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FM","link":"/"}},"news_11961878":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11961878","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11961878","score":null,"sort":[1695242176000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"northern-california-tribe-protects-traditions-wildfire-climate-change","title":"A Northern California Tribe Protects Traditions Amid Wildfire Challenges","publishDate":1695242176,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A Northern California Tribe Protects Traditions Amid Wildfire Challenges | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Oak Fire, which burned roughly 20,000 acres west of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/index.htm\">Yosemite National Park\u003c/a> last summer, was devastating to the area’s Indigenous tribes — including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.southernsierramiwuknation.org/\">Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation\u003c/a>. The tribe is headquartered in Mariposa, California, a small town in the Sierra Nevada foothills close to the national park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really hit our community hard,” said Tara Fouch-Moore, a member of the Southern Sierra Miwuk’s tribal council. “We lost 127 households.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oak Fire destroyed much more than property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These super fires, they burn so hot,” said Jazzmyn Gegere Brochini, the tribe’s cultural resource preservation manager. “The Oak Fire disintegrated absolutely everything in its path.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change brought on by the burning of fossil fuels has exacerbated, in part, the frequency and intensity of wildfires. Such catastrophic fires have decimated culturally significant sites and treasures, raising questions about how to best protect them for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s something the Southern Sierra Miwuk have had to grapple with. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jazzmyn Gegere Brochini, cultural resource preservation manager, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation\"]‘These super fires, they burn so hot. The Oak Fire disintegrated absolutely everything in its path.’[/pullquote] Gegere Brochini and Fouch-Moore said traditional plants like elderberry, deergrass and sedge used in native cooking, medicine and basket-making were destroyed by the Oak Fire — along with more permanent physical structures, such as the many milling stations carved into the bedrock by ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Miwuk people have used these indentations in the rocks to grind traditional medicines and foods like acorns for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And to think that something that has withstood the test of time for millennia can be destroyed by one fire sweeping through, is a sign that something is changing, and something devastating is happening,” said Fouch-Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cultural heritage and climate change closely intertwined\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Indigenous communities have long understood cultural heritage encompasses more than historic buildings and museum artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s also the knowledge of how to find food and how to survive or make art,” said Fouch-Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s how we coexist with the land and manage it,” said Anthony Lerma, the Southern Sierra Miwuk’s stewardship coordinator. “It’s the native way of life.” [aside postID=news_11957413 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-1020x680.jpg'] The tribe’s firsthand experience of the impact of climate change on cultural traditions has been compounded by displacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yosemite Valley used to be populated by Indigenous peoples, including the Southern Sierra Miwuk. “In the middle of the 1800s, as Yosemite started to be ‘discovered’ by settlers, they began to push the Indigenous tribes out,” said Cicely Muldoon, the superintendent of Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government designated the area as a national park in 1890 to protect its \u003cem>natural\u003c/em> treasures. But the \u003cem>cultural\u003c/em> ones didn’t fare so well: Muldoon said the few remaining Indigenous homes were razed in 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the last permanent occupation by the first people of Yosemite still living in their ancestral homelands,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Loss of place, loss of culture\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With the loss of their homelands came the loss of their cultural heritage, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/21/904600242/managing-wildfire-through-cultural-burning\">long tradition of managing forest fires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the first things the government outlawed was cultural burning,” said the Southern Sierra Miwuk’s Lerma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11961890\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11961890 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A forest is left barren with charred tree trunks amid a gray clouded sky and burned earth.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1708\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A forest is left decimated by the Oak Fire near Mariposa, on July 24, 2022. More than 2,000 firefighters backed by 17 helicopters were deployed against the wildfire. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State officials made this tribal practice of igniting small fires illegal in 1850. The years of fire suppression that followed have made wildfires worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Smokey the Bear’ all over the place,” said Fouch-Moore. “And now our forests are overgrown and in bad health. And they’re like, ‘Oh wait, maybe we should let the Indians do their thing.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, the National Park Service and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) have started to collaborate with Indigenous communities to return \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/13/902073784/california-teaming-up-with-native-american-tribes-to-prevent-wildfires\">traditional burning\u003c/a> to the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of local tribes have helped to set prescribed burns in Yosemite National Park, among other wooded areas. The process involves rubbing pieces of wood together to generate sparks instead of using modern drip torches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/8F5UgpE5szA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tribal representatives help us identify and protect important cultural sites during a wildfire,” said Gregg Bratcher, deputy chief of CAL FIRE’s prescribed fire program. The agency worked with the Southern Sierra Miwuk and other tribes on the cleanup effort after last year’s Oak Fire. “We work with them to ensure these sites are not damaged by fire-fighting or other equipment,” he said. [aside postID=news_11958011 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/CalMattersDelta01-1020x680.jpg'] Bratcher said his agency is trying to build trust with tribal communities. Gegere Brochini with the Miwuk Nation said she is glad the state’s fire department and other agencies are now actively engaging Indigenous people to clean up after wildfires burn through. She was involved in the cleanup effort after the Oak Fire. “I did a cultural resource spot check to make sure the remains of ancient village sites were protected from the dozers,” said Gegere Brochini. “Otherwise they doze everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tara Fouch-Moore said the removal of Indigenous peoples from their lands makes it hard for traditions like cultural burning to thrive because out of context, these practices lose their meaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, we can share our songs despite climate change, and yes, we can learn how to process acorn,” she said. “But it needs to be whole and within the landscape to really, truly understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation has been working for years with the National Park Service to rebuild \u003ca href=\"https://www.southernsierramiwuknation.org/wahhoga\">Wahhoga\u003c/a>, a village tribal ancestors once occupied in the Yosemite Valley. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Tara Fouch-Moore, member, Southern Sierra Miwuk tribal council\"]‘That’s how you preserve cultural heritage. By making sure people are still living it.’[/pullquote] “We’re building our umachas, which are the bark houses. We are building our roundhouse and we’re going to have that area to do our ceremonies and our cultural events,” said Fouch-Moore. She expects the project to be completed within the next few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fouch-Moore said Wahhoga will enable her people to tell their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how you preserve cultural heritage,” she said. “By making sure people are still living it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Oak Fire scorched over 30 square miles west of Yosemite National Park last summer and was devastating to Indigenous tribes like the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1695253856,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1181},"headData":{"title":"A Northern California Tribe Protects Traditions Amid Wildfire Challenges | KQED","description":"The Oak Fire scorched over 30 square miles west of Yosemite National Park last summer and was devastating to Indigenous tribes like the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"A Northern California Tribe Protects Traditions Amid Wildfire Challenges","datePublished":"2023-09-20T20:36:16.000Z","dateModified":"2023-09-20T23:50:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1113762078/chloe-veltman\">Chloe Veltman\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11961878/northern-california-tribe-protects-traditions-wildfire-climate-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Oak Fire, which burned roughly 20,000 acres west of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/index.htm\">Yosemite National Park\u003c/a> last summer, was devastating to the area’s Indigenous tribes — including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.southernsierramiwuknation.org/\">Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation\u003c/a>. The tribe is headquartered in Mariposa, California, a small town in the Sierra Nevada foothills close to the national park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really hit our community hard,” said Tara Fouch-Moore, a member of the Southern Sierra Miwuk’s tribal council. “We lost 127 households.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oak Fire destroyed much more than property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These super fires, they burn so hot,” said Jazzmyn Gegere Brochini, the tribe’s cultural resource preservation manager. “The Oak Fire disintegrated absolutely everything in its path.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change brought on by the burning of fossil fuels has exacerbated, in part, the frequency and intensity of wildfires. Such catastrophic fires have decimated culturally significant sites and treasures, raising questions about how to best protect them for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s something the Southern Sierra Miwuk have had to grapple with. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘These super fires, they burn so hot. The Oak Fire disintegrated absolutely everything in its path.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jazzmyn Gegere Brochini, cultural resource preservation manager, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Gegere Brochini and Fouch-Moore said traditional plants like elderberry, deergrass and sedge used in native cooking, medicine and basket-making were destroyed by the Oak Fire — along with more permanent physical structures, such as the many milling stations carved into the bedrock by ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Miwuk people have used these indentations in the rocks to grind traditional medicines and foods like acorns for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And to think that something that has withstood the test of time for millennia can be destroyed by one fire sweeping through, is a sign that something is changing, and something devastating is happening,” said Fouch-Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cultural heritage and climate change closely intertwined\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Indigenous communities have long understood cultural heritage encompasses more than historic buildings and museum artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s also the knowledge of how to find food and how to survive or make art,” said Fouch-Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s how we coexist with the land and manage it,” said Anthony Lerma, the Southern Sierra Miwuk’s stewardship coordinator. “It’s the native way of life.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11957413","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> The tribe’s firsthand experience of the impact of climate change on cultural traditions has been compounded by displacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yosemite Valley used to be populated by Indigenous peoples, including the Southern Sierra Miwuk. “In the middle of the 1800s, as Yosemite started to be ‘discovered’ by settlers, they began to push the Indigenous tribes out,” said Cicely Muldoon, the superintendent of Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government designated the area as a national park in 1890 to protect its \u003cem>natural\u003c/em> treasures. But the \u003cem>cultural\u003c/em> ones didn’t fare so well: Muldoon said the few remaining Indigenous homes were razed in 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the last permanent occupation by the first people of Yosemite still living in their ancestral homelands,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Loss of place, loss of culture\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With the loss of their homelands came the loss of their cultural heritage, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/21/904600242/managing-wildfire-through-cultural-burning\">long tradition of managing forest fires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the first things the government outlawed was cultural burning,” said the Southern Sierra Miwuk’s Lerma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11961890\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11961890 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A forest is left barren with charred tree trunks amid a gray clouded sky and burned earth.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1708\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/GettyImages-1242099861-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A forest is left decimated by the Oak Fire near Mariposa, on July 24, 2022. More than 2,000 firefighters backed by 17 helicopters were deployed against the wildfire. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State officials made this tribal practice of igniting small fires illegal in 1850. The years of fire suppression that followed have made wildfires worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Smokey the Bear’ all over the place,” said Fouch-Moore. “And now our forests are overgrown and in bad health. And they’re like, ‘Oh wait, maybe we should let the Indians do their thing.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, the National Park Service and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) have started to collaborate with Indigenous communities to return \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/13/902073784/california-teaming-up-with-native-american-tribes-to-prevent-wildfires\">traditional burning\u003c/a> to the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of local tribes have helped to set prescribed burns in Yosemite National Park, among other wooded areas. The process involves rubbing pieces of wood together to generate sparks instead of using modern drip torches.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8F5UgpE5szA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8F5UgpE5szA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“Tribal representatives help us identify and protect important cultural sites during a wildfire,” said Gregg Bratcher, deputy chief of CAL FIRE’s prescribed fire program. The agency worked with the Southern Sierra Miwuk and other tribes on the cleanup effort after last year’s Oak Fire. “We work with them to ensure these sites are not damaged by fire-fighting or other equipment,” he said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11958011","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/CalMattersDelta01-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Bratcher said his agency is trying to build trust with tribal communities. Gegere Brochini with the Miwuk Nation said she is glad the state’s fire department and other agencies are now actively engaging Indigenous people to clean up after wildfires burn through. She was involved in the cleanup effort after the Oak Fire. “I did a cultural resource spot check to make sure the remains of ancient village sites were protected from the dozers,” said Gegere Brochini. “Otherwise they doze everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tara Fouch-Moore said the removal of Indigenous peoples from their lands makes it hard for traditions like cultural burning to thrive because out of context, these practices lose their meaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, we can share our songs despite climate change, and yes, we can learn how to process acorn,” she said. “But it needs to be whole and within the landscape to really, truly understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation has been working for years with the National Park Service to rebuild \u003ca href=\"https://www.southernsierramiwuknation.org/wahhoga\">Wahhoga\u003c/a>, a village tribal ancestors once occupied in the Yosemite Valley. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘That’s how you preserve cultural heritage. By making sure people are still living it.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Tara Fouch-Moore, member, Southern Sierra Miwuk tribal council","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> “We’re building our umachas, which are the bark houses. We are building our roundhouse and we’re going to have that area to do our ceremonies and our cultural events,” said Fouch-Moore. She expects the project to be completed within the next few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fouch-Moore said Wahhoga will enable her people to tell their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how you preserve cultural heritage,” she said. “By making sure people are still living it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11961878/northern-california-tribe-protects-traditions-wildfire-climate-change","authors":["byline_news_11961878"],"categories":["news_31795","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_31791","news_20341","news_255","news_21301","news_33224","news_5930","news_33225","news_4747","news_33226","news_30174","news_31753","news_4337","news_4746"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11961884","label":"news_253"},"news_11960130":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11960130","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11960130","score":null,"sort":[1694010623000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"4-things-about-californias-wildfire-smoke-climate-change","title":"4 Things to Know About California's Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change","publishDate":1694010623,"format":"standard","headTitle":"4 Things to Know About California’s Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Wildfires and climate change are locked in a vicious circle: Fires worsen climate change — and climate change worsens fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/6-graphics-explain-climate-feedback-loop-fueling-us-fires\">those at the World Resources Institute\u003c/a>, have been increasingly sounding the alarm about this feedback loop, warning that fires don’t burn in isolation — they produce greenhouse gases that, in turn, create warmer and drier conditions that ignite more frequent and intense fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, wildfire smoke prompted another round of unhealthy air quality in California. Fires in Oregon and Northern California sent smoke into Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s a global nightmare: This summer, world temperatures hit an \u003ca href=\"https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/july-2023-confirmed-hottest-month-record#:~:text=The%20global%20average%20temperature%20for,previous%20warmest%20month%2C%20July%202019.\">all-time high\u003c/a>, the worst U.S. wildfire in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/maui-deadliest-fires-us-history-507273968474a03bec332f42d10a018b\">more than a century\u003c/a> devastated Maui, a deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/29/greece-wildfire-declared-largest-ever-recorded-in-eu\">fire in Greece\u003c/a> was declared Europe’s largest ever, and swaths of the Midwest and Northeast have been blanketed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/30/us/air-quality-wildfires-smoke-forecast.html\">by smoke\u003c/a> from Canada’s forest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s most intense wildfire months approach, the volume of greenhouse gases they emit is expected to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB397\">bill\u003c/a> by Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/bill-essayli-1985/\">Bill Essayli\u003c/a>, a Republican from Riverside, introduced this year would have required the state to count wildfire emissions in its efforts to reduce statewide greenhouse gases. But the bill didn’t get far: It was defeated in committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are answers to some of the key questions raised by the symbiotic relationship between wildfires and climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening to carbon emissions as wildfires worsen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists around the world are trying to quantify just how much wildfires contribute to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California wildfires sent an estimated 9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, according to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/inventory/Wildfire%20Emission%20Estimates%20for%202022%20%28ADA%29.pdf\">California Air Resources Board estimates (PDF)\u003c/a>. That’s equivalent to the emissions of about 1.9 million cars in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, California’s wildfires were its second-largest source of greenhouse gases, after transportation, according to a study published \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#!\">last year\u003c/a>. The researchers from UCLA and the University of Chicago concluded that the 2020 wildfires increased overall emissions by about 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When forests burn, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released into the air. It’s considered part of a natural cycle, with plants absorbing and then releasing the chemicals into the air over time. But experts say the increasing frequency of fires might be \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/frequently-asked-questions-wildfire-emissions\">throwing this cycle out of balance\u003c/a>.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Char Miller, environmental professor, Pomona College\"]‘Where does that carbon go? It goes up into the atmosphere, it circles all around the globe, it’s affecting all of us.’[/pullquote]Emissions this year from Canada’s forests have shattered records, according to the European Union’s Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Last year, carbon dioxide from boreal forests — the world’s northernmost forests, which span vast swaths of Canada and Alaska — hit a record high, UC Irvine researchers reported in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade0805\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires in these northern latitudes are of deep concern to researchers, as those forests historically were too cold to experience significant burns. They are incredibly dense and emit methane from the permafrost that lies beneath them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are forests that haven’t burned, not just in decades but probably centuries,” said Char Miller, an environmental professor at Pomona College in Claremont. “Where does that carbon go? It goes up into the atmosphere, it circles all around the globe, it’s affecting all of us. It’s both symbolic and I think really significant. The coldest part of the planet is also exploding in fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, wildfires emit methane, which is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://eos.org/articles/as-wildfires-grow-so-could-methane-emissions\">study published earlier this summer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will wildfire smoke derail the state’s climate goals?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Researchers are increasingly calling attention to how forest fires might be eroding \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#bbib30\">the state’s climate goals\u003c/a>, with UCLA scientists describing the state’s efforts as “up in smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Jerrett, a professor at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, said nearly two decades worth of emission reductions from power plants were threatened by the 2020 fires, which included some of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-wildfire-map-tracker/\">largest and most destructive fires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, the positive impact of all that hard work over almost two decades is at risk of being swept aside by the smoke produced in a single year of record-breaking wildfires,” Jerrett said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://aqrc.ucdavis.edu/news/how-much-problem-co2-emitted-ca-wildfires\">Some experts\u003c/a> say carbon emissions from wildfires are not much of a concern — that the carbon captured by trees, brush and grasses already exists in the atmosphere so its release during fires is part of a natural cycle. As a result, they say, those emissions shouldn’t be considered net contributors to climate change.[aside postID=news_11959515 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230829-POWER-LINES-Getty-JS-KQED-1020x669.jpg']“These are distractions from the real issue which is that we need to generate a lot more renewable energy to displace our use of fossil fuels,” Anthony Wexler, director of the Air Quality Research Center at UC Davis, wrote to CalMatters in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, some experts say carbon is carbon — and that it all contributes to climate change. Jerrett and the other authors of the UCLA report \u003ca href=\"https://news.uchicago.edu/story/wildfires-are-erasing-californias-climate-gains-research-shows\">said\u003c/a> wildfire emissions should be a bigger part of California’s climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, the California Air Resources Board estimates emissions from wildfires, but it doesn’t count them against greenhouse gas targets for 2030. The targets are based only on gases produced by industries, energy, transportation \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ghg-inventory-program\">and other human sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://a66.asmdc.org/press-releases/20220916-governor-newsom-signs-assemblymember-muratsuchis-ab-1279-california-climate\">signed into law\u003c/a> a requirement that the state achieve net-zero emissions as quickly as possible, no later than 2045. That mandate means the state will have to ultimately consider the roles of natural and working lands, said David Clegern, an air board spokesman. However, some wildfires are “part of the natural cycle and should not count against targets,” Clegern wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern said “It’s difficult to know” how much carbon from wildfires “might reduce the effectiveness of the state’s climate programs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s because, to a certain extent, wildfire smoke is part of a natural carbon cycle. … We cannot yet draw a bright line to accurately measure that impact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he said scaling back fossil fuels has to be California’s priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is working on reducing wildfire in an all-hands-on-deck manner, but we won’t really fix the problem until we quit pumping more fossil fuel emissions into the atmosphere,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the state plan to deal with carbon from fires?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State officials say restoring the health of forests and taking steps to make sure they are more resilient to fires will result in fewer wildfires and fewer climate-changing emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board models project that natural and working lands — forests, rangelands, urban green spaces, wetlands and farms — will be a net source of emissions through 2045, while at the same time these lands will experience a decrease in the trees, shrubbery, soil and other natural features that naturally sequester carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the proper management of these undeveloped lands will be important in the coming two decades. More than half of California’s forestland is managed by the federal government, and the Newsom administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/08/04/governor-newsom-u-s-agriculture-secretary-vilsack-and-forest-service-chief-moore-discuss-state-federal-efforts-to-build-wildfire-resilience/#:~:text=Last%20year%2C%20the%20Newsom%20Administration,the%20risk%20of%20catastrophic%20wildfire.\">announced\u003c/a> in 2021 that it was working with the Biden administration to better manage forests and build fire resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02.jpg\" alt=\"The San Francisco skyline is illuminated in a burnt, orange smog during wildfire season.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisco skyline in the distance behind Crissy Field is barely visible due to smoke from wildfires burning across California on Sept. 9, 2020. Researchers say smoke from wildfires accounted for up to half of all small-particle air pollution in parts of the western U.S. in recent years. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These lands can be part of the climate solution, but we need to increase our efforts to reduce their emissions and improve their ability to store carbon into the future,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burning forests might be complicating the state’s climate goals in other ways, too. California’s carbon offset market has been threatened by out-of-state wildfires, the online publication Grist reported, because the state awards \u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/wildfires/california-forests-carbon-offsets-reduce-emissions/\">credits\u003c/a> to companies that maintain forests elsewhere to store carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about the impact of smog and soot?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised-2019-chapters-1-3.pdf\">toxic (PDF),\u003c/a> containing substances such as carbon monoxide and benzene, a carcinogen. Smoke’s tiny particles of soot are considered its most hazardous ingredient since they can enter airways, lodge in the lungs and trigger asthma or heart attacks. Local air quality districts regularly send out warnings in California when wildfires spread smoke, sometimes hundreds of miles from the fires.[aside label='More on Wildfires' tag='wildfire']Smoke may be negating some of California’s hard-fought \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/22/climate/wildfire-smoke-pollution.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share\">clean-air gains\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://epic.uchicago.edu/insights/wildfire-ravaged-california-is-home-to-29-of-the-top-30-most-polluted-counties/\">report\u003c/a> last year by the Energy Policy Institute of Chicago found that some California counties were more polluted than they were in 1970. In 2020, more than half of California counties experienced their worst air pollution since 1998, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s air quality agencies do not have to consider wildfire smoke when they outline plans to attain health standards for air pollutants, such as fine particles and ozone. That’s because fires are considered “exceptional events” under the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though the frequency of wildfires is increasing, we have no reason to believe that (U.S.) EPA will change how wildfire emissions are treated under the exceptional events process,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, concern about the impact of smoke on communities is growing. Nitrogen oxides, which form smog, appear to be increasing in rural areas — largely due to wildfires, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acec5f\">recent UC Davis study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go to these remote forests — which are predominantly in the north and the Sierras in the south — what you find is that there’s this large increase,” said study co-author \u003ca href=\"https://lawr.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/faloona-ian\">Ian Faloona\u003c/a>, a UC Davis bio-micro-meteorologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Every year, California wildfires emit as much carbon as almost 2 million cars, posing a threat to efforts to battle climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694044006,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1763},"headData":{"title":"4 Things to Know About California's Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change | KQED","description":"Every year, California wildfires emit as much carbon as almost 2 million cars, posing a threat to efforts to battle climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"4 Things to Know About California's Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change","datePublished":"2023-09-06T14:30:23.000Z","dateModified":"2023-09-06T23:46:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/alejandro-lazo/\">Alejandro Lazo\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11960130/4-things-about-californias-wildfire-smoke-climate-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfires and climate change are locked in a vicious circle: Fires worsen climate change — and climate change worsens fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/6-graphics-explain-climate-feedback-loop-fueling-us-fires\">those at the World Resources Institute\u003c/a>, have been increasingly sounding the alarm about this feedback loop, warning that fires don’t burn in isolation — they produce greenhouse gases that, in turn, create warmer and drier conditions that ignite more frequent and intense fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, wildfire smoke prompted another round of unhealthy air quality in California. Fires in Oregon and Northern California sent smoke into Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s a global nightmare: This summer, world temperatures hit an \u003ca href=\"https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/july-2023-confirmed-hottest-month-record#:~:text=The%20global%20average%20temperature%20for,previous%20warmest%20month%2C%20July%202019.\">all-time high\u003c/a>, the worst U.S. wildfire in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/maui-deadliest-fires-us-history-507273968474a03bec332f42d10a018b\">more than a century\u003c/a> devastated Maui, a deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/29/greece-wildfire-declared-largest-ever-recorded-in-eu\">fire in Greece\u003c/a> was declared Europe’s largest ever, and swaths of the Midwest and Northeast have been blanketed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/30/us/air-quality-wildfires-smoke-forecast.html\">by smoke\u003c/a> from Canada’s forest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s most intense wildfire months approach, the volume of greenhouse gases they emit is expected to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB397\">bill\u003c/a> by Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/bill-essayli-1985/\">Bill Essayli\u003c/a>, a Republican from Riverside, introduced this year would have required the state to count wildfire emissions in its efforts to reduce statewide greenhouse gases. But the bill didn’t get far: It was defeated in committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are answers to some of the key questions raised by the symbiotic relationship between wildfires and climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening to carbon emissions as wildfires worsen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists around the world are trying to quantify just how much wildfires contribute to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California wildfires sent an estimated 9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, according to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/inventory/Wildfire%20Emission%20Estimates%20for%202022%20%28ADA%29.pdf\">California Air Resources Board estimates (PDF)\u003c/a>. That’s equivalent to the emissions of about 1.9 million cars in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, California’s wildfires were its second-largest source of greenhouse gases, after transportation, according to a study published \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#!\">last year\u003c/a>. The researchers from UCLA and the University of Chicago concluded that the 2020 wildfires increased overall emissions by about 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When forests burn, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released into the air. It’s considered part of a natural cycle, with plants absorbing and then releasing the chemicals into the air over time. But experts say the increasing frequency of fires might be \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/frequently-asked-questions-wildfire-emissions\">throwing this cycle out of balance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Where does that carbon go? It goes up into the atmosphere, it circles all around the globe, it’s affecting all of us.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Char Miller, environmental professor, Pomona College","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Emissions this year from Canada’s forests have shattered records, according to the European Union’s Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Last year, carbon dioxide from boreal forests — the world’s northernmost forests, which span vast swaths of Canada and Alaska — hit a record high, UC Irvine researchers reported in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade0805\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires in these northern latitudes are of deep concern to researchers, as those forests historically were too cold to experience significant burns. They are incredibly dense and emit methane from the permafrost that lies beneath them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are forests that haven’t burned, not just in decades but probably centuries,” said Char Miller, an environmental professor at Pomona College in Claremont. “Where does that carbon go? It goes up into the atmosphere, it circles all around the globe, it’s affecting all of us. It’s both symbolic and I think really significant. The coldest part of the planet is also exploding in fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, wildfires emit methane, which is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://eos.org/articles/as-wildfires-grow-so-could-methane-emissions\">study published earlier this summer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will wildfire smoke derail the state’s climate goals?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Researchers are increasingly calling attention to how forest fires might be eroding \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#bbib30\">the state’s climate goals\u003c/a>, with UCLA scientists describing the state’s efforts as “up in smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Jerrett, a professor at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, said nearly two decades worth of emission reductions from power plants were threatened by the 2020 fires, which included some of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-wildfire-map-tracker/\">largest and most destructive fires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, the positive impact of all that hard work over almost two decades is at risk of being swept aside by the smoke produced in a single year of record-breaking wildfires,” Jerrett said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://aqrc.ucdavis.edu/news/how-much-problem-co2-emitted-ca-wildfires\">Some experts\u003c/a> say carbon emissions from wildfires are not much of a concern — that the carbon captured by trees, brush and grasses already exists in the atmosphere so its release during fires is part of a natural cycle. As a result, they say, those emissions shouldn’t be considered net contributors to climate change.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11959515","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230829-POWER-LINES-Getty-JS-KQED-1020x669.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“These are distractions from the real issue which is that we need to generate a lot more renewable energy to displace our use of fossil fuels,” Anthony Wexler, director of the Air Quality Research Center at UC Davis, wrote to CalMatters in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, some experts say carbon is carbon — and that it all contributes to climate change. Jerrett and the other authors of the UCLA report \u003ca href=\"https://news.uchicago.edu/story/wildfires-are-erasing-californias-climate-gains-research-shows\">said\u003c/a> wildfire emissions should be a bigger part of California’s climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, the California Air Resources Board estimates emissions from wildfires, but it doesn’t count them against greenhouse gas targets for 2030. The targets are based only on gases produced by industries, energy, transportation \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ghg-inventory-program\">and other human sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://a66.asmdc.org/press-releases/20220916-governor-newsom-signs-assemblymember-muratsuchis-ab-1279-california-climate\">signed into law\u003c/a> a requirement that the state achieve net-zero emissions as quickly as possible, no later than 2045. That mandate means the state will have to ultimately consider the roles of natural and working lands, said David Clegern, an air board spokesman. However, some wildfires are “part of the natural cycle and should not count against targets,” Clegern wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern said “It’s difficult to know” how much carbon from wildfires “might reduce the effectiveness of the state’s climate programs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s because, to a certain extent, wildfire smoke is part of a natural carbon cycle. … We cannot yet draw a bright line to accurately measure that impact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he said scaling back fossil fuels has to be California’s priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is working on reducing wildfire in an all-hands-on-deck manner, but we won’t really fix the problem until we quit pumping more fossil fuel emissions into the atmosphere,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the state plan to deal with carbon from fires?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State officials say restoring the health of forests and taking steps to make sure they are more resilient to fires will result in fewer wildfires and fewer climate-changing emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board models project that natural and working lands — forests, rangelands, urban green spaces, wetlands and farms — will be a net source of emissions through 2045, while at the same time these lands will experience a decrease in the trees, shrubbery, soil and other natural features that naturally sequester carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the proper management of these undeveloped lands will be important in the coming two decades. More than half of California’s forestland is managed by the federal government, and the Newsom administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/08/04/governor-newsom-u-s-agriculture-secretary-vilsack-and-forest-service-chief-moore-discuss-state-federal-efforts-to-build-wildfire-resilience/#:~:text=Last%20year%2C%20the%20Newsom%20Administration,the%20risk%20of%20catastrophic%20wildfire.\">announced\u003c/a> in 2021 that it was working with the Biden administration to better manage forests and build fire resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02.jpg\" alt=\"The San Francisco skyline is illuminated in a burnt, orange smog during wildfire season.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisco skyline in the distance behind Crissy Field is barely visible due to smoke from wildfires burning across California on Sept. 9, 2020. Researchers say smoke from wildfires accounted for up to half of all small-particle air pollution in parts of the western U.S. in recent years. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These lands can be part of the climate solution, but we need to increase our efforts to reduce their emissions and improve their ability to store carbon into the future,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burning forests might be complicating the state’s climate goals in other ways, too. California’s carbon offset market has been threatened by out-of-state wildfires, the online publication Grist reported, because the state awards \u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/wildfires/california-forests-carbon-offsets-reduce-emissions/\">credits\u003c/a> to companies that maintain forests elsewhere to store carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about the impact of smog and soot?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised-2019-chapters-1-3.pdf\">toxic (PDF),\u003c/a> containing substances such as carbon monoxide and benzene, a carcinogen. Smoke’s tiny particles of soot are considered its most hazardous ingredient since they can enter airways, lodge in the lungs and trigger asthma or heart attacks. Local air quality districts regularly send out warnings in California when wildfires spread smoke, sometimes hundreds of miles from the fires.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Wildfires ","tag":"wildfire"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Smoke may be negating some of California’s hard-fought \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/22/climate/wildfire-smoke-pollution.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share\">clean-air gains\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://epic.uchicago.edu/insights/wildfire-ravaged-california-is-home-to-29-of-the-top-30-most-polluted-counties/\">report\u003c/a> last year by the Energy Policy Institute of Chicago found that some California counties were more polluted than they were in 1970. In 2020, more than half of California counties experienced their worst air pollution since 1998, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s air quality agencies do not have to consider wildfire smoke when they outline plans to attain health standards for air pollutants, such as fine particles and ozone. That’s because fires are considered “exceptional events” under the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though the frequency of wildfires is increasing, we have no reason to believe that (U.S.) EPA will change how wildfire emissions are treated under the exceptional events process,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, concern about the impact of smoke on communities is growing. Nitrogen oxides, which form smog, appear to be increasing in rural areas — largely due to wildfires, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acec5f\">recent UC Davis study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go to these remote forests — which are predominantly in the north and the Sierras in the south — what you find is that there’s this large increase,” said study co-author \u003ca href=\"https://lawr.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/faloona-ian\">Ian Faloona\u003c/a>, a UC Davis bio-micro-meteorologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11960130/4-things-about-californias-wildfire-smoke-climate-change","authors":["byline_news_11960130"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_23716","news_20419","news_4337"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11960134","label":"news_18481"},"news_11958312":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11958312","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11958312","score":null,"sort":[1692211249000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"head-fire-near-oregon-border-forces-evacuations","title":"Head Fire Near Oregon Border Forces Evacuations","publishDate":1692211249,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Head Fire Near Oregon Border Forces Evacuations | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Rural areas near California’s border with Oregon were under evacuation orders Wednesday after gusty winds from a thunderstorm sent a lightning-sparked wildfire racing through national forest lands, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze in Siskiyou County, dubbed the Head Fire, was one of at least 20 fires — most of them tiny — that erupted in the Klamath National Forest as thunderstorms brought lightning and downdrafts that drove the flames through timber and rural lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been a fire that has moved extremely quickly,” Forest Supervisor Rachel Smith told The Associated Press. “Just in a matter of a couple of minutes yesterday afternoon the fire grew from just 50 acres to nearly 1,500 acres. This is the kind of growth that historically we have not experienced on our forest prior to the last couple of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An overflight late Tuesday measured the fire at 4.2 square miles, slightly smaller than initial estimates after it grew rapidly in just a few hours. A forest statement said fire behavior also decreased during the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters were working to protect homes near the confluence of the Scott and Klamath rivers, a very lightly populated area about 20 miles from the California-Oregon state line and about 50 miles northwest of Mt. Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There weren’t any immediate reports of injuries or homes burned Tuesday night. However, the Siskiyou County Sheriff’s Office issued evacuation orders for several areas, including one south of Hamburg, a riverside community of around 100 people. Additional areas were warned to be ready to evacuate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Route 96 was also closed, along with a section of the Pacific Crest Trail north to the Oregon border. Smith said there were dozens and possibly hundreds of hikers on the trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re asking those folks to leave it as quickly as they can and we’re providing resources to get them off the trail,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">⚠️HEAD FIRE SHELTER UPDATES ⚠️\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelters are available at the following locations for those who have been displaced due to the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/HEADFIRE?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#HEADFIRE\u003c/a>:\u003cbr>\nKahtishraam Wellness Center – Yreka\u003cbr>\n1403 Kahtishraam, Yreka, CA 96097\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karuk Wellness Center – Happy Camp\u003cbr>\n357 Jacobs Way, Happy Camp, CA 96039 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/ZJO3S9bkxF\">pic.twitter.com/ZJO3S9bkxF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Siskiyou County OES (@SiskiyouOES) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SiskiyouOES/status/1691825370478305728?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 16, 2023\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">🚨HEAD FIRE EVACUATIONS UPDATE 🚨\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>🚨EVACUATION ORDER for zone(s):\u003cbr>\n– 𝗭𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗦𝗜𝗦-1236, 1120, 1117, 1007\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>⚠️EVACUATION WARNING(S):\u003cbr>\n– 𝗭𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗦𝗜𝗦-1010, 1123, 3502, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1233, 1230-A, 1230-B, 1114, 1004\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More details here: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/eLaA73Z4oN\">https://t.co/eLaA73Z4oN\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/dapinQXseb\">pic.twitter.com/dapinQXseb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Siskiyou County Sheriff (@SiskiyouSheriff) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SiskiyouSheriff/status/1691643933846294861?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 16, 2023\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Head Fire was burning near \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-fires-california-56690ce338be4d983ea619f240777022\">the site of the McKinney Fire\u003c/a>, which began on July 29 of last year. That fire started in the Klamath National Forest and exploded in size when a thunderstorm created winds up to 50 mph. It reduced much of Klamath River, a scenic community of about 200 people, to ash and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-science-fires-california-climate-and-environment-8e2e85f836d819b2ab808ab542c53e7f\">killed four people\u003c/a>, including two who may have been trying to flee the flames. Their bodies were found inside a charred vehicle in the driveway of a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters said weather would continue to be hot and dry but with instability caused by moist air being pulled into the region, bringing the threat of afternoon and evening dry thunderstorms with strong outflow winds. That pattern was expected to break down on Thursday, with cooler and calmer weather entering the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klamath National Forest sprawls over more than 2,650 square miles in Northern California and southern Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slew of other lightning-caused fires were reported Tuesday in Northern California, including in Mendocino County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest and the Tahoe area, although most were small and quickly contained, fire officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SiskiyouAugustLightningComplex?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SiskiyouAugustLightningComplex\u003c/a> -(Update) Fires are actively burning in timber. Currently, the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/WhiteFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#WhiteFire\u003c/a> is 150 acres; \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/RanchFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#RanchFire\u003c/a> is 400, and the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/LongFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#LongFire\u003c/a> is 30. Steep, inaccessible terrain and narrow winding roads continue to challenge firefighters. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CALFIRESKU2023?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CALFIRESKU2023\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/a8GvrQSffb\">pic.twitter.com/a8GvrQSffb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CAL FIRE SKU (@CALFIRESKU) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIRESKU/status/1691705083103228171?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 16, 2023\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Head Fire in Siskiyou County was one of at least 19 fires — most of them tiny — that erupted in the Klamath National Forest as thunderstorms rolled through the area.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1692217698,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":695},"headData":{"title":"Head Fire Near Oregon Border Forces Evacuations | KQED","description":"The Head Fire in Siskiyou County was one of at least 19 fires — most of them tiny — that erupted in the Klamath National Forest as thunderstorms rolled through the area.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Head Fire Near Oregon Border Forces Evacuations","datePublished":"2023-08-16T18:40:49.000Z","dateModified":"2023-08-16T20:28:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11958312/head-fire-near-oregon-border-forces-evacuations","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rural areas near California’s border with Oregon were under evacuation orders Wednesday after gusty winds from a thunderstorm sent a lightning-sparked wildfire racing through national forest lands, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze in Siskiyou County, dubbed the Head Fire, was one of at least 20 fires — most of them tiny — that erupted in the Klamath National Forest as thunderstorms brought lightning and downdrafts that drove the flames through timber and rural lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been a fire that has moved extremely quickly,” Forest Supervisor Rachel Smith told The Associated Press. “Just in a matter of a couple of minutes yesterday afternoon the fire grew from just 50 acres to nearly 1,500 acres. This is the kind of growth that historically we have not experienced on our forest prior to the last couple of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An overflight late Tuesday measured the fire at 4.2 square miles, slightly smaller than initial estimates after it grew rapidly in just a few hours. A forest statement said fire behavior also decreased during the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters were working to protect homes near the confluence of the Scott and Klamath rivers, a very lightly populated area about 20 miles from the California-Oregon state line and about 50 miles northwest of Mt. Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There weren’t any immediate reports of injuries or homes burned Tuesday night. However, the Siskiyou County Sheriff’s Office issued evacuation orders for several areas, including one south of Hamburg, a riverside community of around 100 people. Additional areas were warned to be ready to evacuate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Route 96 was also closed, along with a section of the Pacific Crest Trail north to the Oregon border. Smith said there were dozens and possibly hundreds of hikers on the trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re asking those folks to leave it as quickly as they can and we’re providing resources to get them off the trail,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">⚠️HEAD FIRE SHELTER UPDATES ⚠️\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelters are available at the following locations for those who have been displaced due to the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/HEADFIRE?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#HEADFIRE\u003c/a>:\u003cbr>\nKahtishraam Wellness Center – Yreka\u003cbr>\n1403 Kahtishraam, Yreka, CA 96097\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karuk Wellness Center – Happy Camp\u003cbr>\n357 Jacobs Way, Happy Camp, CA 96039 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/ZJO3S9bkxF\">pic.twitter.com/ZJO3S9bkxF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Siskiyou County OES (@SiskiyouOES) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SiskiyouOES/status/1691825370478305728?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 16, 2023\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">🚨HEAD FIRE EVACUATIONS UPDATE 🚨\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>🚨EVACUATION ORDER for zone(s):\u003cbr>\n– 𝗭𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗦𝗜𝗦-1236, 1120, 1117, 1007\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>⚠️EVACUATION WARNING(S):\u003cbr>\n– 𝗭𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗦𝗜𝗦-1010, 1123, 3502, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1233, 1230-A, 1230-B, 1114, 1004\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More details here: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/eLaA73Z4oN\">https://t.co/eLaA73Z4oN\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/dapinQXseb\">pic.twitter.com/dapinQXseb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Siskiyou County Sheriff (@SiskiyouSheriff) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SiskiyouSheriff/status/1691643933846294861?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 16, 2023\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Head Fire was burning near \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-fires-california-56690ce338be4d983ea619f240777022\">the site of the McKinney Fire\u003c/a>, which began on July 29 of last year. That fire started in the Klamath National Forest and exploded in size when a thunderstorm created winds up to 50 mph. It reduced much of Klamath River, a scenic community of about 200 people, to ash and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-science-fires-california-climate-and-environment-8e2e85f836d819b2ab808ab542c53e7f\">killed four people\u003c/a>, including two who may have been trying to flee the flames. Their bodies were found inside a charred vehicle in the driveway of a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters said weather would continue to be hot and dry but with instability caused by moist air being pulled into the region, bringing the threat of afternoon and evening dry thunderstorms with strong outflow winds. That pattern was expected to break down on Thursday, with cooler and calmer weather entering the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klamath National Forest sprawls over more than 2,650 square miles in Northern California and southern Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slew of other lightning-caused fires were reported Tuesday in Northern California, including in Mendocino County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest and the Tahoe area, although most were small and quickly contained, fire officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SiskiyouAugustLightningComplex?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SiskiyouAugustLightningComplex\u003c/a> -(Update) Fires are actively burning in timber. Currently, the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/WhiteFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#WhiteFire\u003c/a> is 150 acres; \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/RanchFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#RanchFire\u003c/a> is 400, and the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/LongFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#LongFire\u003c/a> is 30. Steep, inaccessible terrain and narrow winding roads continue to challenge firefighters. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CALFIRESKU2023?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CALFIRESKU2023\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/a8GvrQSffb\">pic.twitter.com/a8GvrQSffb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CAL FIRE SKU (@CALFIRESKU) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIRESKU/status/1691705083103228171?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 16, 2023\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11958312/head-fire-near-oregon-border-forces-evacuations","authors":["byline_news_11958312"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_6383","news_33029","news_4337"],"featImg":"news_11958323","label":"news"},"news_11955457":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11955457","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11955457","score":null,"sort":[1689208263000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-fight-against-wildfires-turns-to-ai-drones-and-satellites","title":"California's Fight Against Wildfires Turns to AI, Drones and Satellites","publishDate":1689208263,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Fight Against Wildfires Turns to AI, Drones and Satellites | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11954879/how-californias-firefighter-union-could-get-guaranteed-raises-forever\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> Battalion Chief Jon Heggie wasn’t expecting much to worry about when a late summer fire erupted north of Santa Cruz, home to California’s moist and cool “asbestos forests.” This place doesn’t burn, he thought, with just three notable fires there in 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heggie’s job was to predict for the crews where the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/wildfires\">wildfire\u003c/a> might go and when, working through calculations based on topography, weather and fuels — the “immutable” basics. For fire behavior analysts like Heggie, predictable and familiar are manageable, while weird and unexpected are synonyms for danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that 2020 fire was anything but predictable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 3 a.m. on Aug. 16, ominous thunder cells formed over the region. Tens of thousands of lightning strikes rained down, creating a convulsion of fire that became the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/16/czu-lightning-complex-including-warnella-fire/\">CZU Lightning Complex\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By noon there were nearly two dozen fires burning, and not nearly enough people to handle them. Flames were roaring throughout the Coast Range in deep-shaded forests and waist-high ferns in sight of the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one had ever seen anything like it.\u003cem> \u003c/em>The blaze defied predictions and ran unchecked for a month. The fire spread to San Mateo County, burned through 86,000 acres, destroyed almost 1,500 structures and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/czu-lighting-complex-fire-victim-died-trying-to-flee-flames-6-rescued-while-trying-to-return-to-evacuated-homes/\">killed a fleeing resident\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was astonishing to see that behavior and consumption of heavy fuels,” Heggie said. “Seeing the devastation was mind-boggling. Things were burning outside the norm. I hadn’t seen anything burn that intensely in my 30 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost as troubling was what this fire \u003cem>didn’t\u003c/em> do — it didn’t back off at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would have burning periods increase in the afternoon, and we saw continuous high-intensity burns in the night,” Heggie said. “That’s when we are supposed to make up ground. That didn’t happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jon Heggie, battalion chief, Cal Fire\"]‘Seeing the devastation was mind-boggling. Things were burning outside the norm. I hadn’t seen anything burn that intensely in my 30 years.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That 2020 summer of fires, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/07/california-fires-2020/\">the worst in California history\u003c/a>, recalibrated what veteran firefighters understand about fire behavior: Nothing \u003cem>is\u003c/em> as it \u003cem>was.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intensified by climate change, especially warmer nights and longer droughts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-wildfires-explained/\">California’s fires often morph into megafires\u003c/a>, and even gigafires covering more than a million acres. U.S. wildfires have been \u003ca href=\"https://cires.colorado.edu/news/us-fires-four-times-larger-three-times-more-frequent-2000\">four times larger and three times more frequent\u003c/a> since 2000, according to University of Colorado researchers. And other scientists recently predicted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2213815120\">up to 52% more California forest acreage\u003c/a> will burn in summertime over the next two decades because of the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California now heads into its peak time for wildfires, even with last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/california-wildfires/2022/12/california-wildfires-2022/\">quiet season\u003c/a> and the end of its three-year drought, the specter of megafires hasn’t receded. Last winter’s record winter rains, rather than tamping down fire threats, have promoted lush growth, which provides more fuel for summer fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire officials warn that this year’s conditions are similar to the summer and fall of 2017 — when a rainy winter was followed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2017\">one of the state’s most destructive fire seasons\u003c/a>, killing 47 people and destroying almost 11,000 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955548\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955548 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"Pictured in a dark room with two, large LCD screens illuminated with maps displayed on them. Two people are observing the screens with one man pointing up toward the screen on the left.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Forest Service teams deploy drones to capture photographs and infrared images, which are used to map fires to find areas where flames are still active and where they might spread. \u003ccite>(Andrew Avitt/US Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s not just the size and power of modern wildfires, but their capricious behavior that has confounded fire veterans — the feints and shifts that bedevil efforts to predict what a fire might do and then devise strategies to stop it. It’s a dangerous calculation: In the literal heat of a fire, choices are consequential. People’s lives and livelihoods are at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire crews now often find themselves outflanked. Responding to larger and more erratic and intense fires requires more personnel and equipment. And staging crews and engines where flames are expected to go have been thrown off-kilter.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘We live in this new reality. … We’re enlisting cutting-edge technology in our efforts to fight wildfires, exploring how innovations like artificial intelligence can help us identify threats quicker and deploy resources smarter.’[/pullquote]“We live in this new reality,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said at a recent Cal Fire event, “where we can’t necessarily attach ourselves to some of the more predictive models of the past because of a world that is getting a lot hotter, a lot drier and a lot more uncertain because of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalFire has responded by tapping into all the new technology — such as drones, military satellites, infrared images and AI-assisted maps — that can be brought to bear during a fire. Commanders now must consider a broader range of possibilities so they can pivot when the firefront shifts in an unexpected way. The agency also has beefed up its ability to fight nighttime fires with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/what-we-do/fire-protection/aviation-program\">new fleet of Fire Hawk helicopters\u003c/a> equipped to fly in darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has thrown every possible data point at the problem with its year-old \u003ca href=\"https://fireforecast.caloes.ca.gov/\">Wildfire Threat and Intelligence Integration Center\u003c/a>, which pulls information from dozens of federal, state and private sources to create a minute-by-minute picture of conditions conducive to sparking or spreading fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re enlisting cutting-edge technology in our efforts to fight wildfires,” Newsom said, “exploring how innovations like artificial intelligence can help us identify threats quicker and deploy resources smarter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An unforeseen assault on a coastal town\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2017/12/4/thomas-fire/\">2017 Thomas Fire\u003c/a> stands as an example of what happens when a massive fire, ignited after a rainy winter, veers and shifts in unexpected ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze in coastal Ventura and Santa Barbara counties struck in December when fire season normally quieted down. Fire veterans knew fall and winter fires were tamed by a blanket of moist air and fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that didn’t happen.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Tim Chavez, assistant chief, Cal Fire\"]‘I looked at the maps and we both came to the conclusion that Carpinteria would be fine, don’t worry. Sure enough, that night it burned into Carpinteria and they had to evacuate the town.’[/pullquote]“We were on day five or six, and the incident commander comes to me and asks, ‘Are we going to have to evacuate Carpinteria tonight?’,” said Cal Fire Assistant Chief Tim Chavez, who was the fire behavior analyst for the Thomas Fire.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“I looked at the maps and we both came to the conclusion that Carpinteria would be fine, don’t worry. Sure enough, that night it burned into Carpinteria and they had to evacuate the town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on fire and weather data and informed hunches, no one expected the fire to continue advancing overnight. And, as the winds calmed, no one predicted the blaze would move toward the small seaside community of 13,000 south of Santa Barbara. But high temperatures, low humidity and a steep, dry landscape that hadn’t felt flames in more than 30 years drew the Thomas Fire to the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sudden shift put the town in peril. Some 300 residents were evacuated in the middle of the night as the blaze moved into the eastern edge of Carpinteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, the fire, which was sparked by power lines downed by high winds, \u003ca href=\"https://vcfd.org/news/vcfd-determines-cause-of-the-thomas-fire/\">burned for nearly 40 days\u003c/a>, spread across 281,000 acres, destroyed more than 1,000 homes and other buildings and killed two people, including a firefighter. At the time, it was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2017/12/23/us/thomas-fire-california/index.html\">largest wildfire\u003c/a> in California’s modern history; now, just six years later, it ranks at number eight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955543\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955543 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A wildfire rushes toward a mansion in Southern California with two palm trees seen in the home's backyard. The sky is black and the fire glows an ominous, bright orange and red.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Thomas Fire threatened homes near the 101 freeway in Ventura on Dec. 5, 2017. \u003ccite>(Jae C. Hong/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The unforeseen assault on Carpenteria was an I-told-you-so from nature, the sort of humbling slap-down that fire behavior analysts in California are experiencing more and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve learned more from being wrong than from being right,” Chavez said. “You cannot do this job and not be surprised by something you see. Even the small fires will surprise you sometimes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Warmer nights, drought and lack of fog alter fire behavior\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the past 20 years have brought a profound — and perhaps irreversible — \u003ca href=\"https://santamariatimes.com/photos-welcome-to-the-age-of-fire-california-wildfires-explained/collection_539ecbd3-827e-5387-aa14-518705d05980.html#1\">shift in the norms of wildfire behavior\u003c/a> and intensity. Fires burn along the coast even when there are no desert winds to drive them, fires refuse to lay down at night and fires pierced the so-called Redwood Curtain, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/04/big-basin-park-heals-wildfires/\">burning 97% of California’s oldest state park\u003c/a>, Big Basin Redwoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in wildfires are driven by an array of factors: a megadrought from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01290-z\">driest period recorded\u003c/a> in the Western U.S.\u003cem> \u003c/em>in the past 1,200 years, the loss of fog along the California coast, and stubborn nighttime temperatures that propel flames well into the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California's nighttime fire conditions have worsened\" aria-label=\"Map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-jyRUo\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/jyRUo/5/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"662\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher temperatures and longer dry periods are linked to worsening fires in Western forests, with an eightfold increase from 1985 to 2017 in severely burned acreage, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2020GL089858\">2020 study\u003c/a>. “Warmer and drier fire seasons corresponded with higher severity fire,” the researchers wrote, suggesting that “climate change will contribute to increased fire severity in future decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we are seeing is a dramatic increase in extreme fire behavior,” Heggie said. “When you have a drought lasting 10 years, devastating the landscape, you have dead fuel loading and available fuel for when these fires start. That’s the catalyst for megafire. That’s been the driving force for change in fire behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-11955555\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/Fire-Tornado_6.9.22-SIZED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/Fire-Tornado_6.9.22-SIZED.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/Fire-Tornado_6.9.22-SIZED-160x320.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/Fire-Tornado_6.9.22-SIZED-768x1536.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 33% of coastal summer fog has vanished since the turn of the century, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0915062107\">researchers at UC Berkeley\u003c/a>. That blanket of cool, moist air that kept major fires out of coastal areas can no longer be relied upon to safeguard California’s redwood forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters are losing another ally, too, with the significant increase in overnight temperatures. \u003ca href=\"https://cires.colorado.edu/news/hotter-drier-nights-mean-more-runaway-fires\">Nighttime fires\u003c/a> were about 28% more intense in 2020 than in 2003. And there are more of them — 11 more “flammable nights” every year than 40 years ago, an increase of more than 40%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot is that fires are increasingly less likely to “lie down” at night when fire crews could work to get ahead of the flames. The loss of those hours to perform critical suppression work — and the additional nighttime spread — gives California crews less time to catch up with fast-moving blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, fire whirls and so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2022/aug/11/firenado-sparked-by-hot-winds-and-wildfires-burns-in-california-video\">firenados\u003c/a> are more common as a feature of erratic fire behavior. The twisting vortex of flames, heat and wind can rise in columns hundreds of feet high and are spun by high winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firenados are more than frightening to behold: They spread embers and strew debris for miles and make already dangerous fires all the more risky. One was spotted \u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2022/08/11/brush-fire-sparks-firenado-southern-california/10303678002/\">north of Los Angeles\u003c/a> last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires are “really changing, and it’s a combination of all kinds of different changes,” said Jennifer Balch, director of the Environmental Data Science Innovation and Inclusion Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder and a longtime fire researcher who tracks trends that drive wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re losing fog. We’re seeing drier conditions longer and later into the season. And so what that means for California right now is, under these record heat waves, we’re also now butting up against the Santa Ana wind conditions,” she said. “I think we’re loading the dice in a certain direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A fire behaviorist’s routine\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among the many specialists at work are fire behavior analysts, who are responsible for predicting a fire’s daily movements for the incident commander. As a fire rages, Cal Fire analysts get their information in an avalanche of highly technical data, including wind force and direction, temperature and humidity, the shape and height of slopes, the area’s burn history, which fuels are on the ground and, in some cases, how likely they are to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gleaned from satellites, drones, planes, remote sensors and computer mapping, the information is spat out in real-time and triaged by the fire behavior analyst, who often uses a computer program to prepare models to predict what the fire is likely to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That information is synthesized and relayed — quickly — to fire bosses. Laptops and hand-held computers are ubiquitous on modern firelines, replacing the time-honored practice of spreading a dog-eared map on the hood of a truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a typical day I would get up at 4:30 or 5,” said Chavez, who has served as a fire behavior analyst for much of his career. “We get an infrared fire map from overnight aircraft, and that tells us where the fire is active. Other planes fly in a grid pattern and we look at those still images.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>I might look at computer models, fire spread models, and the weather forecast. There’s other data that tells you what fuels are in the area. You plug all that in to see where the fire will be 24 hours from now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the fire camp’s 8 a.m. briefing, “You get two minutes to tell people what to watch out for,” he said. Throughout the day, Chavez says he monitors available data and hitches a helicopter ride to view the fire from the air. At another meeting at 5 p.m., he and other officers prepare the next day’s incident action plan. Then he’s back to collating more weather and fire data. The aim is to get to bed before midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955545\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955545 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with blond hair and glasses stands in front of a white board that's covered in handwritten graphs and figures. It appears she's inside a classroom or lab.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘We’re losing fog. We’re seeing drier conditions longer and later into the season … I think we’re loading the dice in a certain direction,’ said Jennifer Balch, director of the Environmental Data Science Innovation and Inclusion Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder. \u003ccite>(Aaron Ontivaeroz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The importance of the fire behavior analyst’s job is reflected by the sophistication of the tools available: real-time NOAA satellite data, weather information from military flights, radar, computer-generated maps showing a 100-year history of previous burns in the area as well as the current fuel load and its combustibility, airplane and drone surveillance and AI-enabled models of future fire movements. Aircraft flying over fires provide more detail, faster, about what’s inside fire plumes, critical information to fire bosses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the National Guard is entering the fourth year of an agreement to share non-classified information pulled from military satellites that scan for heat signatures from the boost phase of ballistic missiles. When those heat images are associated with wildfires, the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/3223104/fireguard-program-enhances-national-guard-wildfire-fighting/\">FireGuard system\u003c/a> can transmit detailed information to Cal Fire every 15 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Craig Clements, director of the Fire Weather Research Laboratory at San Jose State University, has chased fires for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can pull up on a fire, and the radar starts spinning and you’re peering into a plume within four minutes,” Clements said. “It gives us information about the particles inside, the structure of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955546\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955546 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of a map of California and then a pop-up screen on top of the map shows coding in various colors.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map was produced by supercomputers at a lab at University of Colorado Boulder that is using metadata to better understand large wildfires and their increasingly erratic behavior. \u003ccite>(Aaron Ontivaeroz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fire behavior decisions are not totally reliant on outside data inputs. Seasoned fire commanders remain firmly committed to a reliable indicator: the hair on the back of their necks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fireline experience and hard-earned knowledge still count when formulating tactics. But it’s a measure of how norms have shifted that even institutional knowledge can fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Future of firefighting: AI crunches billions of data points\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the biggest leap is applying artificial intelligence to understand fire behavior. Neil Sahota, an AI adviser to the United Nations and a lecturer at UC Irvine, is developing systems to train a computer to review reams of data and come to a predictive conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is not to replace fire behavior analysts and jettison their decades of fireline experience, Sahota said, but to augment their work — and, mostly, to move much faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can crunch billions of different data points in near real-time, in seconds,” he said. “The challenge is, what’s the right data? We may think there are seven variables that go into a wildfire, for example. AI may come back saying there are thousands.”[aside label='More Stories on California Wildfires' tag='wildfires']In order for their information to be useful, computers have to be taught: What’s the difference between a Boy Scout campfire and a wildfire? How to distinguish between an arsonist starting a fire and a firefighter setting a backfire with a drip torch?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the dizzying speed at which devices have been employed on the modern fireline, most fire behavior computer models are still based on algorithms devised by Mark Finney, a revered figure in the field of fire science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.firelab.org/\">Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory\u003c/a> in Montana, Finney has studied fire behavior through observation and, especially, by starting all manner of fires in combustion chambers and in the field. In another lab in Missoula, scientists bake all types of wood in special ovens to determine how fuels burn at different moisture levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Finney is unimpressed by much of the sophisticated technology brought to bear on wildfires as they burn. He said it provides only an illusion of control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you are in a position to have to fight these extreme fires, you’ve already lost,” he said. “Don’t let anybody kid you, we do not suppress these fires, we don’t control them. We wait for the weather.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mark Finney, research forester, US Forest Service\"]‘Once you are in a position to have to fight these extreme fires, you’ve already lost. Don’t let anybody kid you, we do not suppress these fires, we don’t control them. We wait for the weather.’[/pullquote]The Missoula research group developed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.firelab.org/project/national-fire-danger-rating-system\">National Fire Danger Rating System\u003c/a> in 1972, which is still in place today. Among the fire behavior tools Finney designed is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/rmrs/tools/farsite\">FARSITE system\u003c/a>, a simulation of fire growth invaluable to frontline fire bosses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finney and colleagues are working on a next-generation version of the behavior prediction system, which is now undergoing real-world tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This equation has an awful lot of assumptions in it,” he said. “We’re getting there. Nature is a lot more complicated. There are still a number of mysteries on fire behavior. We don’t have a road map to follow that tells us that this is good enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far the best use of the predictive tools that he and others have developed is to learn how to \u003cem>avoid \u003c/em>firestarts, he said, by thinning and clearing forests to reduce the threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to tell you that the key to solving these problems is more research. But if we just stopped doing research and just use what we know, we’d be a lot better off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, research about fire behavior races on, driven by the belief that you can’t fight an enemy you don’t understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955547\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955547 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79.jpg\" alt=\"A man with a black and white checkered, button-up shirt, stands amid mountain and trees in Colorado.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Koontz is a postdoc researcher at University of Colorado Boulder who leads a project focusing on better understanding of California’s megafires to provide fire bosses the best information to fight fires. \u003ccite>(Aaron Ontivaeroz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://earthlab.colorado.edu/our-team/michael-koontz\">Mike Koontz\u003c/a> is on the front lines of that battle, tucked into a semicircle of supercomputers. Koontz leads a team of researchers in Boulder, Colo., studying a new, volatile and compelling topic: California megafires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We began to see a clear uptick in extreme fire behavior in California since the 2000s,” said Koontz, a postdoctoral researcher with the Earth Lab at University of Colorado Boulder. “We keyed in on fires that moved quickly and blew up over a short period of time.” California is a trove of extreme fires, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koontz is using supercomputers to scrape databases, maps and satellite images and apply the data to an analytical framework of his devising. The team tracks significant fires that grow unexpectedly, and layers in weather conditions, topography, fire spread rates and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What comes out is a rough sketch of the elements driving California’s fires to grow so large. The next hurdle is to get the information quickly into the hands of fire commanders, Koontz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal: if not a new bible for fighting fires, at least an updated playbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California is working with analysts and new technology to attack wildfires. From military satellites to infrared mapping, real-time data is triaged by fire behavior experts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1689208263,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/jyRUo/5/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":70,"wordCount":3637},"headData":{"title":"California's Fight Against Wildfires Turns to AI, Drones and Satellites | KQED","description":"California is working with analysts and new technology to attack wildfires. From military satellites to infrared mapping, real-time data is triaged by fire behavior experts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California's Fight Against Wildfires Turns to AI, Drones and Satellites","datePublished":"2023-07-13T00:31:03.000Z","dateModified":"2023-07-13T00:31:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/julie-cart/\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11955457/californias-fight-against-wildfires-turns-to-ai-drones-and-satellites","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11954879/how-californias-firefighter-union-could-get-guaranteed-raises-forever\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> Battalion Chief Jon Heggie wasn’t expecting much to worry about when a late summer fire erupted north of Santa Cruz, home to California’s moist and cool “asbestos forests.” This place doesn’t burn, he thought, with just three notable fires there in 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heggie’s job was to predict for the crews where the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/wildfires\">wildfire\u003c/a> might go and when, working through calculations based on topography, weather and fuels — the “immutable” basics. For fire behavior analysts like Heggie, predictable and familiar are manageable, while weird and unexpected are synonyms for danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that 2020 fire was anything but predictable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 3 a.m. on Aug. 16, ominous thunder cells formed over the region. Tens of thousands of lightning strikes rained down, creating a convulsion of fire that became the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/16/czu-lightning-complex-including-warnella-fire/\">CZU Lightning Complex\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By noon there were nearly two dozen fires burning, and not nearly enough people to handle them. Flames were roaring throughout the Coast Range in deep-shaded forests and waist-high ferns in sight of the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one had ever seen anything like it.\u003cem> \u003c/em>The blaze defied predictions and ran unchecked for a month. The fire spread to San Mateo County, burned through 86,000 acres, destroyed almost 1,500 structures and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/czu-lighting-complex-fire-victim-died-trying-to-flee-flames-6-rescued-while-trying-to-return-to-evacuated-homes/\">killed a fleeing resident\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was astonishing to see that behavior and consumption of heavy fuels,” Heggie said. “Seeing the devastation was mind-boggling. Things were burning outside the norm. I hadn’t seen anything burn that intensely in my 30 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost as troubling was what this fire \u003cem>didn’t\u003c/em> do — it didn’t back off at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would have burning periods increase in the afternoon, and we saw continuous high-intensity burns in the night,” Heggie said. “That’s when we are supposed to make up ground. That didn’t happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Seeing the devastation was mind-boggling. Things were burning outside the norm. I hadn’t seen anything burn that intensely in my 30 years.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jon Heggie, battalion chief, Cal Fire","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That 2020 summer of fires, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/07/california-fires-2020/\">the worst in California history\u003c/a>, recalibrated what veteran firefighters understand about fire behavior: Nothing \u003cem>is\u003c/em> as it \u003cem>was.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intensified by climate change, especially warmer nights and longer droughts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-wildfires-explained/\">California’s fires often morph into megafires\u003c/a>, and even gigafires covering more than a million acres. U.S. wildfires have been \u003ca href=\"https://cires.colorado.edu/news/us-fires-four-times-larger-three-times-more-frequent-2000\">four times larger and three times more frequent\u003c/a> since 2000, according to University of Colorado researchers. And other scientists recently predicted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2213815120\">up to 52% more California forest acreage\u003c/a> will burn in summertime over the next two decades because of the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California now heads into its peak time for wildfires, even with last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/california-wildfires/2022/12/california-wildfires-2022/\">quiet season\u003c/a> and the end of its three-year drought, the specter of megafires hasn’t receded. Last winter’s record winter rains, rather than tamping down fire threats, have promoted lush growth, which provides more fuel for summer fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire officials warn that this year’s conditions are similar to the summer and fall of 2017 — when a rainy winter was followed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2017\">one of the state’s most destructive fire seasons\u003c/a>, killing 47 people and destroying almost 11,000 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955548\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955548 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"Pictured in a dark room with two, large LCD screens illuminated with maps displayed on them. Two people are observing the screens with one man pointing up toward the screen on the left.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/111822-USFS-Drone-Program-CM-01-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Forest Service teams deploy drones to capture photographs and infrared images, which are used to map fires to find areas where flames are still active and where they might spread. \u003ccite>(Andrew Avitt/US Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s not just the size and power of modern wildfires, but their capricious behavior that has confounded fire veterans — the feints and shifts that bedevil efforts to predict what a fire might do and then devise strategies to stop it. It’s a dangerous calculation: In the literal heat of a fire, choices are consequential. People’s lives and livelihoods are at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire crews now often find themselves outflanked. Responding to larger and more erratic and intense fires requires more personnel and equipment. And staging crews and engines where flames are expected to go have been thrown off-kilter.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We live in this new reality. … We’re enlisting cutting-edge technology in our efforts to fight wildfires, exploring how innovations like artificial intelligence can help us identify threats quicker and deploy resources smarter.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Gov. Gavin Newsom","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We live in this new reality,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said at a recent Cal Fire event, “where we can’t necessarily attach ourselves to some of the more predictive models of the past because of a world that is getting a lot hotter, a lot drier and a lot more uncertain because of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalFire has responded by tapping into all the new technology — such as drones, military satellites, infrared images and AI-assisted maps — that can be brought to bear during a fire. Commanders now must consider a broader range of possibilities so they can pivot when the firefront shifts in an unexpected way. The agency also has beefed up its ability to fight nighttime fires with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/what-we-do/fire-protection/aviation-program\">new fleet of Fire Hawk helicopters\u003c/a> equipped to fly in darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has thrown every possible data point at the problem with its year-old \u003ca href=\"https://fireforecast.caloes.ca.gov/\">Wildfire Threat and Intelligence Integration Center\u003c/a>, which pulls information from dozens of federal, state and private sources to create a minute-by-minute picture of conditions conducive to sparking or spreading fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re enlisting cutting-edge technology in our efforts to fight wildfires,” Newsom said, “exploring how innovations like artificial intelligence can help us identify threats quicker and deploy resources smarter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An unforeseen assault on a coastal town\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2017/12/4/thomas-fire/\">2017 Thomas Fire\u003c/a> stands as an example of what happens when a massive fire, ignited after a rainy winter, veers and shifts in unexpected ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze in coastal Ventura and Santa Barbara counties struck in December when fire season normally quieted down. Fire veterans knew fall and winter fires were tamed by a blanket of moist air and fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that didn’t happen.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I looked at the maps and we both came to the conclusion that Carpinteria would be fine, don’t worry. Sure enough, that night it burned into Carpinteria and they had to evacuate the town.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Tim Chavez, assistant chief, Cal Fire","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We were on day five or six, and the incident commander comes to me and asks, ‘Are we going to have to evacuate Carpinteria tonight?’,” said Cal Fire Assistant Chief Tim Chavez, who was the fire behavior analyst for the Thomas Fire.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“I looked at the maps and we both came to the conclusion that Carpinteria would be fine, don’t worry. Sure enough, that night it burned into Carpinteria and they had to evacuate the town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on fire and weather data and informed hunches, no one expected the fire to continue advancing overnight. And, as the winds calmed, no one predicted the blaze would move toward the small seaside community of 13,000 south of Santa Barbara. But high temperatures, low humidity and a steep, dry landscape that hadn’t felt flames in more than 30 years drew the Thomas Fire to the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sudden shift put the town in peril. Some 300 residents were evacuated in the middle of the night as the blaze moved into the eastern edge of Carpinteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, the fire, which was sparked by power lines downed by high winds, \u003ca href=\"https://vcfd.org/news/vcfd-determines-cause-of-the-thomas-fire/\">burned for nearly 40 days\u003c/a>, spread across 281,000 acres, destroyed more than 1,000 homes and other buildings and killed two people, including a firefighter. At the time, it was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2017/12/23/us/thomas-fire-california/index.html\">largest wildfire\u003c/a> in California’s modern history; now, just six years later, it ranks at number eight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955543\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955543 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A wildfire rushes toward a mansion in Southern California with two palm trees seen in the home's backyard. The sky is black and the fire glows an ominous, bright orange and red.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/040723-THOMAS-FIRE-AP-JCH-CM-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Thomas Fire threatened homes near the 101 freeway in Ventura on Dec. 5, 2017. \u003ccite>(Jae C. Hong/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The unforeseen assault on Carpenteria was an I-told-you-so from nature, the sort of humbling slap-down that fire behavior analysts in California are experiencing more and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve learned more from being wrong than from being right,” Chavez said. “You cannot do this job and not be surprised by something you see. Even the small fires will surprise you sometimes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Warmer nights, drought and lack of fog alter fire behavior\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the past 20 years have brought a profound — and perhaps irreversible — \u003ca href=\"https://santamariatimes.com/photos-welcome-to-the-age-of-fire-california-wildfires-explained/collection_539ecbd3-827e-5387-aa14-518705d05980.html#1\">shift in the norms of wildfire behavior\u003c/a> and intensity. Fires burn along the coast even when there are no desert winds to drive them, fires refuse to lay down at night and fires pierced the so-called Redwood Curtain, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/04/big-basin-park-heals-wildfires/\">burning 97% of California’s oldest state park\u003c/a>, Big Basin Redwoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in wildfires are driven by an array of factors: a megadrought from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01290-z\">driest period recorded\u003c/a> in the Western U.S.\u003cem> \u003c/em>in the past 1,200 years, the loss of fog along the California coast, and stubborn nighttime temperatures that propel flames well into the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California's nighttime fire conditions have worsened\" aria-label=\"Map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-jyRUo\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/jyRUo/5/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"662\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher temperatures and longer dry periods are linked to worsening fires in Western forests, with an eightfold increase from 1985 to 2017 in severely burned acreage, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2020GL089858\">2020 study\u003c/a>. “Warmer and drier fire seasons corresponded with higher severity fire,” the researchers wrote, suggesting that “climate change will contribute to increased fire severity in future decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we are seeing is a dramatic increase in extreme fire behavior,” Heggie said. “When you have a drought lasting 10 years, devastating the landscape, you have dead fuel loading and available fuel for when these fires start. That’s the catalyst for megafire. That’s been the driving force for change in fire behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-11955555\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/Fire-Tornado_6.9.22-SIZED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/Fire-Tornado_6.9.22-SIZED.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/Fire-Tornado_6.9.22-SIZED-160x320.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/Fire-Tornado_6.9.22-SIZED-768x1536.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 33% of coastal summer fog has vanished since the turn of the century, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0915062107\">researchers at UC Berkeley\u003c/a>. That blanket of cool, moist air that kept major fires out of coastal areas can no longer be relied upon to safeguard California’s redwood forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters are losing another ally, too, with the significant increase in overnight temperatures. \u003ca href=\"https://cires.colorado.edu/news/hotter-drier-nights-mean-more-runaway-fires\">Nighttime fires\u003c/a> were about 28% more intense in 2020 than in 2003. And there are more of them — 11 more “flammable nights” every year than 40 years ago, an increase of more than 40%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot is that fires are increasingly less likely to “lie down” at night when fire crews could work to get ahead of the flames. The loss of those hours to perform critical suppression work — and the additional nighttime spread — gives California crews less time to catch up with fast-moving blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, fire whirls and so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2022/aug/11/firenado-sparked-by-hot-winds-and-wildfires-burns-in-california-video\">firenados\u003c/a> are more common as a feature of erratic fire behavior. The twisting vortex of flames, heat and wind can rise in columns hundreds of feet high and are spun by high winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firenados are more than frightening to behold: They spread embers and strew debris for miles and make already dangerous fires all the more risky. One was spotted \u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2022/08/11/brush-fire-sparks-firenado-southern-california/10303678002/\">north of Los Angeles\u003c/a> last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires are “really changing, and it’s a combination of all kinds of different changes,” said Jennifer Balch, director of the Environmental Data Science Innovation and Inclusion Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder and a longtime fire researcher who tracks trends that drive wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re losing fog. We’re seeing drier conditions longer and later into the season. And so what that means for California right now is, under these record heat waves, we’re also now butting up against the Santa Ana wind conditions,” she said. “I think we’re loading the dice in a certain direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A fire behaviorist’s routine\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among the many specialists at work are fire behavior analysts, who are responsible for predicting a fire’s daily movements for the incident commander. As a fire rages, Cal Fire analysts get their information in an avalanche of highly technical data, including wind force and direction, temperature and humidity, the shape and height of slopes, the area’s burn history, which fuels are on the ground and, in some cases, how likely they are to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gleaned from satellites, drones, planes, remote sensors and computer mapping, the information is spat out in real-time and triaged by the fire behavior analyst, who often uses a computer program to prepare models to predict what the fire is likely to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That information is synthesized and relayed — quickly — to fire bosses. Laptops and hand-held computers are ubiquitous on modern firelines, replacing the time-honored practice of spreading a dog-eared map on the hood of a truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a typical day I would get up at 4:30 or 5,” said Chavez, who has served as a fire behavior analyst for much of his career. “We get an infrared fire map from overnight aircraft, and that tells us where the fire is active. Other planes fly in a grid pattern and we look at those still images.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>I might look at computer models, fire spread models, and the weather forecast. There’s other data that tells you what fuels are in the area. You plug all that in to see where the fire will be 24 hours from now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the fire camp’s 8 a.m. briefing, “You get two minutes to tell people what to watch out for,” he said. Throughout the day, Chavez says he monitors available data and hitches a helicopter ride to view the fire from the air. At another meeting at 5 p.m., he and other officers prepare the next day’s incident action plan. Then he’s back to collating more weather and fire data. The aim is to get to bed before midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955545\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955545 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with blond hair and glasses stands in front of a white board that's covered in handwritten graphs and figures. It appears she's inside a classroom or lab.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-03-CM-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘We’re losing fog. We’re seeing drier conditions longer and later into the season … I think we’re loading the dice in a certain direction,’ said Jennifer Balch, director of the Environmental Data Science Innovation and Inclusion Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder. \u003ccite>(Aaron Ontivaeroz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The importance of the fire behavior analyst’s job is reflected by the sophistication of the tools available: real-time NOAA satellite data, weather information from military flights, radar, computer-generated maps showing a 100-year history of previous burns in the area as well as the current fuel load and its combustibility, airplane and drone surveillance and AI-enabled models of future fire movements. Aircraft flying over fires provide more detail, faster, about what’s inside fire plumes, critical information to fire bosses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the National Guard is entering the fourth year of an agreement to share non-classified information pulled from military satellites that scan for heat signatures from the boost phase of ballistic missiles. When those heat images are associated with wildfires, the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/3223104/fireguard-program-enhances-national-guard-wildfire-fighting/\">FireGuard system\u003c/a> can transmit detailed information to Cal Fire every 15 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Craig Clements, director of the Fire Weather Research Laboratory at San Jose State University, has chased fires for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can pull up on a fire, and the radar starts spinning and you’re peering into a plume within four minutes,” Clements said. “It gives us information about the particles inside, the structure of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955546\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955546 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of a map of California and then a pop-up screen on top of the map shows coding in various colors.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-04-CM-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map was produced by supercomputers at a lab at University of Colorado Boulder that is using metadata to better understand large wildfires and their increasingly erratic behavior. \u003ccite>(Aaron Ontivaeroz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fire behavior decisions are not totally reliant on outside data inputs. Seasoned fire commanders remain firmly committed to a reliable indicator: the hair on the back of their necks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fireline experience and hard-earned knowledge still count when formulating tactics. But it’s a measure of how norms have shifted that even institutional knowledge can fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Future of firefighting: AI crunches billions of data points\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the biggest leap is applying artificial intelligence to understand fire behavior. Neil Sahota, an AI adviser to the United Nations and a lecturer at UC Irvine, is developing systems to train a computer to review reams of data and come to a predictive conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is not to replace fire behavior analysts and jettison their decades of fireline experience, Sahota said, but to augment their work — and, mostly, to move much faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can crunch billions of different data points in near real-time, in seconds,” he said. “The challenge is, what’s the right data? We may think there are seven variables that go into a wildfire, for example. AI may come back saying there are thousands.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on California Wildfires ","tag":"wildfires"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In order for their information to be useful, computers have to be taught: What’s the difference between a Boy Scout campfire and a wildfire? How to distinguish between an arsonist starting a fire and a firefighter setting a backfire with a drip torch?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the dizzying speed at which devices have been employed on the modern fireline, most fire behavior computer models are still based on algorithms devised by Mark Finney, a revered figure in the field of fire science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.firelab.org/\">Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory\u003c/a> in Montana, Finney has studied fire behavior through observation and, especially, by starting all manner of fires in combustion chambers and in the field. In another lab in Missoula, scientists bake all types of wood in special ovens to determine how fuels burn at different moisture levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Finney is unimpressed by much of the sophisticated technology brought to bear on wildfires as they burn. He said it provides only an illusion of control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you are in a position to have to fight these extreme fires, you’ve already lost,” he said. “Don’t let anybody kid you, we do not suppress these fires, we don’t control them. We wait for the weather.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Once you are in a position to have to fight these extreme fires, you’ve already lost. Don’t let anybody kid you, we do not suppress these fires, we don’t control them. We wait for the weather.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Mark Finney, research forester, US Forest Service","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Missoula research group developed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.firelab.org/project/national-fire-danger-rating-system\">National Fire Danger Rating System\u003c/a> in 1972, which is still in place today. Among the fire behavior tools Finney designed is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/rmrs/tools/farsite\">FARSITE system\u003c/a>, a simulation of fire growth invaluable to frontline fire bosses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finney and colleagues are working on a next-generation version of the behavior prediction system, which is now undergoing real-world tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This equation has an awful lot of assumptions in it,” he said. “We’re getting there. Nature is a lot more complicated. There are still a number of mysteries on fire behavior. We don’t have a road map to follow that tells us that this is good enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far the best use of the predictive tools that he and others have developed is to learn how to \u003cem>avoid \u003c/em>firestarts, he said, by thinning and clearing forests to reduce the threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to tell you that the key to solving these problems is more research. But if we just stopped doing research and just use what we know, we’d be a lot better off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, research about fire behavior races on, driven by the belief that you can’t fight an enemy you don’t understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11955547\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11955547 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79.jpg\" alt=\"A man with a black and white checkered, button-up shirt, stands amid mountain and trees in Colorado.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/090822-COLORADO-WILDFIRE-BEHAVIOR-AO-CM-79-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Koontz is a postdoc researcher at University of Colorado Boulder who leads a project focusing on better understanding of California’s megafires to provide fire bosses the best information to fight fires. \u003ccite>(Aaron Ontivaeroz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://earthlab.colorado.edu/our-team/michael-koontz\">Mike Koontz\u003c/a> is on the front lines of that battle, tucked into a semicircle of supercomputers. Koontz leads a team of researchers in Boulder, Colo., studying a new, volatile and compelling topic: California megafires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We began to see a clear uptick in extreme fire behavior in California since the 2000s,” said Koontz, a postdoctoral researcher with the Earth Lab at University of Colorado Boulder. “We keyed in on fires that moved quickly and blew up over a short period of time.” California is a trove of extreme fires, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koontz is using supercomputers to scrape databases, maps and satellite images and apply the data to an analytical framework of his devising. The team tracks significant fires that grow unexpectedly, and layers in weather conditions, topography, fire spread rates and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What comes out is a rough sketch of the elements driving California’s fires to grow so large. The next hurdle is to get the information quickly into the hands of fire commanders, Koontz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal: if not a new bible for fighting fires, at least an updated playbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11955457/californias-fight-against-wildfires-turns-to-ai-drones-and-satellites","authors":["byline_news_11955457"],"categories":["news_31795","news_8"],"tags":["news_25184","news_18538","news_20341","news_17959","news_30099","news_1631","news_4337"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11955544","label":"source_news_11955457"},"news_11950885":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11950885","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11950885","score":null,"sort":[1685144030000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"judge-rules-in-favor-of-fire-retardant-use-despite-it-polluting-streams-in-western-states","title":"Judge Rules in Favor of Fire Retardant Use Despite It Polluting Streams in Western States","publishDate":1685144030,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Judge Rules in Favor of Fire Retardant Use Despite It Polluting Streams in Western States | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-wildfires-retardant-pollution-lawsuit-1fa9557473357d03f01b592713afd4a3\">U.S. government can keep using chemical retardant\u003c/a> dropped from aircraft to fight wildfires, despite finding that the practice \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-wildfires-retardant-pollution-lawsuit-81e195428e748bbb36116128e35c7e39\">pollutes streams in Western states\u003c/a> in violation of federal law, a judge ruled Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halting the use of the red slurry material could have resulted in greater environmental damage from wildfires, said U.S. District Judge Dana Christensen in Missoula, Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge agreed with U.S. Forest Service officials who said dropping retardant from aircraft into areas with waterways was sometimes necessary to protect lives and property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling came after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-forests-lawsuits-fish-montana-0e3b777d2df198826587e702b34ebb9d\">environmentalists sued\u003c/a> following revelations that the Forest Service had dropped retardant into waterways hundreds of times over the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government officials say chemical fire retardant can be crucial to slowing the advance of dangerous blazes. Wildfires across North America have grown bigger and more destructive over the past two decades as climate change warms the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 200 loads of retardant got into waterways over the past decade. Federal officials say those situations usually occurred by mistake and in less than 1% of the thousands of loads annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition that includes the town of Paradise — where the 2018 Camp Fire killed 85 people and destroyed the town — had said a court ruling that stopped the use of retardant would have put lives, homes and forests at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1982594 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment007-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This case was very personal for us,” Paradise Mayor Greg Bolin said. “Our brave firefighters need every tool in the toolbox to protect human lives and property against wildfires, and today’s ruling ensures we have a fighting chance this fire season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and local agencies lean heavily on the U.S. Forest Service to help fight fires, many of which originate on or include federal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire retardant is a specialized mixture of water and chemicals including inorganic fertilizers or salts. It’s designed to alter the way fire burns, making blazes less intense and slowing their advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can give firefighters time to steer flames away from inhabited areas and, in extreme situations, evacuate people from danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Retardant lasts and even works if it’s dry,” said Scott Upton, a former region chief and air attack group supervisor for Cal Fire, California’s state fire agency. “Water is only so good because it dries out. It does very well to suppress fires, but it won’t last.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950941\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950941\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Firefighters in yellow hardhats stand atop white utility trucks as they watch an air tanker spray red clouds of fire retardant on a wildfire. The sky is gray with black clouds.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters watch as an air tanker drops retardant while battling the Ferguson Fire in the Stanislaus National Forest, near Yosemite National Park, on July 21, 2018. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Oregon-based group Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics argued in its \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-forests-lawsuits-fish-montana-0e3b777d2df198826587e702b34ebb9d\">lawsuit filed last year\u003c/a> that the Forest Service was disregarding the Clean Water Act by continuing to use retardant without taking adequate precautions to protect streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen said stopping the use of fire retardant would “conceivably result in greater harm from wildfires — including to human life and property and to the environment.” The judge said his ruling was limited to 10 Western states where members of the plaintiff’s group alleged harm from pollution into waterways that they use.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Paradise Mayor Greg Bolin\"]‘Our brave firefighters need every tool in the toolbox to protect human lives and property against wildfires, and today’s ruling ensures we have a fighting chance this fire season.’[/pullquote]After the lawsuit was filed, the Forest Service applied to the Environmental Protection Agency for a permit that would allow it to continue using retardant without breaking the law. The process could take several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a permit could require tighter restrictions on when retardant could be used or for officials to use less-toxic chemicals, said Andy Stahl with Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a good first step,” Stahl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen ordered federal officials to report every six months on their progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Forest Service spokesperson Wade Muehlhof said the agency believes retardant can be used “without compromising public health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Forest Service is working diligently with the Environmental Protection Agency on a general permit for aerially delivered retardant that will allow us to continue using wildfire retardant to protect homes and communities,” Muehlhof said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, people moving into fire-prone areas, and overgrown forests are creating more catastrophic megafires that are harder to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 150 million gallons of fire retardant were dropped on national forest lands between 2013 and 2022, according to the Department of Agriculture. Retardant drops onto forests in California accounted for 49% of the total volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health risks to firefighters and other people who come into contact with fire retardant are considered low, according to a 2021 risk assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950942\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11950942 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A nature shot within the forest with a running stream in the background along with wild deer running in the foreground.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the Klamath River, which flows through Oregon and Northern California. The Oregon-based group Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics argued in a lawsuit filed last year that the Forest Service was disregarding the Clean Water Act by continuing to use retardant without taking adequate precautions to protect streams and rivers. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the chemicals can be harmful to some fish, frogs, crustaceans and other aquatic species. A government study found that misapplied retardant could adversely affect dozens of imperiled species, including crawfish, spotted owls and fish such as shiners and suckers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forest Service officials said they are trying to come into compliance with the law by getting a pollution permit, but that could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep streams from getting polluted, officials in recent years have avoided drops inside buffer zones within 300 feet of waterways. Retardant may only be applied inside those zones when human life or public safety is threatened. Of 213 instances of fire retardant landing in water between 2012 and 2019, 190 were accidents and the remainder were necessary to save lives or property, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many areas of the Western U.S. experienced heavy snowfalls this past winter, and as a result, fire dangers are lower than in recent years across much of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This story has been updated.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A judge agreed with US Forest Service officials that dropping retardant from aircraft into areas with waterways is sometimes necessary to protect lives and property. More than 200 loads of retardant had gotten into waterways over the past decade.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1685144788,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1056},"headData":{"title":"Judge Rules in Favor of Fire Retardant Use Despite It Polluting Streams in Western States | KQED","description":"A judge agreed with US Forest Service officials that dropping retardant from aircraft into areas with waterways is sometimes necessary to protect lives and property. More than 200 loads of retardant had gotten into waterways over the past decade.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Judge Rules in Favor of Fire Retardant Use Despite It Polluting Streams in Western States","datePublished":"2023-05-26T23:33:50.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-26T23:46:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MatthewBrownAP\">Matthew Brown\u003c/a>\u003cbr> The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11950885/judge-rules-in-favor-of-fire-retardant-use-despite-it-polluting-streams-in-western-states","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-wildfires-retardant-pollution-lawsuit-1fa9557473357d03f01b592713afd4a3\">U.S. government can keep using chemical retardant\u003c/a> dropped from aircraft to fight wildfires, despite finding that the practice \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-wildfires-retardant-pollution-lawsuit-81e195428e748bbb36116128e35c7e39\">pollutes streams in Western states\u003c/a> in violation of federal law, a judge ruled Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halting the use of the red slurry material could have resulted in greater environmental damage from wildfires, said U.S. District Judge Dana Christensen in Missoula, Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge agreed with U.S. Forest Service officials who said dropping retardant from aircraft into areas with waterways was sometimes necessary to protect lives and property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling came after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-forests-lawsuits-fish-montana-0e3b777d2df198826587e702b34ebb9d\">environmentalists sued\u003c/a> following revelations that the Forest Service had dropped retardant into waterways hundreds of times over the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government officials say chemical fire retardant can be crucial to slowing the advance of dangerous blazes. Wildfires across North America have grown bigger and more destructive over the past two decades as climate change warms the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 200 loads of retardant got into waterways over the past decade. Federal officials say those situations usually occurred by mistake and in less than 1% of the thousands of loads annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition that includes the town of Paradise — where the 2018 Camp Fire killed 85 people and destroyed the town — had said a court ruling that stopped the use of retardant would have put lives, homes and forests at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1982594","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment007-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This case was very personal for us,” Paradise Mayor Greg Bolin said. “Our brave firefighters need every tool in the toolbox to protect human lives and property against wildfires, and today’s ruling ensures we have a fighting chance this fire season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and local agencies lean heavily on the U.S. Forest Service to help fight fires, many of which originate on or include federal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire retardant is a specialized mixture of water and chemicals including inorganic fertilizers or salts. It’s designed to alter the way fire burns, making blazes less intense and slowing their advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can give firefighters time to steer flames away from inhabited areas and, in extreme situations, evacuate people from danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Retardant lasts and even works if it’s dry,” said Scott Upton, a former region chief and air attack group supervisor for Cal Fire, California’s state fire agency. “Water is only so good because it dries out. It does very well to suppress fires, but it won’t last.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950941\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950941\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Firefighters in yellow hardhats stand atop white utility trucks as they watch an air tanker spray red clouds of fire retardant on a wildfire. The sky is gray with black clouds.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS34370_GettyImages-1003505278-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters watch as an air tanker drops retardant while battling the Ferguson Fire in the Stanislaus National Forest, near Yosemite National Park, on July 21, 2018. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Oregon-based group Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics argued in its \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-forests-lawsuits-fish-montana-0e3b777d2df198826587e702b34ebb9d\">lawsuit filed last year\u003c/a> that the Forest Service was disregarding the Clean Water Act by continuing to use retardant without taking adequate precautions to protect streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen said stopping the use of fire retardant would “conceivably result in greater harm from wildfires — including to human life and property and to the environment.” The judge said his ruling was limited to 10 Western states where members of the plaintiff’s group alleged harm from pollution into waterways that they use.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Our brave firefighters need every tool in the toolbox to protect human lives and property against wildfires, and today’s ruling ensures we have a fighting chance this fire season.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Paradise Mayor Greg Bolin","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After the lawsuit was filed, the Forest Service applied to the Environmental Protection Agency for a permit that would allow it to continue using retardant without breaking the law. The process could take several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a permit could require tighter restrictions on when retardant could be used or for officials to use less-toxic chemicals, said Andy Stahl with Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a good first step,” Stahl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen ordered federal officials to report every six months on their progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Forest Service spokesperson Wade Muehlhof said the agency believes retardant can be used “without compromising public health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Forest Service is working diligently with the Environmental Protection Agency on a general permit for aerially delivered retardant that will allow us to continue using wildfire retardant to protect homes and communities,” Muehlhof said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, people moving into fire-prone areas, and overgrown forests are creating more catastrophic megafires that are harder to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 150 million gallons of fire retardant were dropped on national forest lands between 2013 and 2022, according to the Department of Agriculture. Retardant drops onto forests in California accounted for 49% of the total volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health risks to firefighters and other people who come into contact with fire retardant are considered low, according to a 2021 risk assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950942\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11950942 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A nature shot within the forest with a running stream in the background along with wild deer running in the foreground.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS21524_IMG_4452-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the Klamath River, which flows through Oregon and Northern California. The Oregon-based group Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics argued in a lawsuit filed last year that the Forest Service was disregarding the Clean Water Act by continuing to use retardant without taking adequate precautions to protect streams and rivers. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the chemicals can be harmful to some fish, frogs, crustaceans and other aquatic species. A government study found that misapplied retardant could adversely affect dozens of imperiled species, including crawfish, spotted owls and fish such as shiners and suckers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forest Service officials said they are trying to come into compliance with the law by getting a pollution permit, but that could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep streams from getting polluted, officials in recent years have avoided drops inside buffer zones within 300 feet of waterways. Retardant may only be applied inside those zones when human life or public safety is threatened. Of 213 instances of fire retardant landing in water between 2012 and 2019, 190 were accidents and the remainder were necessary to save lives or property, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many areas of the Western U.S. experienced heavy snowfalls this past winter, and as a result, fire dangers are lower than in recent years across much of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This story has been updated.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11950885/judge-rules-in-favor-of-fire-retardant-use-despite-it-polluting-streams-in-western-states","authors":["byline_news_11950885"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_20023","news_2920","news_20792","news_5891","news_4337","news_4463"],"featImg":"news_11950907","label":"news"},"news_11925032":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11925032","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11925032","score":null,"sort":[1662683448000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-faces-wildfires-heat-and-now-likely-heavy-rain-and-flooding-all-in-one-week","title":"California Faces Wildfires, Heat and Now Likely Heavy Rain and Flooding — All in One Week","publishDate":1662683448,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Forces were beginning to collide in California on Thursday as wildfires threatened communities, an epic heat wave stressed the electrical grid and moisture from a hurricane was expected to bring thunderstorms and floods along with cooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters struggled to control major wildfires in Southern California and the Sierra Nevada that have grown explosively, forced extensive evacuations and produced smoke that could interfere with solar power production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fairview Fire in Southern California covered about 19,200 acres of Riverside County and was just 5% contained. Two people died while fleeing flames on Monday and at least seven structures have been destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Sierra, the Mosquito Fire had scorched nearly 7,040 acres, forcing evacuations in Placer and El Dorado counties. Several structures and at least 10 cars burned near the Gold Rush-era community of Michigan Bluff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection warned the Reno area that air quality could be very unhealthy to hazardous due to smoke from the Mosquito Fire 100 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire's cause remained under investigation. Pacific Gas and Electric notified the state Public Utilities Commission that the U.S. Forest Service placed caution tape around the base of a PG&E transmission pole but that no damage could be seen. PG&E said unspecified “electrical activity” occurred close in time to the report of the fire on September 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another dangerous blaze burned in stands of timber near the Big Bear Lake resort region in the San Bernardino Mountains east of Los Angeles. It was just 2% contained after scorching nearly 1,280 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surge of clouds and showers associated with Hurricane Kay off Mexico’s Baja California peninsula knocked the edge off temperatures in Southern California at times but also were a potential problem for solar generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the initial impacts of Kay, forecasters warned that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11924709/sf-and-coast-included-in-heat-advisory-as-scorching-temperatures-increase-risk-of-blackouts-extreme-fire-danger\">the heat was not yet done\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The seemingly endless heat wave that has been plaguing California will finally be coming to an end across at least Southern California, but not before two more very hot days and very warm nights,” the Los Angeles-area weather office wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Operators of California’s power grid issued another Flex Alert call for voluntary cuts in use of electricity and expanded the period by two hours, 3 p.m. to 10 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke and the cloud cover created uncertainty about solar power production in afternoon hours when temperatures rise toward their peaks, said Elliot Mainzer, president and CEO of the California Independent System Operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also uncertainty about wind power at the back end of the period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CAISO has issued Flex Alerts since last week and has avoided ordering rolling power outages, although a miscommunication with one Northern California provider led to blackouts.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Elliot Mainzer, president and CEO, CAISO\"]'We certainly think we’re close to turning the corner, but we still have challenges ahead of us this evening.'[/pullquote]With record demand on power supplies across the West, California snapped its energy use record around 5 p.m. Tuesday with 52,061 megawatts, far above the previous high of 50,270 megawatts set July 24, 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An emergency appeal for conservation that was sent to Californians’ cellphones was credited with an immediate drop in demand on the electrical grid that evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrical demand hit 50,184 megawatts on Wednesday, but it ended up being “a relatively quiet operation on the system,” Mainzer told a briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electrical load forecast for Thursday afternoon and evening was higher, however, and the uncertainty involving the renewable energy sources made the situation a bit more complex, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly think we’re close to turning the corner, but we still have challenges ahead of us this evening,” Mainzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storm and wind conditions associated with the approaching hurricane were likely to create a new set of risks for power shortages in Southern California, he noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurricane Kay was expected to be downgraded to a tropical storm before it reaches northern Baja California on Friday, the National Weather Service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite losing hurricane strength, Kay was expected to send a surge of moisture into Southern California. Strong winds, heavy rain and flash floods were likely Friday evening through Saturday. Tropical storm warnings were posted for mariners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up the West Coast, forecasters predicted strong, gusting winds and low humidity across western Oregon beginning Friday, and authorities warned of heightened wildfire danger after an unseasonably hot and dry late summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two power utilities issued potential shutoff notices to more than 40,000 customers to the south and west of Portland, Oregon, because of winds that could reach 50 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters warned of a chance of “rapid fire spread” but said winds were not expected to be as intense as those that hit on Labor Day weekend in 2020, fanning wildfires that burned more than 1 million acres, destroyed 4,000 homes and killed at least 11 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Gillian Flaccus in Portland, Oregon, and Scott Sonner in Reno, Nevada, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A historic heat wave in California is expected to end in the next few days, but the state is also battling uncontained wildfires while preparing for heavy rain and flash floods likely to hit Southern California over the weekend.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1662744184,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":863},"headData":{"title":"California Faces Wildfires, Heat and Now Likely Heavy Rain and Flooding — All in One Week | KQED","description":"A historic heat wave in California is expected to end in the next few days, but the state is also battling uncontained wildfires while preparing for heavy rain and flash floods likely to hit Southern California over the weekend.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Faces Wildfires, Heat and Now Likely Heavy Rain and Flooding — All in One Week","datePublished":"2022-09-09T00:30:48.000Z","dateModified":"2022-09-09T17:23:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11925032 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11925032","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/09/08/california-faces-wildfires-heat-and-now-likely-heavy-rain-and-flooding-all-in-one-week/","disqusTitle":"California Faces Wildfires, Heat and Now Likely Heavy Rain and Flooding — All in One Week","nprByline":"John Antczak, Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11925032/california-faces-wildfires-heat-and-now-likely-heavy-rain-and-flooding-all-in-one-week","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Forces were beginning to collide in California on Thursday as wildfires threatened communities, an epic heat wave stressed the electrical grid and moisture from a hurricane was expected to bring thunderstorms and floods along with cooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters struggled to control major wildfires in Southern California and the Sierra Nevada that have grown explosively, forced extensive evacuations and produced smoke that could interfere with solar power production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fairview Fire in Southern California covered about 19,200 acres of Riverside County and was just 5% contained. Two people died while fleeing flames on Monday and at least seven structures have been destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Sierra, the Mosquito Fire had scorched nearly 7,040 acres, forcing evacuations in Placer and El Dorado counties. Several structures and at least 10 cars burned near the Gold Rush-era community of Michigan Bluff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection warned the Reno area that air quality could be very unhealthy to hazardous due to smoke from the Mosquito Fire 100 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire's cause remained under investigation. Pacific Gas and Electric notified the state Public Utilities Commission that the U.S. Forest Service placed caution tape around the base of a PG&E transmission pole but that no damage could be seen. PG&E said unspecified “electrical activity” occurred close in time to the report of the fire on September 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another dangerous blaze burned in stands of timber near the Big Bear Lake resort region in the San Bernardino Mountains east of Los Angeles. It was just 2% contained after scorching nearly 1,280 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surge of clouds and showers associated with Hurricane Kay off Mexico’s Baja California peninsula knocked the edge off temperatures in Southern California at times but also were a potential problem for solar generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the initial impacts of Kay, forecasters warned that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11924709/sf-and-coast-included-in-heat-advisory-as-scorching-temperatures-increase-risk-of-blackouts-extreme-fire-danger\">the heat was not yet done\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The seemingly endless heat wave that has been plaguing California will finally be coming to an end across at least Southern California, but not before two more very hot days and very warm nights,” the Los Angeles-area weather office wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Operators of California’s power grid issued another Flex Alert call for voluntary cuts in use of electricity and expanded the period by two hours, 3 p.m. to 10 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke and the cloud cover created uncertainty about solar power production in afternoon hours when temperatures rise toward their peaks, said Elliot Mainzer, president and CEO of the California Independent System Operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also uncertainty about wind power at the back end of the period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CAISO has issued Flex Alerts since last week and has avoided ordering rolling power outages, although a miscommunication with one Northern California provider led to blackouts.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We certainly think we’re close to turning the corner, but we still have challenges ahead of us this evening.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Elliot Mainzer, president and CEO, CAISO","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>With record demand on power supplies across the West, California snapped its energy use record around 5 p.m. Tuesday with 52,061 megawatts, far above the previous high of 50,270 megawatts set July 24, 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An emergency appeal for conservation that was sent to Californians’ cellphones was credited with an immediate drop in demand on the electrical grid that evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrical demand hit 50,184 megawatts on Wednesday, but it ended up being “a relatively quiet operation on the system,” Mainzer told a briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electrical load forecast for Thursday afternoon and evening was higher, however, and the uncertainty involving the renewable energy sources made the situation a bit more complex, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly think we’re close to turning the corner, but we still have challenges ahead of us this evening,” Mainzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storm and wind conditions associated with the approaching hurricane were likely to create a new set of risks for power shortages in Southern California, he noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurricane Kay was expected to be downgraded to a tropical storm before it reaches northern Baja California on Friday, the National Weather Service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite losing hurricane strength, Kay was expected to send a surge of moisture into Southern California. Strong winds, heavy rain and flash floods were likely Friday evening through Saturday. Tropical storm warnings were posted for mariners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up the West Coast, forecasters predicted strong, gusting winds and low humidity across western Oregon beginning Friday, and authorities warned of heightened wildfire danger after an unseasonably hot and dry late summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two power utilities issued potential shutoff notices to more than 40,000 customers to the south and west of Portland, Oregon, because of winds that could reach 50 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters warned of a chance of “rapid fire spread” but said winds were not expected to be as intense as those that hit on Labor Day weekend in 2020, fanning wildfires that burned more than 1 million acres, destroyed 4,000 homes and killed at least 11 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Gillian Flaccus in Portland, Oregon, and Scott Sonner in Reno, Nevada, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11925032/california-faces-wildfires-heat-and-now-likely-heavy-rain-and-flooding-all-in-one-week","authors":["byline_news_11925032"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_31594","news_18538","news_31570","news_30122","news_30116","news_31576","news_465","news_4337"],"featImg":"news_11925045","label":"news"},"news_11924598":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11924598","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11924598","score":null,"sort":[1662165402000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heres-a-list-of-east-bay-parks-closed-over-labor-day-due-to-wildfire-threat","title":"Here's a List of East Bay Parks Closed Over Labor Day Due to Wildfire Threat","publishDate":1662165402,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Parks across the Bay Area are closing over Sunday and Monday of Labor Day weekend, due to the high risk of wildfire from excessive heat. Temperatures are expected to be in the high 80s along the Bay and above 100 inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11924244']Walnut Creek and Concord have closed their open space parks through Monday. The East Bay Regional Park District is \u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/about-us/whats-new/news/park-closures-due-possible-high-fire-risk-sunday-september-4-thru-monday-1\">closing down 36 parks\u003c/a> Sunday through Monday to protect both people and parks, says district Fire Chief Aileen Theile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parks that are closed are right in the urban wildlife interface,” Theile said. “As we know, fires are caused by people accidentally, and so we’re trying to limit that. Also, the fuels are highly susceptible right now. We are in our third year of extreme drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Due to the Excessive Heat Warning in effect, the City of Walnut Creek Open Spaces will be closed Sept. 1 through Labor Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Open Spaces Lime Ridge, Shell Ridges & Acalanes Ridge & more are expected to be reopened by Sept. 6 when the warning is lifted. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Si5S0t9ta7\">https://t.co/Si5S0t9ta7\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/HdHHOSJDzZ\">pic.twitter.com/HdHHOSJDzZ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— City of Walnut Creek (@WalnutCreekGov) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WalnutCreekGov/status/1565127142257541120?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 31, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">All shoreline parks in the East Bay and six swim facilities will remain open.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“From a health standpoint, most agencies are recommending that if people do go out and recreate, they do it very early in the morning or very late in the evening because the heat is going to be oppressive,” Theile said.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/about-us/whats-new/news/park-closures-due-possible-high-fire-risk-sunday-september-4-thru-monday-1\">Alameda County park closures\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anthony Chabot (except campground)\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bishop Ranch\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Black Diamond Mines\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Briones Regional Park\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brushy Peak\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claremont Canyon\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contra Loma\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Crockett Hills\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diablo Foothills\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dublin Hills\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Five Canyons\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garin/Dry Creek Pioneer\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Huckleberry\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kennedy Grove\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lake Chabot\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Las Trampas\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Leona Canyon\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mission Peak\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Morgan Territory\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nejedly Staging Area located in Carquinez Strait\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ohlone Wilderness\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pleasanton Ridge\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reinhardt Redwood\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roberts\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Round Valley\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shadow Cliffs\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sibley\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sobrante Ridge\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sunol\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sycamore Valley\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tilden, Tilden Nature Area, Tilden Botanic Garden \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Tilden trains, Merry Go Round, and Golf Course to remain open)\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vargas Plateau\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Waterbird\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wildcat Canyon\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At the recommendation of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ContraCostaFire?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ContraCostaFire\u003c/a>, the City has closed its open space areas, inc. Lime Ridge Open Space and the open space areas within Newhall Community Park from Thursday, Sept. 1 through Tuesday, Sept. 6. Read more: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/KCKJKYkt26\">https://t.co/KCKJKYkt26\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/DbkYFxJ4On\">pic.twitter.com/DbkYFxJ4On\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— City of Concord CA (@CA_Concord) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CA_Concord/status/1565425028291629056?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 1, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Temperatures close to San Francisco Bay are expected to be in the upper 80s, while temperatures inland could top 100.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1662165402,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":406},"headData":{"title":"Here's a List of East Bay Parks Closed Over Labor Day Due to Wildfire Threat | KQED","description":"Temperatures close to San Francisco Bay are expected to be in the upper 80s, while temperatures inland could top 100.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Here's a List of East Bay Parks Closed Over Labor Day Due to Wildfire Threat","datePublished":"2022-09-03T00:36:42.000Z","dateModified":"2022-09-03T00:36:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11924598 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11924598","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/09/02/heres-a-list-of-east-bay-parks-closed-over-labor-day-due-to-wildfire-threat/","disqusTitle":"Here's a List of East Bay Parks Closed Over Labor Day Due to Wildfire Threat","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11924598/heres-a-list-of-east-bay-parks-closed-over-labor-day-due-to-wildfire-threat","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Parks across the Bay Area are closing over Sunday and Monday of Labor Day weekend, due to the high risk of wildfire from excessive heat. Temperatures are expected to be in the high 80s along the Bay and above 100 inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11924244","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Walnut Creek and Concord have closed their open space parks through Monday. The East Bay Regional Park District is \u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/about-us/whats-new/news/park-closures-due-possible-high-fire-risk-sunday-september-4-thru-monday-1\">closing down 36 parks\u003c/a> Sunday through Monday to protect both people and parks, says district Fire Chief Aileen Theile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parks that are closed are right in the urban wildlife interface,” Theile said. “As we know, fires are caused by people accidentally, and so we’re trying to limit that. Also, the fuels are highly susceptible right now. We are in our third year of extreme drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Due to the Excessive Heat Warning in effect, the City of Walnut Creek Open Spaces will be closed Sept. 1 through Labor Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Open Spaces Lime Ridge, Shell Ridges & Acalanes Ridge & more are expected to be reopened by Sept. 6 when the warning is lifted. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Si5S0t9ta7\">https://t.co/Si5S0t9ta7\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/HdHHOSJDzZ\">pic.twitter.com/HdHHOSJDzZ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— City of Walnut Creek (@WalnutCreekGov) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WalnutCreekGov/status/1565127142257541120?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 31, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">All shoreline parks in the East Bay and six swim facilities will remain open.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“From a health standpoint, most agencies are recommending that if people do go out and recreate, they do it very early in the morning or very late in the evening because the heat is going to be oppressive,” Theile said.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/about-us/whats-new/news/park-closures-due-possible-high-fire-risk-sunday-september-4-thru-monday-1\">Alameda County park closures\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anthony Chabot (except campground)\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bishop Ranch\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Black Diamond Mines\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Briones Regional Park\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brushy Peak\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claremont Canyon\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contra Loma\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Crockett Hills\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diablo Foothills\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dublin Hills\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Five Canyons\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garin/Dry Creek Pioneer\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Huckleberry\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kennedy Grove\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lake Chabot\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Las Trampas\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Leona Canyon\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mission Peak\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Morgan Territory\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nejedly Staging Area located in Carquinez Strait\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ohlone Wilderness\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pleasanton Ridge\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reinhardt Redwood\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roberts\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Round Valley\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shadow Cliffs\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sibley\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sobrante Ridge\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sunol\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sycamore Valley\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tilden, Tilden Nature Area, Tilden Botanic Garden \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Tilden trains, Merry Go Round, and Golf Course to remain open)\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vargas Plateau\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Waterbird\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wildcat Canyon\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At the recommendation of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ContraCostaFire?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ContraCostaFire\u003c/a>, the City has closed its open space areas, inc. Lime Ridge Open Space and the open space areas within Newhall Community Park from Thursday, Sept. 1 through Tuesday, Sept. 6. Read more: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/KCKJKYkt26\">https://t.co/KCKJKYkt26\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/DbkYFxJ4On\">pic.twitter.com/DbkYFxJ4On\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— City of Concord CA (@CA_Concord) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CA_Concord/status/1565425028291629056?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 1, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11924598/heres-a-list-of-east-bay-parks-closed-over-labor-day-due-to-wildfire-threat","authors":["11730"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_6938","news_2905","news_4337"],"featImg":"news_11924621","label":"news"},"news_11922444":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11922444","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11922444","score":null,"sort":[1660352795000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cal-fire-director-joe-tyler","title":"CAL FIRE Director Joe Tyler | Mickaboo Companion Bird Rescue","publishDate":1660352795,"format":"video","headTitle":"KQED Newsroom | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":7052,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cb>CAL FIRE Director Joe Tyler\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As firefighters battle the McKinney Fire in Siskiyou County, we talk with CAL FIRE Director\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">and 31-year veteran of the department, \u003c/span>\u003cb>Chief Joe Tyler,\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> about the agency’s approach to fighting wildfires. We also get his response to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979560/cal-fire-fumbles-key-responsibilities-to-prevent-catastrophic-wildfires-despite-historic-budget\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">KQED and CapRadio investigation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that found that the agency has fumbled key responsibilities in preventing catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: Mickaboo Companion Bird Rescue\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every year thousands of wild birds are captured and brought to the United States to be sold as pets. While some parrots, parakeets, and others find loving homes, some become victims of abuse and neglect. This week’s Something Beautiful is Mickaboo Bird Companion Rescue in San Jose, where exotic birds of a feather have found a place to flock together. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1661539700,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":134},"headData":{"title":"CAL FIRE Director Joe Tyler | Mickaboo Companion Bird Rescue | KQED","description":"CAL FIRE Director Joe Tyler As firefighters battle the McKinney Fire in Siskiyou County, we talk with CAL FIRE Director and 31-year veteran of the department, Chief Joe Tyler, about the agency’s approach to fighting wildfires. We also get his response to a KQED and CapRadio investigation that found that the agency has fumbled key","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"CAL FIRE Director Joe Tyler | Mickaboo Companion Bird Rescue","datePublished":"2022-08-13T01:06:35.000Z","dateModified":"2022-08-26T18:48:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11922444 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11922444","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/08/12/cal-fire-director-joe-tyler/","disqusTitle":"CAL FIRE Director Joe Tyler | Mickaboo Companion Bird Rescue","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/3rlK3m5oYJ0","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11922444/cal-fire-director-joe-tyler","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>CAL FIRE Director Joe Tyler\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As firefighters battle the McKinney Fire in Siskiyou County, we talk with CAL FIRE Director\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">and 31-year veteran of the department, \u003c/span>\u003cb>Chief Joe Tyler,\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> about the agency’s approach to fighting wildfires. We also get his response to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979560/cal-fire-fumbles-key-responsibilities-to-prevent-catastrophic-wildfires-despite-historic-budget\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">KQED and CapRadio investigation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that found that the agency has fumbled key responsibilities in preventing catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: Mickaboo Companion Bird Rescue\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every year thousands of wild birds are captured and brought to the United States to be sold as pets. While some parrots, parakeets, and others find loving homes, some become victims of abuse and neglect. This week’s Something Beautiful is Mickaboo Bird Companion Rescue in San Jose, where exotic birds of a feather have found a place to flock together. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11922444/cal-fire-director-joe-tyler","authors":["11348"],"programs":["news_7052"],"categories":["news_19906","news_356"],"tags":["news_4807","news_18538","news_20341","news_255","news_17601","news_23831","news_28454","news_28839","news_31447","news_20297","news_31406","news_95","news_4337"],"featImg":"news_11922456","label":"news_7052"},"news_11921387":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11921387","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11921387","score":null,"sort":[1659550757000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nothing-to-stop-it-mckinney-fire-destroys-scenic-town-of-klamath-river","title":"'Nothing to Stop It:' McKinney Fire Destroys Scenic Town of Klamath River","publishDate":1659550757,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Roger Derry, 80, and his son have lived together in the tiny scenic hamlet of Klamath River in Northern California for more than 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They know most of the town's 200 or so residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, they're one of the few families left after California's largest and deadliest wildfire of the year raged through the modest homes and stores of the riverside town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11834901\" hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44522_002_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very sad. It’s very disheartening,” Derry said. “Some of our oldest homes, 100-year-old homes, are gone. It’s a small community. Good people, good folks, for the most part, live here and in time will rebuild. But it’s going to take some time now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McKinney Fire that erupted last Friday remained out of control, despite some progress as firefighters took advantage of thunderstorms that dumped rain, temporarily taking a bit of heat out of the parched, scorched region not far from the Oregon border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area saw another thunderstorm Tuesday that dumped heavy rain and swelled rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire has burned more than 57,000 acres, and is the largest of several wildfires burning in the Klamath National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze grew very little Tuesday, and fire officials said crews were able to use bulldozers to carve firebreaks along a ridge to protect homes and buildings in and around the small city of Yreka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several thousand people remained under evacuation orders; 100 buildings ranging from homes to greenhouses have burned and at least four bodies have been found in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The destruction of a small community has sadly become a real possibility as wildfires become fiercer in the Western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"mckinney-fire\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires in Montana, Idaho and Nebraska have destroyed some homes and continue to threaten communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just four years ago, a massive blaze in the Sierra Nevada foothills of California virtually razed the Butte County town of Paradise, killing 85 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have said climate change has made the West warmer and drier over the last three decades and will continue to make weather more extreme and wildfires more frequent and destructive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it began, the McKinney Fire was only a couple hundred acres and firefighters thought they would quickly have it under control. But then, a thunderstorm cell came in with ferocious wind gusts that within hours had pushed it into an unstoppable conflagration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roger Derry and his son, whose name is spelled Rodger Derry, decided not to evacuate when the fire broke out and said their home, which they'd tried to safeguard by trimming away nearby bushes, survived. Firefighters also showed up and dug firebreaks around the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Roger Derry, resident of the town of Klamath River \"]'When that fire came over that ridgeline, it had 100-foot flames for about five miles and the wind was blowing. It was coming down like a solid blowtorch.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they could see the fire as it tore its way through the places around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When that fire came over that ridgeline, it had 100-foot flames for about five miles and the wind was blowing. It was coming down like a solid blowtorch,\" Roger Derry said. “There was nothing to stop it,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire destroyed most of the homes, including those in a trailer park, along with the post office, community hall and other scattered businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause hasn't been determined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Klamath_NF/status/1554877429772128263\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In northwestern Montana, a fire that started Friday near the town of Elmo on the Flathead Indian Reservation has burned some structures, but authorities said they didn’t immediately know if any were homes. The blaze burned more than 18,000 acres on Wednesday, with 16% containment, fire officials said. Some residents were forced to flee Monday as gusting afternoon winds drove the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Moose Fire in Idaho has burned more than 62,000 acres in the Salmon-Challis National Forest while threatening homes, mining operations and fisheries near the town of Salmon. It was 20% contained Wednesday, according to the National Interagency Coordination Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a wildfire raging in northwestern Nebraska led to evacuations and destroyed or damaged several homes near the small city of Gering. The Carter Canyon Fire began Saturday as two separate fires that merged. It was more than 30% contained by Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Weber reported from Los Angeles. Associated Press reporters Amy Hanson in Helena, Montana; Margery Beck in Omaha, Nebraska; and Keith Ridler in Boise, Idaho, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The McKinney Fire grew very little on Tuesday but it is still not contained. Firefighters are moving to make progress as drier and hotter weather is expected over the next few days.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1659565905,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":786},"headData":{"title":"'Nothing to Stop It:' McKinney Fire Destroys Scenic Town of Klamath River | KQED","description":"The McKinney Fire grew very little on Tuesday but it is still not contained. Firefighters are moving to make progress as drier and hotter weather is expected over the next few days.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'Nothing to Stop It:' McKinney Fire Destroys Scenic Town of Klamath River","datePublished":"2022-08-03T18:19:17.000Z","dateModified":"2022-08-03T22:31:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11921387 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11921387","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/08/03/nothing-to-stop-it-mckinney-fire-destroys-scenic-town-of-klamath-river/","disqusTitle":"'Nothing to Stop It:' McKinney Fire Destroys Scenic Town of Klamath River","nprByline":"Haven Daley and Christopher Weber, Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11921387/nothing-to-stop-it-mckinney-fire-destroys-scenic-town-of-klamath-river","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Roger Derry, 80, and his son have lived together in the tiny scenic hamlet of Klamath River in Northern California for more than 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They know most of the town's 200 or so residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, they're one of the few families left after California's largest and deadliest wildfire of the year raged through the modest homes and stores of the riverside town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11834901","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44522_002_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very sad. It’s very disheartening,” Derry said. “Some of our oldest homes, 100-year-old homes, are gone. It’s a small community. Good people, good folks, for the most part, live here and in time will rebuild. But it’s going to take some time now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McKinney Fire that erupted last Friday remained out of control, despite some progress as firefighters took advantage of thunderstorms that dumped rain, temporarily taking a bit of heat out of the parched, scorched region not far from the Oregon border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area saw another thunderstorm Tuesday that dumped heavy rain and swelled rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire has burned more than 57,000 acres, and is the largest of several wildfires burning in the Klamath National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze grew very little Tuesday, and fire officials said crews were able to use bulldozers to carve firebreaks along a ridge to protect homes and buildings in and around the small city of Yreka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several thousand people remained under evacuation orders; 100 buildings ranging from homes to greenhouses have burned and at least four bodies have been found in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The destruction of a small community has sadly become a real possibility as wildfires become fiercer in the Western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","tag":"mckinney-fire"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires in Montana, Idaho and Nebraska have destroyed some homes and continue to threaten communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just four years ago, a massive blaze in the Sierra Nevada foothills of California virtually razed the Butte County town of Paradise, killing 85 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have said climate change has made the West warmer and drier over the last three decades and will continue to make weather more extreme and wildfires more frequent and destructive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it began, the McKinney Fire was only a couple hundred acres and firefighters thought they would quickly have it under control. But then, a thunderstorm cell came in with ferocious wind gusts that within hours had pushed it into an unstoppable conflagration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roger Derry and his son, whose name is spelled Rodger Derry, decided not to evacuate when the fire broke out and said their home, which they'd tried to safeguard by trimming away nearby bushes, survived. Firefighters also showed up and dug firebreaks around the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'When that fire came over that ridgeline, it had 100-foot flames for about five miles and the wind was blowing. It was coming down like a solid blowtorch.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Roger Derry, resident of the town of Klamath River ","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they could see the fire as it tore its way through the places around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When that fire came over that ridgeline, it had 100-foot flames for about five miles and the wind was blowing. It was coming down like a solid blowtorch,\" Roger Derry said. “There was nothing to stop it,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire destroyed most of the homes, including those in a trailer park, along with the post office, community hall and other scattered businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause hasn't been determined.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1554877429772128263"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In northwestern Montana, a fire that started Friday near the town of Elmo on the Flathead Indian Reservation has burned some structures, but authorities said they didn’t immediately know if any were homes. The blaze burned more than 18,000 acres on Wednesday, with 16% containment, fire officials said. Some residents were forced to flee Monday as gusting afternoon winds drove the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Moose Fire in Idaho has burned more than 62,000 acres in the Salmon-Challis National Forest while threatening homes, mining operations and fisheries near the town of Salmon. It was 20% contained Wednesday, according to the National Interagency Coordination Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a wildfire raging in northwestern Nebraska led to evacuations and destroyed or damaged several homes near the small city of Gering. The Carter Canyon Fire began Saturday as two separate fires that merged. It was more than 30% contained by Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Weber reported from Los Angeles. Associated Press reporters Amy Hanson in Helena, Montana; Margery Beck in Omaha, Nebraska; and Keith Ridler in Boise, Idaho, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11921387/nothing-to-stop-it-mckinney-fire-destroys-scenic-town-of-klamath-river","authors":["byline_news_11921387"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_4807","news_6801","news_31406","news_25000","news_4337","news_4463"],"featImg":"news_11921414","label":"news"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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