President Donald Trump's surprising rise to the White House was fueled in large part by his hard-line stance on immigration.
He promised to end protections for children brought to the United States illegally, build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border and increase immigration enforcement.
Three months into his presidency, Trump has followed through on these plans to varying degrees, leaving millions of immigrants in California and across the country still trying to figure out what his policies will mean for them and their loved ones.
On April 21, The California Report Magazine produced a special edition highlighting the stories of four Californians whose lives are stuck in limbo as they wait to see what the future holds for them and their families in Trump's America.
Listen to the full special:
Sponsored
Living in Limbo: California Immigrant Stories in Trump's America
They came from Yemen, Guatemala, Macau and Mexico. Two came with visas; two came without. Their stories and lives are different, but they're all in limbo.
Maguiber was detained by ICE on Febuary 9. His wife, Yibi, is unemployed and now watches their three children by herself. Their 8-year-old, Kevin, is disabled and Yibi is worried about the financial burden her partner's detention is causing. (Erasmo Martinez/KQED)
Name: Maguiber (asked not to use last name while deportation case is pending)
Daniel Maher stands in front of a pile of recycling at the Berkeley Ecology Center, where he directs the fleet and mentors at-risk youth. (Bert Johnson/KQED)
Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her relieve stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy. (Ryan Levi/KQED)
Name: Olivia (asked not to use real name out of fear of deportation)
Home Country: Mexico
California Home: San Francisco
Year immigrated: 1999
How entered country: Crossed U.S.-Mexico border at age 10 without documentation
Reason for limbo: Uncertainty surrounding Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and whether her marriage will allow her to adjust her status
Saber Askar, better known as "Moe," stands outside his apartment in East Porterville in the Central Valley. He is a U.S. citizen, and he's struggling to bring his family to the United States from Yemen. (Vanessa Rancano/KQED)
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An estimated 7.9 earthquake rocked the San Andreas fault, causing the immediate collapse of many buildings in San Francisco’s downtown. That, in turn, began a fire that quickly spread throughout the city. It was a momentous day in the history of the Bay Area. Crucial records were lost in the blaze, and the event marked a dividing line in the historical record — pre- and post-quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, San Franciscans gather early in the morning at the corner of Kearny and Market streets to commemorate the event. People dress up in period costumes, trying to embody the historic moment. City leaders use the anniversary as an opportunity to remind citizens about earthquake preparedness and to celebrate first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Allison Pennell grew up in Berkeley and learned all the lore around the 1906 earthquake, so she was surprised to see something \u003cem>new\u003c/em> while perusing a catalog from the Legion of Honor Museum. Staring back at her from the page was a photo of a group of African Americans dressed in turn-of-the-century clothing, watching from atop a hill as San Francisco burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb087004q7/?brand=oac4\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983185\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of early San Francisco. A small group of African Americans turn to the camera as huge smoke plumes rise behind them.\" width=\"465\" height=\"649\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped.jpg 465w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped-160x223.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of African American San Franciscans watch the fire advance from Clay Street in 1906. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb087004q7/?brand=oac4\">UC Berkeley Bancroft Library\u003c/a>/Photographer: Arnold Genthe )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I just started to think about that photograph and what would have happened after the earthquake,” Allison said. “I know many people came over to the East Bay to set up an emergency situation over here. And so I thought, how did that work? Because you couldn’t probably, as a nonwhite person, go to the Claremont Hotel and say, ‘I’d like a suite,’ at that time. The discrimination was deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew that Black people had been settling in San Francisco since before the Gold Rush but had never before given much thought to how the discrimination common at the time might have affected the community’s ability to recover, access aid and rebuild after the 1906 quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m interested to know what Black San Franciscans did to survive after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and how they reestablished themselves either in the East Bay or back in San Francisco,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before the Quake\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A133093?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=e7446cdca8edd82a35cf&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=46&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=9\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983203\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Sepia toned photo of a nearly flattened San Francisco from 1906.\" width=\"600\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured-160x121.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View looking down California Street after the earthquake and fire of 1906. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 1906, many Black San Franciscans had already begun moving to the East Bay in search of more space, fewer restrictions and less expensive housing. Those who stayed in San Francisco lived in neighborhoods all over the city. Like other groups that immigrated to California during the Gold Rush, early Black settlers here were mostly single men who tended to live in hotels downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while societal norms were a bit looser in the fledgling city, there was still plenty of racism, especially when it came to employment. The best, most skilled jobs were reserved for white people, while Black residents struggled to find the most menial work. Accounts from the time describe jobs like errand runners, elevator operators, valets and hotel workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217449?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=8b7fbf8474525807d377&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1#birds_eye_container\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983189\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of two grand buildings collapsing.\" width=\"600\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906-160x129.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grand Hotel (left) and Palace Hotel on fire as carriages go by. Some of the better jobs Black San Franciscans could find at the turn of the 20th century were in hotels like these, where they could earn tips. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/The San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Trans-Pacific Railroad was built and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement\">Southern Pacific Railroad opened a terminus in Oakland,\u003c/a> more jobs for Black people became available working on the trains and in the station. That was another reason many families chose to relocate to Oakland. A community had started to thrive in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life Immediately After\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake and fire were catastrophic for all San Franciscans. And, as often happens in a crisis, people pulled together in the aftermath to help one another and to rebuild the city. It’s estimated that 80% of San Francisco was destroyed in the fire, and 200,000 people — rich and poor alike — were made homeless overnight. People of all backgrounds waited in long lines for basic supplies and sustenance, which added to the equalizing effect immediately after the earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A133547?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=6e0cba7e67868ea50c84&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=43&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983192\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of weary people waiting in line with empty containers.\" width=\"600\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After the 1906 earthquake, San Franciscans of all types had to wait in lines for basic necessities. \u003ccite>(San Francisco HIstory Center/The San Francisco Public LIbrary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Artist-in-residence at the San Francisco Public Library, tanea lunsford lynx, discovered \u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A48483\">a trove of oral histories from African Americans at the turn of the 20th century\u003c/a> and a few photos depicting Black San Franciscans during the earthquake and fire. tanea is a fourth-generation San Franciscan, so their roots go deep here, but they’d never seen or heard anything like this before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So even though my family has a deep history here, and even though we knew we were here, there hadn’t been photo proof that I’d seen,” they said. “And there certainly hadn’t been stories in our own voices about the experience of being here in 1906 and prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>tanea was inspired to create an exhibit that looks at how the oral history of one man, Aurelious Alberga, speaks to San Francisco’s present moment. Her poetry and interpretation are up on \u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">a website she created called “We Were Here.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of first-person accounts from Black San Franciscans who lived through the 1906 earthquake and fire. Their oral histories are archived at the San Francisco Public Library’s History Center in a collection entitled “\u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/qqXrCJ6PLruKXKK8FVA8XA?domain=oac.cdlib.org\">Afro-Americans in San Francisco prior to World War II Oral history project records\u003c/a>.” The histories were recorded in 1978 by Dr. Albert Broussard, author of \u003cem>Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900–1954\u003c/em>. The work was co-sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaahcs.org/\">San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983193\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1170px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983193\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white portrait of a young black man.\" width=\"1170\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious.jpg 1170w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-800x811.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-1020x1034.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-160x162.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Aurelious Alberga (1884–1988)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aurelious Alberga was born in San Francisco in 1884. He was a young man when the earthquake hit, renting a room in a hotel at the corner of Commercial and Kearny streets. His father rented a separate room on the floor above him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The Quake loosened one side of the building and it collapsed. Outside the building were big windows, which years ago had iron shutters that pulled in and closed over a little balcony. When the bricks fell down, they forced the shutters closed. The doors in those days used to open out, and the door to my room was jammed shut — I couldn’t open it, you see. So I made enough noise and yelled out for my father. And he came down the best way he could and pulled away the rocks from the hallways to make the door wide enough so I could come out.” — Aurelious Alberga\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983195\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217420?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=d274b845e2f43463a2a6&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=2&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=10\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983195\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of nearly flattened buildings, with people walking by on the street.\" width=\"600\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down-160x110.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk down the street, stopping to look at buildings that have been nearly flattened in the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the meantime, the city had started on fire. The water mains had broken, and they had no water, and no hoses long enough to draw water from the Bay. There’s nothing that could stop it. It just went ahead.” — Aurelious Alberga\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A209339?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=168622d42efe2632415f&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=4&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=19\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983197\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906.jpg\" alt=\"Dramatic black and white photo of a fierce fire burning behind the remains of a building.\" width=\"600\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906-160x116.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buildings burning on Market Street after the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon was a little girl when the earthquake hit. Her family lived in a two-story flat on Jones Street at Broadway. She remembers that the week the quake hit was Easter vacation from school, so she and her mother and siblings had taken the ferry across the Bay to stay with her grandparents in Oakland for the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“My father came over on the last boat before the earthquake hit, to my grandmother’s… I was so sure it was my fault because I didn’t kneel that night before I said prayers. I got into bed and then said my prayers because it was so cold. But I didn’t tell anyone that it was my fault the earthquake came.” —Elizabeth Fisher Gordon\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>When the aftershocks subsided, Elizabeth’s father wanted to go back to San Francisco to check on their house, but authorities were not letting people on the ferries back to the city. He had to get special permission to return to the devastated city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“And when he went over, he found out there was a whole lot of damage. But he was able to get a suitcase and put some things in it, never dreaming the fire would reach there, you know. And some of the things he brought were so insignificant my mother thought. I’ll never forget her repeating, “he brought \u003ci>that\u003c/i> book.” — Elizabeth Fisher Gordon\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth’s family stayed with her grandparents for several months after the earthquake until her father bought a plot of land in the Mission and built them a new house. She remembers many people in the Black community relying on friends and family for help during this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217433?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=8b7fbf8474525807d377&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=17\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983198\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of of a woman cooking on a cast iron stove in the street.\" width=\"600\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street-160x114.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People cooked in the streets or in their backyards after the quake because chimneys had fallen down, and it wasn’t safe to cook inside. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alfred Butler was a teenager living in Oakland when the quake struck. His father worked on the railroad and had more access to goods than most people in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“He brought a lot of food out from Chicago to feed these people, White people all around the neighborhood. And the people all knew the Butlers. We had to eat in the backyard; we built a stove out of bricks to cook the meals on, because they wouldn’t allow you to cook in the house. The Earthquake had knocked all the chimneys down, so we had to eat in the backyard, fry and cook as best we could. People were thankful for that food too.” — Alfred Butler\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A132890?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=f31fecf33ee6f0edcd0d&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=5&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=14\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983199\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP.jpg\" alt=\"Rows of white tent set up in Golden Gate Park to house refugees from the 1906 earthquake.\" width=\"600\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP-160x92.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Refugee camps like this one in Golden Gate Park were set up in parks throughout San Francisco to house the nearly 200,000 people who had become homeless overnight. The military managed the camps. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Butler visited San Francisco right after the earthquake and described it as mostly rubble. All the tall buildings had fallen down. But he said people were already cleaning up, and within a year, they’d started to rebuild. Many Black San Franciscans moved to the Western Addition after the earthquake, including his brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A134029?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=d11fd6bd47c32fd8a6e1&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=8&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=17\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983201\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of two men shoveling debris in front of burned out buildings.\" width=\"600\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding-160x130.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It is said that the bricks weren’t even cool before San Franciscans started rebuilding their city. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/The San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“My brother, right after the earthquake, he rented a place on Post near Fillmore. He got a place. He was just lucky. After the Earthquake, everybody moved on Fillmore Street. Businesses moved down Fillmore Street. All the business on Fillmore Street started booming. That’s where all the life was.” — Albert Butler\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By 1915, just nine years after the devastating quake, San Francisco had largely been rebuilt. City leaders hosted the Panama-Pacific International Exposition to show the world it had recovered. While many people left San Francisco immediately after the quake, not too long after the 1915 World’s Fair, World War I began. A wave of new migrants came to the Bay Area then and again during World War II. The Black community in the Bay Area continued to grow in the East Bay, especially as ferry service to San Francisco improved so people could easily commute to the city for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aB0eK5KO8k8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> Every year on April 18th… at 5:13 in the morning…. San Franciscans gather at the corner of Market and Kearny Streets to remember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Once again, you crazy folks have come together at this ungodly hour to remember and honor the memories of those hearty San Franciscans who survived being tossed from their beds 117 years ago this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>People come dressed up in period costumes…trying to inhabit the moment in 1906 when an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 brought devastation to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Wednesday, April 18th, 1906 5:12 a.m. A great foreshock is felt throughout the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>San Franciscans startled awake …only to see their city burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Fires rage and spread throughout the city. They are not stopped until 74 hours later. Many of San Francisco’s finest buildings collapse under the firestorms. Firefighters begin dynamiting buildings to create firebreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>But the fire kept leaping over the lines, traveling further west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>The Great Fire reaches Van Ness Avenue, which is 125ft wide, facing the decision to blow his city to pieces or watch it burn, Mayor Schmitz finally agrees to let the army create a massive firebreak in the hopes that it can stop the raging inferno. Friday, April 20th, 1906 5 a.m. The fire break at Venice finally holds and the westward progression of the inferno was halted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> It took more than three days to fully put the fire out. And then San Franciscans took stock. Nearly 80-percent of the city had burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>So if we can just have a moment of silence for those who died and those who helped with the city after the earthquake. (Silence) Let’s hear those sirens go. Here we are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> The Great Earthquake and fire of 1906 were devastating to everyone living in San Francisco at the time, including its several thousand Black residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Allison Pennell started wondering about how this community fared after the earthquake when she saw an old photo in a museum booklet. It showed a group of Black San Franciscans standing at the top of Clay Street, watching the fire burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allison Pennell: \u003c/b>And I just started to think about that photograph and what would have happened after the earthquake. I know many people came over to the East Bay, and they simply got into boats and got over here, to try to set up an emergency situation over here. And so I thought, how did that work? Because, you couldn’t just probably as a nonwhite person go to the Claremont Hotel and say, I’d like a suite. At that time, the discrimination was deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>She wanted to know more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allison Pennell: \u003c/b>I’m interested to know what Black San Franciscans did to survive after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and how they re-established themselves either in the East Bay or back in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today on Bay Curious, on the anniversary of the Big One, we’ll hear some first person accounts from those who survived the 1906 earthquake and fire. And we’ll learn how their stories are still inspiring Black San Franciscans generations later. I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SPONSOR\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Stories and photos of the devastation wrought by the 1906 earthquake and fire are all around us in San Francisco. But it’s less common to see or hear explicit references to how the Black community fared after the quake. Bay Curious editor and producer Katrina Schwartz set out to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound of elevators at the library\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> You can find all kinds of cool stuff at the public library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I was thinking like, where do where does the ephemera live? Where do the things live that we can’t touch? What are the less visited things of the library?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>tanea lunsford lynx was recently an artist in residence at the San Francisco Public Library,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>And then I found that there was an oral history project that had over 25, recorded oral histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>She was \u003ci>transfixed\u003c/i> by the voices of Black Americans describing life in San Francisco at the turn of the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: yea, we were here.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> Now, tanea and I are standing in front of a display case on the third floor of the main branch …busy library life bustling around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I wanted folks to kind of happen upon it outside of the elevator. So when folks kind of get out there, struck by the photos that many of us have never seen. Of the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>Yeah. Some people have seen some of the photos, like of the fire and stuff like that. What’s different about these ones?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>These photos are different because they’re featuring black American folks who were here in San Francisco at the time of the 1906 earthquake. So you not only see the plume of the fires, the smoke in the back of the photos, but you also see, black San Franciscans at the forefront of the photos who are, like, dressed very beautifully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>My name is tanea lunsford lynx. I’m a writer and artist and educator. And fourth generation, like San Franciscan on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>For Tanea, these photos were a revelation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>So even though my family has a deep history here, and even though we knew we were here, there hadn’t been like photo proof that I’d seen a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>As part of her residency at the library she began digging into the archives kept here and stumbled across an oral history recorded in 1978… of a man named Aurelius Alberga. A black man and a survivor of the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>And there certainly hadn’t been stories in our own voices about the experience of being here in 1906 and prior to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I felt a kinship pretty quickly. Because something about. Alberga’s tone reminded me of my grandfather’s voice and something about the quality of the audio is…Very appropriate for the time that it was recorded. And so you can, like hear the hum of the machine. You can hear like background noises, like I was I was automatically seated in someone’s house, like listening to them tell their stories. And it was that kinship, that closeness, that sense of intimacy that I was looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>October 22, 1884.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Albert Broussard: \u003c/b>Where were you born?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Albert Broussard: \u003c/b>What about you parents. Where were they born?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>My father was born in Kingston, Jamaica. May mother was born in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>He was very chill, for lack of a better word, about surviving that earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> Historian Dr. Albert Broussard recorded this oral history when Alberga was in his 90s. On the day of the Great Earthquake, Alberga was in his early 20s, sleeping in a room he rented at the corner of Commercial and Kearny Streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>Aurelius Alberga is asleep in his apartment, which most likely was an SRO, single room occupancy. And he lived there, and his father lived in the apartment above him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> My father was living there too. He had a room right upstairs directly over me. The Quake loosened and one side of the building collapsed. The doors in those days used to open out, and the door to my room was jammed shut — I couldn’t open it, you see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> He, like, yells for his father to know where he is, and his father comes down and helps him get out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> After escaping his small room, Alberga and his father go their separate ways. Alberga is worried about the man he works for who is blind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> Alberga’s job at that time is being a chauffeur for a man he calls old Metzger, who’s a man that he works for, who’s, like, wealthy, who’s a blind man. And, he develops this relationship with kind of like, caring for him in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> He lived on O’Farrell Street between Stockton and Powell. The whole front side of the hotel had fallen out into the streets and left exposed the rooms on that end. He was right there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> And so Alberga is like, oh my gosh, I hope he’s okay. And he gets up to Metzger’s apartment. And this man is sleeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> He slept through it all, which was a blessing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> After heroically saving Metzger’s life, he takes the old man to his mother’s house. Old Metzger is worried about savings he’s got stored in a safe downtown so he sends Alberga to retrieve the money. That errand takes Alberga all over the town and he watches as the city is destroyed. He recalls how the water mains were broken and firefighters struggled to contain the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> They had no water, and no hoses long enough to draw water from the Bay. There’s nothing that could stop it. It just went ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> It blew my mind that he could recall with precision the exact intersections of where things happened in San Francisco, particularly as a man of, like, more than 90 years old. Because I’m also aware of, like, yes, this was a trauma that he survived. And he was able to recall with such clarity where these things happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Alberga had lost everything in the earthquake and fire, his home, all his possessions. He bounced around the city, staying with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> One of the things he did say was that folks across like, race and ethnicity were really welcoming to each other as far as, like, inviting folks to literally stay in their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> I don’t think there were any people as friendly as the ole San Franciscans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> No one as friendly as ‘ole San Franciscans. People were dragging their trunks down the road, nowhere to sleep…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> People were dragging their trunks along the street and someone would come along and help them. They’d take someone in their house they had never seen before in your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Folks opened up their homes to people they’d never seen before in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>So that mutual aid and that care was something that Alberga named as something that was distinctly San Franciscan at the time, that it was a very friendly place at that time, particularly after this moment of crisis. And so that really stood out to me, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon was just a little girl of nine-years-old when the earthquake struck. Her family lived in a flat in downtown San Francisco. But by 1906 many Black San Franciscans had relocated to the East Bay in search of more space and less expensive housing. Her grandmother lived in Oakland and Elizabeth had gone to stay with her for the Easter holidays, just before the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>And my mother came over later in the week and brought the rest of the children. My father came over on the last boat before the earthquake hit, to my grandmother’s. I was so sure it was my fault because I didn’t kneel that night before I said prayers. I got into bed and then said my prayers because it was so cold. But I didn’t tell anyone that it was my fault the earthquake came.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Elizabeth remembers all the chimneys in Oakland falling down during the earthquake. As morning dawned, chaos reigned and authorities would not let Elizabeth’s father return to San Francisco on the ferry. He had to get special permission to go check on their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>And when he went over, he found out there was a whole lot of damage. But he was able to get a suitcase and put some things in it, never dreaming the fire would reach there, you know. And some of the things he brought were so insignificant my mother thought. I’ll never forget her repeating, “he brought that book.” (chuckles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Her father returned to Oakland where his family was — and their home on Jones street was consumed by the fire. Elizabeth says the family was lucky to be able to stay with her grandparents in Oakland until her father purchased a plot of land in the Mission to build them a new house. She says many Black San Franciscans tapped into networks of friends and family in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>The people from San Francisco came over here when their houses burned down and they took care of them over here. Red Cross, and they set up temporary housing and what have you for the people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Tent cities sprang up in parks around San Francisco…housing 200-thousand people who had become homeless overnight. People set up outdoor kitchens and cooked together. Tanea lunsford lynx documented Black San Franciscans among these scenes in her exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>The first photo that we see is a photo of two young black people, children who are sitting in the grass and you see tents and you see a clothing line up behind them, and you see a little stove for cooking as well. And this is a campsite that was set up in Golden Gate Park, because folks had lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>A PBS documentary called The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake paints a desolate picture of life in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Narration: \u003c/b>Standing in bread lines, meat lines, soup lines, any kind of a line became the central activity of life. Everyone had to do it. Soldiers made sure nobody cheated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And anybody not standing in line, was put to work rebuilding the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Narration: \u003c/b>It was said that in many places, the debris was not even allowed to cool, and bricks were pitched from lots when still as warm as muffins. Volunteers on the cleanup crews took up the refrain in the damnedest, finest ruins I’d rather be a brick than live anywhere else but San Francisco. The great cleanup had begun. Thousands of standing walls were torn down. An estimated 6.5 billion bricks were carted away or cleaned of mortar to be reused in new buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>People who lived through these times remember it as a swift recovery. Alfred Butler was a Black teenager living in Oakland at the time of the earthquake. He took a mule and cart all the way down to San Jose and around the Bay in order to see what had happened to San Francisco for himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls seeing a lot of rubble, and the biggest buildings knocked down. But over the following months the recovery progressed quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alfred Butler: \u003c/b>They built it up right away. In a year’s time, things were pretty well cleaned up. And then they started to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>At the turn of the 20th century, Black San Franciscans lived in neighborhoods scattered throughout San Francisco, but many single men were concentrated in hotels downtown…like Aurelius Alberga who we heard from earlier. Alfred Butler says after the earthquake, the Western Addition became the hub of Black life. That’s where his brother moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alfred Butler: \u003c/b>After the earthquake, everybody moved on Fillmore Street. All the businesses on Fillmore Street started booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>San Franciscans came together after the quake and people from all walks of life helped one another in that moment of crises. But the oral histories of these Black Americans who survived it show that as the city rebuilt, it went back to the de facto racism that ruled it. Butler says good jobs were still reserved for white people, while Black people struggled to find menial ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Albert Butler: \u003c/b>It was hard to get a job. Negroes, we had a tough time getting a job. A menial job like washing windows or running errands or something like that. Running an elevator or something like that. It was hard to get a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>For Tanea, the photos of San Franciscans living in tents, cooking outdoors, waiting in line for basic necessities are eerily similar to scenes on the streets of the city today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>When looking at these photos, I began to see the past, speaking to the future and the future, speaking to the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And as a Black person, tanea sees echoes of \u003ci>her San Francisco\u003c/i> in the oral histories she combed through. A small Black community fighting to stay in a changing city. The devastation of displacement and loss. But also the love of this place and the tenacity to survive. It’s all too familiar. Her poem “We Were Here” is an ode to the Black community in San Francisco, which stretches from the Gold Rush to now. Here’s an excerpt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> We were here already, living fantastical lives, already saving the best for the present, already studying the contours of the city. The bay knew us. This ocean was salted with our knowing already. We knew the feeling of firm ground. Before the shaking. We knew stability. The ground knew the planting and rising of our feet like a dance. We were already sending for each other, extending a fishing hook south and pulling each other up with calloused hands. We were already spinning tales about this mass of fog. We were already making home here. \u003ci>(fades under)\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>That story was brought to us by Bay Curious editor and producer, Katrina Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> But of course, we were here, living in our signature ways. Of course, when the earth shifted, we went looking for who could be lost in the cracks. Of course it made for lore. Of course we were doing the fantastical feat like a dance. The earth cracked open and we kept time, an offering of our survival. We kept on living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music fades out\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> tanea’s exhibit is no longer on display at the library, but you can see all the photos she used and \u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">read her writing on the project’s website\u003c/a>. You can find a link in our show notes or on baycurious.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks to the San Francisco History Center, part of the San Francisco Public Library for letting us use the oral histories in their archive. And to the San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society who co-sponsored the original oral history project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still time to vote in our April voting round. Here are your choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 1:\u003c/b> I was recently at the Morcom Rose Garden in Oakland and saw three different official Oakland signs that read, “No glitter.” I would love to know what happened at the rose garden to warrant so many signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 2:\u003c/b> Yesterday, I walked with a fellow science teacher on the Great Hwy. We commented on the blackish sand, made of iron filings. Where does the iron come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 3:\u003c/b> Who are the de Youngs? I think they have some crazy stories!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Vote for which question you think we should tackle next at baycurious.org. While you’re there, sign up for our monthly newsletter, ask your own question, or get lost listening through the Bay Curious archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Our show is made by:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Katrina Schwartz\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christopher Beale: \u003c/b>Christopher Beale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Katherine Monahan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>and me, Olivia Allen Price. Additional support from:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Jen Chien: \u003c/b>Jen Chien\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katie Springer: \u003c/b>Katie Springer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cesar Saldana: \u003c/b>Cesar Saldana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Maha Sanad: \u003c/b>Maha Sanad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Holly Kernan:\u003c/b> Holly Kernan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Crowd:\u003c/b> And the whole KQED family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. We’ll be back next week.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On the anniversary of San Francisco’s 1906 Earthquake and Fire, African Americans who lived through the catastrophe share their experiences.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713397394,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":139,"wordCount":5543},"headData":{"title":"Stunning Archival Photos of the 1906 Earthquake and Fire | KQED","description":"On the anniversary of San Francisco’s 1906 Earthquake and Fire, African Americans who lived through the catastrophe share their experiences.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Stunning Archival Photos of the 1906 Earthquake and Fire","datePublished":"2024-04-18T10:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-17T23:43:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC2571744994.mp3?updated=1713397061","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983182/stunning-archival-photos-of-the-1906-earthquake-and-fire","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 18, 1906, many San Franciscans awoke at 5:13 a.m. to feel the earth shaking. An estimated 7.9 earthquake rocked the San Andreas fault, causing the immediate collapse of many buildings in San Francisco’s downtown. That, in turn, began a fire that quickly spread throughout the city. It was a momentous day in the history of the Bay Area. Crucial records were lost in the blaze, and the event marked a dividing line in the historical record — pre- and post-quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, San Franciscans gather early in the morning at the corner of Kearny and Market streets to commemorate the event. People dress up in period costumes, trying to embody the historic moment. City leaders use the anniversary as an opportunity to remind citizens about earthquake preparedness and to celebrate first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Allison Pennell grew up in Berkeley and learned all the lore around the 1906 earthquake, so she was surprised to see something \u003cem>new\u003c/em> while perusing a catalog from the Legion of Honor Museum. Staring back at her from the page was a photo of a group of African Americans dressed in turn-of-the-century clothing, watching from atop a hill as San Francisco burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb087004q7/?brand=oac4\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983185\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of early San Francisco. A small group of African Americans turn to the camera as huge smoke plumes rise behind them.\" width=\"465\" height=\"649\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped.jpg 465w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Black-San-Franciscans-Clay-St-cropped-160x223.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of African American San Franciscans watch the fire advance from Clay Street in 1906. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb087004q7/?brand=oac4\">UC Berkeley Bancroft Library\u003c/a>/Photographer: Arnold Genthe )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I just started to think about that photograph and what would have happened after the earthquake,” Allison said. “I know many people came over to the East Bay to set up an emergency situation over here. And so I thought, how did that work? Because you couldn’t probably, as a nonwhite person, go to the Claremont Hotel and say, ‘I’d like a suite,’ at that time. The discrimination was deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew that Black people had been settling in San Francisco since before the Gold Rush but had never before given much thought to how the discrimination common at the time might have affected the community’s ability to recover, access aid and rebuild after the 1906 quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m interested to know what Black San Franciscans did to survive after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and how they reestablished themselves either in the East Bay or back in San Francisco,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before the Quake\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A133093?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=e7446cdca8edd82a35cf&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=46&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=9\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983203\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Sepia toned photo of a nearly flattened San Francisco from 1906.\" width=\"600\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Devestation-featured-160x121.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View looking down California Street after the earthquake and fire of 1906. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 1906, many Black San Franciscans had already begun moving to the East Bay in search of more space, fewer restrictions and less expensive housing. Those who stayed in San Francisco lived in neighborhoods all over the city. Like other groups that immigrated to California during the Gold Rush, early Black settlers here were mostly single men who tended to live in hotels downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while societal norms were a bit looser in the fledgling city, there was still plenty of racism, especially when it came to employment. The best, most skilled jobs were reserved for white people, while Black residents struggled to find the most menial work. Accounts from the time describe jobs like errand runners, elevator operators, valets and hotel workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217449?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=8b7fbf8474525807d377&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1#birds_eye_container\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983189\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of two grand buildings collapsing.\" width=\"600\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/palace-hotel-1906-160x129.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grand Hotel (left) and Palace Hotel on fire as carriages go by. Some of the better jobs Black San Franciscans could find at the turn of the 20th century were in hotels like these, where they could earn tips. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/The San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Trans-Pacific Railroad was built and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement\">Southern Pacific Railroad opened a terminus in Oakland,\u003c/a> more jobs for Black people became available working on the trains and in the station. That was another reason many families chose to relocate to Oakland. A community had started to thrive in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life Immediately After\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake and fire were catastrophic for all San Franciscans. And, as often happens in a crisis, people pulled together in the aftermath to help one another and to rebuild the city. It’s estimated that 80% of San Francisco was destroyed in the fire, and 200,000 people — rich and poor alike — were made homeless overnight. People of all backgrounds waited in long lines for basic supplies and sustenance, which added to the equalizing effect immediately after the earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A133547?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=6e0cba7e67868ea50c84&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=43&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983192\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of weary people waiting in line with empty containers.\" width=\"600\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/food-lines-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After the 1906 earthquake, San Franciscans of all types had to wait in lines for basic necessities. \u003ccite>(San Francisco HIstory Center/The San Francisco Public LIbrary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Artist-in-residence at the San Francisco Public Library, tanea lunsford lynx, discovered \u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A48483\">a trove of oral histories from African Americans at the turn of the 20th century\u003c/a> and a few photos depicting Black San Franciscans during the earthquake and fire. tanea is a fourth-generation San Franciscan, so their roots go deep here, but they’d never seen or heard anything like this before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So even though my family has a deep history here, and even though we knew we were here, there hadn’t been photo proof that I’d seen,” they said. “And there certainly hadn’t been stories in our own voices about the experience of being here in 1906 and prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>tanea was inspired to create an exhibit that looks at how the oral history of one man, Aurelious Alberga, speaks to San Francisco’s present moment. Her poetry and interpretation are up on \u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">a website she created called “We Were Here.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of first-person accounts from Black San Franciscans who lived through the 1906 earthquake and fire. Their oral histories are archived at the San Francisco Public Library’s History Center in a collection entitled “\u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/qqXrCJ6PLruKXKK8FVA8XA?domain=oac.cdlib.org\">Afro-Americans in San Francisco prior to World War II Oral history project records\u003c/a>.” The histories were recorded in 1978 by Dr. Albert Broussard, author of \u003cem>Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900–1954\u003c/em>. The work was co-sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaahcs.org/\">San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983193\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1170px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983193\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white portrait of a young black man.\" width=\"1170\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious.jpg 1170w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-800x811.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-1020x1034.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/youngaurelious-160x162.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Aurelious Alberga (1884–1988)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aurelious Alberga was born in San Francisco in 1884. He was a young man when the earthquake hit, renting a room in a hotel at the corner of Commercial and Kearny streets. His father rented a separate room on the floor above him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The Quake loosened one side of the building and it collapsed. Outside the building were big windows, which years ago had iron shutters that pulled in and closed over a little balcony. When the bricks fell down, they forced the shutters closed. The doors in those days used to open out, and the door to my room was jammed shut — I couldn’t open it, you see. So I made enough noise and yelled out for my father. And he came down the best way he could and pulled away the rocks from the hallways to make the door wide enough so I could come out.” — Aurelious Alberga\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983195\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217420?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=d274b845e2f43463a2a6&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=2&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=10\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983195\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of nearly flattened buildings, with people walking by on the street.\" width=\"600\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/buildings-fall-down-160x110.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk down the street, stopping to look at buildings that have been nearly flattened in the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the meantime, the city had started on fire. The water mains had broken, and they had no water, and no hoses long enough to draw water from the Bay. There’s nothing that could stop it. It just went ahead.” — Aurelious Alberga\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A209339?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=168622d42efe2632415f&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=4&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=19\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983197\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906.jpg\" alt=\"Dramatic black and white photo of a fierce fire burning behind the remains of a building.\" width=\"600\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/dramatic-fire-1906-160x116.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buildings burning on Market Street after the 1906 earthquake. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon was a little girl when the earthquake hit. Her family lived in a two-story flat on Jones Street at Broadway. She remembers that the week the quake hit was Easter vacation from school, so she and her mother and siblings had taken the ferry across the Bay to stay with her grandparents in Oakland for the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“My father came over on the last boat before the earthquake hit, to my grandmother’s… I was so sure it was my fault because I didn’t kneel that night before I said prayers. I got into bed and then said my prayers because it was so cold. But I didn’t tell anyone that it was my fault the earthquake came.” —Elizabeth Fisher Gordon\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>When the aftershocks subsided, Elizabeth’s father wanted to go back to San Francisco to check on their house, but authorities were not letting people on the ferries back to the city. He had to get special permission to return to the devastated city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“And when he went over, he found out there was a whole lot of damage. But he was able to get a suitcase and put some things in it, never dreaming the fire would reach there, you know. And some of the things he brought were so insignificant my mother thought. I’ll never forget her repeating, “he brought \u003ci>that\u003c/i> book.” — Elizabeth Fisher Gordon\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth’s family stayed with her grandparents for several months after the earthquake until her father bought a plot of land in the Mission and built them a new house. She remembers many people in the Black community relying on friends and family for help during this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A217433?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=8b7fbf8474525807d377&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=17\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983198\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of of a woman cooking on a cast iron stove in the street.\" width=\"600\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/cooking-street-160x114.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People cooked in the streets or in their backyards after the quake because chimneys had fallen down, and it wasn’t safe to cook inside. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alfred Butler was a teenager living in Oakland when the quake struck. His father worked on the railroad and had more access to goods than most people in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“He brought a lot of food out from Chicago to feed these people, White people all around the neighborhood. And the people all knew the Butlers. We had to eat in the backyard; we built a stove out of bricks to cook the meals on, because they wouldn’t allow you to cook in the house. The Earthquake had knocked all the chimneys down, so we had to eat in the backyard, fry and cook as best we could. People were thankful for that food too.” — Alfred Butler\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A132890?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=f31fecf33ee6f0edcd0d&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=5&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=14\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983199\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP.jpg\" alt=\"Rows of white tent set up in Golden Gate Park to house refugees from the 1906 earthquake.\" width=\"600\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/refugee-camp-GGP-160x92.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Refugee camps like this one in Golden Gate Park were set up in parks throughout San Francisco to house the nearly 200,000 people who had become homeless overnight. The military managed the camps. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Butler visited San Francisco right after the earthquake and described it as mostly rubble. All the tall buildings had fallen down. But he said people were already cleaning up, and within a year, they’d started to rebuild. Many Black San Franciscans moved to the Western Addition after the earthquake, including his brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A134029?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=d11fd6bd47c32fd8a6e1&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=8&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=17\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983201\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of two men shoveling debris in front of burned out buildings.\" width=\"600\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/rebuilding-160x130.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It is said that the bricks weren’t even cool before San Franciscans started rebuilding their city. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/The San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“My brother, right after the earthquake, he rented a place on Post near Fillmore. He got a place. He was just lucky. After the Earthquake, everybody moved on Fillmore Street. Businesses moved down Fillmore Street. All the business on Fillmore Street started booming. That’s where all the life was.” — Albert Butler\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By 1915, just nine years after the devastating quake, San Francisco had largely been rebuilt. City leaders hosted the Panama-Pacific International Exposition to show the world it had recovered. While many people left San Francisco immediately after the quake, not too long after the 1915 World’s Fair, World War I began. A wave of new migrants came to the Bay Area then and again during World War II. The Black community in the Bay Area continued to grow in the East Bay, especially as ferry service to San Francisco improved so people could easily commute to the city for work.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aB0eK5KO8k8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aB0eK5KO8k8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> Every year on April 18th… at 5:13 in the morning…. San Franciscans gather at the corner of Market and Kearny Streets to remember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Once again, you crazy folks have come together at this ungodly hour to remember and honor the memories of those hearty San Franciscans who survived being tossed from their beds 117 years ago this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>People come dressed up in period costumes…trying to inhabit the moment in 1906 when an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 brought devastation to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Wednesday, April 18th, 1906 5:12 a.m. A great foreshock is felt throughout the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>San Franciscans startled awake …only to see their city burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>Fires rage and spread throughout the city. They are not stopped until 74 hours later. Many of San Francisco’s finest buildings collapse under the firestorms. Firefighters begin dynamiting buildings to create firebreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>But the fire kept leaping over the lines, traveling further west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>The Great Fire reaches Van Ness Avenue, which is 125ft wide, facing the decision to blow his city to pieces or watch it burn, Mayor Schmitz finally agrees to let the army create a massive firebreak in the hopes that it can stop the raging inferno. Friday, April 20th, 1906 5 a.m. The fire break at Venice finally holds and the westward progression of the inferno was halted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> It took more than three days to fully put the fire out. And then San Franciscans took stock. Nearly 80-percent of the city had burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bob Sarlatte: \u003c/b>So if we can just have a moment of silence for those who died and those who helped with the city after the earthquake. (Silence) Let’s hear those sirens go. Here we are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> The Great Earthquake and fire of 1906 were devastating to everyone living in San Francisco at the time, including its several thousand Black residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Allison Pennell started wondering about how this community fared after the earthquake when she saw an old photo in a museum booklet. It showed a group of Black San Franciscans standing at the top of Clay Street, watching the fire burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allison Pennell: \u003c/b>And I just started to think about that photograph and what would have happened after the earthquake. I know many people came over to the East Bay, and they simply got into boats and got over here, to try to set up an emergency situation over here. And so I thought, how did that work? Because, you couldn’t just probably as a nonwhite person go to the Claremont Hotel and say, I’d like a suite. At that time, the discrimination was deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>She wanted to know more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allison Pennell: \u003c/b>I’m interested to know what Black San Franciscans did to survive after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and how they re-established themselves either in the East Bay or back in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today on Bay Curious, on the anniversary of the Big One, we’ll hear some first person accounts from those who survived the 1906 earthquake and fire. And we’ll learn how their stories are still inspiring Black San Franciscans generations later. I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SPONSOR\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Stories and photos of the devastation wrought by the 1906 earthquake and fire are all around us in San Francisco. But it’s less common to see or hear explicit references to how the Black community fared after the quake. Bay Curious editor and producer Katrina Schwartz set out to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound of elevators at the library\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> You can find all kinds of cool stuff at the public library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I was thinking like, where do where does the ephemera live? Where do the things live that we can’t touch? What are the less visited things of the library?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>tanea lunsford lynx was recently an artist in residence at the San Francisco Public Library,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>And then I found that there was an oral history project that had over 25, recorded oral histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>She was \u003ci>transfixed\u003c/i> by the voices of Black Americans describing life in San Francisco at the turn of the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: yea, we were here.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> Now, tanea and I are standing in front of a display case on the third floor of the main branch …busy library life bustling around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I wanted folks to kind of happen upon it outside of the elevator. So when folks kind of get out there, struck by the photos that many of us have never seen. Of the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>Yeah. Some people have seen some of the photos, like of the fire and stuff like that. What’s different about these ones?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>These photos are different because they’re featuring black American folks who were here in San Francisco at the time of the 1906 earthquake. So you not only see the plume of the fires, the smoke in the back of the photos, but you also see, black San Franciscans at the forefront of the photos who are, like, dressed very beautifully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>My name is tanea lunsford lynx. I’m a writer and artist and educator. And fourth generation, like San Franciscan on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>For Tanea, these photos were a revelation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>So even though my family has a deep history here, and even though we knew we were here, there hadn’t been like photo proof that I’d seen a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>As part of her residency at the library she began digging into the archives kept here and stumbled across an oral history recorded in 1978… of a man named Aurelius Alberga. A black man and a survivor of the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>And there certainly hadn’t been stories in our own voices about the experience of being here in 1906 and prior to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>I felt a kinship pretty quickly. Because something about. Alberga’s tone reminded me of my grandfather’s voice and something about the quality of the audio is…Very appropriate for the time that it was recorded. And so you can, like hear the hum of the machine. You can hear like background noises, like I was I was automatically seated in someone’s house, like listening to them tell their stories. And it was that kinship, that closeness, that sense of intimacy that I was looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>October 22, 1884.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Albert Broussard: \u003c/b>Where were you born?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Albert Broussard: \u003c/b>What about you parents. Where were they born?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga: \u003c/b>My father was born in Kingston, Jamaica. May mother was born in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>He was very chill, for lack of a better word, about surviving that earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> Historian Dr. Albert Broussard recorded this oral history when Alberga was in his 90s. On the day of the Great Earthquake, Alberga was in his early 20s, sleeping in a room he rented at the corner of Commercial and Kearny Streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>Aurelius Alberga is asleep in his apartment, which most likely was an SRO, single room occupancy. And he lived there, and his father lived in the apartment above him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> My father was living there too. He had a room right upstairs directly over me. The Quake loosened and one side of the building collapsed. The doors in those days used to open out, and the door to my room was jammed shut — I couldn’t open it, you see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> He, like, yells for his father to know where he is, and his father comes down and helps him get out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> After escaping his small room, Alberga and his father go their separate ways. Alberga is worried about the man he works for who is blind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> Alberga’s job at that time is being a chauffeur for a man he calls old Metzger, who’s a man that he works for, who’s, like, wealthy, who’s a blind man. And, he develops this relationship with kind of like, caring for him in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> He lived on O’Farrell Street between Stockton and Powell. The whole front side of the hotel had fallen out into the streets and left exposed the rooms on that end. He was right there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> And so Alberga is like, oh my gosh, I hope he’s okay. And he gets up to Metzger’s apartment. And this man is sleeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> He slept through it all, which was a blessing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> After heroically saving Metzger’s life, he takes the old man to his mother’s house. Old Metzger is worried about savings he’s got stored in a safe downtown so he sends Alberga to retrieve the money. That errand takes Alberga all over the town and he watches as the city is destroyed. He recalls how the water mains were broken and firefighters struggled to contain the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> They had no water, and no hoses long enough to draw water from the Bay. There’s nothing that could stop it. It just went ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> It blew my mind that he could recall with precision the exact intersections of where things happened in San Francisco, particularly as a man of, like, more than 90 years old. Because I’m also aware of, like, yes, this was a trauma that he survived. And he was able to recall with such clarity where these things happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Alberga had lost everything in the earthquake and fire, his home, all his possessions. He bounced around the city, staying with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> One of the things he did say was that folks across like, race and ethnicity were really welcoming to each other as far as, like, inviting folks to literally stay in their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> I don’t think there were any people as friendly as the ole San Franciscans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/b> No one as friendly as ‘ole San Franciscans. People were dragging their trunks down the road, nowhere to sleep…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aurelius Alberga:\u003c/b> People were dragging their trunks along the street and someone would come along and help them. They’d take someone in their house they had never seen before in your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Folks opened up their homes to people they’d never seen before in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>So that mutual aid and that care was something that Alberga named as something that was distinctly San Franciscan at the time, that it was a very friendly place at that time, particularly after this moment of crisis. And so that really stood out to me, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon was just a little girl of nine-years-old when the earthquake struck. Her family lived in a flat in downtown San Francisco. But by 1906 many Black San Franciscans had relocated to the East Bay in search of more space and less expensive housing. Her grandmother lived in Oakland and Elizabeth had gone to stay with her for the Easter holidays, just before the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>And my mother came over later in the week and brought the rest of the children. My father came over on the last boat before the earthquake hit, to my grandmother’s. I was so sure it was my fault because I didn’t kneel that night before I said prayers. I got into bed and then said my prayers because it was so cold. But I didn’t tell anyone that it was my fault the earthquake came.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Elizabeth remembers all the chimneys in Oakland falling down during the earthquake. As morning dawned, chaos reigned and authorities would not let Elizabeth’s father return to San Francisco on the ferry. He had to get special permission to go check on their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>And when he went over, he found out there was a whole lot of damage. But he was able to get a suitcase and put some things in it, never dreaming the fire would reach there, you know. And some of the things he brought were so insignificant my mother thought. I’ll never forget her repeating, “he brought that book.” (chuckles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Her father returned to Oakland where his family was — and their home on Jones street was consumed by the fire. Elizabeth says the family was lucky to be able to stay with her grandparents in Oakland until her father purchased a plot of land in the Mission to build them a new house. She says many Black San Franciscans tapped into networks of friends and family in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elizabeth Fisher Gordon: \u003c/b>The people from San Francisco came over here when their houses burned down and they took care of them over here. Red Cross, and they set up temporary housing and what have you for the people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Tent cities sprang up in parks around San Francisco…housing 200-thousand people who had become homeless overnight. People set up outdoor kitchens and cooked together. Tanea lunsford lynx documented Black San Franciscans among these scenes in her exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>The first photo that we see is a photo of two young black people, children who are sitting in the grass and you see tents and you see a clothing line up behind them, and you see a little stove for cooking as well. And this is a campsite that was set up in Golden Gate Park, because folks had lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>A PBS documentary called The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake paints a desolate picture of life in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Narration: \u003c/b>Standing in bread lines, meat lines, soup lines, any kind of a line became the central activity of life. Everyone had to do it. Soldiers made sure nobody cheated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And anybody not standing in line, was put to work rebuilding the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Narration: \u003c/b>It was said that in many places, the debris was not even allowed to cool, and bricks were pitched from lots when still as warm as muffins. Volunteers on the cleanup crews took up the refrain in the damnedest, finest ruins I’d rather be a brick than live anywhere else but San Francisco. The great cleanup had begun. Thousands of standing walls were torn down. An estimated 6.5 billion bricks were carted away or cleaned of mortar to be reused in new buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>People who lived through these times remember it as a swift recovery. Alfred Butler was a Black teenager living in Oakland at the time of the earthquake. He took a mule and cart all the way down to San Jose and around the Bay in order to see what had happened to San Francisco for himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls seeing a lot of rubble, and the biggest buildings knocked down. But over the following months the recovery progressed quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alfred Butler: \u003c/b>They built it up right away. In a year’s time, things were pretty well cleaned up. And then they started to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>At the turn of the 20th century, Black San Franciscans lived in neighborhoods scattered throughout San Francisco, but many single men were concentrated in hotels downtown…like Aurelius Alberga who we heard from earlier. Alfred Butler says after the earthquake, the Western Addition became the hub of Black life. That’s where his brother moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alfred Butler: \u003c/b>After the earthquake, everybody moved on Fillmore Street. All the businesses on Fillmore Street started booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>San Franciscans came together after the quake and people from all walks of life helped one another in that moment of crises. But the oral histories of these Black Americans who survived it show that as the city rebuilt, it went back to the de facto racism that ruled it. Butler says good jobs were still reserved for white people, while Black people struggled to find menial ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Albert Butler: \u003c/b>It was hard to get a job. Negroes, we had a tough time getting a job. A menial job like washing windows or running errands or something like that. Running an elevator or something like that. It was hard to get a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>For Tanea, the photos of San Franciscans living in tents, cooking outdoors, waiting in line for basic necessities are eerily similar to scenes on the streets of the city today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx: \u003c/b>When looking at these photos, I began to see the past, speaking to the future and the future, speaking to the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And as a Black person, tanea sees echoes of \u003ci>her San Francisco\u003c/i> in the oral histories she combed through. A small Black community fighting to stay in a changing city. The devastation of displacement and loss. But also the love of this place and the tenacity to survive. It’s all too familiar. Her poem “We Were Here” is an ode to the Black community in San Francisco, which stretches from the Gold Rush to now. Here’s an excerpt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> We were here already, living fantastical lives, already saving the best for the present, already studying the contours of the city. The bay knew us. This ocean was salted with our knowing already. We knew the feeling of firm ground. Before the shaking. We knew stability. The ground knew the planting and rising of our feet like a dance. We were already sending for each other, extending a fishing hook south and pulling each other up with calloused hands. We were already spinning tales about this mass of fog. We were already making home here. \u003ci>(fades under)\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>That story was brought to us by Bay Curious editor and producer, Katrina Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>tanea lunsford lynx:\u003c/b> But of course, we were here, living in our signature ways. Of course, when the earth shifted, we went looking for who could be lost in the cracks. Of course it made for lore. Of course we were doing the fantastical feat like a dance. The earth cracked open and we kept time, an offering of our survival. We kept on living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music fades out\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> tanea’s exhibit is no longer on display at the library, but you can see all the photos she used and \u003ca href=\"https://www.tanealunsfordlynx.com/wewerehere\">read her writing on the project’s website\u003c/a>. You can find a link in our show notes or on baycurious.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks to the San Francisco History Center, part of the San Francisco Public Library for letting us use the oral histories in their archive. And to the San Francisco African-American Historical and Cultural Society who co-sponsored the original oral history project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still time to vote in our April voting round. Here are your choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 1:\u003c/b> I was recently at the Morcom Rose Garden in Oakland and saw three different official Oakland signs that read, “No glitter.” I would love to know what happened at the rose garden to warrant so many signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 2:\u003c/b> Yesterday, I walked with a fellow science teacher on the Great Hwy. We commented on the blackish sand, made of iron filings. Where does the iron come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 3:\u003c/b> Who are the de Youngs? I think they have some crazy stories!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Vote for which question you think we should tackle next at baycurious.org. While you’re there, sign up for our monthly newsletter, ask your own question, or get lost listening through the Bay Curious archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Our show is made by:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Katrina Schwartz\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christopher Beale: \u003c/b>Christopher Beale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Katherine Monahan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>and me, Olivia Allen Price. Additional support from:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Jen Chien: \u003c/b>Jen Chien\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katie Springer: \u003c/b>Katie Springer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cesar Saldana: \u003c/b>Cesar Saldana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Maha Sanad: \u003c/b>Maha Sanad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Holly Kernan:\u003c/b> Holly Kernan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Crowd:\u003c/b> And the whole KQED family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. We’ll be back next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983182/stunning-archival-photos-of-the-1906-earthquake-and-fire","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_993","news_5241","news_6627"],"featImg":"news_11983202","label":"news_33523"},"news_11983413":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983413","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983413","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment","title":"Could Protesters Who Shut Down Golden Gate Bridge Be Charged With False Imprisonment?","publishDate":1713486749,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Could Protesters Who Shut Down Golden Gate Bridge Be Charged With False Imprisonment? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:30 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An announcement from San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins that she is considering the possibility of charging a group of pro-Palestinian protesters with a felony for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982940/protesters-shut-down-880-freeway-in-oakland-as-part-of-economic-blockade-for-gaza\">blocking the Golden Gate Bridge on Monday\u003c/a> has been met with concern by legal experts and civil rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have also pushed back against \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780616603954204930\">Jenkins’ suggestion\u003c/a> that people who were stuck in traffic during the protest may be eligible for restitution as possible victims “detained against their will” or “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/brookejenkinssf/status/1780369591367340514?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">falsely imprisoned”\u003c/a> — and should reach out to California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These people, Jenkins wrote on X on Wednesday, “may be entitled to restitution + have other victim rights guaranteed under \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/victim-services/marsys-law/\">Marsy’s law.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780616603954204930\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU Northern California’s legal director Shilpi Agarwal called the idea — that anyone disrupted by a protest can seek financial payment from protesters — a “red flag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” Agarwal said. “Lawful protests often create roadblocks or shut down streets or create traffic … The idea that people who suffer that inconvenience are victims and should get money from the protesters is a very dangerous notion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What happened after the Golden Gate Bridge protests?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and Alameda County prosecutors are still waiting to review evidence from CHP before announcing any charges against the protesters, who were part of an international “economic blockade” to oppose \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">the United States’ financial support for Israel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11821950 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64575_022_KQED_AntiochPoliceRacistTextProtest_04182023-qut-1020x680.jpg']Israel’s monthslong siege of Gaza, in response to Hamas’ attack on Oct. 7 that killed some 1,200 Israelis according to Israel’s government, has caused \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-gaza-war-statistics-95a6407fac94e9d589be234708cd5005\">widespread devastation:\u003c/a> 33,000 Palestinians — more than 13,000 of them children — have since been killed, according to Gaza health authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s attacks have also displaced 70% of Gaza’s population, and the United Nations is warning that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-un-humanitarian-famine-gaza-malnutrition-cf622f843fe531fb6dbd5657a39d6b49\">a famine is approaching\u003c/a>. Since the siege began more than six months ago, thousands in the Bay Area have joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">rallies and protests demanding a cease-fire in Gaza\u003c/a>. (Read more about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">the decades-long conflict from NPR’s “Middle East crisis — explained”\u003c/a> series.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the 12 protesters arrested in a separate protest on two different sections of Interstate 880 in Oakland were quickly released. However, most of the 26 arrested on the Golden Gate Bridge were booked and held in jail for more than 24 hours on suspicion of felony conspiracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The felony arrest charge gives Jenkins the opportunity to consider charging the Golden Gate Bridge protesters with a felony. Misdemeanors or infractions are more common charges for protesters, Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we must protect avenues for free speech, the exercise of free speech cannot compromise public safety,” Jenkins wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780369591367340514/photo/1\">a statement posted to X. \u003c/a>“I truly believe that there can be free expression while maintaining the safety of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHP spokesperson Andrew Barclay argued the protesters posed a serious threat to public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody has a right to protest,” Barclay said. “People have a right to express their opinions. No one has the right to go on to a freeway and shut it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order for the charges to come to fruition, Barclay said CHP needs to speak to individuals “trapped on the bridge as this was happening” and needs “to actually show that there are specific individuals who were in this situation because of the actions of the protesters. And we need to do that in order to be able to meet those standards that will articulate that crime was committed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an unrelated press conference on climate change on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/california-playbook-pm/2024/04/16/dems-narrow-the-swing-district-gap-00152679\">Gov. Gavin Newsom also criticized Monday’s protests\u003c/a>: “I don’t think that’s helpful, and I don’t think that’s responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said that he believed “there are better ways of protesting” and that “people need to be held to account for their actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What do legal voices and advocates say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Center for Protest Law and Litigation — which is representing the freeway protesters — has blasted CHP and framed the possible allegations as trumped-up arrest charges meant to silence peaceful protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a way of inflicting a preemptive punishment before charges have even been filed,” said Rachel Lederman, the group’s senior council. “We haven’t seen this in recent years in San Francisco or in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11976328,news_11982940\"]Agarwal of the ACLU is concerned about the language Jenkins employed in the call out, which included \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/brookejenkinssf/status/1780369591367340514?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">“falsely imprisoned” and “restitution.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only kind of interpretation that I can glean from that is [that] she really wants to dissuade people from exercising their right to protest by sort of heaping on these protesters all kinds of unusual consequences, some of which are financial,” Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concern is that’s really going to have a chilling effect on speech because lawful protesting is inconvenient,” she said. “It is how you draw attention to an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lederman added that she thought “it’s a bit far-fetched to charge people with false imprisonment for blocking traffic” — although she said in her experience, restitution is common in criminal cases. She noted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">78 pro-Palestinian protesters arrested after they blocked the Bay Bridge\u003c/a> are paying “a very small amount of restitution to one person who had a specific medical bill that they attributed to the traffic blockage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenkins previously filed charges against those \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">Bay Bridge protesters\u003c/a>. However, a judge last month ordered them to pay the restitution and do community service instead of going to trial — a move Jenkins said she had to accept but did not support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agarwal said while she could not speak to the details of Monday’s actions, the government can place “reasonable limits on protest” in what is called \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">a “time, place, and manner restriction\u003c/a>,” by dictating certain parameters to try to ensure safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “even in a situation where the protester does everything that they’re supposed to do, protests are inconvenient. They absolutely create traffic jams. They absolutely can create streets to shut down,” Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is a balance that we have struck in this country where we say we have a First Amendment right to voice our opinion on things, and we are willing to suffer some of the inconvenience that can come from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sydney Johnson and David Marks contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Advocates have expressed concern at San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins' announcement on possible charges for Monday's pro-Palestinian protesters.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713544337,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1177},"headData":{"title":"Could Protesters Who Shut Down Golden Gate Bridge Be Charged With False Imprisonment? | KQED","description":"Advocates have expressed concern at San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins' announcement on possible charges for Monday's pro-Palestinian protesters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Could Protesters Who Shut Down Golden Gate Bridge Be Charged With False Imprisonment?","datePublished":"2024-04-19T00:32:29.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T16:32:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:30 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An announcement from San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins that she is considering the possibility of charging a group of pro-Palestinian protesters with a felony for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982940/protesters-shut-down-880-freeway-in-oakland-as-part-of-economic-blockade-for-gaza\">blocking the Golden Gate Bridge on Monday\u003c/a> has been met with concern by legal experts and civil rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have also pushed back against \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780616603954204930\">Jenkins’ suggestion\u003c/a> that people who were stuck in traffic during the protest may be eligible for restitution as possible victims “detained against their will” or “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/brookejenkinssf/status/1780369591367340514?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">falsely imprisoned”\u003c/a> — and should reach out to California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These people, Jenkins wrote on X on Wednesday, “may be entitled to restitution + have other victim rights guaranteed under \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/victim-services/marsys-law/\">Marsy’s law.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1780616603954204930"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>ACLU Northern California’s legal director Shilpi Agarwal called the idea — that anyone disrupted by a protest can seek financial payment from protesters — a “red flag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” Agarwal said. “Lawful protests often create roadblocks or shut down streets or create traffic … The idea that people who suffer that inconvenience are victims and should get money from the protesters is a very dangerous notion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What happened after the Golden Gate Bridge protests?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and Alameda County prosecutors are still waiting to review evidence from CHP before announcing any charges against the protesters, who were part of an international “economic blockade” to oppose \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">the United States’ financial support for Israel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11821950","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64575_022_KQED_AntiochPoliceRacistTextProtest_04182023-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Israel’s monthslong siege of Gaza, in response to Hamas’ attack on Oct. 7 that killed some 1,200 Israelis according to Israel’s government, has caused \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-gaza-war-statistics-95a6407fac94e9d589be234708cd5005\">widespread devastation:\u003c/a> 33,000 Palestinians — more than 13,000 of them children — have since been killed, according to Gaza health authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s attacks have also displaced 70% of Gaza’s population, and the United Nations is warning that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-un-humanitarian-famine-gaza-malnutrition-cf622f843fe531fb6dbd5657a39d6b49\">a famine is approaching\u003c/a>. Since the siege began more than six months ago, thousands in the Bay Area have joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">rallies and protests demanding a cease-fire in Gaza\u003c/a>. (Read more about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">the decades-long conflict from NPR’s “Middle East crisis — explained”\u003c/a> series.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the 12 protesters arrested in a separate protest on two different sections of Interstate 880 in Oakland were quickly released. However, most of the 26 arrested on the Golden Gate Bridge were booked and held in jail for more than 24 hours on suspicion of felony conspiracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The felony arrest charge gives Jenkins the opportunity to consider charging the Golden Gate Bridge protesters with a felony. Misdemeanors or infractions are more common charges for protesters, Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we must protect avenues for free speech, the exercise of free speech cannot compromise public safety,” Jenkins wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrookeJenkinsSF/status/1780369591367340514/photo/1\">a statement posted to X. \u003c/a>“I truly believe that there can be free expression while maintaining the safety of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHP spokesperson Andrew Barclay argued the protesters posed a serious threat to public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody has a right to protest,” Barclay said. “People have a right to express their opinions. No one has the right to go on to a freeway and shut it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order for the charges to come to fruition, Barclay said CHP needs to speak to individuals “trapped on the bridge as this was happening” and needs “to actually show that there are specific individuals who were in this situation because of the actions of the protesters. And we need to do that in order to be able to meet those standards that will articulate that crime was committed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an unrelated press conference on climate change on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/california-playbook-pm/2024/04/16/dems-narrow-the-swing-district-gap-00152679\">Gov. Gavin Newsom also criticized Monday’s protests\u003c/a>: “I don’t think that’s helpful, and I don’t think that’s responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said that he believed “there are better ways of protesting” and that “people need to be held to account for their actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What do legal voices and advocates say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Center for Protest Law and Litigation — which is representing the freeway protesters — has blasted CHP and framed the possible allegations as trumped-up arrest charges meant to silence peaceful protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a way of inflicting a preemptive punishment before charges have even been filed,” said Rachel Lederman, the group’s senior council. “We haven’t seen this in recent years in San Francisco or in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11976328,news_11982940"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Agarwal of the ACLU is concerned about the language Jenkins employed in the call out, which included \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/brookejenkinssf/status/1780369591367340514?s=46&t=7BBzFwo6eYLzJIVfAlumEQ\">“falsely imprisoned” and “restitution.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only kind of interpretation that I can glean from that is [that] she really wants to dissuade people from exercising their right to protest by sort of heaping on these protesters all kinds of unusual consequences, some of which are financial,” Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concern is that’s really going to have a chilling effect on speech because lawful protesting is inconvenient,” she said. “It is how you draw attention to an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lederman added that she thought “it’s a bit far-fetched to charge people with false imprisonment for blocking traffic” — although she said in her experience, restitution is common in criminal cases. She noted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">78 pro-Palestinian protesters arrested after they blocked the Bay Bridge\u003c/a> are paying “a very small amount of restitution to one person who had a specific medical bill that they attributed to the traffic blockage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenkins previously filed charges against those \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">Bay Bridge protesters\u003c/a>. However, a judge last month ordered them to pay the restitution and do community service instead of going to trial — a move Jenkins said she had to accept but did not support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agarwal said while she could not speak to the details of Monday’s actions, the government can place “reasonable limits on protest” in what is called \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">a “time, place, and manner restriction\u003c/a>,” by dictating certain parameters to try to ensure safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “even in a situation where the protester does everything that they’re supposed to do, protests are inconvenient. They absolutely create traffic jams. They absolutely can create streets to shut down,” Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is a balance that we have struck in this country where we say we have a First Amendment right to voice our opinion on things, and we are willing to suffer some of the inconvenience that can come from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sydney Johnson and David Marks contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment","authors":["11867","1263"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32707","news_31298","news_33900","news_27626","news_33647","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11982969","label":"news"},"news_11983384":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983384","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983384","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-sues-oakland-over-plan-to-change-airport-name","title":"San Francisco Sues Oakland Over Plan to Change Airport Name","publishDate":1713473845,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco Sues Oakland Over Plan to Change Airport Name | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Ready for another Battle of the Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco on Thursday sued Oakland to block the city from renaming Oakland International Airport to “San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filed in U.S. district court, the suit accuses Oakland of infringing on San Francisco International Airport’s (SFO) trademark. It comes a week after the Port of Oakland’s board of commissioners \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982744/oakland-officials-to-proceed-with-controversial-move-to-rename-airport\">voted unanimously\u003c/a> to move forward with the name change in a bid to draw more traffic to the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu said the renaming would lead to widespread confusion and chaos for travelers, particularly non-English speakers. He noted that at least one international airline — Portugal’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.azoresairlines.pt/\">Azores Airlines\u003c/a> — has already started using the new name on its flight reservations system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that Oakland intentionally designed their new rename to divert those who were unfamiliar with Bay Area geography, and also is trying to mislead the public in suggesting that Oakland might have a business relationship with SFO, which it does not,” Chiu told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the name change would likely cause many travelers to go to the wrong airport and miss their flights and could result in major economic losses and damage to the regional travel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu added that his office only learned about the proposed name change about a half hour before the Oakland Port \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7IDRj5KUF4\">publicly announced it last month\u003c/a>. Since then, he said, Oakland has rebuffed his repeated attempts to work with the city to come up with a more reasonable alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Litigation, from our perspective, is a last resort,” he said, “but given that Oakland has refused to engage with us, we’re forced to move forward with a lawsuit today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit seeks to force Oakland to stop using the new name, destroy all physical and digital materials that display it, and to pay any related damages and fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11982744\" label=\"Related Story\"]In a statement on Thursday, Port of Oakland Attorney Mary Richardson dismissed the notion that the proposed renaming in any way violated SFO’s trademark and said the port would “take all reasonable measures to ensure clarity for travelers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SFO cannot lay claim to the geographically descriptive term ‘San Francisco,’ let alone claim exclusive rights to the San Francisco Bay,” she said. “The Port trusts that travelers understand that the San Francisco Bay — like virtually every other major metropolitan area throughout the world — can contain more than one airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its late March video announcement, Oakland Board of Port Commissioners President Barbara Leslie said increasing the public’s awareness of the airport’s central geographic location in the Bay Area was key to increasing the number of available flights and destinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve found that over half of frequent international travelers and nearly a third of domestic travelers are unaware of OAK’s amazing location in the heart of Northern California and the San Francisco Bay Area,” she said in the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie added that the lack of awareness has meant flights haven’t performed as well as they could, leading to a loss of existing routes and a reluctance among airlines to add new routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Port officials last week also released the results of two surveys asking residents of Oakland and the broader East Bay region to weigh in on the proposed name change. Initially, only a slim majority said they were comfortable with the change. But after the rationale for the change was explained to them, roughly two-thirds of respondents said they approved of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chiu argued that there are many other ways for Oakland’s airport to reference its geographic location without infringing on SFO’s trademark and confusing countless travelers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oakland is trying to profit off of the fact that SFO has invested billions of dollars over decades in the reputation of the name San Francisco International Airport, the services at San Francisco International Airport,” he said. “And that’s not fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The federal lawsuit argues that Oakland is intentionally trying to confuse passengers and divert traffic from SFO by renaming its airport ‘San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.’","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713504925,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":710},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Sues Oakland Over Plan to Change Airport Name | KQED","description":"The federal lawsuit argues that Oakland is intentionally trying to confuse passengers and divert traffic from SFO by renaming its airport ‘San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.’","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"San Francisco Sues Oakland Over Plan to Change Airport Name","datePublished":"2024-04-18T20:57:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T05:35:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983384/san-francisco-sues-oakland-over-plan-to-change-airport-name","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ready for another Battle of the Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco on Thursday sued Oakland to block the city from renaming Oakland International Airport to “San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filed in U.S. district court, the suit accuses Oakland of infringing on San Francisco International Airport’s (SFO) trademark. It comes a week after the Port of Oakland’s board of commissioners \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982744/oakland-officials-to-proceed-with-controversial-move-to-rename-airport\">voted unanimously\u003c/a> to move forward with the name change in a bid to draw more traffic to the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu said the renaming would lead to widespread confusion and chaos for travelers, particularly non-English speakers. He noted that at least one international airline — Portugal’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.azoresairlines.pt/\">Azores Airlines\u003c/a> — has already started using the new name on its flight reservations system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that Oakland intentionally designed their new rename to divert those who were unfamiliar with Bay Area geography, and also is trying to mislead the public in suggesting that Oakland might have a business relationship with SFO, which it does not,” Chiu told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the name change would likely cause many travelers to go to the wrong airport and miss their flights and could result in major economic losses and damage to the regional travel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu added that his office only learned about the proposed name change about a half hour before the Oakland Port \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7IDRj5KUF4\">publicly announced it last month\u003c/a>. Since then, he said, Oakland has rebuffed his repeated attempts to work with the city to come up with a more reasonable alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Litigation, from our perspective, is a last resort,” he said, “but given that Oakland has refused to engage with us, we’re forced to move forward with a lawsuit today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit seeks to force Oakland to stop using the new name, destroy all physical and digital materials that display it, and to pay any related damages and fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11982744","label":"Related Story "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In a statement on Thursday, Port of Oakland Attorney Mary Richardson dismissed the notion that the proposed renaming in any way violated SFO’s trademark and said the port would “take all reasonable measures to ensure clarity for travelers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SFO cannot lay claim to the geographically descriptive term ‘San Francisco,’ let alone claim exclusive rights to the San Francisco Bay,” she said. “The Port trusts that travelers understand that the San Francisco Bay — like virtually every other major metropolitan area throughout the world — can contain more than one airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its late March video announcement, Oakland Board of Port Commissioners President Barbara Leslie said increasing the public’s awareness of the airport’s central geographic location in the Bay Area was key to increasing the number of available flights and destinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve found that over half of frequent international travelers and nearly a third of domestic travelers are unaware of OAK’s amazing location in the heart of Northern California and the San Francisco Bay Area,” she said in the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie added that the lack of awareness has meant flights haven’t performed as well as they could, leading to a loss of existing routes and a reluctance among airlines to add new routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Port officials last week also released the results of two surveys asking residents of Oakland and the broader East Bay region to weigh in on the proposed name change. Initially, only a slim majority said they were comfortable with the change. But after the rationale for the change was explained to them, roughly two-thirds of respondents said they approved of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chiu argued that there are many other ways for Oakland’s airport to reference its geographic location without infringing on SFO’s trademark and confusing countless travelers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oakland is trying to profit off of the fact that SFO has invested billions of dollars over decades in the reputation of the name San Francisco International Airport, the services at San Francisco International Airport,” he said. “And that’s not fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983384/san-francisco-sues-oakland-over-plan-to-change-airport-name","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_8","news_1397"],"tags":["news_25200","news_167","news_27626","news_33915","news_2767","news_20517"],"featImg":"news_11983385","label":"news"},"news_11983313":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983313","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983313","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-parole-ice-deported-this-refugee-back-to-a-country-he-never-knew","title":"After Parole, ICE Deported This Refugee Back to a Country He Never Knew","publishDate":1713524452,"format":"standard","headTitle":"After Parole, ICE Deported This Refugee Back to a Country He Never Knew | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>When Phoeun You landed in Phnom Penh in March 2022, he was surprised by how tall the buildings were. “I thought about Cambodia like, man, I’m gonna see cows on the road. Dirt roads and stuff like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was born there, but by the time he returned at almost 50 years old, he was effectively a foreigner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You was an infant when his family fled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/15/world/asia/khmer-rouge-cambodia-genocide.html\">Cambodian genocide\u003c/a> in 1976. Fifteen of them — siblings, parents, grandma, nieces and nephews — ended up in a refugee camp in Thailand. It was a harrowing but familiar path for the estimated 1 million Cambodians who escaped Pol Pot’s bloody dictatorship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You spent the first five years of his life in the refugee camp in Thailand. It wasn’t until later in life that he realized how traumatic those early years were. Small things, like powdered milk, now transport him back there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That smell, that feel of chalk … it took me right back to the refugee camp,” he recently remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the aftermath of the Vietnam War, the State Department contracted with religious agencies to help resettle the hundreds of thousands of refugees arriving in the U.S. from Southeast Asia. After receiving his green card, Phoeun landed with a Mormon family in northern Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His first memories in the U.S. were of eating tuna fish sandwiches and macaroni and cheese. Everything, including the enormous Wasatch Mountains, felt surreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember the first time it snowed,” he said. “It scared the hell out of me. I was like, ‘Man, this is cold. Are we gonna freeze out here?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After life stabilized in Utah, You’s parents moved the family to Long Beach, California. Thanks to a student exchange program at Cal State Long Beach, the city’s Cambodian population had grown since the 1950s. By the time the Khmer Rouge fell in 1979, Long Beach had the largest population of Cambodians outside of Cambodia. In some ways, it felt like home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the move to California also brought unwanted reminders of the country they left behind. Long Beach was a violent place in the 1980s, particularly for Southeast Asian refugees moving into historically Black and Latino neighborhoods. You was bullied at school, and when he was 13, he joined his older brother’s gang for protection. His life spiraled out of control from there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1995, a gang beat up You and his nephew in a school parking lot. The next day, You fired a shotgun into a crowd of teenagers in retaliation. It killed one of the young men and injured four others. A year later, he was convicted of first-degree murder and given a 35-year-to-life sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’s first few years of adulthood began in California’s state prison system, and it was rough. He regularly witnessed fights and stabbings at Salinas Valley State Prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You almost have to stop yourself from being human,” he recalls. “Every time you see blood, the human side of me makes me wanna care. Like, ‘Hey man, I know this is a prison, but are you OK?’ But I can’t do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until You suffered his own loss that he reflected on his crime. The news came through a letter in the mail from an older sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It] said, ‘Hey, look, we have some news that your sister was murdered.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His sister had been shot in a parking lot by a jealous boyfriend, according to You. He felt anger but also a strange sense of clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11966564,news_11975246,news_11800255,news_11975904\"]“It dawned on me that this must be how the victim’s family felt when I took their son away from them,” he reflected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a dozen years in California maximum security prisons, You was transferred to San Quentin State Prison. He enrolled in rehabilitation programs, including the intensive Victim Offender Education Group. The early sessions helped him confront the magnitude of his crime and, for the first time, unpack the traumatic life events that led up to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he started his own program for other Asian American and Pacific Islander inmates at San Quentin to talk about history, war, and how to enter back into society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, after 25 years behind bars, You was up for parole. It was actually his second time presenting his case to the state’s board — the first time, he said, he completely froze up. This time, though, You was ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he first heard the news of his freedom through a Zoom meeting during the COVID-19 pandemic, You struggled to take it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To finally hear those words just didn’t feel real,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that feeling joy didn’t feel right either. “It takes away from the crime I’ve committed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately for You, things were about to become much more complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Deported to Cambodia\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A few days before he was set to be released, he got a visit from a federal official who informed him that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement had placed a hold on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although You became eligible for U.S. citizenship when he turned 18, his parents’ hectic home life — with 12 family members rotating in and out of a three-bedroom house — kept them from pursuing an application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When You lost his green card status following the murder conviction, he was no longer a protected refugee. Rather, he was now illegally on U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983321\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Phoeun \u003c/em>You takes a selfie in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Pheoun You)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ICE hold meant that federal officials could try to deport him after his release from prison. Instead of walking out of San Quentin, a free man, You was transferred to an immigration detention center in central California where he could choose to appeal his case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You said that was a difficult decision. If he fought his case, it would happen from a detention cell in central California — a process that could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to weigh it out like, does it matter when the law is already set in stone? Do you prolong your sentence and your stay if you know you’re gonna lose the case anyways?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So You signed his own deportation papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he stepped off the plane in Phnom Penh a few months later, he was accompanied by three ICE agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire experience left him shell-shocked. You didn’t have a job or speak Khmer and had no friends or professional contacts. And he had no proof he was a citizen of any country; documentation of his birth was destroyed during the genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, You still had relatives in Cambodia. He spent the first few weeks of his new life in Southeast Asia, reconnecting with his aunt in the Cambodian countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hadn’t seen her in nearly 50 years, but she offered to sponsor his Cambodian citizenship application.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>New life in Cambodia\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You’s aunt hooked him up with a third-floor studio on the outskirts of Phnom Penh. After weeks of watching the neighborhood wake up from his balcony — food carts passing by, moms walking their kids to school — he started to feel more settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other adjustments have come more slowly. Because of the language barrier, You spends a lot of time alone in his apartment. He uses a translator app on his phone to communicate at restaurants or the grocery store, but he’s hesitant to date or make new friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a social person,” he said. “I want to mingle. I want to connect on a deeper level, and I don’t have the words to do that. And it feels really awkward because I can’t express (myself) fully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Phoeun You\"]‘You have to weigh it out like, does it matter when the law is already set in stone? Do you prolong your sentence and your stay if you know you’re gonna lose the case anyways?’[/pullquote]Everywhere he looks, You is reminded that he’s far away from home. Billboards are in different languages. There are no sidewalks or street lamps, and the food stalls still amaze him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People stare at him — which makes him uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look at me, and it’s like, OK: the tattoos, the shaved head … They’ll notice my accent is a little off. They get the hint like, ‘This guy’s not completely one of us.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very quickly, You had to start looking for a job in a country where he didn’t speak the language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his last job was more than two decades ago, working at a casino in Las Vegas. With some experience teaching English as a second language to adults at San Quentin, You thought he might land a similar gig in Phnom Penh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was applying for a good four months,” he said — pursuing around 20 different positions — but he kept getting turned down. “I was like, ‘Man, what is going on?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You wasn’t sure, but he had a sinking feeling that his criminal record in the U.S. followed him to Cambodia. He said most hiring managers didn’t know about his conviction right away, but when interviewers asked him what a working-aged man from the U.S. was doing in Phnom Penh, You felt like they were piecing things together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You spent months worrying he’d never get back on his feet. But finally, he broke through. In October 2023, he landed a job teaching English at an international school in Phnom Penh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the work is exhausting: He teaches five grade levels and isn’t paid much. But he said it’s helping him find purpose again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, he assigned his ninth-grade students to interview their parents. He said it’s sometimes difficult for Cambodians to communicate on a deeper level with their parents, so his goal is for them to get to know themselves better by learning about their family’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of my own past, growing up,” he said. “I didn’t know my parents enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You laments the lack of love and connection he felt at home as a kid. Part of him feels like life might have been different otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He can’t change the past, but he said that teaching helps him reflect on his childhood and look forward to a future with a family of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Phoeun You knows what it’s like to be a refugee in the United States, serve prison time for a violent crime, and be deported to a country he never knew. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713562501,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":53,"wordCount":1850},"headData":{"title":"After Parole, ICE Deported This Refugee Back to a Country He Never Knew | KQED","description":"Phoeun You knows what it’s like to be a refugee in the United States, serve prison time for a violent crime, and be deported to a country he never knew. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"After Parole, ICE Deported This Refugee Back to a Country He Never Knew","datePublished":"2024-04-19T11:00:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T21:35:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC2374918807.mp3?updated=1713372438","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Mateo Schimpf","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983313/after-parole-ice-deported-this-refugee-back-to-a-country-he-never-knew","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Phoeun You landed in Phnom Penh in March 2022, he was surprised by how tall the buildings were. “I thought about Cambodia like, man, I’m gonna see cows on the road. Dirt roads and stuff like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was born there, but by the time he returned at almost 50 years old, he was effectively a foreigner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You was an infant when his family fled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/15/world/asia/khmer-rouge-cambodia-genocide.html\">Cambodian genocide\u003c/a> in 1976. Fifteen of them — siblings, parents, grandma, nieces and nephews — ended up in a refugee camp in Thailand. It was a harrowing but familiar path for the estimated 1 million Cambodians who escaped Pol Pot’s bloody dictatorship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You spent the first five years of his life in the refugee camp in Thailand. It wasn’t until later in life that he realized how traumatic those early years were. Small things, like powdered milk, now transport him back there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That smell, that feel of chalk … it took me right back to the refugee camp,” he recently remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the aftermath of the Vietnam War, the State Department contracted with religious agencies to help resettle the hundreds of thousands of refugees arriving in the U.S. from Southeast Asia. After receiving his green card, Phoeun landed with a Mormon family in northern Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His first memories in the U.S. were of eating tuna fish sandwiches and macaroni and cheese. Everything, including the enormous Wasatch Mountains, felt surreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember the first time it snowed,” he said. “It scared the hell out of me. I was like, ‘Man, this is cold. Are we gonna freeze out here?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After life stabilized in Utah, You’s parents moved the family to Long Beach, California. Thanks to a student exchange program at Cal State Long Beach, the city’s Cambodian population had grown since the 1950s. By the time the Khmer Rouge fell in 1979, Long Beach had the largest population of Cambodians outside of Cambodia. In some ways, it felt like home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the move to California also brought unwanted reminders of the country they left behind. Long Beach was a violent place in the 1980s, particularly for Southeast Asian refugees moving into historically Black and Latino neighborhoods. You was bullied at school, and when he was 13, he joined his older brother’s gang for protection. His life spiraled out of control from there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1995, a gang beat up You and his nephew in a school parking lot. The next day, You fired a shotgun into a crowd of teenagers in retaliation. It killed one of the young men and injured four others. A year later, he was convicted of first-degree murder and given a 35-year-to-life sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’s first few years of adulthood began in California’s state prison system, and it was rough. He regularly witnessed fights and stabbings at Salinas Valley State Prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You almost have to stop yourself from being human,” he recalls. “Every time you see blood, the human side of me makes me wanna care. Like, ‘Hey man, I know this is a prison, but are you OK?’ But I can’t do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until You suffered his own loss that he reflected on his crime. The news came through a letter in the mail from an older sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It] said, ‘Hey, look, we have some news that your sister was murdered.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His sister had been shot in a parking lot by a jealous boyfriend, according to You. He felt anger but also a strange sense of clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11966564,news_11975246,news_11800255,news_11975904"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It dawned on me that this must be how the victim’s family felt when I took their son away from them,” he reflected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a dozen years in California maximum security prisons, You was transferred to San Quentin State Prison. He enrolled in rehabilitation programs, including the intensive Victim Offender Education Group. The early sessions helped him confront the magnitude of his crime and, for the first time, unpack the traumatic life events that led up to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he started his own program for other Asian American and Pacific Islander inmates at San Quentin to talk about history, war, and how to enter back into society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, after 25 years behind bars, You was up for parole. It was actually his second time presenting his case to the state’s board — the first time, he said, he completely froze up. This time, though, You was ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he first heard the news of his freedom through a Zoom meeting during the COVID-19 pandemic, You struggled to take it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To finally hear those words just didn’t feel real,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that feeling joy didn’t feel right either. “It takes away from the crime I’ve committed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately for You, things were about to become much more complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Deported to Cambodia\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A few days before he was set to be released, he got a visit from a federal official who informed him that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement had placed a hold on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although You became eligible for U.S. citizenship when he turned 18, his parents’ hectic home life — with 12 family members rotating in and out of a three-bedroom house — kept them from pursuing an application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When You lost his green card status following the murder conviction, he was no longer a protected refugee. Rather, he was now illegally on U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983321\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/IMG-20240413-WA0014-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Phoeun \u003c/em>You takes a selfie in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Pheoun You)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ICE hold meant that federal officials could try to deport him after his release from prison. Instead of walking out of San Quentin, a free man, You was transferred to an immigration detention center in central California where he could choose to appeal his case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You said that was a difficult decision. If he fought his case, it would happen from a detention cell in central California — a process that could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to weigh it out like, does it matter when the law is already set in stone? Do you prolong your sentence and your stay if you know you’re gonna lose the case anyways?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So You signed his own deportation papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he stepped off the plane in Phnom Penh a few months later, he was accompanied by three ICE agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire experience left him shell-shocked. You didn’t have a job or speak Khmer and had no friends or professional contacts. And he had no proof he was a citizen of any country; documentation of his birth was destroyed during the genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, You still had relatives in Cambodia. He spent the first few weeks of his new life in Southeast Asia, reconnecting with his aunt in the Cambodian countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hadn’t seen her in nearly 50 years, but she offered to sponsor his Cambodian citizenship application.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>New life in Cambodia\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You’s aunt hooked him up with a third-floor studio on the outskirts of Phnom Penh. After weeks of watching the neighborhood wake up from his balcony — food carts passing by, moms walking their kids to school — he started to feel more settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other adjustments have come more slowly. Because of the language barrier, You spends a lot of time alone in his apartment. He uses a translator app on his phone to communicate at restaurants or the grocery store, but he’s hesitant to date or make new friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a social person,” he said. “I want to mingle. I want to connect on a deeper level, and I don’t have the words to do that. And it feels really awkward because I can’t express (myself) fully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘You have to weigh it out like, does it matter when the law is already set in stone? Do you prolong your sentence and your stay if you know you’re gonna lose the case anyways?’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Phoeun You","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Everywhere he looks, You is reminded that he’s far away from home. Billboards are in different languages. There are no sidewalks or street lamps, and the food stalls still amaze him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People stare at him — which makes him uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look at me, and it’s like, OK: the tattoos, the shaved head … They’ll notice my accent is a little off. They get the hint like, ‘This guy’s not completely one of us.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very quickly, You had to start looking for a job in a country where he didn’t speak the language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his last job was more than two decades ago, working at a casino in Las Vegas. With some experience teaching English as a second language to adults at San Quentin, You thought he might land a similar gig in Phnom Penh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was applying for a good four months,” he said — pursuing around 20 different positions — but he kept getting turned down. “I was like, ‘Man, what is going on?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You wasn’t sure, but he had a sinking feeling that his criminal record in the U.S. followed him to Cambodia. He said most hiring managers didn’t know about his conviction right away, but when interviewers asked him what a working-aged man from the U.S. was doing in Phnom Penh, You felt like they were piecing things together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You spent months worrying he’d never get back on his feet. But finally, he broke through. In October 2023, he landed a job teaching English at an international school in Phnom Penh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the work is exhausting: He teaches five grade levels and isn’t paid much. But he said it’s helping him find purpose again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, he assigned his ninth-grade students to interview their parents. He said it’s sometimes difficult for Cambodians to communicate on a deeper level with their parents, so his goal is for them to get to know themselves better by learning about their family’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of my own past, growing up,” he said. “I didn’t know my parents enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You laments the lack of love and connection he felt at home as a kid. Part of him feels like life might have been different otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He can’t change the past, but he said that teaching helps him reflect on his childhood and look forward to a future with a family of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983313/after-parole-ice-deported-this-refugee-back-to-a-country-he-never-knew","authors":["byline_news_11983313"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_1169","news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_17725","news_18123","news_27626","news_21027","news_20202","news_20463"],"featImg":"news_11983320","label":"news_26731"},"news_11983492":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983492","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983492","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-a-pivotal-case-on-homelessness-could-redefine-policies-in-california-and-the-nation","title":"How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation","publishDate":1713564963,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral arguments on Monday in a case that could have major implications for how cities across the country address homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-175.html\">City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Gloria Johnson\u003c/a>, hinges on whether a local government can issue fines and jail people for camping on public property when there isn’t enough shelter available. The Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled this was cruel and unusual punishment. Opponents appealed that ruling to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most important case about homelessness in at least 40 years,” said Jesse Rabinowitz of the Homelessness Law Center. “This will either make it easier for cities to punish people for sleeping outside … or it will push cities to fund actual solutions to homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As homelessness spikes, cities and states seek tools to help them clean up their streets. In California and around the country, officials are turning to camping bans, encampment sweeps and other policies that target unhoused people to reduce visible homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, where there’s an ongoing lawsuit over the city’s encampment sweeps, a district court magistrate relied on the Ninth Circuit’s ruling in this case for an injunction restricting camp clearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This judicial intervention has harmed both San Francisco’s housed and unhoused populations by causing obstructed and inaccessible sidewalks, unsafe encampments, and fewer unhoused people to accept services,” San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu told the Supreme Court in a brief encouraging the justices to take up the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about the Grants Pass case:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Background\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2018, lawyers filed suit against the small city of Grants Pass, Oregon, on behalf of unhoused residents, arguing it was unconstitutional to cite and arrest people for sleeping outside in the absence of any viable alternative for shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were \u003ca href=\"https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2024/04/with-oregon-homelessness-case-headed-to-supreme-court-spotlight-falls-on-portland-lawyer-unhoused-people-in-grants-pass.html\">ticketed, fined\u003c/a>, arrested and jailed for living outside in Grants Pass with as little as a blanket or a tarp to survive,” said Ed Johnson, litigation director at The Oregon Law Center, who filed the suit, noting that the city has a shortage of affordable housing and shelter space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11816673\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tents line a gravel sidewalk off Fulton Street near City Hall on May 5, 2020. On Wednesday, city staffers started drawing out socially distant spaces with chalk on the street for the tents to stay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents line a gravel sidewalk off Fulton Street near City Hall on May 5, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The federal district court in Medford, Oregon, sided with them. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, whose jurisdiction covers nine western states, later upheld that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Grants Pass then asked the Supreme Court to review the appellate court’s decision. Officials across the political map, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/280288/20230922163648635_Amicus%20Brief%20for%20Governor%20Newsom%20-%20Grants%20Pass_Final.pdf\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>, the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco and a group of \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/280428/20230925170042238_No%2023-175_AmicusBrief.pdf\">20 conservative-led states,\u003c/a> also asked SCOTUS to take up the case, saying lower court rulings have tied their hands when it comes to addressing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This case is closely related to another major homelessness case, Martin v. Boise, in which the Ninth Circuit ruled in 2018 that unhoused people can’t be punished for sleeping outside on public property in the absence of adequate alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grants Pass case relies on that precedent, and some see it as going even further because it applies to civil penalties, not just criminal ones. The city has asked the justices to take on the central issue at play in both cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the impacts of this ruling could depend on which particular issues the court chooses to take up and how narrowly it rules. However, many observers believe the court’s decision will encompass both the Boise and Grants Pass rulings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments in opposition: Cities should be able to clear encampments, issue citations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The city of Grants Pass argues the previous rulings in this case are a roadblock to addressing the homelessness crisis and that fines and short jail stints for camping on public property don’t violate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their brief, lawyers for the city defend the city’s policies, explaining that base fines for violating the camping ordinance are $295 and repeat offenders can face criminal trespass charges, punishable by 30 days in jail and $1,250 in fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11949350\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a homeless encampment with trailers, tents and people's belongings scattered about underneath a freeway overpass.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A compound seen from above after damage from a nearby fire at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those punishments are neither ‘cruel’ nor ‘unusual’ in any ordinary sense of those words,” they write. “For centuries, fines and imprisonment have been the default methods of punishing criminal offenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue the courts have overstepped, stripping local governments of “traditional police powers.” Grants Pass, along with other cities and opponents of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling, agrees, arguing the ruling and related cases are unclear and have been interpreted too broadly — for instance, to essentially require cities to build enough shelter for every unhoused person — making them impractical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot, they say, is rising homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Encampments have multiplied unchecked throughout the West because generally applicable restrictions on public camping no longer play their critical deterrent role,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their briefings, Chiu and lawyers representing Newsom made similar arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments in support: Encampment bans are ‘cruel and unusual punishment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Attorneys and advocates for the unhoused Grants Pass residents say the lower court rulings are far narrower than cities claim. They argue the rulings do give cities leeway to regulate encampments and even clear them — but not to ban camps outright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs’ attorneys argue punishing people living on the streets will not solve homelessness — only make it worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983521\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man sits at a tent encampment where he currently lives on Fulton Street near City Hall on April 5, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If our Bill of Rights is to mean anything, it must mean that governments cannot fine, arrest and incarcerate those who have nowhere else to go,” Johnson said. “We should and we must expect better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for people experiencing homelessness also argue camping bans and similar policies are expensive and ineffective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Relying on jails and tickets to respond to homelessness pushes our neighbors deeper into poverty and makes it harder for them to secure jobs and housing,” Rabinowitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates further argue that camping bans and similar policies are bad for people’s health because they disrupt connections to health care and supportive services, erode trust in law enforcement and create additional obstacles to finding housing and employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have criminal records created by these practices,” said Donald Whitehead, executive director of the National Coalition for the Homeless. “They do not end homelessness; the person after they are arrested, fined and jailed still are living outside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who’s weighing in?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 80 amicus briefs have been filed in the case, about evenly split in their support for the two parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siding with the city of Grants Pass, the attorneys general of 24 conservative states \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2FDocketPDF%2F23%2F23-175%2F302093%2F20240301172330264_44869%2520pdf%2520Considine.pdf\">argue the decision\u003c/a> “infringes their sovereign authority over homelessness policy and criminal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11133746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11133746\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS13835_mission_camp_for_web-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless encampment in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Eric Lawson/San Francisco Public Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They write, “The Ninth Circuit cannot solve homelessness, and it should not try. It is states and localities that have the local knowledge needed to address the problem, and it is states and localities that ultimately bear the costs of homelessness and of homeless policy. It should be states and localities that make the decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California sheriffs and police associations, along with the California State Association of Counties and the League of California Cities, and national conservative legal groups like the Cicero Institute are among those weighing in on behalf of Grants Pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups backing the city’s unhoused residents include the ACLU and other national human rights groups, along with “57 Social Scientists with Published Research on Homelessness” and several California-based nonprofits, including the Western Regional Advocacy Project and Advocates for Empowerment CA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2FDocketPDF%2F23%2F23-175%2F306693%2F20240403164735760_APA%2520et%2520al.%2520amicus%2520brief%2520-%2520Grants%2520Pass%2520v.%2520Johnson%2520-%2520No.%252023-175.pdf\">their brief\u003c/a>, the American Psychiatric Association and several other mental health groups argue criminalizing homelessness can worsen physical and mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with mental illness experiencing homelessness already face various barriers to accessing mental health treatment; incarceration exacerbates these barriers,” the brief reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parties, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/302264/20240304183726571_23-175npUnitedStates.pdf\">Biden administration\u003c/a>, Newsom and Chiu, don’t back either party. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcityattorney.org/2024/03/01/san-francisco-files-amicus-brief-with-u-s-supreme-court-in-grants-pass/\">In a statement,\u003c/a> Chiu said it doesn’t make sense to “punish status or criminally prosecute homeless individuals for being homeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But, the Ninth Circuit in Grants Pass went well beyond that central idea and misapplied the law,” Chiu continued. “It has left cities like San Francisco without the necessary tools to compassionately address homelessness and ensure our streets and public spaces are safe and accessible to all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Possible outcomes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One option is for the justices to uphold the lower courts’ rulings that criminalizing behaviors like sleeping, lying down and sitting in public, when no alternative shelter is provided, violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, the court could overturn that precedent, giving cities the green light to cite, arrest and jail people for sleeping in public, regardless of whether or not there’s shelter available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983526\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An unhoused individual sorts through his belongings to decide what he would take to a storage space and what would be disposed of by CalTrans at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Aug. 18, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a 1962 case, Robinson v. California, the Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional to punish someone for being a drug addict — a “status” rather than an “act.” Sunita Patel, faculty director of the UCLA Veterans Legal Clinic, said the court could decide to upend even this precedent. Patel represented the National Coalition on Homeless Veterans and other veterans service providers in their amicus brief before the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst case scenario for the plaintiffs and for unhoused folks is that the court takes this as broadly as they can, and they try to get rid of older precedent,” Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other observers are wary the court will take on such “status offenses,” which would allow cities to criminalize people just for being homeless, she said, and have sweeping implications for civil liberties in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third option is for the court to take a middle road that limits the scope of the lower court rulings, said Ron Hochbaum, head of the University of the Pacific McGeorge Law School’s Homeless Advocacy Clinic and filed a brief in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the justices could require law enforcement or the courts to determine whether the unhoused person cited had access to shelter whenever a camping ban was enforced. Or, they could allow cities to ban public camping so long as those restrictions are limited to certain places. The U.S. Justice Department endorsed that approach in its amicus brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s very little telling how the court will ultimately rule, Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Supreme Court, in particular, is unpredictable,” she said. “We don’t know what they’re going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What could it mean for California?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If the court sides with the city of Grants Pass, lawmakers could more aggressively enforce anti-camping laws already on the books or pass new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While advocates point out that cities have continued to clear encampments despite the rulings, Devon Kurtz of the Cicero Institute argues that the Ninth Circuit’s rulings in both Grants Pass and Martin v. Boise have had a chilling effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983527\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalTrans workers move in to clear garbage from the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s concern that if they were to enforce their camping ordinances, then they could be subject to litigation, and that’s true,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks the most dramatic change could happen in small cities “that have been really, really reticent to enforce their camping ordinances of any variety out of fear that their insurance premiums are going to go through the roof if they start getting sued,” he said. “They might feel a little bit more confident in taking these steps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1011\">bipartisan bill\u003c/a> that would have made it easier to clear encampments and issue civil citations for sleeping on the streets died in the Legislature this year but is emblematic of the larger debate around how to respond to encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles have said they’re not interested in aggressively jailing people, but they’re looking for clarity from the court about what constitutes “involuntary” homelessness and adequate shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Newsom said he was looking forward to arguments in the case, expressing hope that its resolution will allow for greater progress toward reducing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, to me, just about common sense — not about ideology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1bHIqjIDhaGQPCtqalJxOPzYP-LHwzeCo9sFCIJl8RcE&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The U.S. Supreme Court will hear arguments on Monday on if it's lawful for local governments to criminalize sleeping outside when shelter space is insufficient, potentially impacting urban policies on homeless encampments.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713569645,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":57,"wordCount":2205},"headData":{"title":"How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation | KQED","description":"The U.S. Supreme Court will hear arguments on Monday on if it's lawful for local governments to criminalize sleeping outside when shelter space is insufficient, potentially impacting urban policies on homeless encampments.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation","datePublished":"2024-04-19T22:16:03.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T23:34:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983492/how-a-pivotal-case-on-homelessness-could-redefine-policies-in-california-and-the-nation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral arguments on Monday in a case that could have major implications for how cities across the country address homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-175.html\">City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Gloria Johnson\u003c/a>, hinges on whether a local government can issue fines and jail people for camping on public property when there isn’t enough shelter available. The Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled this was cruel and unusual punishment. Opponents appealed that ruling to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most important case about homelessness in at least 40 years,” said Jesse Rabinowitz of the Homelessness Law Center. “This will either make it easier for cities to punish people for sleeping outside … or it will push cities to fund actual solutions to homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As homelessness spikes, cities and states seek tools to help them clean up their streets. In California and around the country, officials are turning to camping bans, encampment sweeps and other policies that target unhoused people to reduce visible homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, where there’s an ongoing lawsuit over the city’s encampment sweeps, a district court magistrate relied on the Ninth Circuit’s ruling in this case for an injunction restricting camp clearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This judicial intervention has harmed both San Francisco’s housed and unhoused populations by causing obstructed and inaccessible sidewalks, unsafe encampments, and fewer unhoused people to accept services,” San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu told the Supreme Court in a brief encouraging the justices to take up the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about the Grants Pass case:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Background\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2018, lawyers filed suit against the small city of Grants Pass, Oregon, on behalf of unhoused residents, arguing it was unconstitutional to cite and arrest people for sleeping outside in the absence of any viable alternative for shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were \u003ca href=\"https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2024/04/with-oregon-homelessness-case-headed-to-supreme-court-spotlight-falls-on-portland-lawyer-unhoused-people-in-grants-pass.html\">ticketed, fined\u003c/a>, arrested and jailed for living outside in Grants Pass with as little as a blanket or a tarp to survive,” said Ed Johnson, litigation director at The Oregon Law Center, who filed the suit, noting that the city has a shortage of affordable housing and shelter space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11816673\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tents line a gravel sidewalk off Fulton Street near City Hall on May 5, 2020. On Wednesday, city staffers started drawing out socially distant spaces with chalk on the street for the tents to stay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents line a gravel sidewalk off Fulton Street near City Hall on May 5, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The federal district court in Medford, Oregon, sided with them. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, whose jurisdiction covers nine western states, later upheld that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Grants Pass then asked the Supreme Court to review the appellate court’s decision. Officials across the political map, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/280288/20230922163648635_Amicus%20Brief%20for%20Governor%20Newsom%20-%20Grants%20Pass_Final.pdf\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>, the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco and a group of \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/280428/20230925170042238_No%2023-175_AmicusBrief.pdf\">20 conservative-led states,\u003c/a> also asked SCOTUS to take up the case, saying lower court rulings have tied their hands when it comes to addressing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This case is closely related to another major homelessness case, Martin v. Boise, in which the Ninth Circuit ruled in 2018 that unhoused people can’t be punished for sleeping outside on public property in the absence of adequate alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grants Pass case relies on that precedent, and some see it as going even further because it applies to civil penalties, not just criminal ones. The city has asked the justices to take on the central issue at play in both cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the impacts of this ruling could depend on which particular issues the court chooses to take up and how narrowly it rules. However, many observers believe the court’s decision will encompass both the Boise and Grants Pass rulings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments in opposition: Cities should be able to clear encampments, issue citations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The city of Grants Pass argues the previous rulings in this case are a roadblock to addressing the homelessness crisis and that fines and short jail stints for camping on public property don’t violate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their brief, lawyers for the city defend the city’s policies, explaining that base fines for violating the camping ordinance are $295 and repeat offenders can face criminal trespass charges, punishable by 30 days in jail and $1,250 in fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11949350\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a homeless encampment with trailers, tents and people's belongings scattered about underneath a freeway overpass.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A compound seen from above after damage from a nearby fire at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those punishments are neither ‘cruel’ nor ‘unusual’ in any ordinary sense of those words,” they write. “For centuries, fines and imprisonment have been the default methods of punishing criminal offenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue the courts have overstepped, stripping local governments of “traditional police powers.” Grants Pass, along with other cities and opponents of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling, agrees, arguing the ruling and related cases are unclear and have been interpreted too broadly — for instance, to essentially require cities to build enough shelter for every unhoused person — making them impractical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot, they say, is rising homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Encampments have multiplied unchecked throughout the West because generally applicable restrictions on public camping no longer play their critical deterrent role,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their briefings, Chiu and lawyers representing Newsom made similar arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments in support: Encampment bans are ‘cruel and unusual punishment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Attorneys and advocates for the unhoused Grants Pass residents say the lower court rulings are far narrower than cities claim. They argue the rulings do give cities leeway to regulate encampments and even clear them — but not to ban camps outright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs’ attorneys argue punishing people living on the streets will not solve homelessness — only make it worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983521\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man sits at a tent encampment where he currently lives on Fulton Street near City Hall on April 5, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If our Bill of Rights is to mean anything, it must mean that governments cannot fine, arrest and incarcerate those who have nowhere else to go,” Johnson said. “We should and we must expect better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for people experiencing homelessness also argue camping bans and similar policies are expensive and ineffective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Relying on jails and tickets to respond to homelessness pushes our neighbors deeper into poverty and makes it harder for them to secure jobs and housing,” Rabinowitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates further argue that camping bans and similar policies are bad for people’s health because they disrupt connections to health care and supportive services, erode trust in law enforcement and create additional obstacles to finding housing and employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have criminal records created by these practices,” said Donald Whitehead, executive director of the National Coalition for the Homeless. “They do not end homelessness; the person after they are arrested, fined and jailed still are living outside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who’s weighing in?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 80 amicus briefs have been filed in the case, about evenly split in their support for the two parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siding with the city of Grants Pass, the attorneys general of 24 conservative states \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2FDocketPDF%2F23%2F23-175%2F302093%2F20240301172330264_44869%2520pdf%2520Considine.pdf\">argue the decision\u003c/a> “infringes their sovereign authority over homelessness policy and criminal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11133746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11133746\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS13835_mission_camp_for_web-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless encampment in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Eric Lawson/San Francisco Public Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They write, “The Ninth Circuit cannot solve homelessness, and it should not try. It is states and localities that have the local knowledge needed to address the problem, and it is states and localities that ultimately bear the costs of homelessness and of homeless policy. It should be states and localities that make the decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California sheriffs and police associations, along with the California State Association of Counties and the League of California Cities, and national conservative legal groups like the Cicero Institute are among those weighing in on behalf of Grants Pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups backing the city’s unhoused residents include the ACLU and other national human rights groups, along with “57 Social Scientists with Published Research on Homelessness” and several California-based nonprofits, including the Western Regional Advocacy Project and Advocates for Empowerment CA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2FDocketPDF%2F23%2F23-175%2F306693%2F20240403164735760_APA%2520et%2520al.%2520amicus%2520brief%2520-%2520Grants%2520Pass%2520v.%2520Johnson%2520-%2520No.%252023-175.pdf\">their brief\u003c/a>, the American Psychiatric Association and several other mental health groups argue criminalizing homelessness can worsen physical and mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with mental illness experiencing homelessness already face various barriers to accessing mental health treatment; incarceration exacerbates these barriers,” the brief reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parties, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/302264/20240304183726571_23-175npUnitedStates.pdf\">Biden administration\u003c/a>, Newsom and Chiu, don’t back either party. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcityattorney.org/2024/03/01/san-francisco-files-amicus-brief-with-u-s-supreme-court-in-grants-pass/\">In a statement,\u003c/a> Chiu said it doesn’t make sense to “punish status or criminally prosecute homeless individuals for being homeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But, the Ninth Circuit in Grants Pass went well beyond that central idea and misapplied the law,” Chiu continued. “It has left cities like San Francisco without the necessary tools to compassionately address homelessness and ensure our streets and public spaces are safe and accessible to all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Possible outcomes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One option is for the justices to uphold the lower courts’ rulings that criminalizing behaviors like sleeping, lying down and sitting in public, when no alternative shelter is provided, violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, the court could overturn that precedent, giving cities the green light to cite, arrest and jail people for sleeping in public, regardless of whether or not there’s shelter available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983526\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An unhoused individual sorts through his belongings to decide what he would take to a storage space and what would be disposed of by CalTrans at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Aug. 18, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a 1962 case, Robinson v. California, the Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional to punish someone for being a drug addict — a “status” rather than an “act.” Sunita Patel, faculty director of the UCLA Veterans Legal Clinic, said the court could decide to upend even this precedent. Patel represented the National Coalition on Homeless Veterans and other veterans service providers in their amicus brief before the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst case scenario for the plaintiffs and for unhoused folks is that the court takes this as broadly as they can, and they try to get rid of older precedent,” Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other observers are wary the court will take on such “status offenses,” which would allow cities to criminalize people just for being homeless, she said, and have sweeping implications for civil liberties in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third option is for the court to take a middle road that limits the scope of the lower court rulings, said Ron Hochbaum, head of the University of the Pacific McGeorge Law School’s Homeless Advocacy Clinic and filed a brief in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the justices could require law enforcement or the courts to determine whether the unhoused person cited had access to shelter whenever a camping ban was enforced. Or, they could allow cities to ban public camping so long as those restrictions are limited to certain places. The U.S. Justice Department endorsed that approach in its amicus brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s very little telling how the court will ultimately rule, Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Supreme Court, in particular, is unpredictable,” she said. “We don’t know what they’re going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What could it mean for California?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If the court sides with the city of Grants Pass, lawmakers could more aggressively enforce anti-camping laws already on the books or pass new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While advocates point out that cities have continued to clear encampments despite the rulings, Devon Kurtz of the Cicero Institute argues that the Ninth Circuit’s rulings in both Grants Pass and Martin v. Boise have had a chilling effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983527\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalTrans workers move in to clear garbage from the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s concern that if they were to enforce their camping ordinances, then they could be subject to litigation, and that’s true,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks the most dramatic change could happen in small cities “that have been really, really reticent to enforce their camping ordinances of any variety out of fear that their insurance premiums are going to go through the roof if they start getting sued,” he said. “They might feel a little bit more confident in taking these steps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1011\">bipartisan bill\u003c/a> that would have made it easier to clear encampments and issue civil citations for sleeping on the streets died in the Legislature this year but is emblematic of the larger debate around how to respond to encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles have said they’re not interested in aggressively jailing people, but they’re looking for clarity from the court about what constitutes “involuntary” homelessness and adequate shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Newsom said he was looking forward to arguments in the case, expressing hope that its resolution will allow for greater progress toward reducing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, to me, just about common sense — not about ideology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1bHIqjIDhaGQPCtqalJxOPzYP-LHwzeCo9sFCIJl8RcE&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983492/how-a-pivotal-case-on-homelessness-could-redefine-policies-in-california-and-the-nation","authors":["11276"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_27626","news_4020","news_1775","news_1172"],"featImg":"news_11983495","label":"news_72"},"news_11983439":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983439","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983439","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"alameda-county-da-files-manslaughter-charges-against-police-officers-in-mario-gonzalezs-death","title":"Alameda County DA Charges 3 Police Officers With Manslaughter in Death of Mario Gonzalez","publishDate":1713497857,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Alameda County DA Charges 3 Police Officers With Manslaughter in Death of Mario Gonzalez | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price on Thursday announced her office had filed involuntary manslaughter charges against three Alameda police officers involved in the 2021 death of Mario Gonzalez, a young, unarmed man who stopped breathing after they pinned him face-down to the ground in a city park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price’s move to file felony charges against the officers — Eric McKinley, James Fisher and Cameron Leahy — reverses the decision of her predecessor, \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910601/no-criminal-charges-against-alameda-officers-in-death-of-mario-gonzalez\" data-link=\"native\">who in 2022 declined to charge them after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Gonzalez case was one of the highest-profile of \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/eastbay/article/alameda-county-d-a-reopening-investigations-for-17754790.php\" data-link=\"native\">eight police shootings or in-custody deaths\u003c/a> that Price, a former civil rights attorney, reopened shortly after taking office last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Thursday press conference, Price said she had been “walled off” from this particular case and that her office’s Public Accountability Unit had independently made the charging decision. Price created that unit after taking office to review officer misconduct cases like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important that we have a Public Accountability Unit, that we hold people accountable when there is harm, and that we don’t have a double standard,” said Price, who is also now facing \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/pamela-price-alameda-county-da-face-recall-vote-19404771.php\" data-link=\"native\">a recall election\u003c/a>. “We won’t be able to administer justice if the community doesn’t trust that the system is going to work for everybody on an equal basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to rebuild trust in a system that has not always been fair to folks, particularly in Alameda County,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If convicted, the officers could face up to four years in state prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Thursday’s press conference, Price declined to say if any new evidence had been introduced that may have influenced the decision to bring the new charges, which were were filed just before the criminal statute of limitations expired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three officers continue to work in law enforcement. Fisher is a Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputy, while Leahy and McKinley are still at the Alameda Police Department. The two were placed on leave on April 17, after the department was notified of the charges, Alameda Police Chief Nishant Joshi said in a statement on Friday.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"mario-gonzalez\"]Joshi, who became chief shortly after the incident, said he was confident in the justice system and pledged to fully cooperate with the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also noted that he had conducted his own “independent review” of the multiple previous investigations — including those done by the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office, the Coroner’s Bureau, and the city — and said he “concurred that Alameda police officers did not engage in any misconduct and I stand by that decision today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alison Berry Wilkinson, an attorney who represented the three officers during the previous investigations, blasted the DA’s decision, calling it a blatant act of “political prosecution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The District Attorney waited until the 11th hour before the statute of limitations was set to expire to bring these charges just days after it was confirmed she would face recall,” she said in an email statement. “There is no new evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkinson defended the officers’ actions while taking Gonzalez into custody as “reasonable, necessary, and lawful” and attributed his death to “drug toxicity, not criminal misconduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident a jury will see through this charade and exonerate the officers, just as the two prior independent investigations did,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oakland civil rights attorney Michael Haddad praised the DA’s decision to file charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These charges are long overdue. They’re not excessive,” Haddad told KQED on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very appropriate and in fact obvious in this situation. I think that from our work in the civil case, we basically gave the district attorney this case tied up in a bow, just from the records we filed in open court,” he said. “And it’s really clear that a jury should decide whether these officers are criminally responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez, a 26-year-old man from Oakland, was confronted by three police officers in a small Alameda park on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871345/city-of-alameda-releases-police-body-cam-footage-of-mario-gonzalez-death\">morning of April 19, 2021\u003c/a>, after several neighbors called 911 reporting a man behaving erratically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As captured in the nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBJnToNolHw\">hour-long police body camera video\u003c/a>, the interaction began calmly but quickly escalated after the officers made repeated, unsuccessful attempts to obtain Gonzalez’s full name and ID. They then grabbed him without ever accusing him of a crime or placing him under arrest. When Gonzalez resisted, the officers took him to the ground, pinning him on his stomach, with at least one of them pressing an elbow and knee into his back and shoulder as he struggled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers continued to hold Gonzalez in a prone position, his hands restrained behind his back, for roughly five minutes, at which point he went limp and appeared to stop breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After officers performed CPR and administered at least two doses of Narcan, a drug used to counteract opiate overdoses, paramedics rushed Gonzalez to Alameda Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident sparked fierce local protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2022 review of the case by then-DA Nancy O’Malley’s office found the officers acted reasonably out of concern that Gonzalez might pose a threat to them, himself and others. O’Malley’s office said the officers had tried to “deescalate” the situation by using “necessary” force but never struck Gonzalez or used any illicit chokeholds or weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An autopsy \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedaca.gov/files/assets/public/alameda-pio/gonzalez-mario-coroners-investigation.pdf\">performed by the Alameda County coroner (PDF)\u003c/a>, and released nearly eight months after the incident, classified Gonzalez’s death as a homicide, but identified the “toxic effects of methamphetamine” as the leading cause of his fatal cardiac arrest. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Second-autopsy-finds-Mario-Gonzalez-died-of-17131892.php\">subsequent independent autopsy\u003c/a>, requested by attorneys representing Gonzalez’s family, classified the death as a homicide, attributing it to “restraint asphyxiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Weisberg, law professor and co-director of Stanford University’s Criminal Justice Center, told KQED on Friday it would be a potentially close case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These would be difficult jury questions,” Weisberg said. “First if the restraint even played a significant causal role in his death, and second of course whether the officers displayed gross negligence or recklessness in supplying that excessive pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can imagine a judge saying ‘Yes, I think there’s sufficient evidence,’ from which a jury could conclude that there’s a basis for an involuntary manslaughter charge. But it’s very tough to say whether a jury would come to that conclusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last December, the city of Alameda agreed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11970180/attorney-for-family-of-mario-gonzalez-calls-11-million-settlement-a-historic-amount\">to pay $11 million to Gonzalez’s 7-year-old son\u003c/a> and $350,000 to his mother to settle a civil rights suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The move by District Attorney Pamela Price's office to file felony involuntary manslaughter charges against the officers reverses the decision of her predecessor, who in 2022 declined to charge them after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713575700,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1199},"headData":{"title":"Alameda County DA Charges 3 Police Officers With Manslaughter in Death of Mario Gonzalez | KQED","description":"The move by District Attorney Pamela Price's office to file felony involuntary manslaughter charges against the officers reverses the decision of her predecessor, who in 2022 declined to charge them after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Alameda County DA Charges 3 Police Officers With Manslaughter in Death of Mario Gonzalez","datePublished":"2024-04-19T03:37:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-20T01:15:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983439/alameda-county-da-files-manslaughter-charges-against-police-officers-in-mario-gonzalezs-death","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price on Thursday announced her office had filed involuntary manslaughter charges against three Alameda police officers involved in the 2021 death of Mario Gonzalez, a young, unarmed man who stopped breathing after they pinned him face-down to the ground in a city park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price’s move to file felony charges against the officers — Eric McKinley, James Fisher and Cameron Leahy — reverses the decision of her predecessor, \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910601/no-criminal-charges-against-alameda-officers-in-death-of-mario-gonzalez\" data-link=\"native\">who in 2022 declined to charge them after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Gonzalez case was one of the highest-profile of \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/eastbay/article/alameda-county-d-a-reopening-investigations-for-17754790.php\" data-link=\"native\">eight police shootings or in-custody deaths\u003c/a> that Price, a former civil rights attorney, reopened shortly after taking office last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Thursday press conference, Price said she had been “walled off” from this particular case and that her office’s Public Accountability Unit had independently made the charging decision. Price created that unit after taking office to review officer misconduct cases like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important that we have a Public Accountability Unit, that we hold people accountable when there is harm, and that we don’t have a double standard,” said Price, who is also now facing \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/pamela-price-alameda-county-da-face-recall-vote-19404771.php\" data-link=\"native\">a recall election\u003c/a>. “We won’t be able to administer justice if the community doesn’t trust that the system is going to work for everybody on an equal basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to rebuild trust in a system that has not always been fair to folks, particularly in Alameda County,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If convicted, the officers could face up to four years in state prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Thursday’s press conference, Price declined to say if any new evidence had been introduced that may have influenced the decision to bring the new charges, which were were filed just before the criminal statute of limitations expired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three officers continue to work in law enforcement. Fisher is a Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputy, while Leahy and McKinley are still at the Alameda Police Department. The two were placed on leave on April 17, after the department was notified of the charges, Alameda Police Chief Nishant Joshi said in a statement on Friday.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"mario-gonzalez"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Joshi, who became chief shortly after the incident, said he was confident in the justice system and pledged to fully cooperate with the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also noted that he had conducted his own “independent review” of the multiple previous investigations — including those done by the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office, the Coroner’s Bureau, and the city — and said he “concurred that Alameda police officers did not engage in any misconduct and I stand by that decision today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alison Berry Wilkinson, an attorney who represented the three officers during the previous investigations, blasted the DA’s decision, calling it a blatant act of “political prosecution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The District Attorney waited until the 11th hour before the statute of limitations was set to expire to bring these charges just days after it was confirmed she would face recall,” she said in an email statement. “There is no new evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkinson defended the officers’ actions while taking Gonzalez into custody as “reasonable, necessary, and lawful” and attributed his death to “drug toxicity, not criminal misconduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident a jury will see through this charade and exonerate the officers, just as the two prior independent investigations did,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oakland civil rights attorney Michael Haddad praised the DA’s decision to file charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These charges are long overdue. They’re not excessive,” Haddad told KQED on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very appropriate and in fact obvious in this situation. I think that from our work in the civil case, we basically gave the district attorney this case tied up in a bow, just from the records we filed in open court,” he said. “And it’s really clear that a jury should decide whether these officers are criminally responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez, a 26-year-old man from Oakland, was confronted by three police officers in a small Alameda park on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871345/city-of-alameda-releases-police-body-cam-footage-of-mario-gonzalez-death\">morning of April 19, 2021\u003c/a>, after several neighbors called 911 reporting a man behaving erratically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As captured in the nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBJnToNolHw\">hour-long police body camera video\u003c/a>, the interaction began calmly but quickly escalated after the officers made repeated, unsuccessful attempts to obtain Gonzalez’s full name and ID. They then grabbed him without ever accusing him of a crime or placing him under arrest. When Gonzalez resisted, the officers took him to the ground, pinning him on his stomach, with at least one of them pressing an elbow and knee into his back and shoulder as he struggled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers continued to hold Gonzalez in a prone position, his hands restrained behind his back, for roughly five minutes, at which point he went limp and appeared to stop breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After officers performed CPR and administered at least two doses of Narcan, a drug used to counteract opiate overdoses, paramedics rushed Gonzalez to Alameda Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident sparked fierce local protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2022 review of the case by then-DA Nancy O’Malley’s office found the officers acted reasonably out of concern that Gonzalez might pose a threat to them, himself and others. O’Malley’s office said the officers had tried to “deescalate” the situation by using “necessary” force but never struck Gonzalez or used any illicit chokeholds or weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An autopsy \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedaca.gov/files/assets/public/alameda-pio/gonzalez-mario-coroners-investigation.pdf\">performed by the Alameda County coroner (PDF)\u003c/a>, and released nearly eight months after the incident, classified Gonzalez’s death as a homicide, but identified the “toxic effects of methamphetamine” as the leading cause of his fatal cardiac arrest. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Second-autopsy-finds-Mario-Gonzalez-died-of-17131892.php\">subsequent independent autopsy\u003c/a>, requested by attorneys representing Gonzalez’s family, classified the death as a homicide, attributing it to “restraint asphyxiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Weisberg, law professor and co-director of Stanford University’s Criminal Justice Center, told KQED on Friday it would be a potentially close case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These would be difficult jury questions,” Weisberg said. “First if the restraint even played a significant causal role in his death, and second of course whether the officers displayed gross negligence or recklessness in supplying that excessive pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can imagine a judge saying ‘Yes, I think there’s sufficient evidence,’ from which a jury could conclude that there’s a basis for an involuntary manslaughter charge. But it’s very tough to say whether a jury would come to that conclusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last December, the city of Alameda agreed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11970180/attorney-for-family-of-mario-gonzalez-calls-11-million-settlement-a-historic-amount\">to pay $11 million to Gonzalez’s 7-year-old son\u003c/a> and $350,000 to his mother to settle a civil rights suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983439/alameda-county-da-files-manslaughter-charges-against-police-officers-in-mario-gonzalezs-death","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_23318","news_29448","news_17725","news_27626","news_29381"],"featImg":"news_11872820","label":"news"},"forum_2010101905441":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905441","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905441","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"death-doula-alua-arthur-on-how-and-why-to-prepare-for-the-end","title":"Death Doula Alua Arthur on How and Why to Prepare for the End","publishDate":1713474304,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Death Doula Alua Arthur on How and Why to Prepare for the End | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>Alua Arthur is a death doula — someone who helps people prepare logistically, mentally and emotionally for the end of life. There are practical considerations, like memorial planning and medical directives. And then there’s the act of thinking how we’d ideally want to die — outdoors or indoors, surrounded by loved ones, arguments resolved — that shows what’s most important to us and can help us live in alignment with those priorities. Arthur’s new memoir, “Briefly Perfectly Human,” is an account of the relationships she formed with her dying clients and the reflections they shared with her — including regrets in romance and work, their vulnerabilities in a failing body and what brought them authentic joy. We’ll talk to Arthur about how to ease our transitions to death and hear how tending to the dying has shaped her own life and outlook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We'll talk to Arthur about how to ease our transitions to death and hear how tending to the dying has shaped her own life and outlook.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713555445,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":156},"headData":{"title":"Death Doula Alua Arthur on How and Why to Prepare for the End | KQED","description":"We'll talk to Arthur about how to ease our transitions to death and hear how tending to the dying has shaped her own life and outlook.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Death Doula Alua Arthur on How and Why to Prepare for the End","datePublished":"2024-04-18T21:05:04.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T19:37:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6185751653.mp3?updated=1713555657","airdate":1713546000,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Alua Arthur","bio":"death doula, attorney, and adjunct professor; author, “Briefly Perfectly Human: Making an Authentic Life by Getting Real About the End\"; founder, Going with Grace — a death doula training and end-of-life planning organization"}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905441/death-doula-alua-arthur-on-how-and-why-to-prepare-for-the-end","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alua Arthur is a death doula — someone who helps people prepare logistically, mentally and emotionally for the end of life. There are practical considerations, like memorial planning and medical directives. And then there’s the act of thinking how we’d ideally want to die — outdoors or indoors, surrounded by loved ones, arguments resolved — that shows what’s most important to us and can help us live in alignment with those priorities. Arthur’s new memoir, “Briefly Perfectly Human,” is an account of the relationships she formed with her dying clients and the reflections they shared with her — including regrets in romance and work, their vulnerabilities in a failing body and what brought them authentic joy. We’ll talk to Arthur about how to ease our transitions to death and hear how tending to the dying has shaped her own life and outlook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905441/death-doula-alua-arthur-on-how-and-why-to-prepare-for-the-end","authors":["243"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905444","label":"forum"},"news_11983497":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983497","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983497","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-legislation-could-make-it-easier-for-california-pet-owners-to-rent-an-apartment","title":"California Pet Owners Could Rent Apartments More Easily Under New Bill","publishDate":1713560452,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Pet Owners Could Rent Apartments More Easily Under New Bill | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California pet owners struggling to find a rental that accepts their furry, four-legged family members could have an easier time leasing new housing under proposed state legislation that would ban blanket no-pets policies and prohibit landlords from charging additional fees for common companions like cats and dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of the bill, which recently cleared a key committee, say the lack of pet-friendly units is pushing renters to forgo housing or relinquish beloved pets to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/animal-shelter-pets-dogs-cats-housing-cf03d25dbda4ccccb402c4d4804d6bc2\">overcrowded shelters\u003c/a>. They say the legislation also would allow more tenants with unapproved pets to come out of the shadows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento renter Andrea Amavisca said she and her partner searched for more than a month for a place that would accept their 2-year-old cattle dog mix. Options were few and prospective landlords would not return her calls after learning the couple had a dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They finally found a two-bedroom apartment after meeting with the landlord and putting down an extra $500 for the security deposit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really awful that there are these restrictions you have to take into consideration when making a personal life choice,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But landlords are pushing back, saying they’re worried over the cost of repairs, liability over potential dog bites and nuisance issues that might drive away other tenants. They also want state lawmakers to allow higher security deposits — which legislators limited to one month’s rent last year — to scrub out possible urine and feces stains in carpets or repair damage to wood floors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are bad people, and there are bad dogs, and our job is to screen that and make sure that we’re providing a safe environment for everyone,” said Russell Lowery, executive director of the California Rental Housing Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal authored by Assemblymember Matt Haney, a San Francisco Democrat and chair of the renters’ caucus, would not require all landlords to accept common household pets, such as cats and dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, landlords would have to provide reasonable justifications, such as public health, for denying a pet. A landlord could not inquire about pets until after approving an applicant, and applicants would have to notify the landlord that they have a pet or plan to get one at least three days prior to signing a lease. Should the landlord deny the pet, the applicant would then decide whether to seek housing elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landlord could also not require additional rent or security deposit for a pet. If approved, the bill would apply to new leases starting on or after Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivan Blackshear already rents to tenants with cats at his triplex in Chico, a small city north of Sacramento. But he said the question of pets and deposits should be left to the property owner and any agreement they reach with their tenants. It should not, he said, be mandated by politicians trying to curry favor with voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chasing mom-and-pop landlords like myself — small investors like myself — out of California is not going to solve the high price of rent; it actually is going to make it worse,” said Blackshear, who once had to replace the wood flooring in a rental due to a tenant with a cat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Isaac Bryan, a Democrat representing parts of Los Angeles, said he and his fiancée, an attorney, were shut out of renting several places just because of Darius, their well-behaved Great Dane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11976208,forum_2010101895171,forum_2010101894032\"]“Darius is the sweetest dog,” said Bryan, who is vice chair of the legislative renters’ caucus. “And so it was shocking, and it showed that this simple barrier of having a companion animal could lead directly to housing insecurity and homelessness, if not addressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal welfare groups are among those supporting the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Dunn, director of Oakland Animal Services, said the number of people giving up their pets has soared since the city of Oakland’s eviction moratorium ended last summer. In 2022, the shelter averaged nearly 240 dogs relinquished each month; now, it is 350 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing a huge spike in people who are saying they are newly homeless,” she said. “Or they’re choosing between being housed or being able to keep their pets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is headed to the Assembly for a floor vote. If it passes, it would then go to the Senate for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"AB 2216 would ban blanket no-pets policies and prohibit landlords from charging extra for security deposit and rent for tenants with cats, dogs or other common household animals. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713561336,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":759},"headData":{"title":"California Pet Owners Could Rent Apartments More Easily Under New Bill | KQED","description":"AB 2216 would ban blanket no-pets policies and prohibit landlords from charging extra for security deposit and rent for tenants with cats, dogs or other common household animals. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Pet Owners Could Rent Apartments More Easily Under New Bill","datePublished":"2024-04-19T21:00:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T21:15:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Terry Chea, Janie Har\u003cbr>Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983497/new-legislation-could-make-it-easier-for-california-pet-owners-to-rent-an-apartment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California pet owners struggling to find a rental that accepts their furry, four-legged family members could have an easier time leasing new housing under proposed state legislation that would ban blanket no-pets policies and prohibit landlords from charging additional fees for common companions like cats and dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of the bill, which recently cleared a key committee, say the lack of pet-friendly units is pushing renters to forgo housing or relinquish beloved pets to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/animal-shelter-pets-dogs-cats-housing-cf03d25dbda4ccccb402c4d4804d6bc2\">overcrowded shelters\u003c/a>. They say the legislation also would allow more tenants with unapproved pets to come out of the shadows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento renter Andrea Amavisca said she and her partner searched for more than a month for a place that would accept their 2-year-old cattle dog mix. Options were few and prospective landlords would not return her calls after learning the couple had a dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They finally found a two-bedroom apartment after meeting with the landlord and putting down an extra $500 for the security deposit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really awful that there are these restrictions you have to take into consideration when making a personal life choice,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But landlords are pushing back, saying they’re worried over the cost of repairs, liability over potential dog bites and nuisance issues that might drive away other tenants. They also want state lawmakers to allow higher security deposits — which legislators limited to one month’s rent last year — to scrub out possible urine and feces stains in carpets or repair damage to wood floors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are bad people, and there are bad dogs, and our job is to screen that and make sure that we’re providing a safe environment for everyone,” said Russell Lowery, executive director of the California Rental Housing Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal authored by Assemblymember Matt Haney, a San Francisco Democrat and chair of the renters’ caucus, would not require all landlords to accept common household pets, such as cats and dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, landlords would have to provide reasonable justifications, such as public health, for denying a pet. A landlord could not inquire about pets until after approving an applicant, and applicants would have to notify the landlord that they have a pet or plan to get one at least three days prior to signing a lease. Should the landlord deny the pet, the applicant would then decide whether to seek housing elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landlord could also not require additional rent or security deposit for a pet. If approved, the bill would apply to new leases starting on or after Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivan Blackshear already rents to tenants with cats at his triplex in Chico, a small city north of Sacramento. But he said the question of pets and deposits should be left to the property owner and any agreement they reach with their tenants. It should not, he said, be mandated by politicians trying to curry favor with voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chasing mom-and-pop landlords like myself — small investors like myself — out of California is not going to solve the high price of rent; it actually is going to make it worse,” said Blackshear, who once had to replace the wood flooring in a rental due to a tenant with a cat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Isaac Bryan, a Democrat representing parts of Los Angeles, said he and his fiancée, an attorney, were shut out of renting several places just because of Darius, their well-behaved Great Dane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11976208,forum_2010101895171,forum_2010101894032"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Darius is the sweetest dog,” said Bryan, who is vice chair of the legislative renters’ caucus. “And so it was shocking, and it showed that this simple barrier of having a companion animal could lead directly to housing insecurity and homelessness, if not addressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal welfare groups are among those supporting the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Dunn, director of Oakland Animal Services, said the number of people giving up their pets has soared since the city of Oakland’s eviction moratorium ended last summer. In 2022, the shelter averaged nearly 240 dogs relinquished each month; now, it is 350 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing a huge spike in people who are saying they are newly homeless,” she said. “Or they’re choosing between being housed or being able to keep their pets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is headed to the Assembly for a floor vote. If it passes, it would then go to the Senate for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983497/new-legislation-could-make-it-easier-for-california-pet-owners-to-rent-an-apartment","authors":["byline_news_11983497"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_1775","news_6244","news_29083"],"featImg":"news_11983504","label":"news"},"news_11983361":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983361","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983361","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-residents-to-join-gaza-aid-flotilla","title":"Gaza Aid Flotilla to Include Bay Area Residents","publishDate":1713470405,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Gaza Aid Flotilla to Include Bay Area Residents | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Three Bay Area residents arrived in Istanbul, Turkey, on Thursday to join the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, an international aid group that said it would attempt to break through Israel’s naval blockade to deliver 5,500 tons of humanitarian aid to Gaza by sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition has embarked on dozens of missions to deliver aid to Gaza since Israel imposed a near-total blockade on the territory in 2007. This latest mission, however, comes as more than 1 million people in Gaza endure “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/alerts-archive/issue-97/en/\">catastrophic food insecurity\u003c/a>.” Members of the UN Security Council recently \u003ca href=\"https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15658.doc.htm\">reiterated concerns over imminent famine in Gaza\u003c/a> and called for “the immediate lifting of all barriers to the delivery of humanitarian aid at scale to the civilian population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke to one of the activists from the Bay Area before he left for Turkey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is an emergency mission,” said Carlos Michaud, an Oakland resident who decided to join the coalition earlier this month. “Mass starvation is imminent if aid isn’t delivered immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flotilla is expected to comprise at least three vessels, including a cargo ship carrying most of the aid and two passenger ships. Several hundred people from dozens of countries plan to join the mission, many arriving in Istanbul this week. A press conference to announce more details of the trip is scheduled for Friday in a shipyard near Istanbul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the purpose of the trip is to bring international attention to the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, Michaud said. And though the goal is to deliver food, medicine and ambulances — he said it’s unlikely they will make it past Israel’s naval blockade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no guarantee of any of this, including that the Israeli occupation forces will not become violent when we reach the naval blockade,” he said. “But we are unarmed peace activists and legal observers and journalists that will be publicizing that we are coming through on a peaceful aid mission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the Israeli Navy \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/may/31/israeli-attacks-gaza-flotilla-activists\">raided the six ships of a flotilla aid mission to Gaza while it was in international waters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/04/gaza-flotilla-activists-autopsy-results\">The raid killed nine flotilla activists\u003c/a>, and another died after four years in a coma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fully aware of the dangers that we’re going into,” Michaud said. “This is by no means a suicide mission, but we are opting into a dangerous situation because we know that the unaccountable Israeli government is more accountable to what happens to us than to Palestinians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michaud said the international outcry among Western media and politicians over \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11981650/world-central-kitchen-has-fed-crisis-zones-for-years-including-in-california\">Israel’s killing of seven World Central Kitchen workers in Gaza earlier this month\u003c/a> shows “that some lives are more valuable than others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that [this mission] is our duty because our lives are more valued by the current power paradigm,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='gaza']Huwaida Arraf, an organizer of the Freedom Flotilla Coalition and a co-founder of the International Solidarity Movement, spoke to KQED from Istanbul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are demanding safe passage to Gaza,” Arraf said. “What we need is to be able to reach Gaza and deliver the aid to the people of Gaza. That is what we need. And that is what we are demanding that our governments help ensure, but we don’t know what Israel will do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arraf has been on eight flotilla missions bound for Gaza, but this will be her first as a mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a mother of two elementary school children. The world that I want to pass on to them compels me to do what I’m doing despite the risks,” she said. “Our governments need to be doing this; our governments need to be forcing Israel to stop slaughtering and starving the Palestinian people — but they are not, and that compels civilians to take action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/04/04/readout-of-president-joe-bidens-call-with-prime-minister-netanyahu-of-israel-3/\">President Joe Biden told Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu\u003c/a> by phone that “the strikes on humanitarian workers and the overall humanitarian situation are unacceptable.” Since Oct. 7, the U.S. has approved more than 100 separate military sales to Israel, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/03/06/us-weapons-israel-gaza/\">according to \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israeli bombardment of Gaza since Oct. 7 has left more than 30,000 people dead and more than 75,000 wounded, according to local health authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fighting, not only to save people’s lives but also for a world in which this is never allowed to happen,” Arraf said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Three Bay Area residents will join a multi-vessel attempt by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition to break Israel's naval blockade of Gaza, aiming to transport 5,500 tons of humanitarian aid.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713481945,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":778},"headData":{"title":"Gaza Aid Flotilla to Include Bay Area Residents | KQED","description":"Three Bay Area residents will join a multi-vessel attempt by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition to break Israel's naval blockade of Gaza, aiming to transport 5,500 tons of humanitarian aid.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Gaza Aid Flotilla to Include Bay Area Residents","datePublished":"2024-04-18T20:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-18T23:12:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983361/bay-area-residents-to-join-gaza-aid-flotilla","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three Bay Area residents arrived in Istanbul, Turkey, on Thursday to join the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, an international aid group that said it would attempt to break through Israel’s naval blockade to deliver 5,500 tons of humanitarian aid to Gaza by sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition has embarked on dozens of missions to deliver aid to Gaza since Israel imposed a near-total blockade on the territory in 2007. This latest mission, however, comes as more than 1 million people in Gaza endure “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/alerts-archive/issue-97/en/\">catastrophic food insecurity\u003c/a>.” Members of the UN Security Council recently \u003ca href=\"https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15658.doc.htm\">reiterated concerns over imminent famine in Gaza\u003c/a> and called for “the immediate lifting of all barriers to the delivery of humanitarian aid at scale to the civilian population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke to one of the activists from the Bay Area before he left for Turkey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is an emergency mission,” said Carlos Michaud, an Oakland resident who decided to join the coalition earlier this month. “Mass starvation is imminent if aid isn’t delivered immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flotilla is expected to comprise at least three vessels, including a cargo ship carrying most of the aid and two passenger ships. Several hundred people from dozens of countries plan to join the mission, many arriving in Istanbul this week. A press conference to announce more details of the trip is scheduled for Friday in a shipyard near Istanbul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the purpose of the trip is to bring international attention to the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, Michaud said. And though the goal is to deliver food, medicine and ambulances — he said it’s unlikely they will make it past Israel’s naval blockade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no guarantee of any of this, including that the Israeli occupation forces will not become violent when we reach the naval blockade,” he said. “But we are unarmed peace activists and legal observers and journalists that will be publicizing that we are coming through on a peaceful aid mission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the Israeli Navy \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/may/31/israeli-attacks-gaza-flotilla-activists\">raided the six ships of a flotilla aid mission to Gaza while it was in international waters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/04/gaza-flotilla-activists-autopsy-results\">The raid killed nine flotilla activists\u003c/a>, and another died after four years in a coma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fully aware of the dangers that we’re going into,” Michaud said. “This is by no means a suicide mission, but we are opting into a dangerous situation because we know that the unaccountable Israeli government is more accountable to what happens to us than to Palestinians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michaud said the international outcry among Western media and politicians over \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11981650/world-central-kitchen-has-fed-crisis-zones-for-years-including-in-california\">Israel’s killing of seven World Central Kitchen workers in Gaza earlier this month\u003c/a> shows “that some lives are more valuable than others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that [this mission] is our duty because our lives are more valued by the current power paradigm,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"gaza"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Huwaida Arraf, an organizer of the Freedom Flotilla Coalition and a co-founder of the International Solidarity Movement, spoke to KQED from Istanbul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are demanding safe passage to Gaza,” Arraf said. “What we need is to be able to reach Gaza and deliver the aid to the people of Gaza. That is what we need. And that is what we are demanding that our governments help ensure, but we don’t know what Israel will do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arraf has been on eight flotilla missions bound for Gaza, but this will be her first as a mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a mother of two elementary school children. The world that I want to pass on to them compels me to do what I’m doing despite the risks,” she said. “Our governments need to be doing this; our governments need to be forcing Israel to stop slaughtering and starving the Palestinian people — but they are not, and that compels civilians to take action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/04/04/readout-of-president-joe-bidens-call-with-prime-minister-netanyahu-of-israel-3/\">President Joe Biden told Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu\u003c/a> by phone that “the strikes on humanitarian workers and the overall humanitarian situation are unacceptable.” Since Oct. 7, the U.S. has approved more than 100 separate military sales to Israel, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/03/06/us-weapons-israel-gaza/\">according to \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israeli bombardment of Gaza since Oct. 7 has left more than 30,000 people dead and more than 75,000 wounded, according to local health authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fighting, not only to save people’s lives but also for a world in which this is never allowed to happen,” Arraf said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983361/bay-area-residents-to-join-gaza-aid-flotilla","authors":["11896"],"categories":["news_31795","news_28250","news_8"],"tags":["news_6631"],"featImg":"news_11983282","label":"news"},"news_11983323":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983323","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983323","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"despite-progress-black-californians-still-face-major-challenges-in-closing-equality-gap","title":"Despite Progress, Black Californians Still Face Major Challenges In Closing Equality Gap","publishDate":1713450378,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Despite Progress, Black Californians Still Face Major Challenges In Closing Equality Gap | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Study Looks At Quality Of Life Improvements, Challenges Facing Black Californians\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a new study out that takes a demographic and socioeconomic snapshot of African-Americans in the Golden State. It’s called the state of Black California. Despite gains in the quality of life for Black Californians over a 20-year period, the study found that racial inequality continues to persist compared to other racial and ethnic groups.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Michael Stoll, Professor of Public Policy, UCLA\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Autonomous Taxi Bill Advances In Sacramento\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A bill that would give California cities and counties the ability to regulate robotaxi services has passed its first test in the Legislature – despite doubts expressed by some lawmakers. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Dan Brekke, KQED \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713452062,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":124},"headData":{"title":"Despite Progress, Black Californians Still Face Major Challenges In Closing Equality Gap | KQED","description":"Study Looks At Quality Of Life Improvements, Challenges Facing Black Californians There’s a new study out that takes a demographic and socioeconomic snapshot of African-Americans in the Golden State. It’s called the state of Black California. Despite gains in the quality of life for Black Californians over a 20-year period, the study found that racial inequality continues to persist compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Guest: Michael Stoll, Professor of Public Policy, UCLA Autonomous Taxi Bill Advances In Sacramento A bill that would give California cities and counties the ability to regulate robotaxi services has passed its first test","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Despite Progress, Black Californians Still Face Major Challenges In Closing Equality Gap","datePublished":"2024-04-18T14:26:18.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-18T14:54:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Morning Report","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrarchive/","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC2484021200.mp3?updated=1713452252","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983323/despite-progress-black-californians-still-face-major-challenges-in-closing-equality-gap","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Study Looks At Quality Of Life Improvements, Challenges Facing Black Californians\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a new study out that takes a demographic and socioeconomic snapshot of African-Americans in the Golden State. It’s called the state of Black California. Despite gains in the quality of life for Black Californians over a 20-year period, the study found that racial inequality continues to persist compared to other racial and ethnic groups.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Michael Stoll, Professor of Public Policy, UCLA\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Autonomous Taxi Bill Advances In Sacramento\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A bill that would give California cities and counties the ability to regulate robotaxi services has passed its first test in the Legislature – despite doubts expressed by some lawmakers. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Dan Brekke, KQED \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983323/despite-progress-black-californians-still-face-major-challenges-in-closing-equality-gap","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_21291"],"tags":["news_21998","news_21268"],"featImg":"news_11983324","label":"source_news_11983323"},"news_11395418":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11395418","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11395418","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"living-in-limbo-california-immigrant-stories-in-trumps-america","title":"Living in Limbo: California Immigrant Stories in Trump's America","publishDate":1492817414,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>President Donald Trump's surprising rise to the White House was fueled in large part by his hard-line stance on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He promised to end protections for children brought to the United States illegally, build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border and increase immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months into his presidency, Trump has followed through on these plans to varying degrees, leaving millions of immigrants in California and across the country still trying to figure out what his policies will mean for them and their loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 21, \u003cem>The California Report Magazine\u003c/em> produced a special edition highlighting the stories of four Californians whose lives are stuck in limbo as they wait to see what the future holds for them and their families in Trump's America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to the full special:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/04/2017-04-21-tcrmag.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24993_TCR-Mag-Immigration-Banner-qut-1920x628.jpg\" Title=\"Living in Limbo: California Immigrant Stories in Trump's America\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They came from Yemen, Guatemala, Macau and Mexico. Two came with visas; two came without. Their stories and lives are different, but they're all in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\">Maguiber\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418398\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11418398 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Maguiber was detained by ICE on Febuary 9. His wife, Yiby, is unemployed and now watches their three children by herself. Their 8-year-old, Kevin, is disabled and Yibi is worried about the financial burden her partner's detention is causing.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maguiber was detained by ICE on Febuary 9. His wife, Yibi, is unemployed and now watches their three children by herself. Their 8-year-old, Kevin, is disabled and Yibi is worried about the financial burden her partner's detention is causing. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Name: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">Maguiber\u003c/a> (asked not to use last name while deportation case is pending)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Home \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Country: \u003c/strong>Guatemala\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Home: \u003c/strong>Oakland\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Year Immigrated: \u003c/strong>2008\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How entered country: \u003c/strong>unknown\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reason for limbo: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">Detained in West County Detention Facility\u003c/a> in Richmond, awaiting deportation hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote aligncenter\">'We’re optimistic that everything comes out well, but we know that the judge has the last word.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Yibi Heras, Magubier's wife on her husband's pending deportation case\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/20/should-a-mistake-made-long-ago-doom-this-immigrants-future/\" target=\"_blank\">Daniel Maher\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418401\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Daniel Maher stands in front of a pile of recycling at the Berkeley Ecology Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Maher stands in front of a pile of recycling at the Berkeley Ecology Center, where he directs the fleet and mentors at-risk youth. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Name: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/20/should-a-mistake-made-long-ago-doom-this-immigrants-future/\" target=\"_blank\">Daniel Maher\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Home Country: \u003c/strong>Macau (former Portuguese colony, now Chinese autonomous territory)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Home: \u003c/strong>Hayward\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Year Immigrated: \u003c/strong>1977\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How entered country: \u003c/strong>With green card, accompanied by parents\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reason for limbo: \u003c/strong>Deportable because of a past crime, but China won't accept U.S. deportees\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote aligncenter\">'Does one moment in time justify changing a person's life for the long term, or can we change it for the better; give that person a second chance because he's shown that he's changed? I'm all for that second chance.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Daniel Maher, on deportation fears 16 years after getting out of prison\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/12/dreamer-sees-path-to-escape-immigration-limbo/\" target=\"_blank\">Olivia\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11396793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11396793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her de-stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her relieve stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Name: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/12/dreamer-sees-path-to-escape-immigration-limbo/\" target=\"_blank\">Olivia\u003c/a> (asked not to use real name out of fear of deportation)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Home Country: \u003c/strong>Mexico\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Home:\u003c/strong> San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Year immigrated: \u003c/strong>1999\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How entered country: \u003c/strong>Crossed U.S.-Mexico border at age 10 without documentation\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reason for limbo: \u003c/strong>Uncertainty surrounding Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and whether her marriage will allow her to adjust her status\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote aligncenter\">'There's so much uncertainty, and it just makes you feel so helpless that you just have to sit back and wait. It's not a nice way to live. There isn't protection for people with DACA. There just isn't.'\u003ccite>Olivia, DACA recipient\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/21/for-a-longtime-citizen-the-trump-age-brings-uncertainty/\" target=\"_blank\">Moe\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418402\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418402\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Saber Askar, better known as "Moe," stands outside his apartment in East Porterville. He is a U.S. citizen, and he's struggling to bring his family to the United States from Yemen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saber Askar, better known as \"Moe,\" stands outside his apartment in East Porterville in the Central Valley. He is a U.S. citizen, and he's struggling to bring his family to the United States from Yemen. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Name: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/21/for-a-longtime-citizen-the-trump-age-brings-uncertainty/\" target=\"_blank\">Saber Askar (\"Moe\")\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Home \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Country: \u003c/strong>Yemen\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Home: \u003c/strong>East Porterville\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Year Immigrated: \u003c/strong>1988\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How entered country: \u003c/strong>As a lawful permanent resident through an application by his U.S. citizen father\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reason for limbo: \u003c/strong>Trying to bring his family over from war-torn Yemen\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote aligncenter\">'They make me bleed inside when I talk to them. I don’t know what to do. Every time I call I’m afraid they [won't] answer anymore.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Moe, on trying to bring his family to the U.S. from Yemen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Four Californians share their stories of the fear and uncertainty of being an immigrant in the U.S.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1492818560,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":750},"headData":{"title":"Living in Limbo: California Immigrant Stories in Trump's America | KQED","description":"Four Californians share their stories of the fear and uncertainty of being an immigrant in the U.S.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Living in Limbo: California Immigrant Stories in Trump's America","datePublished":"2017-04-21T23:30:14.000Z","dateModified":"2017-04-21T23:49:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"11260","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11260","found":true},"name":"Ryan Levi","firstName":"Ryan","lastName":"Levi","slug":"rlevi","email":"rlevi@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Ryan Levi was a reporter and podcast producer at KQED News from 2016-2019. He worked on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay/\">The Bay, \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>, as well as hosting and producing the weekly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/qedup/\">Q'ed Up podcast. \u003c/a>He also helped inaugurate KQED's weekend news coverage in 2017 as one of two original digital producers. Ryan holds degrees in multimedia journalism and Spanish from the University of Missouri.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ryan_levi","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"breakingnews","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ryan Levi | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rlevi"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24993_TCR-Mag-Immigration-Banner-qut-1020x334.jpg","width":1020,"height":334,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24993_TCR-Mag-Immigration-Banner-qut-1020x334.jpg","width":1020,"height":334,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["Donald Trump","tcr","the-california-report-featured","undocumented immigrants"]}},"disqusIdentifier":"11395418 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11395418","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/21/living-in-limbo-california-immigrant-stories-in-trumps-america/","disqusTitle":"Living in Limbo: California Immigrant Stories in Trump's America","path":"/news/11395418/living-in-limbo-california-immigrant-stories-in-trumps-america","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Donald Trump's surprising rise to the White House was fueled in large part by his hard-line stance on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He promised to end protections for children brought to the United States illegally, build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border and increase immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months into his presidency, Trump has followed through on these plans to varying degrees, leaving millions of immigrants in California and across the country still trying to figure out what his policies will mean for them and their loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 21, \u003cem>The California Report Magazine\u003c/em> produced a special edition highlighting the stories of four Californians whose lives are stuck in limbo as they wait to see what the future holds for them and their families in Trump's America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to the full special:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/04/2017-04-21-tcrmag.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24993_TCR-Mag-Immigration-Banner-qut-1920x628.jpg","title":"Living in Limbo: California Immigrant Stories in Trump's America","program":"The California Report","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They came from Yemen, Guatemala, Macau and Mexico. Two came with visas; two came without. Their stories and lives are different, but they're all in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\">Maguiber\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418398\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11418398 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Maguiber was detained by ICE on Febuary 9. His wife, Yiby, is unemployed and now watches their three children by herself. Their 8-year-old, Kevin, is disabled and Yibi is worried about the financial burden her partner's detention is causing.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Maguiber-and-Family-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maguiber was detained by ICE on Febuary 9. His wife, Yibi, is unemployed and now watches their three children by herself. Their 8-year-old, Kevin, is disabled and Yibi is worried about the financial burden her partner's detention is causing. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Name: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">Maguiber\u003c/a> (asked not to use last name while deportation case is pending)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Home \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Country: \u003c/strong>Guatemala\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Home: \u003c/strong>Oakland\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Year Immigrated: \u003c/strong>2008\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How entered country: \u003c/strong>unknown\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reason for limbo: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">Detained in West County Detention Facility\u003c/a> in Richmond, awaiting deportation hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote aligncenter\">'We’re optimistic that everything comes out well, but we know that the judge has the last word.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Yibi Heras, Magubier's wife on her husband's pending deportation case\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/20/should-a-mistake-made-long-ago-doom-this-immigrants-future/\" target=\"_blank\">Daniel Maher\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418401\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Daniel Maher stands in front of a pile of recycling at the Berkeley Ecology Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Daniel-Maher-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Maher stands in front of a pile of recycling at the Berkeley Ecology Center, where he directs the fleet and mentors at-risk youth. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Name: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/20/should-a-mistake-made-long-ago-doom-this-immigrants-future/\" target=\"_blank\">Daniel Maher\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Home Country: \u003c/strong>Macau (former Portuguese colony, now Chinese autonomous territory)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Home: \u003c/strong>Hayward\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Year Immigrated: \u003c/strong>1977\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How entered country: \u003c/strong>With green card, accompanied by parents\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reason for limbo: \u003c/strong>Deportable because of a past crime, but China won't accept U.S. deportees\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote aligncenter\">'Does one moment in time justify changing a person's life for the long term, or can we change it for the better; give that person a second chance because he's shown that he's changed? I'm all for that second chance.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Daniel Maher, on deportation fears 16 years after getting out of prison\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/12/dreamer-sees-path-to-escape-immigration-limbo/\" target=\"_blank\">Olivia\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11396793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11396793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her de-stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her relieve stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Name: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/12/dreamer-sees-path-to-escape-immigration-limbo/\" target=\"_blank\">Olivia\u003c/a> (asked not to use real name out of fear of deportation)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Home Country: \u003c/strong>Mexico\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Home:\u003c/strong> San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Year immigrated: \u003c/strong>1999\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How entered country: \u003c/strong>Crossed U.S.-Mexico border at age 10 without documentation\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reason for limbo: \u003c/strong>Uncertainty surrounding Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and whether her marriage will allow her to adjust her status\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote aligncenter\">'There's so much uncertainty, and it just makes you feel so helpless that you just have to sit back and wait. It's not a nice way to live. There isn't protection for people with DACA. There just isn't.'\u003ccite>Olivia, DACA recipient\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/21/for-a-longtime-citizen-the-trump-age-brings-uncertainty/\" target=\"_blank\">Moe\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418402\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418402\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Saber Askar, better known as "Moe," stands outside his apartment in East Porterville. He is a U.S. citizen, and he's struggling to bring his family to the United States from Yemen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Moe-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saber Askar, better known as \"Moe,\" stands outside his apartment in East Porterville in the Central Valley. He is a U.S. citizen, and he's struggling to bring his family to the United States from Yemen. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Name: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/21/for-a-longtime-citizen-the-trump-age-brings-uncertainty/\" target=\"_blank\">Saber Askar (\"Moe\")\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Home \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Country: \u003c/strong>Yemen\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Home: \u003c/strong>East Porterville\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Year Immigrated: \u003c/strong>1988\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How entered country: \u003c/strong>As a lawful permanent resident through an application by his U.S. citizen father\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reason for limbo: \u003c/strong>Trying to bring his family over from war-torn Yemen\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote aligncenter\">'They make me bleed inside when I talk to them. I don’t know what to do. Every time I call I’m afraid they [won't] answer anymore.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Moe, on trying to bring his family to the U.S. from Yemen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11395418/living-in-limbo-california-immigrant-stories-in-trumps-america","authors":["11260"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_1323","news_17286","news_17041","news_244"],"featImg":"news_11418556","label":"news_72","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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