Bay Area Behavioral Economist Says Psychology Has a Lot to Do With Silicon Valley Bank Collapse
Border Confusion and Financial Woes Loom as California Braces for Lifting of Title 42 in New Year
California's Safety Net May Feel the Strain Amid Potential Recession and $24 Billion Budget Deficit
Is California's Beleaguered Jobless Benefits Agency Ready for a Recession?
'A Critical Part of Our Infrastructure': How California Plans to Bolster Child Care
As California's Rich Get Richer, State Expects $10.5 Billion Surplus Despite Slow Economy
With Tandas, Small Savings Become an Economic Lifeline During the Pandemic
How Bank of America Helped Fuel California’s Unemployment Meltdown
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He's the creator of the podcast, \u003cem>Containers\u003c/em>, and has been a staff writer at \u003cem>Wired. \u003c/em>He was a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley's Information School, and is working on a book about Oakland and the Bay Area's revolutionary ideas.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/200d13dd6cebef55bf04327dec901b3d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"alexismadrigal","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alexis Madrigal | KQED","description":"Co-Host Forum","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/200d13dd6cebef55bf04327dec901b3d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/200d13dd6cebef55bf04327dec901b3d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/amadrigal"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11943452":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11943452","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11943452","score":null,"sort":[1678834196000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-behavioral-economist-says-psychology-has-a-lot-to-do-with-silicon-valley-bank-collapse","title":"Bay Area Behavioral Economist Says Psychology Has a Lot to Do With Silicon Valley Bank Collapse","publishDate":1678834196,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Behavioral Economist Says Psychology Has a Lot to Do With Silicon Valley Bank Collapse | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>With the Biden administration taking \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/12/1162975615/the-u-s-takes-emergency-measures-to-protect-all-deposits-at-silicon-valley-bank\">emergency steps to address the failure of Silicon Valley Bank\u003c/a> (SVB) — the second largest bank collapse in U.S. history — Rep. Ro Khanna, who represents parts of Silicon Valley, said he’s glad the situation got resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The venture capital money that was in the bank would have been protected regardless, but the small-businesses’ accounts were at risk and it would have affected hundreds of thousands of Americans, not just in our area but around the country, from getting paid,” he told KQED Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khanna said that, after the news of the collapse Friday, he was in touch with hundreds of constituents affected by the bank’s downfall, which was driven by an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/10/1162599556/silicon-valley-bank-collapse-failure-fdic-regulators-run-on-bank\">apparent panic-induced bank run\u003c/a>.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Hersh Shefrin, behavioral economist, Santa Clara University\"]‘I think what you saw at Silicon Valley Bank was weakness in terms of risk management for psychological reasons that had to do with overconfidence on the part of the management leaders’ leadership and Silicon Valley Bank.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hersh Shefrin, behavioral economist at Santa Clara University, says the psychology underpinning this financial turning point can’t be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important part of the story is panic,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the federal government’s measures on Monday that were meant to alleviate customers’ fears, many bank stocks, including those of First Republic, a regional bank based in San Francisco, tanked. The question is whether these ripple effects will last — especially when it comes to the trust between tech start-ups, which drive the Bay Area economy, and their financial institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Brian Watt discussed with Shefrin the role psychology played in the Silicon Valley Bank collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On how Shefrin understands the latest bank collapse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We know that bank runs are simply part and parcel of the banking industry. We had thought that we had it pretty much under control: the establishment of the FDIC, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, that basically insures deposits up to $250,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes Silicon Valley Bank different from some of the other regional banks that are in trouble is that most of their deposits are too large to fall under the $250,000 limit. They’re just outsized. And that’s because the depositors are corporations rather than individuals who need large corporate checking balances. So if you’re a financial institution in that situation, you need to be more prudent than the other large commercial banks that cater to individuals. I think what you saw at Silicon Valley Bank was weakness in terms of risk management for psychological reasons that had to do with overconfidence on the part of the management leaders’ leadership and Silicon Valley Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a breakdown in confidence and trust that led to a mass reaction on the part of depositors as they pulled out. And it’s that psychological aspect. Primitive fight or flight is really what you had take over last week on the part of depositors. And so it was that combination psychology on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On how a financial institution can get overconfident, even after what the tech industry has experienced\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s related to personality and it’s also related to the culture of the environment. So I would say Silicon Valley Bank executives were not atypical of an overconfident culture within Silicon Valley itself. And I want to be clear to say that this is a double-edged sword. You need to have a little overconfidence and a little excessive optimism to do great things. And so having that combination of mild excess has fueled innovation and creativity within the Valley. It’s when you get too much of a good thing that you wind up in trouble.[aside postID=\"news_11943347,forum_2010101892482\" label=\"Related Posts\"]I make a point of telling my students, don’t confuse overconfidence with stupidity. So executives who are successful are oftentimes very smart. But that doesn’t stop them from being overconfident. Overconfidence doesn’t mean they’re not smart. It just means they’re not as smart as they think they are. It’s like a Greek tragedy, where you have heroes who do great things but have fatal flaws. And that’s what I think we had happen at Silicon Valley Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On the role of state regulators in oversight\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley Bank is a state-chartered bank, and so state regulators have first-line responsibility in regulating these institutions. What we know historically is that the strength of regulation ebbs and flows depending on the political environment. So sometimes, especially after crises, there’s a demand for stronger regulation. That’s what we’re hearing now, and over time, when the threats and the risks aren’t as salient, then you will have efforts made to sort of dial back on regulation, because it is true regulation is costly. It’s a balancing act. The question is where is the right balance point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On how people should think about SVB’s failure and financial unrest with a potential recession this year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I think that the [Federal Reserve] is going to feel pressure to pull back on their inflation fight because they might make things a whole lot worse. JPMorgan and other financial institutions have been telling us they think that a recession is going to be in the cards. We get recessions as a natural part of economic activity. It shouldn’t be a surprise if it happens. The question is whether we’ll be able to have a fairly mild recession. I think that’s what we are sort of looking for and hoping for rather than no recession. And so can policymakers take very careful steps, do the best job they can, in order to not throw gasoline on the fire?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Behavioral economist Hersh Shefrin shares his thoughts on the role psychology played in the Silicon Valley Bank collapse and what this means with a potential recession this year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1682705580,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1019},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Behavioral Economist Says Psychology Has a Lot to Do With Silicon Valley Bank Collapse | KQED","description":"Behavioral economist Hersh Shefrin shares his thoughts on the role psychology played in the Silicon Valley Bank collapse and what this means with a potential recession this year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Bay Area Behavioral Economist Says Psychology Has a Lot to Do With Silicon Valley Bank Collapse","datePublished":"2023-03-14T22:49:56.000Z","dateModified":"2023-04-28T18:13:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/c63ac11d-2ca5-4d4b-a366-afc50119280c/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11943452/bay-area-behavioral-economist-says-psychology-has-a-lot-to-do-with-silicon-valley-bank-collapse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the Biden administration taking \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/12/1162975615/the-u-s-takes-emergency-measures-to-protect-all-deposits-at-silicon-valley-bank\">emergency steps to address the failure of Silicon Valley Bank\u003c/a> (SVB) — the second largest bank collapse in U.S. history — Rep. Ro Khanna, who represents parts of Silicon Valley, said he’s glad the situation got resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The venture capital money that was in the bank would have been protected regardless, but the small-businesses’ accounts were at risk and it would have affected hundreds of thousands of Americans, not just in our area but around the country, from getting paid,” he told KQED Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khanna said that, after the news of the collapse Friday, he was in touch with hundreds of constituents affected by the bank’s downfall, which was driven by an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/10/1162599556/silicon-valley-bank-collapse-failure-fdic-regulators-run-on-bank\">apparent panic-induced bank run\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I think what you saw at Silicon Valley Bank was weakness in terms of risk management for psychological reasons that had to do with overconfidence on the part of the management leaders’ leadership and Silicon Valley Bank.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Hersh Shefrin, behavioral economist, Santa Clara University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hersh Shefrin, behavioral economist at Santa Clara University, says the psychology underpinning this financial turning point can’t be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important part of the story is panic,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the federal government’s measures on Monday that were meant to alleviate customers’ fears, many bank stocks, including those of First Republic, a regional bank based in San Francisco, tanked. The question is whether these ripple effects will last — especially when it comes to the trust between tech start-ups, which drive the Bay Area economy, and their financial institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Brian Watt discussed with Shefrin the role psychology played in the Silicon Valley Bank collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On how Shefrin understands the latest bank collapse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We know that bank runs are simply part and parcel of the banking industry. We had thought that we had it pretty much under control: the establishment of the FDIC, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, that basically insures deposits up to $250,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes Silicon Valley Bank different from some of the other regional banks that are in trouble is that most of their deposits are too large to fall under the $250,000 limit. They’re just outsized. And that’s because the depositors are corporations rather than individuals who need large corporate checking balances. So if you’re a financial institution in that situation, you need to be more prudent than the other large commercial banks that cater to individuals. I think what you saw at Silicon Valley Bank was weakness in terms of risk management for psychological reasons that had to do with overconfidence on the part of the management leaders’ leadership and Silicon Valley Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a breakdown in confidence and trust that led to a mass reaction on the part of depositors as they pulled out. And it’s that psychological aspect. Primitive fight or flight is really what you had take over last week on the part of depositors. And so it was that combination psychology on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On how a financial institution can get overconfident, even after what the tech industry has experienced\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s related to personality and it’s also related to the culture of the environment. So I would say Silicon Valley Bank executives were not atypical of an overconfident culture within Silicon Valley itself. And I want to be clear to say that this is a double-edged sword. You need to have a little overconfidence and a little excessive optimism to do great things. And so having that combination of mild excess has fueled innovation and creativity within the Valley. It’s when you get too much of a good thing that you wind up in trouble.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11943347,forum_2010101892482","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I make a point of telling my students, don’t confuse overconfidence with stupidity. So executives who are successful are oftentimes very smart. But that doesn’t stop them from being overconfident. Overconfidence doesn’t mean they’re not smart. It just means they’re not as smart as they think they are. It’s like a Greek tragedy, where you have heroes who do great things but have fatal flaws. And that’s what I think we had happen at Silicon Valley Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On the role of state regulators in oversight\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley Bank is a state-chartered bank, and so state regulators have first-line responsibility in regulating these institutions. What we know historically is that the strength of regulation ebbs and flows depending on the political environment. So sometimes, especially after crises, there’s a demand for stronger regulation. That’s what we’re hearing now, and over time, when the threats and the risks aren’t as salient, then you will have efforts made to sort of dial back on regulation, because it is true regulation is costly. It’s a balancing act. The question is where is the right balance point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On how people should think about SVB’s failure and financial unrest with a potential recession this year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I think that the [Federal Reserve] is going to feel pressure to pull back on their inflation fight because they might make things a whole lot worse. JPMorgan and other financial institutions have been telling us they think that a recession is going to be in the cards. We get recessions as a natural part of economic activity. It shouldn’t be a surprise if it happens. The question is whether we’ll be able to have a fairly mild recession. I think that’s what we are sort of looking for and hoping for rather than no recession. And so can policymakers take very careful steps, do the best job they can, in order to not throw gasoline on the fire?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11943452/bay-area-behavioral-economist-says-psychology-has-a-lot-to-do-with-silicon-valley-bank-collapse","authors":["11724","11238"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32527","news_32529","news_32530","news_21423","news_28844","news_6927"],"featImg":"news_11943469","label":"news"},"news_11936453":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11936453","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11936453","score":null,"sort":[1672344375000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"border-confusion-and-financial-woes-loom-as-california-braces-for-lifting-of-title-42-in-new-year","title":"Border Confusion and Financial Woes Loom as California Braces for Lifting of Title 42 in New Year","publishDate":1672344375,"format":"standard","headTitle":"CALmatters | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Supreme Court’s latest move allows \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/27/us/politics/title-42-border-supreme-court.html\">a short-term reprieve to an anticipated increase in asylum seekers trying to cross from Mexico\u003c/a> into California and other states, but recent confusion at the border is a preview of what may soon come should a pandemic-era measure known as Title 42 be lifted in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation, and its use as a political backdrop, has prompted local officials to ask what state resources will be available next year with California facing a potential budget shortfall and the possibility that Title 42 will end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Title 42 is a Trump-era immigration policy that has continued under President Joe Biden. It allows border agents to rapidly expel migrants at official ports of entry during public health emergencies. The policy has resulted in the expulsion of tens of thousands of people seeking asylum and has discouraged many others from crossing the border.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11936012,news_11910789,news_11936184\"]The policy states that if the U.S. surgeon general determines there is a communicable disease in another country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/265\">health officials have the authority, with the approval of the president, to prohibit\u003c/a> “the introduction of persons and property from such countries or places” for as long as health officials determine that action is necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure had been set to lift last week by order of a federal court, which would have allowed many asylum-seekers waiting in limbo at the border to go ahead and cross into the United States. Some experts say that because smugglers in Mexico use any shift in U.S. immigration policy to exploit migrants, mere conversation about the possibility of lifting Title 42 triggered even more people to try to cross into the U.S. in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/22a544_n758.pdf\">Supreme Court’s brief order (PDF)\u003c/a> Tuesday stayed — meaning delayed — the trial judge’s ruling that would have lifted Title 42 until the high court hears arguments in the case in February. The political and legal ping-pong in the case is hard enough for U.S. audiences to follow, making it nearly impossible to explain south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court’s order is a response to a request filed by 19 Republican-led states that they be heard in the case. It does not overrule the lower court’s decision that Title 42 is illegal; it merely leaves the measure in place while the legal challenges play out in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal court order that was supposed to lift Title 42 came as a result of a lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union on behalf of asylum-seeking families. Asylum is a protection codified in international law for foreign nationals who meet the legal definition of “refugee.” The United Nations 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol define refugees as people unable or unwilling to return to their home country, and who cannot obtain protection in that country, due to past persecution or a well-founded fear of being persecuted in the future “on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” Congress incorporated this definition into U.S. immigration law in the Refugee Act of 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those stuck in Mexico because of Title 42, waiting can be perilous. Human Rights First has documented more than 13,000 attacks on asylum seekers waiting in Mexico during the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936462\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936462\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Latinx migrants of various ages from adults to children look on with concerned expressions as they stand next to white steel barriers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants wait in line while California border activists organize the group to enter the U.S. and seek asylum through the Chaparral entryway in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 22, 2022. \u003ccite>(Carlos A. Moreno for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because it takes time for news of shifts in U.S. immigration policy to reach areas in rural Mexico and Central America, the numbers of migrants arriving in Tijuana and San Diego this week in anticipation of the end of Title 42 could be elevated right now — and it may take some time before those numbers drop-off as news travels, experts said. Migration numbers typically increase through the first half of the year before dropping off in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County Supervisor Joel Anderson, a former Republican state senator, was among a group of political leaders who recently complained that the state and federal governments have not provided the funds local leaders have requested to handle the expected influx of asylum seekers and other migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not even talking about whether these are good policies or not,” he said. “But whatever the policy is, we become the targets of it. We’re willing to step up, but they have to step up, too, by giving us the resources we need to deal with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He joined several local Republican and Democratic leaders in San Diego in urging in letters and news conferences that the state and the feds should provide more support ahead of the expected end of Title 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials pointed to needing more funding for schools, hospitals, and police services, among other resources, if Title 42 eventually lifts. The near constant legal back-and-forth has also provided a convenient conversation starter for politicians wanting to debate larger immigration policy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the state budget projecting a $25 billion deficit, I’d like to know what the plan is for our schools and to help lift all of our students,” said Andrew Hayes, board president of the Lakeside school district in rural eastern San Diego. Hayes said increases in immigration causes strains to the local educational systems because students fleeing persecution in other countries often have increased mental health needs and sometimes require special instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County Supervisors Nathan Fletcher and Nora Vargas, both Democrats, wrote to Alejandro Mayorkas, the U.S. homeland security secretary, on December 19, also requesting federal resources and “a comprehensive plan to ensure humane entry into the United States for those seeking asylum into our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Title 42 is lifted, we will need additional resources and personnel on the ground to process and arrange for the onward travel of asylum seekers to their final destination,” they wrote. ”We will also need the federal government to set up temporary shelters on federal property to ensure access to needed social and health services. Our hospitals, our public health department, our social services, and our homeless service providers are already at maximum capacity serving vulnerable residents in San Diego.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>El Cajon not 'the governor's neighborhood'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Title 42 policy’s end “will likely increase” migration flows, the Department of Homeland Security officially said last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burden will unfairly fall on a few border cities, Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not talking about releasing people into Sacramento or putting people in the governor’s neighborhood,” said Anderson. “No, they’re talking about releasing people right here in El Cajon, where the median household income is just over $58,000 per year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office responded that the state has done what it can to support local jurisdictions.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Joel Anderson, supervisor, San Diego County\"]'It is irresponsible to ask the City of El Cajon to shoulder the burden and costs necessary to address the needs of these individuals without assistance from the [state] and federal government.'[/pullquote]“While the federal government is responsible for immigration, California has invested more than any other state to ensure the safety and dignity of asylum seekers. Roughly $1 billion has been invested to provide critical services to migrants, including medical screenings, vaccinations, temporary shelter, food, clothes, and other aid. However, with looming budget deficits, the state cannot continue to fund these efforts at scale without significant support from Congress,” said Daniel Lopez, the deputy communications director for Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has advocated for additional resources to help communities like San Diego provide services to recently arrived migrants,” Lopez added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson wrote to Gov. Gavin Newsom on December 14 complaining that a plan that San Diego County officials proposed to the state was rejected. Though he declined to discuss the plan’s specifics, he said it included opening a temporary emergency shelter, providing food, clothing, healthcare and wrap-around services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is irresponsible to ask the City of El Cajon to shoulder the burden and costs necessary to address the needs of these individuals without assistance from the State and federal government,” wrote Anderson in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Newsom has been complaining of a lack of federal support for asylum seekers and immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said earlier this month that, because of the federal government’s lackluster support, the state has had to spend nearly $1 billion in the last three years, working with nonprofits to provide immigrants released from federal detention with health screenings, temporary shelter and help connecting with sponsors. The immigrants had been held at nine facilities in Imperial, San Diego and Riverside counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the respect to the federal government, we’ve been doing their job for the last few years at scale,” Newsom said. “But we cannot continue to absorb that responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislative Analyst’s Office recently said in its annual forecast that Newsom and the Democratic Party-controlled Legislature are facing a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/12/california-budget-deficit-safety-net/\">$24 billion projected budget deficit\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the state enters a recession the outlook is even worse, with revenues predicted to fall short by $30 billion to $50 billion. The governor signed a record-breaking \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/06/california-budget-deal-2/\">$308 billion budget\u003c/a> in June.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]'With the respect to the federal government, we've been doing their job for the last few years at scale. But we cannot continue to absorb that responsibility.'[/pullquote]Advocates say that while migrants sometimes require services when they first enter the country, research shows they ultimately contribute to the larger economy. In California undocumented immigrants collectively pay $3.1 billion a year in state and local taxes, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://itep.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/ITEP-2017-Undocumented-Immigrants-State-and-Local-Contributions.pdf\">Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some migrants in Mexico last week expressed disappointment, concern and confusion about the delay in lifting Title 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several people said they had left shelters with the expectation that the order would be released last week and now they had no place to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the scene outside El Chaparral, a pedestrian border crossing between San Ysidro and Tijuana that has been closed since the pandemic began, looked far different than images coming out of Texas. There, members of the National Guard, armed with rifles, have put up razor wire and are blocking migrants from entering the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Waiting patiently, but getting desperate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Here in Baja California, just south of San Diego, migrants wearing masks stood patiently in lines last week waiting for services or to receive news about any policy changes that may impact their ability to cross the border. The flow of people in the area was orderly, mirroring any other normal mid-week day during the lunch hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A migrant from Michoacán said being out on the streets in Tijuana was extremely uncomfortable for his wife, who has been diagnosed with a brain tumor. He asked not to be named because people in Tijuana were looking for him, putting him in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t been able to receive any help from anywhere,” he said. “We’re getting desperate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said that the county was willing to welcome asylum seekers “with open arms,” but it needs more funds to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if it’s only 10 more people coming in, that’s 10 people too many without additional funding because we already have so many people living on our streets needing services,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936463\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936463\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A migrant mother with her baby in her arms and her daughter by her side sit among other asylum seekers in a crowded room with iron bars on windows.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants line up to get health services near the free non-profit clinic in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 22, 2022. \u003ccite>(Carlos A. Moreno/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Newsom toured a state-funded migrant center that provides services to asylum seekers near the Imperial County border with Mexico on December 12. There the governor criticized Republicans in Congress for politicizing immigration while failing to support comprehensive reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security said it plans to boost resources at the border, “increasing processing efficiency, imposing consequences for unlawful entry, bolstering nonprofit capacity, targeting smugglers and working with international partners,” a DHS spokesperson said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Title 42 is ultimately lifted, the process for processing migrants at the border would return to the way it was before the start of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asylum seekers who don’t have prior permission to be in the country would have to pass what’s called a “credible fear” test. They would have to prove to a processing agent or asylum officer that they have a well-founded fear that if they are deported home, they would face persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that test, migrants would either be removed from the country, detained in immigration custody or released into the U.S. to wait while their asylum cases make their way through immigration court — a \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/672/\">process that can take years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With a projected budget deficit of $24 billion for the next fiscal year and a possible recession, California has yet to figure out how to meet the needs of an influx of migrants when Title 42 ends.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1672787746,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":2236},"headData":{"title":"Border Confusion and Financial Woes Loom as California Braces for Lifting of Title 42 in New Year | KQED","description":"With a projected budget deficit of $24 billion for the next fiscal year and a possible recession, California has yet to figure out how to meet the needs of an influx of migrants when Title 42 ends.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Border Confusion and Financial Woes Loom as California Braces for Lifting of Title 42 in New Year","datePublished":"2022-12-29T20:06:15.000Z","dateModified":"2023-01-03T23:15:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/wendy-fry/\">Wendy Fry\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11936453/border-confusion-and-financial-woes-loom-as-california-braces-for-lifting-of-title-42-in-new-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court’s latest move allows \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/27/us/politics/title-42-border-supreme-court.html\">a short-term reprieve to an anticipated increase in asylum seekers trying to cross from Mexico\u003c/a> into California and other states, but recent confusion at the border is a preview of what may soon come should a pandemic-era measure known as Title 42 be lifted in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation, and its use as a political backdrop, has prompted local officials to ask what state resources will be available next year with California facing a potential budget shortfall and the possibility that Title 42 will end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Title 42 is a Trump-era immigration policy that has continued under President Joe Biden. It allows border agents to rapidly expel migrants at official ports of entry during public health emergencies. The policy has resulted in the expulsion of tens of thousands of people seeking asylum and has discouraged many others from crossing the border.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11936012,news_11910789,news_11936184"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The policy states that if the U.S. surgeon general determines there is a communicable disease in another country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/265\">health officials have the authority, with the approval of the president, to prohibit\u003c/a> “the introduction of persons and property from such countries or places” for as long as health officials determine that action is necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure had been set to lift last week by order of a federal court, which would have allowed many asylum-seekers waiting in limbo at the border to go ahead and cross into the United States. Some experts say that because smugglers in Mexico use any shift in U.S. immigration policy to exploit migrants, mere conversation about the possibility of lifting Title 42 triggered even more people to try to cross into the U.S. in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/22a544_n758.pdf\">Supreme Court’s brief order (PDF)\u003c/a> Tuesday stayed — meaning delayed — the trial judge’s ruling that would have lifted Title 42 until the high court hears arguments in the case in February. The political and legal ping-pong in the case is hard enough for U.S. audiences to follow, making it nearly impossible to explain south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court’s order is a response to a request filed by 19 Republican-led states that they be heard in the case. It does not overrule the lower court’s decision that Title 42 is illegal; it merely leaves the measure in place while the legal challenges play out in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal court order that was supposed to lift Title 42 came as a result of a lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union on behalf of asylum-seeking families. Asylum is a protection codified in international law for foreign nationals who meet the legal definition of “refugee.” The United Nations 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol define refugees as people unable or unwilling to return to their home country, and who cannot obtain protection in that country, due to past persecution or a well-founded fear of being persecuted in the future “on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” Congress incorporated this definition into U.S. immigration law in the Refugee Act of 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those stuck in Mexico because of Title 42, waiting can be perilous. Human Rights First has documented more than 13,000 attacks on asylum seekers waiting in Mexico during the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936462\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936462\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Latinx migrants of various ages from adults to children look on with concerned expressions as they stand next to white steel barriers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-08-copy.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants wait in line while California border activists organize the group to enter the U.S. and seek asylum through the Chaparral entryway in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 22, 2022. \u003ccite>(Carlos A. Moreno for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because it takes time for news of shifts in U.S. immigration policy to reach areas in rural Mexico and Central America, the numbers of migrants arriving in Tijuana and San Diego this week in anticipation of the end of Title 42 could be elevated right now — and it may take some time before those numbers drop-off as news travels, experts said. Migration numbers typically increase through the first half of the year before dropping off in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County Supervisor Joel Anderson, a former Republican state senator, was among a group of political leaders who recently complained that the state and federal governments have not provided the funds local leaders have requested to handle the expected influx of asylum seekers and other migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not even talking about whether these are good policies or not,” he said. “But whatever the policy is, we become the targets of it. We’re willing to step up, but they have to step up, too, by giving us the resources we need to deal with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He joined several local Republican and Democratic leaders in San Diego in urging in letters and news conferences that the state and the feds should provide more support ahead of the expected end of Title 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials pointed to needing more funding for schools, hospitals, and police services, among other resources, if Title 42 eventually lifts. The near constant legal back-and-forth has also provided a convenient conversation starter for politicians wanting to debate larger immigration policy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the state budget projecting a $25 billion deficit, I’d like to know what the plan is for our schools and to help lift all of our students,” said Andrew Hayes, board president of the Lakeside school district in rural eastern San Diego. Hayes said increases in immigration causes strains to the local educational systems because students fleeing persecution in other countries often have increased mental health needs and sometimes require special instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County Supervisors Nathan Fletcher and Nora Vargas, both Democrats, wrote to Alejandro Mayorkas, the U.S. homeland security secretary, on December 19, also requesting federal resources and “a comprehensive plan to ensure humane entry into the United States for those seeking asylum into our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Title 42 is lifted, we will need additional resources and personnel on the ground to process and arrange for the onward travel of asylum seekers to their final destination,” they wrote. ”We will also need the federal government to set up temporary shelters on federal property to ensure access to needed social and health services. Our hospitals, our public health department, our social services, and our homeless service providers are already at maximum capacity serving vulnerable residents in San Diego.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>El Cajon not 'the governor's neighborhood'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Title 42 policy’s end “will likely increase” migration flows, the Department of Homeland Security officially said last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burden will unfairly fall on a few border cities, Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not talking about releasing people into Sacramento or putting people in the governor’s neighborhood,” said Anderson. “No, they’re talking about releasing people right here in El Cajon, where the median household income is just over $58,000 per year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office responded that the state has done what it can to support local jurisdictions.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It is irresponsible to ask the City of El Cajon to shoulder the burden and costs necessary to address the needs of these individuals without assistance from the [state] and federal government.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Joel Anderson, supervisor, San Diego County","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“While the federal government is responsible for immigration, California has invested more than any other state to ensure the safety and dignity of asylum seekers. Roughly $1 billion has been invested to provide critical services to migrants, including medical screenings, vaccinations, temporary shelter, food, clothes, and other aid. However, with looming budget deficits, the state cannot continue to fund these efforts at scale without significant support from Congress,” said Daniel Lopez, the deputy communications director for Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has advocated for additional resources to help communities like San Diego provide services to recently arrived migrants,” Lopez added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson wrote to Gov. Gavin Newsom on December 14 complaining that a plan that San Diego County officials proposed to the state was rejected. Though he declined to discuss the plan’s specifics, he said it included opening a temporary emergency shelter, providing food, clothing, healthcare and wrap-around services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is irresponsible to ask the City of El Cajon to shoulder the burden and costs necessary to address the needs of these individuals without assistance from the State and federal government,” wrote Anderson in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Newsom has been complaining of a lack of federal support for asylum seekers and immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said earlier this month that, because of the federal government’s lackluster support, the state has had to spend nearly $1 billion in the last three years, working with nonprofits to provide immigrants released from federal detention with health screenings, temporary shelter and help connecting with sponsors. The immigrants had been held at nine facilities in Imperial, San Diego and Riverside counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the respect to the federal government, we’ve been doing their job for the last few years at scale,” Newsom said. “But we cannot continue to absorb that responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislative Analyst’s Office recently said in its annual forecast that Newsom and the Democratic Party-controlled Legislature are facing a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/12/california-budget-deficit-safety-net/\">$24 billion projected budget deficit\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the state enters a recession the outlook is even worse, with revenues predicted to fall short by $30 billion to $50 billion. The governor signed a record-breaking \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/06/california-budget-deal-2/\">$308 billion budget\u003c/a> in June.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'With the respect to the federal government, we've been doing their job for the last few years at scale. But we cannot continue to absorb that responsibility.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Gov. Gavin Newsom","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Advocates say that while migrants sometimes require services when they first enter the country, research shows they ultimately contribute to the larger economy. In California undocumented immigrants collectively pay $3.1 billion a year in state and local taxes, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://itep.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/ITEP-2017-Undocumented-Immigrants-State-and-Local-Contributions.pdf\">Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some migrants in Mexico last week expressed disappointment, concern and confusion about the delay in lifting Title 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several people said they had left shelters with the expectation that the order would be released last week and now they had no place to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the scene outside El Chaparral, a pedestrian border crossing between San Ysidro and Tijuana that has been closed since the pandemic began, looked far different than images coming out of Texas. There, members of the National Guard, armed with rifles, have put up razor wire and are blocking migrants from entering the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Waiting patiently, but getting desperate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Here in Baja California, just south of San Diego, migrants wearing masks stood patiently in lines last week waiting for services or to receive news about any policy changes that may impact their ability to cross the border. The flow of people in the area was orderly, mirroring any other normal mid-week day during the lunch hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A migrant from Michoacán said being out on the streets in Tijuana was extremely uncomfortable for his wife, who has been diagnosed with a brain tumor. He asked not to be named because people in Tijuana were looking for him, putting him in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t been able to receive any help from anywhere,” he said. “We’re getting desperate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said that the county was willing to welcome asylum seekers “with open arms,” but it needs more funds to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if it’s only 10 more people coming in, that’s 10 people too many without additional funding because we already have so many people living on our streets needing services,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936463\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936463\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A migrant mother with her baby in her arms and her daughter by her side sit among other asylum seekers in a crowded room with iron bars on windows.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/122222-Title-42-Migrants-MC-CM-05-copy.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants line up to get health services near the free non-profit clinic in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 22, 2022. \u003ccite>(Carlos A. Moreno/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Newsom toured a state-funded migrant center that provides services to asylum seekers near the Imperial County border with Mexico on December 12. There the governor criticized Republicans in Congress for politicizing immigration while failing to support comprehensive reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security said it plans to boost resources at the border, “increasing processing efficiency, imposing consequences for unlawful entry, bolstering nonprofit capacity, targeting smugglers and working with international partners,” a DHS spokesperson said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Title 42 is ultimately lifted, the process for processing migrants at the border would return to the way it was before the start of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asylum seekers who don’t have prior permission to be in the country would have to pass what’s called a “credible fear” test. They would have to prove to a processing agent or asylum officer that they have a well-founded fear that if they are deported home, they would face persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that test, migrants would either be removed from the country, detained in immigration custody or released into the U.S. to wait while their asylum cases make their way through immigration court — a \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/672/\">process that can take years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11936453/border-confusion-and-financial-woes-loom-as-california-braces-for-lifting-of-title-42-in-new-year","authors":["byline_news_11936453"],"categories":["news_1758","news_1169","news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_26233","news_27946","news_32224","news_28844","news_19006","news_30868"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11936471","label":"news_18481"},"news_11936184":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11936184","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11936184","score":null,"sort":[1671739154000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-safety-net-may-feel-the-strain-amid-recession-and-24-billion-budget-deficit","title":"California's Safety Net May Feel the Strain Amid Potential Recession and $24 Billion Budget Deficit","publishDate":1671739154,"format":"standard","headTitle":"CALmatters | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California faces a projected deficit next year even if the U.S. avoids a recession. Despite the expected shortfall, policymakers say they’ll maintain spending on social programs, though advocates are calling for more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislative Analyst’s Office recently said in its annual forecast that Gov. Gavin Newsom and the Democratic Party-controlled Legislature are facing a \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4646\">$24 billion projected budget deficit\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the state enters a recession, the outlook is even worse, with revenues predicted to fall short by $30 billion to $50 billion. The governor signed a record-breaking $308 billion budget in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative analyst attributes the projected shortfall to California’s reliance on those whose incomes often ebb and flow with the price of stocks, real estate and other investments.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Phil Ting (D-San Francisco), chair, Assembly budget committee\"]'We have a significant amount of cash available, both in terms of reserves, but also in terms of liquidity. So this is a very different situation than the state faced in 2008–2009, where they were running out of cash.'[/pullquote]“Those are the same people who get a lot of their income from financial investments,” said Legislative Analyst Gabriel Petek. “That volatility then gets transmitted directly to the state budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor will present a proposed budget in January and then a revision in May. The budget, which the Legislature must approve, will fund state government for the fiscal year beginning July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H.D. Palmer, spokesperson for the state Department of Finance, declined to comment on whether social spending cuts might be proposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did say, however, that the governor’s priority was to not scale back programs that people have come to depend on, or to begin new ones. Some program expansions in later fiscal years could be delayed if there isn’t enough revenue to support them, he said. The goal is to avoid the kind of drastic program reductions enacted during the Great Recession that took years for the state to restore.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Building reserves\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s Democratic legislative leaders have said they are not inclined to cut recently expanded programs, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2022/02/medi-cal-expansion-immigrants/\">extension of free health care\u003c/a> to lower-income undocumented immigrants, which began with older adults this year and is slated to open up to all ages in January 2024. The expansion is expected to cost more than $2 billion annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The budget is in a much stronger position than it was during the state’s last fiscal crisis, said Phil Ting, the Assembly budget committee chair from San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“We have a significant amount of cash available, both in terms of reserves, but also in terms of liquidity,” Ting said. “So this is a very different situation than the state faced in 2008–2009, where they were running out of cash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor, nevertheless, has signaled he is being cautious. Newsom in October said he had vetoed 169 bills and saved taxpayers billions. Seventy-five of those vetoes were directly budget related, with many including boilerplate language that the state was facing “lower-than-expected revenues” and that it was “important to remain disciplined when it comes to spending, particularly spending that is ongoing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the bills vetoed by the governor earlier this year were proposals to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1930\">expand government-funded care for new mothers\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1919\">expand free transit programs for California students\u003c/a> and create \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2222\">grants for graduate students in mental health\u003c/a> who commit to working at certain California-based nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, whom voters elected to another four-year term, has used surpluses to pay down debts, build reserves and provide direct payments to millions of Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently Moody’s Analytics \u003ca href=\"https://www.economy.com/getlocal?q=a7a91c91-cad1-447d-a03f-cd48c8cdaa21&app=eccafile\">rated California one of the states most prepared for a recession (PDF)\u003c/a>, citing its reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, California’s budget enacted in June 2021 committed to $3.4 billion in new ongoing spending and is \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4646\">expected to grow to $12 billion in the 2025 budget year\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/06/california-budget-deal-2/\">budget enacted in June\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>of this year committed an additional $2.3 billion, expected to grow to nearly $5 billion by the 2026 budget year, the Legislative Analyst’s Office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has $37 billion in specific reserve funds. That includes about $23 billion in a rainy day fund voters agreed to strengthen in 2014 at the urging of then-Gov. Jerry Brown. The state also has $900 million in a reserve account for safety net programs. The rest of those reserve funds are in school-specific and general operating reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Palmer noted, the state can only draw down the rainy day fund by half in any year. The Legislative Analyst’s Office has advised the Legislature to slow down or pause program expansions before dipping into reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ting’s office contends the state has billions in unspent federal and state dollars in its coffers that could address a potential deficit. Using that money would avoid cuts to programs but delay other projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is it time to spend?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Anti-poverty advocates said in interviews they plan to continue pushing for program expansions, arguing the precipice of a downturn is the time to bolster social spending, not cut it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 30% of California residents live in or near poverty, according to the Public Policy Institute of California. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/11/child-tax-credit/\">Experts expect poverty rates to increase\u003c/a> after the end of a boost in federal cash aid, which came in 2021 in the form of an expanded child tax credit included in the American Rescue Plan Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates are proposing that California mimic that federal expansion by opening up the state’s young child tax credit, currently a $1,000-a-year credit for lower-income families with children under age 6, to include all children in lower-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They estimate 1 million children live in families that would qualify, at an additional cost of $700 million a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional tax credits could make a difference to people like Ivonne Sonato-Vega, a medical assistant in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year she used some of the $4,000 in federal child tax credits on school supplies and clothes for the four children she and her boyfriend are raising, she said. With prices rising this year, she was unable to save any of that subsidy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936193\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11936193\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A Latina woman in her late-30s with long black hair smiles toward the camera in a house.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1044\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivonne Sonato-Vega at her home in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Brian Frank for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the credits were an annual payment, she said, it would allow her to plan for expenses, maybe use it as “a little savings account” to draw on when the children grow out of their clothes or save it for a security deposit if the family needs to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of like a tease,” she said of the credit. “It was here and then not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates said they also want the state to create an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/04/california-undocumented-immigrants/\">unemployment benefits program for undocumented immigrants\u003c/a> and to include all lower-income immigrants, regardless of immigration status, in its food assistance program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the projected budget shortfalls make it more challenging, but the past few years highlighted why something like this is so important,” said Sasha Feldstein, economic justice policy manager at the California Immigrant Policy Center. “People who are excluded from our safety net have been the most adversely impacted from the COVID-19 pandemic and are the most harmed during times of economic downturn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and Newsom this year allocated money to expand the California Food Assistance Program, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/06/california-food-assistance/\">a state version of food stamps, to include undocumented immigrants age 55 and older\u003c/a>; the benefits are expected to become available late next year. Newsom vetoed a bill that would have tested an unemployment benefits program for undocumented immigrants, citing costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The makings of a budget problem\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The projected shortfall is the state’s first major fiscal challenge since Newsom’s office predicted a $54 billion shortfall in May 2020, when the country was in the grips of the COVID-19 pandemic. After financial markets rebounded and the federal government provided unprecedented stimulus, the anticipated shortfall resulted in surpluses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Reserve began hiking interest rates in March 2022 to cool inflation. Then housing sales, initial public stock offerings and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-18/california-faces-loss-of-ipo-crown-as-tech-startup-plans-stymied\">stock markets fell\u003c/a>. All are important sources of personal income tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/759\">personal income withholding fell\u003c/a> even as the job market recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last decade, California has increasingly relied on some of the state’s highest earners to fund its budget which, among other things, takes aim at poverty and some of the nation’s starkest income inequality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the state’s general fund is paid for by its progressive personal income tax, which voters in 2012 raised on the state’s highest earners after Brown warned of cuts to health and education. In 2016 voters extended those higher income tax rates through 2030 while also allowing a temporary sales tax to expire. The increases, meant for education and health care spending, have also paid for increased social safety net spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 49% of the personal income tax paid in California in 2020 came from just 1% of tax filers, according to the state’s finance department. And in the past decade, taxes collected from the most volatile form of income — capital gains — have doubled, making up a larger share of the state’s revenue and tying the state’s budget to particularly unstable economic cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address that, voters approved changes to the state’s rainy day fund in 2014. The changes serve as a check on spending, directing California to capture additional dollars in reserve when capital gains tax receipts are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building reserves large enough for a state to ride through a recession is difficult, said Donald Boyd, a state finance expert at the University of Albany in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a practical matter, it is very hard to build a rainy day fund that’s big enough to get you through a rainy season,” Boyd said. “You need huge amounts of money to offset the effects of even a modest recession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Advocates warn that now is not the time to cut programs that help people with the lowest incomes. The state has reserves to weather a tough year, but a recession could deepen the deficit.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1671743237,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1739},"headData":{"title":"California's Safety Net May Feel the Strain Amid Potential Recession and $24 Billion Budget Deficit | KQED","description":"Advocates warn that now is not the time to cut programs that help people with the lowest incomes. The state has reserves to weather a tough year, but a recession could deepen the deficit.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California's Safety Net May Feel the Strain Amid Potential Recession and $24 Billion Budget Deficit","datePublished":"2022-12-22T19:59:14.000Z","dateModified":"2022-12-22T21:07:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/alejandro-lazo/\">Alejandro Lazo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/jeanne-kuang/\">Jeanne Kuang\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11936184/californias-safety-net-may-feel-the-strain-amid-recession-and-24-billion-budget-deficit","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California faces a projected deficit next year even if the U.S. avoids a recession. Despite the expected shortfall, policymakers say they’ll maintain spending on social programs, though advocates are calling for more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislative Analyst’s Office recently said in its annual forecast that Gov. Gavin Newsom and the Democratic Party-controlled Legislature are facing a \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4646\">$24 billion projected budget deficit\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the state enters a recession, the outlook is even worse, with revenues predicted to fall short by $30 billion to $50 billion. The governor signed a record-breaking $308 billion budget in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative analyst attributes the projected shortfall to California’s reliance on those whose incomes often ebb and flow with the price of stocks, real estate and other investments.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We have a significant amount of cash available, both in terms of reserves, but also in terms of liquidity. So this is a very different situation than the state faced in 2008–2009, where they were running out of cash.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Phil Ting (D-San Francisco), chair, Assembly budget committee","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Those are the same people who get a lot of their income from financial investments,” said Legislative Analyst Gabriel Petek. “That volatility then gets transmitted directly to the state budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor will present a proposed budget in January and then a revision in May. The budget, which the Legislature must approve, will fund state government for the fiscal year beginning July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H.D. Palmer, spokesperson for the state Department of Finance, declined to comment on whether social spending cuts might be proposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did say, however, that the governor’s priority was to not scale back programs that people have come to depend on, or to begin new ones. Some program expansions in later fiscal years could be delayed if there isn’t enough revenue to support them, he said. The goal is to avoid the kind of drastic program reductions enacted during the Great Recession that took years for the state to restore.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Building reserves\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s Democratic legislative leaders have said they are not inclined to cut recently expanded programs, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2022/02/medi-cal-expansion-immigrants/\">extension of free health care\u003c/a> to lower-income undocumented immigrants, which began with older adults this year and is slated to open up to all ages in January 2024. The expansion is expected to cost more than $2 billion annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The budget is in a much stronger position than it was during the state’s last fiscal crisis, said Phil Ting, the Assembly budget committee chair from San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“We have a significant amount of cash available, both in terms of reserves, but also in terms of liquidity,” Ting said. “So this is a very different situation than the state faced in 2008–2009, where they were running out of cash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor, nevertheless, has signaled he is being cautious. Newsom in October said he had vetoed 169 bills and saved taxpayers billions. Seventy-five of those vetoes were directly budget related, with many including boilerplate language that the state was facing “lower-than-expected revenues” and that it was “important to remain disciplined when it comes to spending, particularly spending that is ongoing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the bills vetoed by the governor earlier this year were proposals to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1930\">expand government-funded care for new mothers\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1919\">expand free transit programs for California students\u003c/a> and create \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2222\">grants for graduate students in mental health\u003c/a> who commit to working at certain California-based nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, whom voters elected to another four-year term, has used surpluses to pay down debts, build reserves and provide direct payments to millions of Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently Moody’s Analytics \u003ca href=\"https://www.economy.com/getlocal?q=a7a91c91-cad1-447d-a03f-cd48c8cdaa21&app=eccafile\">rated California one of the states most prepared for a recession (PDF)\u003c/a>, citing its reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, California’s budget enacted in June 2021 committed to $3.4 billion in new ongoing spending and is \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4646\">expected to grow to $12 billion in the 2025 budget year\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/06/california-budget-deal-2/\">budget enacted in June\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>of this year committed an additional $2.3 billion, expected to grow to nearly $5 billion by the 2026 budget year, the Legislative Analyst’s Office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has $37 billion in specific reserve funds. That includes about $23 billion in a rainy day fund voters agreed to strengthen in 2014 at the urging of then-Gov. Jerry Brown. The state also has $900 million in a reserve account for safety net programs. The rest of those reserve funds are in school-specific and general operating reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Palmer noted, the state can only draw down the rainy day fund by half in any year. The Legislative Analyst’s Office has advised the Legislature to slow down or pause program expansions before dipping into reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ting’s office contends the state has billions in unspent federal and state dollars in its coffers that could address a potential deficit. Using that money would avoid cuts to programs but delay other projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is it time to spend?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Anti-poverty advocates said in interviews they plan to continue pushing for program expansions, arguing the precipice of a downturn is the time to bolster social spending, not cut it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 30% of California residents live in or near poverty, according to the Public Policy Institute of California. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/11/child-tax-credit/\">Experts expect poverty rates to increase\u003c/a> after the end of a boost in federal cash aid, which came in 2021 in the form of an expanded child tax credit included in the American Rescue Plan Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates are proposing that California mimic that federal expansion by opening up the state’s young child tax credit, currently a $1,000-a-year credit for lower-income families with children under age 6, to include all children in lower-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They estimate 1 million children live in families that would qualify, at an additional cost of $700 million a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional tax credits could make a difference to people like Ivonne Sonato-Vega, a medical assistant in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year she used some of the $4,000 in federal child tax credits on school supplies and clothes for the four children she and her boyfriend are raising, she said. With prices rising this year, she was unable to save any of that subsidy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936193\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11936193\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A Latina woman in her late-30s with long black hair smiles toward the camera in a house.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1044\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/121922-IVONNE-CALDEFICIT-BF-73-CM-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivonne Sonato-Vega at her home in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Brian Frank for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the credits were an annual payment, she said, it would allow her to plan for expenses, maybe use it as “a little savings account” to draw on when the children grow out of their clothes or save it for a security deposit if the family needs to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of like a tease,” she said of the credit. “It was here and then not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates said they also want the state to create an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/04/california-undocumented-immigrants/\">unemployment benefits program for undocumented immigrants\u003c/a> and to include all lower-income immigrants, regardless of immigration status, in its food assistance program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the projected budget shortfalls make it more challenging, but the past few years highlighted why something like this is so important,” said Sasha Feldstein, economic justice policy manager at the California Immigrant Policy Center. “People who are excluded from our safety net have been the most adversely impacted from the COVID-19 pandemic and are the most harmed during times of economic downturn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and Newsom this year allocated money to expand the California Food Assistance Program, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/06/california-food-assistance/\">a state version of food stamps, to include undocumented immigrants age 55 and older\u003c/a>; the benefits are expected to become available late next year. Newsom vetoed a bill that would have tested an unemployment benefits program for undocumented immigrants, citing costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The makings of a budget problem\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The projected shortfall is the state’s first major fiscal challenge since Newsom’s office predicted a $54 billion shortfall in May 2020, when the country was in the grips of the COVID-19 pandemic. After financial markets rebounded and the federal government provided unprecedented stimulus, the anticipated shortfall resulted in surpluses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Reserve began hiking interest rates in March 2022 to cool inflation. Then housing sales, initial public stock offerings and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-18/california-faces-loss-of-ipo-crown-as-tech-startup-plans-stymied\">stock markets fell\u003c/a>. All are important sources of personal income tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/759\">personal income withholding fell\u003c/a> even as the job market recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last decade, California has increasingly relied on some of the state’s highest earners to fund its budget which, among other things, takes aim at poverty and some of the nation’s starkest income inequality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the state’s general fund is paid for by its progressive personal income tax, which voters in 2012 raised on the state’s highest earners after Brown warned of cuts to health and education. In 2016 voters extended those higher income tax rates through 2030 while also allowing a temporary sales tax to expire. The increases, meant for education and health care spending, have also paid for increased social safety net spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 49% of the personal income tax paid in California in 2020 came from just 1% of tax filers, according to the state’s finance department. And in the past decade, taxes collected from the most volatile form of income — capital gains — have doubled, making up a larger share of the state’s revenue and tying the state’s budget to particularly unstable economic cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address that, voters approved changes to the state’s rainy day fund in 2014. The changes serve as a check on spending, directing California to capture additional dollars in reserve when capital gains tax receipts are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building reserves large enough for a state to ride through a recession is difficult, said Donald Boyd, a state finance expert at the University of Albany in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a practical matter, it is very hard to build a rainy day fund that’s big enough to get you through a rainy season,” Boyd said. “You need huge amounts of money to offset the effects of even a modest recession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11936184/californias-safety-net-may-feel-the-strain-amid-recession-and-24-billion-budget-deficit","authors":["byline_news_11936184"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_402","news_25015","news_28844"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11936197","label":"news_18481"},"news_11934096":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11934096","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11934096","score":null,"sort":[1670273586000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-californias-beleaguered-jobless-benefits-agency-ready-for-a-recession","title":"Is California's Beleaguered Jobless Benefits Agency Ready for a Recession?","publishDate":1670273586,"format":"standard","headTitle":"CALmatters | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A cascade of tech layoffs, the strain of inflation and news of potentially recession-inducing decisions from federal bankers could spell tough economic times ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If more people are laid off, more Californians will turn to unemployment benefits to help them afford the basics while they look for a new job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a process that buckled under the pressures of the pandemic. Residents sometimes \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfweekly.com/news/a-bureaucratic-nightmare-on-hold-with-the-edd/\">waited months for benefits \u003c/a>from the state’s Employment Development Department, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-11/california-covid-19-coronavirus-unemployment-calls-issues\">dialing the department hundreds of times\u003c/a>. On top of that was a string of fraud scandals: Claims came from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/david-goldstein-possible-edd-fraud-claims-for-minors/\">\"unemployed\" infants and children\u003c/a> and, according to prosecutors, benefits were paid to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2020/11/california-edd-fraud-claims-inmates/\">tens of thousands of incarcerated people\u003c/a> in jail and prison, who are ineligible. The \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/handouts/state_admin/2022/UI-Report-Overview-092822.pdf#page=4\">vast majority of the fraud (PDF)\u003c/a> was in temporary, federally funded pandemic aid programs.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gareth Lacy, communications advisor, California Employment Development Department\"]'[Thanks to] the level of testing that the pandemic put us through, we are in such a strong position to weather a typical economic contraction.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation has since improved. But how will the system hold up if there’s a recession?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to “the level of testing that the pandemic put us through, we are in such a strong position to weather a typical economic contraction,” said Gareth Lacy, communications advisor at the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is convinced. “There have been some major improvements,” said Daniela Urban, executive director of the Center for Workers’ Rights. “But I think we’re not at the point where if a major crisis hit the unemployment system again, the system would be able to function as it should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recession would probably look different from the shocking early months of the pandemic, when claims for new benefits jumped tenfold from February to March of 2020, according to department data. One point of comparison: There were 20 million claims for unemployment benefits during the pandemic and just 3.8 million during the Great Recession, according to Lacy. And during the pandemic, the challenge for the department wasn’t just dealing with the surge of claims; it also had to implement new federal aid programs.[aside postID=\"news_11922036,news_11922059,news_11929471\" label=\"Related Posts\"]The incredible wave of people applying in a matter of weeks was “extreme,” said Till von Wachter, economics professor at UCLA. Normal recessions are more gradual, he said, so the number of claims the department has to process per week would likely be lower. “They just went through trial by fire,” von Wachter said. He’s optimistic that the department would be able to better deal with a recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, if the agency struggles to keep up with the demands of a recession, it wouldn’t be the first time. In the wake of the recession that began in 2008, reports emerged that checks were delayed due to outdated computers, and exasperated workers were met with busy phone lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Inside the department's recession plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2021, state lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB390\">required the department to come up with a recession plan\u003c/a>; the result is a nearly \u003ca href=\"https://edd.ca.gov/siteassets/files/about_edd/pdf/sb-390-recession-plan---edd-report.pdf\">90-page report (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One change, the report explains, is that the department created a new team tasked with forecasting unemployment benefit-related workloads and figuring how many staff would be needed. The report also details how the department would adapt if the unemployment rate reached specific levels. California’s unemployment rate is currently around 4%, but if, for example, it ticked up to 6%, the plan includes authorizing overtime, reducing vacation slots during peak periods, and limiting the approval of part-time requests. If it reached 8%, the department would hire additional staff and “deploy retired annuitants.” If it reached 12%, it would be time to call in the contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says pulling all this off is challenging because federal funding for unemployment benefit administration is tied to an actual — not anticipated — workload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has made some other changes that could smooth the process of getting benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Californians whose primary language is not English, expanded multilingual services should make it easier to navigate the system. “Individuals who are not fluent in English face insurmountable barriers to receiving assistance,” found a \u003ca href=\"https://www.govops.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/09/Assessment.pdf\">September 2020 \"strike team\" report (PDF)\u003c/a>. In a February \u003ca href=\"https://lafla.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/LAFLA-et-al.-v.-EDD-Stipulated-Settlement-Agreement.pdf\">settlement with several advocacy groups (PDF)\u003c/a>, the department agreed to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Provide real-time spoken and signed language services for workers in any language they need.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add dedicated phone lines for Korean, Tagalog and Armenian speakers in addition to existing lines serving Spanish, Mandarin, Cantonese and Vietnamese speakers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Translate all important unemployment benefits documents in the top 15 non-English languages used in the state by the end of 2022.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>A new section of the unemployment benefits website now provides forms and other information translated into eight languages, plus \u003ca href=\"https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Simplified_Chinese_character\">simplified Chinese\u003c/a>. The expansion came after a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB138\">legislative push to add multilingual services for unemployment benefits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another recent change addresses what happens if you start getting benefits, and then your eligibility is called into question. In the past if, in the course of filling out forms to prove your ongoing eligibility, you indicate that you worked one day, or were sick one day — two things that could disqualify you from receiving benefits — the department would stop sending payments until it determined whether you were still eligible, which could require an interview, said Urban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the height of the pandemic, [the department] was so behind the determinations [that] people were waiting 15, 16 or more weeks for these determinations,” and in the meantime, they weren’t receiving any benefits, Urban said. Now, if the agency can’t determine whether you’re eligible within 14 days, it will keep paying benefits while they sort out the issue, Urban said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been other \u003ca href=\"https://edd.ca.gov/siteassets/files/pdf/edd-2021-year-in-review_v06.pdf\">customer service tweaks over the past couple of years (PDF)\u003c/a>, including adding a callback feature on call center phone lines so that people don’t have to wait on hold, improving the mobile phone version of the website, and enabling claimants to upload documents, rather than requiring them to physically mail them in, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department has also begun a multiyear modernization effort, dubbed EDDNext, aimed at improving customer service for unemployment benefits, paid family leave, and disability insurance, for which the department received $136 million this year. So far, the department has begun designing a new online login that will work for unemployment benefits as well as paid family leave and disability insurance, and designing forms that are easier to read and understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s a recession, some workers can’t turn to unemployment benefits. That includes the self-employed, who generally aren’t covered by unemployment benefits, said Jenna Gerry, senior staff attorney at the National Employment Law Project. The federal government created temporary benefits for self-employed workers and contractors during the pandemic, but that ended in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another large group that will find itself without unemployment benefits if a recession hits is undocumented workers — despite a major push from advocates and a bill passed by the Legislature. Under federal law, undocumented workers can’t get traditional unemployment benefits, said Gerry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, worker and immigrant advocates pushed for a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/04/california-undocumented-immigrants/\">new pilot program\u003c/a> that would have provided unemployment-like benefits to noncitizen workers — an \u003ca href=\"https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb22-234\">idea Colorado lawmakers embraced this year\u003c/a>. But California legislators didn’t provide funding for the program in the state budget, said Sasha Feldstein, economic justice policy director for the California Immigrant Policy Center. Curiously, they then passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2847\">a bill\u003c/a> that laid out how the program would work, but which didn’t include funding, and Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AB-2847-VETO.pdf?emrc=87cd0d\">vetoed the bill (PDF)\u003c/a>, citing, in part, the absence of “a dedicated funding source.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An $18 billion-dollar problem\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another consequence of a recession could be the growth of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/03/california-unemployment-debt/\">California’s already massive unemployment debt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s unemployment insurance trust fund ran out of money during the pandemic, after so many laid-off Californians relied on the benefits. The federal government loaned California billions to keep benefits flowing, and the state still is on the hook to pay back about $18 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s debt is uniquely large. While many states had to turn to the feds to pay out benefits during the pandemic, at this point just California, New York, Connecticut, Illinois and the Virgin Islands still have debt. California’s debt is roughly double the size of the other four combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time the system has gone into debt. In the wake of the Great Recession, the \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4442\">debt grew to about $10 billion\u003c/a>. California didn’t finish paying it off until the spring of 2018, according to H.D. Palmer, spokesperson for the Finance Department, and the state spent about $1.4 billion on interest on the Great Recession era unemployment debt, according to Palmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unemployment benefits are funded by employers, and to pay off the current debt, a federal tax on employers will automatically increase by $21 per employee in 2023, and ratchet up by an additional $21 per employee per year until the loan is repaid. This year state lawmakers also decided to kick in $250 million in state funds toward the loan principal and $342.4 million to cover the interest accrued so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the state goes into a recession, that debt could grow even larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is a slowdown in the economy, we are totally and completely unprepared to be able to provide for California workers because of the deficit,” said Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, which represents major employers and has advocated for the state to contribute $10 billion to pay down the loan principal. “There may not be an interest in Congress to bail out California and New York,” Lapsley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it would be unprecedented for the federal government to let a state’s unemployment system run out of money and stop providing benefits, said Gerry, with the National Employment Law Project. “That has never happened in the history of the unemployment insurance program since it was enacted in 1935.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think that there’s a real threat that no benefits will be available,” Gerry said. But having a system that repeatedly goes into debt means that taxpayers get stuck with an avoidable bill. And, Gerry said, “if we had more money in our trust fund, it would be easier to make the case that we could enhance benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California's Employment Development Department struggled to keep up with the demands of the pandemic. But the department has made several changes that could smooth the process of getting benefits.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1670302426,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1812},"headData":{"title":"Is California's Beleaguered Jobless Benefits Agency Ready for a Recession? | KQED","description":"California's Employment Development Department struggled to keep up with the demands of the pandemic. But the department has made several changes that could smooth the process of getting benefits.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Is California's Beleaguered Jobless Benefits Agency Ready for a Recession?","datePublished":"2022-12-05T20:53:06.000Z","dateModified":"2022-12-06T04:53:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"Grace Gedye","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11934096/is-californias-beleaguered-jobless-benefits-agency-ready-for-a-recession","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A cascade of tech layoffs, the strain of inflation and news of potentially recession-inducing decisions from federal bankers could spell tough economic times ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If more people are laid off, more Californians will turn to unemployment benefits to help them afford the basics while they look for a new job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a process that buckled under the pressures of the pandemic. Residents sometimes \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfweekly.com/news/a-bureaucratic-nightmare-on-hold-with-the-edd/\">waited months for benefits \u003c/a>from the state’s Employment Development Department, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-11/california-covid-19-coronavirus-unemployment-calls-issues\">dialing the department hundreds of times\u003c/a>. On top of that was a string of fraud scandals: Claims came from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/david-goldstein-possible-edd-fraud-claims-for-minors/\">\"unemployed\" infants and children\u003c/a> and, according to prosecutors, benefits were paid to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2020/11/california-edd-fraud-claims-inmates/\">tens of thousands of incarcerated people\u003c/a> in jail and prison, who are ineligible. The \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/handouts/state_admin/2022/UI-Report-Overview-092822.pdf#page=4\">vast majority of the fraud (PDF)\u003c/a> was in temporary, federally funded pandemic aid programs.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'[Thanks to] the level of testing that the pandemic put us through, we are in such a strong position to weather a typical economic contraction.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Gareth Lacy, communications advisor, California Employment Development Department","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation has since improved. But how will the system hold up if there’s a recession?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to “the level of testing that the pandemic put us through, we are in such a strong position to weather a typical economic contraction,” said Gareth Lacy, communications advisor at the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is convinced. “There have been some major improvements,” said Daniela Urban, executive director of the Center for Workers’ Rights. “But I think we’re not at the point where if a major crisis hit the unemployment system again, the system would be able to function as it should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recession would probably look different from the shocking early months of the pandemic, when claims for new benefits jumped tenfold from February to March of 2020, according to department data. One point of comparison: There were 20 million claims for unemployment benefits during the pandemic and just 3.8 million during the Great Recession, according to Lacy. And during the pandemic, the challenge for the department wasn’t just dealing with the surge of claims; it also had to implement new federal aid programs.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11922036,news_11922059,news_11929471","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The incredible wave of people applying in a matter of weeks was “extreme,” said Till von Wachter, economics professor at UCLA. Normal recessions are more gradual, he said, so the number of claims the department has to process per week would likely be lower. “They just went through trial by fire,” von Wachter said. He’s optimistic that the department would be able to better deal with a recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, if the agency struggles to keep up with the demands of a recession, it wouldn’t be the first time. In the wake of the recession that began in 2008, reports emerged that checks were delayed due to outdated computers, and exasperated workers were met with busy phone lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Inside the department's recession plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2021, state lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB390\">required the department to come up with a recession plan\u003c/a>; the result is a nearly \u003ca href=\"https://edd.ca.gov/siteassets/files/about_edd/pdf/sb-390-recession-plan---edd-report.pdf\">90-page report (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One change, the report explains, is that the department created a new team tasked with forecasting unemployment benefit-related workloads and figuring how many staff would be needed. The report also details how the department would adapt if the unemployment rate reached specific levels. California’s unemployment rate is currently around 4%, but if, for example, it ticked up to 6%, the plan includes authorizing overtime, reducing vacation slots during peak periods, and limiting the approval of part-time requests. If it reached 8%, the department would hire additional staff and “deploy retired annuitants.” If it reached 12%, it would be time to call in the contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says pulling all this off is challenging because federal funding for unemployment benefit administration is tied to an actual — not anticipated — workload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has made some other changes that could smooth the process of getting benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Californians whose primary language is not English, expanded multilingual services should make it easier to navigate the system. “Individuals who are not fluent in English face insurmountable barriers to receiving assistance,” found a \u003ca href=\"https://www.govops.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/09/Assessment.pdf\">September 2020 \"strike team\" report (PDF)\u003c/a>. In a February \u003ca href=\"https://lafla.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/LAFLA-et-al.-v.-EDD-Stipulated-Settlement-Agreement.pdf\">settlement with several advocacy groups (PDF)\u003c/a>, the department agreed to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Provide real-time spoken and signed language services for workers in any language they need.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add dedicated phone lines for Korean, Tagalog and Armenian speakers in addition to existing lines serving Spanish, Mandarin, Cantonese and Vietnamese speakers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Translate all important unemployment benefits documents in the top 15 non-English languages used in the state by the end of 2022.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>A new section of the unemployment benefits website now provides forms and other information translated into eight languages, plus \u003ca href=\"https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Simplified_Chinese_character\">simplified Chinese\u003c/a>. The expansion came after a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB138\">legislative push to add multilingual services for unemployment benefits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another recent change addresses what happens if you start getting benefits, and then your eligibility is called into question. In the past if, in the course of filling out forms to prove your ongoing eligibility, you indicate that you worked one day, or were sick one day — two things that could disqualify you from receiving benefits — the department would stop sending payments until it determined whether you were still eligible, which could require an interview, said Urban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the height of the pandemic, [the department] was so behind the determinations [that] people were waiting 15, 16 or more weeks for these determinations,” and in the meantime, they weren’t receiving any benefits, Urban said. Now, if the agency can’t determine whether you’re eligible within 14 days, it will keep paying benefits while they sort out the issue, Urban said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been other \u003ca href=\"https://edd.ca.gov/siteassets/files/pdf/edd-2021-year-in-review_v06.pdf\">customer service tweaks over the past couple of years (PDF)\u003c/a>, including adding a callback feature on call center phone lines so that people don’t have to wait on hold, improving the mobile phone version of the website, and enabling claimants to upload documents, rather than requiring them to physically mail them in, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department has also begun a multiyear modernization effort, dubbed EDDNext, aimed at improving customer service for unemployment benefits, paid family leave, and disability insurance, for which the department received $136 million this year. So far, the department has begun designing a new online login that will work for unemployment benefits as well as paid family leave and disability insurance, and designing forms that are easier to read and understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s a recession, some workers can’t turn to unemployment benefits. That includes the self-employed, who generally aren’t covered by unemployment benefits, said Jenna Gerry, senior staff attorney at the National Employment Law Project. The federal government created temporary benefits for self-employed workers and contractors during the pandemic, but that ended in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another large group that will find itself without unemployment benefits if a recession hits is undocumented workers — despite a major push from advocates and a bill passed by the Legislature. Under federal law, undocumented workers can’t get traditional unemployment benefits, said Gerry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, worker and immigrant advocates pushed for a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/04/california-undocumented-immigrants/\">new pilot program\u003c/a> that would have provided unemployment-like benefits to noncitizen workers — an \u003ca href=\"https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb22-234\">idea Colorado lawmakers embraced this year\u003c/a>. But California legislators didn’t provide funding for the program in the state budget, said Sasha Feldstein, economic justice policy director for the California Immigrant Policy Center. Curiously, they then passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2847\">a bill\u003c/a> that laid out how the program would work, but which didn’t include funding, and Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AB-2847-VETO.pdf?emrc=87cd0d\">vetoed the bill (PDF)\u003c/a>, citing, in part, the absence of “a dedicated funding source.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An $18 billion-dollar problem\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another consequence of a recession could be the growth of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/03/california-unemployment-debt/\">California’s already massive unemployment debt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s unemployment insurance trust fund ran out of money during the pandemic, after so many laid-off Californians relied on the benefits. The federal government loaned California billions to keep benefits flowing, and the state still is on the hook to pay back about $18 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s debt is uniquely large. While many states had to turn to the feds to pay out benefits during the pandemic, at this point just California, New York, Connecticut, Illinois and the Virgin Islands still have debt. California’s debt is roughly double the size of the other four combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time the system has gone into debt. In the wake of the Great Recession, the \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4442\">debt grew to about $10 billion\u003c/a>. California didn’t finish paying it off until the spring of 2018, according to H.D. Palmer, spokesperson for the Finance Department, and the state spent about $1.4 billion on interest on the Great Recession era unemployment debt, according to Palmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unemployment benefits are funded by employers, and to pay off the current debt, a federal tax on employers will automatically increase by $21 per employee in 2023, and ratchet up by an additional $21 per employee per year until the loan is repaid. This year state lawmakers also decided to kick in $250 million in state funds toward the loan principal and $342.4 million to cover the interest accrued so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the state goes into a recession, that debt could grow even larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is a slowdown in the economy, we are totally and completely unprepared to be able to provide for California workers because of the deficit,” said Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, which represents major employers and has advocated for the state to contribute $10 billion to pay down the loan principal. “There may not be an interest in Congress to bail out California and New York,” Lapsley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it would be unprecedented for the federal government to let a state’s unemployment system run out of money and stop providing benefits, said Gerry, with the National Employment Law Project. “That has never happened in the history of the unemployment insurance program since it was enacted in 1935.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think that there’s a real threat that no benefits will be available,” Gerry said. But having a system that repeatedly goes into debt means that taxpayers get stuck with an avoidable bill. And, Gerry said, “if we had more money in our trust fund, it would be easier to make the case that we could enhance benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11934096/is-californias-beleaguered-jobless-benefits-agency-ready-for-a-recession","authors":["byline_news_11934096"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32094","news_32095","news_28844","news_30130"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11934101","label":"source_news_11934096"},"news_11882372":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11882372","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11882372","score":null,"sort":[1627328417000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-critical-part-of-our-infrastructure-how-california-plans-to-bolster-child-care","title":"'A Critical Part of Our Infrastructure': How California Plans to Bolster Child Care","publishDate":1627328417,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California has almost 3 million children 5 years old and younger. As many parents of young children know, finding affordable, high-quality child care is hard to find — especially in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of families who qualify for child care programs can't access them because there simply aren't enough slots. The pandemic, which led to the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/children-and-youth/2021/03/child-care-centers-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">closure of 8,500 care facilities\u003c/a>, only worsened the bottleneck. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Deborah Stipek, professor, Stanford University Graduate School of Education\"]'Every dollar we invest in those first five years comes back to us multiple times.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lack of child care means that in many households, at least one parent, usually the mother, according to labor statistics, isn't able to work. The pandemic caused a “she-cession” rather than a recession, by disproportionately pulling women out of the workforce for lack of child care, said Democratic state Sen. Nancy Skinner, D-Berkeley, who chairs the California Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 23, California signed a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-business-health-government-and-politics-california-ecf40600c46de16e7fb12c3d70d390bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first-time contract with 40,000 child care providers\u003c/a> under a new collective bargaining agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract with \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-business-health-government-and-politics-california-ecf40600c46de16e7fb12c3d70d390bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Child Care Providers United\u003c/a> increased wage rates and began phasing in 200,000 subsidized child care slots that the governor and advocates said are crucial to reopening a state economy pummeled by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> also includes $40 million to help providers with training and professional development and $579 million to help child care and preschool providers who suffered during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the new law, “women and parents can get back to work in California,” Skinner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bargaining agreement also empowers caregivers who are primarily women, many of them women of color, Gov. Gavin Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about fundamental infrastructure — the human capital — that’s as important as roads and bridges,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 19, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101884471/next-steps-for-a-childcare-system-in-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED Forum host Alexis Madrigal\u003c/a> spoke with the following guests to gain a better understanding of some of the child care issues facing the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Lea Austin\u003c/strong>, executive director, UC Berkeley Center for the Study of Child Care Employment\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Eileen Boris\u003c/strong>, Hull professor and distinguished professor of feminist studies, UC Santa Barbara\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Deborah Stipek\u003c/strong>, professor, Stanford University Graduate School of Education\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Micaela Mota\u003c/strong>, mother, parent leader, Parent Voices California\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>What ugly truth did the pandemic reveal about America's child care system?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lea Austin: \u003c/strong>It really revealed just how fragile and broken our child care system is. We had a system coming into the pandemic where we didn't have enough child care available for families. It's incredibly expensive for families, but that still doesn't actually cover the full cost of what it takes to provide early care and education services. We’re relying on a market and the market doesn't work. So what that means is the system gets subsidized on the backs of the people doing the work — with incredibly low wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The True Cost of Child Care\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Your center has done some research into the true cost of child care for very young children. Could you walk us through what those estimates showed?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lea Austin:\u003c/strong> If we were covering the full cost of early care and education in California on the low end, that's about $30 billion a year for child care and early learning. That's a system that is acceptable for families, that is universal and a system that is paying the people, mostly women, living wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today we have a system where our workforce in child care is 80% of what it was in March of 2020. We didn't have enough before. We don't have enough now. And there's just not enough incentive for people to stay doing this work and to support the robust system that we need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Have we ever done child care well in the United States?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eileen Boris:\u003c/strong> WWII. War has a way of people focusing on what the government can do. It was during WWII, in 1943, that federal money for public facilities was used for child care. After the war, these funds dissipated from the federal government. But California parents and teachers and public organizations running the gamut came together to continue these child care centers in California. In 1957, they actually became part of the Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was a hitch. Once you move from a program, which could benefit us all, to a program that is targeted for those of us with the least resources, then the program becomes stigmatized and it becomes associated not with education, but with uplifting of the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>As a parent, from your perspective, what would you like to see done?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Micaela Mota: \u003c/strong>What I would like to see done is that our country is able to see the importance of what child care means for our nation. I am now a school psychologist and continue to be a mental health provider and child care actually provides the foundation for all of the necessary skills that our children need once they enter school. I want for us to all know the importance of child care. I want us to all to be able to afford child care and see that it's a necessity — it's essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What California Is Currently Doing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Deborah Stipek, a professor at the Stanford University Graduate School of Education, can you to talk briefly about what California is doing at this moment in time?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deborah Stipek:\u003c/strong> This is really a wonderful time in California because we have a Legislature and governor who I think really appreciates the importance of those early years and the value in investing in the high-quality experiences for children in those early years. The current budget has a number of funding that it points to addressing some of the access problems that we've been talking about and also some strategies for increasing quality. These early years in children's development are laying the foundation for their future social and academic emotional development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know now with the research, that an enormous amount of brain development occurs in those first five years. The other thing that points to the importance of quality is that if you look at all of the evidence on the long-term benefits of preschool, it comes from very high-quality preschool programs. We can't assume that just increasing preschool or increasing child care is necessarily going to promote better experiences or long-term benefits for children. We really need to invest also in the quality of that care and those educational programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Important Is Early Childhood Education?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>One thing we haven't touched on is the importance of this kind of early childhood education for educational and life outcomes for kids. How big of a lever is this?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deborah Stipek:\u003c/strong> It can be a pretty big lever. One thing I wanted to mention that I don't think many people know, is that the achievement gap that we worry about for children in K-12 actually exists before they enter kindergarten. California has a larger achievement gap than most other states in K-12. But the reason it is larger than most other states is that it has an unusually large gap between lower-income children and middle- and upper-income children when they enter kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By providing high-quality early childhood educational opportunities, we can actually reduce those costs. Not only is the individual benefiting, but society is benefiting. Every dollar we invest in those first five years comes back to us multiple times. It's just hard to make an argument, I think, for people, for legislators who tend to think short term to get them focused on the long term. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Lea Austin, executive director, UC Berkeley Center for the Study of Child Care Employment\"]'The problem is a commitment and a valuing of early care and education in California and in this country.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>There is going to be a universal transitional program here in California. Can you tell us a little more about it, and whether you think it's really going to to make a big impact?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Deborah Stipek: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>Providing care only to people who are eligible because of their very low income, such as in Head Start or in state pre-K is segregating low-income children — which the research suggests is not a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research has shown that transitional kindergarten actually has many benefits for children. And when the studies have compared children who are in transitional kindergarten to same-age children who are in preschool settings, transitional kindergarten children actually are better prepared academically and they're no different socially and emotionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, I go back to the training and support of the teachers right now. As you all know, 4-year-olds are very different from 11-year-olds. People need to be well prepared to meet their developmental needs and to provide an appropriate and developmentally appropriate program. I would prefer having what most states have, which is an early childhood teacher credential that really prepares people to focus on young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Shifting Value\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What's the way out of this logjam?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lea Austin:\u003c/strong> It’s not that hard. The problem is a commitment and a valuing of early care and education in California and in this country. We know how technically to solve the problem. [aside tag=\"child-care\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a matter of saying this is a critical part of our infrastructure. It's necessary to support families, it's necessary to support our economy, and it's necessary to make sure the people doing this work are not worried about feeding their own families. The problem is getting movement on that, getting the general public, and our legislators to support that in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of my colleagues at the Economic Policy Institute have done some estimates to help us understand what the harm is and what the loss is for not doing that. They've estimated that parents are foregoing $30-$35 billion in income and lost household income because they either have to leave the labor force, or reduce their hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot that we're losing now, there's ways in which people are harmed and there's a lot we can be doing to make change and improve the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101884471/next-steps-for-a-childcare-system-in-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED Forum\u003c/a> to hear the full episode.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting from The Associated Press's Don Thompson used in this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"'This is about fundamental infrastructure — the human capital — that’s as important as roads and bridges,' said Gov. Gavin Newsom.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1627337099,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1793},"headData":{"title":"'A Critical Part of Our Infrastructure': How California Plans to Bolster Child Care | KQED","description":"'This is about fundamental infrastructure — the human capital — that’s as important as roads and bridges,' said Gov. Gavin Newsom.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'A Critical Part of Our Infrastructure': How California Plans to Bolster Child Care","datePublished":"2021-07-26T19:40:17.000Z","dateModified":"2021-07-26T22:04:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11882372 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11882372","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/26/a-critical-part-of-our-infrastructure-how-california-plans-to-bolster-child-care/","disqusTitle":"'A Critical Part of Our Infrastructure': How California Plans to Bolster Child Care","path":"/news/11882372/a-critical-part-of-our-infrastructure-how-california-plans-to-bolster-child-care","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has almost 3 million children 5 years old and younger. As many parents of young children know, finding affordable, high-quality child care is hard to find — especially in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of families who qualify for child care programs can't access them because there simply aren't enough slots. The pandemic, which led to the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/children-and-youth/2021/03/child-care-centers-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">closure of 8,500 care facilities\u003c/a>, only worsened the bottleneck. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Every dollar we invest in those first five years comes back to us multiple times.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Deborah Stipek, professor, Stanford University Graduate School of Education","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lack of child care means that in many households, at least one parent, usually the mother, according to labor statistics, isn't able to work. The pandemic caused a “she-cession” rather than a recession, by disproportionately pulling women out of the workforce for lack of child care, said Democratic state Sen. Nancy Skinner, D-Berkeley, who chairs the California Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 23, California signed a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-business-health-government-and-politics-california-ecf40600c46de16e7fb12c3d70d390bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first-time contract with 40,000 child care providers\u003c/a> under a new collective bargaining agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract with \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-business-health-government-and-politics-california-ecf40600c46de16e7fb12c3d70d390bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Child Care Providers United\u003c/a> increased wage rates and began phasing in 200,000 subsidized child care slots that the governor and advocates said are crucial to reopening a state economy pummeled by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> also includes $40 million to help providers with training and professional development and $579 million to help child care and preschool providers who suffered during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the new law, “women and parents can get back to work in California,” Skinner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bargaining agreement also empowers caregivers who are primarily women, many of them women of color, Gov. Gavin Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about fundamental infrastructure — the human capital — that’s as important as roads and bridges,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 19, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101884471/next-steps-for-a-childcare-system-in-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED Forum host Alexis Madrigal\u003c/a> spoke with the following guests to gain a better understanding of some of the child care issues facing the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Lea Austin\u003c/strong>, executive director, UC Berkeley Center for the Study of Child Care Employment\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Eileen Boris\u003c/strong>, Hull professor and distinguished professor of feminist studies, UC Santa Barbara\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Deborah Stipek\u003c/strong>, professor, Stanford University Graduate School of Education\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Micaela Mota\u003c/strong>, mother, parent leader, Parent Voices California\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>What ugly truth did the pandemic reveal about America's child care system?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lea Austin: \u003c/strong>It really revealed just how fragile and broken our child care system is. We had a system coming into the pandemic where we didn't have enough child care available for families. It's incredibly expensive for families, but that still doesn't actually cover the full cost of what it takes to provide early care and education services. We’re relying on a market and the market doesn't work. So what that means is the system gets subsidized on the backs of the people doing the work — with incredibly low wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The True Cost of Child Care\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Your center has done some research into the true cost of child care for very young children. Could you walk us through what those estimates showed?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lea Austin:\u003c/strong> If we were covering the full cost of early care and education in California on the low end, that's about $30 billion a year for child care and early learning. That's a system that is acceptable for families, that is universal and a system that is paying the people, mostly women, living wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today we have a system where our workforce in child care is 80% of what it was in March of 2020. We didn't have enough before. We don't have enough now. And there's just not enough incentive for people to stay doing this work and to support the robust system that we need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Have we ever done child care well in the United States?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eileen Boris:\u003c/strong> WWII. War has a way of people focusing on what the government can do. It was during WWII, in 1943, that federal money for public facilities was used for child care. After the war, these funds dissipated from the federal government. But California parents and teachers and public organizations running the gamut came together to continue these child care centers in California. In 1957, they actually became part of the Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was a hitch. Once you move from a program, which could benefit us all, to a program that is targeted for those of us with the least resources, then the program becomes stigmatized and it becomes associated not with education, but with uplifting of the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>As a parent, from your perspective, what would you like to see done?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Micaela Mota: \u003c/strong>What I would like to see done is that our country is able to see the importance of what child care means for our nation. I am now a school psychologist and continue to be a mental health provider and child care actually provides the foundation for all of the necessary skills that our children need once they enter school. I want for us to all know the importance of child care. I want us to all to be able to afford child care and see that it's a necessity — it's essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What California Is Currently Doing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Deborah Stipek, a professor at the Stanford University Graduate School of Education, can you to talk briefly about what California is doing at this moment in time?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deborah Stipek:\u003c/strong> This is really a wonderful time in California because we have a Legislature and governor who I think really appreciates the importance of those early years and the value in investing in the high-quality experiences for children in those early years. The current budget has a number of funding that it points to addressing some of the access problems that we've been talking about and also some strategies for increasing quality. These early years in children's development are laying the foundation for their future social and academic emotional development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know now with the research, that an enormous amount of brain development occurs in those first five years. The other thing that points to the importance of quality is that if you look at all of the evidence on the long-term benefits of preschool, it comes from very high-quality preschool programs. We can't assume that just increasing preschool or increasing child care is necessarily going to promote better experiences or long-term benefits for children. We really need to invest also in the quality of that care and those educational programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Important Is Early Childhood Education?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>One thing we haven't touched on is the importance of this kind of early childhood education for educational and life outcomes for kids. How big of a lever is this?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deborah Stipek:\u003c/strong> It can be a pretty big lever. One thing I wanted to mention that I don't think many people know, is that the achievement gap that we worry about for children in K-12 actually exists before they enter kindergarten. California has a larger achievement gap than most other states in K-12. But the reason it is larger than most other states is that it has an unusually large gap between lower-income children and middle- and upper-income children when they enter kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By providing high-quality early childhood educational opportunities, we can actually reduce those costs. Not only is the individual benefiting, but society is benefiting. Every dollar we invest in those first five years comes back to us multiple times. It's just hard to make an argument, I think, for people, for legislators who tend to think short term to get them focused on the long term. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'The problem is a commitment and a valuing of early care and education in California and in this country.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Lea Austin, executive director, UC Berkeley Center for the Study of Child Care Employment","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>There is going to be a universal transitional program here in California. Can you tell us a little more about it, and whether you think it's really going to to make a big impact?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Deborah Stipek: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>Providing care only to people who are eligible because of their very low income, such as in Head Start or in state pre-K is segregating low-income children — which the research suggests is not a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research has shown that transitional kindergarten actually has many benefits for children. And when the studies have compared children who are in transitional kindergarten to same-age children who are in preschool settings, transitional kindergarten children actually are better prepared academically and they're no different socially and emotionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, I go back to the training and support of the teachers right now. As you all know, 4-year-olds are very different from 11-year-olds. People need to be well prepared to meet their developmental needs and to provide an appropriate and developmentally appropriate program. I would prefer having what most states have, which is an early childhood teacher credential that really prepares people to focus on young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Shifting Value\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What's the way out of this logjam?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lea Austin:\u003c/strong> It’s not that hard. The problem is a commitment and a valuing of early care and education in California and in this country. We know how technically to solve the problem. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"child-care","label":"related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a matter of saying this is a critical part of our infrastructure. It's necessary to support families, it's necessary to support our economy, and it's necessary to make sure the people doing this work are not worried about feeding their own families. The problem is getting movement on that, getting the general public, and our legislators to support that in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of my colleagues at the Economic Policy Institute have done some estimates to help us understand what the harm is and what the loss is for not doing that. They've estimated that parents are foregoing $30-$35 billion in income and lost household income because they either have to leave the labor force, or reduce their hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot that we're losing now, there's ways in which people are harmed and there's a lot we can be doing to make change and improve the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101884471/next-steps-for-a-childcare-system-in-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED Forum\u003c/a> to hear the full episode.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting from The Associated Press's Don Thompson used in this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11882372/a-critical-part-of-our-infrastructure-how-california-plans-to-bolster-child-care","authors":["11757","11626"],"categories":["news_1758","news_28250","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_29292","news_20754","news_28914","news_2043","news_29707","news_20013","news_28844","news_29706"],"featImg":"news_11882375","label":"news"},"news_11862460":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11862460","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11862460","score":null,"sort":[1614537017000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-californias-rich-get-richer-state-expects-10-5-billion-surplus-despite-slow-economy","title":"As California's Rich Get Richer, State Expects $10.5 Billion Surplus Despite Slow Economy","publishDate":1614537017,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>At the end of 2020, California had lost a record 1.6 million jobs during the pandemic. Nearly a half-million people stopped even trying to look for work. Business properties saw their value plummet more than 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s bank account is overflowing. As of January, the state’s tax collections were $10.5 billion ahead of projections. By the end of the fiscal year on July 1, Gov. Gavin Newsom and the state Legislature could have a $19 billion surplus to spend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s so much money that, for just the second time ever, the state is projected to trigger a state law requiring the government to send refunds to taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11861698\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42583_003_KQED_SanFrancisco_Businesses_04072020-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]Economic downturns usually put state governments in a bind, forcing them to cut services at a time when people need them most. That’s what happened a decade ago during the Great Recession when the housing market collapsed and the stock market tanked, creating a cascade of losses from the wealthy on down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time, with the pandemic forcing the closure of bars, restaurants, theme parks, sporting events and small businesses, lower-wage workers bore the brunt of the losses while the wealthier worked from home. The economic losses started at the bottom of the income ladder and so far they haven’t made their way up to the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s put states like California, with a tax code that relies heavily on the rich, in a strange place. A year ago, state lawmakers thought this downturn would behave like other downturns. They cut spending, raised taxes on some businesses, borrowed money and pulled from the state’s savings account — all to prepare for having less money.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nBut the state’s revenues went up. And billions of dollars from the federal government, which paid for things like hotel rooms for the homeless and home-delivered meals for seniors, also softened the blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a recession that was driven by economic failures, this is a recession driven by a global pandemic,” said Chris Hoene, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calbudgetcenter.org/\">California Budget and Policy Center\u003c/a>. “It just has different structural elements to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike most states, California taxes capital gains — mostly money made from investments and stocks — the same as money made from wages and salaries. The result is 1% of the population accounts for nearly half of the state’s income tax collections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"David Kline, spokesman for the California Taxpayers Association\"]'It does point to an overreliance of a very small population of taxpayers. ... In general, you want a broad base of taxpayers at the lowest rate possible.'[/pullquote]That 1% had a pretty good year in 2020, financially speaking. The stock market is 16% above its pre-pandemic high in February 2020. A slew of California tech companies, led by Airbnb and DoorDash, debuted on the stock market last year, adding to the state’s population of millionaires and billionaires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration projects Californians will earn $185 billion from capital gains — the most ever — resulting in $18.5 billion in tax revenue for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does point to an overreliance of a very small population of taxpayers,” said David Kline, spokesman for the California Taxpayers Association, which favors limited taxation. “In general, you want a broad base of taxpayers at the lowest rate possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s windfall means it can increase spending at a time when many people can’t. Last week, Newsom signed off on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11861667/gov-newsom-signs-7-6-billion-stimulus-package\">$7.6 billion in new spending\u003c/a>, including more than $2 billion in grants for struggling small businesses and $3.6 billion to send \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/02/23/newsom-signs-coronavirus-relief-package-with-aid-for-small-businesses-low-income-residents/\">$600 one-time payments\u003c/a> to nearly 5.7 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative leaders say they plan to pass another $2.3 billion in tax breaks for businesses in the coming weeks, bringing the state’s aid package to nearly $10 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has more money, the pandemic has brought more expenses. Schools need more money to reopen after months of distance learning, a thorny subject that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11860986/democratic-state-legislators-split-with-newsom-on-school-reopening\">has split Newsom\u003c/a> from the Democrat-controlled Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While employment has increased slightly in California for people who earn $60,000 a year or more, employment has dropped nearly 30% for people earning less than $27,000 per year, according to Opportunity Insights, an economic tracker based at Harvard University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s economy has been buoyed by unemployment benefits, which Congress has expanded and extended multiple times. As of December, nearly 90% of people either unemployed or underemployed were receiving jobless benefits in California, according to new research from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.capolicylab.org/\">California Policy Lab\u003c/a>. That’s an increase from earlier in the pandemic, when only about half such people were getting benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rather recent spurt in revenue growth that we’ve seen should in no way be taken to mean that California’s economy overall has recovered from the COVID-19 recession,” said H.D. Palmer, spokesman for the California Department of Finance. “Unfortunately, we’ve got a long way to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='california']Other states are also seeing revenue increases. Data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis shows state and local government revenue increased slightly in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the same time period in 2019. In addition to California, leaders in Maryland, New Mexico, Pennsylvania and North Carolina have either approved or are considering state-level coronavirus aid packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republicans in Congress have used those numbers to argue against sending more aid to state and local governments. While states are doing better than expected, they still have less money overall than they would have had without the pandemic, according to Brian Sigritz, director of state and fiscal studies at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasbo.org/home\">National Association of State Budget\u003c/a> Officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen states still have negative impacts on their revenues, but not to the extent that was predicted,” he said. “States aren’t out of the woods yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"By the end of the fiscal year on July 1, Gov. Gavin Newsom and the California Legislature could have a $19 billion surplus to spend.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1614623738,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1052},"headData":{"title":"As California's Rich Get Richer, State Expects $10.5 Billion Surplus Despite Slow Economy | KQED","description":"By the end of the fiscal year on July 1, Gov. Gavin Newsom and the California Legislature could have a $19 billion surplus to spend.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"As California's Rich Get Richer, State Expects $10.5 Billion Surplus Despite Slow Economy","datePublished":"2021-02-28T18:30:17.000Z","dateModified":"2021-03-01T18:35:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11862460 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11862460","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/02/28/as-californias-rich-get-richer-state-expects-10-5-billion-surplus-despite-slow-economy/","disqusTitle":"As California's Rich Get Richer, State Expects $10.5 Billion Surplus Despite Slow Economy","nprByline":"Adam Beam \u003cbr> The Associated Press","path":"/news/11862460/as-californias-rich-get-richer-state-expects-10-5-billion-surplus-despite-slow-economy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At the end of 2020, California had lost a record 1.6 million jobs during the pandemic. Nearly a half-million people stopped even trying to look for work. Business properties saw their value plummet more than 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s bank account is overflowing. As of January, the state’s tax collections were $10.5 billion ahead of projections. By the end of the fiscal year on July 1, Gov. Gavin Newsom and the state Legislature could have a $19 billion surplus to spend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s so much money that, for just the second time ever, the state is projected to trigger a state law requiring the government to send refunds to taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11861698","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42583_003_KQED_SanFrancisco_Businesses_04072020-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Economic downturns usually put state governments in a bind, forcing them to cut services at a time when people need them most. That’s what happened a decade ago during the Great Recession when the housing market collapsed and the stock market tanked, creating a cascade of losses from the wealthy on down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time, with the pandemic forcing the closure of bars, restaurants, theme parks, sporting events and small businesses, lower-wage workers bore the brunt of the losses while the wealthier worked from home. The economic losses started at the bottom of the income ladder and so far they haven’t made their way up to the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s put states like California, with a tax code that relies heavily on the rich, in a strange place. A year ago, state lawmakers thought this downturn would behave like other downturns. They cut spending, raised taxes on some businesses, borrowed money and pulled from the state’s savings account — all to prepare for having less money.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nBut the state’s revenues went up. And billions of dollars from the federal government, which paid for things like hotel rooms for the homeless and home-delivered meals for seniors, also softened the blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a recession that was driven by economic failures, this is a recession driven by a global pandemic,” said Chris Hoene, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calbudgetcenter.org/\">California Budget and Policy Center\u003c/a>. “It just has different structural elements to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike most states, California taxes capital gains — mostly money made from investments and stocks — the same as money made from wages and salaries. The result is 1% of the population accounts for nearly half of the state’s income tax collections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It does point to an overreliance of a very small population of taxpayers. ... In general, you want a broad base of taxpayers at the lowest rate possible.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"David Kline, spokesman for the California Taxpayers Association","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That 1% had a pretty good year in 2020, financially speaking. The stock market is 16% above its pre-pandemic high in February 2020. A slew of California tech companies, led by Airbnb and DoorDash, debuted on the stock market last year, adding to the state’s population of millionaires and billionaires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration projects Californians will earn $185 billion from capital gains — the most ever — resulting in $18.5 billion in tax revenue for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does point to an overreliance of a very small population of taxpayers,” said David Kline, spokesman for the California Taxpayers Association, which favors limited taxation. “In general, you want a broad base of taxpayers at the lowest rate possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s windfall means it can increase spending at a time when many people can’t. Last week, Newsom signed off on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11861667/gov-newsom-signs-7-6-billion-stimulus-package\">$7.6 billion in new spending\u003c/a>, including more than $2 billion in grants for struggling small businesses and $3.6 billion to send \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/02/23/newsom-signs-coronavirus-relief-package-with-aid-for-small-businesses-low-income-residents/\">$600 one-time payments\u003c/a> to nearly 5.7 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative leaders say they plan to pass another $2.3 billion in tax breaks for businesses in the coming weeks, bringing the state’s aid package to nearly $10 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has more money, the pandemic has brought more expenses. Schools need more money to reopen after months of distance learning, a thorny subject that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11860986/democratic-state-legislators-split-with-newsom-on-school-reopening\">has split Newsom\u003c/a> from the Democrat-controlled Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While employment has increased slightly in California for people who earn $60,000 a year or more, employment has dropped nearly 30% for people earning less than $27,000 per year, according to Opportunity Insights, an economic tracker based at Harvard University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s economy has been buoyed by unemployment benefits, which Congress has expanded and extended multiple times. As of December, nearly 90% of people either unemployed or underemployed were receiving jobless benefits in California, according to new research from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.capolicylab.org/\">California Policy Lab\u003c/a>. That’s an increase from earlier in the pandemic, when only about half such people were getting benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rather recent spurt in revenue growth that we’ve seen should in no way be taken to mean that California’s economy overall has recovered from the COVID-19 recession,” said H.D. Palmer, spokesman for the California Department of Finance. “Unfortunately, we’ve got a long way to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"california"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Other states are also seeing revenue increases. Data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis shows state and local government revenue increased slightly in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the same time period in 2019. In addition to California, leaders in Maryland, New Mexico, Pennsylvania and North Carolina have either approved or are considering state-level coronavirus aid packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republicans in Congress have used those numbers to argue against sending more aid to state and local governments. While states are doing better than expected, they still have less money overall than they would have had without the pandemic, according to Brian Sigritz, director of state and fiscal studies at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasbo.org/home\">National Association of State Budget\u003c/a> Officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen states still have negative impacts on their revenues, but not to the extent that was predicted,” he said. “States aren’t out of the woods yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11862460/as-californias-rich-get-richer-state-expects-10-5-billion-surplus-despite-slow-economy","authors":["byline_news_11862460"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_18538","news_27350","news_27504","news_29208","news_28039","news_16","news_17968","news_28844","news_28929","news_631"],"featImg":"news_11862462","label":"news"},"news_11852649":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11852649","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11852649","score":null,"sort":[1608770748000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"with-tandas-small-savings-become-an-economic-lifeline-during-the-pandemic","title":"With Tandas, Small Savings Become an Economic Lifeline During the Pandemic","publishDate":1608770748,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11854680/con-la-ayuda-de-las-tandas-los-pequenos-ahorros-se-transforman-en-un-linea-de-ayuda-durante-la-pandemia\">\u003cem>Leer en espa\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ñol\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With great speed, Litnis pulls out several sets of shirts and pants from a box and starts folding them. She moves quickly around her new store located in San Francisco’s Mission District, keeping an eye on every detail. She plans to open up for the first time on Sunday, selling clothing, shoes and other accessories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a blessing. To have the opportunity to open up again despite everything,” Litnis says in Spanish. We’re only using her first name due to her immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2020/07/2-alarm-fire-breaks-out-at-restaurant-on-mission-street/\">a fire broke out in a restaurant\u003c/a> neighboring her original store on Mission Street. While her particular store wasn’t damaged, her landlord asked her to leave, citing damages to the overall property from the fire. But finding a new site proved very difficult during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the restrictions and so many people without a job, we were losing so much already. Losing the store felt like a punch I couldn’t get back up from,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Determined to open up her store again, but with limited cash on hand, she decided the best thing to do was wait. Her turn to collect the tanda was coming up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Litnis']'With the restrictions and so many people without a job, we were losing so much already. Losing the store felt like a punch I couldn’t get back up from.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than five years, Litnis has participated in tandas, first learning about them in her native Honduras. Here in the U.S., her family comes together virtually each month and agrees on an amount each person will contribute to a pot. Each time, a different person in the group gets to keep the money in the pot, and everyone in the circle gets a turn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount each participant receives will be equal to the total of what they’ve given each month. While the net gain is zero, the goal of a tanda is not to make a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get to save money this way by putting away bit by bit an amount I don’t have upfront,” Litnis explains. “After it’s been my turn to receive the tanda, I keep paying my part each month until everyone in the circle has gotten their turn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the tanda finally got to her, she invested the funds into a new locale on Folsom Street, just a few blocks away from her original store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many expenses each month that I can only put away a little. But I wouldn’t have been able to start again during the pandemic without the help of my tanda,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tandas, juntas, colectas and cundinas are only a few names in Spanish to describe people coming together to support each other financially without relying on banks. They’re not just popular within the Latino community, but with diasporas from all over the world as well — specifically with migrants who don’t have access to formal credit markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., they’re also known as lending circles or clubs, and have become essential tools during the COVID-19 pandemic recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen that many clients use lending circles as a way to save during the pandemic,” says \u003ca href=\"https://missionassetfund.org/staff/\">Binh Ngo\u003c/a>, communications and engagement manager at Mission Asset Fund (MAF). Based in the Mission District, MAF \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785789/changing-lives-by-building-credit-history-one-microloan-at-a-time\">organizes its own lending circles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852669\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11852669 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litnis' original store on Mission Street in San Francisco on Dec. 22, 2020. She now has the chance to reopen her business. 'This is a blessing. To have the opportunity to open up again despite everything,' she says. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Some cut back, others just hang on\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus health restrictions and a drop in consumer spending have disproportionately affected small businesses and low-income households, specifically their ability to save. While the national personal savings rate shot up this year — 13.6% \u003ca href=\"https://www.bea.gov/data/income-saving/personal-saving-rate\">in October\u003c/a>, almost double from where it was this time last year — not everyone is saving equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the richest households are cutting down on expenses, those with the least resources are using up more of their savings as the pandemic keeps dragging on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stay-at-home orders restrict the operations of high-risk businesses like restaurants and gyms, but also limit employment options for low-income workers. On the other hand, higher-paying white-collar employees have transitioned to working from home, reducing expenses for leisure and eating out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top quartile of income-earners in the U.S. cut down their spending by 9.2% in October when compared to the same time in 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://tracktherecovery.org/?nosplash=true\">according to data\u003c/a> gathered by Opportunity Insights, a Harvard-based research institute. Households at the bottom 25% of the income distribution have barely had the chance to cut down on spending — saving almost nothing in October 2020 compared to October 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, both geography and income feed into this inequality. The data from Opportunity Insights \u003ca href=\"https://tracktherecovery.org/?nosplash=true\">for December\u003c/a> shows that in San Francisco, a city with a 2018 median income of $112,376, savings rose by 10.4%, but in places with a much lower median income, like Kern County ($51,579), spending went up instead, by 4.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When higher earners spend less, smaller businesses are those that suffer the most, and with them their employees. Opportunity Insights \u003ca href=\"https://opportunityinsights.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/tracker-summary.pdf\">compared the revenue losses\u003c/a> of small businesses with the unemployment rates of low-income workers in New York City from January to April of this year and found a positive correlation between the two factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852672\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852672\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litnis' original store on Mission Street in San Francisco on Dec. 22, 2020. Even before losing her original shop, Litnis saw a drop in business. Like her, many small business owners had to limit their operations because of the state stay-at-home orders. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A drop in consumption at the top and the latest stay-at-home orders have created additional burdens to workers that were already struggling to keep up before COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost all I made before the pandemic went to rent and food before the pandemic. It’s the same case for the other people who are in my tanda,” Litnis says. “The little we can keep now, we have to make sure it counts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These expenses can pile up, especially during the holiday season. With unemployment still high, some people like Litnis are teaming up with family or friends to split up costs of gifts, repairs or just to cover the bills as an option, whether that is through the casual tanda or the more formalized lending circle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never done something like this, we looked for the best ways to start, while keeping in mind risks and accessibility.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Starting a tanda, while controlling the risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Santa Clara County Deputy District Attorney \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/prosecution/DistrictAttorneyDepartments/Pages/Meet-the-%20Community%20Prosecution%20Team-.aspx\">Hugo Meza\u003c/a>, making sure people go about partaking in tandas safely is not just a part of his job, but also something close to his heart. Growing up, his mother participated in tandas with her coworkers at a printing press in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a great way for my mom to save money. To learn how to save money. It was great when she got the pot for her and it was a good way to socialize with other people at work,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some of the cases he investigates are tandas gone wrong: when the person organizing disappears with everyone’s contributions or a participant refuses to pay their part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no section in the penal code here in California that prohibits people from organizing or partaking in a tanda. However, if the tanda doesn’t go according to plan or someone doesn’t keep up their end of the bargain, those acts related to a tanda could become illegal,” Meza explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these kinds of issues with tandas are infrequent, Meza says there’s always a potential risk when exchanging money with a group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big part of having a tanda is understanding that there exists the risks of being defrauded, risks that someone could take advantage of the people participating,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"lending-circles,income-inequality\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are practices people considering a tanda can adopt to make it safer, Meza says, whether they are newbies or experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, make sure you are close with everyone in your tanda. If a friend or relative is organizing the tanda, check who else will participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep that circle very close and tight-knit between people you know,” Meza says. Those close relationships can include coworkers, but Meza says it’s best to avoid people you’ve never met in-person or who work in another part of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You could also ask those joining to share with the group their contact information, including address, email and even an emergency contact. Each participant could also share why they want to be part of the tanda, which can strengthen the relationships within the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you have your list, Meza suggests you keep it small. And you might want to do the same with the amount of money that tanda members will contribute. While a bigger individual contribution means a bigger pot, it also translates into a bigger risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if the amount is smaller, $50 or $100, your risk is a lot lower,” Meza says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the informal nature of tandas may appear attractive, Meza says it could be a good idea to add a bit of formality and draft up a document that clearly states out the participants and their roles — despite the fact that that may discourage some participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be frowned upon to have a document or some kind of contract. Someone might think, ‘Well, if I’m putting my name and signature down, all this information or a copy of my ID, I might as well just go to a bank,’ ” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this document doesn’t have to be overly complex. And since not all tandas are the same — some can pay out each week, others every pay period — putting these distinctions down on paper can avoid possible mix-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the ground rules, Meza says: “How much money is going to be involved in the pot? When and how will the money be collected and distributed? What happens if someone doesn’t pay their amount, or someone doesn’t have the money that month?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone does break the rules and refuses to amend their actions — or has run away with the tanda — the best thing to do at that point is contact the police. And remember: Just because you agreed to be part of a tanda does not mean that you agreed to be a victim of a possible scam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on how the investigation goes, the prosecution might decide to press charges of embezzlement against the suspect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meza adds that anyone can report an incident like this, regardless of their immigration status. The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">California Values Act\u003c/a> prohibits local police departments from sharing information on the immigration status of a victim with federal agencies like U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here in San Jose at least, to us in law enforcement, we don’t care about your immigration status, a victim is a victim no matter where they come from. That information is not relevant at all and we don’t share it with any federal agencies,” Meza says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852673\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852673\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mission Asset Fund (MAF) on Mission Street in San Francisco on Dec. 22, 2020. MAF organizes lending circles, a more formal version of a tanda, that can help participants improve their credit score. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Opting instead for a lending circle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the casual and quick nature of a tanda can be the perfect fit for some, others may be looking for a more structured alternative. That’s exactly the niche that lending circles intend to fill. Around half a dozen of these nonprofit organizations, like Mission Asset Fund, exist in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants of a lending circle may not know one another before coming together, but MAF takes on the responsibility of electronically collecting payments each month, distributing the pot to the designated person and providing an accountability mechanism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We formalize the cultural practice so that every time someone makes a monthly payment, we report that payment activity to the three major U.S. [credit] bureaus. We do this without charging interest. It’s a very simple way for people to establish and improve their credit and save,” Ngo, from MAF, explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Binh Ngo, communications and engagement manager at Mission Asset Fund']'Folks don’t have to have a credit history to join our program. You don’t need a Social Security number to join the program.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To join a MAF lending circle, you’ll first have to fill out an online application, complete a financial education webinar and sign a promissory note. Once you’re matched with a group, you can discuss what the contribution amount will be. But when you join the lending circle, you’re technically borrowing from MAF — not from your group members. That’s what enables the organization to report your payment history to credit bureaus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are a few more requirements to join a lending circle than a tanda, the process is still much simpler than getting a bank loan, especially for those without a bank account or legal immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks don’t have to have a credit history to join our program. You don’t need a Social Security number to join the program,” Ngo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that even if you don’t live in San Francisco, you can still participate in a lending circle. There are dozens of organizations across the country just like MAF that form part of the Lending Circles Network. The \u003ca href=\"https://lendingcircles.secure.force.com/PublicClientApplication\">Network's website\u003c/a> includes a searchable list of organizations sorted by ZIP code. And all Bay Area ZIP codes are eligible to enroll into one of MAF’s lending circles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you join a lending circle now, you probably won’t get your turn in the circle before the year ends. But, as Ngo points out, forming part of a lending circle can boost your long-term objectives, like improving your credit score to qualify for a car loan or mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would recommend that participants think deeply about their financial goals and what they hope to achieve by joining a lending circle,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tandas, informal lending circles, are a helpful way to split up costs of gifts, repairs and bills during this economic downturn. Here's what you need to know to make sure your tanda is safe and accessible.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1610508231,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":58,"wordCount":2521},"headData":{"title":"With Tandas, Small Savings Become an Economic Lifeline During the Pandemic | KQED","description":"Tandas, informal lending circles, are a helpful way to split up costs of gifts, repairs and bills during this economic downturn. Here's what you need to know to make sure your tanda is safe and accessible.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"With Tandas, Small Savings Become an Economic Lifeline During the Pandemic","datePublished":"2020-12-24T00:45:48.000Z","dateModified":"2021-01-13T03:23:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11852649 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11852649","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/12/23/with-tandas-small-savings-become-an-economic-lifeline-during-the-pandemic/","disqusTitle":"With Tandas, Small Savings Become an Economic Lifeline During the Pandemic","path":"/news/11852649/with-tandas-small-savings-become-an-economic-lifeline-during-the-pandemic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11854680/con-la-ayuda-de-las-tandas-los-pequenos-ahorros-se-transforman-en-un-linea-de-ayuda-durante-la-pandemia\">\u003cem>Leer en espa\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ñol\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With great speed, Litnis pulls out several sets of shirts and pants from a box and starts folding them. She moves quickly around her new store located in San Francisco’s Mission District, keeping an eye on every detail. She plans to open up for the first time on Sunday, selling clothing, shoes and other accessories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a blessing. To have the opportunity to open up again despite everything,” Litnis says in Spanish. We’re only using her first name due to her immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2020/07/2-alarm-fire-breaks-out-at-restaurant-on-mission-street/\">a fire broke out in a restaurant\u003c/a> neighboring her original store on Mission Street. While her particular store wasn’t damaged, her landlord asked her to leave, citing damages to the overall property from the fire. But finding a new site proved very difficult during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the restrictions and so many people without a job, we were losing so much already. Losing the store felt like a punch I couldn’t get back up from,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Determined to open up her store again, but with limited cash on hand, she decided the best thing to do was wait. Her turn to collect the tanda was coming up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'With the restrictions and so many people without a job, we were losing so much already. Losing the store felt like a punch I couldn’t get back up from.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Litnis","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than five years, Litnis has participated in tandas, first learning about them in her native Honduras. Here in the U.S., her family comes together virtually each month and agrees on an amount each person will contribute to a pot. Each time, a different person in the group gets to keep the money in the pot, and everyone in the circle gets a turn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount each participant receives will be equal to the total of what they’ve given each month. While the net gain is zero, the goal of a tanda is not to make a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get to save money this way by putting away bit by bit an amount I don’t have upfront,” Litnis explains. “After it’s been my turn to receive the tanda, I keep paying my part each month until everyone in the circle has gotten their turn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the tanda finally got to her, she invested the funds into a new locale on Folsom Street, just a few blocks away from her original store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many expenses each month that I can only put away a little. But I wouldn’t have been able to start again during the pandemic without the help of my tanda,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tandas, juntas, colectas and cundinas are only a few names in Spanish to describe people coming together to support each other financially without relying on banks. They’re not just popular within the Latino community, but with diasporas from all over the world as well — specifically with migrants who don’t have access to formal credit markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., they’re also known as lending circles or clubs, and have become essential tools during the COVID-19 pandemic recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen that many clients use lending circles as a way to save during the pandemic,” says \u003ca href=\"https://missionassetfund.org/staff/\">Binh Ngo\u003c/a>, communications and engagement manager at Mission Asset Fund (MAF). Based in the Mission District, MAF \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785789/changing-lives-by-building-credit-history-one-microloan-at-a-time\">organizes its own lending circles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852669\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11852669 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46461_014_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litnis' original store on Mission Street in San Francisco on Dec. 22, 2020. She now has the chance to reopen her business. 'This is a blessing. To have the opportunity to open up again despite everything,' she says. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Some cut back, others just hang on\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus health restrictions and a drop in consumer spending have disproportionately affected small businesses and low-income households, specifically their ability to save. While the national personal savings rate shot up this year — 13.6% \u003ca href=\"https://www.bea.gov/data/income-saving/personal-saving-rate\">in October\u003c/a>, almost double from where it was this time last year — not everyone is saving equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the richest households are cutting down on expenses, those with the least resources are using up more of their savings as the pandemic keeps dragging on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stay-at-home orders restrict the operations of high-risk businesses like restaurants and gyms, but also limit employment options for low-income workers. On the other hand, higher-paying white-collar employees have transitioned to working from home, reducing expenses for leisure and eating out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top quartile of income-earners in the U.S. cut down their spending by 9.2% in October when compared to the same time in 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://tracktherecovery.org/?nosplash=true\">according to data\u003c/a> gathered by Opportunity Insights, a Harvard-based research institute. Households at the bottom 25% of the income distribution have barely had the chance to cut down on spending — saving almost nothing in October 2020 compared to October 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, both geography and income feed into this inequality. The data from Opportunity Insights \u003ca href=\"https://tracktherecovery.org/?nosplash=true\">for December\u003c/a> shows that in San Francisco, a city with a 2018 median income of $112,376, savings rose by 10.4%, but in places with a much lower median income, like Kern County ($51,579), spending went up instead, by 4.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When higher earners spend less, smaller businesses are those that suffer the most, and with them their employees. Opportunity Insights \u003ca href=\"https://opportunityinsights.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/tracker-summary.pdf\">compared the revenue losses\u003c/a> of small businesses with the unemployment rates of low-income workers in New York City from January to April of this year and found a positive correlation between the two factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852672\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852672\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46451_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litnis' original store on Mission Street in San Francisco on Dec. 22, 2020. Even before losing her original shop, Litnis saw a drop in business. Like her, many small business owners had to limit their operations because of the state stay-at-home orders. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A drop in consumption at the top and the latest stay-at-home orders have created additional burdens to workers that were already struggling to keep up before COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost all I made before the pandemic went to rent and food before the pandemic. It’s the same case for the other people who are in my tanda,” Litnis says. “The little we can keep now, we have to make sure it counts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These expenses can pile up, especially during the holiday season. With unemployment still high, some people like Litnis are teaming up with family or friends to split up costs of gifts, repairs or just to cover the bills as an option, whether that is through the casual tanda or the more formalized lending circle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never done something like this, we looked for the best ways to start, while keeping in mind risks and accessibility.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Starting a tanda, while controlling the risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Santa Clara County Deputy District Attorney \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/prosecution/DistrictAttorneyDepartments/Pages/Meet-the-%20Community%20Prosecution%20Team-.aspx\">Hugo Meza\u003c/a>, making sure people go about partaking in tandas safely is not just a part of his job, but also something close to his heart. Growing up, his mother participated in tandas with her coworkers at a printing press in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a great way for my mom to save money. To learn how to save money. It was great when she got the pot for her and it was a good way to socialize with other people at work,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some of the cases he investigates are tandas gone wrong: when the person organizing disappears with everyone’s contributions or a participant refuses to pay their part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no section in the penal code here in California that prohibits people from organizing or partaking in a tanda. However, if the tanda doesn’t go according to plan or someone doesn’t keep up their end of the bargain, those acts related to a tanda could become illegal,” Meza explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these kinds of issues with tandas are infrequent, Meza says there’s always a potential risk when exchanging money with a group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big part of having a tanda is understanding that there exists the risks of being defrauded, risks that someone could take advantage of the people participating,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"lending-circles,income-inequality","label":"more coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are practices people considering a tanda can adopt to make it safer, Meza says, whether they are newbies or experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, make sure you are close with everyone in your tanda. If a friend or relative is organizing the tanda, check who else will participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep that circle very close and tight-knit between people you know,” Meza says. Those close relationships can include coworkers, but Meza says it’s best to avoid people you’ve never met in-person or who work in another part of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You could also ask those joining to share with the group their contact information, including address, email and even an emergency contact. Each participant could also share why they want to be part of the tanda, which can strengthen the relationships within the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you have your list, Meza suggests you keep it small. And you might want to do the same with the amount of money that tanda members will contribute. While a bigger individual contribution means a bigger pot, it also translates into a bigger risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if the amount is smaller, $50 or $100, your risk is a lot lower,” Meza says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the informal nature of tandas may appear attractive, Meza says it could be a good idea to add a bit of formality and draft up a document that clearly states out the participants and their roles — despite the fact that that may discourage some participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be frowned upon to have a document or some kind of contract. Someone might think, ‘Well, if I’m putting my name and signature down, all this information or a copy of my ID, I might as well just go to a bank,’ ” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this document doesn’t have to be overly complex. And since not all tandas are the same — some can pay out each week, others every pay period — putting these distinctions down on paper can avoid possible mix-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the ground rules, Meza says: “How much money is going to be involved in the pot? When and how will the money be collected and distributed? What happens if someone doesn’t pay their amount, or someone doesn’t have the money that month?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone does break the rules and refuses to amend their actions — or has run away with the tanda — the best thing to do at that point is contact the police. And remember: Just because you agreed to be part of a tanda does not mean that you agreed to be a victim of a possible scam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on how the investigation goes, the prosecution might decide to press charges of embezzlement against the suspect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meza adds that anyone can report an incident like this, regardless of their immigration status. The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">California Values Act\u003c/a> prohibits local police departments from sharing information on the immigration status of a victim with federal agencies like U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here in San Jose at least, to us in law enforcement, we don’t care about your immigration status, a victim is a victim no matter where they come from. That information is not relevant at all and we don’t share it with any federal agencies,” Meza says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852673\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852673\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46460_013_KQED_SanFrancisco_Tandas_12222020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mission Asset Fund (MAF) on Mission Street in San Francisco on Dec. 22, 2020. MAF organizes lending circles, a more formal version of a tanda, that can help participants improve their credit score. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Opting instead for a lending circle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the casual and quick nature of a tanda can be the perfect fit for some, others may be looking for a more structured alternative. That’s exactly the niche that lending circles intend to fill. Around half a dozen of these nonprofit organizations, like Mission Asset Fund, exist in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants of a lending circle may not know one another before coming together, but MAF takes on the responsibility of electronically collecting payments each month, distributing the pot to the designated person and providing an accountability mechanism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We formalize the cultural practice so that every time someone makes a monthly payment, we report that payment activity to the three major U.S. [credit] bureaus. We do this without charging interest. It’s a very simple way for people to establish and improve their credit and save,” Ngo, from MAF, explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Folks don’t have to have a credit history to join our program. You don’t need a Social Security number to join the program.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Binh Ngo, communications and engagement manager at Mission Asset Fund","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To join a MAF lending circle, you’ll first have to fill out an online application, complete a financial education webinar and sign a promissory note. Once you’re matched with a group, you can discuss what the contribution amount will be. But when you join the lending circle, you’re technically borrowing from MAF — not from your group members. That’s what enables the organization to report your payment history to credit bureaus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are a few more requirements to join a lending circle than a tanda, the process is still much simpler than getting a bank loan, especially for those without a bank account or legal immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks don’t have to have a credit history to join our program. You don’t need a Social Security number to join the program,” Ngo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that even if you don’t live in San Francisco, you can still participate in a lending circle. There are dozens of organizations across the country just like MAF that form part of the Lending Circles Network. The \u003ca href=\"https://lendingcircles.secure.force.com/PublicClientApplication\">Network's website\u003c/a> includes a searchable list of organizations sorted by ZIP code. And all Bay Area ZIP codes are eligible to enroll into one of MAF’s lending circles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you join a lending circle now, you probably won’t get your turn in the circle before the year ends. But, as Ngo points out, forming part of a lending circle can boost your long-term objectives, like improving your credit score to qualify for a car loan or mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would recommend that participants think deeply about their financial goals and what they hope to achieve by joining a lending circle,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11852649/with-tandas-small-savings-become-an-economic-lifeline-during-the-pandemic","authors":["11708"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_5096","news_5605","news_28961","news_28962","news_28844","news_20920","news_28959","news_28960"],"featImg":"news_11852652","label":"news"},"news_11848447":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11848447","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11848447","score":null,"sort":[1606070644000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-bank-of-america-helped-fuel-californias-unemployment-meltdown","title":"How Bank of America Helped Fuel California’s Unemployment Meltdown","publishDate":1606070644,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>For a brief moment this summer, Stephanie Moore thought she might finally see a glimmer of hope at the end of the coronavirus recession. Unemployment benefits provided a lifeline for the 38-year-old Los Angeles housekeeper to leave a bad relationship and rent an Airbnb while she looked for a job. But in early October, her state-issued Bank of America debit card balance plummeted from around $400 to negative $1,100 after a credit for fraudulent charges from months earlier was reversed without warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So began her unofficial full-time job trying to get the money back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like a nightmare,” Moore said. “Every day I’m wondering what’s more important. Do I get on the phone with the bank and try again so I have a place to sleep tomorrow, or do I just accept that I’m going to be on the street and focus on my job search? Because you can’t do both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11848449\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephanie Moore , sits with her eight-month-old dog spooky at a local park in Lawndale, CA, on Nov. 17, 2020. Photo by Tash Kimmell for CalMatters. \u003ccite>(Tash Kimmell/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For months, California’s Employment Development Department has attracted the ire of jobless workers and state lawmakers for a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2020/11/low-on-help-expired-unemployment-boost-edd-debacles-sink-jobless-californians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">backlog\u003c/a> of unpaid unemployment claims that peaked at 1.6 million. Now, Moore is among those \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2020/10/unemployment-benefits-frozen-accounts-edd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">entangled by potential security lapses and payment errors\u003c/a> involving Bank of America, which since 2010 has had an exclusive contract to deliver state unemployment benefits through prepaid debit cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a breakdown of the state’s job safety net that raises questions about the best way to get money into the hands of workers who desperately need it, since California is one of only three U.S. states that does not offer a direct deposit option, according to a CalMatters review of public documents. To this day, it’s not clear how much Bank of America has made from handling the bulk of the unprecedented $109 billion California has paid out in benefits since March. Lawmakers are examining the bank’s role in payment issues that began during a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2020/09/california-unemployment-benefits-edd-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two-week identity-verification update\u003c/a>, and whether the bank has provided adequate security for unemployment insurance money in the face of rampant fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/4335937/embed?auto=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America, whose contract is up next July, declined to answer detailed questions about how many unemployed Californians are still unable to use their debit cards, how much money has been withdrawn from accounts flagged for potential fraud, when and how claimants may be paid back or how much the bank has made in fees on the cards. The state told CalMatters that some 377,500 debit cards were frozen this fall and as of Thursday, around 350,000 accounts remain impacted, meaning progress has been slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, there has been billions of dollars of fraud during this pandemic in state unemployment programs, including California,” Bank of America said in a statement to CalMatters, urging those impacted to \u003ca href=\"https://prepaid.bankofamerica.com/EddCard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contact the bank\u003c/a>. “We are working with the state and law enforcement to identify and take action against fraudulent applicants, protect taxpayer money and ensure that legitimate applicants can access their benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For San Francisco Assemblymember David Chiu, a progressive Democrat who authored a 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB857\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public banking bill\u003c/a> and has pushed to reduce state reliance on Wall Street, the confusion marks “another failure” by the state and its corporate vendors. The employment agency hinted it was the bank’s fault, insisting in an Oct. 29 \u003ca href=\"https://edd.ca.gov/About_EDD/pdf/news-20-58.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a> that it “has no direct access to debit funds on any accounts” and that those impacted by card issues should contact Bank of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re playing the blame game. Someone needs to take responsibility for this,” Chiu said. “I think we’re going to have to revisit that contract if BofA can’t provide the services it promised.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency said it will review all options this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Banking on debit cards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August 2011, California was still in the depths of the Great Recession. Unemployment was 12.1%, and the state was paying out $66 million a day in jobless benefits. But at the state agency, a major tech overhaul was underway after a new debit card contract with Bank of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At no cost to the state, the bank had begun rolling out prepaid cards to replace paper unemployment checks. It would be faster and more efficient, the EDD argued in \u003ca href=\"https://www.edd.ca.gov/About_edd/pdf/uimonthlyupdate0811.pdf\">a public report\u003c/a> at the time, and much more accessible to Californians without bank accounts. The bank promised to share some revenue from merchant transaction fees with the state and guaranteed low fees for the unemployed: a few dollars for multiple ATM withdrawals, $10 for expedited or lost cards, and normal merchant fees whenever the card is swiped. “Terms are more favorable than most people have for their own personal bank accounts,” the 2011 report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result was what United Way of California Communications Director Unai Montes-Irueste calls a “NASCAR card,” thanks to its flashy corporate logos for Visa and Interlink. Most other states have moved from paper checks to direct deposit or hybrid debit card and direct deposit systems. This past spring, millions of Californians received their federal coronavirus stimulus payments via direct deposit to personal bank accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California was far from alone in betting that debit cards would be a big part of the future of government benefits. Use of the cards exploded in the last decade at state, local and federal agencies as Bank of America, U.S. Bank, KeyBank, Comerica and others pursued more government contracts. By 2016, government agencies had paid out $146 billion in benefits through prepaid debit cards, generating $518 million in revenue for banks, the Federal Reserve reported. Today, 43 states use a combination of direct deposit and debit card systems, which consumer groups favor to reach unemployment claimants with the widest variety of financial situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michele Evermore, a senior policy analyst at worker advocacy group the National Employment Law Project cautioned that banks acting as middlemen in debit card contracts can sometimes divert funds from workers — a missed opportunity for economic stimulus. “It may seem like a 2% fee here and a 2% fee there doesn’t amount to much, but in the aggregate, it really does,” Evermore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/4336082/embed?auto=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, paper checks are still available by request, and Bank of America notes that debit card customers can transfer the money from the card to their own bank accounts — both time-consuming alternatives, said Lauren Saunders, associate director of the National Consumer Law Center. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/pr-reports/report-prepaid-card-2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2013 report\u003c/a>, the organization found that despite the relatively consumer-friendly terms in the state’s Bank of America unemployment contract, Californians paid almost $1.8 million in fees in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America referred questions about fees generated by its California unemployment contract to EDD. The employment agency has not yet responded to a CalMatters request for records of revenue and fees related to the debit card contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Debit card problems pile up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the stories of Californians dealing with debit card problems continue to pile up. For Santa Maria single mother Aimy Onan, a drained account meant falling behind on rent and moving into a shared bedroom with her daughter in her ex’s home with a new girlfriend. For furloughed Disney candy maker Julie Hansen, a negative $12,000 balance threatened her ability to care for her autistic son. For Demarcus Sparks, who was self-employed before the pandemic, a frozen debit card led to a Greyhound trip from L.A. to stay with his mom in Georgia for fear of ending up in a shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They treat you like trash,” said Paul Dease, a 52-year-old antiques dealer in San Diego County, who has been locked in a dispute with Bank of America over $1,000 withdrawn from his account without notice. “How many people have the same story I have, that have lost $1,000 or $800 and haven’t gotten it back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That much remains unclear. Chiu said lawmakers also have yet to receive updated account information, or answers about the “mind boggling” omission of \u003ca href=\"https://squareup.com/us/en/townsquare/why-are-chip-cards-more-secure-than-magnetic-stripe-cards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">microchips in the cards to root out fraud\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America declined to comment on the security of California’s unemployment debit cards. But bank personnel also say their own outdated customer service systems have contributed to claimants’ financial purgatory. The bank’s internal processes for reporting and investigating unemployment debit card complaints have led to long delays and shifting timelines, two workers told CalMatters, as they juggle antiquated technology and shifting corporate scripts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re actually no longer allowed to tell them a timeframe, because we have no clue,” said one Bank of America customer service worker, who asked to remain anonymous since they were not authorized to discuss the matter. “Every day, I talk to 30 people with the same story. I just pray for them after my shift, honestly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848450\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11848450\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Hoffman, seen at his girlfriend’s house in Escalon on Nov. 13, 2020, spends his days sitting on the porch while on hold with EDD, Bank of America and FEMA. According to Hoffman, he spends an average of 4 hours on hold per call. Photo by Anne Wernikoff for CalMatters \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A field day for fraud\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If the world wasn’t paralyzed by a deadly pandemic, it might look like Matthew Hoffman has been traveling quite a bit. His Bank of America unemployment card ledger shows transactions and ATM withdrawals in Alabama, Modesto, Sacramento, Tennessee, Connecticut and even a series of overseas charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hoffman, a former Comcast employee who has been out of work since a stroke last year, said he’s never used the card in any of those places. In total, he saw almost $7,000 disappear. He said one bank representative told him the fraud dispute he filed had been closed without investigation. Another said it was reopened. Finally, he was told that a credit would arrive on Nov. 10. It didn’t. [aside tag=\"unemployment\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003cbr>\n“What’s the point of having and paying into unemployment insurance if it’s not actually made available to me when I need it?” said Hoffman, who is alternating staying with his girlfriend and in his car after the loss of his Livermore rental home in a recent wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories like Hoffman’s aren’t hard to find after a governor-appointed Strike Team in September \u003ca href=\"https://www.govops.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/09/Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">advised EDD\u003c/a> that organized fraud “represents a serious risk to the state, and EDD must develop capabilities to understand and combat it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, 693,000 paid and unpaid unemployment claims out of the more than 14 million filed from March to early October were temporarily suspended for potential fraud during the agency’s late September reset, according to an EDD statement to CalMatters. From \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/edd-fraud-involves-stolen-identities-dark-web-international-crime/34289860#:~:text=Thousands%20of%20envelopes%20containing%20fraudulent,possibly%20an%20international%20crime%20ring.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dark web conspiracies\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/18/us/nuke-bizzle-fraud-youtube.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">YouTube rap videos\u003c/a>, the range of apparent fraud could cost the state “hundreds of millions,” Sacramento Assemblymember Jim Cooper predicted at a recent EDD hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, Beverly Hills police arrested 100 people and seized 200 fraudulent unemployment debit cards worth more than $4 million after a series of shopping sprees on Rodeo Drive. Until fraud is detected, Bank of America reaps normal transaction fees every time the cards are swiped under the terms of its state contract. The bank promised California “best-in-class” fraud monitoring in its original unemployment debit card pitch, and assured the state that “EDD has no liability for issues related to fraud.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But amid the unemployment surge during the pandemic, Beverly Hills Assistant Police Chief Marc Coopwood said much of the burden has fallen on local law enforcement, rather than EDD or the bank, to uncover such schemes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The real victim in this, the people whose identities were stolen, they’re going to get a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-sees-spike-in-fraudulent-unemployment-insurance-claims-filed-using-stolen-identities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1099 next year\u003c/a>,” Coopwood said. “They’re going to spend years fighting this with the IRS.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lawsuits ahead?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Where California goes from here to remedy its unemployment woes isn’t clear. The EDD has vowed to work through its remaining backlog of 542,000 unpaid unemployment claims by January. Bank of America said it has increased staffing at prepaid customer service centers “nearly 20-fold” to deal with unprecedented demand, and that it continues “to review and decision claims in a timely fashion and within the regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu said he is one of multiple state lawmakers considering new EDD reform bills in the coming year. Several unemployment claimants interviewed by CalMatters said they have contacted lawyers about bringing potential claims against Bank of America. Labor lawyers also see courtrooms in EDD’s future if problems persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m skeptical this will be resolved without litigation,” said Daniela Urban, director of Sacramento’s Center for Workers’ Rights. “I think that it’s warranted. The question is whether EDD fixes it first, or what the response is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KQED's guide to applying for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806938/how-to-file-for-unemployment-in-california-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unemployment insurance can be found here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For additional support, please refer to the official \u003ca href=\"http://edd.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Employment Development Department website\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/3296311573733137\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Unofficial California Unemployment Help public group on Facebook\u003c/a> or refer to this resource \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11820299/applying-for-unemployment-in-california-unofficial-facebook-group-creates-help-website\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created by volunteers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://prepaid.bankofamerica.com/EddCard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contact Bank of America\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Share Your Story:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>How are you getting by on unemployment benefits? CalMatters invites you to \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf9RSBU4G4ypdOXcL5Y1D_yPz4qD3VBhdm_qgsiV57yGvjogA/viewform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">share your story here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>¿Cómo te las estás arreglando sin los beneficios del Seguro de Desempleo? Te invitamos a compartir tu historia \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSedk6BtaXUCoVIQ4mkl2RtLxuAT-ct1nr9QSjEdCMjHQ29suw/viewform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">aquí\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After the Great Recession, California signed an exclusive contract with Bank of America to distribute unemployment benefits through prepaid debit cards. A CalMatters investigation reveals that to this day, no one knows how much the bank has made off the deal. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1606249907,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/4335937/embed","https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/4336082/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":2348},"headData":{"title":"How Bank of America Helped Fuel California’s Unemployment Meltdown | KQED","description":"After the Great Recession, California signed an exclusive contract with Bank of America to distribute unemployment benefits through prepaid debit cards. A CalMatters investigation reveals that to this day, no one knows how much the bank has made off the deal. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How Bank of America Helped Fuel California’s Unemployment Meltdown","datePublished":"2020-11-22T18:44:04.000Z","dateModified":"2020-11-24T20:31:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11848447 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11848447","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/11/22/how-bank-of-america-helped-fuel-californias-unemployment-meltdown/","disqusTitle":"How Bank of America Helped Fuel California’s Unemployment Meltdown","source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"Lauren Hepler and Stephen Council","path":"/news/11848447/how-bank-of-america-helped-fuel-californias-unemployment-meltdown","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For a brief moment this summer, Stephanie Moore thought she might finally see a glimmer of hope at the end of the coronavirus recession. Unemployment benefits provided a lifeline for the 38-year-old Los Angeles housekeeper to leave a bad relationship and rent an Airbnb while she looked for a job. But in early October, her state-issued Bank of America debit card balance plummeted from around $400 to negative $1,100 after a credit for fraudulent charges from months earlier was reversed without warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So began her unofficial full-time job trying to get the money back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like a nightmare,” Moore said. “Every day I’m wondering what’s more important. Do I get on the phone with the bank and try again so I have a place to sleep tomorrow, or do I just accept that I’m going to be on the street and focus on my job search? Because you can’t do both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11848449\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111720_Stephanie_TK_04.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephanie Moore , sits with her eight-month-old dog spooky at a local park in Lawndale, CA, on Nov. 17, 2020. Photo by Tash Kimmell for CalMatters. \u003ccite>(Tash Kimmell/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For months, California’s Employment Development Department has attracted the ire of jobless workers and state lawmakers for a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2020/11/low-on-help-expired-unemployment-boost-edd-debacles-sink-jobless-californians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">backlog\u003c/a> of unpaid unemployment claims that peaked at 1.6 million. Now, Moore is among those \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2020/10/unemployment-benefits-frozen-accounts-edd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">entangled by potential security lapses and payment errors\u003c/a> involving Bank of America, which since 2010 has had an exclusive contract to deliver state unemployment benefits through prepaid debit cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a breakdown of the state’s job safety net that raises questions about the best way to get money into the hands of workers who desperately need it, since California is one of only three U.S. states that does not offer a direct deposit option, according to a CalMatters review of public documents. To this day, it’s not clear how much Bank of America has made from handling the bulk of the unprecedented $109 billion California has paid out in benefits since March. Lawmakers are examining the bank’s role in payment issues that began during a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2020/09/california-unemployment-benefits-edd-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two-week identity-verification update\u003c/a>, and whether the bank has provided adequate security for unemployment insurance money in the face of rampant fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/4335937/embed?auto=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America, whose contract is up next July, declined to answer detailed questions about how many unemployed Californians are still unable to use their debit cards, how much money has been withdrawn from accounts flagged for potential fraud, when and how claimants may be paid back or how much the bank has made in fees on the cards. The state told CalMatters that some 377,500 debit cards were frozen this fall and as of Thursday, around 350,000 accounts remain impacted, meaning progress has been slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, there has been billions of dollars of fraud during this pandemic in state unemployment programs, including California,” Bank of America said in a statement to CalMatters, urging those impacted to \u003ca href=\"https://prepaid.bankofamerica.com/EddCard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contact the bank\u003c/a>. “We are working with the state and law enforcement to identify and take action against fraudulent applicants, protect taxpayer money and ensure that legitimate applicants can access their benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For San Francisco Assemblymember David Chiu, a progressive Democrat who authored a 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB857\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public banking bill\u003c/a> and has pushed to reduce state reliance on Wall Street, the confusion marks “another failure” by the state and its corporate vendors. The employment agency hinted it was the bank’s fault, insisting in an Oct. 29 \u003ca href=\"https://edd.ca.gov/About_EDD/pdf/news-20-58.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a> that it “has no direct access to debit funds on any accounts” and that those impacted by card issues should contact Bank of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re playing the blame game. Someone needs to take responsibility for this,” Chiu said. “I think we’re going to have to revisit that contract if BofA can’t provide the services it promised.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency said it will review all options this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Banking on debit cards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August 2011, California was still in the depths of the Great Recession. Unemployment was 12.1%, and the state was paying out $66 million a day in jobless benefits. But at the state agency, a major tech overhaul was underway after a new debit card contract with Bank of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At no cost to the state, the bank had begun rolling out prepaid cards to replace paper unemployment checks. It would be faster and more efficient, the EDD argued in \u003ca href=\"https://www.edd.ca.gov/About_edd/pdf/uimonthlyupdate0811.pdf\">a public report\u003c/a> at the time, and much more accessible to Californians without bank accounts. The bank promised to share some revenue from merchant transaction fees with the state and guaranteed low fees for the unemployed: a few dollars for multiple ATM withdrawals, $10 for expedited or lost cards, and normal merchant fees whenever the card is swiped. “Terms are more favorable than most people have for their own personal bank accounts,” the 2011 report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result was what United Way of California Communications Director Unai Montes-Irueste calls a “NASCAR card,” thanks to its flashy corporate logos for Visa and Interlink. Most other states have moved from paper checks to direct deposit or hybrid debit card and direct deposit systems. This past spring, millions of Californians received their federal coronavirus stimulus payments via direct deposit to personal bank accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California was far from alone in betting that debit cards would be a big part of the future of government benefits. Use of the cards exploded in the last decade at state, local and federal agencies as Bank of America, U.S. Bank, KeyBank, Comerica and others pursued more government contracts. By 2016, government agencies had paid out $146 billion in benefits through prepaid debit cards, generating $518 million in revenue for banks, the Federal Reserve reported. Today, 43 states use a combination of direct deposit and debit card systems, which consumer groups favor to reach unemployment claimants with the widest variety of financial situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michele Evermore, a senior policy analyst at worker advocacy group the National Employment Law Project cautioned that banks acting as middlemen in debit card contracts can sometimes divert funds from workers — a missed opportunity for economic stimulus. “It may seem like a 2% fee here and a 2% fee there doesn’t amount to much, but in the aggregate, it really does,” Evermore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/4336082/embed?auto=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, paper checks are still available by request, and Bank of America notes that debit card customers can transfer the money from the card to their own bank accounts — both time-consuming alternatives, said Lauren Saunders, associate director of the National Consumer Law Center. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/pr-reports/report-prepaid-card-2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2013 report\u003c/a>, the organization found that despite the relatively consumer-friendly terms in the state’s Bank of America unemployment contract, Californians paid almost $1.8 million in fees in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America referred questions about fees generated by its California unemployment contract to EDD. The employment agency has not yet responded to a CalMatters request for records of revenue and fees related to the debit card contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Debit card problems pile up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the stories of Californians dealing with debit card problems continue to pile up. For Santa Maria single mother Aimy Onan, a drained account meant falling behind on rent and moving into a shared bedroom with her daughter in her ex’s home with a new girlfriend. For furloughed Disney candy maker Julie Hansen, a negative $12,000 balance threatened her ability to care for her autistic son. For Demarcus Sparks, who was self-employed before the pandemic, a frozen debit card led to a Greyhound trip from L.A. to stay with his mom in Georgia for fear of ending up in a shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They treat you like trash,” said Paul Dease, a 52-year-old antiques dealer in San Diego County, who has been locked in a dispute with Bank of America over $1,000 withdrawn from his account without notice. “How many people have the same story I have, that have lost $1,000 or $800 and haven’t gotten it back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That much remains unclear. Chiu said lawmakers also have yet to receive updated account information, or answers about the “mind boggling” omission of \u003ca href=\"https://squareup.com/us/en/townsquare/why-are-chip-cards-more-secure-than-magnetic-stripe-cards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">microchips in the cards to root out fraud\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America declined to comment on the security of California’s unemployment debit cards. But bank personnel also say their own outdated customer service systems have contributed to claimants’ financial purgatory. The bank’s internal processes for reporting and investigating unemployment debit card complaints have led to long delays and shifting timelines, two workers told CalMatters, as they juggle antiquated technology and shifting corporate scripts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re actually no longer allowed to tell them a timeframe, because we have no clue,” said one Bank of America customer service worker, who asked to remain anonymous since they were not authorized to discuss the matter. “Every day, I talk to 30 people with the same story. I just pray for them after my shift, honestly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848450\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11848450\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/111320_BankofAmerica_AW_sized_03.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Hoffman, seen at his girlfriend’s house in Escalon on Nov. 13, 2020, spends his days sitting on the porch while on hold with EDD, Bank of America and FEMA. According to Hoffman, he spends an average of 4 hours on hold per call. Photo by Anne Wernikoff for CalMatters \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A field day for fraud\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If the world wasn’t paralyzed by a deadly pandemic, it might look like Matthew Hoffman has been traveling quite a bit. His Bank of America unemployment card ledger shows transactions and ATM withdrawals in Alabama, Modesto, Sacramento, Tennessee, Connecticut and even a series of overseas charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hoffman, a former Comcast employee who has been out of work since a stroke last year, said he’s never used the card in any of those places. In total, he saw almost $7,000 disappear. He said one bank representative told him the fraud dispute he filed had been closed without investigation. Another said it was reopened. Finally, he was told that a credit would arrive on Nov. 10. It didn’t. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"unemployment","label":"More Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“What’s the point of having and paying into unemployment insurance if it’s not actually made available to me when I need it?” said Hoffman, who is alternating staying with his girlfriend and in his car after the loss of his Livermore rental home in a recent wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories like Hoffman’s aren’t hard to find after a governor-appointed Strike Team in September \u003ca href=\"https://www.govops.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/09/Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">advised EDD\u003c/a> that organized fraud “represents a serious risk to the state, and EDD must develop capabilities to understand and combat it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, 693,000 paid and unpaid unemployment claims out of the more than 14 million filed from March to early October were temporarily suspended for potential fraud during the agency’s late September reset, according to an EDD statement to CalMatters. From \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/edd-fraud-involves-stolen-identities-dark-web-international-crime/34289860#:~:text=Thousands%20of%20envelopes%20containing%20fraudulent,possibly%20an%20international%20crime%20ring.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dark web conspiracies\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/18/us/nuke-bizzle-fraud-youtube.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">YouTube rap videos\u003c/a>, the range of apparent fraud could cost the state “hundreds of millions,” Sacramento Assemblymember Jim Cooper predicted at a recent EDD hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, Beverly Hills police arrested 100 people and seized 200 fraudulent unemployment debit cards worth more than $4 million after a series of shopping sprees on Rodeo Drive. Until fraud is detected, Bank of America reaps normal transaction fees every time the cards are swiped under the terms of its state contract. The bank promised California “best-in-class” fraud monitoring in its original unemployment debit card pitch, and assured the state that “EDD has no liability for issues related to fraud.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But amid the unemployment surge during the pandemic, Beverly Hills Assistant Police Chief Marc Coopwood said much of the burden has fallen on local law enforcement, rather than EDD or the bank, to uncover such schemes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The real victim in this, the people whose identities were stolen, they’re going to get a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-sees-spike-in-fraudulent-unemployment-insurance-claims-filed-using-stolen-identities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1099 next year\u003c/a>,” Coopwood said. “They’re going to spend years fighting this with the IRS.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lawsuits ahead?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Where California goes from here to remedy its unemployment woes isn’t clear. The EDD has vowed to work through its remaining backlog of 542,000 unpaid unemployment claims by January. Bank of America said it has increased staffing at prepaid customer service centers “nearly 20-fold” to deal with unprecedented demand, and that it continues “to review and decision claims in a timely fashion and within the regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu said he is one of multiple state lawmakers considering new EDD reform bills in the coming year. Several unemployment claimants interviewed by CalMatters said they have contacted lawyers about bringing potential claims against Bank of America. Labor lawyers also see courtrooms in EDD’s future if problems persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m skeptical this will be resolved without litigation,” said Daniela Urban, director of Sacramento’s Center for Workers’ Rights. “I think that it’s warranted. The question is whether EDD fixes it first, or what the response is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KQED's guide to applying for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806938/how-to-file-for-unemployment-in-california-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unemployment insurance can be found here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For additional support, please refer to the official \u003ca href=\"http://edd.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Employment Development Department website\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/3296311573733137\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Unofficial California Unemployment Help public group on Facebook\u003c/a> or refer to this resource \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11820299/applying-for-unemployment-in-california-unofficial-facebook-group-creates-help-website\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created by volunteers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://prepaid.bankofamerica.com/EddCard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contact Bank of America\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Share Your Story:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>How are you getting by on unemployment benefits? CalMatters invites you to \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf9RSBU4G4ypdOXcL5Y1D_yPz4qD3VBhdm_qgsiV57yGvjogA/viewform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">share your story here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>¿Cómo te las estás arreglando sin los beneficios del Seguro de Desempleo? Te invitamos a compartir tu historia \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSedk6BtaXUCoVIQ4mkl2RtLxuAT-ct1nr9QSjEdCMjHQ29suw/viewform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">aquí\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11848447/how-bank-of-america-helped-fuel-californias-unemployment-meltdown","authors":["byline_news_11848447"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8"],"tags":["news_1905","news_18545","news_28339","news_27626","news_23052","news_17996","news_28844","news_631"],"featImg":"news_11848448","label":"source_news_11848447"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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