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"content": "\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12035621/historic-deal-end-point-reyes-ranching-threatened-republicans-probe\">congressional probe\u003c/a> into the historic settlement between ranchers and environmentalists at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/point-reyes\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> is uniting the unexpected allies over a clear message: Leave the deal alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Republicans who launched the investigation this month had accused the Nature Conservancy of “muzzling” ranchers and expressed concerns over a lack of transparency and the environmental and legal consequences of the deal. A dozen ranchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12021426/point-reyes-ranching-will-all-but-end-under-new-deal-capping-decades-long-conflict\">agreed in January to lease buyouts\u003c/a> by the Nature Conservancy, setting up the end of most ranching in the longtime North Bay agricultural region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Republicans alleged that many leaseholders were unhappy with the buyout terms, ranchers have called the deal their “only viable path forward,” one that promised compensation and an end to years of environmental litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are sincerely thankful for the resources that the Nature Conservancy brought to bear to resolve what for us was an untenable situation,” seven of the departing ranch owners, who are members of the Point Reyes Seashore Ranchers Association, wrote last week in a joint letter to Rep. Bruce Westerman, the chairman of the House Committee on Natural Resources and one of the Republicans who initiated the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation was started without the knowledge of the top-ranking Democrat on the committee, Rep. Jared Huffman, who represents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/marin-county\">West Marin\u003c/a> and previously told KQED that the move could “blow up” the historic land deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12035621 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal, which the ranchers’ statement called “an opportunity and a lifeline,” sent shockwaves through West Marin, where family-run operations say they have spearheaded sustainable farming practices since shortly after the Gold Rush and where many low-income workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030718/marin-county-declares-shelter-crisis-ranch-workers-poised-lose-homes\">rely on ranches’ affordable housing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It promised to halt an ongoing lawsuit by three environmental groups in 2022 as they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes\">sparred with ranchers\u003c/a> over land use, alleging that the ranchers dump large amounts of pollutants and greenhouse gases, causing ecological damage and harming the tule elk population that grazes there. It would also bar future similar litigation as the ranches finish out their existing property leases, some of which are set to last nearly 20 more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, preventing future lawsuits hinges on the ranchers meeting the settlement’s terms for ceasing operations, according to a letter that environmental groups Advocates for the West, the Resource Renewal Institute, the Center for Biological Diversity and the Western Watersheds Project sent Thursday in response to a document request from the House committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ranchers say that there isn’t any turning back on the deal and that the investigation only threatens to upend their protection from litigation and their payouts from the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One ranch has already closed down,” according to the letter from the members of the Point Reyes Seashore Ranchers Association. “Another ranch has purchased property elsewhere. Many of the families are currently cleaning out their ranch buildings and surroundings and removing possessions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12021428\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12021428\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows in a meadow in Point Reyes National Seashore, located in Marin County, California, on Nov. 17, 2017. \u003ccite>(Gili Yaari/NurPhoto via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An attorney writing on behalf of three additional dairies sent a second letter to the Committee on Natural Resources last week, requesting that it allow the settlement to move forward without requiring their confidential mediation documents to be revealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My clients are asking that their decisions be respected and that they be allowed to fulfill their\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>legal obligations under the agreements to close down their ranches in an orderly and appropriate manner and complete the transaction within the agreed timeline,” it reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the environmental groups targeted by the congressional investigation handed over more than 3,500 pages of documents related to the deal but said their mediation documents would not be released, citing attorney-client privilege and work product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they amplified the ranchers’ request to allow the settlement to continue, the environmental groups didn’t echo the ranchers’ other plea to Congress: to strengthen legal protections for ranchers on public lands elsewhere.[aside postID=news_12029675 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/NimanRanchGetty-1020x680.jpg']The dairies called for additional protections against “predatory litigation” by environmental activists, which they said has made it impossible for them to remain in Marin and the wider Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dairies said they “urge our elected officials to examine how and why a state like California, where dairy, made up almost entirely of family farms, has been strangled by hostile regulations, activism, and litigation instead of being protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029675/niman-ranch-challenges-point-reyes-seashore-settlement-in-lawsuit-over-ranching\">lawsuits fighting the settlement\u003c/a> deal have already been filed on behalf of ranching families and tenants who have long resided there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill and Nicolette Niman, who operate one of the two ranches that isn’t party to the settlement, sued the National Park Service, alleging that its move to bar agricultural operations on most of the 28,000-acre seashore fails to account for Congress’ goal to preserve the area’s “ranching and agricultural heritage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They believe the land should continue to be available to future generations of ranchers, even after those who have signed onto the settlement leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other remaining ranch owner, David Evans, joined the Nimans’ suit, and in his own letter to the House committee, he urged it to provide protections from “green groups,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/most-point-reyes-seashore-ranchers-signal-support-for-buyout-deal-after-hou/?ref=home-icymysmallstories\">reporting by the \u003cem>Press Democrat\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress, when it authorized the seashore and created the seashore, granted the park service and the Secretary of the Interior the authority — should the initial ranchers decide to leave, as most have now done — to lease that land to a new generation of ranchers,” said Peter Prows, the attorney representing the Nimans. “That alternative of leasing it to others is something that the park service hasn’t considered in violation of the law, and it’s really unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "House Republicans’ investigation into the historic settlement to end most ranching at the Point Reyes National Seashore threatens a 'lifeline' for the ranchers, they say.",
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"title": "Point Reyes Cattle Ranchers Urge Republicans to Leave Environmental Deal Alone | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12035621/historic-deal-end-point-reyes-ranching-threatened-republicans-probe\">congressional probe\u003c/a> into the historic settlement between ranchers and environmentalists at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/point-reyes\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> is uniting the unexpected allies over a clear message: Leave the deal alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Republicans who launched the investigation this month had accused the Nature Conservancy of “muzzling” ranchers and expressed concerns over a lack of transparency and the environmental and legal consequences of the deal. A dozen ranchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12021426/point-reyes-ranching-will-all-but-end-under-new-deal-capping-decades-long-conflict\">agreed in January to lease buyouts\u003c/a> by the Nature Conservancy, setting up the end of most ranching in the longtime North Bay agricultural region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Republicans alleged that many leaseholders were unhappy with the buyout terms, ranchers have called the deal their “only viable path forward,” one that promised compensation and an end to years of environmental litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are sincerely thankful for the resources that the Nature Conservancy brought to bear to resolve what for us was an untenable situation,” seven of the departing ranch owners, who are members of the Point Reyes Seashore Ranchers Association, wrote last week in a joint letter to Rep. Bruce Westerman, the chairman of the House Committee on Natural Resources and one of the Republicans who initiated the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation was started without the knowledge of the top-ranking Democrat on the committee, Rep. Jared Huffman, who represents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/marin-county\">West Marin\u003c/a> and previously told KQED that the move could “blow up” the historic land deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal, which the ranchers’ statement called “an opportunity and a lifeline,” sent shockwaves through West Marin, where family-run operations say they have spearheaded sustainable farming practices since shortly after the Gold Rush and where many low-income workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030718/marin-county-declares-shelter-crisis-ranch-workers-poised-lose-homes\">rely on ranches’ affordable housing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It promised to halt an ongoing lawsuit by three environmental groups in 2022 as they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes\">sparred with ranchers\u003c/a> over land use, alleging that the ranchers dump large amounts of pollutants and greenhouse gases, causing ecological damage and harming the tule elk population that grazes there. It would also bar future similar litigation as the ranches finish out their existing property leases, some of which are set to last nearly 20 more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, preventing future lawsuits hinges on the ranchers meeting the settlement’s terms for ceasing operations, according to a letter that environmental groups Advocates for the West, the Resource Renewal Institute, the Center for Biological Diversity and the Western Watersheds Project sent Thursday in response to a document request from the House committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ranchers say that there isn’t any turning back on the deal and that the investigation only threatens to upend their protection from litigation and their payouts from the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One ranch has already closed down,” according to the letter from the members of the Point Reyes Seashore Ranchers Association. “Another ranch has purchased property elsewhere. Many of the families are currently cleaning out their ranch buildings and surroundings and removing possessions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12021428\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12021428\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows in a meadow in Point Reyes National Seashore, located in Marin County, California, on Nov. 17, 2017. \u003ccite>(Gili Yaari/NurPhoto via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An attorney writing on behalf of three additional dairies sent a second letter to the Committee on Natural Resources last week, requesting that it allow the settlement to move forward without requiring their confidential mediation documents to be revealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My clients are asking that their decisions be respected and that they be allowed to fulfill their\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>legal obligations under the agreements to close down their ranches in an orderly and appropriate manner and complete the transaction within the agreed timeline,” it reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the environmental groups targeted by the congressional investigation handed over more than 3,500 pages of documents related to the deal but said their mediation documents would not be released, citing attorney-client privilege and work product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they amplified the ranchers’ request to allow the settlement to continue, the environmental groups didn’t echo the ranchers’ other plea to Congress: to strengthen legal protections for ranchers on public lands elsewhere.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The dairies called for additional protections against “predatory litigation” by environmental activists, which they said has made it impossible for them to remain in Marin and the wider Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dairies said they “urge our elected officials to examine how and why a state like California, where dairy, made up almost entirely of family farms, has been strangled by hostile regulations, activism, and litigation instead of being protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029675/niman-ranch-challenges-point-reyes-seashore-settlement-in-lawsuit-over-ranching\">lawsuits fighting the settlement\u003c/a> deal have already been filed on behalf of ranching families and tenants who have long resided there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill and Nicolette Niman, who operate one of the two ranches that isn’t party to the settlement, sued the National Park Service, alleging that its move to bar agricultural operations on most of the 28,000-acre seashore fails to account for Congress’ goal to preserve the area’s “ranching and agricultural heritage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They believe the land should continue to be available to future generations of ranchers, even after those who have signed onto the settlement leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other remaining ranch owner, David Evans, joined the Nimans’ suit, and in his own letter to the House committee, he urged it to provide protections from “green groups,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/most-point-reyes-seashore-ranchers-signal-support-for-buyout-deal-after-hou/?ref=home-icymysmallstories\">reporting by the \u003cem>Press Democrat\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress, when it authorized the seashore and created the seashore, granted the park service and the Secretary of the Interior the authority — should the initial ranchers decide to leave, as most have now done — to lease that land to a new generation of ranchers,” said Peter Prows, the attorney representing the Nimans. “That alternative of leasing it to others is something that the park service hasn’t considered in violation of the law, and it’s really unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "rain-bay-areas-dry-april-storms-back-forecast",
"title": "Where’s the Rain? After Bay Area’s Dry April, Storms Are Back in the Forecast",
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"headTitle": "Where’s the Rain? After Bay Area’s Dry April, Storms Are Back in the Forecast | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>After an unusually \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033807/bay-area-forecast-changes-2-days-rain-beautiful-weekend\">dry April\u003c/a>, Northern California could get its first significant rainfall of the month — and last of the season — this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service is forecasting cool temperatures and light showers late this week, after much of the month has teased summertime temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will bring a bit of moisture to the area,” said Rachel Kennedy, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office. “Not a whole lot of rain, but a little bit of rain as we’re starting to move into the end of our rainy season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has seen \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12035963/april-showers-drop-rain-snow-possible-thunderstorms-bay-area\">only three days of rainfall\u003c/a>, totaling less than half an inch, in most places so far this month. Rainfall on Friday and Saturday could add up to a quarter-inch to April’s total, especially around the Santa Lucia and Santa Cruz mountains in the South Bay, Kennedy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures will start to slide down to the mid-60s inland and the high 50s closer to the coast on Tuesday, thanks to low cloud cover developing over Point Reyes and moving south through the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035965\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person walks on Haight Street in the rain in San Francisco on Nov. 22, 2024, during a storm bringing heavy rain and strong winds to the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Friday, chances for rain begin, with the weather service forecasting about a 45% likelihood of precipitation. Beginning Friday evening and extending through the end of rainfall on Saturday, there will be slim chances for thunderstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a dreary weekend, the clouds could part on the Bay Area’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033983/late-storms-boost-californias-snowpack-hitting-a-3-year-streak-not-seen-in-decades\">rainy season\u003c/a> for good, according to Kennedy, who said the region is headed for a big shift in the weather pattern at the start of next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this isn’t our full-on last hurrah, it’s going to be one of the last ones,” Kennedy said. “We may see a storm or two in early May, but we are not currently expecting that.”[aside postID=news_12036237 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/JupiterGetty-1020x673.jpg']The weather service expects a prolonged ridge to develop over the West Coast next Monday and Tuesday and extend through much of May, reducing the chance of any more rainfall this spring, Kennedy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relatively dry April topped off a mixed bag of a rainy season across the region, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were in a La Niña winter, and in a La Niña winter, we do tend to see a very north and south split between areas that are above normal precipitation and areas that are below,” she said. “That’s pretty well represented in our area since we fall pretty much on the border of that split.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Bay saw rainfall totals up to 130% of their annual average, while San Francisco and the East Bay fell slightly short of their typical amounts. Some outliers in the South Bay hills, including the Santa Lucias and Santa Cruz mountains, got significant rainfall, but Kennedy said there’s a drop-off moving south into inland Monterey and San Benito counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our precipitation totals are much, much lower. We have sites that are 43% of normal, 50%, 57%,” she told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the return of summer weather comes an increased risk, since California’s traditional fire season is around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The long-term forecasts in the Climate Prediction Center do show us trending warmer and then drier throughout our summer months, which generally is just something that we’re a little concerned with and keeping an eye on for fire season,” Kennedy said. “Especially in those areas in the interior of the Central Coast, which did not see a lot of rain this winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Northern California is forecast to get its first significant rainfall of the month — and last of the season — this weekend.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After an unusually \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033807/bay-area-forecast-changes-2-days-rain-beautiful-weekend\">dry April\u003c/a>, Northern California could get its first significant rainfall of the month — and last of the season — this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service is forecasting cool temperatures and light showers late this week, after much of the month has teased summertime temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will bring a bit of moisture to the area,” said Rachel Kennedy, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office. “Not a whole lot of rain, but a little bit of rain as we’re starting to move into the end of our rainy season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has seen \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12035963/april-showers-drop-rain-snow-possible-thunderstorms-bay-area\">only three days of rainfall\u003c/a>, totaling less than half an inch, in most places so far this month. Rainfall on Friday and Saturday could add up to a quarter-inch to April’s total, especially around the Santa Lucia and Santa Cruz mountains in the South Bay, Kennedy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures will start to slide down to the mid-60s inland and the high 50s closer to the coast on Tuesday, thanks to low cloud cover developing over Point Reyes and moving south through the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035965\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/241122-StormHitsBayArea-27-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person walks on Haight Street in the rain in San Francisco on Nov. 22, 2024, during a storm bringing heavy rain and strong winds to the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Friday, chances for rain begin, with the weather service forecasting about a 45% likelihood of precipitation. Beginning Friday evening and extending through the end of rainfall on Saturday, there will be slim chances for thunderstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a dreary weekend, the clouds could part on the Bay Area’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033983/late-storms-boost-californias-snowpack-hitting-a-3-year-streak-not-seen-in-decades\">rainy season\u003c/a> for good, according to Kennedy, who said the region is headed for a big shift in the weather pattern at the start of next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this isn’t our full-on last hurrah, it’s going to be one of the last ones,” Kennedy said. “We may see a storm or two in early May, but we are not currently expecting that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The weather service expects a prolonged ridge to develop over the West Coast next Monday and Tuesday and extend through much of May, reducing the chance of any more rainfall this spring, Kennedy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relatively dry April topped off a mixed bag of a rainy season across the region, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were in a La Niña winter, and in a La Niña winter, we do tend to see a very north and south split between areas that are above normal precipitation and areas that are below,” she said. “That’s pretty well represented in our area since we fall pretty much on the border of that split.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Bay saw rainfall totals up to 130% of their annual average, while San Francisco and the East Bay fell slightly short of their typical amounts. Some outliers in the South Bay hills, including the Santa Lucias and Santa Cruz mountains, got significant rainfall, but Kennedy said there’s a drop-off moving south into inland Monterey and San Benito counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our precipitation totals are much, much lower. We have sites that are 43% of normal, 50%, 57%,” she told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the return of summer weather comes an increased risk, since California’s traditional fire season is around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The long-term forecasts in the Climate Prediction Center do show us trending warmer and then drier throughout our summer months, which generally is just something that we’re a little concerned with and keeping an eye on for fire season,” Kennedy said. “Especially in those areas in the interior of the Central Coast, which did not see a lot of rain this winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Republicans’ Probe Could Threaten Historic Deal to End Point Reyes Ranching",
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"content": "\u003cp>Congress has launched an investigation into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12021426/point-reyes-ranching-will-all-but-end-under-new-deal-capping-decades-long-conflict\">controversial settlement deal\u003c/a> that is set to end most dairy and cattle ranching along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/point-reyes\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a>, according to a letter this week from Republican members, including many on the House Committee on Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jared Huffman, the committee’s ranking Democrat, said the move could “blow up” the historic land deal, which had seemed poised to end years of environmental strife over the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement was announced in January, when the National Park Service said that a dozen ranchers had agreed to cede their leases in exchange for a buyout from the Nature Conservancy. The park service also said it would revise its general management plan to rezone about 16,000 acres of the seashore to disallow most agricultural operations and add \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes\">protections for the tule elk\u003c/a> population there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the letter sent Thursday to the Nature Conservancy and other environmental organizations who were party to the deal, Congress members are concerned about the “lack of transparency” and potential “environmental and legal consequences” of the deal, as well as the environmental nonprofit’s part in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terms of the deal have been kept mostly private, and ranchers had to sign non-disclosure agreements related to the settlement and their compensation, according to the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress members are now alleging that the NDAs have “muzzled” lessies who agreed to the deal and that many aren’t happy with its terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. In the 1970s, the Parks Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The committee understands that not only are some parties uncomfortable with the settlement agreement, but also that [Nature Conservancy] donors and environmental advocates have expressed displeasure with the settlement,” the letter reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nature Conservancy said in a statement that it “was not part of the Point Reyes litigation, but was asked by all of the litigating parties, including the ranchers, to join their mediation as an honest broker and help find a compromise to end the long-standing conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an organization, we have a long history of partnering with ranchers, farmers and communities who work closest to the land to help conserve the lands and waters that sustain us all,” the statement reads. “We have long considered farmers and ranchers some of our greatest conservation allies.”[aside postID=news_12029675 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/NimanRanchGetty-1020x680.jpg']The settlement came after three environmental groups — Resource Renewal Institute, the Center for Biological Diversity and the Western Watersheds Project — sued the park service in 2022, faulting it for part of the ecological damage done by ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the deal spurred anger and anxiety within the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/marin-county\">West Marin\u003c/a> community, where ranching had been an economic backbone for generations. One rancher who agreed to the buyout told KQED at the time that even though he ultimately took the settlement, he and other ranchers “felt so much in a corner that [they] didn’t know what else to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolette Hahn Niman and her husband, William, who own Niman Ranch, refused the deal and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029675/niman-ranch-challenges-point-reyes-seashore-settlement-in-lawsuit-over-ranching\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> against the park service in March, saying that the move to bar ranching would cause environmental damage and failed to account for Congress’ goal to preserve the “ranching and agricultural heritage” of the seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second lawsuit filed against the park service, Nature Conservancy and Department of Interior alleges that they conspired to pay off the ranchers. West Marin attorney Andrew Giacomini filed the suit on behalf of local workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002972/west-marin-worker-housing-often-substandard-and-faulty-new-report-finds\">who live in housing on the ranches\u003c/a> — one of few affordable options in the area — and are now poised to be evicted in the coming year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The members of Congress are requesting wide-ranging communication records between the Nature Conservancy, the environmental groups that brought the 2022 suit, the National Park Service, and the ranchers who are party to the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035708\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Congressman Jared Huffman speaks during a press conference in Santa Rosa on April 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They also seem to be reviewing the Nature Conservancy’s new role helping manage the seashore under the park service’s revision to the General Management Plan this year, which they believe could be a conflict of interest because of the nonprofit’s part in the land deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman, whose district includes West Marin, said he didn’t have any advance knowledge that the probe was being launched and that the representatives investigating never asked for information regarding the settlement before now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing to hide here,” he said. “I would have gladly brought them to Point Reyes, had them sit down and talk to the ranchers. There’s nothing controversial or scandalous in any of this, it’s just a painful and difficult business decision that these ranching families have made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that the probe has the possibility to reverse the historic deal unless the ranchers who agreed to it back it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching families who “have largely been silent for the last few months … [are] going to need to explain that they want this deal and that people should knock it off and stop politicizing it,” Huffman said. “If they do that, then we can probably still move forward, but if they’ve changed their minds, then we’re probably in a new place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Congress has launched an investigation into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12021426/point-reyes-ranching-will-all-but-end-under-new-deal-capping-decades-long-conflict\">controversial settlement deal\u003c/a> that is set to end most dairy and cattle ranching along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/point-reyes\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a>, according to a letter this week from Republican members, including many on the House Committee on Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jared Huffman, the committee’s ranking Democrat, said the move could “blow up” the historic land deal, which had seemed poised to end years of environmental strife over the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement was announced in January, when the National Park Service said that a dozen ranchers had agreed to cede their leases in exchange for a buyout from the Nature Conservancy. The park service also said it would revise its general management plan to rezone about 16,000 acres of the seashore to disallow most agricultural operations and add \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes\">protections for the tule elk\u003c/a> population there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the letter sent Thursday to the Nature Conservancy and other environmental organizations who were party to the deal, Congress members are concerned about the “lack of transparency” and potential “environmental and legal consequences” of the deal, as well as the environmental nonprofit’s part in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terms of the deal have been kept mostly private, and ranchers had to sign non-disclosure agreements related to the settlement and their compensation, according to the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress members are now alleging that the NDAs have “muzzled” lessies who agreed to the deal and that many aren’t happy with its terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. In the 1970s, the Parks Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The committee understands that not only are some parties uncomfortable with the settlement agreement, but also that [Nature Conservancy] donors and environmental advocates have expressed displeasure with the settlement,” the letter reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nature Conservancy said in a statement that it “was not part of the Point Reyes litigation, but was asked by all of the litigating parties, including the ranchers, to join their mediation as an honest broker and help find a compromise to end the long-standing conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an organization, we have a long history of partnering with ranchers, farmers and communities who work closest to the land to help conserve the lands and waters that sustain us all,” the statement reads. “We have long considered farmers and ranchers some of our greatest conservation allies.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The settlement came after three environmental groups — Resource Renewal Institute, the Center for Biological Diversity and the Western Watersheds Project — sued the park service in 2022, faulting it for part of the ecological damage done by ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the deal spurred anger and anxiety within the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/marin-county\">West Marin\u003c/a> community, where ranching had been an economic backbone for generations. One rancher who agreed to the buyout told KQED at the time that even though he ultimately took the settlement, he and other ranchers “felt so much in a corner that [they] didn’t know what else to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolette Hahn Niman and her husband, William, who own Niman Ranch, refused the deal and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029675/niman-ranch-challenges-point-reyes-seashore-settlement-in-lawsuit-over-ranching\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> against the park service in March, saying that the move to bar ranching would cause environmental damage and failed to account for Congress’ goal to preserve the “ranching and agricultural heritage” of the seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second lawsuit filed against the park service, Nature Conservancy and Department of Interior alleges that they conspired to pay off the ranchers. West Marin attorney Andrew Giacomini filed the suit on behalf of local workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002972/west-marin-worker-housing-often-substandard-and-faulty-new-report-finds\">who live in housing on the ranches\u003c/a> — one of few affordable options in the area — and are now poised to be evicted in the coming year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The members of Congress are requesting wide-ranging communication records between the Nature Conservancy, the environmental groups that brought the 2022 suit, the National Park Service, and the ranchers who are party to the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035708\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20240426_DeptofLaborAnnouncement-11_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Congressman Jared Huffman speaks during a press conference in Santa Rosa on April 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They also seem to be reviewing the Nature Conservancy’s new role helping manage the seashore under the park service’s revision to the General Management Plan this year, which they believe could be a conflict of interest because of the nonprofit’s part in the land deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman, whose district includes West Marin, said he didn’t have any advance knowledge that the probe was being launched and that the representatives investigating never asked for information regarding the settlement before now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing to hide here,” he said. “I would have gladly brought them to Point Reyes, had them sit down and talk to the ranchers. There’s nothing controversial or scandalous in any of this, it’s just a painful and difficult business decision that these ranching families have made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that the probe has the possibility to reverse the historic deal unless the ranchers who agreed to it back it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching families who “have largely been silent for the last few months … [are] going to need to explain that they want this deal and that people should knock it off and stop politicizing it,” Huffman said. “If they do that, then we can probably still move forward, but if they’ve changed their minds, then we’re probably in a new place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Point Reyes ranchers are suing the National Parks Service after it announced it would rezone the coastal land where multigenerational family farms have operated for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolette Hahn Niman and her husband William are suing the park service, alleging that barring agricultural operations on most of the 28,000-acre seashore will cause irreparable damage and fails to account for Congress’s goal to preserve the “ranching and agricultural heritage” of the seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Defendants’ refusal to consider allowing farming and ranching to continue, even though Congress has specifically authorized Defendants to do so, violates the law and will cause significant and irreparable harm to this agricultural heritage, to the environment, to the community, to the regional food supply, and to the health of the nation,” their suit, filed Feb. 25, reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12021426/point-reyes-ranching-will-all-but-end-under-new-deal-capping-decades-long-conflict\">historic deal\u003c/a> between a dozen Point Reyes cattle ranches and dairies, The Nature Conservatory and the National Parks Service in January will end most ranching on the seashore by 2026. Under the agreement, ranchers will relinquish their leases in exchange for compensation from The Nature Conservatory, according to a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement stemmed from a 2022 lawsuit by three environmental groups, which argued that the park service’s decision to continue leasing seashore land to commercial beef and dairy ranches caused ecological damage and threatened the region’s tule elk population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many have praised the decision as an ecological win, the Nimans — one of only two Point Reyes Seashore ranches that refused the settlement — disagree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel like we’re fighting for the continuation of this agricultural community here,” she told KQED. “Not just the people, but the presence of people that are working on the land and producing very high-quality food, focused on a smaller scale that’s grass-based and is really not based on the industrial methods that are used in most of agriculture in the United States today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niman said the Point Reyes area has long followed a unique model where ranchers are deeply connected to the land, using regenerative farming to work in harmony with the environment. Expanding these methods, she said, is both economically and ecologically sustainable — especially as the U.S. works to reshape its food system.[aside postID=news_12021426 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/PointReyesCattleGetty-1020x680.jpg']The lawsuit claims the park service is violating the law by refusing to lease ceded land to other ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress, when it authorized the seashore and created the seashore, granted the park service and the Secretary of the Interior the authority — should the initial ranchers decide to leave, as most have now done — to lease that land to a new generation of ranchers,” said Peter Prows, the attorney representing the Nimans. “That alternative of leasing it to others is something that the park service hasn’t considered in violation of the law, and it’s really unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit alleges that the National Park Service violated the National Environmental Policy Act, the 1976 Tule Elk Law and the Coastal Zone Management Act, among other regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit argues that the park service failed to prepare an “adequate” environmental impact statement when revising its management plan this year, as required by the NEPA before any federal action “significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niman said that new restrictions had been placed on their ranch over the years, making it financially unfeasible to continue — and marking a significant shift in the use of their 800-acre property, part of which they own and part they lease from the park service. Over time, the lease has imposed more stringent restrictions on operations, including a reduction in the number of cattle the ranch can host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12029746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12029746\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle are seen during heavy fog at Point Reyes National Seashore of Inverness in Marin County on Jan. 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park service \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/planning_gmp_amendment.htm\">said on its website\u003c/a> that it could issue a revised management plan without doing a new environmental impact report because it consists of elements considered already in alternative plans and is within the spectrum of those alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit also claims that a sustainable management plan for the Tule Elk population has not been developed despite the elk’s health being at the center of the legal battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit is the second filed against the National Park Service since January’s settlement. Last week, a suit was filed on behalf of workers on the ranches who are at risk of eviction when they shutter. It alleges that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptreyeslight.com/news/suit-alleges-conspiracy-at-park-service/\">park service conspired with the Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> to get ranchers to lease their properties to the conservatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niman hopes her lawsuit will prompt the park service to lean into regenerative farming at the North Bay seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this opportunity here, there has been for a long time, to use this as an example of what agriculture could be, what food production should be and could be in the future,” she said. “We feel like we’re kind of fighting for the soul of this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Point Reyes ranchers are suing the National Parks Service after it announced it would rezone the coastal land where multigenerational family farms have operated for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolette Hahn Niman and her husband William are suing the park service, alleging that barring agricultural operations on most of the 28,000-acre seashore will cause irreparable damage and fails to account for Congress’s goal to preserve the “ranching and agricultural heritage” of the seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Defendants’ refusal to consider allowing farming and ranching to continue, even though Congress has specifically authorized Defendants to do so, violates the law and will cause significant and irreparable harm to this agricultural heritage, to the environment, to the community, to the regional food supply, and to the health of the nation,” their suit, filed Feb. 25, reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12021426/point-reyes-ranching-will-all-but-end-under-new-deal-capping-decades-long-conflict\">historic deal\u003c/a> between a dozen Point Reyes cattle ranches and dairies, The Nature Conservatory and the National Parks Service in January will end most ranching on the seashore by 2026. Under the agreement, ranchers will relinquish their leases in exchange for compensation from The Nature Conservatory, according to a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement stemmed from a 2022 lawsuit by three environmental groups, which argued that the park service’s decision to continue leasing seashore land to commercial beef and dairy ranches caused ecological damage and threatened the region’s tule elk population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many have praised the decision as an ecological win, the Nimans — one of only two Point Reyes Seashore ranches that refused the settlement — disagree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel like we’re fighting for the continuation of this agricultural community here,” she told KQED. “Not just the people, but the presence of people that are working on the land and producing very high-quality food, focused on a smaller scale that’s grass-based and is really not based on the industrial methods that are used in most of agriculture in the United States today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niman said the Point Reyes area has long followed a unique model where ranchers are deeply connected to the land, using regenerative farming to work in harmony with the environment. Expanding these methods, she said, is both economically and ecologically sustainable — especially as the U.S. works to reshape its food system.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The lawsuit claims the park service is violating the law by refusing to lease ceded land to other ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress, when it authorized the seashore and created the seashore, granted the park service and the Secretary of the Interior the authority — should the initial ranchers decide to leave, as most have now done — to lease that land to a new generation of ranchers,” said Peter Prows, the attorney representing the Nimans. “That alternative of leasing it to others is something that the park service hasn’t considered in violation of the law, and it’s really unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit alleges that the National Park Service violated the National Environmental Policy Act, the 1976 Tule Elk Law and the Coastal Zone Management Act, among other regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit argues that the park service failed to prepare an “adequate” environmental impact statement when revising its management plan this year, as required by the NEPA before any federal action “significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niman said that new restrictions had been placed on their ranch over the years, making it financially unfeasible to continue — and marking a significant shift in the use of their 800-acre property, part of which they own and part they lease from the park service. Over time, the lease has imposed more stringent restrictions on operations, including a reduction in the number of cattle the ranch can host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12029746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12029746\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/PointReyesNationalSeashoreGetty-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle are seen during heavy fog at Point Reyes National Seashore of Inverness in Marin County on Jan. 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park service \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/planning_gmp_amendment.htm\">said on its website\u003c/a> that it could issue a revised management plan without doing a new environmental impact report because it consists of elements considered already in alternative plans and is within the spectrum of those alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit also claims that a sustainable management plan for the Tule Elk population has not been developed despite the elk’s health being at the center of the legal battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit is the second filed against the National Park Service since January’s settlement. Last week, a suit was filed on behalf of workers on the ranches who are at risk of eviction when they shutter. It alleges that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptreyeslight.com/news/suit-alleges-conspiracy-at-park-service/\">park service conspired with the Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> to get ranchers to lease their properties to the conservatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niman hopes her lawsuit will prompt the park service to lean into regenerative farming at the North Bay seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this opportunity here, there has been for a long time, to use this as an example of what agriculture could be, what food production should be and could be in the future,” she said. “We feel like we’re kind of fighting for the soul of this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After a decadeslong fight, the majority of ranching along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/point-reyes\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> will end in the next year and a half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement, announced Wednesday by the National Park Service, is the culmination of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes\">a decadeslong fight\u003c/a> between multigenerational ranching families on the seashore and environmental advocates who argued that their operations harm native grass and animal species. It will phase out a dozen ranches that have lined the North Bay shoreline since before the California Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal comes after three environmental groups sued the park service in 2022, faulting it for part of the ecological damage done by ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thanks to agreements between The Nature Conservancy and the closing ranch operations, the park’s future management will include additional opportunities for visitors, non-lethal management of native tule elk, and honors the co-stewardship agreement with the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria,” Point Reyes National Seashore Superintendent Anne Altman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Lunny, a third-generation rancher on the peninsula, said relations between the park service and the ranchers, who lease their land, had deteriorated over the past two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though I knew it was coming, it’s super hard,” he said. “Even though deep down we believe it’s the right thing, and we did it voluntarily … we felt so much in a corner that we didn’t know what else to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three groups — Resource Renewal Institute (RRI), the Center for Biological Diversity and the Western Watersheds Project — \u003ca href=\"https://www.rri.org/newsroom/a-new-era-for-point-reyes\">sued the park service\u003c/a> in 2016 and 2022 over its decision to continue issuing leasing land to commercial beef and dairy ranches on the seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the nonprofit In Defense of Animals, the ranches dump millions of pounds of manure, millions of gallons of urine and tens of thousands of pounds of methane into the area, causing ecological damage. Tule elk have also been starved of resources and contracted diseases, the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant along the Point Reyes National Seashore, tule elk will be able to roam freely when the majority of ranching ends in the next year and a half. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Erik Molvar, the executive director of Western Watersheds Project, called the settlement a “major victory” for the tule elk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The elk will now have the ability to move freely throughout the national seashore … and expand their populations to a natural population level,” he said, noting that previously, fences had constricted their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the benefits will extend beyond the elk, too, Molvar said. While at least two ranches plan to continue operating, the 12 that close through the settlement will reduce the number of cattle in the area from more than 10,000 to around 200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This reduction in grazing will help restore native coastal grasslands, he said, and give other native species dependent on those grasses a better chance to thrive. In turn, those native grasses should help streams see less sedimentation and erosion, improving salmon and steelhead runs, as well, he said. And, the public will get more access to expanded trails and camping sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Molvar said that despite the victory, he wasn’t breaking out the champagne.[aside postID=news_11936802 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Cows-in-Point-Reyes-e1672879647911.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a compromise,” he said. “We had to accept some outcomes that we didn’t like in order to get the outcomes that we really wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement will reduce the amount of land used for ranching by roughly 85%. Lessees leaving the seashore will split a sum of around $40 million, and employees on the ranches will divide about $2.5 million in relocation assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Bell, director of protection at the Nature Conservancy in California, which was brought in to mediate and is footing the bill for the ranchers’ settlement, acknowledged the agreement is a profound cultural shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big transformative land use change,” he said. “There were all the emotions, but also a lot of pride that all the parties were able to get [to a solution], and a lot of determination to make this a success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Lunny, however, the decision to leave the seashore is more bitter than sweet. As the ranchers, workers and their families relocate, the community that supports them will also be affected, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re losing our rural character,” Lunny said. “We know that our agreeing to this has profound repercussions on our community. And that’s what tugs at our hearts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service will be responsible for overseeing the removal of cows and ranching infrastructure on roughly 16,000 acres of ranchland inside the national park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The settlement will phase out a dozen ranches that have lined the North Bay shoreline since before the California Gold Rush and long drew the ire of environmentalists.",
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"title": "Point Reyes Ranching Will All But End Under New Deal, Capping Decadeslong Conflict | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a decadeslong fight, the majority of ranching along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/point-reyes\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> will end in the next year and a half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement, announced Wednesday by the National Park Service, is the culmination of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes\">a decadeslong fight\u003c/a> between multigenerational ranching families on the seashore and environmental advocates who argued that their operations harm native grass and animal species. It will phase out a dozen ranches that have lined the North Bay shoreline since before the California Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal comes after three environmental groups sued the park service in 2022, faulting it for part of the ecological damage done by ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thanks to agreements between The Nature Conservancy and the closing ranch operations, the park’s future management will include additional opportunities for visitors, non-lethal management of native tule elk, and honors the co-stewardship agreement with the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria,” Point Reyes National Seashore Superintendent Anne Altman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Lunny, a third-generation rancher on the peninsula, said relations between the park service and the ranchers, who lease their land, had deteriorated over the past two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though I knew it was coming, it’s super hard,” he said. “Even though deep down we believe it’s the right thing, and we did it voluntarily … we felt so much in a corner that we didn’t know what else to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three groups — Resource Renewal Institute (RRI), the Center for Biological Diversity and the Western Watersheds Project — \u003ca href=\"https://www.rri.org/newsroom/a-new-era-for-point-reyes\">sued the park service\u003c/a> in 2016 and 2022 over its decision to continue issuing leasing land to commercial beef and dairy ranches on the seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the nonprofit In Defense of Animals, the ranches dump millions of pounds of manure, millions of gallons of urine and tens of thousands of pounds of methane into the area, causing ecological damage. Tule elk have also been starved of resources and contracted diseases, the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant along the Point Reyes National Seashore, tule elk will be able to roam freely when the majority of ranching ends in the next year and a half. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Erik Molvar, the executive director of Western Watersheds Project, called the settlement a “major victory” for the tule elk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The elk will now have the ability to move freely throughout the national seashore … and expand their populations to a natural population level,” he said, noting that previously, fences had constricted their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the benefits will extend beyond the elk, too, Molvar said. While at least two ranches plan to continue operating, the 12 that close through the settlement will reduce the number of cattle in the area from more than 10,000 to around 200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This reduction in grazing will help restore native coastal grasslands, he said, and give other native species dependent on those grasses a better chance to thrive. In turn, those native grasses should help streams see less sedimentation and erosion, improving salmon and steelhead runs, as well, he said. And, the public will get more access to expanded trails and camping sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Molvar said that despite the victory, he wasn’t breaking out the champagne.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a compromise,” he said. “We had to accept some outcomes that we didn’t like in order to get the outcomes that we really wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement will reduce the amount of land used for ranching by roughly 85%. Lessees leaving the seashore will split a sum of around $40 million, and employees on the ranches will divide about $2.5 million in relocation assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Bell, director of protection at the Nature Conservancy in California, which was brought in to mediate and is footing the bill for the ranchers’ settlement, acknowledged the agreement is a profound cultural shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big transformative land use change,” he said. “There were all the emotions, but also a lot of pride that all the parties were able to get [to a solution], and a lot of determination to make this a success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Lunny, however, the decision to leave the seashore is more bitter than sweet. As the ranchers, workers and their families relocate, the community that supports them will also be affected, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re losing our rural character,” Lunny said. “We know that our agreeing to this has profound repercussions on our community. And that’s what tugs at our hearts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service will be responsible for overseeing the removal of cows and ranching infrastructure on roughly 16,000 acres of ranchland inside the national park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "meet-the-pesky-but-lovable-bishop-pine-native-to-the-northern-california-coast",
"title": "The World's Largest Bishop Pine Forest Is in Point Reyes",
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"headTitle": "The World’s Largest Bishop Pine Forest Is in Point Reyes | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Everyone’s heard about the wonders of California’s coastal redwood trees. They can live for hundreds, even one or two thousand years, all while enduring West Coast fires, storms and pests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s an equally fascinating native California tree: the bishop pine. While it’s not a household name, the drought-tolerant, rocky, soil-loving plant has fashioned its own way of surviving the ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop pines are everything that redwoods are not. They get canker infections and snap like pencils. When their root balls are soggy, a strong breeze tips them over. In a wildfire? Woosh, they’re gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fragility of the bishop pine is arguably its strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest natural bishop pine forest in the world is in Tomales Bay State Park in Point Reyes. Just like the groves of their majestic cousins, the coastal redwoods, bishop pine forests can last for thousands of years. However, it’s because each individual bishop pine can quickly make space for the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The spread of pencil trees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bishop pines were once widespread throughout western North America. That was during the Tertiary period, over 2.5 million years ago. Now, their range is mostly limited to a sliver along California’s coast. And it’s shrinking still!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001161\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001161\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1373\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-800x549.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-1020x700.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-1536x1054.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-1920x1318.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Bishop Pine at Jepson Memorial Grove, along the Johnstone Trail, at Tomales Bay State Park on Aug. 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One culprit is a fungal infection that causes bishop pines to grow cankers, which appear as large bulges in a tree’s branches and trunk. Cankers girdle a tree’s branches and trunk, causing them to bulge and leak resin. The girdle reduces the flow of nutrients, weakening the trunk so that it eventually snaps in two like a broken pencil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many snapped and fallen trees in Tomales Bay State Park, as well as in Inverness, a small unincorporated community nestled between the state park and Tomales Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cleaning up after the pines\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To fully appreciate the largest and oldest remaining bishop pine forests, hikers can take the Johnstone Trail in Tomales Bay State Park. There, they’ll pass through the trees and other vegetation still coated in dew from the coastal fog and walk up the low hills to views of Tomales Bay glistening in the distance — views snatched between the trunks of bishop pines now a hundred feet tall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While hiking the trail, it’s more or less a matter of time before one runs into local Emmanuel Serriere while he’s cleaning up the tangle of trunks and branches that happen when a massive tree falls and takes down unlucky neighbors with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serriere has cleared the Johnstone Trail of bishop pines and other trees for 14 years. It began when he retired next door and started walking the trail regularly. One day, the trail was blocked by a fallen tree. Instead of waiting for someone else to do something, he took his chainsaw and unblocked the trail himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001351\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001351\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emmanuel Serriere clears the Johnstone Trail in Tomales Bay State Park. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serriere walks the trail almost daily for his own enjoyment, but he takes note of how to improve the experience for everyone: removing loose roots that he calls “widow makers;” filling in giant potholes left by mature root balls; and, of course, clearing fallen trunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state park works with multiple volunteers and staff to keep the Johnstone Trail open and safe for visitors, but Serriere is particularly active. He enjoys the labor, and more than that, he enjoys the experience of a pleasant hike, something he’s proud to share with fellow hikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serriere estimated that he’d removed over a hundred tree trunks from the Johnstone Trail. He often works with fellow volunteer Gerald Meral and coordinates with park rangers on particularly bad pile-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, you’ll know a Serriere tree removal when you see one. The evidence remains on the slowly decomposing trunks lying next to the trail — literally on each cross-section, where Serriere has recorded in big fat Sharpie the date when he cleared that particular fallen tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001347\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tree lies fallen alongside the Johnstone Trail in Tomales Bay State Park. Emmanuel Serriere clears the trail as part of his maintenance work and dates the trunks with a permanent marker as a memento of his effort.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px;font-weight: bold\">Suited to thrive\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, not all locals share Serriere’s disdain for the pesky bishop pines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Gaman, a professional forester who has studied the Tomales Bay bishop pine forest in detail, grows bishop pines on his property. Gaman said he likes that they’re indigenous and thrive under the right natural conditions. If they’re healthy enough, they can even overcome canker infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001350\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001350\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Gaman beside a bishop pine he grew from seed. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaman showed me a dozen mature bishop pines around his yard that he planted from seed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One does not simply buy bishop pine seeds. Gaman collected the pine cones himself. Even his 5-year-old bishop pines had little cones on them. The hard part was getting the seeds out. Bishop pine cones are sealed shut with resin. The seeds stay locked in these closed cones until a fire melts the resin so the cones can finally pop open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001352\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001352\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bishop pine seedlings growing in Tom Gaman’s yard. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaman extracted the seeds by roasting the cones in his oven, but wild bishop pines rely on wildfires to reproduce. Although wildfires often kill mature bishop pines, the heat also opens their cones, and the fiery winds distribute the seeds, which then regenerate into new trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since bishop pines require wildfire to produce, they happily increase the risk of wildfire as they age. The grove around the Johnstone Trail is full of dead trees, fallen branches, and dense mounds of dried needles. “Around here, you can walk through a bishop pine forest, and it hasn’t burned for so long that the litter can be a foot deep,” Gaman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This build-up of organic material stokes fears of an exceptionally big and fast-moving wildfire ripping through Inverness. Until that happens, though, the litter is actually a big problem for the bishop pines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001349\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001349\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Gaman holds his collection of extracted bishop pine seeds. The seeds are locked inside pine cones held shut with pitch. Gaman opens the cones by roasting them in his oven. Bishop pines rely on wildfires to reproduce in the wild. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaman said that bishop pine seeds won’t germinate unless they’re down on what foresters call “bare mineral soil.” In 1939, a dozen years before Tomales Bay State Park opened, there was a big fire that cleared the land. The bishop pine forest we see today naturally sprung back after that wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the forest is 80 years old, and the dying bishop pines are being replaced by oak and bay. Without another wildfire, this indigenous bishop pine forest — the largest natural bishop pine grove in the world — will eventually disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Resilience of the forest, not the trees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gaman explained that it’s not because bishop pines are fragile. “There might be 40 generations of bishop pines in the life of one redwood tree,” Gaman said. “So bishop pines are resilient in that the young ones can burst onto the landscape after a fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beauty of bishop pines is that they make space for the next generation. While it’s a pain to clear fallen trees, it’s a chore that’s easier to appreciate after the full experience of hiking the Johnstone Trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001348\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001348\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emmanuel Serriere hikes through the bishop pine forest along the Johnstone Trail in Tomales Bay State Park. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After I watched Serriere clear a lower part of the trail, we hiked up to a ridge. First, he pointed out the fallen tree he’d cleared and marked with the trail’s highest altitude. Then he turned to the clearing that the dead tree exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we got new babies,” Serriere exclaimed. “New bishop pines coming up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001163\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001163\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bishop pine, visible on the center-left, can be seen from Heart’s Desire Beach at Tomales Bay State Park on Aug. 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "While not as famous as its cousin, the mighty redwood, the drought-tolerant, rocky soil-loving bishop pine has fashioned its own way of surviving the ages.",
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"title": "The World's Largest Bishop Pine Forest Is in Point Reyes | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Everyone’s heard about the wonders of California’s coastal redwood trees. They can live for hundreds, even one or two thousand years, all while enduring West Coast fires, storms and pests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s an equally fascinating native California tree: the bishop pine. While it’s not a household name, the drought-tolerant, rocky, soil-loving plant has fashioned its own way of surviving the ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop pines are everything that redwoods are not. They get canker infections and snap like pencils. When their root balls are soggy, a strong breeze tips them over. In a wildfire? Woosh, they’re gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fragility of the bishop pine is arguably its strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest natural bishop pine forest in the world is in Tomales Bay State Park in Point Reyes. Just like the groves of their majestic cousins, the coastal redwoods, bishop pine forests can last for thousands of years. However, it’s because each individual bishop pine can quickly make space for the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The spread of pencil trees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bishop pines were once widespread throughout western North America. That was during the Tertiary period, over 2.5 million years ago. Now, their range is mostly limited to a sliver along California’s coast. And it’s shrinking still!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001161\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001161\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1373\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-800x549.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-1020x700.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-1536x1054.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-25-KQED-1920x1318.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Bishop Pine at Jepson Memorial Grove, along the Johnstone Trail, at Tomales Bay State Park on Aug. 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One culprit is a fungal infection that causes bishop pines to grow cankers, which appear as large bulges in a tree’s branches and trunk. Cankers girdle a tree’s branches and trunk, causing them to bulge and leak resin. The girdle reduces the flow of nutrients, weakening the trunk so that it eventually snaps in two like a broken pencil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many snapped and fallen trees in Tomales Bay State Park, as well as in Inverness, a small unincorporated community nestled between the state park and Tomales Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cleaning up after the pines\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To fully appreciate the largest and oldest remaining bishop pine forests, hikers can take the Johnstone Trail in Tomales Bay State Park. There, they’ll pass through the trees and other vegetation still coated in dew from the coastal fog and walk up the low hills to views of Tomales Bay glistening in the distance — views snatched between the trunks of bishop pines now a hundred feet tall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While hiking the trail, it’s more or less a matter of time before one runs into local Emmanuel Serriere while he’s cleaning up the tangle of trunks and branches that happen when a massive tree falls and takes down unlucky neighbors with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serriere has cleared the Johnstone Trail of bishop pines and other trees for 14 years. It began when he retired next door and started walking the trail regularly. One day, the trail was blocked by a fallen tree. Instead of waiting for someone else to do something, he took his chainsaw and unblocked the trail himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001351\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001351\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BCHAINSAW_EMMANUEL_DONE_POSING4-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emmanuel Serriere clears the Johnstone Trail in Tomales Bay State Park. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serriere walks the trail almost daily for his own enjoyment, but he takes note of how to improve the experience for everyone: removing loose roots that he calls “widow makers;” filling in giant potholes left by mature root balls; and, of course, clearing fallen trunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state park works with multiple volunteers and staff to keep the Johnstone Trail open and safe for visitors, but Serriere is particularly active. He enjoys the labor, and more than that, he enjoys the experience of a pleasant hike, something he’s proud to share with fellow hikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serriere estimated that he’d removed over a hundred tree trunks from the Johnstone Trail. He often works with fellow volunteer Gerald Meral and coordinates with park rangers on particularly bad pile-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, you’ll know a Serriere tree removal when you see one. The evidence remains on the slowly decomposing trunks lying next to the trail — literally on each cross-section, where Serriere has recorded in big fat Sharpie the date when he cleared that particular fallen tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001347\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ACHAINSAW_TRUNK_DATED-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tree lies fallen alongside the Johnstone Trail in Tomales Bay State Park. Emmanuel Serriere clears the trail as part of his maintenance work and dates the trunks with a permanent marker as a memento of his effort.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px;font-weight: bold\">Suited to thrive\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, not all locals share Serriere’s disdain for the pesky bishop pines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Gaman, a professional forester who has studied the Tomales Bay bishop pine forest in detail, grows bishop pines on his property. Gaman said he likes that they’re indigenous and thrive under the right natural conditions. If they’re healthy enough, they can even overcome canker infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001350\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001350\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-WITH-BISHOP-PINE-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Gaman beside a bishop pine he grew from seed. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaman showed me a dozen mature bishop pines around his yard that he planted from seed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One does not simply buy bishop pine seeds. Gaman collected the pine cones himself. Even his 5-year-old bishop pines had little cones on them. The hard part was getting the seeds out. Bishop pine cones are sealed shut with resin. The seeds stay locked in these closed cones until a fire melts the resin so the cones can finally pop open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001352\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001352\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-BTOM-GAMANS-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDLINGS-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bishop pine seedlings growing in Tom Gaman’s yard. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaman extracted the seeds by roasting the cones in his oven, but wild bishop pines rely on wildfires to reproduce. Although wildfires often kill mature bishop pines, the heat also opens their cones, and the fiery winds distribute the seeds, which then regenerate into new trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since bishop pines require wildfire to produce, they happily increase the risk of wildfire as they age. The grove around the Johnstone Trail is full of dead trees, fallen branches, and dense mounds of dried needles. “Around here, you can walk through a bishop pine forest, and it hasn’t burned for so long that the litter can be a foot deep,” Gaman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This build-up of organic material stokes fears of an exceptionally big and fast-moving wildfire ripping through Inverness. Until that happens, though, the litter is actually a big problem for the bishop pines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001349\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001349\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-ATOM-GAMAN-BISHOP-PINE-SEEDS-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Gaman holds his collection of extracted bishop pine seeds. The seeds are locked inside pine cones held shut with pitch. Gaman opens the cones by roasting them in his oven. Bishop pines rely on wildfires to reproduce in the wild. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaman said that bishop pine seeds won’t germinate unless they’re down on what foresters call “bare mineral soil.” In 1939, a dozen years before Tomales Bay State Park opened, there was a big fire that cleared the land. The bishop pine forest we see today naturally sprung back after that wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the forest is 80 years old, and the dying bishop pines are being replaced by oak and bay. Without another wildfire, this indigenous bishop pine forest — the largest natural bishop pine grove in the world — will eventually disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Resilience of the forest, not the trees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gaman explained that it’s not because bishop pines are fragile. “There might be 40 generations of bishop pines in the life of one redwood tree,” Gaman said. “So bishop pines are resilient in that the young ones can burst onto the landscape after a fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beauty of bishop pines is that they make space for the next generation. While it’s a pain to clear fallen trees, it’s a chore that’s easier to appreciate after the full experience of hiking the Johnstone Trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001348\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001348\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240822-AEMMANUEL-WALKING-BISHOP-PINE-2-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emmanuel Serriere hikes through the bishop pine forest along the Johnstone Trail in Tomales Bay State Park. \u003ccite>(Lusen Mendel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After I watched Serriere clear a lower part of the trail, we hiked up to a ridge. First, he pointed out the fallen tree he’d cleared and marked with the trail’s highest altitude. Then he turned to the clearing that the dead tree exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we got new babies,” Serriere exclaimed. “New bishop pines coming up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12001163\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12001163\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/20240820_BISHOPPINES_GC-31-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bishop pine, visible on the center-left, can be seen from Heart’s Desire Beach at Tomales Bay State Park on Aug. 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes",
"title": "Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes",
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"headTitle": "Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3QhozaD\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is inspired by a question from Bay Curious listener Beth Touchette. She asked, “How did we end up allowing cattle in Point Reyes National Seashore?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]aturday, Aug. 28, 2021, brought a dramatic scene to the normally peaceful, windblown hills of Tomales Point in Point Reyes National Seashore. Dozens of people, from small children to older adults, hauled jugs of water over hills and through valleys only to dump their precious cargo into nearly dry ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were trying to keep the Tule elk that live on a fenced preserve alive during one of California’s longest droughts. In 2019, nearly a third of the herd died from a shortage of water and malnutrition — in part because they could not roam beyond the tall fence that contained them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Elk/Tule-Elk\">Tule elk\u003c/a> are an endemic species found only in California. They were hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, but have been making a comeback in places like Point Reyes. The elk are big, averaging around 400 pounds, and need room to roam and forage. But this herd is isolated behind the fence to keep them away from another animal grazing in the park — an animal that some environmentalists say is being given priority: cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Point Reyes National Seashore was established in 1962, it’s been a lot of things to a lot of people. To the general public, it’s a beloved park that offers beautiful coastline, lush forests and windswept grassy hills. To environmentalists, it’s a habitat worth preserving. To ranchers, it’s the land their livelihoods depend on. To the area’s Native people, it’s long been a homeland with sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, these competing interests could exist in relative harmony on the 70,000 acres that make up the park — but increasing demands on the land have caused things to sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-scaled-e1672874259984.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"A group of female Tule elk lounge on a green hillside. The rugged California coastline and ocean are visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How cattle came to graze on Point Reyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Point Reyes peninsula is the homeland of the Coast Miwok people, who lived here for generations alongside the Tule elk. When Spanish missionaries colonized the area, they brought cows with them. Although the missionaries were based in San Rafael, their cows would roam as far west as the Point Reyes peninsula. Later, when Spain granted the land to Mexico, rancheros divided up the peninsula and continued to run cattle. After the Mexican-American war, California changed hands once again to become part of the United States. In the chaotic transition period, the boundaries of the Mexican ranches on the peninsula were challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at some of the Spanish land grants, they literally said from the tree to the rock,” said Loretta Farley, a former park ranger at Point Reyes National Seashore. “So that’s really open to interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squatters moved in and settled on the land. The Mexican rancheros took them to court, but lost because they didn’t have the paperwork to demarcate the boundaries of their land. The legal battles were many and complicated, but when the dust settled in 1857, the law firm of Shafter, Shafter, Park and Heydenfeldt emerged as primary owners of the peninsula we now know as Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a series of tremendous fights we have beaten our adversaries at all points and, what is more, have humbled the strongest and the proudest of them,” \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/pore/hrs-ranching.pdf\">wrote Oscar Shafter (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"881\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map-160x221.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic map of the alphabet ranch parcels in Point Reyes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Shafter brothers divided their property into more than 30 sections and leased the land to immigrants flooding into the area from places like Ireland, Switzerland and the Azores, in Portugal. The Shafters named the ranches from A to Z, what we now call the historic alphabet ranches, and developed a flourishing dairy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was growing rapidly and people were hungry for the butter and cheese produced at the dairy farms. Later, when refrigeration was invented, the farms would also ship milk. At one point, the Point Reyes dairies produced more butter than anywhere else in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Shafter families sold some of their land to the farmers who had been leasing it from them. Some of those families are still operating beef and dairy ranches to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Home of the Coast Miwok\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many of the laborers on those early dairy ranches were Coast Miwok people who had been enslaved by Spanish missionaries, but returned to their homes along Tomales Bay if they were able. Their way of life had been completely upended, and now white ranchers owned the land and offered some of the only employment around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother was a ranch cook,” said Theresa Harlan. “My uncles worked on ranches as ranch hands.” Harlan is now the founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alliance4felixcove.org/\">Alliance for Felix Cove\u003c/a>; the cove is known as Laird’s Landing on maps. Harlan’s mother is Tomalko (Coast Miwok Tomales Bay) and grew up in a small wooden cabin here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My family would row a small skiff across the bay to get mail or supplies that they couldn’t make themselves,” she said. “They say it was a 30-minute row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harlan’s family was evicted in the 1950s by the white dairy farmers who owned the land at the time, Sayles Turney and James Lundgren. Harlan’s family tried to fight the eviction, saying they’d been there since the 1800s, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court. Her family ultimately lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-scaled-e1672872337625.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A couple stands below the porch of an old wooden cabin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theresa Harlan and her husband, Ken Tiger, pose in front of the wood cabin her great-grandfather Joe Felix built. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a historic site,” Harlan said. “This needs to be protected. This little house sits neglected. Why? Why? Because it was the home of Tomalko people, California Indian people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been pushing the National Park Service and the \u003ca href=\"https://gratonrancheria.com/\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, the federally recognized tribe with whom it partners to preserve Coast Miwok sites, to do more to explain and protect her family’s legacy here. In particular, she wants visitors to know that as recently as the 1950s Tomalko people lived here, but were pushed out, repeating the violent history of Indigenous people throughout California. This is family lore to her, not ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other Coast Miwok archaeological sites in Point Reyes, but many of them are kept confidential because they are sacred. The cabins in Felix Cove represent a more modern side of Native American history here, one that existed alongside the ranching history, which has already been designated as historic. Still, far fewer people know about Theresa Harlan’s family than about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/news/newsreleases_20181113_ranches_national_register_of_historic_places.htm\">historic alphabet ranches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From private ranch land to national park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, West Marin remained quite rural, with the ranches dominating local life and culture. But after World War II, when the Bay Area population was booming and demand for housing was high, real estate speculators started eyeing the Point Reyes peninsula for subdivision and development. Conservationists and local residents didn’t want to see that happen. They rallied together to advocate for a national seashore that would preserve the coastline for the public in perpetuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local U.S. representative, Clem Miller, was the primary force advocating for the national seashore in Washington, D.C. To achieve the dream, park advocates had to convince the ranchers to sell their land to the federal government. At first, many ranchers were adamantly opposed to the idea, but they also saw that if it wanted to, the government could use eminent domain to take their land, so instead they made a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the government was most interested in preserving the coastline. So, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_ea_goga_pore_1980_map_management_zoning.pdf\">divided the park into pastoral zones and wilderness areas (PDF)\u003c/a>. The ranchers sold their land to the government, but retained the right to ranch the land in the pastoral zones. It took years for the federal government to acquire the land, but by 1978, most of the ranchers had signed 25-year leases. At the end of the lease, the Park Service could decide whether to renew or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrangement made most parties happy. Conservationists were proud to have saved the area for the public. And the ranchers had earned a chunk of cash, while retaining the right to lease their lands from the government. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/historyculture/people_coastmiwok.htm\">The Coast Miwok, however, continued to struggle for recognition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original 25-year leases have long expired, but for decades the Park Service has renewed them on a five-year basis. This longevity has made the ranches an important part of the economy and culture of West Marin, as well as key players in the local organic food scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recent controversies challenge the status quo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the National Park Service, which manages Point Reyes National Seashore, started a public process to update its Ranch Comprehensive Management Plan. Environmental groups watching the process believed the Park Service was heading down a road that would give ranchers more of what they wanted, without considering the rest of the park’s needs. So in 2016, a coalition of environmental groups sued the Park Service. They pointed out that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/upload/planning_gmp_1980.pdf\">Point Reyes General Management Plan (PDF)\u003c/a>, the document that governs park activities, hadn’t been updated since 1980. Awareness of sensitive habitats, endangered species, climate change and the impacts of cattle on ecosystems had evolved since then, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties came to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_ranch_cmp_settlement_agreement_final_170714.pdf\">court-approved settlement agreement (PDF)\u003c/a> that required the Park Service to amend its general management plan with an emphasis on the 28,000 acres affected by ranching activities. They had to come up with several scenarios, including one that would eliminate all ranching from the park. They also had to detail the environmental impacts of their preferred option, which involved several rounds of public comment and a presentation before the California Coastal Commission, which safeguards the state’s coastline and is concerned with the health of the waterways that run into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs that say \"Save the Elk\" and \"Protect the Herd.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People protest the National Park Service over a plan to cull Tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. \u003ccite>(Peg Hunter/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, in public comment and through advocacy, environmentalists have argued that it’s time for cattle ranching to end in Point Reyes National Seashore. They say cattle suppress endemic plant species and endanger protected animals like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_red-legged_frog/index.html\">California red-legged frog\u003c/a> when their manure gets into waterways. And, they’re concerned that as climate change worsens, drier conditions will be the norm, further upsetting ecosystems. If water and grass are scarce in Point Reyes, they say, it should go to the endemic flora and fauna, not cattle raised by private businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the matter are the Tule elk, which have no natural predators now that grizzly bears no longer roam the area. Current management practices used throughout the state call for \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=162912&inline\">lethal termination to keep herd sizes in check (PDF)\u003c/a>. But in the 1990s, the Park Service got major pushback from the public when they proposed killing some of the Tule elk behind the fence once their numbers had grown too large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in 1998, the Park Service moved some of the elk from behind the fence to a wilderness area near Limantour Beach. In the early 2000s, some of those elk migrated to an area near Drakes Beach, creating another herd.* These free-roaming herds have increasingly created problems for the ranchers, knocking down fences and competing for the same grass cattle eat. The Park Service has said it will actively keep these unfenced herds at specific sizes, terminating elk if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the ’70s, the Park Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The elk situation has increasingly called attention to the Park Service’s management of the national seashore. Some Bay Area residents, like our question-asker this week, Beth Touchette, are wondering whether ranching is still appropriate there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cattle ranching] never really bothered me until the drought got really bad,” she said. “There’s just limited resources and it’s like, well, how do we decide who gets this limited water? Should it be cattle ranching or should it be trying to keep the wildlife in the national park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching advocates and the National Park Service say the issue needn’t be so cut-and-dried. While they admit they do need to plan for more extreme dry conditions in the future, they contend there are ways for the agency to balance ecological diversity with the direction from Congress and the Department of the Interior to continue to grant leases to ranchers. They say they are committed to more monitoring and regulation of the ranches in the park to ensure high environmental standards are met. In public comment, the ranchers also have committed to complying with environmental requirements. The Secretary of the interior could decide to end the decades long agreement, but so far each one, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/office-of-the-secretary\">the current Secretary Deb Haaland,\u003c/a> have not chosen to exercise that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All eyes on what’s next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>History is at the heart of the debate about the future of Point Reyes National Seashore. The Coast Miwok were pushed off this land by Spanish colonizers, and again by ranchers decades later. Environmentalists and ranchers once found middle ground to create this 70,000-acre park. That ground has gotten shaky. How and if the Park Service can balance the interests of all parties going forward is yet to be seen. But the economic future of part of the community, the health of the environment and the very spirit of this land are at stake. Everyone will be watching what happens here next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story said the NPS created the Drakes Bay herd, when in fact the second herd was a product of the original elk migrating to a new area. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Visitors searching for tule elk in Point Reyes are sometimes surprised to find cattle grazing on commercial ranches. This week on we explore the legacy of ranching on this land, and hear from those who want it to end.",
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"title": "Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3QhozaD\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is inspired by a question from Bay Curious listener Beth Touchette. She asked, “How did we end up allowing cattle in Point Reyes National Seashore?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>aturday, Aug. 28, 2021, brought a dramatic scene to the normally peaceful, windblown hills of Tomales Point in Point Reyes National Seashore. Dozens of people, from small children to older adults, hauled jugs of water over hills and through valleys only to dump their precious cargo into nearly dry ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were trying to keep the Tule elk that live on a fenced preserve alive during one of California’s longest droughts. In 2019, nearly a third of the herd died from a shortage of water and malnutrition — in part because they could not roam beyond the tall fence that contained them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Elk/Tule-Elk\">Tule elk\u003c/a> are an endemic species found only in California. They were hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, but have been making a comeback in places like Point Reyes. The elk are big, averaging around 400 pounds, and need room to roam and forage. But this herd is isolated behind the fence to keep them away from another animal grazing in the park — an animal that some environmentalists say is being given priority: cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Point Reyes National Seashore was established in 1962, it’s been a lot of things to a lot of people. To the general public, it’s a beloved park that offers beautiful coastline, lush forests and windswept grassy hills. To environmentalists, it’s a habitat worth preserving. To ranchers, it’s the land their livelihoods depend on. To the area’s Native people, it’s long been a homeland with sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, these competing interests could exist in relative harmony on the 70,000 acres that make up the park — but increasing demands on the land have caused things to sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-scaled-e1672874259984.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"A group of female Tule elk lounge on a green hillside. The rugged California coastline and ocean are visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How cattle came to graze on Point Reyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Point Reyes peninsula is the homeland of the Coast Miwok people, who lived here for generations alongside the Tule elk. When Spanish missionaries colonized the area, they brought cows with them. Although the missionaries were based in San Rafael, their cows would roam as far west as the Point Reyes peninsula. Later, when Spain granted the land to Mexico, rancheros divided up the peninsula and continued to run cattle. After the Mexican-American war, California changed hands once again to become part of the United States. In the chaotic transition period, the boundaries of the Mexican ranches on the peninsula were challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at some of the Spanish land grants, they literally said from the tree to the rock,” said Loretta Farley, a former park ranger at Point Reyes National Seashore. “So that’s really open to interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squatters moved in and settled on the land. The Mexican rancheros took them to court, but lost because they didn’t have the paperwork to demarcate the boundaries of their land. The legal battles were many and complicated, but when the dust settled in 1857, the law firm of Shafter, Shafter, Park and Heydenfeldt emerged as primary owners of the peninsula we now know as Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a series of tremendous fights we have beaten our adversaries at all points and, what is more, have humbled the strongest and the proudest of them,” \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/pore/hrs-ranching.pdf\">wrote Oscar Shafter (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"881\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map-160x221.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic map of the alphabet ranch parcels in Point Reyes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Shafter brothers divided their property into more than 30 sections and leased the land to immigrants flooding into the area from places like Ireland, Switzerland and the Azores, in Portugal. The Shafters named the ranches from A to Z, what we now call the historic alphabet ranches, and developed a flourishing dairy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was growing rapidly and people were hungry for the butter and cheese produced at the dairy farms. Later, when refrigeration was invented, the farms would also ship milk. At one point, the Point Reyes dairies produced more butter than anywhere else in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Shafter families sold some of their land to the farmers who had been leasing it from them. Some of those families are still operating beef and dairy ranches to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Home of the Coast Miwok\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many of the laborers on those early dairy ranches were Coast Miwok people who had been enslaved by Spanish missionaries, but returned to their homes along Tomales Bay if they were able. Their way of life had been completely upended, and now white ranchers owned the land and offered some of the only employment around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother was a ranch cook,” said Theresa Harlan. “My uncles worked on ranches as ranch hands.” Harlan is now the founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alliance4felixcove.org/\">Alliance for Felix Cove\u003c/a>; the cove is known as Laird’s Landing on maps. Harlan’s mother is Tomalko (Coast Miwok Tomales Bay) and grew up in a small wooden cabin here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My family would row a small skiff across the bay to get mail or supplies that they couldn’t make themselves,” she said. “They say it was a 30-minute row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harlan’s family was evicted in the 1950s by the white dairy farmers who owned the land at the time, Sayles Turney and James Lundgren. Harlan’s family tried to fight the eviction, saying they’d been there since the 1800s, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court. Her family ultimately lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-scaled-e1672872337625.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A couple stands below the porch of an old wooden cabin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theresa Harlan and her husband, Ken Tiger, pose in front of the wood cabin her great-grandfather Joe Felix built. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a historic site,” Harlan said. “This needs to be protected. This little house sits neglected. Why? Why? Because it was the home of Tomalko people, California Indian people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been pushing the National Park Service and the \u003ca href=\"https://gratonrancheria.com/\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, the federally recognized tribe with whom it partners to preserve Coast Miwok sites, to do more to explain and protect her family’s legacy here. In particular, she wants visitors to know that as recently as the 1950s Tomalko people lived here, but were pushed out, repeating the violent history of Indigenous people throughout California. This is family lore to her, not ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other Coast Miwok archaeological sites in Point Reyes, but many of them are kept confidential because they are sacred. The cabins in Felix Cove represent a more modern side of Native American history here, one that existed alongside the ranching history, which has already been designated as historic. Still, far fewer people know about Theresa Harlan’s family than about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/news/newsreleases_20181113_ranches_national_register_of_historic_places.htm\">historic alphabet ranches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From private ranch land to national park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, West Marin remained quite rural, with the ranches dominating local life and culture. But after World War II, when the Bay Area population was booming and demand for housing was high, real estate speculators started eyeing the Point Reyes peninsula for subdivision and development. Conservationists and local residents didn’t want to see that happen. They rallied together to advocate for a national seashore that would preserve the coastline for the public in perpetuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local U.S. representative, Clem Miller, was the primary force advocating for the national seashore in Washington, D.C. To achieve the dream, park advocates had to convince the ranchers to sell their land to the federal government. At first, many ranchers were adamantly opposed to the idea, but they also saw that if it wanted to, the government could use eminent domain to take their land, so instead they made a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the government was most interested in preserving the coastline. So, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_ea_goga_pore_1980_map_management_zoning.pdf\">divided the park into pastoral zones and wilderness areas (PDF)\u003c/a>. The ranchers sold their land to the government, but retained the right to ranch the land in the pastoral zones. It took years for the federal government to acquire the land, but by 1978, most of the ranchers had signed 25-year leases. At the end of the lease, the Park Service could decide whether to renew or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrangement made most parties happy. Conservationists were proud to have saved the area for the public. And the ranchers had earned a chunk of cash, while retaining the right to lease their lands from the government. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/historyculture/people_coastmiwok.htm\">The Coast Miwok, however, continued to struggle for recognition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original 25-year leases have long expired, but for decades the Park Service has renewed them on a five-year basis. This longevity has made the ranches an important part of the economy and culture of West Marin, as well as key players in the local organic food scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recent controversies challenge the status quo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the National Park Service, which manages Point Reyes National Seashore, started a public process to update its Ranch Comprehensive Management Plan. Environmental groups watching the process believed the Park Service was heading down a road that would give ranchers more of what they wanted, without considering the rest of the park’s needs. So in 2016, a coalition of environmental groups sued the Park Service. They pointed out that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/upload/planning_gmp_1980.pdf\">Point Reyes General Management Plan (PDF)\u003c/a>, the document that governs park activities, hadn’t been updated since 1980. Awareness of sensitive habitats, endangered species, climate change and the impacts of cattle on ecosystems had evolved since then, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties came to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_ranch_cmp_settlement_agreement_final_170714.pdf\">court-approved settlement agreement (PDF)\u003c/a> that required the Park Service to amend its general management plan with an emphasis on the 28,000 acres affected by ranching activities. They had to come up with several scenarios, including one that would eliminate all ranching from the park. They also had to detail the environmental impacts of their preferred option, which involved several rounds of public comment and a presentation before the California Coastal Commission, which safeguards the state’s coastline and is concerned with the health of the waterways that run into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs that say \"Save the Elk\" and \"Protect the Herd.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People protest the National Park Service over a plan to cull Tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. \u003ccite>(Peg Hunter/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, in public comment and through advocacy, environmentalists have argued that it’s time for cattle ranching to end in Point Reyes National Seashore. They say cattle suppress endemic plant species and endanger protected animals like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_red-legged_frog/index.html\">California red-legged frog\u003c/a> when their manure gets into waterways. And, they’re concerned that as climate change worsens, drier conditions will be the norm, further upsetting ecosystems. If water and grass are scarce in Point Reyes, they say, it should go to the endemic flora and fauna, not cattle raised by private businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the matter are the Tule elk, which have no natural predators now that grizzly bears no longer roam the area. Current management practices used throughout the state call for \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=162912&inline\">lethal termination to keep herd sizes in check (PDF)\u003c/a>. But in the 1990s, the Park Service got major pushback from the public when they proposed killing some of the Tule elk behind the fence once their numbers had grown too large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in 1998, the Park Service moved some of the elk from behind the fence to a wilderness area near Limantour Beach. In the early 2000s, some of those elk migrated to an area near Drakes Beach, creating another herd.* These free-roaming herds have increasingly created problems for the ranchers, knocking down fences and competing for the same grass cattle eat. The Park Service has said it will actively keep these unfenced herds at specific sizes, terminating elk if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the ’70s, the Park Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The elk situation has increasingly called attention to the Park Service’s management of the national seashore. Some Bay Area residents, like our question-asker this week, Beth Touchette, are wondering whether ranching is still appropriate there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cattle ranching] never really bothered me until the drought got really bad,” she said. “There’s just limited resources and it’s like, well, how do we decide who gets this limited water? Should it be cattle ranching or should it be trying to keep the wildlife in the national park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching advocates and the National Park Service say the issue needn’t be so cut-and-dried. While they admit they do need to plan for more extreme dry conditions in the future, they contend there are ways for the agency to balance ecological diversity with the direction from Congress and the Department of the Interior to continue to grant leases to ranchers. They say they are committed to more monitoring and regulation of the ranches in the park to ensure high environmental standards are met. In public comment, the ranchers also have committed to complying with environmental requirements. The Secretary of the interior could decide to end the decades long agreement, but so far each one, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/office-of-the-secretary\">the current Secretary Deb Haaland,\u003c/a> have not chosen to exercise that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All eyes on what’s next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>History is at the heart of the debate about the future of Point Reyes National Seashore. The Coast Miwok were pushed off this land by Spanish colonizers, and again by ranchers decades later. Environmentalists and ranchers once found middle ground to create this 70,000-acre park. That ground has gotten shaky. How and if the Park Service can balance the interests of all parties going forward is yet to be seen. But the economic future of part of the community, the health of the environment and the very spirit of this land are at stake. Everyone will be watching what happens here next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story said the NPS created the Drakes Bay herd, when in fact the second herd was a product of the original elk migrating to a new area. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dozens of tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore have died from starvation and dehydration in the last year because the animals couldn’t get past a fence that the National Park Service placed to stop them from competing for food and water with cattle, according to a lawsuit filed Tuesday against the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three California residents and the Animal Legal Defense Fund sued the park service in federal court in San Francisco, claiming it is being negligent and saying more animals will die if the agency is not ordered to provide food and water during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The National Park Service has a responsibility to protect and preserve these beautiful animals. The idea that depriving them of food and water somehow fulfills that responsibility isn’t just absurd, it’s undeniably inhumane,” said Kate Barnekow, of Harvard Law School’s Animal Law & Policy Clinic, who is representing the plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jack Gescheidt, environmentalist and plaintiff in the lawsuit\"]‘The knowledge that approximately a third of the Tomales Point herd of tule elk has already died from a lack of adequate water and forage is absolutely chilling.’[/pullquote]Point Reyes National Seashore spokeswoman Melanie Gunn said she couldn’t comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tule elk are a subspecies of elk native to California. The 700-pound animals, which were hunted to near extinction in the 1800s, were reintroduced in Point Reyes in 1978. Herds of the animals roam within a preserve at Tomales Point at the northern end of the national seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the lawsuit, 152 elk — more than a third of the population — have died since last year, and necropsies obtained under the Freedom of Information Act show that the emaciated elk died of starvation or dehydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park service announced earlier this month that it had installed three large troughs after many of the stock ponds and other water sources began drying up earlier than expected due to lack of rain. But that water was only accessible to one of four herds at Tomales Point, the lawsuit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fence was erected decades ago to prevent the elk from competing with the cattle that are permitted by the park service to graze on public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the biggest names in the Bay Area’s organic meat and dairy industry lease land in Point Reyes, including Straus Family Creamery, Bill Niman and Nicolette Hahn Niman of BN Ranch, LLC (\u003ca href=\"https://www.eater.com/2017/3/22/15027302/blue-apron-bn-ranch-bill-niman-acquisition\">and formerly of Niman Ranch fame\u003c/a>), and David Evans of Marin Sun Farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiff Jack Gescheidt, an environmentalist and artist, has been visiting \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/tomales_point.htm\">Tomales Point\u003c/a> for at least 20 years. He said the park service cited him after he took troughs of water to the elk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The knowledge that approximately a third of the Tomales Point herd of tule elk has already died from a lack of adequate water and forage is absolutely chilling,” he said. “I see these beautiful animals and want them to experience a healthy, happy, safe life, but I know that so many of them will die—through no fault of their own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dozens of tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore have died from starvation and dehydration in the last year because the animals couldn’t get past a fence that the National Park Service placed to stop them from competing for food and water with cattle, according to a lawsuit filed Tuesday against the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three California residents and the Animal Legal Defense Fund sued the park service in federal court in San Francisco, claiming it is being negligent and saying more animals will die if the agency is not ordered to provide food and water during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The National Park Service has a responsibility to protect and preserve these beautiful animals. The idea that depriving them of food and water somehow fulfills that responsibility isn’t just absurd, it’s undeniably inhumane,” said Kate Barnekow, of Harvard Law School’s Animal Law & Policy Clinic, who is representing the plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Point Reyes National Seashore spokeswoman Melanie Gunn said she couldn’t comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tule elk are a subspecies of elk native to California. The 700-pound animals, which were hunted to near extinction in the 1800s, were reintroduced in Point Reyes in 1978. Herds of the animals roam within a preserve at Tomales Point at the northern end of the national seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the lawsuit, 152 elk — more than a third of the population — have died since last year, and necropsies obtained under the Freedom of Information Act show that the emaciated elk died of starvation or dehydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park service announced earlier this month that it had installed three large troughs after many of the stock ponds and other water sources began drying up earlier than expected due to lack of rain. But that water was only accessible to one of four herds at Tomales Point, the lawsuit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fence was erected decades ago to prevent the elk from competing with the cattle that are permitted by the park service to graze on public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the biggest names in the Bay Area’s organic meat and dairy industry lease land in Point Reyes, including Straus Family Creamery, Bill Niman and Nicolette Hahn Niman of BN Ranch, LLC (\u003ca href=\"https://www.eater.com/2017/3/22/15027302/blue-apron-bn-ranch-bill-niman-acquisition\">and formerly of Niman Ranch fame\u003c/a>), and David Evans of Marin Sun Farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiff Jack Gescheidt, an environmentalist and artist, has been visiting \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/tomales_point.htm\">Tomales Point\u003c/a> for at least 20 years. He said the park service cited him after he took troughs of water to the elk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The knowledge that approximately a third of the Tomales Point herd of tule elk has already died from a lack of adequate water and forage is absolutely chilling,” he said. “I see these beautiful animals and want them to experience a healthy, happy, safe life, but I know that so many of them will die—through no fault of their own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post was updated at 6 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 5.6-acre grass fire is burning near the Point Reyes Lighthouse, according to the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews from Marin County Fire, and an air tanker, are working to extinguish the Point Reyes grass fire, said Christine Beekman, a National Park Service spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the fire was along the lighthouse’s access road, the good news is “it is burning toward the ocean,” Beekman said, away from the lighthouse itself. The fire grew from two-acres to nearly six acres since the morning but was 75% contained by the late afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was foremost on everyone’s mind, ‘how close was this to the lighthouse?'” Beekman said. But there are “no worries” that the structure is threatened because it is largely protected from the fire by steep and rugged terrain nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/WestMarinFeed/status/1310283697921298432\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of the fire is still under investigation. It is seemingly unrelated to the nearby Woodward Fire, Beekman said, which was \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/7062\">97% contained as of Sunday afternoon\u003c/a>. The still-active Woodward Fire began in mid-August and burned over the Point Reyes National Seashore southeast of the lighthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the raven flies, it’s about seven miles north and west of the Woodward fire. At this point, there’s no reason to believe it’s related,” Beekman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trails, beaches, campground, and other facilities within the Point Reyes National Seashore area south of Bear Valley Road have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/upload/map_park_closures_200910.pdf\">closed already\u003c/a> for the Woodward fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PointReyesNPS/status/1310294385628606465\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Point Reyes Lighthouse grassfire was first reported Sunday morning, it perhaps gained more attention on social media as the larger, 1,200-acre Glass Fire raged on about 60 miles to the east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Glass Fire has yet to be contained and continues to burn near St. Helena and the community of Deer Park in Napa County. For more on the Glass Fire, check out KQED’s full coverage \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11839923/napa-county-glass-fire-at-800-acres-smoke-and-ash-spreading\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The cause of the fire is still under investigation. It is seemingly unrelated to the nearby Woodward Fire, Beekman said, which was \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/7062\">97% contained as of Sunday afternoon\u003c/a>. The still-active Woodward Fire began in mid-August and burned over the Point Reyes National Seashore southeast of the lighthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the raven flies, it’s about seven miles north and west of the Woodward fire. At this point, there’s no reason to believe it’s related,” Beekman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trails, beaches, campground, and other facilities within the Point Reyes National Seashore area south of Bear Valley Road have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/upload/map_park_closures_200910.pdf\">closed already\u003c/a> for the Woodward fire.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>While the Point Reyes Lighthouse grassfire was first reported Sunday morning, it perhaps gained more attention on social media as the larger, 1,200-acre Glass Fire raged on about 60 miles to the east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Glass Fire has yet to be contained and continues to burn near St. Helena and the community of Deer Park in Napa County. For more on the Glass Fire, check out KQED’s full coverage \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11839923/napa-county-glass-fire-at-800-acres-smoke-and-ash-spreading\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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