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"content": "\u003cp>The Department of Health and Human Services announced Tuesday that it would cancel nearly half a billion dollars in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11933882/beyond-vaccines-biotech-is-booming-in-the-bay-area-despite-a-cooling-economy\">mRNA vaccine\u003c/a> contracts, including with a company based in the East Bay — a move that experts said was based on unfounded safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said the department would wind down its investments in the technology \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849045/pfizer-and-moderna-covid-19-vaccines-breathtakingly-effective-says-ucsfs-dr-robert-wachter\">first used to vaccinate against COVID-19\u003c/a>, experts called the move “frightening” and said it could hamper biomedical companies’ ability to prepare for future virus outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have we already forgotten this quickly what these vaccines actually did for us during COVID-19? How many lives they saved — millions of lives,” asked Dr. Abraar Karan, who researches emerging vaccinations against COVID-19, bird flu and other infectious diseases at Stanford University. “Actually, that was a proof of concept that we need to be investing more, not less, in this technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 22 pulled investments include contracts with Emory University and funding for a trial at Emeryville-based Gritstone, which primarily focuses on cancer research and was \u003ca href=\"https://www.biospace.com/gritstone-bio-announces-update-to-comparative-phase-2b-covid-19-clinical-trial\">granted HHS funding to test a new COVID-19 vaccine\u003c/a> meant to have longer durability and protection from existing and emerging strains of the virus in 2023. The company did not respond to KQED’s request for comment about what programs the cuts will affect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinations that use mRNA technology, like the Moderna and Pfizer shots that were rolled out to fight COVID-19 in 2021, protect people by generating a fragment of the virus to initiate an immune response in the body. They’re considered to be one of the best tools scientists have against fast-moving and changing illnesses — like those that cause pandemics — because they can be created and tested more quickly than older “whole-virus” inoculations, and can be altered more easily as illnesses evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11900064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11900064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-scaled.jpg\" alt='A small glass vial on a table with a label that reads, \"Moderna OCVID-19 Vaccine.\"' width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine awaits administration at a vaccination clinic in Los Angeles on Dec. 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Frederic J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite a strong body of research showing their safety and effectiveness, Kennedy and the Trump administration have repeatedly called the vaccines dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a video posted Tuesday on Instagram explaining the canceled mRNA investments, Kennedy falsely claimed that the vaccines “don’t perform well against viruses that affect the upper respiratory tract,” and said that one mutation in a virus can render them ineffective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karan said that Kennedy’s assertion, which has become prominent among a rising cohort of vaccine-skeptical Americans, is based on the idea that the shots are meant to prohibit respiratory illnesses entirely, and can retain full effectiveness long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not really the standard we use for any vaccines,” he told KQED. “We used to give people flu shots, and we would say, ‘This can help reduce the duration of symptoms. It can make it so that you’re not sick for five days, maybe for two or three days.’[aside postID=news_12045979 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-1668874864-1020x646.jpg']“It’s reducing the severity of severe disease — that was sort of the standard,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy also claimed in the social media video that the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines encourage the disease to mutate, and can be rendered ineffective by a single mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karan said that’s “fundamentally untrue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With RNA viruses, you’ve got a lot of mutations going on constantly, so vaccines need to be updated,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take flu shots, for example. The U.S. produces whole-virus vaccines for influenza, which contain dead or weakened strains of the virus, as opposed to the fragment isolated in mRNA shots, but “you still run into the same problem,” according to Karan. “We have to update flu vaccines every year as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Flores, the executive director of the California Immunization Coalition, said she’s worried that Kennedy’s history of comments about mRNA and other vaccines, coupled with the pulled funding, could cause more people to fear vaccinations in general, even when they’ve been proven to be safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the U.S. has already recorded \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/measles-outbreak-texas-rfk-vaccines-8cf4641b04731c713edb524ca943490c\">its highest number of measles cases\u003c/a> in three decades due to outbreaks beginning in undervaccinated parts of West Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028314\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-1020x717.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-1536x1079.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-1920x1349.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A CVS in Huntington Park on Aug. 28, 2024. \u003ccite>(Christina House/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Following the Texas outbreak, Kennedy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2025/04/07/nx-s1-5354900/hhs-rfk-endorses-mmr-measles-vaccine-stoking-supporters-fury\">endorsed the measles vaccine in April\u003c/a>, but he’s historically been skeptical of it and has been a central figure in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1997008/the-marin-town-where-rfk-jr-s-message-took-root\">rising movement questioning overall vaccine safety\u003c/a> and effectiveness. The U.S.’s overall vaccination rate against the virus has \u003ca href=\"https://hub.jhu.edu/2025/06/03/united-states-measles-vaccination-rate-declines/\">fallen 2.5%\u003c/a> since 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. is currently considered to have eliminated measles, it will lose that status if the disease continues to spread for a year without interruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s insidious,” Flores said. “Because [Kennedy] has this title and this platform … some people are going to hear it and other people are going to start thinking twice about [vaccines], whereas before maybe they didn’t have those doubts. How many people just won’t vaccinate now because of that creation of doubt that he’s planting?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its potential effect on vaccination rates, which are key to the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19\">herd immunity\u003c/a>” so often referenced during the pandemic, Flores is worried that cutting investment in new technology could leave the U.S. underprepared for future viral outbreaks.[aside postID=news_12044201 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/VaccinationsStory.jpg']The move comes just two months after HHS cancelled a more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/05/28/nx-s1-5414642/trump-vaccine-bird-flu-mrna'\">$750 million contract with Moderna\u003c/a> to develop a vaccine protecting against flu strains with pandemic potential, including bird flu. The deal was coupled with benefits such as the right to purchase shots for Americans ahead of a potential bird flu pandemic. For years, scientists have been warning that the virus that right now rarely transfers from person to person could mutate to be more infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mRNA technology that we had ready to go when COVID-19 started happening was because of all the research that was going on in the past,” Flores told KQED. “It just didn’t happen. It was already under study and use and investigation, and so this can set a lot of projects, a lot of opportunities, back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health and Human Services said in its announcement that its Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority division, which housed the mRNA research projects, would shift to focus on vaccines with “stronger safety records” and more “transparent” practices, including whole-virus vaccines — like those in flu shots — and new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how the divestment will affect overall mRNA research, though Flores believes it will be harder and more costly for companies. She and Karan both said that the latest mRNA booster shots tailored to emerging strains of COVID-19 should roll out as scheduled this fall, but how companies plan to research and develop future shots is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference in Alaska later Tuesday, Kennedy said work was underway on an alternative “universal vaccine” to protect against COVID-19 and the flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">\u003cem>Carly Severn\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 22 pulled investments include contracts with Emory University and funding for a trial at Emeryville-based Gritstone, which primarily focuses on cancer research and was \u003ca href=\"https://www.biospace.com/gritstone-bio-announces-update-to-comparative-phase-2b-covid-19-clinical-trial\">granted HHS funding to test a new COVID-19 vaccine\u003c/a> meant to have longer durability and protection from existing and emerging strains of the virus in 2023. The company did not respond to KQED’s request for comment about what programs the cuts will affect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinations that use mRNA technology, like the Moderna and Pfizer shots that were rolled out to fight COVID-19 in 2021, protect people by generating a fragment of the virus to initiate an immune response in the body. They’re considered to be one of the best tools scientists have against fast-moving and changing illnesses — like those that cause pandemics — because they can be created and tested more quickly than older “whole-virus” inoculations, and can be altered more easily as illnesses evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11900064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11900064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-scaled.jpg\" alt='A small glass vial on a table with a label that reads, \"Moderna OCVID-19 Vaccine.\"' width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257297-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine awaits administration at a vaccination clinic in Los Angeles on Dec. 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Frederic J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite a strong body of research showing their safety and effectiveness, Kennedy and the Trump administration have repeatedly called the vaccines dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a video posted Tuesday on Instagram explaining the canceled mRNA investments, Kennedy falsely claimed that the vaccines “don’t perform well against viruses that affect the upper respiratory tract,” and said that one mutation in a virus can render them ineffective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karan said that Kennedy’s assertion, which has become prominent among a rising cohort of vaccine-skeptical Americans, is based on the idea that the shots are meant to prohibit respiratory illnesses entirely, and can retain full effectiveness long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not really the standard we use for any vaccines,” he told KQED. “We used to give people flu shots, and we would say, ‘This can help reduce the duration of symptoms. It can make it so that you’re not sick for five days, maybe for two or three days.’\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s reducing the severity of severe disease — that was sort of the standard,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy also claimed in the social media video that the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines encourage the disease to mutate, and can be rendered ineffective by a single mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karan said that’s “fundamentally untrue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With RNA viruses, you’ve got a lot of mutations going on constantly, so vaccines need to be updated,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take flu shots, for example. The U.S. produces whole-virus vaccines for influenza, which contain dead or weakened strains of the virus, as opposed to the fragment isolated in mRNA shots, but “you still run into the same problem,” according to Karan. “We have to update flu vaccines every year as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Flores, the executive director of the California Immunization Coalition, said she’s worried that Kennedy’s history of comments about mRNA and other vaccines, coupled with the pulled funding, could cause more people to fear vaccinations in general, even when they’ve been proven to be safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the U.S. has already recorded \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/measles-outbreak-texas-rfk-vaccines-8cf4641b04731c713edb524ca943490c\">its highest number of measles cases\u003c/a> in three decades due to outbreaks beginning in undervaccinated parts of West Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028314\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-1020x717.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-1536x1079.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/FluGetty-1920x1349.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A CVS in Huntington Park on Aug. 28, 2024. \u003ccite>(Christina House/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Following the Texas outbreak, Kennedy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2025/04/07/nx-s1-5354900/hhs-rfk-endorses-mmr-measles-vaccine-stoking-supporters-fury\">endorsed the measles vaccine in April\u003c/a>, but he’s historically been skeptical of it and has been a central figure in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1997008/the-marin-town-where-rfk-jr-s-message-took-root\">rising movement questioning overall vaccine safety\u003c/a> and effectiveness. The U.S.’s overall vaccination rate against the virus has \u003ca href=\"https://hub.jhu.edu/2025/06/03/united-states-measles-vaccination-rate-declines/\">fallen 2.5%\u003c/a> since 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. is currently considered to have eliminated measles, it will lose that status if the disease continues to spread for a year without interruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s insidious,” Flores said. “Because [Kennedy] has this title and this platform … some people are going to hear it and other people are going to start thinking twice about [vaccines], whereas before maybe they didn’t have those doubts. How many people just won’t vaccinate now because of that creation of doubt that he’s planting?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its potential effect on vaccination rates, which are key to the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19\">herd immunity\u003c/a>” so often referenced during the pandemic, Flores is worried that cutting investment in new technology could leave the U.S. underprepared for future viral outbreaks.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The move comes just two months after HHS cancelled a more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/05/28/nx-s1-5414642/trump-vaccine-bird-flu-mrna'\">$750 million contract with Moderna\u003c/a> to develop a vaccine protecting against flu strains with pandemic potential, including bird flu. The deal was coupled with benefits such as the right to purchase shots for Americans ahead of a potential bird flu pandemic. For years, scientists have been warning that the virus that right now rarely transfers from person to person could mutate to be more infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mRNA technology that we had ready to go when COVID-19 started happening was because of all the research that was going on in the past,” Flores told KQED. “It just didn’t happen. It was already under study and use and investigation, and so this can set a lot of projects, a lot of opportunities, back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health and Human Services said in its announcement that its Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority division, which housed the mRNA research projects, would shift to focus on vaccines with “stronger safety records” and more “transparent” practices, including whole-virus vaccines — like those in flu shots — and new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how the divestment will affect overall mRNA research, though Flores believes it will be harder and more costly for companies. She and Karan both said that the latest mRNA booster shots tailored to emerging strains of COVID-19 should roll out as scheduled this fall, but how companies plan to research and develop future shots is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference in Alaska later Tuesday, Kennedy said work was underway on an alternative “universal vaccine” to protect against COVID-19 and the flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">\u003cem>Carly Severn\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A handful of large California school districts are facing a potential crisis in the coming weeks: Thousands of their students 12 years and older have yet to provide proof of vaccination, despite looming deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those districts include West Contra Costa Unified (WCCUSD), as well those in Los Angeles, Sacramento and Oakland. As of last Wednesday, for instance, only 33% of WCCUSD’s students age 12 and older had verified that they had received both doses of the vaccine, which will be required to continue in-person education there beginning Jan. 3.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"LaResha Martin, chief academic officer, West Contra Costa Unified School District\"]‘The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers.’[/pullquote]That means weeks ahead of the district’s mandate deadline, the status of about 8,000 students remains unknown. Students who aren’t fully vaccinated by then will either have to enroll in the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/bay-area-district-among-first-in-state-to-keep-distance-learning-even-after-campuses-reopen/647422\">district’s independent study program\u003c/a> or leave the district altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that many families simply haven’t gotten around to submitting their children’s vaccination status. \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">The state touts that more than 70% of children age 12-17 have received at least one dose of the vaccine\u003c/a>, but parents must still submit their children’s proof of vaccination to districts with mandates to continue in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"8\">But the sheer number of people holding out so close to the deadline is stoking anxiety among officials in districts like WCCUSD, who fear that their short-staffed virtual education alternatives will be quickly overwhelmed by an onslaught of unvaccinated students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"9\">“The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers,” WCCUSD’s Chief Academic Officer LaResha Martin told EdSource. Superintendent Kenneth “Chris” Hurst, at a school board meeting last Wednesday, said he no longer believes the Jan. 3 deadline for the vaccine mandate is tenable, and intends to propose pushing the date back, possibly to July 2022 to align with the state’s student vaccine mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the district is boosting its outreach efforts and hosting vaccine clinics. Martin laid out some options for dealing with the potential flood of independent study students: The district will continue trying to quickly hire teachers, and could propose transferring unvaccinated teachers to the virtual academy — although those teachers are not required to move to different schools. Currently, 85% of school staff have provided proof of vaccination, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"13\">Similar situations are playing out in other districts throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"15\">In Los Angeles Unified — which enrolls about one-fifth of California’s students — some 34,000 students have not yet complied with the district’s vaccine mandate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-12-07/33-000-l-a-unified-have-not-provided-proof-of-covid-vaccination\" data-reader-unique-id=\"16\">The Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a> last week. That’s more than twice as many students as are currently enrolled in the district’s independent study program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While noting that more than 86% of its eligible students have been vaccinated, the district on Friday \u003ca href=\"https://achieve.lausd.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=4466&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=114452&PageID=1\" data-reader-unique-id=\"19\">announced a proposal\u003c/a> to allow unvaccinated students to continue in-person instruction until the 2022 fall semester, at which point they would have to enroll in independent study if still unvaccinated. That proposal will go before the school board on Dec. 14.[aside postID=\"news_11896682,mindshift_58766,news_11895014\" label=\"Related Posts\"]In Sacramento City Unified, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/75-of-sacramento-city-unifieds-students-miss-vaccination-deadline\" data-reader-unique-id=\"21\">only a quarter\u003c/a> of middle and high school students turned in proof that they had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the district’s Nov. 30 deadline. That means more than 14,000 students 12 and older will have to potentially enroll in independent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"22\">And in Oakland Unified, about 40% of students 12 and older — some 6,000 students — have not yet submitted proof of vaccination, \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2021/12/02/oaklands-student-vaccine-mandate-starts-jan-31-what-you-need-to-know/\" data-reader-unique-id=\"23\">Oaklandside reported earlier this month\u003c/a>, prompting the school board last week to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-schools-delays-student-covid-vaccine-requirement-deadline\">push back the district’s deadline\u003c/a> from Jan. 1 to Jan. 31. About 1,000 of those students have qualified for either a medical or religious exemption, district officials said — an exemption not offered by the West Contra Costa or LA districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"26\">Martin, WCCUSD’s chief academic officer, said the district has been scrambling since the start of the semester to hire enough teachers to meet the demand for its virtual academy. Even before the pandemic, however, the state and county faced a district-wide school staffing shortage, which only got worse over the last year, after many teachers and other employees left the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"27\">“We don’t have enough teachers. That’s just the bottom line,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"28\">The district is actively hiring teachers for its virtual academy. But among the hundreds of applicants who have responded to the district’s job listings, Martin said, only a handful are actually qualified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"29\">She said the academy, whose existence preceded the pandemic, was designed as a year-round option for the handful of families in the district who wanted a remote learning alternative for their children. It was not, however, designed to be a state-required independent study option for the entire district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"31\">Teachers and school staff “are doing a whole reset, adding new students to classes, trying to reorganize their school,” Martin said. “It’s a constant revolving door, and that’s not what it was originally designed for. I would hope people are understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/thousands-of-california-students-still-lack-proof-of-vaccination-despite-school-deadlines/664510\">This story was originally published by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A handful of large California school districts are facing a potential crisis in the coming weeks: Thousands of their students 12 years and older have yet to provide proof of vaccination, despite looming deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those districts include West Contra Costa Unified (WCCUSD), as well those in Los Angeles, Sacramento and Oakland. As of last Wednesday, for instance, only 33% of WCCUSD’s students age 12 and older had verified that they had received both doses of the vaccine, which will be required to continue in-person education there beginning Jan. 3.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That means weeks ahead of the district’s mandate deadline, the status of about 8,000 students remains unknown. Students who aren’t fully vaccinated by then will either have to enroll in the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/bay-area-district-among-first-in-state-to-keep-distance-learning-even-after-campuses-reopen/647422\">district’s independent study program\u003c/a> or leave the district altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that many families simply haven’t gotten around to submitting their children’s vaccination status. \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">The state touts that more than 70% of children age 12-17 have received at least one dose of the vaccine\u003c/a>, but parents must still submit their children’s proof of vaccination to districts with mandates to continue in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"8\">But the sheer number of people holding out so close to the deadline is stoking anxiety among officials in districts like WCCUSD, who fear that their short-staffed virtual education alternatives will be quickly overwhelmed by an onslaught of unvaccinated students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"9\">“The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers,” WCCUSD’s Chief Academic Officer LaResha Martin told EdSource. Superintendent Kenneth “Chris” Hurst, at a school board meeting last Wednesday, said he no longer believes the Jan. 3 deadline for the vaccine mandate is tenable, and intends to propose pushing the date back, possibly to July 2022 to align with the state’s student vaccine mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the district is boosting its outreach efforts and hosting vaccine clinics. Martin laid out some options for dealing with the potential flood of independent study students: The district will continue trying to quickly hire teachers, and could propose transferring unvaccinated teachers to the virtual academy — although those teachers are not required to move to different schools. Currently, 85% of school staff have provided proof of vaccination, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"13\">Similar situations are playing out in other districts throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"15\">In Los Angeles Unified — which enrolls about one-fifth of California’s students — some 34,000 students have not yet complied with the district’s vaccine mandate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-12-07/33-000-l-a-unified-have-not-provided-proof-of-covid-vaccination\" data-reader-unique-id=\"16\">The Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a> last week. That’s more than twice as many students as are currently enrolled in the district’s independent study program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While noting that more than 86% of its eligible students have been vaccinated, the district on Friday \u003ca href=\"https://achieve.lausd.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=4466&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=114452&PageID=1\" data-reader-unique-id=\"19\">announced a proposal\u003c/a> to allow unvaccinated students to continue in-person instruction until the 2022 fall semester, at which point they would have to enroll in independent study if still unvaccinated. That proposal will go before the school board on Dec. 14.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Sacramento City Unified, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/75-of-sacramento-city-unifieds-students-miss-vaccination-deadline\" data-reader-unique-id=\"21\">only a quarter\u003c/a> of middle and high school students turned in proof that they had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the district’s Nov. 30 deadline. That means more than 14,000 students 12 and older will have to potentially enroll in independent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"22\">And in Oakland Unified, about 40% of students 12 and older — some 6,000 students — have not yet submitted proof of vaccination, \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2021/12/02/oaklands-student-vaccine-mandate-starts-jan-31-what-you-need-to-know/\" data-reader-unique-id=\"23\">Oaklandside reported earlier this month\u003c/a>, prompting the school board last week to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-schools-delays-student-covid-vaccine-requirement-deadline\">push back the district’s deadline\u003c/a> from Jan. 1 to Jan. 31. About 1,000 of those students have qualified for either a medical or religious exemption, district officials said — an exemption not offered by the West Contra Costa or LA districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"26\">Martin, WCCUSD’s chief academic officer, said the district has been scrambling since the start of the semester to hire enough teachers to meet the demand for its virtual academy. Even before the pandemic, however, the state and county faced a district-wide school staffing shortage, which only got worse over the last year, after many teachers and other employees left the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"27\">“We don’t have enough teachers. That’s just the bottom line,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"28\">The district is actively hiring teachers for its virtual academy. But among the hundreds of applicants who have responded to the district’s job listings, Martin said, only a handful are actually qualified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"29\">She said the academy, whose existence preceded the pandemic, was designed as a year-round option for the handful of families in the district who wanted a remote learning alternative for their children. It was not, however, designed to be a state-required independent study option for the entire district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"31\">Teachers and school staff “are doing a whole reset, adding new students to classes, trying to reorganize their school,” Martin said. “It’s a constant revolving door, and that’s not what it was originally designed for. I would hope people are understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/thousands-of-california-students-still-lack-proof-of-vaccination-despite-school-deadlines/664510\">This story was originally published by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Pfizer asked the U.S. government Thursday to allow use of its COVID-19 vaccine in children age 5 to 11 in what would be a major expansion that could combat an alarming rise in serious infections in younger people and help schools stay open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If regulators give the go-ahead, reduced-dose kids' shots could begin within a matter of weeks for the roughly 28 million children in that age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many parents and pediatricians are clamoring for protection for kids under 12, the current age cutoff for COVID-19 vaccinations in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration will have to decide whether the shots are safe and effective in elementary school-age children. An independent expert panel will publicly debate the evidence on Oct. 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech said their research shows younger kids should get one-third of the dose now given to everyone else. After their second dose, the 5- to 11-year-olds developed virus-fighting antibody levels just as strong as those that teens and young adults get from regular-strength shots, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While kids are at lower risk than older people of severe illness or death from COVID-19, the virus has killed children — at least 520 so far in the U.S., according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. And cases in kids have skyrocketed as the extra-contagious delta variant has swept through the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some parents will no doubt take a hard stand against vaccinating their children, many parents of elementary school students are eagerly awaiting authorization of the shots, after enduring 18 months of remote learning, COVID-19 scares, mask debates and school quarantines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are looking forward to regular visits with grandparents again, worry-free playdates, vacations and the peace of mind of dropping children at school without the constant fear they will get sick. Principals are hoping the shots will allow schools to stay open and return to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Staffiere of Waterville, Maine, said she can’t wait for her children to get vaccinated, especially her 7-year-old, who has a rare immune disease that has forced the family to be extra cautious throughout the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My son asked about playing sports. ‘After you’re vaccinated.’ He asked about seeing his cousins again. ‘After you’re vaccinated.’ A lot of our plans are on hold,” said Staffiere, a laboratory instructor at Colby College. “When he’s vaccinated, it would give our family our lives back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"covid-vaccines\"]Gib Brogan of Wayland, Massachusetts, said he is constantly worried about getting a call from his 10-year-old son’s school about virus exposure or infection, and he is hoping his child can be vaccinated in time for the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know our school district has careful protocols and procedures in place,” he said, “but every time we send him off to school, I’m thinking, ‘Are we going to get a phone call?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer studied the lower dose in 2,268 volunteers, age 5 to 11, and reported there were no serious side effects. The study isn’t large enough to detect any extremely rare side effects, such as the heart inflammation that has occurred, albeit very infrequently, after the second dose of the regular-strength vaccine, mostly in young men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Schilling, an elementary school principal in West Virginia, which ranks dead last among the states in the percentage of fully vaccinated residents, said she doesn’t think many parents will take their children to get the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she often hears them say they are more concerned about the effects of the vaccine than COVID-19, mainly because they haven’t seen any young children get dangerously sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some parents are all for it and getting it for peace of mind,\" she said, “but the majority of parents I’ve talked to will not be getting it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heather Miller, a mother from Dexter, Maine, said no one in her family of six is rushing to get the vaccine. She said she wants to wait for follow-up studies on the formula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not 100% against getting it eventually, but I kind of fall into the ‘not right now, wait and see’ category,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offering shots to elementary school children would be another big expansion of the U.S. vaccination drive at a time when many poor countries are desperately short of vaccines. The U.S. has just begun dispensing booster shots to tens of million of older people and other vulnerable Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the FDA authorizes emergency use of the kid-size doses, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will make a final decision, after hearing from its outside advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid mix-ups, Pfizer is planning to produce the lower-dose vials specially marked for use in children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moderna has requested FDA permission to use its vaccine in 12- to 17-year-olds and is also studying its shots in elementary school children. Both Pfizer and Moderna are studying even younger children as well, down to 6-month-olds. Results are expected later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me very happy that I am helping other kids get the vaccine,” said Sebastian Prybol, 8, of Raleigh, North Carolina. He is enrolled in Pfizer’s study at Duke University and doesn’t yet know if he received the vaccine or placebos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do want to make sure that it is absolutely safe for them,” said Sebastian’s mother, Britni Prybol. But she said she will be “overjoyed” if the FDA clears the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pfizer asked the U.S. government Thursday to allow use of its COVID-19 vaccine in children age 5 to 11 in what would be a major expansion that could combat an alarming rise in serious infections in younger people and help schools stay open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If regulators give the go-ahead, reduced-dose kids' shots could begin within a matter of weeks for the roughly 28 million children in that age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many parents and pediatricians are clamoring for protection for kids under 12, the current age cutoff for COVID-19 vaccinations in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration will have to decide whether the shots are safe and effective in elementary school-age children. An independent expert panel will publicly debate the evidence on Oct. 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech said their research shows younger kids should get one-third of the dose now given to everyone else. After their second dose, the 5- to 11-year-olds developed virus-fighting antibody levels just as strong as those that teens and young adults get from regular-strength shots, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While kids are at lower risk than older people of severe illness or death from COVID-19, the virus has killed children — at least 520 so far in the U.S., according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. And cases in kids have skyrocketed as the extra-contagious delta variant has swept through the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some parents will no doubt take a hard stand against vaccinating their children, many parents of elementary school students are eagerly awaiting authorization of the shots, after enduring 18 months of remote learning, COVID-19 scares, mask debates and school quarantines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are looking forward to regular visits with grandparents again, worry-free playdates, vacations and the peace of mind of dropping children at school without the constant fear they will get sick. Principals are hoping the shots will allow schools to stay open and return to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Staffiere of Waterville, Maine, said she can’t wait for her children to get vaccinated, especially her 7-year-old, who has a rare immune disease that has forced the family to be extra cautious throughout the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My son asked about playing sports. ‘After you’re vaccinated.’ He asked about seeing his cousins again. ‘After you’re vaccinated.’ A lot of our plans are on hold,” said Staffiere, a laboratory instructor at Colby College. “When he’s vaccinated, it would give our family our lives back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Gib Brogan of Wayland, Massachusetts, said he is constantly worried about getting a call from his 10-year-old son’s school about virus exposure or infection, and he is hoping his child can be vaccinated in time for the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know our school district has careful protocols and procedures in place,” he said, “but every time we send him off to school, I’m thinking, ‘Are we going to get a phone call?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer studied the lower dose in 2,268 volunteers, age 5 to 11, and reported there were no serious side effects. The study isn’t large enough to detect any extremely rare side effects, such as the heart inflammation that has occurred, albeit very infrequently, after the second dose of the regular-strength vaccine, mostly in young men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Schilling, an elementary school principal in West Virginia, which ranks dead last among the states in the percentage of fully vaccinated residents, said she doesn’t think many parents will take their children to get the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she often hears them say they are more concerned about the effects of the vaccine than COVID-19, mainly because they haven’t seen any young children get dangerously sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some parents are all for it and getting it for peace of mind,\" she said, “but the majority of parents I’ve talked to will not be getting it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heather Miller, a mother from Dexter, Maine, said no one in her family of six is rushing to get the vaccine. She said she wants to wait for follow-up studies on the formula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not 100% against getting it eventually, but I kind of fall into the ‘not right now, wait and see’ category,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offering shots to elementary school children would be another big expansion of the U.S. vaccination drive at a time when many poor countries are desperately short of vaccines. The U.S. has just begun dispensing booster shots to tens of million of older people and other vulnerable Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the FDA authorizes emergency use of the kid-size doses, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will make a final decision, after hearing from its outside advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid mix-ups, Pfizer is planning to produce the lower-dose vials specially marked for use in children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moderna has requested FDA permission to use its vaccine in 12- to 17-year-olds and is also studying its shots in elementary school children. Both Pfizer and Moderna are studying even younger children as well, down to 6-month-olds. Results are expected later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me very happy that I am helping other kids get the vaccine,” said Sebastian Prybol, 8, of Raleigh, North Carolina. He is enrolled in Pfizer’s study at Duke University and doesn’t yet know if he received the vaccine or placebos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do want to make sure that it is absolutely safe for them,” said Sebastian’s mother, Britni Prybol. But she said she will be “overjoyed” if the FDA clears the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pfizer CEO to Public: Just Trust Us on the COVID Booster",
"title": "Pfizer CEO to Public: Just Trust Us on the COVID Booster",
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"content": "\u003cp>Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla was confident in June about the ability of his company’s vaccine to protect against the highly contagious delta variant, as it marched across the globe and filled U.S. hospitals with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel quite comfortable that we cover it,” Bourla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just weeks later, Pfizer said it would seek authorization for a booster shot, after early trial results showed a third dose potentially increased protection. At the end of July, Pfizer and BioNTech announced findings that four to six months after a second dose, their vaccine’s efficacy dropped to about 84%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bourla was quick to promote a third dose after the discouraging news, saying he was “very, very confident” that a booster would increase immunity levels in the vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one hitch: Pfizer has not yet delivered conclusive proof to back up that confidence. The company lacks late-stage clinical trial results to confirm a booster will work against COVID variants including delta, which now accounts for 93% of new infections across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer announced its \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04955626?term=Pfizer&cond=Covid19&draw=3started\">global phase 3 trial\u003c/a> on a third dose in mid-July. That trial’s completion date is in 2022. Phase 3 results generally are required before regulatory approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident in this vaccine and the third dose, but you have to remember the vaccine efficacy study is still going on, so we need all the evidence to back up that,” Jerica Pitts, Pfizer’s director of global media relations, said Monday. The financial stakes are enormous: Pfizer announced in July that it expects \u003ca href=\"https://investors.pfizer.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2021/PFIZER-REPORTS-SECOND-QUARTER-2021-RESULTS/default.aspx\">$33.5 billion \u003c/a>in COVID-19 vaccine revenue this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Pfizer recently said that if a third dose couldn’t combat the delta or other variants, the drugmaker is poised to come up with a “tailor-made” vaccine within 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this has sown a sense of confusion about what exactly will work, and when. The pharmaceutical industry’s rush to recommend boosters for the public is “a little frustrating,” said Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and an adviser to the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration. Even if a booster is found to be safe, he said, the U.S. effort should focus on “vaccinating people who are unvaccinated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, decisions about boosters do not rest with vaccine makers, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pharmaceutical companies aren’t public health agencies. It’s really not theirs to determine when or whether there should be booster dosing,” Offit said. “That is the purview of the CDC.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the FDA ― the federal agencies overseeing the authorization of COVID vaccines ― said \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s-07082021.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in July\u003c/a> that fully vaccinated Americans do not need a booster shot. Currently authorized vaccines ― from Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson ― are working as they should: All three lower the risk of COVID severe enough to hospitalize or kill a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If hospitalization and death rates increase among the vaccinated, then it would be time to talk about boosters, Offit said, but “we’re not there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has added to the mixed messaging: Press Secretary Jen Psaki confirmed that the U.S. will buy an additional 200 million doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for inoculating children under 12 and for possible boosters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie Dean, a biostatistician at Emory University in Atlanta, said the confusion is not necessarily the fault of any one institution but rather that “there is genuine scientific uncertainty about how well [existing] vaccines work against the new variant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are piecing together information from observational studies, outbreak investigations and analyses of antibody responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many Americans ― especially those who struggled six months ago to find any dose, frantically using \u003ca href=\"https://www.vaccinehunter.org/\">vaccine hunters\u003c/a> and driving hours-long distances for their first jab ― the confusion has set off a feverish search for an illicit third dose just in case it’s necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I snuck in a dose of Pfizer last week,” Angie Melton, a 50-year-old mother of four, shared on Facebook. Melton received the one-dose Johnson & Johnson shot at a mass vaccination site in April and feared the highly contagious delta variant could infect her and, then, her unvaccinated 10-year-old son, who has asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After consulting friends and doctors and seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/26/delta-people-are-mixing-and-matching-covid-vaccines-over-concerns-about-variant.html\">reports\u003c/a> about mix-and-match approaches in Europe, Melton signed onto a local pharmacy site and made an appointment to get a Pfizer shot. She’s scheduled for a second shot as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to keep my family safe,” Melton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CDC advisory panel was set to meet Friday to consider updates on whether additional vaccine doses are necessary for immunocompromised people. A presentation about boosters is also on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/agenda-archive/agenda-2021-08-13-508.pdf\">agenda\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immunocompromised patients like Sarah Keitt, who has multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease, expressed relief that federal regulators planned to recommend a third dose. Keitt, a disability rights activist who lives in Connecticut, said her neurologist told her to get a booster even after she had received two doses of Moderna. On Thursday, she said she was eager to get another dose but still frustrated about a lack of confidence in how much protection it would offer.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Natalie Dean, biostatistician at Emory University in Atlanta\"]'There is genuine scientific uncertainty about how well [existing] vaccines work against the new variant.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone could definitely say there is a 95% chance you are protected” by a booster, Keitt said, “I would love it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite widespread media reports of so-called “breakthrough cases,” a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/policy-watch/covid-19-vaccine-breakthrough-cases-data-from-the-states/\">recent\u003c/a> data analysis by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that hospitalizations and deaths are extremely rare among the fully vaccinated ― well below 1%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit points to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7031e2.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outbreak\u003c/a> in Provincetown, Massachusetts, in which only four of the 346 fully vaccinated people infected with COVID were hospitalized, two of whom had underlying medical conditions. And no one died. “This vaccine still does an excellent job in the face of the delta variant at protecting people against severe, critical disease,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the effectiveness of the Pfizer vaccine against variants is still under debate. This month a new preprint study by the Mayo Clinic found that the product’s effectiveness against infection dropped to 42% from January to July ― as the delta variant’s prevalence markedly increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer and partner BioNTech announced they \u003ca href=\"https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/pfizer-and-biontech-provide-update-booster-program-light-delta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are developing\u003c/a> an updated version of their vaccine in Germany to target the genomic features of the delta variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the idea that a new formulation could work better is “mostly hypothetical at this point,” said Vaughn Cooper, a professor of microbiology and molecular genetics at the University of Pittsburgh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Vincent Rajkumar, a hematologist at the Mayo Clinic who closely studies his patients’ immune responses and antibody levels, said trying both strategies of using the current vaccine and testing a new version sounds reasonable.[aside tag=\"vaccines\" label=\"More COVID coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one hypothesis that if “breakthrough” infections are due to a drop in antibody levels, boosting those levels will be enough, Rajkumar said. But the more worrisome hypothesis is that the delta variant, or any other variant, might respond considerably differently to ― and be less threatened ― by the antibodies the current vaccine generates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So unless you boost [antibodies] with a vaccine that is specific to delta, it won’t work,” Rajkumar said. He said testing both hypotheses is the “right thing to do in the interest of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, though, the push for giving booster shots to healthy populations is premature, said Dr. Sadiya Khan, an epidemiologist and cardiologist at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. That’s because even if those already fully vaccinated do get a third dose or booster, the virus is still circulating among millions of unvaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The overwhelming majority of infections and hospitalizations and deaths are occurring among those who are unvaccinated,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Giving up on that greater strategy of vaccinating the population is going to lead to continued surges,” she said. “The potential for harm is quite large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News editor Arthur Allen contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/morning-briefing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Subscribe\u003c/a> to KHN's free Morning Briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla was confident in June about the ability of his company’s vaccine to protect against the highly contagious delta variant, as it marched across the globe and filled U.S. hospitals with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel quite comfortable that we cover it,” Bourla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just weeks later, Pfizer said it would seek authorization for a booster shot, after early trial results showed a third dose potentially increased protection. At the end of July, Pfizer and BioNTech announced findings that four to six months after a second dose, their vaccine’s efficacy dropped to about 84%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bourla was quick to promote a third dose after the discouraging news, saying he was “very, very confident” that a booster would increase immunity levels in the vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one hitch: Pfizer has not yet delivered conclusive proof to back up that confidence. The company lacks late-stage clinical trial results to confirm a booster will work against COVID variants including delta, which now accounts for 93% of new infections across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer announced its \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04955626?term=Pfizer&cond=Covid19&draw=3started\">global phase 3 trial\u003c/a> on a third dose in mid-July. That trial’s completion date is in 2022. Phase 3 results generally are required before regulatory approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident in this vaccine and the third dose, but you have to remember the vaccine efficacy study is still going on, so we need all the evidence to back up that,” Jerica Pitts, Pfizer’s director of global media relations, said Monday. The financial stakes are enormous: Pfizer announced in July that it expects \u003ca href=\"https://investors.pfizer.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2021/PFIZER-REPORTS-SECOND-QUARTER-2021-RESULTS/default.aspx\">$33.5 billion \u003c/a>in COVID-19 vaccine revenue this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Pfizer recently said that if a third dose couldn’t combat the delta or other variants, the drugmaker is poised to come up with a “tailor-made” vaccine within 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this has sown a sense of confusion about what exactly will work, and when. The pharmaceutical industry’s rush to recommend boosters for the public is “a little frustrating,” said Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and an adviser to the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration. Even if a booster is found to be safe, he said, the U.S. effort should focus on “vaccinating people who are unvaccinated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, decisions about boosters do not rest with vaccine makers, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pharmaceutical companies aren’t public health agencies. It’s really not theirs to determine when or whether there should be booster dosing,” Offit said. “That is the purview of the CDC.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the FDA ― the federal agencies overseeing the authorization of COVID vaccines ― said \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s-07082021.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in July\u003c/a> that fully vaccinated Americans do not need a booster shot. Currently authorized vaccines ― from Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson ― are working as they should: All three lower the risk of COVID severe enough to hospitalize or kill a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If hospitalization and death rates increase among the vaccinated, then it would be time to talk about boosters, Offit said, but “we’re not there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has added to the mixed messaging: Press Secretary Jen Psaki confirmed that the U.S. will buy an additional 200 million doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for inoculating children under 12 and for possible boosters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie Dean, a biostatistician at Emory University in Atlanta, said the confusion is not necessarily the fault of any one institution but rather that “there is genuine scientific uncertainty about how well [existing] vaccines work against the new variant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are piecing together information from observational studies, outbreak investigations and analyses of antibody responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many Americans ― especially those who struggled six months ago to find any dose, frantically using \u003ca href=\"https://www.vaccinehunter.org/\">vaccine hunters\u003c/a> and driving hours-long distances for their first jab ― the confusion has set off a feverish search for an illicit third dose just in case it’s necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I snuck in a dose of Pfizer last week,” Angie Melton, a 50-year-old mother of four, shared on Facebook. Melton received the one-dose Johnson & Johnson shot at a mass vaccination site in April and feared the highly contagious delta variant could infect her and, then, her unvaccinated 10-year-old son, who has asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After consulting friends and doctors and seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/26/delta-people-are-mixing-and-matching-covid-vaccines-over-concerns-about-variant.html\">reports\u003c/a> about mix-and-match approaches in Europe, Melton signed onto a local pharmacy site and made an appointment to get a Pfizer shot. She’s scheduled for a second shot as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to keep my family safe,” Melton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CDC advisory panel was set to meet Friday to consider updates on whether additional vaccine doses are necessary for immunocompromised people. A presentation about boosters is also on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/agenda-archive/agenda-2021-08-13-508.pdf\">agenda\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immunocompromised patients like Sarah Keitt, who has multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease, expressed relief that federal regulators planned to recommend a third dose. Keitt, a disability rights activist who lives in Connecticut, said her neurologist told her to get a booster even after she had received two doses of Moderna. On Thursday, she said she was eager to get another dose but still frustrated about a lack of confidence in how much protection it would offer.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone could definitely say there is a 95% chance you are protected” by a booster, Keitt said, “I would love it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite widespread media reports of so-called “breakthrough cases,” a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/policy-watch/covid-19-vaccine-breakthrough-cases-data-from-the-states/\">recent\u003c/a> data analysis by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that hospitalizations and deaths are extremely rare among the fully vaccinated ― well below 1%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit points to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7031e2.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outbreak\u003c/a> in Provincetown, Massachusetts, in which only four of the 346 fully vaccinated people infected with COVID were hospitalized, two of whom had underlying medical conditions. And no one died. “This vaccine still does an excellent job in the face of the delta variant at protecting people against severe, critical disease,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the effectiveness of the Pfizer vaccine against variants is still under debate. This month a new preprint study by the Mayo Clinic found that the product’s effectiveness against infection dropped to 42% from January to July ― as the delta variant’s prevalence markedly increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer and partner BioNTech announced they \u003ca href=\"https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/pfizer-and-biontech-provide-update-booster-program-light-delta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are developing\u003c/a> an updated version of their vaccine in Germany to target the genomic features of the delta variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the idea that a new formulation could work better is “mostly hypothetical at this point,” said Vaughn Cooper, a professor of microbiology and molecular genetics at the University of Pittsburgh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Vincent Rajkumar, a hematologist at the Mayo Clinic who closely studies his patients’ immune responses and antibody levels, said trying both strategies of using the current vaccine and testing a new version sounds reasonable.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one hypothesis that if “breakthrough” infections are due to a drop in antibody levels, boosting those levels will be enough, Rajkumar said. But the more worrisome hypothesis is that the delta variant, or any other variant, might respond considerably differently to ― and be less threatened ― by the antibodies the current vaccine generates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So unless you boost [antibodies] with a vaccine that is specific to delta, it won’t work,” Rajkumar said. He said testing both hypotheses is the “right thing to do in the interest of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, though, the push for giving booster shots to healthy populations is premature, said Dr. Sadiya Khan, an epidemiologist and cardiologist at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. That’s because even if those already fully vaccinated do get a third dose or booster, the virus is still circulating among millions of unvaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The overwhelming majority of infections and hospitalizations and deaths are occurring among those who are unvaccinated,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Giving up on that greater strategy of vaccinating the population is going to lead to continued surges,” she said. “The potential for harm is quite large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News editor Arthur Allen contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/morning-briefing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Subscribe\u003c/a> to KHN's free Morning Briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
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