community’s water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther north, another desalination plant is expected to serve several towns in Monterey County. Jason Burnett, the mayor of Carmel, sometimes acts as a kind of spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.watersupplyproject.org/\">planned project\u003c/a> — but he’s hardly an evangelist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll say at the outset, I am not a fan of desal generally,” says Burnett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Apart from concerns about the expense, Burnett has a personal stake in desalination’s environmental challenges. He’s the son of two marine biologists, and his grandfather David Packard’s Silicon Valley fortune was integral to founding the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Burnett himself worked on climate rules for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/us/22enviro.html?_r=0\">before becoming\u003c/a> Carmel’s mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 373px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/JB1-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-28687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/JB1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Carmel Mayor Jason Burnett stands on the beach where the Carmel River flows out to the Pacific. Burnett says he's not a fan of desalination, but the Monterey Peninsula is out of alternatives. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"373\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carmel Mayor Jason Burnett gestures toward the Carmel River, near its mouth at the Pacific. Burnett says he’s not a fan of desalination, but the Monterey Peninsula is out of alternatives. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’ve dedicated my professional life to working on climate change,” Burnett says. “My family is very dedicated to the health of our oceans. So here I am advocating a project that has a large carbon footprint, and, if not done correctly, can hurt the oceans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burnett met me on a beach where the Carmel River flows out to the Pacific Ocean. Nearby, ladies in straw hats were hauling easels and paints out to the sand to capture the picturesque landscape. Wearing designer sunglasses and a crisp blue shirt, Burnett told me desalination was the community’s last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve explored a wide range of options,” he says. “Everything was on the table — harnessing icebergs and bringing them down, filling up huge balloons of water from up north and bringing them down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It came to desal because the area’s for-profit water supplier, California American Water Company, was told it had to find a new source. For decades Cal Am had relied on the Carmel River, but then came a cease-and-desist order intended to protect the river’s threatened steelhead trout. There were years of wrangling and competing designs. A deadline was set for the end of next year –- a deadline Cal Am’s proposed desal plant will not hit. All the same, a plan is moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, at its core,” says Burnett, “an environmental project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Intakes and Outfalls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three main environmental considerations when building a desalination plant: how seawater is brought in, how the drinkable water is separated out, and what happens to the salt afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[edge_animation id=”19″ left=”auto”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The simplest intake is essentially a straw in the ocean -– a design that risks trapping and killing sea life. One solution is to affix a grate to the end of such a pipe, but even then, tiny larvae and fish eggs can still be sucked in. Instead, regulators tend to prefer what’s known as a “subsurface intake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a cement company’s beachside site on Monterey Bay, California American is currently working on a proof-of-concept for this approach. They’re using directional drilling, similar to the technology oil companies use to extract fossil fuels. The idea is to run a slant well hundreds of feet out, passing beneath the dunes to a spot under the waves. From below 200 feet of sand, and well insulated from any vulnerable sea life, Cal Am hopes to suck up a couple thousand gallons of water per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28727\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/test-well1-7x-577x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-28727\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/test-well1-7x-577x1024.jpg\" alt=\"California American is using directional drilling extend a pipe some 735 feet under the beach, in hopes of sucking in a couple thousand gallons of seawater per minute from below the ocean floor. (Luke Gianni/California American Water Co.)\" width=\"277\" height=\"493\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California American is using directional drilling extend a pipe some 735 feet under the beach, in hopes of sucking in a couple thousand gallons of seawater per minute from below the ocean floor. (Luke Gianni/California American Water Co.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It will take a huge amount of power to pump that much water, that far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our energy bill is going up, no question,” an engineer on the project told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second concern with desalination: once the seawater gets to the plant, it has to be pushed through membranes fine enough that salt can’t pass through them. That requires immense pressure – on the order of a pressure-washer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An official at a smaller desal facility told me it took $25,000 of electricity per month to produce enough water for 1,200 homes. In Cal Am’s case, they’re hoping to reach a deal to power the plant using methane from a nearby landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One other still-tentative design element addresses the third challenge of the desalination process: all that salt has to go somewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about half of the saltwater piped into a desal plant is made drinkable. All the salt that’s separated out ends up concentrated into the other half, in a kind of brine that’s much denser than seawater. As a result, it doesn’t easily mix back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it’s just dumped carelessly back into the ocean, it sinks, and can kill any marine life having the misfortune of dwelling on the seafloor below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blending the briny byproduct back into the ocean may involve sprayers, or in Cal Am’s case, an existing outfall that the nearby Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency uses to dispose of wastewater. It’s a pipe that runs thousands of feet out to sea, with small holes spaced ten feet apart, so not too much brine would pour out in any one place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The desal facility isn’t expected to start delivering water to customers for several years, and in the meantime, it has to navigate a regulatory thicket of needed approvals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Optional or Inevitable?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, desalination projects were considered in places like Marin County and Santa Cruz, only to end up sidelined amid skepticism. Between the environmental headaches and the cost of engineering work-arounds, critics argued the technology is often more trouble than it’s worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the extent that conservation’s an option, it’s much simpler and cheaper to do. Mayor Burnett says the towns along the Monterey Peninsula have just about wrung out that sponge for all it’s worth: people there get by on 60 gallons per day — \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/01/23/how-much-water-do-californians-use-each-day-and-what-does-a-20-reduction-look-like/\">less than half\u003c/a> what many Californians use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Jordan with the California Coastal Protection Network is a longtime critic of desal. She says, indeed, communities should first exhaust their other options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to do something like desal,” Jordan says, “you want to make sure you’re doing everything you can in terms of conservation, water recycling, water re-use, and you don’t want unsustainable development that just perpetuates your problem, or the state’s problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Desal-map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-28675 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Desal-map-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"640\" height=\"319\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That question of what constitutes sustainable development underpins the debate around desal. The counter-argument I heard from Scott Maloni, vice president at Poseidon Water, is: what if there are no alternatives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The larger concern is climate change, and what happens ten years from now and twenty years from now,” says Maloni, whose company is building the big plant outside San Diego and hopes to add another like it in Huntington Beach. “Can you really count on the Colorado River or Northern California to continue to supply the vast majority of the state’s population with water?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked several people what percentage of California’s overall water portfolio desalination might someday make up, and only Maloni was willing to venture a guess. He says such plants are most efficient when they’re built big, thereby reaping economies of scale. Between that and the stringent permitting process, he says, you could probably count the number of viable sites on two hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so I think you could be looking at somewhere between 10 to 20 percent of the state’s municipal and industrial demand,” Maloni says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting that would seem to leave out agriculture; Maloni envisions desal serving the state’s coastal urban populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maloni and several others I spoke with also made the point that, while the technical challenges of designing and constructing an environmentally sound desalination plant are serious, the permitting process is lengthy and could well last longer than the drought itself.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "El Nino Forecast for California: Batten Down the Hatches",
"headTitle": "El Nino Forecast for California: Batten Down the Hatches | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Should we be worried that California has yet to experience an epic deluge so far this fall? What happened to the ostensible “parade of storms” that is so often talked about in the context of major El Niño events?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four consecutive years characterized by a remarkable lack of storms in California at any time of year, it’s easy to forget that autumn is always capricious in California. Transitional seasons tend to be highly volatile throughout the Earth’s middle latitudes as polar and tropical air masses interact often. But California is unique in the sense that it lies near the southern margin of the Pacific jet stream, and is therefore quite susceptible to relatively subtle shifts in the storm track. California can experience major storminess during September-November with temporary shifts in the jet, but in general sustained wet periods are the exception rather than the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño: The Rain Connection\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the eastward-flowing jet stream is fundamentally driven by the large temperature differences that exist between the warm equatorial region and cold polar region, its location, strength, and trajectory depend on the orientation and magnitude of temperature variations across the Earth’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-800x393.jpg\" alt=\"Tropical Pacific warming during El Niño increases the north-south temperature differential, strengthening/shifting the jet stream southward and bringing increased California winter precipitation. \" width=\"800\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-800x393.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-400x196.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1440x707.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1920x943.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1180x579.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-960x471.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tropical Pacific warming during El Niño increases the north-south temperature differential, strengthening/shifting the jet stream southward and bringing increased California winter precipitation. \u003ccite>(Emily Underwood)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the approach of winter, temperatures begin to cool and the region of maximum north-south temperature differential over the Pacific Ocean starts to shift southward. The net result: the jet stream’s typical latitude from December through March tends to be farther south — and closer to California — than during the autumn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary means by which El Niño affects California precipitation is by enhancing the low-latitude (subtropical) branch of the jet stream. The subtropical jet stream isn’t always a totally distinct feature in the weather charts; it tends to be weaker and more discontinuous than its more robust northern cousin (the subpolar jet). But during major El Niño years, the subtropical jet over the northern Pacific Ocean tends to be stronger, better defined, and further to the south than it usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño Now Appears Strongest in the Modern Record\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week ocean surface temperatures in the closely-watched Niño 3.4 region reached 3 degrees (Celsius) above average for the first time in recorded history. This weekly value exceeds the maximum weekly value recorded even during the so-called “super El Niño” events of 1982-1983 and 1997-1998.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While El Niño impacts do not correlate directly with the magnitude of SST anomalies in any particular section of ocean (and we’re still a ways off from an all-time record 3-monthly peak), this is still a major geophysical milestone — and one that has significant implications for the coming winter in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/anim2.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368394\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/anim2.gif\" alt=\"Animation of seasonal precipitation forecast by CFS. All of California is likely to be very wet during December-March. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"719\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation of seasonal precipitation forecast by CFS. All of California is likely to be very wet during December-March. \u003ccite>(NCEP via \u003ca href=\"http://www.tropicaltidbits.com/\">Tropical Tidbits\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outlook for California Winter 2015-2016\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, with that in mind, how does the upcoming winter look?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a word: wet. The latest dynamical model forecasts are calling for well above average precipitation throughout California during the January-March period, and the recent forecasts from the more frequently updated CFS model have shifted toward a wet December as well. These same models are suggesting a large-scale atmospheric pressure pattern that is strikingly similar to that which occurred during California’s wettest historical winters (including the 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 El Niño events).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy seasonal precipitation totals don’t always mean major flooding if there are substantial breaks between incoming storms. In fact, some of California’s most widespread and most damaging individual flood events did not occur during El Niño years. But in general, high seasonal totals mean that heavy storms are more likely to coincide with already wet/saturated soil conditions, and El Niño-induced increases in storm frequency make it more likely for several intense events to occur in rapid succession. Thus, flood (and mudslide) risk will likely be much greater this winter, and certainly will be higher than has been seen in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, though, another major shift is afoot in the Pacific. The eastern tropical part of the ocean basin is extremely warm due to El Niño, but oceanic warmth farther to the north has been even more pronounced in recent months. The unusually super-warm North Pacific has the potential to add extra moisture to the atmosphere this winter. While this more generalized warming is unlikely to affect the frequency of storms, it may well act to add “extra juice” to incoming systems this winter. When we consider this effect in combination with the likely increase in storm frequency due to El Niño, it’s clear the potential exists for a very active winter overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1174px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig3.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368393\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig3.gif\" alt=\"One heckuva lot of warm water. \" width=\"1174\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One heckuva lot of warm water. \u003ccite>(NOAA Coral Reef Watch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Add a Warming Climate to the Mix\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, it’s important to point out that the planet has experienced nearly 20 years’ worth of global warming since the last big El Niño event in 1997-1998, and nearly 35 years’ worth of warming since the 1982-1983 event before it. In general, this means that there’s more moisture over the world’s major ocean basins than there used to be — which can increase the potential intensity of precipitation when it does occur. But other more complex changes have occurred in the coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere system over the past four decades that are harder to quantify, and may have less obvious (and less predictable) impacts on overall Pacific climate. These influences could muddle the overall impact of El Niño in California in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these added uncertainties, however, it appears quite likely that the present El Niño will exert a powerful (and likely dominant) influence upon California weather this coming winter. Yet—as California’s state government and water agencies have gone to great lengths to emphasize—even a very wet winter in California is unlikely to completely erase the profound effects of California’s multi-year drought. In many ways, the present situation resembles a conundrum that the Golden State is likely to face more often in the future: how to manage a greatly increased risk of extreme precipitation and flooding despite the presence of long-term water deficits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is a climate scientist at Stanford University. A longer version of this post appears on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\">California Weather Blog\u003c/a>, where you’ll find all of his previous posts. Artist and naturalist \u003ca href=\"http://underwoodillustration.com/home.html\">Emily Underwood\u003c/a> distilled several complex geophysical concepts into the scientific illustration for this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One of the strongest El Niño events on record will very likely bring a wetter-than-usual winter to California, along with substantial risks of heavy precipitation and flooding.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Should we be worried that California has yet to experience an epic deluge so far this fall? What happened to the ostensible “parade of storms” that is so often talked about in the context of major El Niño events?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four consecutive years characterized by a remarkable lack of storms in California at any time of year, it’s easy to forget that autumn is always capricious in California. Transitional seasons tend to be highly volatile throughout the Earth’s middle latitudes as polar and tropical air masses interact often. But California is unique in the sense that it lies near the southern margin of the Pacific jet stream, and is therefore quite susceptible to relatively subtle shifts in the storm track. California can experience major storminess during September-November with temporary shifts in the jet, but in general sustained wet periods are the exception rather than the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño: The Rain Connection\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the eastward-flowing jet stream is fundamentally driven by the large temperature differences that exist between the warm equatorial region and cold polar region, its location, strength, and trajectory depend on the orientation and magnitude of temperature variations across the Earth’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-800x393.jpg\" alt=\"Tropical Pacific warming during El Niño increases the north-south temperature differential, strengthening/shifting the jet stream southward and bringing increased California winter precipitation. \" width=\"800\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-800x393.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-400x196.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1440x707.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1920x943.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1180x579.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-960x471.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tropical Pacific warming during El Niño increases the north-south temperature differential, strengthening/shifting the jet stream southward and bringing increased California winter precipitation. \u003ccite>(Emily Underwood)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the approach of winter, temperatures begin to cool and the region of maximum north-south temperature differential over the Pacific Ocean starts to shift southward. The net result: the jet stream’s typical latitude from December through March tends to be farther south — and closer to California — than during the autumn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary means by which El Niño affects California precipitation is by enhancing the low-latitude (subtropical) branch of the jet stream. The subtropical jet stream isn’t always a totally distinct feature in the weather charts; it tends to be weaker and more discontinuous than its more robust northern cousin (the subpolar jet). But during major El Niño years, the subtropical jet over the northern Pacific Ocean tends to be stronger, better defined, and further to the south than it usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño Now Appears Strongest in the Modern Record\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week ocean surface temperatures in the closely-watched Niño 3.4 region reached 3 degrees (Celsius) above average for the first time in recorded history. This weekly value exceeds the maximum weekly value recorded even during the so-called “super El Niño” events of 1982-1983 and 1997-1998.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While El Niño impacts do not correlate directly with the magnitude of SST anomalies in any particular section of ocean (and we’re still a ways off from an all-time record 3-monthly peak), this is still a major geophysical milestone — and one that has significant implications for the coming winter in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/anim2.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368394\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/anim2.gif\" alt=\"Animation of seasonal precipitation forecast by CFS. All of California is likely to be very wet during December-March. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"719\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation of seasonal precipitation forecast by CFS. All of California is likely to be very wet during December-March. \u003ccite>(NCEP via \u003ca href=\"http://www.tropicaltidbits.com/\">Tropical Tidbits\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outlook for California Winter 2015-2016\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, with that in mind, how does the upcoming winter look?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a word: wet. The latest dynamical model forecasts are calling for well above average precipitation throughout California during the January-March period, and the recent forecasts from the more frequently updated CFS model have shifted toward a wet December as well. These same models are suggesting a large-scale atmospheric pressure pattern that is strikingly similar to that which occurred during California’s wettest historical winters (including the 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 El Niño events).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy seasonal precipitation totals don’t always mean major flooding if there are substantial breaks between incoming storms. In fact, some of California’s most widespread and most damaging individual flood events did not occur during El Niño years. But in general, high seasonal totals mean that heavy storms are more likely to coincide with already wet/saturated soil conditions, and El Niño-induced increases in storm frequency make it more likely for several intense events to occur in rapid succession. Thus, flood (and mudslide) risk will likely be much greater this winter, and certainly will be higher than has been seen in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, though, another major shift is afoot in the Pacific. The eastern tropical part of the ocean basin is extremely warm due to El Niño, but oceanic warmth farther to the north has been even more pronounced in recent months. The unusually super-warm North Pacific has the potential to add extra moisture to the atmosphere this winter. While this more generalized warming is unlikely to affect the frequency of storms, it may well act to add “extra juice” to incoming systems this winter. When we consider this effect in combination with the likely increase in storm frequency due to El Niño, it’s clear the potential exists for a very active winter overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1174px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig3.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368393\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig3.gif\" alt=\"One heckuva lot of warm water. \" width=\"1174\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One heckuva lot of warm water. \u003ccite>(NOAA Coral Reef Watch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Add a Warming Climate to the Mix\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, it’s important to point out that the planet has experienced nearly 20 years’ worth of global warming since the last big El Niño event in 1997-1998, and nearly 35 years’ worth of warming since the 1982-1983 event before it. In general, this means that there’s more moisture over the world’s major ocean basins than there used to be — which can increase the potential intensity of precipitation when it does occur. But other more complex changes have occurred in the coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere system over the past four decades that are harder to quantify, and may have less obvious (and less predictable) impacts on overall Pacific climate. These influences could muddle the overall impact of El Niño in California in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these added uncertainties, however, it appears quite likely that the present El Niño will exert a powerful (and likely dominant) influence upon California weather this coming winter. Yet—as California’s state government and water agencies have gone to great lengths to emphasize—even a very wet winter in California is unlikely to completely erase the profound effects of California’s multi-year drought. In many ways, the present situation resembles a conundrum that the Golden State is likely to face more often in the future: how to manage a greatly increased risk of extreme precipitation and flooding despite the presence of long-term water deficits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is a climate scientist at Stanford University. A longer version of this post appears on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\">California Weather Blog\u003c/a>, where you’ll find all of his previous posts. Artist and naturalist \u003ca href=\"http://underwoodillustration.com/home.html\">Emily Underwood\u003c/a> distilled several complex geophysical concepts into the scientific illustration for this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Where, When and How to See the Supermoon Lunar Eclipse in the San Francisco Bay Area",
"headTitle": "Where, When and How to See the Supermoon Lunar Eclipse in the San Francisco Bay Area | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/28/the-best-supermoon-eclipse-videos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>See the best supermoon eclipse videos here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"what\">\u003c/a>You’ve been waiting for this since 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, not the re-release of “Rocky III.” We’re talking about the last time a particular astronomical two-fer occurred: a simultaneous supermoon and lunar eclipse. On Sunday night, that concurrence will take place again, for the last time until 2033.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s happening? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#what\">What’s happening\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#when\">When to see it\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#where\">Where to see it\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#how\">How to see it\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#see\">What you will see\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#local\">Local events\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#online\">Where to watch online\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Both a full moon and lunar eclipse occur when the Earth is between the moon and the sun. In the case of the lunar eclipse, there’s the additional factor that the moon, Earth and sun are precisely lined up, so that the moon passes through the Earth’s shadow. A lunar eclipse always occurs during a full moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunar perigee means the moon’s orbit will take it as close to the Earth during this \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/20053/lunar-month/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lunar month\u003c/a> as it’s going to get (we hope) — a mere 222,000 miles away. When a full moon coincides with lunar perigee, it’s called a supermoon, because the moon should appear slightly larger than average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or maybe not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"when\">\u003c/a>“Supermoon is not an astronomical term, but was invented by the media to make things more exciting sounding,” says Andrew Fraknoi, chair of the astronomy department at Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, and one of our go-to guys on things astronomical. “The average person can’t really tell the difference between a supermoon and an ordinary moon, so it’s not quite as super a phenomenon as the term makes it sound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All right, sir. But throw in that eclipse — now you’re talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When can you see it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"where\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fraknoi recommends that you start watching when the moon rises, around 7 p.m. Pacific Time. The total eclipse starts at 7:11 p.m. and ends at 8:23 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"where\">\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Where is the best location to see it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look to the east! The moon will appear low on the eastern horizon as it rises. Which could be a problem for some would-be observers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of us don’t have a view of the eastern horizon — a building or a hill might be in the way,” Fraknoi notes. But by the time the eclipse ends, he says, the moon will have risen considerably in the sky, and it will be be easier to glimpse. If you want to see the entire eclipse, though, you should get to higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"how\">\u003c/a>Fraknoi also recommends checking the weather in advance, so you can get to a spot without clouds or fog should those be in the forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re in San Francisco, especially, the further east, south or north you go, the more likely you are to hit clear skies, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can you see it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"see\">\u003c/a>Your own peepers will do the trick — you don’t need a telescope or binoculars. Unless you’re a werewolf, there’s no danger in looking at the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What will you see?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Earth’s shadow is cast on the moon, it will slowly darken, until the moon is completely covered: a total eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"local\">\u003c/a>“The full moon doesn’t go completely dark,” says Fraknoi. “It will become a little bit reddish. That’s because the earth has an atmosphere and the atmosphere acts a bit like a lens, and so the red colors, particularly from the sunlight, will be bent inward toward the moon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where can I go to watch this with other people, in case the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/01/living/blood-moon-biblical-prophecy-feat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">world is coming to an end\u003c/a>?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as we know, the world is not coming to an end — at least this Sept. 27. The dinosaurs notwithstanding, an association between astronomical phenomena and ill-fated earthly events has yet to be proven. (Though the simultaneous super moon-lunar eclipse year of 1928 did see the election of Herbert Hoover.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, you can still have some communal fun at the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://14884.blackbaudhosting.com/14884/tickets?tab=2&txobjid=0f14d907-2734-4a8b-a372-f627ce5f3e17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chabot Space & Science Center\u003c/a> – 7 to 9:30 pm; $10. Children two and under free. After 7 p.m. tickets available at the door only.\u003cbr>\n10000 Skyline Blvd, Oakland, CA 94619\u003cbr>\n(510) 336-7300\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Chabot Space & Science Center’s observatory deck will host a view to a rare and beautiful astronomical event, a Total Lunar Eclipse. Enjoy the spectacle in good company as the fully eclipsed Moon rises above the tree line of the East Bay Hills.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.collegeofsanmateo.edu/calendar/events/index.php?com=detail&eID=15595\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">College of San Mateo\u003c/a>, 6:30-9:30 pm, Free\u003cbr>\nCollege Center Terrace and Building 36 Observatory\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In addition to the telescopes in our rooftop observatory, a telescope will be set up on theCollege Center Terrace from 6:30~7:30 pm, and will be staffed by our astronomy faculty, for viewing and photographing the moon as it rises above the horizon. Also, courtesy of the CSM Astronomy Department, astronomy student volunteers will have binoculars available to view the supermoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dress warmly and remember that this event is weather dependent. So, before coming to the campus, check our website for any changes in the venue due to weather conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"online\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaa-astronomy.org/total-lunar-eclipse-viewing-party-on-september-27/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Amateur Astronomers\u003c/a>, 6 to 9 p.m., Free\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pier+15/@37.8015286,-122.397422,17z/data=!3m2!4b1!5s0x8085805ec2002869:0x40df3504d4f6cf20!4m2!3m1!1s0x8085805f2089dcb1:0xa7b58658c772d7c6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pier 15, San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Join the SFAA for a public viewing party on Sunday evening September 27th of the Harvest Moon Lunar Eclipse. We will gather at Pier 15 along the Embarcadero in San Francisco with a spectacular view of the San Francisco Bay and the magical sight of the Harvest Moon rising in the east in total eclipse. Plan to arrive between 6:00 and 7:00 pm. Subject to cancellation if there is cloudy or inclement weather.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What if I can’t get out or just prefer to experience the majesty of this event the way I do everything – on the Web?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fear not. You can watch online:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://live.slooh.com/stadium/live/mega-harvest-moon-eclipse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slooh.com webcast\u003c/a> – begins 5 p.m., Sunday, Sept. 27\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://livestream.com/GriffithObservatoryTV\">Griffith Observatory live stream\u003c/a> – begins 6:30 p.m., Sunday, Sept. 27\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The University of Arizona’s Mt. Lemmon SkyCenter will also be \u003ca href=\"http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/css/eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">posting images\u003c/a> as they come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a nice infographic of Sunday’s event from Space.com:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/11161-supermoon-full-moon-science-infographic.html\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://i.space.com/images/i/000/008/682/i02/supermoon-lunar-perigee-huge-150914b-02.jpg?1442258161\" alt=\"Learn what makes a big full moon a true 'supermoon' in this SPACE.com infographic.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/28/the-best-supermoon-eclipse-videos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>See the best supermoon eclipse videos here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"what\">\u003c/a>You’ve been waiting for this since 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, not the re-release of “Rocky III.” We’re talking about the last time a particular astronomical two-fer occurred: a simultaneous supermoon and lunar eclipse. On Sunday night, that concurrence will take place again, for the last time until 2033.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s happening? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#what\">What’s happening\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#when\">When to see it\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#where\">Where to see it\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#how\">How to see it\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#see\">What you will see\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#local\">Local events\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#online\">Where to watch online\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Both a full moon and lunar eclipse occur when the Earth is between the moon and the sun. In the case of the lunar eclipse, there’s the additional factor that the moon, Earth and sun are precisely lined up, so that the moon passes through the Earth’s shadow. A lunar eclipse always occurs during a full moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunar perigee means the moon’s orbit will take it as close to the Earth during this \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/20053/lunar-month/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lunar month\u003c/a> as it’s going to get (we hope) — a mere 222,000 miles away. When a full moon coincides with lunar perigee, it’s called a supermoon, because the moon should appear slightly larger than average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or maybe not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"when\">\u003c/a>“Supermoon is not an astronomical term, but was invented by the media to make things more exciting sounding,” says Andrew Fraknoi, chair of the astronomy department at Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, and one of our go-to guys on things astronomical. “The average person can’t really tell the difference between a supermoon and an ordinary moon, so it’s not quite as super a phenomenon as the term makes it sound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All right, sir. But throw in that eclipse — now you’re talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When can you see it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"where\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fraknoi recommends that you start watching when the moon rises, around 7 p.m. Pacific Time. The total eclipse starts at 7:11 p.m. and ends at 8:23 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"where\">\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Where is the best location to see it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look to the east! The moon will appear low on the eastern horizon as it rises. Which could be a problem for some would-be observers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of us don’t have a view of the eastern horizon — a building or a hill might be in the way,” Fraknoi notes. But by the time the eclipse ends, he says, the moon will have risen considerably in the sky, and it will be be easier to glimpse. If you want to see the entire eclipse, though, you should get to higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"how\">\u003c/a>Fraknoi also recommends checking the weather in advance, so you can get to a spot without clouds or fog should those be in the forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re in San Francisco, especially, the further east, south or north you go, the more likely you are to hit clear skies, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can you see it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"see\">\u003c/a>Your own peepers will do the trick — you don’t need a telescope or binoculars. Unless you’re a werewolf, there’s no danger in looking at the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What will you see?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Earth’s shadow is cast on the moon, it will slowly darken, until the moon is completely covered: a total eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"local\">\u003c/a>“The full moon doesn’t go completely dark,” says Fraknoi. “It will become a little bit reddish. That’s because the earth has an atmosphere and the atmosphere acts a bit like a lens, and so the red colors, particularly from the sunlight, will be bent inward toward the moon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where can I go to watch this with other people, in case the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/01/living/blood-moon-biblical-prophecy-feat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">world is coming to an end\u003c/a>?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as we know, the world is not coming to an end — at least this Sept. 27. The dinosaurs notwithstanding, an association between astronomical phenomena and ill-fated earthly events has yet to be proven. (Though the simultaneous super moon-lunar eclipse year of 1928 did see the election of Herbert Hoover.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, you can still have some communal fun at the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://14884.blackbaudhosting.com/14884/tickets?tab=2&txobjid=0f14d907-2734-4a8b-a372-f627ce5f3e17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chabot Space & Science Center\u003c/a> – 7 to 9:30 pm; $10. Children two and under free. After 7 p.m. tickets available at the door only.\u003cbr>\n10000 Skyline Blvd, Oakland, CA 94619\u003cbr>\n(510) 336-7300\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Chabot Space & Science Center’s observatory deck will host a view to a rare and beautiful astronomical event, a Total Lunar Eclipse. Enjoy the spectacle in good company as the fully eclipsed Moon rises above the tree line of the East Bay Hills.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.collegeofsanmateo.edu/calendar/events/index.php?com=detail&eID=15595\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">College of San Mateo\u003c/a>, 6:30-9:30 pm, Free\u003cbr>\nCollege Center Terrace and Building 36 Observatory\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In addition to the telescopes in our rooftop observatory, a telescope will be set up on theCollege Center Terrace from 6:30~7:30 pm, and will be staffed by our astronomy faculty, for viewing and photographing the moon as it rises above the horizon. Also, courtesy of the CSM Astronomy Department, astronomy student volunteers will have binoculars available to view the supermoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dress warmly and remember that this event is weather dependent. So, before coming to the campus, check our website for any changes in the venue due to weather conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"online\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaa-astronomy.org/total-lunar-eclipse-viewing-party-on-september-27/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Amateur Astronomers\u003c/a>, 6 to 9 p.m., Free\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pier+15/@37.8015286,-122.397422,17z/data=!3m2!4b1!5s0x8085805ec2002869:0x40df3504d4f6cf20!4m2!3m1!1s0x8085805f2089dcb1:0xa7b58658c772d7c6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pier 15, San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Join the SFAA for a public viewing party on Sunday evening September 27th of the Harvest Moon Lunar Eclipse. We will gather at Pier 15 along the Embarcadero in San Francisco with a spectacular view of the San Francisco Bay and the magical sight of the Harvest Moon rising in the east in total eclipse. Plan to arrive between 6:00 and 7:00 pm. Subject to cancellation if there is cloudy or inclement weather.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What if I can’t get out or just prefer to experience the majesty of this event the way I do everything – on the Web?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fear not. You can watch online:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://live.slooh.com/stadium/live/mega-harvest-moon-eclipse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slooh.com webcast\u003c/a> – begins 5 p.m., Sunday, Sept. 27\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://livestream.com/GriffithObservatoryTV\">Griffith Observatory live stream\u003c/a> – begins 6:30 p.m., Sunday, Sept. 27\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The University of Arizona’s Mt. Lemmon SkyCenter will also be \u003ca href=\"http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/css/eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">posting images\u003c/a> as they come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a nice infographic of Sunday’s event from Space.com:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/11161-supermoon-full-moon-science-infographic.html\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://i.space.com/images/i/000/008/682/i02/supermoon-lunar-perigee-huge-150914b-02.jpg?1442258161\" alt=\"Learn what makes a big full moon a true 'supermoon' in this SPACE.com infographic.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new fast food chain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatsa.com\">Eatsa \u003c/a>aims to deliver a healthy, tasty meal for under $10. The catch? Meat-lovers will need to forgo burgers and carnitas burritos in favor of quinoa, a protein-filled grain crop that looks a bit like couscous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, I stopped by the downtown San Francisco location (\u003cem>121 Spear Street\u003c/em>) for a tour of the facility before its official opening on August 31st. What immediately stood out to me is the clean look of the place, which resembles an Apple Store in its design, with the row of white tablet devices where diners can place their order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eatsa is the latest restaurant to experiment with virtual alternatives to wait staff. After you place an order at a kiosk, you pick it up a few minutes later behind a glass door or \"cubby.\" The only humans in sight are the concierges, who can answer questions that you may have about the software, and the dozen or so staff in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, restaurants are looking for innovative ways to keep humans out of the picture. But what's unique about Eatsa is the focus on health and taste. It's a fully-automated experience, so Eatsa can afford to offer high-quality food for less. Workers'\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/minimum-wage-offensive-could-speed-arrival-of-robot-powered-restaurants/2015/08/16/35f284ea-3f6f-11e5-8d45-d815146f81fa_story.html\"> salaries account for about 30 percent\u003c/a> of the restaurant industry's costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team spent over two years rigorously testing the texture of the sauces and the grain to optimize the taste. Eatsa will also offer a range of beverages, which are sugar-free or low in sugar. Eatsa plans to open two more locations in the coming months, including a restaurant in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Healthy by Accident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27256\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-27256\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-763x600.jpg\" alt=\"What stood out to me is Eatsa's clean design and its focus on health \" width=\"370\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-763x600.jpg 763w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-400x315.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-1180x928.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-1920x1510.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What stood out to me is Eatsa's clean design and its focus on health \u003ccite>(Christina Farr / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eatsa's team, led by Scott Drummond and Tim Young, are hoping to attract health-conscious types with its hearty salads and quinoa bowls stuffed with green beans, avocado, and root vegetables. The average meal will set you back about 500 calories, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/22/upshot/what-2000-calories-looks-like.html?_r=0\">which is far lower than most fast food alternatives.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also has its eye on busy professionals in the Financial District who don't particularly care about eating healthy, but are looking for a quick and tasty meal that will last them through dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to help people get healthy almost by accident,\" said Dave Friedberg, the chief executive officer of \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.com/\">Climate Corp,\u003c/a> a Monsanto-owned company, who is one of Eatsa's main backers. On the side, Friedberg has invested in a number of Bay Area-based food-technology startups, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.clarafoods.com/\">Clara Foods\u003c/a>, which is developing an egg-free egg white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Friedberg, a meal is slightly cheaper than Chipotle, which may appeal to cash-strapped people who work in the area (in fact, the price of a burrito bowl and quinoa bowl are roughly equitable at just under $7, although the latter contains about half the calories).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Quinoa is definitely one of those foods that has become really popular lately, but this one actually has some real science behind it,\" said Jennifer Gibson, a San Francisco-based nutritionist who works at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vida.com\">Vida\u003c/a>, a health coaching app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-27255\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Investor Dave Friedberg gave me a tour of Eatsa, a healthy fast food restaurant opening at the end of the month \" width=\"390\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investor Dave Friedberg gave me a tour of Eatsa, a healthy fast food restaurant opening at the end of the month \u003ccite>(Christina Farr / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Quinoa is a complete protein, meaning it contains the nine amino acids our body needs. It's also gluten free, and has a low \u003ca href=\"http://www.glycemicindex.com/\">glycemic index\u003c/a> compared to a lot of other grains. \"Let's put it this way,\" said Gibson. \"It's one of the few foods I would bring to the desert island.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all sounds well and good, but I have been feeling guilty \u003cspan class=\"s1\">about eating quinoa since \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">2013. A series of articles claimed that global demand for the superfood had put it out of reach for those living closest to where it's traditionally been grown.\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/07/16/202737139/is-our-love-of-quinoa-hurting-or-helping-farmers-who-grow-it\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">NPR interviewed farmers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> in subsequent months who denied that they could no longer afford the staple crop. They were still eating quinoa, and accessing other healthy foods, including tomatoes and veggies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">In fact, quinoa can grow in diverse conditions and requires very little water to grow, said Friedberg, which makes it a valuable crop to feed a growing population. \"Quinoa is truly a superfood.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new fast food chain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatsa.com\">Eatsa \u003c/a>aims to deliver a healthy, tasty meal for under $10. The catch? Meat-lovers will need to forgo burgers and carnitas burritos in favor of quinoa, a protein-filled grain crop that looks a bit like couscous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, I stopped by the downtown San Francisco location (\u003cem>121 Spear Street\u003c/em>) for a tour of the facility before its official opening on August 31st. What immediately stood out to me is the clean look of the place, which resembles an Apple Store in its design, with the row of white tablet devices where diners can place their order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eatsa is the latest restaurant to experiment with virtual alternatives to wait staff. After you place an order at a kiosk, you pick it up a few minutes later behind a glass door or \"cubby.\" The only humans in sight are the concierges, who can answer questions that you may have about the software, and the dozen or so staff in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, restaurants are looking for innovative ways to keep humans out of the picture. But what's unique about Eatsa is the focus on health and taste. It's a fully-automated experience, so Eatsa can afford to offer high-quality food for less. Workers'\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/minimum-wage-offensive-could-speed-arrival-of-robot-powered-restaurants/2015/08/16/35f284ea-3f6f-11e5-8d45-d815146f81fa_story.html\"> salaries account for about 30 percent\u003c/a> of the restaurant industry's costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team spent over two years rigorously testing the texture of the sauces and the grain to optimize the taste. Eatsa will also offer a range of beverages, which are sugar-free or low in sugar. Eatsa plans to open two more locations in the coming months, including a restaurant in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Healthy by Accident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27256\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-27256\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-763x600.jpg\" alt=\"What stood out to me is Eatsa's clean design and its focus on health \" width=\"370\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-763x600.jpg 763w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-400x315.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-1180x928.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-1920x1510.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What stood out to me is Eatsa's clean design and its focus on health \u003ccite>(Christina Farr / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eatsa's team, led by Scott Drummond and Tim Young, are hoping to attract health-conscious types with its hearty salads and quinoa bowls stuffed with green beans, avocado, and root vegetables. The average meal will set you back about 500 calories, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/22/upshot/what-2000-calories-looks-like.html?_r=0\">which is far lower than most fast food alternatives.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also has its eye on busy professionals in the Financial District who don't particularly care about eating healthy, but are looking for a quick and tasty meal that will last them through dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to help people get healthy almost by accident,\" said Dave Friedberg, the chief executive officer of \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.com/\">Climate Corp,\u003c/a> a Monsanto-owned company, who is one of Eatsa's main backers. On the side, Friedberg has invested in a number of Bay Area-based food-technology startups, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.clarafoods.com/\">Clara Foods\u003c/a>, which is developing an egg-free egg white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Friedberg, a meal is slightly cheaper than Chipotle, which may appeal to cash-strapped people who work in the area (in fact, the price of a burrito bowl and quinoa bowl are roughly equitable at just under $7, although the latter contains about half the calories).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Quinoa is definitely one of those foods that has become really popular lately, but this one actually has some real science behind it,\" said Jennifer Gibson, a San Francisco-based nutritionist who works at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vida.com\">Vida\u003c/a>, a health coaching app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-27255\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Investor Dave Friedberg gave me a tour of Eatsa, a healthy fast food restaurant opening at the end of the month \" width=\"390\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investor Dave Friedberg gave me a tour of Eatsa, a healthy fast food restaurant opening at the end of the month \u003ccite>(Christina Farr / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Quinoa is a complete protein, meaning it contains the nine amino acids our body needs. It's also gluten free, and has a low \u003ca href=\"http://www.glycemicindex.com/\">glycemic index\u003c/a> compared to a lot of other grains. \"Let's put it this way,\" said Gibson. \"It's one of the few foods I would bring to the desert island.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all sounds well and good, but I have been feeling guilty \u003cspan class=\"s1\">about eating quinoa since \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">2013. A series of articles claimed that global demand for the superfood had put it out of reach for those living closest to where it's traditionally been grown.\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/07/16/202737139/is-our-love-of-quinoa-hurting-or-helping-farmers-who-grow-it\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">NPR interviewed farmers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> in subsequent months who denied that they could no longer afford the staple crop. They were still eating quinoa, and accessing other healthy foods, including tomatoes and veggies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">In fact, quinoa can grow in diverse conditions and requires very little water to grow, said Friedberg, which makes it a valuable crop to feed a growing population. \"Quinoa is truly a superfood.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Possible Spoiler for El Niño: A 'Battle of the Blobs'",
"headTitle": "Possible Spoiler for El Niño: A ‘Battle of the Blobs’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/08/20150810ScienceBattleoftheBlobs.mp3\u003cbr>\nHopeful Californians are looking to the Pacific this winter for an end to California’s most punishing drought on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason: what appears to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/3323\">a monster El Niño in the making\u003c/a>. The abnormally warm waters along the equator \u003cem>could\u003c/em> mean a wet winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no guarantees, but there have been portents. On one Saturday in July, San Diego got more rain than it got the entire month of January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same month, ESPN broadcaster Dan Shulman broke the news to baseball fans from underneath a golf umbrella: “For the first time in 20 years, a game has been postponed because of rain here in Anaheim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can thank Dolores for that, a hurricane that managed to make it farther north than normal. The intense Pacific hurricane season \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20150716/hurricane-dolores-el-nixf1o-bring-big-waves-to-southern-california-beaches\">bears the fingerprints\u003c/a> of El Niño, which is already getting hyped as a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/09/el-nino-update-californias-great-wet-hope-continues-to-build/\">potential drought-buster.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, and deservedly so,” says Kevin Trenberth, a Distinguished Senior Scientist at the \u003ca href=\"https://ncar.ucar.edu/\">National Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/a> in Boulder, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For this time of year, the El Niño is as strong as it’s ever been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26565\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26565 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storms headed for the California coast run into the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, represented by the “H” in this graphic. (David Pierce/ KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strength in this case is measured by how much warmer surface temperatures are than normal, in the tropical Pacific. And this one looks to be about as strong as the legendary \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">El Niño of 1997-98\u003c/a>, which was the strongest on record, peaking at about 2.3 degrees Celsius above normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ocean, a spike of more than two degrees is like sticking a hot poker into the climate system. Pacific storms sucked up moisture from extremely warm equatorial waters and pretty much dumped it on California. San Francisco got double its normal rainfall that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter the Blob\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time around, there are other things brewing in the Pacific: patches of freakishly warm water spread far and wide, up the California coast to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2015/07/blob.html\">persistently warm vortex\u003c/a>, hundreds of miles across, christened by climate scientists as “the Blob.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is definitely the wildcard with this El Niño,” warns Bill Patzert, a climatologist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab\u003c/a> in Pasadena and an advisor to federal El Niño forecasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says unlike in 1997, the Blob has been a fixture during the current drought. It’s essentially the sidekick of that “\u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/tag/ridiculously-resilient-ridge\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>,” the stubborn bubble of high-pressure that’s been parked off the north coast for the past couple of years, diverting winter storms up and around California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_172832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 580px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-172832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg\" alt='The \"Blob\" is associated with the persistent ridge of high pressure that has detoured the winter storm track around California.' width=\"580\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg 580w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753-400x440.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Blob” is associated with the persistent ridge of high pressure that has detoured the winter storm track around California. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And so the question is, who wins in the battle of the Blob and the El Niño,” says Patzert, “and what impact that’ll have on rainfall on the West Coast of the U.S. this fall, into the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert says if the Blob and its ridge dominate, we could wring less water out of this El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re having here is battling blobs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone’s on the edge of their seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t fit with my concept of how things work,” says Trenberth. On the contrary, he maintains, the presence of all this warm water — especially close to the coast — could mean heavier rains from the storms we do get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Mixed Blessing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential in California for rains to be torrential this winter is quite high because of the warm water,” Trenberth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because, as a general rule, the warmer the water, the more moisture gets picked up by the atmosphere and by any emerging storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_173701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-173701\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png\" alt=\"Ocean waters near California have warmed further in recent weeks, and remain far above normal. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-400x300.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-960x720.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ocean waters near California have warmed further in recent weeks, and remain far above normal. \u003ccite>(NOAA RTG)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those storms are apt to pick up moisture from any warm water that’s lying around all along the West Coast,” says Trenberth, “and it just feeds those storms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be both good and bad news. While the reservoirs refill, the rivers could easily overfill, causing flooding and landslides — much like in 1997-98. Trenberth will take that glass as half-full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way things are shaping up it sure looks like an end to the drought to me,” he says, “depending on how you define the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert agrees the current El Niño is looking like a monster — “Godzilla,” to use his favorite moniker. But he’s concerned the Blob and its ridge could become at least partial spoilers, blocking out storms from the northern Pacific, leaving the door open only for El Niño-driven storms from the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean Southern California gets a soaking, but the northern part of the state — where most of the major reservoirs are — misses out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is almost certainly going to be a dividing line,” says Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain. “And it’s possible that dividing line could occur somewhere in Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert hopes that isn’t the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that happens, I’m definitely going to have to go into witness protection,” he frets, “because ‘my’ El Niño, the Great Wet Hope, will only deliver half the package.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever we get, it’s a package that won’t be delivered for at least three months, when California’s long-awaited “rainy” season is due.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One climate scientist postulates that the high pressure behind freakishly warm northern waters could put a flow restrictor on El Niño.",
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"description": "One climate scientist postulates that the high pressure behind freakishly warm northern waters could put a flow restrictor on El Niño.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/08/20150810ScienceBattleoftheBlobs.mp3\u003cbr>\nHopeful Californians are looking to the Pacific this winter for an end to California’s most punishing drought on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason: what appears to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/3323\">a monster El Niño in the making\u003c/a>. The abnormally warm waters along the equator \u003cem>could\u003c/em> mean a wet winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no guarantees, but there have been portents. On one Saturday in July, San Diego got more rain than it got the entire month of January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same month, ESPN broadcaster Dan Shulman broke the news to baseball fans from underneath a golf umbrella: “For the first time in 20 years, a game has been postponed because of rain here in Anaheim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can thank Dolores for that, a hurricane that managed to make it farther north than normal. The intense Pacific hurricane season \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20150716/hurricane-dolores-el-nixf1o-bring-big-waves-to-southern-california-beaches\">bears the fingerprints\u003c/a> of El Niño, which is already getting hyped as a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/09/el-nino-update-californias-great-wet-hope-continues-to-build/\">potential drought-buster.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, and deservedly so,” says Kevin Trenberth, a Distinguished Senior Scientist at the \u003ca href=\"https://ncar.ucar.edu/\">National Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/a> in Boulder, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For this time of year, the El Niño is as strong as it’s ever been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26565\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26565 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storms headed for the California coast run into the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, represented by the “H” in this graphic. (David Pierce/ KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strength in this case is measured by how much warmer surface temperatures are than normal, in the tropical Pacific. And this one looks to be about as strong as the legendary \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">El Niño of 1997-98\u003c/a>, which was the strongest on record, peaking at about 2.3 degrees Celsius above normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ocean, a spike of more than two degrees is like sticking a hot poker into the climate system. Pacific storms sucked up moisture from extremely warm equatorial waters and pretty much dumped it on California. San Francisco got double its normal rainfall that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter the Blob\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time around, there are other things brewing in the Pacific: patches of freakishly warm water spread far and wide, up the California coast to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2015/07/blob.html\">persistently warm vortex\u003c/a>, hundreds of miles across, christened by climate scientists as “the Blob.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is definitely the wildcard with this El Niño,” warns Bill Patzert, a climatologist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab\u003c/a> in Pasadena and an advisor to federal El Niño forecasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says unlike in 1997, the Blob has been a fixture during the current drought. It’s essentially the sidekick of that “\u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/tag/ridiculously-resilient-ridge\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>,” the stubborn bubble of high-pressure that’s been parked off the north coast for the past couple of years, diverting winter storms up and around California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_172832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 580px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-172832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg\" alt='The \"Blob\" is associated with the persistent ridge of high pressure that has detoured the winter storm track around California.' width=\"580\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg 580w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753-400x440.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Blob” is associated with the persistent ridge of high pressure that has detoured the winter storm track around California. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And so the question is, who wins in the battle of the Blob and the El Niño,” says Patzert, “and what impact that’ll have on rainfall on the West Coast of the U.S. this fall, into the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert says if the Blob and its ridge dominate, we could wring less water out of this El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re having here is battling blobs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone’s on the edge of their seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t fit with my concept of how things work,” says Trenberth. On the contrary, he maintains, the presence of all this warm water — especially close to the coast — could mean heavier rains from the storms we do get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Mixed Blessing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential in California for rains to be torrential this winter is quite high because of the warm water,” Trenberth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because, as a general rule, the warmer the water, the more moisture gets picked up by the atmosphere and by any emerging storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_173701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-173701\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png\" alt=\"Ocean waters near California have warmed further in recent weeks, and remain far above normal. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-400x300.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-960x720.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ocean waters near California have warmed further in recent weeks, and remain far above normal. \u003ccite>(NOAA RTG)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those storms are apt to pick up moisture from any warm water that’s lying around all along the West Coast,” says Trenberth, “and it just feeds those storms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be both good and bad news. While the reservoirs refill, the rivers could easily overfill, causing flooding and landslides — much like in 1997-98. Trenberth will take that glass as half-full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way things are shaping up it sure looks like an end to the drought to me,” he says, “depending on how you define the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert agrees the current El Niño is looking like a monster — “Godzilla,” to use his favorite moniker. But he’s concerned the Blob and its ridge could become at least partial spoilers, blocking out storms from the northern Pacific, leaving the door open only for El Niño-driven storms from the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean Southern California gets a soaking, but the northern part of the state — where most of the major reservoirs are — misses out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is almost certainly going to be a dividing line,” says Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain. “And it’s possible that dividing line could occur somewhere in Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert hopes that isn’t the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that happens, I’m definitely going to have to go into witness protection,” he frets, “because ‘my’ El Niño, the Great Wet Hope, will only deliver half the package.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever we get, it’s a package that won’t be delivered for at least three months, when California’s long-awaited “rainy” season is due.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Berkeley 'Corpse Flower' Blooming Soon in All Its Disgusting Glory",
"headTitle": "Berkeley ‘Corpse Flower’ Blooming Soon in All Its Disgusting Glory | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: 9:55 p.m., July 26, 2015\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After days of coyly tempting staff and visitors with the occasional pungent whiff of rotting flesh, Trudy the \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/titan-arum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corpse flower\u003c/a> finally blossomed on Saturday night at the UC Botanical Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_145369\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2387px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-145369\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048.jpg\" alt=\"Visitors react to Trudy with delight and disgust on Sunday afternoon.\" width=\"2387\" height=\"1907\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048.jpg 2387w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-400x320.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-800x639.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-1440x1150.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-1400x1118.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-1180x943.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-960x767.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2387px) 100vw, 2387px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors react to Trudy with delight and disgust on Sunday afternoon. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A record crowd of over 2,250 guests turned out to see and smell the 56-inch bloom today, almost ten times the typical number for a busy weekend day. Many visitors waited in line for over an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen anything like this before,” says Paul Licht, the garden’s director, gesturing towards the queue of people eager to feel queasy at the flower’s stench.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_145370\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2592px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-145370 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051.jpg\" alt=\"Docents explain the titan arum's life cycle as they waft the foul stench over eager visitors.\" width=\"2592\" height=\"1936\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051.jpg 2592w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-400x299.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-1440x1076.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-1400x1046.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-1180x881.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-960x717.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2592px) 100vw, 2592px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Docents explain the titan arum’s life cycle as they waft the foul stench over eager visitors. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trudy will remain on display for several days, but the odor has already started to fade. And in a few days, the whole flower will collapse so that it may restart its \u003ca href=\"https://bioscigreenhouse.osu.edu/titan-arum-faqs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">life cycle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: 1:10 p.m., July 24, 2015\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good news for Bay Area working stiffs: you haven’t missed the chance to make yourself nauseous at the UC Botanical Garden. Despite high hopes for a putrid performance today, Trudy the corpse flower has not yet bloomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Licht, director of the garden, had expected the plant to bloom overnight. But this morning, he says there are signs that the plant is getting ready to bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically the skirt-like structure that wraps around the base of the flower, called the spathe, is starting to loosen. When the plant blooms, the spathe will fully open, exposing hundreds of tiny flowers and the wicked stench that so many visitors are dying to smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-139929\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Licht, the botanical garden director, explains the Titan Arum's life cycle to visitors anxious to smell the nauseating flower.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-1400x1050.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Licht, the botanical garden director, explains the Titan Arum’s life cycle to visitors anxious to smell the nauseating flower. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s impossible to predict for sure,” he says. “But it looks different this morning in an important way. It could be tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors can check Trudy’s progress on the \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/titan-arum/#tab-1-1-trudys-progress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">botanical garden website\u003c/a> before planning a trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-139928 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732.jpg\" alt=\"Trudy the corpse flower is showing signs that a bloom (and its distinctive odor of rotten flesh) is imminent. The botanical garden is collaborating with private photographers to capture time-lapse images of the event.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-1400x1050.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trudy the corpse flower is showing signs that a bloom (and its distinctive odor of rotten flesh) is imminent. The garden is collaborating with private photographers to capture the first-ever time-lapse video of a titan arum bloom in IMAX. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post, 1:05 p.m., July 21, 2015:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/titan-arum/\">UC Berkeley Botanical Garden\u003c/a> has a stinky spectacle on display this week: a plant that looks a bit like a five-foot tall banana and smells like a dead mouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clearly, to me, the odor of a dead mammal, as opposed to a fish,” says Paul Licht, the director of the botanical garden. “Or maybe a dead rat. A big dead rat. Or a dead cow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s actually a blooming titan arum plant, also known as the “corpse flower” or by its colorful scientific name \u003cem>Amorphophallus titanum, \u003c/em>which means “giant misshapen penis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to see one in full bloom is a rare sight, since titan arums typically only flower once every few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a pretty fantastic thing to witness, even if you’ve seen it before,” says Licht. “I’m still completely drawn to it. It’s something you want to see over and over again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-full wp-image-132696\">But what’s with the stench? Like most flowers, the titan arum is using odor to call in its pollinators. But instead of luring bees or bats with the sweet smells of pollen and nectar, the “corpse flower” produces an odor like rotten flesh to attract carrion flies and beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also heats its flower to over 100-degrees, which helps the foul smell permeate its native Sumatran rainforests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Berkeley, the botanical garden staff has nicknamed this plant “Trudy.” This is the fourth time it has bloomed in the 20 years since it was planted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 822px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132696 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/3657564789_811465d7bf_b.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of Trudy's last bloom, in 2009.\" width=\"822\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/3657564789_811465d7bf_b.jpg 822w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/3657564789_811465d7bf_b-400x498.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/3657564789_811465d7bf_b-800x997.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of Trudy’s last bloom, in 2009. \u003ccite>(James Gaither/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And its flowering stalk is growing quickly. As of Tuesday morning, Trudy stands at 53 inches tall, having grown two inches overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Licht says it’s impossible to predict when the flower will open in all its gory glory, but his best guess is that it will happen toward the end of this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its famous “corpse” odor will only be produced for the last 24 hours of the bloom. Then the flower will collapse to restart the plant’s life cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accommodate visitors, the botanical garden will have \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/titan-arum/#tab-1-2-special-visiting-hours\">special visiting hours\u003c/a> this week, until the plant flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a fascinating flower, and it stinks,” says Licht. “But in a way that somehow appeals to people. People go to horror movies to be scared, right? Well, they go to see this flower to be made nauseous.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: 9:55 p.m., July 26, 2015\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After days of coyly tempting staff and visitors with the occasional pungent whiff of rotting flesh, Trudy the \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/titan-arum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corpse flower\u003c/a> finally blossomed on Saturday night at the UC Botanical Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_145369\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2387px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-145369\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048.jpg\" alt=\"Visitors react to Trudy with delight and disgust on Sunday afternoon.\" width=\"2387\" height=\"1907\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048.jpg 2387w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-400x320.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-800x639.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-1440x1150.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-1400x1118.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-1180x943.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2048-960x767.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2387px) 100vw, 2387px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors react to Trudy with delight and disgust on Sunday afternoon. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A record crowd of over 2,250 guests turned out to see and smell the 56-inch bloom today, almost ten times the typical number for a busy weekend day. Many visitors waited in line for over an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen anything like this before,” says Paul Licht, the garden’s director, gesturing towards the queue of people eager to feel queasy at the flower’s stench.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_145370\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2592px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-145370 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051.jpg\" alt=\"Docents explain the titan arum's life cycle as they waft the foul stench over eager visitors.\" width=\"2592\" height=\"1936\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051.jpg 2592w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-400x299.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-1440x1076.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-1400x1046.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-1180x881.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_2051-960x717.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2592px) 100vw, 2592px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Docents explain the titan arum’s life cycle as they waft the foul stench over eager visitors. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trudy will remain on display for several days, but the odor has already started to fade. And in a few days, the whole flower will collapse so that it may restart its \u003ca href=\"https://bioscigreenhouse.osu.edu/titan-arum-faqs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">life cycle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: 1:10 p.m., July 24, 2015\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good news for Bay Area working stiffs: you haven’t missed the chance to make yourself nauseous at the UC Botanical Garden. Despite high hopes for a putrid performance today, Trudy the corpse flower has not yet bloomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Licht, director of the garden, had expected the plant to bloom overnight. But this morning, he says there are signs that the plant is getting ready to bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically the skirt-like structure that wraps around the base of the flower, called the spathe, is starting to loosen. When the plant blooms, the spathe will fully open, exposing hundreds of tiny flowers and the wicked stench that so many visitors are dying to smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-139929\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Licht, the botanical garden director, explains the Titan Arum's life cycle to visitors anxious to smell the nauseating flower.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-1400x1050.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0762-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Licht, the botanical garden director, explains the Titan Arum’s life cycle to visitors anxious to smell the nauseating flower. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s impossible to predict for sure,” he says. “But it looks different this morning in an important way. It could be tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors can check Trudy’s progress on the \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/titan-arum/#tab-1-1-trudys-progress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">botanical garden website\u003c/a> before planning a trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-139928 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732.jpg\" alt=\"Trudy the corpse flower is showing signs that a bloom (and its distinctive odor of rotten flesh) is imminent. The botanical garden is collaborating with private photographers to capture time-lapse images of the event.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-1400x1050.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_0732-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trudy the corpse flower is showing signs that a bloom (and its distinctive odor of rotten flesh) is imminent. The garden is collaborating with private photographers to capture the first-ever time-lapse video of a titan arum bloom in IMAX. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post, 1:05 p.m., July 21, 2015:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/titan-arum/\">UC Berkeley Botanical Garden\u003c/a> has a stinky spectacle on display this week: a plant that looks a bit like a five-foot tall banana and smells like a dead mouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clearly, to me, the odor of a dead mammal, as opposed to a fish,” says Paul Licht, the director of the botanical garden. “Or maybe a dead rat. A big dead rat. Or a dead cow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s actually a blooming titan arum plant, also known as the “corpse flower” or by its colorful scientific name \u003cem>Amorphophallus titanum, \u003c/em>which means “giant misshapen penis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to see one in full bloom is a rare sight, since titan arums typically only flower once every few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a pretty fantastic thing to witness, even if you’ve seen it before,” says Licht. “I’m still completely drawn to it. It’s something you want to see over and over again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-full wp-image-132696\">But what’s with the stench? Like most flowers, the titan arum is using odor to call in its pollinators. But instead of luring bees or bats with the sweet smells of pollen and nectar, the “corpse flower” produces an odor like rotten flesh to attract carrion flies and beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also heats its flower to over 100-degrees, which helps the foul smell permeate its native Sumatran rainforests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Berkeley, the botanical garden staff has nicknamed this plant “Trudy.” This is the fourth time it has bloomed in the 20 years since it was planted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 822px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132696 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/3657564789_811465d7bf_b.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of Trudy's last bloom, in 2009.\" width=\"822\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/3657564789_811465d7bf_b.jpg 822w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/3657564789_811465d7bf_b-400x498.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/3657564789_811465d7bf_b-800x997.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of Trudy’s last bloom, in 2009. \u003ccite>(James Gaither/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And its flowering stalk is growing quickly. As of Tuesday morning, Trudy stands at 53 inches tall, having grown two inches overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Licht says it’s impossible to predict when the flower will open in all its gory glory, but his best guess is that it will happen toward the end of this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its famous “corpse” odor will only be produced for the last 24 hours of the bloom. Then the flower will collapse to restart the plant’s life cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accommodate visitors, the botanical garden will have \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/titan-arum/#tab-1-2-special-visiting-hours\">special visiting hours\u003c/a> this week, until the plant flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a fascinating flower, and it stinks,” says Licht. “But in a way that somehow appeals to people. People go to horror movies to be scared, right? Well, they go to see this flower to be made nauseous.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Doctors Quit Medicine to Work for Digital Health Startups",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even as a young child, Amanda Angelotti dreamed about becoming a doctor. Five years after graduating from college, she enrolled in the University of California, San Francisco medical school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by her third year, Angelotti couldn't shake the feeling that something was missing. During a routine shift at the hospital, making rounds with her fellow students, Angelotti said her thoughts kept drifting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was supposed to be focused on the patient's vital signs and presenting a summary, but I was consumed with thoughts about how to improve the process of rounds,\" she said. Most striking was the patient's absence from the discussion. \"I kept asking myself, 'how could we change things to involve the patient more?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a stone's throw from UCSF Medical Center, a small group of entrepreneurs at \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com\">Rock Health, \u003c/a>a new accelerator program (and now a venture firm), were thinking about how to shake up the health care process with technology. These startups were developing new wearable devices and mobile apps to help patients take more control of their own health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12284\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 407px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-12284\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Amanda Angelotti and Connie Chen developed a passion for digital health while at medical school \" width=\"407\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amanda Angelotti and Connie Chen developed a passion for digital health during medical school \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy, KQED )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The timing was right to bring new ideas to the sector. By 2012, hospitals around the country were rapidly moving away from paper-based medical records to electronic systems, a first step to moving health care into the digital age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angelotti graduated the following year, but she did not apply for any residency programs at U.S. hospitals. Instead, she applied to work at Rock Health as a researcher and writer before joining the new medical review site \u003ca href=\"http://www.iodine.com/\">Iodine\u003c/a>, one of an exploding number of digital health startups in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of that year, Rock Health projected that digital health funding had exceeded $1.9 billion, a 39 percent jump from the prior year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rising Tide of Doctors Turning to Entrepreneurship\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angelotti is far from alone in making the leap from medical school to digital health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students from around the Bay Area and the country are increasingly dropping out of residency programs and instead going into careers in high-tech start-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen that many of these Bay Area-based medical students are drawn to startup opportunities — it used to be biotech, and now it’s more often digital health,” said Jeff Tangney, CEO of Doximity, a physician-network that generates data for the \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/second-opinion/2014/01/10/doximity-begins-surveying-physicians-for-us-news-best-hospitals\">U.S. News Best Hospitals rankings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tangney said many of the top digital health companies are more than willing to hire new grads straight out of medical school, who lack years of clinical experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dropout doctors are well-positioned, he added, for a career in digital health as they have an insider’s view of the industry — and ideas about how to fix it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-13015\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Harvard Medical School dropout Sean Duffy addressing a group from Kaiser Permanente\" width=\"437\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 437px) 100vw, 437px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvard Medical School dropout Sean Duffy addressing a group from Kaiser Permanente \u003ccite>(Omada Health )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Sean Duffy, the CEO of Omada Health and a Harvard medical school dropout put it: \"I wanted to understand what's in the trenches, so I could redefine the trenches.\" Omada Health offers an online program to help people change their behavior and avoid the onset of diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duffy is part of a private Facebook group called \"dropout doctors,\" which includes some of the biggest names in digital health. It functions as a support group, of sorts, and meets every few months for dinner or drinks. Some members, like Angelotti, said they find solace in the group as it can be difficult and lonely to opt out of clinical medicine and follow a different path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The membership includes Angelotti, who now works at primary care chain One Medical; Duffy, CEO of Omada Health\u003ca href=\"https://omadahealth.com/\">;\u003c/a> Connie Chen, the cofounder of Vida Health; Shaundra Eichstadt, medical director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.grandrounds.com/\">Grand Rounds\u003c/a>; Abhas Gupta, a health-focused venture capitalist with the firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdv.com/\">Mohr Davidow\u003c/a>; Molly Maloof, a medical advisor to \u003ca href=\"https://doctorbase.com/\">DoctorBase;\u003c/a> and Rebecca Coelius, the director of health at \u003ca href=\"https://www.codeforamerica.org/\">Code for America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>'I Never Thought I Would Leave Medicine' \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say it's both 'push and pull' effect that is motivating young doctors to seek out opportunities with the growing intersection of technology and health care, rather than pursue brick and mortar medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the students at the top Bay Area medical schools, Stanford and UCSF, are exposed to entrepreneurial thinking during the course of their education, which can be a major draw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never thought I would leave medicine,\" said Eichstadt, who now works at Grand Rounds Health, a San Francisco-based startup that helps patients access second opinions from top medical experts online. \"But there's such a rich opportunity at companies here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-13016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-800x565.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Shaundra Eichstadt made the transition from medicine to digital health. \" width=\"410\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-800x565.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-400x282.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-1180x833.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-960x678.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Shaundra Eichstadt made the transition from medicine to digital health. \u003ccite>(Shaundra Eichstadt )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eichstadt graduated from Stanford and pursued several years of residency, specializing in plastic and reconstructive surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I realized that the system isn't designed for doctors to make the real change you would like to for the patient,\" she said. Eichstadt said she believed that she could make a bigger impact elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the dropout docs expressed a desire to improve the doctor-patient experience. In interviews with \u003cem>KQED,\u003c/em> several said they spent very little time administering care during medical school, and they felt that patients were too often kept out of the loop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent study found that doctors-in-training spend\u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/30/for-new-doctors-8-minutes-per-patient/\"> an average of just eight minutes\u003c/a> with each patient. This is a drastic decrease from previous generations and is linked to more record-keeping requirements and restricted on-duty hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Chen still practices medicine a half-day each week. But shortly after medical school, Chen co-founded an app called \u003ca href=\"https://www.vida.com\">Vida\u003c/a>, which connects people with chronic diseases to virtual health coaches, like nutritionists and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen said she learned very little about nutrition at medical school. But digital health opened up opportunities for Chen to educate herself about wellness, so she can help patients stay healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Tech culture is very appealing when juxtaposed against the hierarchy and myriad hoops to be jumped through in clinical medicine.\"\u003ccite>Rebecca Coelius, Director of Health at Code for America\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Traditional health care is really oriented to make the life of the provider easier,\" she said. \"Your patients cycle in and out of the hospital, and very often, no one makes enough of an effort to communicate with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lack of Opportunities \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dropout docs said they felt pushed out of medicine, due to the lack of career opportunities or earning potential. Family practitioners, who serve at the front lines of health care, \u003ca href=\"http://healthland.time.com/2012/04/27/doctors-salaries-who-earns-the-most-and-the-least/\">are paid the least\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies have also shown rising levels of \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/doctor-burnout/\">discontent among primary care doctors\u003c/a>. Nearly half of 7,200 doctors who responded to a Mayo Clinic survey in 2012 said they felt a lack of enthusiasm about medicine or cynicism about it. A decade ago, one quarter of doctors reported feeling burnt out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I loved working with patients but I looked around me and realized that I didn't want the jobs of anybody who had 'succeeded' as a clinician,\" said Rebecca Coelius, who graduated with an MD from UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coelius now advises a number of health-tech startups, including Doximity and previously worked for \u003ca href=\"http://healthloop.com/\">HealthLoop\u003c/a>, which was founded by another entrepreneurial MD, Dr. Jordan Shlain. She's also worked for the government as a medical innovation officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tech culture is very appealing when juxtaposed against the hierarchy and myriad hoops to be jumped through in clinical medicine,\" she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this article contained data from Doximity on the percentage of Stanford and UCSF medical students applying to residency programs. Doximity says it failed to factor in medical school graduates who pursue further post-graduate studies and that the Stanford information it provided was inaccurate. Stanford officials say Stanford has a 95 percent rate of medical students pursuing residency after graduation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "KQED reports on the growing trend of Bay Area-based doctors making the leap from traditional medicine to digital health. These \"dropout doctors\" say they can make a bigger impact by transforming health care from the outside in, rather than the inside out. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even as a young child, Amanda Angelotti dreamed about becoming a doctor. Five years after graduating from college, she enrolled in the University of California, San Francisco medical school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by her third year, Angelotti couldn't shake the feeling that something was missing. During a routine shift at the hospital, making rounds with her fellow students, Angelotti said her thoughts kept drifting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was supposed to be focused on the patient's vital signs and presenting a summary, but I was consumed with thoughts about how to improve the process of rounds,\" she said. Most striking was the patient's absence from the discussion. \"I kept asking myself, 'how could we change things to involve the patient more?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a stone's throw from UCSF Medical Center, a small group of entrepreneurs at \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com\">Rock Health, \u003c/a>a new accelerator program (and now a venture firm), were thinking about how to shake up the health care process with technology. These startups were developing new wearable devices and mobile apps to help patients take more control of their own health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12284\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 407px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-12284\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Amanda Angelotti and Connie Chen developed a passion for digital health while at medical school \" width=\"407\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/JV0A7413-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amanda Angelotti and Connie Chen developed a passion for digital health during medical school \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy, KQED )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The timing was right to bring new ideas to the sector. By 2012, hospitals around the country were rapidly moving away from paper-based medical records to electronic systems, a first step to moving health care into the digital age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angelotti graduated the following year, but she did not apply for any residency programs at U.S. hospitals. Instead, she applied to work at Rock Health as a researcher and writer before joining the new medical review site \u003ca href=\"http://www.iodine.com/\">Iodine\u003c/a>, one of an exploding number of digital health startups in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of that year, Rock Health projected that digital health funding had exceeded $1.9 billion, a 39 percent jump from the prior year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rising Tide of Doctors Turning to Entrepreneurship\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angelotti is far from alone in making the leap from medical school to digital health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students from around the Bay Area and the country are increasingly dropping out of residency programs and instead going into careers in high-tech start-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen that many of these Bay Area-based medical students are drawn to startup opportunities — it used to be biotech, and now it’s more often digital health,” said Jeff Tangney, CEO of Doximity, a physician-network that generates data for the \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/second-opinion/2014/01/10/doximity-begins-surveying-physicians-for-us-news-best-hospitals\">U.S. News Best Hospitals rankings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tangney said many of the top digital health companies are more than willing to hire new grads straight out of medical school, who lack years of clinical experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dropout doctors are well-positioned, he added, for a career in digital health as they have an insider’s view of the industry — and ideas about how to fix it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-13015\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Harvard Medical School dropout Sean Duffy addressing a group from Kaiser Permanente\" width=\"437\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sean-duffy-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 437px) 100vw, 437px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvard Medical School dropout Sean Duffy addressing a group from Kaiser Permanente \u003ccite>(Omada Health )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Sean Duffy, the CEO of Omada Health and a Harvard medical school dropout put it: \"I wanted to understand what's in the trenches, so I could redefine the trenches.\" Omada Health offers an online program to help people change their behavior and avoid the onset of diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duffy is part of a private Facebook group called \"dropout doctors,\" which includes some of the biggest names in digital health. It functions as a support group, of sorts, and meets every few months for dinner or drinks. Some members, like Angelotti, said they find solace in the group as it can be difficult and lonely to opt out of clinical medicine and follow a different path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The membership includes Angelotti, who now works at primary care chain One Medical; Duffy, CEO of Omada Health\u003ca href=\"https://omadahealth.com/\">;\u003c/a> Connie Chen, the cofounder of Vida Health; Shaundra Eichstadt, medical director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.grandrounds.com/\">Grand Rounds\u003c/a>; Abhas Gupta, a health-focused venture capitalist with the firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdv.com/\">Mohr Davidow\u003c/a>; Molly Maloof, a medical advisor to \u003ca href=\"https://doctorbase.com/\">DoctorBase;\u003c/a> and Rebecca Coelius, the director of health at \u003ca href=\"https://www.codeforamerica.org/\">Code for America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>'I Never Thought I Would Leave Medicine' \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say it's both 'push and pull' effect that is motivating young doctors to seek out opportunities with the growing intersection of technology and health care, rather than pursue brick and mortar medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the students at the top Bay Area medical schools, Stanford and UCSF, are exposed to entrepreneurial thinking during the course of their education, which can be a major draw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never thought I would leave medicine,\" said Eichstadt, who now works at Grand Rounds Health, a San Francisco-based startup that helps patients access second opinions from top medical experts online. \"But there's such a rich opportunity at companies here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-13016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-800x565.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Shaundra Eichstadt made the transition from medicine to digital health. \" width=\"410\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-800x565.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-400x282.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-1180x833.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo-960x678.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/SE-photo.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Shaundra Eichstadt made the transition from medicine to digital health. \u003ccite>(Shaundra Eichstadt )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eichstadt graduated from Stanford and pursued several years of residency, specializing in plastic and reconstructive surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I realized that the system isn't designed for doctors to make the real change you would like to for the patient,\" she said. Eichstadt said she believed that she could make a bigger impact elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the dropout docs expressed a desire to improve the doctor-patient experience. In interviews with \u003cem>KQED,\u003c/em> several said they spent very little time administering care during medical school, and they felt that patients were too often kept out of the loop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent study found that doctors-in-training spend\u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/30/for-new-doctors-8-minutes-per-patient/\"> an average of just eight minutes\u003c/a> with each patient. This is a drastic decrease from previous generations and is linked to more record-keeping requirements and restricted on-duty hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Chen still practices medicine a half-day each week. But shortly after medical school, Chen co-founded an app called \u003ca href=\"https://www.vida.com\">Vida\u003c/a>, which connects people with chronic diseases to virtual health coaches, like nutritionists and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen said she learned very little about nutrition at medical school. But digital health opened up opportunities for Chen to educate herself about wellness, so she can help patients stay healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Tech culture is very appealing when juxtaposed against the hierarchy and myriad hoops to be jumped through in clinical medicine.\"\u003ccite>Rebecca Coelius, Director of Health at Code for America\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Traditional health care is really oriented to make the life of the provider easier,\" she said. \"Your patients cycle in and out of the hospital, and very often, no one makes enough of an effort to communicate with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lack of Opportunities \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dropout docs said they felt pushed out of medicine, due to the lack of career opportunities or earning potential. Family practitioners, who serve at the front lines of health care, \u003ca href=\"http://healthland.time.com/2012/04/27/doctors-salaries-who-earns-the-most-and-the-least/\">are paid the least\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies have also shown rising levels of \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/doctor-burnout/\">discontent among primary care doctors\u003c/a>. Nearly half of 7,200 doctors who responded to a Mayo Clinic survey in 2012 said they felt a lack of enthusiasm about medicine or cynicism about it. A decade ago, one quarter of doctors reported feeling burnt out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I loved working with patients but I looked around me and realized that I didn't want the jobs of anybody who had 'succeeded' as a clinician,\" said Rebecca Coelius, who graduated with an MD from UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coelius now advises a number of health-tech startups, including Doximity and previously worked for \u003ca href=\"http://healthloop.com/\">HealthLoop\u003c/a>, which was founded by another entrepreneurial MD, Dr. Jordan Shlain. She's also worked for the government as a medical innovation officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tech culture is very appealing when juxtaposed against the hierarchy and myriad hoops to be jumped through in clinical medicine,\" she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this article contained data from Doximity on the percentage of Stanford and UCSF medical students applying to residency programs. Doximity says it failed to factor in medical school graduates who pursue further post-graduate studies and that the Stanford information it provided was inaccurate. Stanford officials say Stanford has a 95 percent rate of medical students pursuing residency after graduation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "El Niño Update: California's 'Great Wet Hope' Continues to Build",
"headTitle": "El Niño Update: California’s ‘Great Wet Hope’ Continues to Build | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Prospects for a wet winter are brightening, if predictions for the state’s “great wet hope” pan out. The \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html\">ocean conditions\u003c/a> known as El Niño appear to be strengthening — but a parched California is still months away from relief — if it comes at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal forecasters now say that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/\">chances are 90 percent\u003c/a> of an El Niño persisting through the coming winter — and the odds are nearly as good — 80 percent — that the tropical Pacific will stay warmer than normal into the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what matters just as much is how warm those waters are; only \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">the so-called “strong” events\u003c/a> are reliable rainmakers for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward right now we do favor a strong event,” says Mike Halpert, deputy director of NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly at this point we don’t see this thing weakening and fading away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_105237\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 649px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/ElNino_NOAA_150701.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-105237\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/ElNino_NOAA_150701.png\" alt=\"An El Nino forms when the usual easterly trade winds subside, allowing surface waters to warm along the equator.\" width=\"649\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/ElNino_NOAA_150701.png 649w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/ElNino_NOAA_150701-400x255.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An El Nino forms when the usual easterly trade winds subside, allowing surface waters to warm along the equator. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others are also bullish on a big event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not a puny El Niño but a Godzilla El Niño,” adds Bill Patzert, a climatologist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is much stronger than we’ve seen — this is the biggest signal since 1997.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was that last one that Patzert would assign “Godzilla” status. That winter San Francisco got double its usual rainfall and the state was pounded with rain and snow, causing major flooding and landslides. While that could happen this time, it would also top up badly depleted reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every week this drought gets more and more punishing and by the time we hit the fall, you know everybody is definitely going to be on El Niño alert.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the alert might be tempered a bit by memories of last year’s “El Wimpo,” the moniker that landed on an El Niño that didn’t amount to much — and certainly produced no big rains for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I won’t say it’s night and day compared to last year,” says NOAA’s Halpert, “but certainly last year we never involved the atmosphere as the ocean temperature warmed and the ocean never really got as warm as we currently are, so there’s a big difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert says not quite all the pieces are in place; he’s still looking for a key ingredient in the El Niño recipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not quite there yet,” he cautions. “The temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific are definitely building. It’s very warm out there — but what we have not seen is a large-scale collapse of the trade winds systems, which is really the critical piece.” (El Niño is not to be confused with the current “blob” of warm ocean water lingering along the California coast — they are completely separate, driven by different mechanisms.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert says it would be a mistake to relax water conservation efforts throughout California. State water managers have echoed that. They too well remember last year, when early hype over El Niño may have given Californians false hope, undermining calls for water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still time for this El Niño to disappoint us,” Patzert cautions. “Don’t cash in your 401-k and invest in umbrellas…yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists say they're seeing the strongest El Nino signal since the \"Godzilla\" event of 1997-98, when San Francisco got double its usual rainfall.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Prospects for a wet winter are brightening, if predictions for the state’s “great wet hope” pan out. The \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html\">ocean conditions\u003c/a> known as El Niño appear to be strengthening — but a parched California is still months away from relief — if it comes at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal forecasters now say that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/\">chances are 90 percent\u003c/a> of an El Niño persisting through the coming winter — and the odds are nearly as good — 80 percent — that the tropical Pacific will stay warmer than normal into the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what matters just as much is how warm those waters are; only \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">the so-called “strong” events\u003c/a> are reliable rainmakers for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward right now we do favor a strong event,” says Mike Halpert, deputy director of NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly at this point we don’t see this thing weakening and fading away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_105237\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 649px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/ElNino_NOAA_150701.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-105237\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/ElNino_NOAA_150701.png\" alt=\"An El Nino forms when the usual easterly trade winds subside, allowing surface waters to warm along the equator.\" width=\"649\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/ElNino_NOAA_150701.png 649w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/ElNino_NOAA_150701-400x255.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An El Nino forms when the usual easterly trade winds subside, allowing surface waters to warm along the equator. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others are also bullish on a big event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not a puny El Niño but a Godzilla El Niño,” adds Bill Patzert, a climatologist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is much stronger than we’ve seen — this is the biggest signal since 1997.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was that last one that Patzert would assign “Godzilla” status. That winter San Francisco got double its usual rainfall and the state was pounded with rain and snow, causing major flooding and landslides. While that could happen this time, it would also top up badly depleted reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every week this drought gets more and more punishing and by the time we hit the fall, you know everybody is definitely going to be on El Niño alert.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the alert might be tempered a bit by memories of last year’s “El Wimpo,” the moniker that landed on an El Niño that didn’t amount to much — and certainly produced no big rains for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I won’t say it’s night and day compared to last year,” says NOAA’s Halpert, “but certainly last year we never involved the atmosphere as the ocean temperature warmed and the ocean never really got as warm as we currently are, so there’s a big difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert says not quite all the pieces are in place; he’s still looking for a key ingredient in the El Niño recipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not quite there yet,” he cautions. “The temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific are definitely building. It’s very warm out there — but what we have not seen is a large-scale collapse of the trade winds systems, which is really the critical piece.” (El Niño is not to be confused with the current “blob” of warm ocean water lingering along the California coast — they are completely separate, driven by different mechanisms.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert says it would be a mistake to relax water conservation efforts throughout California. State water managers have echoed that. They too well remember last year, when early hype over El Niño may have given Californians false hope, undermining calls for water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still time for this El Niño to disappoint us,” Patzert cautions. “Don’t cash in your 401-k and invest in umbrellas…yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like many health conscious Americans, Dr. Rosalind Picard wears a fitness tracker on her wrist. But hers doesn't just track steps, it has an extra sensor that gathers medical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picard hopes the sensor, which measures the skin's electrical response, will soon save lives by predicting major health events such as epileptic seizures. As a leading engineer at the MIT Media Lab, Dr. Picard researches the autonomic nervous system, which includes heart rate, respiration, digestion, perspiration, and the fight-or-flight response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picard’s smartwatch, developed by her company \u003ca href=\"https://www.empatica.com/about\">Empatica\u003c/a>, records electrodermal (EDA) activity and wirelessly sends the data to a smartphone. The technology isn’t new, versions of the sensors have been used in polygraph tests for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But new, highly sensitive sensor technology can now provide a continuous reading on our emotional states, linking the tiniest increase in sweating to psychological or physiological arousal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picard calls this idea of using tech to help bridge the gap between human emotions and technology, ‘Affective Computing’ and she has been driving this field of study for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She takes her research personally, and wears her wristband sensor every day. It shows when she’s stressed, and when she’s calm, and yields surprising insights. When Picard compares her data with other researchers wearing the sensor, she notes that her tolerance of stress is higher than average. “We find individual differences in stress points,” Picard explained. “I tend to thrive on thrill-seeking high stress situations, but other people would go nuts with what I do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Sensors for Autism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If an autistic kid is lying on the floor motionless, but his EDA sensor reads that his signals are through the roof, caregivers can make better decisions about how to respond.\"\u003ccite>Rosalind Picard, founder of the Affective Computing Research Group at the MIT Media Lab \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The insight Picard has gleaned from electrodermal sensors go far beyond mood tracking. For people with autism, Picard’s lab has shown that the sensors can reveal emotional episodes that they might not be able to express verbally. “A person with autism gets overloaded and they shut down and retreat into their own little world,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picard explained that autistic responses to difficult situations can seem non-intuitive and sudden to observers and might involve head banging, other self-injury, or catatonic behavior. “In some instances, they are doing this to release a neurotransmitter that can quell the pain.” Picard explains, \"if an autistic kid is lying on the floor motionless, but his EDA sensor reads that his signals are through the roof, caregivers can make better decisions about how to respond.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Predicting Seizures \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrodermal sensors also have important implications for youth with epilepsy, which Picard discovered when one of her students placed the sensors on his brother. Twenty minutes before his brother had a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/grand-mal-seizure/basics/definition/con-20021356\">Grand Mal seizure\u003c/a>, the sensors registered off-the-charts skin conductance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After further study, Picard and her collaborators were able to show in peer-reviewed scientific publications that EDA sensors could provide reliable warning for seizures in some patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During very serious and possibly life-threatening seizures, respiration can be affected and even stopped. Known as sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), this is a risk especially for children, affecting 3 in 100 epileptics, often during sleep. “That risk is a lot higher than other causes of death. SUDEP kills more people than house fires, more than AIDS, and it is very stigmatized,” said Picard. “But we believe it is preventable in most cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, Picard’s company, Empatica, launched a \u003ca href=\"https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/embrace-a-gorgeous-watch-designed-to-save-lives#/story\">crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo \u003c/a> and raised over $700,000. The smartwatch, called Embrace, combines technology from fitness trackers with EDA and heart rate sensors to measure stress, epileptic seizures, activity and sleep. The company’s challenge now is to complete the FDA approval process and finish production on the first models that will go to backers of the campaign, many of whom are epileptics.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She takes her research personally, and wears her wristband sensor every day. It shows when she’s stressed, and when she’s calm, and yields surprising insights. When Picard compares her data with other researchers wearing the sensor, she notes that her tolerance of stress is higher than average. “We find individual differences in stress points,” Picard explained. “I tend to thrive on thrill-seeking high stress situations, but other people would go nuts with what I do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Sensors for Autism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If an autistic kid is lying on the floor motionless, but his EDA sensor reads that his signals are through the roof, caregivers can make better decisions about how to respond.\"\u003ccite>Rosalind Picard, founder of the Affective Computing Research Group at the MIT Media Lab \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The insight Picard has gleaned from electrodermal sensors go far beyond mood tracking. For people with autism, Picard’s lab has shown that the sensors can reveal emotional episodes that they might not be able to express verbally. “A person with autism gets overloaded and they shut down and retreat into their own little world,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picard explained that autistic responses to difficult situations can seem non-intuitive and sudden to observers and might involve head banging, other self-injury, or catatonic behavior. “In some instances, they are doing this to release a neurotransmitter that can quell the pain.” Picard explains, \"if an autistic kid is lying on the floor motionless, but his EDA sensor reads that his signals are through the roof, caregivers can make better decisions about how to respond.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Predicting Seizures \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrodermal sensors also have important implications for youth with epilepsy, which Picard discovered when one of her students placed the sensors on his brother. Twenty minutes before his brother had a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/grand-mal-seizure/basics/definition/con-20021356\">Grand Mal seizure\u003c/a>, the sensors registered off-the-charts skin conductance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After further study, Picard and her collaborators were able to show in peer-reviewed scientific publications that EDA sensors could provide reliable warning for seizures in some patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During very serious and possibly life-threatening seizures, respiration can be affected and even stopped. Known as sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), this is a risk especially for children, affecting 3 in 100 epileptics, often during sleep. “That risk is a lot higher than other causes of death. SUDEP kills more people than house fires, more than AIDS, and it is very stigmatized,” said Picard. “But we believe it is preventable in most cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, Picard’s company, Empatica, launched a \u003ca href=\"https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/embrace-a-gorgeous-watch-designed-to-save-lives#/story\">crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo \u003c/a> and raised over $700,000. The smartwatch, called Embrace, combines technology from fitness trackers with EDA and heart rate sensors to measure stress, epileptic seizures, activity and sleep. The company’s challenge now is to complete the FDA approval process and finish production on the first models that will go to backers of the campaign, many of whom are epileptics.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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A storm approaching Chino Hills, California.[/caption]
A stinking corpse flower, ice volcanoes and flesh-eating beetles are a few of the natural phenomena we profiled this year. But El Niño, by far, topped our list of most popular coverage.
From KQED Science's 200+ stories in 2015, we selected the 10 most viewed. Bookmark this page so you can return to them!
