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"content": "\u003cp>For more than ten years, I’ve been traveling all over the state, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lmorehouse\">reporting stories\u003c/a> about food and farming from every county in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">the state\u003c/a>. Now, for the 58th and very last story in the series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways,\u003c/a> I went back to where I grew up — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/santa-clara-county\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>, to a special-occasion restaurant from my childhood: Chef Chu’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the restaurant opened in 1970, it was a small family business, and the area around it was a relatively sleepy suburb. Now, it’s at the heart of Silicon Valley — but they don’t deliver, and there’s no online ordering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Chef Chu’s is an institution. It’s been visited by luminaries in entertainment, politics and business. Throughout all of the change in the last 55 years, Chef Chu’s has adapted and held on, and remained true to its identity as a family business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, I met my cousin Billy and his family here — his wife Kimberly, teenagers Will and Guinevere and toddler Imogen. They’re regulars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even early on a weeknight, the lobby at Chef Chu’s was bustling. One whole wall is a glass window, looking into the kitchen where 82-year-old Chef Lawrence Chu and his cooks work. At the bar, a staff member took phone orders, and waiters in crisp white shirts and bow ties moved efficiently from room to room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067137\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers dine at Chef Chu’s in Los Altos on December 11, 2025. Chef Chu’s is a family run business, owned by Lawrence Chu, which has been operating since 1970 and is known for not only the food, but also for hosting celebrities and tech innovators. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we waited for our table we checked out a long wall of celebrity photos including Justin Bieber, Ariana Grande, Cynthia Erivo, Margaret Thatcher and Mikhail Gorbachev.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chef Chu’s opened the year I was born, and while I went there as a kid, I hadn’t eaten there in decades. For a white girl raised in the suburbs in the ‘70s and ‘80s, this was one of the few Chinese restaurants around. If I didn’t learn to eat with chopsticks at Chef Chu’s, I certainly practiced there, and I have a vague memory of my late grandma teaching me to spin a lazy Susan in the dining room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That just made it more special when Will, who has heard a lot of my stories in the car with his parents, suggested I do a story on Chef Chu’s. I asked him to co-report it with me, and many of the best questions in our interviews were his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither of us had met \u003cem>the\u003c/em> Chef Chu before, in spite of eating there countless times. We met him in a private dining room where he made us feel comfortable by pouring some tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout our time with Lawrence Chu, it was a little hard to see the differences between the man, the job, the restaurant and the brand. He’s been at this a long time.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=news_12065744 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-45-BL-KQED.jpg']He was just 26 years old when he opened Chef Chu’s. His wife — girlfriend at the time — was only 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told her ‘I have a dream. I want to open a fast food Chinese joint in every corner of America. That sounds so terrific.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She disagreed. She said, he recalled, that if he found one good location, and opened one restaurant, she would join him. He said he’s followed her advice ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But why open a restaurant?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liked to eat. I liked to talk. I liked cooking things. Making things a little different. And I liked to be the boss. I liked running things,” he said, which was evident in the large kitchen. The scene was fast-paced but very controlled, with 17 cooks prepping food, each at a different station: chopping vegetables, working the fryer, making soup. The cooks assigned to stir fry with huge woks had tidy prep stations at waist height, filled with ingredients from fresh ginger to chili paste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before the waiters carried the dishes — Mongolian beef, Kung Pau tofu, chicken salad — into the dining room, Chef Chu gave them a once-over. On one plate, he adjusted a chili pepper so the plate looked exactly how he wanted it to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chef Chu stepped away from the kitchen to do something he’s known for: taking a turn around the dining room, stopping to talk with customers. He asked each how their meals were, what they were eating and thanked them for coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One set of customers even told me that they were here on the day Chef Chu’s opened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except for the location, the restaurant didn’t look anything like Chef Chu’s does today. Chu said he started with just twelve items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067805\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Larry Chu, son of owner Lawrence Chu, sets a table at Chef Chu’s in Los Altos on December 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tam Vu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His oldest son, Larry, and the restaurant’s general manager, was born in 1973, a few years after the restaurant opened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All these customers come in and say, ‘Oh yeah, you were sitting in a baby bassinet, underneath the air conditioner, which was dripping, while your dad was stir-frying and your mom was doing everything in the front: cashier, waitress, take-out,’” he remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were in a small space at the intersection of El Camino Real and San Antonio Road in Los Altos, in a strip mall shared with a hairdresser, a sewing machine and vacuum repair shop and accounting offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a small Chinese takeout place with one door and a countertop, like at a diner, and you could sit at the counter, maybe five stools,” Larry recalled. “You could look right into the kitchen where they were stir-frying. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, everything looked like it was going great, the elder Chu said. But after six months, business was down. When they asked customers, they heard that they wanted more choices, and a dining room where their kids could throw rice and be messy. Chef Chu’s had to expand. When the sewing repair shop’s lease was up, they opened a dining room there, and kept growing until they bought the whole building complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also expanded the menu. To appeal to a wider customer base, Chef Chu started making food from four different regions of China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/Side-by-side-Downpage-5-e1766084498689.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067766\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/Side-by-side-Downpage-5-e1766084498689.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"666\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: The original Chef Chu’s, next door to the current location at the intersection of El Camino Real and San Antonio Road in Los Altos. Right: A family portrait of the Chus. Chu said his mother wanted the family to be the “Asian Kennedys.” \u003ccite>(Jon M. Chu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the family also grew — to five children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We pretty much lived here,” said Larry. “If we wanted to see my dad, we had to come to Chef Chu’s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant grew in parallel with the community around it. Larry remembers this area — which is totally developed now — looking really different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This area here in Los Altos was known for their apricot orchards. So, a lot of the houses of my friends that I grew up with — they had apricot trees growing in their backyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remembered this, too, growing up in Cupertino, but 16-year-old Will hasn’t ever seen an orchard in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, the term “Silicon Valley” wasn’t popular — yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a number of friends whose parents had companies that were building these chips that were going into these computers,” Larry said.[aside postID=news_12058556 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-28-KQED.jpg']He saw computers change from monstrosities that filled whole rooms, to desktops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chef Chu saw all of that develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Silicon Valley pioneers became Chef Chu’s regulars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. Tramiel was the founder of Atari, Chuck Geshke who founded Adobe, Gordon Moore, Paul Allen, Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs — when he was just a kid — all these people from Silicon Valley ate at Chef Chu’s,” Larry remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they were in different businesses, his dad shared a certain approach with some of these customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silicon Valley people are very quick to adapt to change,” Larry said. “They’re not scared of trying new things. And that’s just part of the community that is around you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After college, Larry moved to Hong Kong and worked in sports marketing for years. And the youngest of the kids, Jon Chu, tried his luck as a Hollywood director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, Jon M. Chu — the director of\u003cem> Crazy Rich Asians\u003c/em>, \u003cem>In the Heights\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>Wicked\u003c/em> movies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we reached out to him, Jon was on a world-wide press tour promoting \u003cem>Wicked: For Good\u003c/em>, but he sent us some voice memos from Brazil in response to our questions about growing up in Silicon Valley in the ‘80s and ‘90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067135\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067135\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An assortment of dishes at Chef Chu’s in Los Altos on December 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everywhere I turned, people were thinking of new ways of how to change the world,” Jon told us. “What tomorrow looked like was on everybody’s mind. The engineer was revered. This was before they were on the cover of magazines or drove fancy cars. It was all about work and discovery and invention and innovation there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, like his brother Larry already told us, many of those people converged at the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sharing stories, sharing space, sharing ideas was such a central part to Chef Chu’s itself. Now going into a fairly selfish business, the entertainment business, I think that that sense of ‘What does tomorrow look like?’ still stays in me in the stories that I tell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family’s dedication and hard work has also stayed with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw my dad and my mom work their butts off in the kitchen, out in the front. I saw many sides to it. There was the side that no one saw, which is the grind, the deboning the chicken, getting the deliveries in the back, my grandma doing the books with her abacus,” Jon remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he saw his parents act as the ultimate hosts: “Being the ambassadors to people who may or may not have ever met a Chinese family, whoever have had or not had Chinese food, introducing them to new flavors.”[aside postID=news_12047368 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250702-OaklandProduceMarket-13-BL_qed.jpg']There are a lot of similarities between running a restaurant and making a movie, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone knows the red carpet and when the movie’s out, but they don’t see how hard it is to begin. They don’t know how hard it is in the messy middle. They don’t know the pressures before anyone ever sees it sort of nicely colored and presented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he can’t visit as often as he likes, Jon said that Chef Chu’s will always be home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been the place that I return to to get grounded. It’s a place I return to get fed physically but also emotionally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially with his five kids in tow. His movie posters are on the walls, but he really likes having customers catch him up on all their family stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a connection point [between] what I’m doing out in Los Angeles or out in the world. The thread pulls all the way back home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a world in which this story could have gone really differently, with Chef Chu’s closing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 2000s when Jon was trying to get a foothold in Hollywood and Larry was in Hong Kong, their dad was starting to feel the strain of running the restaurant for more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067138\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067138\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chef Chu’s is located in Los Altos on December 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was burned out at the time,” said Lawrence Chu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had business collaborations, and cookbooks, but the pressure had built up over the years. Plus, his beloved wife, Ruth, had breast cancer. He knew he couldn’t run the restaurant alone forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spoke with Larry about his future plans, a conversation Larry remembers well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could never imagine Los Altos without a Chef Chu’s there. What if when I have kids, I won’t have a Chef Chu’s to bring my kids to and eat? That’s when I decided: “Yes, Dad, I’ll come back and join the family business.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how it was meant to be, Jon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were all very proud to have Larry come back. It felt like the legacy was continuing,” the director said. “There were a lot of hopes and dreams pinned on him. Coming back was like the return of the king, or the return of the prince, is a better way to say it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his father, when Larry joined the restaurant, he gave him a shot in the arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He let me feel that this is \u003cem>a life —\u003c/em> the restaurant business — instead of work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067812\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067812\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawrence Chu (right) greets David Huff (left) at Chef Chu’s in Los Altos on December 11, 2025.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When he gets tired, he said, Larry reminds him of one of Chef Chu’s own mantras that’s carried him all these years: “Treat every day like opening day,” with the same energy and drive the family felt back in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as Silicon Valley and Chef Chu’s have grown in parallel, Larry explained that he and his dad decided to take a deliberate path away from today’s tech climate of scaling up. They have one location, and no franchises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you walk into a restaurant where the chef comes out and talks to you, you can feel that this restaurant’s got a little soul to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because their customers keep coming back, Larry said, “that makes us feel like what we’re doing is worthwhile. We didn’t have to scale. Maybe enough is enough. Maybe you could be happy with what you have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our interviews wrapped up, and Will and I were about to leave, he had one more question for Larry: What’s the future of Chef Chu’s?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the question Larry asked himself 20 years ago, and now, he has a very sure answer: “You don’t have to worry about that. When my kids have their kids, there will be a Chef Chu’s here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For more than ten years, I’ve been traveling all over the state, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lmorehouse\">reporting stories\u003c/a> about food and farming from every county in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">the state\u003c/a>. Now, for the 58th and very last story in the series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways,\u003c/a> I went back to where I grew up — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/santa-clara-county\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>, to a special-occasion restaurant from my childhood: Chef Chu’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the restaurant opened in 1970, it was a small family business, and the area around it was a relatively sleepy suburb. Now, it’s at the heart of Silicon Valley — but they don’t deliver, and there’s no online ordering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Chef Chu’s is an institution. It’s been visited by luminaries in entertainment, politics and business. Throughout all of the change in the last 55 years, Chef Chu’s has adapted and held on, and remained true to its identity as a family business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, I met my cousin Billy and his family here — his wife Kimberly, teenagers Will and Guinevere and toddler Imogen. They’re regulars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even early on a weeknight, the lobby at Chef Chu’s was bustling. One whole wall is a glass window, looking into the kitchen where 82-year-old Chef Lawrence Chu and his cooks work. At the bar, a staff member took phone orders, and waiters in crisp white shirts and bow ties moved efficiently from room to room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067137\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00667_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers dine at Chef Chu’s in Los Altos on December 11, 2025. Chef Chu’s is a family run business, owned by Lawrence Chu, which has been operating since 1970 and is known for not only the food, but also for hosting celebrities and tech innovators. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we waited for our table we checked out a long wall of celebrity photos including Justin Bieber, Ariana Grande, Cynthia Erivo, Margaret Thatcher and Mikhail Gorbachev.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chef Chu’s opened the year I was born, and while I went there as a kid, I hadn’t eaten there in decades. For a white girl raised in the suburbs in the ‘70s and ‘80s, this was one of the few Chinese restaurants around. If I didn’t learn to eat with chopsticks at Chef Chu’s, I certainly practiced there, and I have a vague memory of my late grandma teaching me to spin a lazy Susan in the dining room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That just made it more special when Will, who has heard a lot of my stories in the car with his parents, suggested I do a story on Chef Chu’s. I asked him to co-report it with me, and many of the best questions in our interviews were his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither of us had met \u003cem>the\u003c/em> Chef Chu before, in spite of eating there countless times. We met him in a private dining room where he made us feel comfortable by pouring some tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout our time with Lawrence Chu, it was a little hard to see the differences between the man, the job, the restaurant and the brand. He’s been at this a long time.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He was just 26 years old when he opened Chef Chu’s. His wife — girlfriend at the time — was only 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told her ‘I have a dream. I want to open a fast food Chinese joint in every corner of America. That sounds so terrific.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She disagreed. She said, he recalled, that if he found one good location, and opened one restaurant, she would join him. He said he’s followed her advice ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But why open a restaurant?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liked to eat. I liked to talk. I liked cooking things. Making things a little different. And I liked to be the boss. I liked running things,” he said, which was evident in the large kitchen. The scene was fast-paced but very controlled, with 17 cooks prepping food, each at a different station: chopping vegetables, working the fryer, making soup. The cooks assigned to stir fry with huge woks had tidy prep stations at waist height, filled with ingredients from fresh ginger to chili paste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before the waiters carried the dishes — Mongolian beef, Kung Pau tofu, chicken salad — into the dining room, Chef Chu gave them a once-over. On one plate, he adjusted a chili pepper so the plate looked exactly how he wanted it to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chef Chu stepped away from the kitchen to do something he’s known for: taking a turn around the dining room, stopping to talk with customers. He asked each how their meals were, what they were eating and thanked them for coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One set of customers even told me that they were here on the day Chef Chu’s opened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except for the location, the restaurant didn’t look anything like Chef Chu’s does today. Chu said he started with just twelve items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067805\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00588_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Larry Chu, son of owner Lawrence Chu, sets a table at Chef Chu’s in Los Altos on December 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tam Vu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His oldest son, Larry, and the restaurant’s general manager, was born in 1973, a few years after the restaurant opened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All these customers come in and say, ‘Oh yeah, you were sitting in a baby bassinet, underneath the air conditioner, which was dripping, while your dad was stir-frying and your mom was doing everything in the front: cashier, waitress, take-out,’” he remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were in a small space at the intersection of El Camino Real and San Antonio Road in Los Altos, in a strip mall shared with a hairdresser, a sewing machine and vacuum repair shop and accounting offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a small Chinese takeout place with one door and a countertop, like at a diner, and you could sit at the counter, maybe five stools,” Larry recalled. “You could look right into the kitchen where they were stir-frying. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, everything looked like it was going great, the elder Chu said. But after six months, business was down. When they asked customers, they heard that they wanted more choices, and a dining room where their kids could throw rice and be messy. Chef Chu’s had to expand. When the sewing repair shop’s lease was up, they opened a dining room there, and kept growing until they bought the whole building complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also expanded the menu. To appeal to a wider customer base, Chef Chu started making food from four different regions of China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/Side-by-side-Downpage-5-e1766084498689.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067766\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/Side-by-side-Downpage-5-e1766084498689.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"666\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: The original Chef Chu’s, next door to the current location at the intersection of El Camino Real and San Antonio Road in Los Altos. Right: A family portrait of the Chus. Chu said his mother wanted the family to be the “Asian Kennedys.” \u003ccite>(Jon M. Chu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the family also grew — to five children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We pretty much lived here,” said Larry. “If we wanted to see my dad, we had to come to Chef Chu’s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant grew in parallel with the community around it. Larry remembers this area — which is totally developed now — looking really different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This area here in Los Altos was known for their apricot orchards. So, a lot of the houses of my friends that I grew up with — they had apricot trees growing in their backyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remembered this, too, growing up in Cupertino, but 16-year-old Will hasn’t ever seen an orchard in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, the term “Silicon Valley” wasn’t popular — yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a number of friends whose parents had companies that were building these chips that were going into these computers,” Larry said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He saw computers change from monstrosities that filled whole rooms, to desktops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chef Chu saw all of that develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Silicon Valley pioneers became Chef Chu’s regulars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. Tramiel was the founder of Atari, Chuck Geshke who founded Adobe, Gordon Moore, Paul Allen, Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs — when he was just a kid — all these people from Silicon Valley ate at Chef Chu’s,” Larry remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they were in different businesses, his dad shared a certain approach with some of these customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silicon Valley people are very quick to adapt to change,” Larry said. “They’re not scared of trying new things. And that’s just part of the community that is around you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After college, Larry moved to Hong Kong and worked in sports marketing for years. And the youngest of the kids, Jon Chu, tried his luck as a Hollywood director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, Jon M. Chu — the director of\u003cem> Crazy Rich Asians\u003c/em>, \u003cem>In the Heights\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>Wicked\u003c/em> movies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we reached out to him, Jon was on a world-wide press tour promoting \u003cem>Wicked: For Good\u003c/em>, but he sent us some voice memos from Brazil in response to our questions about growing up in Silicon Valley in the ‘80s and ‘90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067135\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067135\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00508_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An assortment of dishes at Chef Chu’s in Los Altos on December 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everywhere I turned, people were thinking of new ways of how to change the world,” Jon told us. “What tomorrow looked like was on everybody’s mind. The engineer was revered. This was before they were on the cover of magazines or drove fancy cars. It was all about work and discovery and invention and innovation there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, like his brother Larry already told us, many of those people converged at the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sharing stories, sharing space, sharing ideas was such a central part to Chef Chu’s itself. Now going into a fairly selfish business, the entertainment business, I think that that sense of ‘What does tomorrow look like?’ still stays in me in the stories that I tell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family’s dedication and hard work has also stayed with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw my dad and my mom work their butts off in the kitchen, out in the front. I saw many sides to it. There was the side that no one saw, which is the grind, the deboning the chicken, getting the deliveries in the back, my grandma doing the books with her abacus,” Jon remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he saw his parents act as the ultimate hosts: “Being the ambassadors to people who may or may not have ever met a Chinese family, whoever have had or not had Chinese food, introducing them to new flavors.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There are a lot of similarities between running a restaurant and making a movie, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone knows the red carpet and when the movie’s out, but they don’t see how hard it is to begin. They don’t know how hard it is in the messy middle. They don’t know the pressures before anyone ever sees it sort of nicely colored and presented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he can’t visit as often as he likes, Jon said that Chef Chu’s will always be home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been the place that I return to to get grounded. It’s a place I return to get fed physically but also emotionally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially with his five kids in tow. His movie posters are on the walls, but he really likes having customers catch him up on all their family stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a connection point [between] what I’m doing out in Los Angeles or out in the world. The thread pulls all the way back home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a world in which this story could have gone really differently, with Chef Chu’s closing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 2000s when Jon was trying to get a foothold in Hollywood and Larry was in Hong Kong, their dad was starting to feel the strain of running the restaurant for more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067138\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067138\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-CHEFCHU00689_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chef Chu’s is located in Los Altos on December 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was burned out at the time,” said Lawrence Chu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had business collaborations, and cookbooks, but the pressure had built up over the years. Plus, his beloved wife, Ruth, had breast cancer. He knew he couldn’t run the restaurant alone forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spoke with Larry about his future plans, a conversation Larry remembers well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could never imagine Los Altos without a Chef Chu’s there. What if when I have kids, I won’t have a Chef Chu’s to bring my kids to and eat? That’s when I decided: “Yes, Dad, I’ll come back and join the family business.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how it was meant to be, Jon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were all very proud to have Larry come back. It felt like the legacy was continuing,” the director said. “There were a lot of hopes and dreams pinned on him. Coming back was like the return of the king, or the return of the prince, is a better way to say it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his father, when Larry joined the restaurant, he gave him a shot in the arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He let me feel that this is \u003cem>a life —\u003c/em> the restaurant business — instead of work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067812\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067812\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251211-chefchu00496_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawrence Chu (right) greets David Huff (left) at Chef Chu’s in Los Altos on December 11, 2025.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When he gets tired, he said, Larry reminds him of one of Chef Chu’s own mantras that’s carried him all these years: “Treat every day like opening day,” with the same energy and drive the family felt back in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as Silicon Valley and Chef Chu’s have grown in parallel, Larry explained that he and his dad decided to take a deliberate path away from today’s tech climate of scaling up. They have one location, and no franchises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you walk into a restaurant where the chef comes out and talks to you, you can feel that this restaurant’s got a little soul to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because their customers keep coming back, Larry said, “that makes us feel like what we’re doing is worthwhile. We didn’t have to scale. Maybe enough is enough. Maybe you could be happy with what you have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our interviews wrapped up, and Will and I were about to leave, he had one more question for Larry: What’s the future of Chef Chu’s?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the question Larry asked himself 20 years ago, and now, he has a very sure answer: “You don’t have to worry about that. When my kids have their kids, there will be a Chef Chu’s here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "richmonds-minister-of-food-serves-the-bay-area-southern-bbq-california-style",
"title": "Richmond's 'Minister of Food' Serves the Bay Area Southern BBQ, California Style",
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"headTitle": "Richmond’s ‘Minister of Food’ Serves the Bay Area Southern BBQ, California Style | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>For her series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, Lisa Morehouse is reporting a story about food and farming from each of California’s 58 counties.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a corner in Richmond, California, there’s a business that has celebrated the city’s Black history and Southern roots for 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The building is bright white with a hand-painted, red sign: “CJ’s BBQ and Fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, on a recent Monday morning, the small, efficient crew was busy prepping for the week. It was clear they’ve had years on the job, and with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Reddick, who’s worked at CJ’s for about five years, sharpened knives. Larry Turner trimmed, rinsed and seasoned slabs of ribs, the way he’s done for more than 15 years. Nick Gamble took inventory of the freezers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watching and managing it all was Gamble’s uncle, Charles Evans — CJ himself — who’s nearly 80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12065457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12065457\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nick Gamble barbeques ribs at CJ’s BBQ and Fish in Richmond on Nov. 19, 2025, serving barbecue, seafood and Southern-style comfort food. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They try to keep me out of here, but they can’t,” Evans said, with a twinkle in his eye. “They can’t do what I do. I show them all how to do everything: cook, clean, repair, fix. I mean, that’s the running of the restaurant. It ain’t just one thing. You’ve got to do it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CJ’s has a brick cooker inside, but Evans prefers to cook outdoors in portable pits, in a lot surrounded by a chain link fence. He pointed to an enormous one he calls “Big Black,” which he uses for busy summer days or off-site catering jobs for clients like Chevron and the University of California. He can feed up to 800 people and safely cook four different meats — ribs, chicken, links and beef — all at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooking outside and filling the air with a meaty aroma is great marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d be surprised how many people stop when they get that smell,” he said. “They smell it, you give them a taste. Bam, you got ’em.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, above the few tables and small counter, a TV plays soap operas all day long. Evans loves his stories, which is fitting of the staff’s dynamic, Reddick noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re like a soap opera. We’re one big soap opera family. We’re all his children,” he said, laughing.[aside postID=news_12058556 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-28-KQED.jpg']Shaking his head, Evans said, “Yeah, they’re all mine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant could be a soap opera, or maybe a church. While everyone worked, Gamble quietly sang hymns to himself. Evans referred to Reddick as “Rev” — for Reverend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Rev knows he keeps us in order,” Evans said. “He gives us the word. He has to quote the Bible on us a couple times a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They joke around a lot here, Evans said, “but I don’t play with God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All my friends are preachers. I know every minister in town comes through here. But they call me the Minister of Food. They give ’em the word, and I give ’em the bread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although he shares the word, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got a lot of young nephews, cousins, friends, people. I preach to them,” Evans said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes the guys hanging out on the street corner. Evans pointed out of the window, across the street: “They come out there and drink a little bit and do whatever they do, and then they’re gone. They don’t bother us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They actually look out for CJ’s, he said. The shop doesn’t get tagged, customers aren’t bothered. The one time he was burgled, the guys on the corner identified the perpetrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Reddick prepped a plate of oxtails for a regular customer, Princess Crockett, Evans told him to add a little more food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12065454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12065454\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Reddick takes an order from a customer at CJ’s BBQ and Fish in Richmond on Nov. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She comes around in her little walker,” Evans said. “I try to take care of my seniors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like everything he got in there,” said Crockett, but she likes oxtails the best. Crockett has lived in Richmond since 1945, when, as a 5-year-old, she and her family arrived on a Greyhound bus from St. Louis, Missouri. She lives in senior housing around the corner and comes to CJ’s at least once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Okay, Princess, here you go, baby,” Evans said, handing Crockett her order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the pit, Turner checked on the links and put down some ribs. He adjusted the height of the metal grid where the meat cooks so it’s just the right distance from the charcoal, and he watched carefully, making sure the charcoal didn’t flame up and burn the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cook by heat, not by fire,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tiring work, raising the pit all day, but Turner said it’s worth it for the smiles he sees on the faces of customers enjoying the food. “It gives me a rush. And I love it,” he continued.[aside postID=news_12047368 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250702-OaklandProduceMarket-13-BL_qed.jpg']Cooking meat with smoke on a fire is something done all over the world, but in the U.S., there are lots of nuances, broad regional differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“North Carolina, Georgia — they got that vinegary taste. Memphis has a taste of its own. You know, with the sauces and the rubs. Mid-Texas, they have theirs in between,” Evans said. “So, I came up with California -Southern barbecue because we’re from Arkansas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Evans family hails from Lewisville, population 1,280, between Hope and Texarkana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandpa bought some land in Arkansas. We still have 200 acres,” he said. “He used to grow sugar cane, make sugar cane syrup. And he grew cucumbers,” for making pickles. Evans and his family went back every summer to help with the crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family moved to Richmond to work in the shipyards for World War II, Evans explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1940s, Henry J. Kaiser developed four ship-building facilities in the city, where nearly 750 ships were built. The population of Richmond nearly quadrupled as women, African Americans and out-of-state workers were recruited for the war effort. Evans’s father worked as a welder. His aunt had a job here, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was a Rosie the Riveter,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans was a “wartime baby,” one of 11 kids of Joseph and Flora Evans. His mom just died last year at the age of 105.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12065453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12065453\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles “CJ” Evans stands in the doorway at CJ’s BBQ and Fish in Richmond on Nov. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everybody in Richmond knew her. Everybody talks so highly of her. They had her funeral at the auditorium around here and packed it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her kids were growing up, Flora Evans made sure they knew the basics. “She taught us to cook, sew and clean,” he said. Evans learned Southern soul food recipes from her. His dad was the barbecue guy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He used to cook it in the backyard. He had made a pit out of an old washing machine, took the side out, took his torch, cut a hole in it. Let it smoke. He took an old refrigerator, gutted it, and put him some racks in there. They were inventive back then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans never planned on starting a restaurant. He drove for the East Bay’s public bus system.“I was driving a bus for AC Transit, routes 72P, 72M, from here to Oakland, 105 stops going and 105 stops coming back. Then I drove the school bus in the afternoon, picking up school kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a back injury ended that career, he turned to the food he’d been taught to make his whole life. He took cooking classes at Contra Costa College and a meat-cutting course in Southern California before opening a (now closed) place in Fairfield and then this spot in Richmond 30 years ago.[aside postID=news_12042713 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-01-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']He said he started off small, with only two or three slabs of ribs a day. Today, he works with up to 400 slabs a week between his two locations in Richmond and Vallejo. He added fish and Southern soul food favorites. And he’s super hands-on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not just [a] sit-down boss, I’m a working boss,” he said, prepping what he calls the “chop chop” for CJ’s macaroni salad, which he makes 10 gallons of on an average Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call it chop chop — that’s the onion, bell pepper, celery. Chop chop! ‘Cause we’ve gotta chop it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans played with the seasonings until he was satisfied with the flavors.\u003cem> “\u003c/em>I know that’s right. I know nothing’s wrong with that,” he said, sampling the batch in front of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This obsessiveness may be the key to the longevity of this shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people actually try to change their recipes or take shortcuts,” Evans said, “but people are funny. They can tell when you change anything. They can tell when I didn’t make something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddick nodded his head in agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to Evans to be consistent, to be a reliable spot in Richmond, a city that’s had a lot of good times and a lot of hard times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in the day of the wartime, everybody was bustling out here,” he said. “Shipyards, everything during the war. Everybody had a job. I’ve seen Richmond grow and go downhill and come back uphill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12065452\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12065452\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evans, Reddick and Nate Miles work in the kitchen at CJ’s BBQ and Fish in Richmond on Nov. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And he said, he’s seen the racial makeup of Richmond change a lot, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once predominantly Black, many of Richmond’s families moved to places like Stockton, Antioch and Sacramento. Now, Richmond — and Evans’ family — is really diverse. Half of his customers are Latino, and his menu is printed in both English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also wants CJ’s to be a place the Black community with ties to Richmond can return to connect with their roots, even folks who’ve moved away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m the first place in town that they hit. ‘Charles, where’s so-and-so? Where’s Miss So-and-so? Where’s the kids at?’ I try to keep up with everybody. If I don’t know, somebody in here knows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, Evans has a reputation in Richmond as the Minister of Food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All my roots are here. \u003cem>Everybody\u003c/em> in here knows me,” he said. “Where else I’m gonna go and get the recognition?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "For 30 years, Charles Evans has served the community Southern-style home cooking that pays homage to the city’s roots.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>For her series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, Lisa Morehouse is reporting a story about food and farming from each of California’s 58 counties.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a corner in Richmond, California, there’s a business that has celebrated the city’s Black history and Southern roots for 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The building is bright white with a hand-painted, red sign: “CJ’s BBQ and Fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, on a recent Monday morning, the small, efficient crew was busy prepping for the week. It was clear they’ve had years on the job, and with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Reddick, who’s worked at CJ’s for about five years, sharpened knives. Larry Turner trimmed, rinsed and seasoned slabs of ribs, the way he’s done for more than 15 years. Nick Gamble took inventory of the freezers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watching and managing it all was Gamble’s uncle, Charles Evans — CJ himself — who’s nearly 80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12065457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12065457\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-37-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nick Gamble barbeques ribs at CJ’s BBQ and Fish in Richmond on Nov. 19, 2025, serving barbecue, seafood and Southern-style comfort food. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They try to keep me out of here, but they can’t,” Evans said, with a twinkle in his eye. “They can’t do what I do. I show them all how to do everything: cook, clean, repair, fix. I mean, that’s the running of the restaurant. It ain’t just one thing. You’ve got to do it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CJ’s has a brick cooker inside, but Evans prefers to cook outdoors in portable pits, in a lot surrounded by a chain link fence. He pointed to an enormous one he calls “Big Black,” which he uses for busy summer days or off-site catering jobs for clients like Chevron and the University of California. He can feed up to 800 people and safely cook four different meats — ribs, chicken, links and beef — all at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooking outside and filling the air with a meaty aroma is great marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d be surprised how many people stop when they get that smell,” he said. “They smell it, you give them a taste. Bam, you got ’em.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, above the few tables and small counter, a TV plays soap operas all day long. Evans loves his stories, which is fitting of the staff’s dynamic, Reddick noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re like a soap opera. We’re one big soap opera family. We’re all his children,” he said, laughing.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Shaking his head, Evans said, “Yeah, they’re all mine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant could be a soap opera, or maybe a church. While everyone worked, Gamble quietly sang hymns to himself. Evans referred to Reddick as “Rev” — for Reverend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Rev knows he keeps us in order,” Evans said. “He gives us the word. He has to quote the Bible on us a couple times a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They joke around a lot here, Evans said, “but I don’t play with God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All my friends are preachers. I know every minister in town comes through here. But they call me the Minister of Food. They give ’em the word, and I give ’em the bread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although he shares the word, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got a lot of young nephews, cousins, friends, people. I preach to them,” Evans said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes the guys hanging out on the street corner. Evans pointed out of the window, across the street: “They come out there and drink a little bit and do whatever they do, and then they’re gone. They don’t bother us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They actually look out for CJ’s, he said. The shop doesn’t get tagged, customers aren’t bothered. The one time he was burgled, the guys on the corner identified the perpetrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Reddick prepped a plate of oxtails for a regular customer, Princess Crockett, Evans told him to add a little more food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12065454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12065454\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-22-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Reddick takes an order from a customer at CJ’s BBQ and Fish in Richmond on Nov. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She comes around in her little walker,” Evans said. “I try to take care of my seniors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like everything he got in there,” said Crockett, but she likes oxtails the best. Crockett has lived in Richmond since 1945, when, as a 5-year-old, she and her family arrived on a Greyhound bus from St. Louis, Missouri. She lives in senior housing around the corner and comes to CJ’s at least once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Okay, Princess, here you go, baby,” Evans said, handing Crockett her order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the pit, Turner checked on the links and put down some ribs. He adjusted the height of the metal grid where the meat cooks so it’s just the right distance from the charcoal, and he watched carefully, making sure the charcoal didn’t flame up and burn the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cook by heat, not by fire,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tiring work, raising the pit all day, but Turner said it’s worth it for the smiles he sees on the faces of customers enjoying the food. “It gives me a rush. And I love it,” he continued.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cooking meat with smoke on a fire is something done all over the world, but in the U.S., there are lots of nuances, broad regional differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“North Carolina, Georgia — they got that vinegary taste. Memphis has a taste of its own. You know, with the sauces and the rubs. Mid-Texas, they have theirs in between,” Evans said. “So, I came up with California -Southern barbecue because we’re from Arkansas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Evans family hails from Lewisville, population 1,280, between Hope and Texarkana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandpa bought some land in Arkansas. We still have 200 acres,” he said. “He used to grow sugar cane, make sugar cane syrup. And he grew cucumbers,” for making pickles. Evans and his family went back every summer to help with the crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family moved to Richmond to work in the shipyards for World War II, Evans explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1940s, Henry J. Kaiser developed four ship-building facilities in the city, where nearly 750 ships were built. The population of Richmond nearly quadrupled as women, African Americans and out-of-state workers were recruited for the war effort. Evans’s father worked as a welder. His aunt had a job here, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was a Rosie the Riveter,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans was a “wartime baby,” one of 11 kids of Joseph and Flora Evans. His mom just died last year at the age of 105.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12065453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12065453\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-21-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles “CJ” Evans stands in the doorway at CJ’s BBQ and Fish in Richmond on Nov. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everybody in Richmond knew her. Everybody talks so highly of her. They had her funeral at the auditorium around here and packed it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her kids were growing up, Flora Evans made sure they knew the basics. “She taught us to cook, sew and clean,” he said. Evans learned Southern soul food recipes from her. His dad was the barbecue guy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He used to cook it in the backyard. He had made a pit out of an old washing machine, took the side out, took his torch, cut a hole in it. Let it smoke. He took an old refrigerator, gutted it, and put him some racks in there. They were inventive back then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans never planned on starting a restaurant. He drove for the East Bay’s public bus system.“I was driving a bus for AC Transit, routes 72P, 72M, from here to Oakland, 105 stops going and 105 stops coming back. Then I drove the school bus in the afternoon, picking up school kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a back injury ended that career, he turned to the food he’d been taught to make his whole life. He took cooking classes at Contra Costa College and a meat-cutting course in Southern California before opening a (now closed) place in Fairfield and then this spot in Richmond 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said he started off small, with only two or three slabs of ribs a day. Today, he works with up to 400 slabs a week between his two locations in Richmond and Vallejo. He added fish and Southern soul food favorites. And he’s super hands-on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not just [a] sit-down boss, I’m a working boss,” he said, prepping what he calls the “chop chop” for CJ’s macaroni salad, which he makes 10 gallons of on an average Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call it chop chop — that’s the onion, bell pepper, celery. Chop chop! ‘Cause we’ve gotta chop it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans played with the seasonings until he was satisfied with the flavors.\u003cem> “\u003c/em>I know that’s right. I know nothing’s wrong with that,” he said, sampling the batch in front of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This obsessiveness may be the key to the longevity of this shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people actually try to change their recipes or take shortcuts,” Evans said, “but people are funny. They can tell when you change anything. They can tell when I didn’t make something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddick nodded his head in agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to Evans to be consistent, to be a reliable spot in Richmond, a city that’s had a lot of good times and a lot of hard times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in the day of the wartime, everybody was bustling out here,” he said. “Shipyards, everything during the war. Everybody had a job. I’ve seen Richmond grow and go downhill and come back uphill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12065452\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12065452\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251119-CJSBBQANDFISH-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evans, Reddick and Nate Miles work in the kitchen at CJ’s BBQ and Fish in Richmond on Nov. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And he said, he’s seen the racial makeup of Richmond change a lot, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once predominantly Black, many of Richmond’s families moved to places like Stockton, Antioch and Sacramento. Now, Richmond — and Evans’ family — is really diverse. Half of his customers are Latino, and his menu is printed in both English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also wants CJ’s to be a place the Black community with ties to Richmond can return to connect with their roots, even folks who’ve moved away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m the first place in town that they hit. ‘Charles, where’s so-and-so? Where’s Miss So-and-so? Where’s the kids at?’ I try to keep up with everybody. If I don’t know, somebody in here knows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, Evans has a reputation in Richmond as the Minister of Food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All my roots are here. \u003cem>Everybody\u003c/em> in here knows me,” he said. “Where else I’m gonna go and get the recognition?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are the top stories for the morning of Tuesday, November 4th, 2025. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Californians head to the polls today to decide on legislation that would change the state’s redistricting rules if passed–\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062703/in-californias-proposition-50-voters-see-a-battle-for-democracys-future\">and could set up a more protracted political battle with the Trump Administration ahead of next year’s midterm elections.\u003c/a> It has been championed by Gov. Newsom as a counter to the Texas state legislature’s decision to redraw its own district maps.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Department of Justice is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/why-the-trump-administration-is-sending-election-monitors-to-california-and-new-jersey\">sending election monitors to five counties in California\u003c/a>, claiming that it is doing so to ensure transparency of the electoral process and make sure the election follows federal laws. Critics of the move say this is voter intimidation.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Redistricting Vote Poses Wider Challenge to White House if Passed \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 50 has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062049/polls-show-prop-50-leading-ahead-of-tuesdays-election\">riding on a wave of support\u003c/a> ahead of election day, but the final hurdle for the pivotal legislation is whether voters will approve the new, temporary redistricting ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060910/proposition-50-redistricting-in-california-thoroughly-explained\">Prop. 50\u003c/a> would sideline the California Citizens Redistricting Commission starting next year, and gerrymander the state to favor Democrats. The change would last until 2031, when the state’s independent redistricting commission would resume their former duties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Governor Gavin Newsom has \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/10/proposition-50-newsom-political-future/\">championed the legislation\u003c/a>, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/13/nx-s1-5527103/california-redistricting-ballot-measure-language-texas\">Texas decided to prematurely redraw its congressional district maps in favor of the GOP.\u003c/a> It was done at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/08/21/nx-s1-5496659/texas-congressional-redistricting-trump\">demand of President Donald Trump\u003c/a>, in order to give the Republicans more secure seats in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How California votes on Prop. 50 could signal \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062572/prop-50-strikes-a-chord-for-democrats-nationwide\">how lawmakers in other states move to support\u003c/a> or oppose President Trump’s political agenda ahead of next year’s mid-term elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Election Monitors Arrive as Californians Head to the Polls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Election monitors sent from the Department of Justice will be on hand in five California counties to observe, as voters head to the polls to vote on Proposition 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials will be monitoring polling places in Kern, Riverside, Fresno, Orange and Los Angeles counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ said \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-monitor-polling-sites-california-new-jersey\">in a statement late last month\u003c/a> that the monitors are there to “ensure transparency, ballot security, and compliance with federal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Newsom has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061445/newsom-says-trump-is-rigging-the-election-with-federal-poll-monitors\">decried the move\u003c/a>, saying it’s voter intimidation, and a way for the Trump Administration to later cast doubt on the legitimacy of the results if they do not favor him or the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ said it was sending the election monitors to those specific California counties at \u003ca href=\"https://electionlawblog.org/wp-content/uploads/Letter-from-CA-GOP-Letter-to-USDOJ-DHILLON-2025-10-20.pdf\">the request of the state Republican Party Chair, Corrin Rankin.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta said he’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/27/california-will-dispatch-observers-to-watch-dojs-election-monitors-00624039?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR4Feeg4-1zsIBjcdQnzQD7jd0v2wTRePkG8cj5fuCz0E5l7gkLcZE6Fs8N2Tg_aem_9mpiXwxYxeizSAIRBGTrHA&nid=0000014f-1646-d88f-a1cf-5f46b7bd0000&nname=playbook&nrid=8e1993e0-1058-404a-87a4-d77313f15636\"> deploying a team of the state’s own monitors\u003c/a> to observe the conduct of the federal election monitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ is also sending election monitors to Passaic County in New Jersey–as votes in that state decide on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/a-look-at-the-new-jersey-governors-race-and-its-national-implications\">contentious gubernatorial race.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are the top stories for the morning of Tuesday, November 4th, 2025. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Californians head to the polls today to decide on legislation that would change the state’s redistricting rules if passed–\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062703/in-californias-proposition-50-voters-see-a-battle-for-democracys-future\">and could set up a more protracted political battle with the Trump Administration ahead of next year’s midterm elections.\u003c/a> It has been championed by Gov. Newsom as a counter to the Texas state legislature’s decision to redraw its own district maps.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Department of Justice is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/why-the-trump-administration-is-sending-election-monitors-to-california-and-new-jersey\">sending election monitors to five counties in California\u003c/a>, claiming that it is doing so to ensure transparency of the electoral process and make sure the election follows federal laws. Critics of the move say this is voter intimidation.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Redistricting Vote Poses Wider Challenge to White House if Passed \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 50 has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062049/polls-show-prop-50-leading-ahead-of-tuesdays-election\">riding on a wave of support\u003c/a> ahead of election day, but the final hurdle for the pivotal legislation is whether voters will approve the new, temporary redistricting ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060910/proposition-50-redistricting-in-california-thoroughly-explained\">Prop. 50\u003c/a> would sideline the California Citizens Redistricting Commission starting next year, and gerrymander the state to favor Democrats. The change would last until 2031, when the state’s independent redistricting commission would resume their former duties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Governor Gavin Newsom has \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/10/proposition-50-newsom-political-future/\">championed the legislation\u003c/a>, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/13/nx-s1-5527103/california-redistricting-ballot-measure-language-texas\">Texas decided to prematurely redraw its congressional district maps in favor of the GOP.\u003c/a> It was done at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/08/21/nx-s1-5496659/texas-congressional-redistricting-trump\">demand of President Donald Trump\u003c/a>, in order to give the Republicans more secure seats in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How California votes on Prop. 50 could signal \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062572/prop-50-strikes-a-chord-for-democrats-nationwide\">how lawmakers in other states move to support\u003c/a> or oppose President Trump’s political agenda ahead of next year’s mid-term elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Election Monitors Arrive as Californians Head to the Polls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Election monitors sent from the Department of Justice will be on hand in five California counties to observe, as voters head to the polls to vote on Proposition 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials will be monitoring polling places in Kern, Riverside, Fresno, Orange and Los Angeles counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ said \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-monitor-polling-sites-california-new-jersey\">in a statement late last month\u003c/a> that the monitors are there to “ensure transparency, ballot security, and compliance with federal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Newsom has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061445/newsom-says-trump-is-rigging-the-election-with-federal-poll-monitors\">decried the move\u003c/a>, saying it’s voter intimidation, and a way for the Trump Administration to later cast doubt on the legitimacy of the results if they do not favor him or the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ said it was sending the election monitors to those specific California counties at \u003ca href=\"https://electionlawblog.org/wp-content/uploads/Letter-from-CA-GOP-Letter-to-USDOJ-DHILLON-2025-10-20.pdf\">the request of the state Republican Party Chair, Corrin Rankin.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta said he’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/27/california-will-dispatch-observers-to-watch-dojs-election-monitors-00624039?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR4Feeg4-1zsIBjcdQnzQD7jd0v2wTRePkG8cj5fuCz0E5l7gkLcZE6Fs8N2Tg_aem_9mpiXwxYxeizSAIRBGTrHA&nid=0000014f-1646-d88f-a1cf-5f46b7bd0000&nname=playbook&nrid=8e1993e0-1058-404a-87a4-d77313f15636\"> deploying a team of the state’s own monitors\u003c/a> to observe the conduct of the federal election monitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ is also sending election monitors to Passaic County in New Jersey–as votes in that state decide on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/a-look-at-the-new-jersey-governors-race-and-its-national-implications\">contentious gubernatorial race.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are this morning’s headlines for the morning of November 3rd, 2025: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The government shutdown has left the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in funding limbo–after two judges on Friday ordered a reticent Trump Administration to fund the food aid program with the $5 billion in contingency funds the USDA has on hand. Meanwhile, millions of Californians who rely on the state’s version of SNAP–CalFresh–to stay fed are left wondering where their next meals will come from. Food pantries throughout the state are gearing up to meet the demand.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Meanwhile, Democratic Senator, Adam Schiff says his party is pushing to get SNAP funded while also ending the political stalemate in Washington.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061440/calfresh-snap-ebt-shutdown-find-food-banks-near-me-san-francisco-bay-area-alameda-oakland-contra-costa-newsom-national-guard\">\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know as California Food Pantries Get Ready for a Surge in Demand\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re one of the 5.5 million Californians who use CalFresh — the state’s version of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — you should now expect \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060770/snap-calfresh-food-stamps-government-shutdown-november-payments-ebt\">your November SNAP payments on your EBT card to be “delayed” \u003c/a>due to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/government-shutdown\">ongoing federal government shutdown\u003c/a>, according to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That somber revelation has foodbanks throughout California marshalling up all available resources to meet the coming surge in demand, especially ahead of the Thanksgiving holiday. We’ll walk you through how to find your nearest foodbank, what to expect and how to get involved in donations–while SNAP funding lingers in legal limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/live/donald-trump-news-updates-10-31-2025?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share\">two federal judges ruled\u003c/a> that President Donald Trump’s administration must continue to fund SNAP, and\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/live/donald-trump-news-updates-10-31-2025#0000019a-3b85-db90-a7de-3bb7cfb00000\"> gave the administration’s deadline to make its decision is today\u003c/a>. President\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \u003ca href=\"https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115471065919157533\">responded on social media\u003c/a> that he had “instructed our lawyers to ask the Court to clarify how we can legally fund SNAP as soon as possible,” but that “even if we get immediate guidance, it will unfortunately be delayed while States get the money out.” The administration had previously claimed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061823/california-sues-trump-administration-over-suspension-of-snap-benefits-during-shutdown\">it could not use the USDA’s contingency fund\u003c/a> of around $6 billion to fund SNAP benefits in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Senator Schiff Says President Trump Key to Breaking Shutdown Stalemate, Fund SNAP\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Senator Adam Schiff is calling on President Trump to get involved in congressional negotiations to fund SNAP and end the government shutdown in DC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/adam-schiff-shutdown-talks-president-trump-california-politics-360/69221541\">KCRA in Los Angeles over the weekend,\u003c/a> Schiff said, once President Trump returns from his trip overseas, he may be more receptive to striking a deal to end the shutdown, because “now that I think Americans are seeing their insurance costs, I think it is really increasing the pressure on the White House to try to fix this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump spent\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/11/01/nx-s1-5593444/trump-government-shutdown-travel\"> nearly half the duration of the shutdown traveling outside of Washington. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are this morning’s headlines for the morning of November 3rd, 2025: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The government shutdown has left the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in funding limbo–after two judges on Friday ordered a reticent Trump Administration to fund the food aid program with the $5 billion in contingency funds the USDA has on hand. Meanwhile, millions of Californians who rely on the state’s version of SNAP–CalFresh–to stay fed are left wondering where their next meals will come from. Food pantries throughout the state are gearing up to meet the demand.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Meanwhile, Democratic Senator, Adam Schiff says his party is pushing to get SNAP funded while also ending the political stalemate in Washington.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061440/calfresh-snap-ebt-shutdown-find-food-banks-near-me-san-francisco-bay-area-alameda-oakland-contra-costa-newsom-national-guard\">\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know as California Food Pantries Get Ready for a Surge in Demand\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re one of the 5.5 million Californians who use CalFresh — the state’s version of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — you should now expect \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060770/snap-calfresh-food-stamps-government-shutdown-november-payments-ebt\">your November SNAP payments on your EBT card to be “delayed” \u003c/a>due to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/government-shutdown\">ongoing federal government shutdown\u003c/a>, according to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That somber revelation has foodbanks throughout California marshalling up all available resources to meet the coming surge in demand, especially ahead of the Thanksgiving holiday. We’ll walk you through how to find your nearest foodbank, what to expect and how to get involved in donations–while SNAP funding lingers in legal limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/live/donald-trump-news-updates-10-31-2025?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share\">two federal judges ruled\u003c/a> that President Donald Trump’s administration must continue to fund SNAP, and\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/live/donald-trump-news-updates-10-31-2025#0000019a-3b85-db90-a7de-3bb7cfb00000\"> gave the administration’s deadline to make its decision is today\u003c/a>. President\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \u003ca href=\"https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115471065919157533\">responded on social media\u003c/a> that he had “instructed our lawyers to ask the Court to clarify how we can legally fund SNAP as soon as possible,” but that “even if we get immediate guidance, it will unfortunately be delayed while States get the money out.” The administration had previously claimed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061823/california-sues-trump-administration-over-suspension-of-snap-benefits-during-shutdown\">it could not use the USDA’s contingency fund\u003c/a> of around $6 billion to fund SNAP benefits in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Senator Schiff Says President Trump Key to Breaking Shutdown Stalemate, Fund SNAP\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Senator Adam Schiff is calling on President Trump to get involved in congressional negotiations to fund SNAP and end the government shutdown in DC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/adam-schiff-shutdown-talks-president-trump-california-politics-360/69221541\">KCRA in Los Angeles over the weekend,\u003c/a> Schiff said, once President Trump returns from his trip overseas, he may be more receptive to striking a deal to end the shutdown, because “now that I think Americans are seeing their insurance costs, I think it is really increasing the pressure on the White House to try to fix this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump spent\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/11/01/nx-s1-5593444/trump-government-shutdown-travel\"> nearly half the duration of the shutdown traveling outside of Washington. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>Here are this morning’s headlines for Thursday, October 30, 2025:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul style=\"text-align: left\">\n\u003cli>In Part 4 of our series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061715/california-divided-heres-whats-at-stake-for-californians-whose-districts-could-get-rewritten-by-prop-50\">California Divided\u003c/a>, we head north, to speak with residents in District 1, who’ve expressed concern over the impact that Proposition 50 will have on their voting power if it passes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Trump Administration is halting automatic renewals of work permits for immigrants. The policy, which begins today, could force thousands of immigrants out of work, and leaving them in limbo, as their applications for renewal get stuck in a growing queue.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In California’s Far North, Voters Worry Redistricting Means Republican Bastions Will Buck Up Against Coastal Blue Enclaves\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">California’s 1st Congressional \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/member/district/doug-lamalfa/L000578\">District 1 is the state’s largest by geography\u003c/a>: It stretches from Modoc County in the northeast corner of the state to the Klamath National Forest in the west, and down south to the city of Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">While it’s vast, Modoc is the third-least populated county in the state. It’s part of a congressional district created to include counties that depend on natural resources like ranching, timber and farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/proposition-50\">Proposition 50\u003c/a>, that would change: Modoc would still be clustered with like-minded Siskiyou and Shasta counties, but it would be in the same congressional district — District 2 — as Marin County on the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Some residents are concerned that the new maps would further reduce their political power in a super-blue state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.wgbh.org/news/local/2025-10-29/feds-end-the-automatic-renewals-of-most-immigrants-work-permits\">\u003cstrong>The White House Ends Renewal Extensions, Automatic Renewals for Immigrant Work Permits\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The Trump administration is getting rid of a policy that offered extra time to many immigrants seeking work permit renewals. The sudden shift takes effect Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Attorneys are concerned the end of this grace period means people will be forced out of their jobs as their renewal applications get stuck in growing administrative backlogs later this winter. Immigrants can’t legally work without a valid work permit, and employers often check for those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Attorneys say the shift is likely to impact thousands of immigrants of varying statuses who already have a legal way to work and will need to renew their work permits. It does not effect immigrants currently in the middle of an extension.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>Here are this morning’s headlines for Thursday, October 30, 2025:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul style=\"text-align: left\">\n\u003cli>In Part 4 of our series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061715/california-divided-heres-whats-at-stake-for-californians-whose-districts-could-get-rewritten-by-prop-50\">California Divided\u003c/a>, we head north, to speak with residents in District 1, who’ve expressed concern over the impact that Proposition 50 will have on their voting power if it passes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Trump Administration is halting automatic renewals of work permits for immigrants. The policy, which begins today, could force thousands of immigrants out of work, and leaving them in limbo, as their applications for renewal get stuck in a growing queue.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In California’s Far North, Voters Worry Redistricting Means Republican Bastions Will Buck Up Against Coastal Blue Enclaves\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">California’s 1st Congressional \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/member/district/doug-lamalfa/L000578\">District 1 is the state’s largest by geography\u003c/a>: It stretches from Modoc County in the northeast corner of the state to the Klamath National Forest in the west, and down south to the city of Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">While it’s vast, Modoc is the third-least populated county in the state. It’s part of a congressional district created to include counties that depend on natural resources like ranching, timber and farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/proposition-50\">Proposition 50\u003c/a>, that would change: Modoc would still be clustered with like-minded Siskiyou and Shasta counties, but it would be in the same congressional district — District 2 — as Marin County on the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Some residents are concerned that the new maps would further reduce their political power in a super-blue state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.wgbh.org/news/local/2025-10-29/feds-end-the-automatic-renewals-of-most-immigrants-work-permits\">\u003cstrong>The White House Ends Renewal Extensions, Automatic Renewals for Immigrant Work Permits\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The Trump administration is getting rid of a policy that offered extra time to many immigrants seeking work permit renewals. The sudden shift takes effect Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Attorneys are concerned the end of this grace period means people will be forced out of their jobs as their renewal applications get stuck in growing administrative backlogs later this winter. Immigrants can’t legally work without a valid work permit, and employers often check for those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Attorneys say the shift is likely to impact thousands of immigrants of varying statuses who already have a legal way to work and will need to renew their work permits. It does not effect immigrants currently in the middle of an extension.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, Francesca Thomas walked along the edge of the San Francisco Bay in Hayward, trying to picture where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11922175/remembering-russell-city-a-thriving-east-bay-town-razed-by-racist-government\">Russell City\u003c/a> once stood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The community was demolished before Thomas, 57, was born, but she grew up hearing stories from relatives who lived there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1930s, Thomas’ great-great-grandmother, Leona Alves, was one of the few Black women who owned and operated a business in Russell City — a restaurant called Ideal Dining. Like the city’s residents, the clientele were mostly Black, Latino and poor white families boxed out of other Bay Area neighborhoods by redlining and the cost of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White linen tablecloths and bouquets of fresh-cut flowers adorned the tables; at night, one end of the small dining room became a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADo9-YAflaQ\">stage for musicians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On some evenings, Thomas said her mom and aunt — then just kids and not allowed into the restaurant at night — would slip into the dining room and hide under the tables to watch the performances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12057118\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12057118\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED-1536x939.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Musicians performing at Ideal Dining, a restaurant owned by Leona Alves in Russell City. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Francesca Thomas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My aunt says that L.C. Robinson was her favorite artist to listen to,” she said, referring to the Texan-turned-Californian blues legend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1963, Alameda County leveled Russell City’s 24 city blocks using federal urban renewal funds and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11999415/california-reparations-bill-for-racist-land-seizures-advances-to-newsoms-desk\">eminent domain laws\u003c/a>, which allow the government to force the sale of private property to make way for infrastructure projects that, they say, serve the public good. The move displaced more than 1,000 people, including Thomas’ family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Legislature approved Assembly Bill 62, which would have allowed people who lost homes and businesses through discriminatory uses of eminent domain to seek compensation — a first-in-the-nation attempt at reparations for this kind of displacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 13, Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed AB 62, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059600/newsom-vetoes-stall-californias-reparations-push-for-black-descendants\">among several other proposed laws that would have advanced\u003c/a> the cause of reparations for Black descendants of enslaved people. The bill would have allowed people who lost property through the racist use of eminent domain laws to apply for compensation from the state. In his veto statement, Newsom said the plan was too expensive and complicated to implement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of California’s reparations movement point to Germany’s decades-long programs for Holocaust survivors as proof that restitution, though imperfect, can restore a measure of dignity and wealth to families torn apart by state-sanctioned injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Racially Motivated Eminent Domain\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the city of Hayward made a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897843/decades-after-cultural-genocide-residents-of-a-bulldozed-community-get-apology-from-hayward\">formal apology\u003c/a> to former residents, acknowledging that the destruction of Russell City — like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11825401/how-urban-renewal-decimated-the-fillmore-district-and-took-jazz-with-it\">the destruction of the Fillmore\u003c/a> District across the Bay in San Francisco — was part of a nationwide \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/urban-renewal-projects-maps-united-states\">pattern \u003c/a>of uprooting communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202520260ab62\">AB 62\u003c/a> would have been the first law in the United States to create a pathway to reparations for victims of these practices. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11999415/california-reparations-bill-for-racist-land-seizures-advances-to-newsoms-desk\">Newsom vetoed a similar bill\u003c/a> last year over design flaws.[aside postID=news_12049197 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/IMG_2829-1020x765.jpg']The law stems from a series of recommendations made by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953025/reparations-task-forces-final-report-covers-much-more-than-money\">California reparations task force\u003c/a>, designed to end and redress the legacy of anti-Black policies throughout the state’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California’s Legislative Black Caucus introduced a package of 14 priority reparations bills. Six were enacted, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006819/california-to-issue-apology-for-slavery-as-newsom-signs-reparations-bills\">an official apology\u003c/a> to address the role of California officials who promoted slavery at the state’s founding and for persisting racial disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 13, however, Newsom vetoed a handful of bills advancing the cause of reparations for Black Californians, dealing the latest blow to the movement to atone for state-inflicted harms from slavery to the present day. This included a series of bills that would give public universities the option to prioritize descendants of enslaved people for admission and would expand access to homebuyer loans and professional licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vetoes come days after reparations advocates were encouraged by Newsom’s approval of Senate Bill 518, which created a new state agency to oversee restitution for descendants of enslaved people. The law, authored by state Sen. Akilah Weber Pierson, D-San Diego, establishes a bureau within the Civil Rights Department that will verify eligibility, process claims and recommend how the state might deliver tangible repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s reparations plan is the first of its kind in the nation, but it builds on global precedents. One of the oldest is Germany’s reparations programs for survivors of the Holocaust and their descendants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053828\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053828\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francesca Thomas, a Hayward native and great-granddaughter of Leona Alves, owner of Ideal Dining, a restaurant and nightclub in Russell City, holds a photograph of five generations of her family, from her mother to great-great-great-grandmother, in Hayward on Aug. 6, 2025. She is involved in efforts to preserve the community’s history through the Russell City Reparative Justice Project. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What German Holocaust reparations started,” said Thomas Craemer, a German political scientist who advised the California task force, “was to serve as a historical precedent for systematically addressing past atrocities and to say that a government is responsible for its actions or what actions it allows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California lawmakers consider reparations policies for the second year in a row, KQED spoke with Bay Area residents who received reparations for the Holocaust to hear what the German programs meant to them and what similar proposals in California could mean for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It could have been lost to history’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a recent rainy afternoon in Berlin, Sam Hollenbach, 27, sat by the front windows of Cafe Quitte in the city’s Kreuzberg neighborhood. Hollenbach said he’s not much of an art guy but, as he scrolled through photos of lithograph prints on his phone, he had to admit: his great-great-grandfather, Max Rosenfeld, had good taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prints are a series of monochromatic maritime scenes that once belonged to Rosenfeld, a German Jew and art collector. They remind Hollenbach of his early childhood, living on a boat in the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12057122\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12057122\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-160x58.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1536x556.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the Holocaust, 23 lithographs by the German-Uruguayan artist Carlos Grethe, among other works of art, were taken from Max Rosenfeld. Recently, the Stuttgart Art Museum displayed the pieces in an exhibit about post-WWII art restitution, then returned the prints to Rosenfeld’s descendants in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sam Hollenbach)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“To see this is what my great-great-grandfather liked and collected?” said Hollenbach, who never met Rosenfeld. “It’s funny to see that appreciation passed down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Holocaust, Rosenfeld’s children, Sam’s great-grandparents, fled to the U.S. Rosenfeld chose initially to stay behind, and eventually, the Nazis arrested him. According to what his family has been able to uncover, Rosenfeld became sick and died in Nazi custody. His art collection was lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the art is slowly making its way to the house in Oakland where Hollenbach grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It began with an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I almost didn’t even open it,” Jill Hollenbach, Sam’s mother, said over Zoom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Hollenbach, Rosenfeld’s great-granddaughter, grew up in Los Angeles. She remembers hearing the story of her family’s escape from Germany: her grandparents pretending to leave on a short business trip; her mother, a baby, hidden in a laundry basket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was a young kid and other kids were having nightmares about monsters,” Jill Hollenbach, 60, said, “I was having nightmares about Nazis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053832\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053832\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jill Hollenbach holds a portrait of her great-grandfather by an artist whose work he collected at her home in Oakland on Aug. 21, 2025. The pieces were returned to her family by the German government as part of post-World War II restitution efforts to restore property stolen from Jewish families during the Holocaust. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even after she’d grown out of childhood fears, she remained wary of the country her grandparents fled. When she met Germans, she couldn’t help but wonder about \u003cem>their\u003c/em> grandparents: “Were they smashing out my grandparents’ windows? Were they ratting them out to the SS?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The language was the language of people I loved very much. The food is the food [that] people I loved very much made for me,” said Jill Hollenbach, who was close with her German-born grandparents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, Hollenbach heard from a cousin that she could apply for German citizenship through a special program for descendants of Holocaust survivors. She began to fill out applications for herself and her two kids. As part of the process, she had to prove her lineage — similar to what the California reparations plan proposes for people hoping to claim benefits earmarked for the descendants of enslaved Africans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I reconnected to the idea of the fact that this is our country — my family’s history is in Germany,” she said. “Why shouldn’t we be German citizens? I felt like we were reclaiming something that should have been ours.”[aside postID=news_12046328 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-1020x680.jpg']The email that arrived later that year gave her additional reason to believe Germany today might be different from the place her family fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message was from an art historian working in a public museum in Stuttgart and read: “Are you the granddaughter or great-granddaughter of Max Rosenfeld? We have some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kunstmuseum-stuttgart.de/en/provenance-research\">artwork\u003c/a> that we think belonged to him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of state-employed researchers examining the origin of art in German collections. If found to be ill-gotten, they facilitate the art’s return to its rightful owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After reaching Hollenbach, the Stuttgart Art Museum began sending Rosenfeld’s art to Oakland. The first pieces arrived this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Sam Hollenbach, who is using his new German citizenship to live in Berlin, the return of his great-great-grandfather’s art shows some Germans are dedicated to a meaningful effort to, where possible, do right by the families that lost property during the Holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason that they needed to return that to us. We had no idea that these art pieces existed … It could have just been lost to history,” Hollenbach said. “But the fact that there was such an effort made to return these pieces goes a long way to make me, now someone who has returned to Germany, feel comfortable being here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12057119\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12057119\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam Hollenbach, born and raised in Oakland poses for a portrait in Cafe Quitte in Berlin, Germany on June 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Annelise Finney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Hollenbach thinks about California’s reparations plan, he worries about a possible backlash to some of the recommendations, especially as the Trump administration condemns diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. But generally, he’s supportive of the state’s efforts to atone for its past racist policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way to undo what happened,” he said. “You can at least kind of ease the pain for the people who were affected by it, and at some point, that’s the best you can do. I hope that we can do more of that in the U.S. in general. I’m glad to hear California is leading the charge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“To make good again”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The art return and renaturalization initiatives that the Hollenbachs benefit from are part of a larger commitment Germany made after World War II to address the damage the Holocaust wrought on individual lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, post-war Germany sought distance from the Nazis, Israel needed funds to absorb Holocaust refugees, and Jewish groups abroad pushed for financial support. The three interests converged.[aside postID=news_12044638 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/12m-Reparations-1.jpg']The resulting compensation agreements, signed in 1952, became key pillars of what in Germany is known as \u003cem>Wiedergutmachung\u003c/em>, or “to make good again.” Since then, the German government has created more than a \u003ca href=\"https://www.archivportal-d.de/content/themenportale/wiedergutmachung/geschichte\">dozen \u003c/a>compensation programs paying out more than $90 billion to Holocaust survivors and their spouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those payments are lump sums meant to address specific harms — such as being subjected to slave labor for German businesses or mistreated as a prisoner of war — and others are ongoing monthly pensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to compensation, restitution laws, including changes to German property law, have allowed for the return of art, businesses and homes stolen by the Nazis or sold under pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of stolen artworks and cultural objects have been \u003ca href=\"https://kulturgutverluste.de/en\">returned\u003c/a>. Still, researchers at the Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs say \u003ca href=\"https://jcpa.org/article/restitution-of-holocaust-era-assets-promises-and-reality/\">less than 20%\u003c/a> of assets stolen from Jewish owners by the Nazis and their collaborators have been returned. The return of homes has proven complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Anselmo, California, Elissa Eckman knows this firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“It was our house, my grandmother’s house”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Growing up, Eckman, the mother of KQED reporter Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman, was often one of the few Jewish kids in her schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to get bullied for being a Jew in Oregon, in Utah, and even in Illinois, where we lived,” said Eckman, 77.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053835\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053835\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elissa Eckman looks through family photos at her home in San Anselmo on Aug. 26, 2025. Her family had a home in Eisenach, Germany, which was taken from them during the Holocaust and later returned through post-World War II restitution. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the Holocaust, Eckman’s grandmother, Renata Eckmann, lived in the central German town of Eisenach, Germany, in a three-story home. Her husband ran a department store on one of the city’s main drags. The name Eckmann was emblazoned in bold letters above the shop’s second-floor windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Nazis rose to power in the 1930s, Renata’s children left for the U.S. When they arrived, they dropped the second N from their last name. Renata stayed, was arrested, and, along with the other Jewish residents of Eisenach, was imprisoned at \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/theresienstadt\">Theresienstadt\u003c/a>, a concentration camp in what was then Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the war’s end, she was one of the few survivors. By then, her home was in the hands of new owners. She made her way to the U.S. to join her children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Renata heard of the start of restitution programs, she filed a claim with the German government to get her house back. But it was complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother supposedly sold the house to some German people, and they owned the house. So that became the issue. Who owned the house?” Eckman recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ensuing court battle wound on for decades, outlasting Renata. After her death, Elissa, then a young public defender in the Bay Area, sought out a German lawyer to take up the case.[aside postID=news_12036599 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250409-LIVERMORE-BLACK-LAND-MD-10-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg']“I felt that I was fighting the Nazis, so to speak,” Eckman said. “This was a wrong that needed to be righted, and it had to be done. I was going to make sure that we got that house back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, a German court ruled that the Nazis pressured Renata to sell the home for less than it was worth. It returned the home to the family. Her descendants sold the house and split the money; Eckman said she received about $30,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was nice to have the money because I didn’t have a lot of money,” she said, laughing. “But it wasn’t about the money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, Eckman said the long and complicated process of getting her grandmother’s house back reveals some of the messiness of trying to make things right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Germany’s programs were and are controversial. Some people were left out, and the claim review processes have been criticized as being overly burdensome and demeaning to victims. Property return, in particular, is considered by some to be woefully incomplete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Germany’s reparations commitments also include material and political support for Israel, which has come under increased scrutiny as UN officials and some Holocaust scholars accuse Israel of committing an ongoing genocide in Gaza. Over the last two years, Germans protesting their government’s support for Israel have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/germany-dozens-injured-at-berlin-pro-palestinian-protest/a-72568069\">staged street demonstrations\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Txy6MnoEDE\">campus occupations\u003c/a> in Berlin, prompting crackdowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053833\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elissa Eckman holds a photo of her family home in Eisenach, Germany, at her home in San Anselmo on Aug. 26, 2025. The house had been taken from her family during the Holocaust and was later returned through post-World War II restitution. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even the word \u003cem>Wiedergutmachung\u003c/em> has drawn condemnation for its implication that the murder of six million Jews, the mass theft and displacement of families and years of forced labor during the Holocaust could ever be “made good again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckman said she’d like to see Germany’s property return processes streamlined but thinks the general idea could be applied to other places, including in California: “I think that if people can establish that they had property that was taken from them, they should get it back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Russell City\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While there are meaningful differences between the theft of Jewish property during the Holocaust and American slavery’s legacy of anti-Black policies, Germany’s Holocaust reparations programs still offer valuable lessons about reconciliation and repair, however imperfect.[aside postID=news_12033789 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250324-WongKimArk-02-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']Thomas said she finds herself imagining what Russell City would have been like — if Alameda County and Hayward hadn’t destroyed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think many people would still be here getting the benefit of that generational wealth,” Thomas said. “I think it would have been a thriving community if they had just been given a chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the neighborhood was bulldozed, Alameda County sold the area for $2.4 million to a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In an eminent domain situation, normally you have land that is put to public use, like a freeway, like a school,” Thomas said. “When I look around and see that it’s just an industrial park — that you removed people from their businesses and their homes to create an industrial park? I’m sorry, it just makes me ill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Alameda County and Hayward created a $1 million \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12048684/alameda-county-set-to-approve-reparations-fund-for-displaced-russell-city-residents#:~:text=Aisha%20Knowles'%20father%20grew%20up%20in%20a,1960s%2C%20forcibly%20displacing%20more%20than%201%2C000%20people.\">Russell City Redress Fund\u003c/a>, which it said will make direct payments to living former Russell City residents who had property seized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hayward-ca.gov/russell-city-reparative-justice-project\">The city of Hayward\u003c/a> said the money isn’t compensation or tied to property value, but a way to acknowledge the lasting harm from Russell City’s destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053827\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francesca Thomas, a native of Hayward and great‑granddaughter of Leona Alves, who owned Ideal Dining and Miss Alves, a restaurant and club, in Russell City, holds a historic photo from the city in Hayward on Aug. 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thomas said local efforts like this are a step in the right direction. Her four surviving relatives, who are former residents of Russell City, are planning to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, Thomas said it’s inspiring to hear that some Californians have already benefited from property return laws, even if they come from another country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a matter of taking a particular model and copying it,” Thomas said of Germany’s efforts. “It would be a matter of taking a particular model and improving on it, right? And taking into account what we’ve experienced in our own country, to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, Francesca Thomas walked along the edge of the San Francisco Bay in Hayward, trying to picture where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11922175/remembering-russell-city-a-thriving-east-bay-town-razed-by-racist-government\">Russell City\u003c/a> once stood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The community was demolished before Thomas, 57, was born, but she grew up hearing stories from relatives who lived there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1930s, Thomas’ great-great-grandmother, Leona Alves, was one of the few Black women who owned and operated a business in Russell City — a restaurant called Ideal Dining. Like the city’s residents, the clientele were mostly Black, Latino and poor white families boxed out of other Bay Area neighborhoods by redlining and the cost of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White linen tablecloths and bouquets of fresh-cut flowers adorned the tables; at night, one end of the small dining room became a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADo9-YAflaQ\">stage for musicians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On some evenings, Thomas said her mom and aunt — then just kids and not allowed into the restaurant at night — would slip into the dining room and hide under the tables to watch the performances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12057118\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12057118\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/LIVE-MUSIC-AT-IDEAL-DINING-KQED-1536x939.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Musicians performing at Ideal Dining, a restaurant owned by Leona Alves in Russell City. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Francesca Thomas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My aunt says that L.C. Robinson was her favorite artist to listen to,” she said, referring to the Texan-turned-Californian blues legend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1963, Alameda County leveled Russell City’s 24 city blocks using federal urban renewal funds and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11999415/california-reparations-bill-for-racist-land-seizures-advances-to-newsoms-desk\">eminent domain laws\u003c/a>, which allow the government to force the sale of private property to make way for infrastructure projects that, they say, serve the public good. The move displaced more than 1,000 people, including Thomas’ family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Legislature approved Assembly Bill 62, which would have allowed people who lost homes and businesses through discriminatory uses of eminent domain to seek compensation — a first-in-the-nation attempt at reparations for this kind of displacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 13, Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed AB 62, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059600/newsom-vetoes-stall-californias-reparations-push-for-black-descendants\">among several other proposed laws that would have advanced\u003c/a> the cause of reparations for Black descendants of enslaved people. The bill would have allowed people who lost property through the racist use of eminent domain laws to apply for compensation from the state. In his veto statement, Newsom said the plan was too expensive and complicated to implement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of California’s reparations movement point to Germany’s decades-long programs for Holocaust survivors as proof that restitution, though imperfect, can restore a measure of dignity and wealth to families torn apart by state-sanctioned injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Racially Motivated Eminent Domain\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the city of Hayward made a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897843/decades-after-cultural-genocide-residents-of-a-bulldozed-community-get-apology-from-hayward\">formal apology\u003c/a> to former residents, acknowledging that the destruction of Russell City — like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11825401/how-urban-renewal-decimated-the-fillmore-district-and-took-jazz-with-it\">the destruction of the Fillmore\u003c/a> District across the Bay in San Francisco — was part of a nationwide \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/urban-renewal-projects-maps-united-states\">pattern \u003c/a>of uprooting communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202520260ab62\">AB 62\u003c/a> would have been the first law in the United States to create a pathway to reparations for victims of these practices. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11999415/california-reparations-bill-for-racist-land-seizures-advances-to-newsoms-desk\">Newsom vetoed a similar bill\u003c/a> last year over design flaws.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The law stems from a series of recommendations made by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953025/reparations-task-forces-final-report-covers-much-more-than-money\">California reparations task force\u003c/a>, designed to end and redress the legacy of anti-Black policies throughout the state’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California’s Legislative Black Caucus introduced a package of 14 priority reparations bills. Six were enacted, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006819/california-to-issue-apology-for-slavery-as-newsom-signs-reparations-bills\">an official apology\u003c/a> to address the role of California officials who promoted slavery at the state’s founding and for persisting racial disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 13, however, Newsom vetoed a handful of bills advancing the cause of reparations for Black Californians, dealing the latest blow to the movement to atone for state-inflicted harms from slavery to the present day. This included a series of bills that would give public universities the option to prioritize descendants of enslaved people for admission and would expand access to homebuyer loans and professional licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vetoes come days after reparations advocates were encouraged by Newsom’s approval of Senate Bill 518, which created a new state agency to oversee restitution for descendants of enslaved people. The law, authored by state Sen. Akilah Weber Pierson, D-San Diego, establishes a bureau within the Civil Rights Department that will verify eligibility, process claims and recommend how the state might deliver tangible repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s reparations plan is the first of its kind in the nation, but it builds on global precedents. One of the oldest is Germany’s reparations programs for survivors of the Holocaust and their descendants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053828\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053828\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-04-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francesca Thomas, a Hayward native and great-granddaughter of Leona Alves, owner of Ideal Dining, a restaurant and nightclub in Russell City, holds a photograph of five generations of her family, from her mother to great-great-great-grandmother, in Hayward on Aug. 6, 2025. She is involved in efforts to preserve the community’s history through the Russell City Reparative Justice Project. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What German Holocaust reparations started,” said Thomas Craemer, a German political scientist who advised the California task force, “was to serve as a historical precedent for systematically addressing past atrocities and to say that a government is responsible for its actions or what actions it allows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California lawmakers consider reparations policies for the second year in a row, KQED spoke with Bay Area residents who received reparations for the Holocaust to hear what the German programs meant to them and what similar proposals in California could mean for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It could have been lost to history’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a recent rainy afternoon in Berlin, Sam Hollenbach, 27, sat by the front windows of Cafe Quitte in the city’s Kreuzberg neighborhood. Hollenbach said he’s not much of an art guy but, as he scrolled through photos of lithograph prints on his phone, he had to admit: his great-great-grandfather, Max Rosenfeld, had good taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prints are a series of monochromatic maritime scenes that once belonged to Rosenfeld, a German Jew and art collector. They remind Hollenbach of his early childhood, living on a boat in the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12057122\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12057122\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-160x58.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250922-HOLOCAUST-REPARATIONS-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1536x556.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the Holocaust, 23 lithographs by the German-Uruguayan artist Carlos Grethe, among other works of art, were taken from Max Rosenfeld. Recently, the Stuttgart Art Museum displayed the pieces in an exhibit about post-WWII art restitution, then returned the prints to Rosenfeld’s descendants in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sam Hollenbach)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“To see this is what my great-great-grandfather liked and collected?” said Hollenbach, who never met Rosenfeld. “It’s funny to see that appreciation passed down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Holocaust, Rosenfeld’s children, Sam’s great-grandparents, fled to the U.S. Rosenfeld chose initially to stay behind, and eventually, the Nazis arrested him. According to what his family has been able to uncover, Rosenfeld became sick and died in Nazi custody. His art collection was lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the art is slowly making its way to the house in Oakland where Hollenbach grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It began with an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I almost didn’t even open it,” Jill Hollenbach, Sam’s mother, said over Zoom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Hollenbach, Rosenfeld’s great-granddaughter, grew up in Los Angeles. She remembers hearing the story of her family’s escape from Germany: her grandparents pretending to leave on a short business trip; her mother, a baby, hidden in a laundry basket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was a young kid and other kids were having nightmares about monsters,” Jill Hollenbach, 60, said, “I was having nightmares about Nazis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053832\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053832\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250821-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-12-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jill Hollenbach holds a portrait of her great-grandfather by an artist whose work he collected at her home in Oakland on Aug. 21, 2025. The pieces were returned to her family by the German government as part of post-World War II restitution efforts to restore property stolen from Jewish families during the Holocaust. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even after she’d grown out of childhood fears, she remained wary of the country her grandparents fled. When she met Germans, she couldn’t help but wonder about \u003cem>their\u003c/em> grandparents: “Were they smashing out my grandparents’ windows? Were they ratting them out to the SS?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The language was the language of people I loved very much. The food is the food [that] people I loved very much made for me,” said Jill Hollenbach, who was close with her German-born grandparents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, Hollenbach heard from a cousin that she could apply for German citizenship through a special program for descendants of Holocaust survivors. She began to fill out applications for herself and her two kids. As part of the process, she had to prove her lineage — similar to what the California reparations plan proposes for people hoping to claim benefits earmarked for the descendants of enslaved Africans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I reconnected to the idea of the fact that this is our country — my family’s history is in Germany,” she said. “Why shouldn’t we be German citizens? I felt like we were reclaiming something that should have been ours.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The email that arrived later that year gave her additional reason to believe Germany today might be different from the place her family fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message was from an art historian working in a public museum in Stuttgart and read: “Are you the granddaughter or great-granddaughter of Max Rosenfeld? We have some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kunstmuseum-stuttgart.de/en/provenance-research\">artwork\u003c/a> that we think belonged to him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of state-employed researchers examining the origin of art in German collections. If found to be ill-gotten, they facilitate the art’s return to its rightful owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After reaching Hollenbach, the Stuttgart Art Museum began sending Rosenfeld’s art to Oakland. The first pieces arrived this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Sam Hollenbach, who is using his new German citizenship to live in Berlin, the return of his great-great-grandfather’s art shows some Germans are dedicated to a meaningful effort to, where possible, do right by the families that lost property during the Holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason that they needed to return that to us. We had no idea that these art pieces existed … It could have just been lost to history,” Hollenbach said. “But the fact that there was such an effort made to return these pieces goes a long way to make me, now someone who has returned to Germany, feel comfortable being here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12057119\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12057119\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/SAM-H_2-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam Hollenbach, born and raised in Oakland poses for a portrait in Cafe Quitte in Berlin, Germany on June 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Annelise Finney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Hollenbach thinks about California’s reparations plan, he worries about a possible backlash to some of the recommendations, especially as the Trump administration condemns diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. But generally, he’s supportive of the state’s efforts to atone for its past racist policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way to undo what happened,” he said. “You can at least kind of ease the pain for the people who were affected by it, and at some point, that’s the best you can do. I hope that we can do more of that in the U.S. in general. I’m glad to hear California is leading the charge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“To make good again”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The art return and renaturalization initiatives that the Hollenbachs benefit from are part of a larger commitment Germany made after World War II to address the damage the Holocaust wrought on individual lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, post-war Germany sought distance from the Nazis, Israel needed funds to absorb Holocaust refugees, and Jewish groups abroad pushed for financial support. The three interests converged.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The resulting compensation agreements, signed in 1952, became key pillars of what in Germany is known as \u003cem>Wiedergutmachung\u003c/em>, or “to make good again.” Since then, the German government has created more than a \u003ca href=\"https://www.archivportal-d.de/content/themenportale/wiedergutmachung/geschichte\">dozen \u003c/a>compensation programs paying out more than $90 billion to Holocaust survivors and their spouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those payments are lump sums meant to address specific harms — such as being subjected to slave labor for German businesses or mistreated as a prisoner of war — and others are ongoing monthly pensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to compensation, restitution laws, including changes to German property law, have allowed for the return of art, businesses and homes stolen by the Nazis or sold under pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of stolen artworks and cultural objects have been \u003ca href=\"https://kulturgutverluste.de/en\">returned\u003c/a>. Still, researchers at the Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs say \u003ca href=\"https://jcpa.org/article/restitution-of-holocaust-era-assets-promises-and-reality/\">less than 20%\u003c/a> of assets stolen from Jewish owners by the Nazis and their collaborators have been returned. The return of homes has proven complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Anselmo, California, Elissa Eckman knows this firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“It was our house, my grandmother’s house”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Growing up, Eckman, the mother of KQED reporter Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman, was often one of the few Jewish kids in her schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to get bullied for being a Jew in Oregon, in Utah, and even in Illinois, where we lived,” said Eckman, 77.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053835\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053835\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-09-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elissa Eckman looks through family photos at her home in San Anselmo on Aug. 26, 2025. Her family had a home in Eisenach, Germany, which was taken from them during the Holocaust and later returned through post-World War II restitution. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the Holocaust, Eckman’s grandmother, Renata Eckmann, lived in the central German town of Eisenach, Germany, in a three-story home. Her husband ran a department store on one of the city’s main drags. The name Eckmann was emblazoned in bold letters above the shop’s second-floor windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Nazis rose to power in the 1930s, Renata’s children left for the U.S. When they arrived, they dropped the second N from their last name. Renata stayed, was arrested, and, along with the other Jewish residents of Eisenach, was imprisoned at \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/theresienstadt\">Theresienstadt\u003c/a>, a concentration camp in what was then Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the war’s end, she was one of the few survivors. By then, her home was in the hands of new owners. She made her way to the U.S. to join her children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Renata heard of the start of restitution programs, she filed a claim with the German government to get her house back. But it was complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother supposedly sold the house to some German people, and they owned the house. So that became the issue. Who owned the house?” Eckman recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ensuing court battle wound on for decades, outlasting Renata. After her death, Elissa, then a young public defender in the Bay Area, sought out a German lawyer to take up the case.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I felt that I was fighting the Nazis, so to speak,” Eckman said. “This was a wrong that needed to be righted, and it had to be done. I was going to make sure that we got that house back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, a German court ruled that the Nazis pressured Renata to sell the home for less than it was worth. It returned the home to the family. Her descendants sold the house and split the money; Eckman said she received about $30,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was nice to have the money because I didn’t have a lot of money,” she said, laughing. “But it wasn’t about the money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, Eckman said the long and complicated process of getting her grandmother’s house back reveals some of the messiness of trying to make things right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Germany’s programs were and are controversial. Some people were left out, and the claim review processes have been criticized as being overly burdensome and demeaning to victims. Property return, in particular, is considered by some to be woefully incomplete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Germany’s reparations commitments also include material and political support for Israel, which has come under increased scrutiny as UN officials and some Holocaust scholars accuse Israel of committing an ongoing genocide in Gaza. Over the last two years, Germans protesting their government’s support for Israel have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/germany-dozens-injured-at-berlin-pro-palestinian-protest/a-72568069\">staged street demonstrations\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Txy6MnoEDE\">campus occupations\u003c/a> in Berlin, prompting crackdowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053833\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250826-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-06-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elissa Eckman holds a photo of her family home in Eisenach, Germany, at her home in San Anselmo on Aug. 26, 2025. The house had been taken from her family during the Holocaust and was later returned through post-World War II restitution. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even the word \u003cem>Wiedergutmachung\u003c/em> has drawn condemnation for its implication that the murder of six million Jews, the mass theft and displacement of families and years of forced labor during the Holocaust could ever be “made good again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckman said she’d like to see Germany’s property return processes streamlined but thinks the general idea could be applied to other places, including in California: “I think that if people can establish that they had property that was taken from them, they should get it back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Russell City\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While there are meaningful differences between the theft of Jewish property during the Holocaust and American slavery’s legacy of anti-Black policies, Germany’s Holocaust reparations programs still offer valuable lessons about reconciliation and repair, however imperfect.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Thomas said she finds herself imagining what Russell City would have been like — if Alameda County and Hayward hadn’t destroyed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think many people would still be here getting the benefit of that generational wealth,” Thomas said. “I think it would have been a thriving community if they had just been given a chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the neighborhood was bulldozed, Alameda County sold the area for $2.4 million to a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In an eminent domain situation, normally you have land that is put to public use, like a freeway, like a school,” Thomas said. “When I look around and see that it’s just an industrial park — that you removed people from their businesses and their homes to create an industrial park? I’m sorry, it just makes me ill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Alameda County and Hayward created a $1 million \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12048684/alameda-county-set-to-approve-reparations-fund-for-displaced-russell-city-residents#:~:text=Aisha%20Knowles'%20father%20grew%20up%20in%20a,1960s%2C%20forcibly%20displacing%20more%20than%201%2C000%20people.\">Russell City Redress Fund\u003c/a>, which it said will make direct payments to living former Russell City residents who had property seized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hayward-ca.gov/russell-city-reparative-justice-project\">The city of Hayward\u003c/a> said the money isn’t compensation or tied to property value, but a way to acknowledge the lasting harm from Russell City’s destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053827\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-HOLOCAUSTREPARATIONS-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francesca Thomas, a native of Hayward and great‑granddaughter of Leona Alves, who owned Ideal Dining and Miss Alves, a restaurant and club, in Russell City, holds a historic photo from the city in Hayward on Aug. 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thomas said local efforts like this are a step in the right direction. Her four surviving relatives, who are former residents of Russell City, are planning to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, Thomas said it’s inspiring to hear that some Californians have already benefited from property return laws, even if they come from another country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a matter of taking a particular model and copying it,” Thomas said of Germany’s efforts. “It would be a matter of taking a particular model and improving on it, right? And taking into account what we’ve experienced in our own country, to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The West Coast’s First Naval Base Is Now A Whiskey Distillery",
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"headTitle": "The West Coast’s First Naval Base Is Now A Whiskey Distillery | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>For her series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, Lisa Morehouse is reporting a story about food and farming from each of California’s 58 counties.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you stand on the edge of Vallejo’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023708/surprising-ways-former-bay-area-military-bases-are-transforming-and-why-it-takes-so-long\">Mare Island, on the mouth of the Napa River, \u003c/a>and look out over the water, you can’t help but feel tiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the right are imposing cranes and dry docks that look like the world’s biggest bathtubs. Two huge metal frames called gantries loom overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind you is a beautiful and weird collection of structures: warehouses, grand Victorians and a number of empty brick buildings that look like they have stories to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of this year, some of those buildings have been home to \u003ca href=\"https://redwoodempirewhiskey.com/\">Redwood Empire Whiskey\u003c/a> — the drink company’s new headquarters for distilling and entertaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kunjan Joshi, Redwood Empire’s general manager, said that everyone who visits asks the same thing: “What was this place? What significance does it have?\u003cstrong>”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer: it was the first Naval base on the West Coast, opened in 1854.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058771\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kunjan Joshi, manager of the Redwood Empire hospitality building, poses for a photo on Mare Island in Vallejo on Oct. 2, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And during World War II, Mare Island was one of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864153/forum-on-the-road-the-past-present-and-future-of-mare-island-naval-base\"> busiest Naval facilities\u003c/a> in the world. They built nearly 400 ships and repaired 1200 more. After the war, they built 17 nuclear submarines here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we’re here selling whiskey on the same spot,” Joshi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California bourbon today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The trees in Sonoma County inspire the distillery’s name, where the company began making whiskey 10 years ago. When it outgrew that facility, Redwood Empire bought out the Savage & Cook distillery on Mare Island in Vallejo and moved in at the beginning of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshi joined the team soon after. Born and raised in Kathmandu, Nepal, he came to Castro Valley as a teenager, then moved to the East Coast to play in a metal band — he still has a pierced lip and a skull ring.[aside postID=news_12042713 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-01-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Back East, he got a job at a distillery in Nantucket. “And ever since then, I’ve only been working in the beer, wine and whiskey world. I only drink on the job,” he said, laughing. “I don’t drink at home at all. I only drink at the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the distillery’s events space, Joshi pointed out the brick walls, original from the 1800s, and a concrete vault in the middle of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was told this used to be where they kept a lot of old spy files during the Cold War,” Joshi added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next stop on the tour is the distillery, where Jeff Duckhorn, Redwood’s Master Distiller, explains how bourbon and scotch fit into the greater whiskey family. “Both bourbon and scotch are types of whiskey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, it can only be called bourbon if it’s made from more than 51% corn and produced in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would be a very small producer in Kentucky. Here in the state of California, we’re one of the largest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians have made whiskey since the Gold Rush, but craft bourbon has taken off in the last couple decades — with as many as 150 distilleries in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is California bourbon today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that’s kind of the beauty of it for us is that we get to help define that,” Duckhorn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058774\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redwood Empire Master Blender Lauren Patz, and Master Distiller Jeff Duckhorn, right, pose for a photo in the Redwood Empire barrel room, on Mare Island in Vallejo on Oct. 2, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make the grain mixture for their bourbon, Redwood Empire sources corn, rye, wheat and other grains from the Sacramento Valley, delivered by trucks weekly and sorted into three huge silos. They mill 10,000 pounds of it a day, according to Master Blender Lauren Patz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like pastry flour when it comes out of there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That “flour” is then deposited into what’s called a mashtun — which Duckhorn described as “a very sexy, large stainless tank. It looks kind of like an R2-D2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then add water and enzymes, heat it up and cool it down to “create the perfect environment for the yeast to do what they need to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mixture gets fermented, distilled and then pumped into barrels, where it will age a minimum of five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mare Island’s slow and steady renaissance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Redwood Empire is now part of what developers are marketing as Mare Island’s “Wet Mile” — along with a coffee shop, wine bar and brewery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local historian Mel Orpilla had several relatives who used to work in these buildings. He shakes his head when he imagines what they would make of these new businesses.[aside postID=news_12047368 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250702-OaklandProduceMarket-13-BL_qed.jpg']“You know, those old Filipino men, they were hard drinkers,” Orpilla said. “My dad and his brothers, they loved their whiskey. They loved their beer. But I don’t think it would have ever been part of their reality that Mare Island would turn into the Wet Mile.”\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrants came from around the country and world to work on Mare Island. Vallejo is still one of the most \u003ca href=\"https://www.timesheraldonline.com/2019/02/12/vallejo-is-diverse-but-segregated-new-study-finds/\">diverse\u003c/a> places in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Diversity comes from the employees that were hired to work on Mare Island,” Orpiilla said. “So during the Great Depression, there was an exodus of people from the Deep South, mainly African Americans who came to work on Mare Island.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were Dust Bowl migrants from Oklahoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, “Filipinos were recruited, also, to work in Mare Island,” Orpilla said, including his dad and uncles, who were barely adults when they moved here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I always wonder how difficult it must have been for them to leave their family and their friends. In the Philippines, they were farmers and fishermen, and it was a hard life, and I’m sure that they thought they could do better here in America,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1932, Orpilla’s relatives were all working on Mare Island. As unskilled laborers, they’d be assigned to a shop in the shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shop 32 had a lot of Filipinos in it,” Orpilla said. They unloaded box cars, swept the shops, took orders. Whatever needed to be done, they would do it. And my father did that until the day he retired in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023594\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1026px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023594\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1026\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago.jpg 1026w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago-800x636.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago-1020x811.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago-160x127.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1026px) 100vw, 1026px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The USS Chicago being prepared for launching on Mare Island, April 8, 1930. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mare Island Historic Park Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058769\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058769\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mel Orpilla poses for a photo on Mare Island in Vallejo on Oct. 2, 2025. His father and two uncles began working in the Navy shipyard in 1932. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“But no matter what job you had at Mare Island, even if it was an unskilled laborer, it was a living wage. And these men [could] buy houses and raise families with that salary. They were civilian employees on Mare Island.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Navy made the weather around here,” said Kent Fortner, the board president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mihpf.org/\">Mare Island Historic Park Foundation\u003c/a>. “If you can imagine, up to 50,000 people worked on Mare Island and the town of Vallejo was only 70,000. So it was the economic engine. It was the governmental engine. It was everything around Vallejo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then suddenly that was all taken away,” Fortner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, the Navy base \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864153/forum-on-the-road-the-past-present-and-future-of-mare-island-naval-base\">closed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, the economy in Vallejo suffered because people were moving out. Businesses that relied on the people that worked at Mare Island had to close shop. Vallejo started changing dramatically,” Mel Orpilla said[aside postID=news_12029568 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/20250308_BESANS-MARKET_DMB_00963-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Since the Navy left, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023708/surprising-ways-former-bay-area-military-bases-are-transforming-and-why-it-takes-so-long\">Mare Island has grappled with environmental contamination\u003c/a>. Clean up and renovation have taken decades longer, and been much more expensive, than originally anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Orpilla believes in Mare Island’s slow and steady renaissance. Along with the Wet Mile, there are other businesses on the island: a university for health sciences, soundstages for films and manufacturers of modular apartments and boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sometimes wish I could go to sleep and wake up 20 years in the future,” Orpilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, he knows what it’s like to celebrate Mare Island with the whole Vallejo community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, he said, when a ship launched, his family and neighbors would gather across the Mare Island Strait, “watching it from that side as it slipped into the water after the governor’s wife or whatever dignitary cracked the champagne bottle to christen it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I think what made it special is everyone in Vallejo has somebody that worked in Mare Island, and everybody was proud to be part of that effort. Even though they may not have directly worked on the submarine or the ship, it was still a pride that it came from Mare Island and our dads work there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now it’s sort of coming back through entrepreneurship, through efforts to retain history, to package history,” Kent Fortner said, “and just a whole new group of artisans that are coming to inhabit these amazing buildings that we’re standing around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058767\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058767\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED-1536x994.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kent Fortner, president of the Mare Island Historic Park Foundation, poses for a photo on Mare Island in Vallejo on Oct. 2, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fortner should know. In 2017, he and a partner in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mareislandbrewingco.com/story\">Mare Island Brewing Company\u003c/a> began crafting beers in renovated, historic coal sheds on the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Redwood Empire’s September launch party, the distillery’s patio, where ships were once built, was packed. Joshi took orders and served up signature cocktails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stopped [accepting] RSVPs at 1,500. And we were thinking even if half of them show up, that’s still 6-700 people. But I feel like everyone showed up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attendees came from as far as Modesto and Cotati, but many were Vallejo locals like Cheryl Smith and Thomas Robinson. Smith enjoyed a citrusy bourbon cocktail called a Paper Plane and Robinson ordered a whiskey flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just getting ready to dive in,” Robinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson said that, as a local, he’s enjoyed the benefits of Mare Island’s transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was a kid back in the ‘90s and ‘80s, there was a guard at the front there,” Robinson recalled. “You couldn’t just drive on the island like that because this [was] a very strategic part of the U.S. Navy. “So now we’re able to come in and enjoy all the older buildings, the water, you can see all of the ferries from each side, and it’s beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>For her series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, Lisa Morehouse is reporting a story about food and farming from each of California’s 58 counties.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you stand on the edge of Vallejo’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023708/surprising-ways-former-bay-area-military-bases-are-transforming-and-why-it-takes-so-long\">Mare Island, on the mouth of the Napa River, \u003c/a>and look out over the water, you can’t help but feel tiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the right are imposing cranes and dry docks that look like the world’s biggest bathtubs. Two huge metal frames called gantries loom overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind you is a beautiful and weird collection of structures: warehouses, grand Victorians and a number of empty brick buildings that look like they have stories to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of this year, some of those buildings have been home to \u003ca href=\"https://redwoodempirewhiskey.com/\">Redwood Empire Whiskey\u003c/a> — the drink company’s new headquarters for distilling and entertaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kunjan Joshi, Redwood Empire’s general manager, said that everyone who visits asks the same thing: “What was this place? What significance does it have?\u003cstrong>”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer: it was the first Naval base on the West Coast, opened in 1854.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058771\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-16-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kunjan Joshi, manager of the Redwood Empire hospitality building, poses for a photo on Mare Island in Vallejo on Oct. 2, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And during World War II, Mare Island was one of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864153/forum-on-the-road-the-past-present-and-future-of-mare-island-naval-base\"> busiest Naval facilities\u003c/a> in the world. They built nearly 400 ships and repaired 1200 more. After the war, they built 17 nuclear submarines here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we’re here selling whiskey on the same spot,” Joshi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California bourbon today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The trees in Sonoma County inspire the distillery’s name, where the company began making whiskey 10 years ago. When it outgrew that facility, Redwood Empire bought out the Savage & Cook distillery on Mare Island in Vallejo and moved in at the beginning of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshi joined the team soon after. Born and raised in Kathmandu, Nepal, he came to Castro Valley as a teenager, then moved to the East Coast to play in a metal band — he still has a pierced lip and a skull ring.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Back East, he got a job at a distillery in Nantucket. “And ever since then, I’ve only been working in the beer, wine and whiskey world. I only drink on the job,” he said, laughing. “I don’t drink at home at all. I only drink at the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the distillery’s events space, Joshi pointed out the brick walls, original from the 1800s, and a concrete vault in the middle of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was told this used to be where they kept a lot of old spy files during the Cold War,” Joshi added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next stop on the tour is the distillery, where Jeff Duckhorn, Redwood’s Master Distiller, explains how bourbon and scotch fit into the greater whiskey family. “Both bourbon and scotch are types of whiskey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, it can only be called bourbon if it’s made from more than 51% corn and produced in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would be a very small producer in Kentucky. Here in the state of California, we’re one of the largest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians have made whiskey since the Gold Rush, but craft bourbon has taken off in the last couple decades — with as many as 150 distilleries in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is California bourbon today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that’s kind of the beauty of it for us is that we get to help define that,” Duckhorn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058774\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-21-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redwood Empire Master Blender Lauren Patz, and Master Distiller Jeff Duckhorn, right, pose for a photo in the Redwood Empire barrel room, on Mare Island in Vallejo on Oct. 2, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make the grain mixture for their bourbon, Redwood Empire sources corn, rye, wheat and other grains from the Sacramento Valley, delivered by trucks weekly and sorted into three huge silos. They mill 10,000 pounds of it a day, according to Master Blender Lauren Patz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like pastry flour when it comes out of there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That “flour” is then deposited into what’s called a mashtun — which Duckhorn described as “a very sexy, large stainless tank. It looks kind of like an R2-D2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then add water and enzymes, heat it up and cool it down to “create the perfect environment for the yeast to do what they need to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mixture gets fermented, distilled and then pumped into barrels, where it will age a minimum of five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mare Island’s slow and steady renaissance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Redwood Empire is now part of what developers are marketing as Mare Island’s “Wet Mile” — along with a coffee shop, wine bar and brewery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local historian Mel Orpilla had several relatives who used to work in these buildings. He shakes his head when he imagines what they would make of these new businesses.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You know, those old Filipino men, they were hard drinkers,” Orpilla said. “My dad and his brothers, they loved their whiskey. They loved their beer. But I don’t think it would have ever been part of their reality that Mare Island would turn into the Wet Mile.”\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrants came from around the country and world to work on Mare Island. Vallejo is still one of the most \u003ca href=\"https://www.timesheraldonline.com/2019/02/12/vallejo-is-diverse-but-segregated-new-study-finds/\">diverse\u003c/a> places in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Diversity comes from the employees that were hired to work on Mare Island,” Orpiilla said. “So during the Great Depression, there was an exodus of people from the Deep South, mainly African Americans who came to work on Mare Island.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were Dust Bowl migrants from Oklahoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, “Filipinos were recruited, also, to work in Mare Island,” Orpilla said, including his dad and uncles, who were barely adults when they moved here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I always wonder how difficult it must have been for them to leave their family and their friends. In the Philippines, they were farmers and fishermen, and it was a hard life, and I’m sure that they thought they could do better here in America,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1932, Orpilla’s relatives were all working on Mare Island. As unskilled laborers, they’d be assigned to a shop in the shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shop 32 had a lot of Filipinos in it,” Orpilla said. They unloaded box cars, swept the shops, took orders. Whatever needed to be done, they would do it. And my father did that until the day he retired in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023594\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1026px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023594\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1026\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago.jpg 1026w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago-800x636.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago-1020x811.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Chicago-160x127.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1026px) 100vw, 1026px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The USS Chicago being prepared for launching on Mare Island, April 8, 1930. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mare Island Historic Park Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058769\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058769\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-6-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mel Orpilla poses for a photo on Mare Island in Vallejo on Oct. 2, 2025. His father and two uncles began working in the Navy shipyard in 1932. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“But no matter what job you had at Mare Island, even if it was an unskilled laborer, it was a living wage. And these men [could] buy houses and raise families with that salary. They were civilian employees on Mare Island.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Navy made the weather around here,” said Kent Fortner, the board president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mihpf.org/\">Mare Island Historic Park Foundation\u003c/a>. “If you can imagine, up to 50,000 people worked on Mare Island and the town of Vallejo was only 70,000. So it was the economic engine. It was the governmental engine. It was everything around Vallejo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then suddenly that was all taken away,” Fortner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, the Navy base \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864153/forum-on-the-road-the-past-present-and-future-of-mare-island-naval-base\">closed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, the economy in Vallejo suffered because people were moving out. Businesses that relied on the people that worked at Mare Island had to close shop. Vallejo started changing dramatically,” Mel Orpilla said\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Since the Navy left, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023708/surprising-ways-former-bay-area-military-bases-are-transforming-and-why-it-takes-so-long\">Mare Island has grappled with environmental contamination\u003c/a>. Clean up and renovation have taken decades longer, and been much more expensive, than originally anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Orpilla believes in Mare Island’s slow and steady renaissance. Along with the Wet Mile, there are other businesses on the island: a university for health sciences, soundstages for films and manufacturers of modular apartments and boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sometimes wish I could go to sleep and wake up 20 years in the future,” Orpilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, he knows what it’s like to celebrate Mare Island with the whole Vallejo community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, he said, when a ship launched, his family and neighbors would gather across the Mare Island Strait, “watching it from that side as it slipped into the water after the governor’s wife or whatever dignitary cracked the champagne bottle to christen it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I think what made it special is everyone in Vallejo has somebody that worked in Mare Island, and everybody was proud to be part of that effort. Even though they may not have directly worked on the submarine or the ship, it was still a pride that it came from Mare Island and our dads work there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now it’s sort of coming back through entrepreneurship, through efforts to retain history, to package history,” Kent Fortner said, “and just a whole new group of artisans that are coming to inhabit these amazing buildings that we’re standing around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058767\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058767\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251002_REDWOODEMPIRE_GC-3-KQED-1536x994.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kent Fortner, president of the Mare Island Historic Park Foundation, poses for a photo on Mare Island in Vallejo on Oct. 2, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fortner should know. In 2017, he and a partner in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mareislandbrewingco.com/story\">Mare Island Brewing Company\u003c/a> began crafting beers in renovated, historic coal sheds on the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Redwood Empire’s September launch party, the distillery’s patio, where ships were once built, was packed. Joshi took orders and served up signature cocktails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stopped [accepting] RSVPs at 1,500. And we were thinking even if half of them show up, that’s still 6-700 people. But I feel like everyone showed up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attendees came from as far as Modesto and Cotati, but many were Vallejo locals like Cheryl Smith and Thomas Robinson. Smith enjoyed a citrusy bourbon cocktail called a Paper Plane and Robinson ordered a whiskey flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just getting ready to dive in,” Robinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson said that, as a local, he’s enjoyed the benefits of Mare Island’s transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was a kid back in the ‘90s and ‘80s, there was a guard at the front there,” Robinson recalled. “You couldn’t just drive on the island like that because this [was] a very strategic part of the U.S. Navy. “So now we’re able to come in and enjoy all the older buildings, the water, you can see all of the ferries from each side, and it’s beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "oakland-comedian-jackie-keliiaa-on-pain-punchlines-and-her-good-medicine",
"title": "Oakland Comedian Jackie Keliiaa on Pain, Punchlines and Her ‘Good Medicine’",
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"headTitle": "Oakland Comedian Jackie Keliiaa on Pain, Punchlines and Her ‘Good Medicine’ | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of The California Report Magazine’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/resilience\">series about resilient Californians\u003c/a>, and what lessons they may have for the rest of us.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland-based\u003c/a> comedian \u003ca href=\"https://jackiecomedy.com/index.html\">Jackie Keliiaa\u003c/a> has built a career turning identity and grief into humor that heals as much as it provokes. Raised in Hayward, Keliiaa draws inspiration — and material for her stand-up routines — from her Native American, Native Hawaiian, Portuguese and Italian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has been featured in the book ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/We-Had-a-Little-Real-Estate-Problem/Kliph-Nesteroff/9781982103033\">We Had a Little Real Estate Problem: The Unheralded Story of Native American Comedy\u003c/a>’, appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1AYIBGAgU4\">Team Coco\u003c/a>, voiced the character Bubble in Netflix’s Native animated series \u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/81098500\">Spirit Rangers\u003c/a> and co-created the all-Native comedy tour \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otDl3urzaNU\">Good Medicine\u003c/a>. The tour’s next show is Oct. 18 in \u003ca href=\"https://jackiecomedy.com/good-medicine.html\">San Francisco\u003c/a> at the Strand Theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keliiaa joined The California Report Magazine host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sasha-khokha\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a> for a conversation on indigeneity, loss and the transformative power of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview, listen to the audio linked at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On fitting into a box\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Everyone was confused [about my ethnic background]. A lot of people, especially when I was younger, thought I was Asian. When I got into middle school, a lot of people thought I was Latina because a lot of my friends were Mexican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I always felt like I fit in, but it was usually because I fit into whatever box people thought I was, as opposed to me really feeling like all of my pieces were acknowledged and understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K78A_d1QwPA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My family came over from Portugal, and they landed in Hayward, and they started an orchard. A lot of people don’t know this, but [some] Azorean-Portuguese — from the Azores islands — came to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, I would do a lot of Portuguese traditions. I was a part of the Holy Ghost Festival, but then I would show up to the event and they wouldn’t assume that I was Portuguese — that question mark, I’ve always seen it on people’s faces. So those jokes are important to me because people have always tried to put me into a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think when I was younger, I just remember being like, “God, I wish I was just one thing.” Now I’ve come to understand that my background is a superpower and it’s also something that I’m very proud of. I love being Portuguese. I love being Native. And now, I don’t feel like I have to choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what her Native ancestors passed down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandparents are from Nevada, and they met at Stewart Indian Boarding School. Washoe and Paiute were the two main tribes that were at Stewart. I knew that it wasn’t great — the administration was trying to change who they were as Native people.[aside postID=news_12051769 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-SHANICEROBINSONRESILIENCE_00065_TV-KQED.jpg']But my grandfather would say, “We had a roof over our head and we had three squares a day. For a kid growing up in Nevada during the Depression, that was more than anyone could ask for.” He talked about Stewart as this place that helped him survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also, we didn’t get into the other things. As a kid, I knew, I’m not gonna ask beyond what they’re willing to tell me because\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11883520/examining-the-painful-legacy-of-native-american-boarding-schools-in-the-u-s\"> there was a darkness to it\u003c/a>. In boarding school, they’re tough on people, and that was passed on to us, too. So it has reverberated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/education/535528/the-lasting-impact-of-native-american-residential-schools\">through all the generations.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crazy thing people don’t understand about the boarding schools is that all the food was cooked by the kids, all the laundry was done by the kids, all the mowing, all the like yard work done by kids. It was this whole sort of environment that was built on the labor of young native children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a complicated relationship, and I do honor that my grandparents were very proud to have gone to Stewart. And then I also understand there were many things that I was not informed of.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On being Native and finding humor\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Native people — we’re just inherently hilarious. Teasing is a way that we show our love and affection. It’s part of our culture, part of our community. It’s very much part of [our] DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though all these dark things may have happened, there’s a lot of levity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ak_ebn1uMn0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to Cal, did Native American studies and minored in city and regional planning. Then I went on to get my master’s in urban planning from Columbia. I always thought I’m gonna go work for the government because that’s what my family does. I didn’t even think of comedy as a life you can make a living off of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of my core memories that sort of helped me get to where I am in comedy is in 2005, when I was a student at UC Berkeley. It was Native American Heritage Month, and the graduate student program hosted a comedy night — \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFSoWpYjkzc\">Charlie Hill\u003c/a> was the headliner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill is the godfather of Native comedy. He was the first-ever Native comic to get a late-night set on \u003cem>The Richard Pryor Show\u003c/em>. I got a chance to see him live. And it was so cool, it opened me up in a way that I was like, “I wanna do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joke [I wrote] about skiing in Tahoe and desecrating the sacred lands was a hard one because it really bums people out. But simultaneously, I think it needs to be said, because I’m the only person who can say this and have you think in a different perspective about, “I guess all land here is Native land, and there was a community here that this was important to, and now it’s my playground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, as a comic, I do want people to think differently when they leave the show, and also know that there are modern Native people out here in this world. I feel every day I’m trying to combat this Hollywood spaghetti Western view of what Indian Country is.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On grief and getting on stage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When my mom passed, I was just kind of feeling like a husk. [That’s when] comedy found me. The worst possible thing that could happen to me happened, and all the fear of going up and bombing just went away. And then I went to my first ever open mic and I did okay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was 26 [that year, and] I had my first ever gig at the Native American Health Center [in San Francisco]. I performed for a crowd of like 250. I was only like a few months into stand-up, but to have the support from the Native community right from the jump was amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12055719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12055719\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comedian and emcee Jackie Keliiaa speaks during the 3rd annual Indigenous Peoples Day Commemoration at Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco on Oct. 11, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>On her tour, \u003cem>‘Good Medicine”\u003c/em>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes I’ll be performing and I’ll just be drawn to one person in the audience. I’ll find myself kind of returning to them. And then after the show, they’ll come up to me and share some personal story about a loss, or they’ll be like, “This is the first time I’ve laughed in a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that that’s part of what I’m doing, and especially in this cold, hard world that is getting harder and scarier by the minute. It is so important to have comedy in our lives.[aside postID=news_12051236 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250626-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg']To be sitting with your loved ones and knocking your head back because you’re laughing so hard, that is a gift and not everybody gets that. I do understand that sometimes my role out there is to make people laugh, but also to give someone a moment, a break from it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a two-way street because when I’m on stage, I am processing the world around me … I have learned how to give power back in moments that I may have not had it. It is the way that I can retell a story with perspective, agency, and power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a woman, as a person of color, as someone who’s experiencing this world from a Native perspective as well, and a city person, all these different intersections of my identity, there are so many times that the world wants to tell me no. And I use the stage to go, “Watch, I’m gonna do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On critiquing the term resilience\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I have to share a quote from one of my favorite authors, \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/563403/there-there-by-tommy-orange/\">Tommy Orange\u003c/a>: “And don’t make the mistake of calling us resilient. To not have been destroyed, to not have given up, to have survived is no badge of honor. Would you call an attempted murder victim resilient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t like resilient being used as a frame to discuss Native experience. I understand that resilience as a feature has been [there] throughout my entire life. So many of the losses or the failures have catapulted me into success. It’s so important to use those moments that didn’t work out the way you wanted to, to find something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of comics have found comedy in really dark times. Comedy finds people, and they take these really gnarly moments in their lives and turn them into something that gives back not only to themselves but to the community around them. That in itself is an exercise in resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of The California Report Magazine’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/resilience\">series about resilient Californians\u003c/a>, and what lessons they may have for the rest of us.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland-based\u003c/a> comedian \u003ca href=\"https://jackiecomedy.com/index.html\">Jackie Keliiaa\u003c/a> has built a career turning identity and grief into humor that heals as much as it provokes. Raised in Hayward, Keliiaa draws inspiration — and material for her stand-up routines — from her Native American, Native Hawaiian, Portuguese and Italian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has been featured in the book ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/We-Had-a-Little-Real-Estate-Problem/Kliph-Nesteroff/9781982103033\">We Had a Little Real Estate Problem: The Unheralded Story of Native American Comedy\u003c/a>’, appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1AYIBGAgU4\">Team Coco\u003c/a>, voiced the character Bubble in Netflix’s Native animated series \u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/81098500\">Spirit Rangers\u003c/a> and co-created the all-Native comedy tour \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otDl3urzaNU\">Good Medicine\u003c/a>. The tour’s next show is Oct. 18 in \u003ca href=\"https://jackiecomedy.com/good-medicine.html\">San Francisco\u003c/a> at the Strand Theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keliiaa joined The California Report Magazine host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sasha-khokha\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a> for a conversation on indigeneity, loss and the transformative power of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview, listen to the audio linked at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On fitting into a box\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Everyone was confused [about my ethnic background]. A lot of people, especially when I was younger, thought I was Asian. When I got into middle school, a lot of people thought I was Latina because a lot of my friends were Mexican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I always felt like I fit in, but it was usually because I fit into whatever box people thought I was, as opposed to me really feeling like all of my pieces were acknowledged and understood.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/K78A_d1QwPA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/K78A_d1QwPA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>My family came over from Portugal, and they landed in Hayward, and they started an orchard. A lot of people don’t know this, but [some] Azorean-Portuguese — from the Azores islands — came to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, I would do a lot of Portuguese traditions. I was a part of the Holy Ghost Festival, but then I would show up to the event and they wouldn’t assume that I was Portuguese — that question mark, I’ve always seen it on people’s faces. So those jokes are important to me because people have always tried to put me into a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think when I was younger, I just remember being like, “God, I wish I was just one thing.” Now I’ve come to understand that my background is a superpower and it’s also something that I’m very proud of. I love being Portuguese. I love being Native. And now, I don’t feel like I have to choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what her Native ancestors passed down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandparents are from Nevada, and they met at Stewart Indian Boarding School. Washoe and Paiute were the two main tribes that were at Stewart. I knew that it wasn’t great — the administration was trying to change who they were as Native people.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But my grandfather would say, “We had a roof over our head and we had three squares a day. For a kid growing up in Nevada during the Depression, that was more than anyone could ask for.” He talked about Stewart as this place that helped him survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also, we didn’t get into the other things. As a kid, I knew, I’m not gonna ask beyond what they’re willing to tell me because\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11883520/examining-the-painful-legacy-of-native-american-boarding-schools-in-the-u-s\"> there was a darkness to it\u003c/a>. In boarding school, they’re tough on people, and that was passed on to us, too. So it has reverberated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/education/535528/the-lasting-impact-of-native-american-residential-schools\">through all the generations.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crazy thing people don’t understand about the boarding schools is that all the food was cooked by the kids, all the laundry was done by the kids, all the mowing, all the like yard work done by kids. It was this whole sort of environment that was built on the labor of young native children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a complicated relationship, and I do honor that my grandparents were very proud to have gone to Stewart. And then I also understand there were many things that I was not informed of.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On being Native and finding humor\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Native people — we’re just inherently hilarious. Teasing is a way that we show our love and affection. It’s part of our culture, part of our community. It’s very much part of [our] DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though all these dark things may have happened, there’s a lot of levity.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ak_ebn1uMn0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ak_ebn1uMn0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>I went to Cal, did Native American studies and minored in city and regional planning. Then I went on to get my master’s in urban planning from Columbia. I always thought I’m gonna go work for the government because that’s what my family does. I didn’t even think of comedy as a life you can make a living off of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of my core memories that sort of helped me get to where I am in comedy is in 2005, when I was a student at UC Berkeley. It was Native American Heritage Month, and the graduate student program hosted a comedy night — \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFSoWpYjkzc\">Charlie Hill\u003c/a> was the headliner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill is the godfather of Native comedy. He was the first-ever Native comic to get a late-night set on \u003cem>The Richard Pryor Show\u003c/em>. I got a chance to see him live. And it was so cool, it opened me up in a way that I was like, “I wanna do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joke [I wrote] about skiing in Tahoe and desecrating the sacred lands was a hard one because it really bums people out. But simultaneously, I think it needs to be said, because I’m the only person who can say this and have you think in a different perspective about, “I guess all land here is Native land, and there was a community here that this was important to, and now it’s my playground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, as a comic, I do want people to think differently when they leave the show, and also know that there are modern Native people out here in this world. I feel every day I’m trying to combat this Hollywood spaghetti Western view of what Indian Country is.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On grief and getting on stage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When my mom passed, I was just kind of feeling like a husk. [That’s when] comedy found me. The worst possible thing that could happen to me happened, and all the fear of going up and bombing just went away. And then I went to my first ever open mic and I did okay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was 26 [that year, and] I had my first ever gig at the Native American Health Center [in San Francisco]. I performed for a crowd of like 250. I was only like a few months into stand-up, but to have the support from the Native community right from the jump was amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12055719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12055719\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comedian and emcee Jackie Keliiaa speaks during the 3rd annual Indigenous Peoples Day Commemoration at Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco on Oct. 11, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>On her tour, \u003cem>‘Good Medicine”\u003c/em>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes I’ll be performing and I’ll just be drawn to one person in the audience. I’ll find myself kind of returning to them. And then after the show, they’ll come up to me and share some personal story about a loss, or they’ll be like, “This is the first time I’ve laughed in a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that that’s part of what I’m doing, and especially in this cold, hard world that is getting harder and scarier by the minute. It is so important to have comedy in our lives.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>To be sitting with your loved ones and knocking your head back because you’re laughing so hard, that is a gift and not everybody gets that. I do understand that sometimes my role out there is to make people laugh, but also to give someone a moment, a break from it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a two-way street because when I’m on stage, I am processing the world around me … I have learned how to give power back in moments that I may have not had it. It is the way that I can retell a story with perspective, agency, and power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a woman, as a person of color, as someone who’s experiencing this world from a Native perspective as well, and a city person, all these different intersections of my identity, there are so many times that the world wants to tell me no. And I use the stage to go, “Watch, I’m gonna do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On critiquing the term resilience\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I have to share a quote from one of my favorite authors, \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/563403/there-there-by-tommy-orange/\">Tommy Orange\u003c/a>: “And don’t make the mistake of calling us resilient. To not have been destroyed, to not have given up, to have survived is no badge of honor. Would you call an attempted murder victim resilient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t like resilient being used as a frame to discuss Native experience. I understand that resilience as a feature has been [there] throughout my entire life. So many of the losses or the failures have catapulted me into success. It’s so important to use those moments that didn’t work out the way you wanted to, to find something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of comics have found comedy in really dark times. Comedy finds people, and they take these really gnarly moments in their lives and turn them into something that gives back not only to themselves but to the community around them. That in itself is an exercise in resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are your headline stories for the morning of Tuesday, August 26th, 2025: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Tubbs Fire that struck the North Bay in 2017 shed light on an unseen threat that wildfires pose to clean water supplies; and a civil engineering professor out of Indiana has devised the playbook that utilities rely on to address the contamination.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As the redistricting battle heats up between California and Texas, Republican legislators in the Golden State are suing to block the plan spearheaded by Governor Newsom to gerrymander California in favor of House Democrats. The move aims to offset congressional gains that Texas would get with their own redistricting plans.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053436/when-wildfires-compromise-californias-drinking-water-utilities-lean-on-this-professors-advice\">\u003cstrong>It Took One of the States Biggest Blazes to Shed Light on How Wildfires Threaten Water, and How to Respond\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Eaton and Palisades fires ripped through Los Angeles and Ventura counties earlier this year, residents living in or near the burned communities were warned not to \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2025-02-21/water-safetyfire-stricken-areas-la\">drink or cook with tap water\u003c/a> because it was contaminated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2025/01/11/nx-s1-5254227/la-fires-palisades-water-advisories\">known carcinogens\u003c/a>; and yet, the actual reservoirs and water sources that serve the LA area were spared from the bulk of the blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In past years, utilities would have looked at watersheds and reservoirs as the first place where contamination took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11622421/video-santa-rosa-reeling-from-devastating-tubbs-fire\">the Tubbs Fire struck in 2017\u003c/a>, burning more than 36,000 acres across Sonoma, Napa and Lake counties. In the aftermath of that blaze, utilities learned that fire itself can sully clean water not just at the source, but at points of distribution, from treatment centers to the pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Purdue University engineering professor Andrew Whelton has stepped in. He has come up with the playbook that utilities throughout the United States look to, when a wildfire has impacted public drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053623/california-gop-sues-to-block-prop-50-a-democratic-led-redistricting-measure\">\u003cstrong>GOP Lawmakers Lob Legal Challenge at Gov. Newsom’s Redistricting Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of Republican lawmakers is asking the California Supreme Court to remove a redistricting initiative from the November ballot, arguing Democrats violated the law when they rushed the measure through to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053140/california-lawmakers-pass-redistricting-plan-now-it-heads-to-voters\">redraw congressional districts\u003c/a> ahead of the 2026 midterm election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats, led by Gov. Gavin Newsom, last week placed Proposition 50 on a special November ballot. The initiative asks voters to throw out the maps drawn by the state’s independent redistricting commission and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12052064/newsom-calls-for-special-election-to-redraw-californias-congressional-maps\">approve new congressional districts\u003c/a>, including five that are likely to flip from Republican to Democratic. It was written in response to Texas’ decision to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kut.org/politics/2025-08-23/texas-senate-redistricting-gerrmyandering-california-congressional-maps-passed-debate-governor\">redraw\u003c/a> its own congressional districts to flip five seats from blue to red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhillonlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/20250825_Writ_Remove-ACA-8-From-Ballot_FINAL.pdf\">lawsuit\u003c/a> was filed as an emergency petition to the state Supreme Court on behalf of four GOP members of the state Legislature, three California voters and a former member of the state’s independent redistricting commission, which has been tasked with drawing congressional districts for the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Purdue University engineering professor Andrew Whelton has stepped in. He has come up with the playbook that utilities throughout the United States look to, when a wildfire has impacted public drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053623/california-gop-sues-to-block-prop-50-a-democratic-led-redistricting-measure\">\u003cstrong>GOP Lawmakers Lob Legal Challenge at Gov. Newsom’s Redistricting Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of Republican lawmakers is asking the California Supreme Court to remove a redistricting initiative from the November ballot, arguing Democrats violated the law when they rushed the measure through to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053140/california-lawmakers-pass-redistricting-plan-now-it-heads-to-voters\">redraw congressional districts\u003c/a> ahead of the 2026 midterm election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats, led by Gov. Gavin Newsom, last week placed Proposition 50 on a special November ballot. The initiative asks voters to throw out the maps drawn by the state’s independent redistricting commission and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12052064/newsom-calls-for-special-election-to-redraw-californias-congressional-maps\">approve new congressional districts\u003c/a>, including five that are likely to flip from Republican to Democratic. It was written in response to Texas’ decision to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kut.org/politics/2025-08-23/texas-senate-redistricting-gerrmyandering-california-congressional-maps-passed-debate-governor\">redraw\u003c/a> its own congressional districts to flip five seats from blue to red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhillonlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/20250825_Writ_Remove-ACA-8-From-Ballot_FINAL.pdf\">lawsuit\u003c/a> was filed as an emergency petition to the state Supreme Court on behalf of four GOP members of the state Legislature, three California voters and a former member of the state’s independent redistricting commission, which has been tasked with drawing congressional districts for the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
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