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"content": "\u003cp>by Susanne Rust, \u003ca title=\"California Watch\" href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/stanford-researchers-estimate-more-deaths-fukushima-fallout-17146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51343\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 230px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/12/JapanNuclearSM4.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51343\" title=\"JapanNuclearSM4\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/12/JapanNuclearSM4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"155\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear plant after earthquake and tsunami. (Photo: DigitalGlobe via Getty)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New research suggests that the cancer and death toll from Fukushima may be higher than previously claimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a team of Stanford University researchers, most of these deaths will likely occur in Japan, but there could be as many as 30 casualties from radiation exposure in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers are in addition to the roughly 600 people who died as result of the evacuation near Fukushima after the plant’s meltdown in March 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new estimates stand in stark contrast to others, including the United Nations Science Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, which suggested there would be no deaths as a result of the radioactive release. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/03/15/japan-nuclear-fallout-and-the-risk-to-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Japan Nuclear Fallout and the Risk to California\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (News Fix, Mar 15, 2011)\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Jacobson\u003c/a>, co-author of the study and an environmental and civil engineer at Stanford University, said he didn’t have any expectations when he started looking into the issue but wasn’t surprised that the claim of “zero health impacts” was not correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am very familiar with the health impacts of air pollutants and particulate matter,” Jacobson said. “If you reduce the concentration you’ll have fewer health impacts. Why should this be any different?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a handle on how the radiation was distributed, Jacobson and Ten Hoeve, another Stanford researcher, used a 3-D global atmospheric model they actively use to track and trace pollutants across the globe. The model is based on more than 20 years of research collected by Jacobson, who is particularly interested in the migration of pollutants from mainland Asia to California.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when the Fukushima disaster happened, he figured he’d throw radiation into the analysis and build a model that could track the released iodine and cesium.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>Stanford researchers: There could be as many as 30 casualties from radiation exposure in North America.\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, it moved around in similar fashion to other pollutants, with iodine behaving like a gas and cesium like a particulate. With prevailing westerly winds, only about 19 percent of the fallout made it to land, and the rest drifted out to sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then combined that information with a standard health-effects model, which is used by public health researchers to estimate exposure to radioactivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that the number of deaths would likely range between 15 and 1,300, with a best estimate of 130, while the number of people acquiring cancer as a result would range between 24 and 2,500, with a best estimate of 180.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most deaths and cancer cases are likely to occur in Japan, but there may be a few in mainland Asia and as far away as North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These worldwide levels are relatively low,” Hoeve said in a press statement. He said these numbers should “serve to manage the fear in other countries that the disaster had an extensive global reach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research appears in Tuesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/ee/c2ee22019a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy and Environmental Science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Carroll, program director of the Ploughshares Fund, an antinuclear organization, said he thought the casualties seemed a little low and stressed that this kind of epidemiological data is highly uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is extremely difficult to predict the long-term effects of radiation, especially when you start factoring in things like different types of radiation, at different levels, at constant low levels, on different people,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the difference between death by a thousand cuts or death by a guillotine,” he explained. “So much of our data is based on large doses of exposure to radiation, not the constant, low levels. Which cut eventually killed the person? The 999th or the 1,000th?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobson agreed that the epidemiological data is the most uncertain, which is why their projected ranges were so wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said one of the reasons the deaths may seem so low is that only about 19 percent of the fallout found its way to land; the rest went out to sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the same accident had happened at Diablo Canyon, Jacobson said, 45 percent of the radiation would find its way to land. Therefore, despite the fact that the population density around Diablo Canyon is a fourth of that around the Japanese power plant, the death rate would be 25 percent higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobson said one of the most important factors, however, in keeping deaths from climbing in a disaster like this is a swift government response. And it is likely, in large part, the Japanese government’s response that prevented Fukushima from becoming Chernobyl, where nothing was done to remove people from the surrounding area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Susanne Rust is an investigative journalist for \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/stanford-researchers-estimate-more-deaths-fukushima-fallout-17146\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "by Susanne Rust, California Watch New research suggests that the cancer and death toll from Fukushima may be higher than previously claimed. According to a team of Stanford University researchers, most of these deaths will likely occur in Japan, but there could be as many as 30 casualties from radiation exposure in North America. These numbers are in addition to the roughly 600 people who died as result of the evacuation near Fukushima after the plant’s meltdown in March 2011. The new estimates stand in stark contrast to others, including the United Nations Science Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, which suggested",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>by Susanne Rust, \u003ca title=\"California Watch\" href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/stanford-researchers-estimate-more-deaths-fukushima-fallout-17146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51343\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 230px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/12/JapanNuclearSM4.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51343\" title=\"JapanNuclearSM4\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/12/JapanNuclearSM4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"155\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear plant after earthquake and tsunami. (Photo: DigitalGlobe via Getty)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New research suggests that the cancer and death toll from Fukushima may be higher than previously claimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a team of Stanford University researchers, most of these deaths will likely occur in Japan, but there could be as many as 30 casualties from radiation exposure in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers are in addition to the roughly 600 people who died as result of the evacuation near Fukushima after the plant’s meltdown in March 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new estimates stand in stark contrast to others, including the United Nations Science Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, which suggested there would be no deaths as a result of the radioactive release. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/03/15/japan-nuclear-fallout-and-the-risk-to-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Japan Nuclear Fallout and the Risk to California\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (News Fix, Mar 15, 2011)\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Jacobson\u003c/a>, co-author of the study and an environmental and civil engineer at Stanford University, said he didn’t have any expectations when he started looking into the issue but wasn’t surprised that the claim of “zero health impacts” was not correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am very familiar with the health impacts of air pollutants and particulate matter,” Jacobson said. “If you reduce the concentration you’ll have fewer health impacts. Why should this be any different?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a handle on how the radiation was distributed, Jacobson and Ten Hoeve, another Stanford researcher, used a 3-D global atmospheric model they actively use to track and trace pollutants across the globe. The model is based on more than 20 years of research collected by Jacobson, who is particularly interested in the migration of pollutants from mainland Asia to California.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when the Fukushima disaster happened, he figured he’d throw radiation into the analysis and build a model that could track the released iodine and cesium.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>Stanford researchers: There could be as many as 30 casualties from radiation exposure in North America.\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, it moved around in similar fashion to other pollutants, with iodine behaving like a gas and cesium like a particulate. With prevailing westerly winds, only about 19 percent of the fallout made it to land, and the rest drifted out to sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then combined that information with a standard health-effects model, which is used by public health researchers to estimate exposure to radioactivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that the number of deaths would likely range between 15 and 1,300, with a best estimate of 130, while the number of people acquiring cancer as a result would range between 24 and 2,500, with a best estimate of 180.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most deaths and cancer cases are likely to occur in Japan, but there may be a few in mainland Asia and as far away as North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These worldwide levels are relatively low,” Hoeve said in a press statement. He said these numbers should “serve to manage the fear in other countries that the disaster had an extensive global reach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research appears in Tuesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/ee/c2ee22019a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy and Environmental Science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Carroll, program director of the Ploughshares Fund, an antinuclear organization, said he thought the casualties seemed a little low and stressed that this kind of epidemiological data is highly uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is extremely difficult to predict the long-term effects of radiation, especially when you start factoring in things like different types of radiation, at different levels, at constant low levels, on different people,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the difference between death by a thousand cuts or death by a guillotine,” he explained. “So much of our data is based on large doses of exposure to radiation, not the constant, low levels. Which cut eventually killed the person? The 999th or the 1,000th?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobson agreed that the epidemiological data is the most uncertain, which is why their projected ranges were so wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said one of the reasons the deaths may seem so low is that only about 19 percent of the fallout found its way to land; the rest went out to sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the same accident had happened at Diablo Canyon, Jacobson said, 45 percent of the radiation would find its way to land. Therefore, despite the fact that the population density around Diablo Canyon is a fourth of that around the Japanese power plant, the death rate would be 25 percent higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobson said one of the most important factors, however, in keeping deaths from climbing in a disaster like this is a swift government response. And it is likely, in large part, the Japanese government’s response that prevented Fukushima from becoming Chernobyl, where nothing was done to remove people from the surrounding area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Susanne Rust is an investigative journalist for \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/stanford-researchers-estimate-more-deaths-fukushima-fallout-17146\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/study-attempts-reveal-science-behind-gaydar-16222\">\u003cstrong>California Watch\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a scholarly journal published a study this week on the purported existence of \"gaydar,\" the reaction ranged from \"no duh\" to offended.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0036671\">Read the study\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Just how can someone accurately predict a person's sexuality based\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>on a fleeting glimpse of a photograph?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new research from the University of Washington may shed some light. The researchers suggest that gaydar is a complex mental process that involves not only identifying particular facial features, but also those features’ configurations and relationships to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research appears in this week’s journal of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0036671\" target=\"_blank\">Public Library of Science.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all make snap judgments several times a day, every day, when encountering strangers. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call it intuition,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/spa/faculty/rule.php\" target=\"_blank\">Nicholas Rule\u003c/a>, a psychology researcher at the University of Toronto, who was not involved with this study. “When you get on a subway car and have only a split second to figure out who you’re going to sit next to, you’re using those first impressions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to scientists, we’re actually pretty good at making accurate snap judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are the obvious ones, such as telling the difference between a man and a woman, or gauging a person’s race or ethnicity, or assessing someone’s economic status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Rule and others’ research, we also can tell Mormons from non-Mormons (apparently, Mormons have healthier-looking skin), Democrats from Republicans (Democrats look kinder, Republicans more dominant), and we can apparently predict – based on high school photos – how long someone is going to live (something to do with impulsivity).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sexual orientation is another area\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>people have an ability to detect, the Public Library of Science article states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this latest research, Joshua Tabak at the University of Washington and his co-author, Vivian Zayas at Cornell University, tested the ability of college students to judge sexual orientation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They collected photos from Facebook in which the target had identified himself or herself as gay or straight. In order to make sure that there were no “clues” or extra-physical “giveaways,” they excluded photographs in which people were wearing obvious makeup or glasses, had visible piercings or sported facial hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then showed the photographs to the college students. But they let the students see each photo for only 50 milliseconds, which is about a third of the time it takes for a person to blink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that the students were better at guessing a person’s sexual orientation than you’d expect by chance. They also found that it was easier for the students to peg a woman’s sexual orientation – they did this 64 percent of the time accurately – than a man’s – which was around 57 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in order to figure out how the students were making their snap judgments, the researchers turned some of the photos upside down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Tabak, researchers have been unclear as to whether particular facial features – such as the eyes, nose or mouth – are the telltale sign or if it’s how the features are configured on the face – such as the distance between the eyes or the orientation of the lips relative to the chin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists know that we have specific neurons that are used when assessing these configurations. However, if you turn a photograph upside down, these neurons don’t fire. They become useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tabak found that the students still could tell sexual orientation when a photograph was turned upside down, but their accuracy decreased. He said this indicated that we’re using both feature assessment and configuration and that we use configuration to enhance our snap judgments of sexuality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both he and Rule said this kind of research, while interesting, could also have policy implications. The reality of gaydar, they say, undercuts arguments and laws, such as \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell,\" that rely on the premise that if sexuality is kept a secret, it will eliminate homophobia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, however, say this kind of research has no place in policy discussions and might instead serve anti-gay agendas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Belkin, director of the Los Angeles-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.palmcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Palm Center\u003c/a>, an advocacy group for LGBT members in the armed services, said he was \"almost\" offended by the research and was skeptical that it had any policy implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether or not people's perceptions about the sexual orientation of another are accurate, the need for anti-discrimination legislation is just as urgent,\" Belkin said. \"You can have an inaccurate perception and still discriminate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to pinpoint someone's sexual identity by physicality \"does not necessarily have any effectiveness on laws designed to protect\" groups of people who might be discriminated against, said Belkin, who is also an associate professor of political science at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belkin also pointed out that there is no way of knowing in this experiment whether some of those people photographed were gay and calling themselves straight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Belkin and Cathy Renna, a gay-rights advocate and managing partner of \u003ca href=\"http://rennacommunications.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Renna Communications\u003c/a>, said this kind of research implicitly condones stereotyping, even if that is not the intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s so interesting because it plays into the idea that there are stereotypes that exist because there are commonalities in certain groups of people that pop up,\" Renna said. \"But there are always those, maybe a majority, that don't fit those stereotypes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s like, what’s the point?\" she said. \"There’s real harm that can happen when we allow people to make assumptions. The reality is it is very easy to stay in the closet and not have people know you are LGBT. There are thousands upon thousands of people who have done it for years and decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Susanne Rust is an investigative journalist for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">\u003cem>California Watch\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "From California Watch When a scholarly journal published a study this week on the purported existence of "gaydar," the reaction ranged from "no duh" to offended. Read the study Just how can someone accurately predict a person's sexuality based on a fleeting glimpse of a photograph? But the new research from the University of Washington",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/study-attempts-reveal-science-behind-gaydar-16222\">\u003cstrong>California Watch\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a scholarly journal published a study this week on the purported existence of \"gaydar,\" the reaction ranged from \"no duh\" to offended.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0036671\">Read the study\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Just how can someone accurately predict a person's sexuality based\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>on a fleeting glimpse of a photograph?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new research from the University of Washington may shed some light. The researchers suggest that gaydar is a complex mental process that involves not only identifying particular facial features, but also those features’ configurations and relationships to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research appears in this week’s journal of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0036671\" target=\"_blank\">Public Library of Science.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all make snap judgments several times a day, every day, when encountering strangers. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call it intuition,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/spa/faculty/rule.php\" target=\"_blank\">Nicholas Rule\u003c/a>, a psychology researcher at the University of Toronto, who was not involved with this study. “When you get on a subway car and have only a split second to figure out who you’re going to sit next to, you’re using those first impressions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to scientists, we’re actually pretty good at making accurate snap judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are the obvious ones, such as telling the difference between a man and a woman, or gauging a person’s race or ethnicity, or assessing someone’s economic status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Rule and others’ research, we also can tell Mormons from non-Mormons (apparently, Mormons have healthier-looking skin), Democrats from Republicans (Democrats look kinder, Republicans more dominant), and we can apparently predict – based on high school photos – how long someone is going to live (something to do with impulsivity).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sexual orientation is another area\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>people have an ability to detect, the Public Library of Science article states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this latest research, Joshua Tabak at the University of Washington and his co-author, Vivian Zayas at Cornell University, tested the ability of college students to judge sexual orientation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They collected photos from Facebook in which the target had identified himself or herself as gay or straight. In order to make sure that there were no “clues” or extra-physical “giveaways,” they excluded photographs in which people were wearing obvious makeup or glasses, had visible piercings or sported facial hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then showed the photographs to the college students. But they let the students see each photo for only 50 milliseconds, which is about a third of the time it takes for a person to blink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that the students were better at guessing a person’s sexual orientation than you’d expect by chance. They also found that it was easier for the students to peg a woman’s sexual orientation – they did this 64 percent of the time accurately – than a man’s – which was around 57 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in order to figure out how the students were making their snap judgments, the researchers turned some of the photos upside down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Tabak, researchers have been unclear as to whether particular facial features – such as the eyes, nose or mouth – are the telltale sign or if it’s how the features are configured on the face – such as the distance between the eyes or the orientation of the lips relative to the chin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists know that we have specific neurons that are used when assessing these configurations. However, if you turn a photograph upside down, these neurons don’t fire. They become useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tabak found that the students still could tell sexual orientation when a photograph was turned upside down, but their accuracy decreased. He said this indicated that we’re using both feature assessment and configuration and that we use configuration to enhance our snap judgments of sexuality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both he and Rule said this kind of research, while interesting, could also have policy implications. The reality of gaydar, they say, undercuts arguments and laws, such as \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell,\" that rely on the premise that if sexuality is kept a secret, it will eliminate homophobia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, however, say this kind of research has no place in policy discussions and might instead serve anti-gay agendas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Belkin, director of the Los Angeles-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.palmcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Palm Center\u003c/a>, an advocacy group for LGBT members in the armed services, said he was \"almost\" offended by the research and was skeptical that it had any policy implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether or not people's perceptions about the sexual orientation of another are accurate, the need for anti-discrimination legislation is just as urgent,\" Belkin said. \"You can have an inaccurate perception and still discriminate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to pinpoint someone's sexual identity by physicality \"does not necessarily have any effectiveness on laws designed to protect\" groups of people who might be discriminated against, said Belkin, who is also an associate professor of political science at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belkin also pointed out that there is no way of knowing in this experiment whether some of those people photographed were gay and calling themselves straight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Belkin and Cathy Renna, a gay-rights advocate and managing partner of \u003ca href=\"http://rennacommunications.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Renna Communications\u003c/a>, said this kind of research implicitly condones stereotyping, even if that is not the intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s so interesting because it plays into the idea that there are stereotypes that exist because there are commonalities in certain groups of people that pop up,\" Renna said. \"But there are always those, maybe a majority, that don't fit those stereotypes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s like, what’s the point?\" she said. \"There’s real harm that can happen when we allow people to make assumptions. The reality is it is very easy to stay in the closet and not have people know you are LGBT. There are thousands upon thousands of people who have done it for years and decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Susanne Rust is an investigative journalist for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">\u003cem>California Watch\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "State Rewrites Textbook Chapter Influenced by Plastics Industry",
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"content": "\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/state-rewrites-textbook-chapter-influenced-plastics-industry-16073\">\u003cstrong>California Watch\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from politicians and environmental groups, California’s environmental agency has rewritten a chapter in a statewide K-12 curriculum on plastic bags that was influenced by the chemical and plastics industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 224px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/katerha/4359906568/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/05/plasticbagSM1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"plasticbagSM\" width=\"224\" height=\"222\" class=\"size-full wp-image-64590\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: katerha (flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new chapter, which was posted today for review, no longer includes a section titled, “The Advantages of Plastic Shopping Bags,” and it incorporates more recent and relevant recycling statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public can weigh in during the next 30 days on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calepa.ca.gov/education/eei/PublicCom/1157/Summary1157.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">revised chapter [PDF]\u003c/a> by visiting \u003ca href=\"http://www.calepa.ca.gov/education/eei/PublicCom/1157/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\">the website\u003c/a> for the state Environmental Protection Agency’s “education and the environment initiative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to support Cal/EPA’s ongoing efforts to transparently enhance the state’s education and environment initiative, including through this most recent public-comment process,” said Steve Russell, vice president of plastics for the American Chemistry Council. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, a \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/environment/plastics-industry-edited-environmental-textbook-12123\" target=\"_blank\">California Watch investigation\u003c/a> showed whole sections of the 11th-grade teachers’ edition guide for the new curriculum had been lifted almost verbatim from comments submitted by the American Chemistry Council. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the investigation was published, state schools chief Tom Torlakson \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/62859549\" target=\"_blank\">issued a statement\u003c/a> saying his office would work with Cal/EPA to examine the material and identify areas “where further review may be warranted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Fran Pavley\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>D-Agoura Hills, also called for an investigation, and Cal/EPA issued a statement saying they would review the chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am grateful for CalEPA’s work and allowing a public process for review,” Pavley said in a statement today. “I am pleased to see the EEI curriculum is staying true to the mission of providing educational materials that are factual, unbiased, academically appropriate and rigorous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Santa Cruz school librarian started a \u003ca href=\"http://www.change.org/petitions/remove-pro-plastic-bag-text-from-california-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\">petition\u003c/a> to have the chemical industry’s influence removed from the curriculum. To date, she has garnered more than 30,000 signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/29/are-paper-bags-really-that-much-better-than-plastic/\">\u003cstrong>Are Paper Bags Really That Much Better Than Plastic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (KQED News)\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Our concern always with the curriculum was to ensure integrity and accuracy,” said Bryan Ehlers, Cal/EPA’s assistant secretary for education and quality programs. “We went back and looked at the whole unit and really picked through it with a fine-tooth comb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revised chapter incorporates 33 changes, including deletions, additions and changes in the text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, a question in the teachers’ guide that was originally phrased: “What are the advantages of using plastic shopping bags?” now reads: “What factors have contributed to the consumption of plastic shopping bags?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another section, in which the original text had used recycling statistics offered by the American Chemistry Council,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>indicating a 12 percent rate of recycling for plastic shopping bags, the new text notes recycling rates of plastic shopping bags are largely unknown. It also shows state estimates, which hover closer to 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see from what we’ve released – particularly given that so much of it was written years ago – that we’ve updated a few statistics and made a few tweaks to make certain there is no bias. That certainly was never our intent,” Ehlers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that while reviewing the text, his office made sure not to begin biasing it in “the other direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Murray, executive director of the Sacramento-based Californians Against Waste, said he was “pleased with the changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are more evenhanded and honest with regards to plastic bag waste,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Susanne Rust is an investigative journalist at \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">\u003cstrong>California Watch\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "State Rewrites Textbook Chapter Influenced by Plastics Industry | KQED",
"description": "From California Watch Under pressure from politicians and environmental groups, California’s environmental agency has rewritten a chapter in a statewide K-12 curriculum on plastic bags that was influenced by the chemical and plastics industry. The new chapter, which was posted today for review, no longer includes a section titled, “The Advantages of Plastic Shopping Bags,” and it incorporates more recent and relevant recycling statistics. The public can weigh in during the next 30 days on the revised chapter by visiting the website for the state Environmental Protection Agency's "education and the environment initiative." "We continue to support Cal/EPA's ongoing",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/state-rewrites-textbook-chapter-influenced-plastics-industry-16073\">\u003cstrong>California Watch\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from politicians and environmental groups, California’s environmental agency has rewritten a chapter in a statewide K-12 curriculum on plastic bags that was influenced by the chemical and plastics industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 224px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/katerha/4359906568/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/05/plasticbagSM1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"plasticbagSM\" width=\"224\" height=\"222\" class=\"size-full wp-image-64590\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: katerha (flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new chapter, which was posted today for review, no longer includes a section titled, “The Advantages of Plastic Shopping Bags,” and it incorporates more recent and relevant recycling statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public can weigh in during the next 30 days on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calepa.ca.gov/education/eei/PublicCom/1157/Summary1157.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">revised chapter [PDF]\u003c/a> by visiting \u003ca href=\"http://www.calepa.ca.gov/education/eei/PublicCom/1157/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\">the website\u003c/a> for the state Environmental Protection Agency’s “education and the environment initiative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to support Cal/EPA’s ongoing efforts to transparently enhance the state’s education and environment initiative, including through this most recent public-comment process,” said Steve Russell, vice president of plastics for the American Chemistry Council. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, a \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/environment/plastics-industry-edited-environmental-textbook-12123\" target=\"_blank\">California Watch investigation\u003c/a> showed whole sections of the 11th-grade teachers’ edition guide for the new curriculum had been lifted almost verbatim from comments submitted by the American Chemistry Council. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the investigation was published, state schools chief Tom Torlakson \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/62859549\" target=\"_blank\">issued a statement\u003c/a> saying his office would work with Cal/EPA to examine the material and identify areas “where further review may be warranted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Fran Pavley\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>D-Agoura Hills, also called for an investigation, and Cal/EPA issued a statement saying they would review the chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am grateful for CalEPA’s work and allowing a public process for review,” Pavley said in a statement today. “I am pleased to see the EEI curriculum is staying true to the mission of providing educational materials that are factual, unbiased, academically appropriate and rigorous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Santa Cruz school librarian started a \u003ca href=\"http://www.change.org/petitions/remove-pro-plastic-bag-text-from-california-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\">petition\u003c/a> to have the chemical industry’s influence removed from the curriculum. To date, she has garnered more than 30,000 signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/29/are-paper-bags-really-that-much-better-than-plastic/\">\u003cstrong>Are Paper Bags Really That Much Better Than Plastic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (KQED News)\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Our concern always with the curriculum was to ensure integrity and accuracy,” said Bryan Ehlers, Cal/EPA’s assistant secretary for education and quality programs. “We went back and looked at the whole unit and really picked through it with a fine-tooth comb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revised chapter incorporates 33 changes, including deletions, additions and changes in the text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, a question in the teachers’ guide that was originally phrased: “What are the advantages of using plastic shopping bags?” now reads: “What factors have contributed to the consumption of plastic shopping bags?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another section, in which the original text had used recycling statistics offered by the American Chemistry Council,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>indicating a 12 percent rate of recycling for plastic shopping bags, the new text notes recycling rates of plastic shopping bags are largely unknown. It also shows state estimates, which hover closer to 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see from what we’ve released – particularly given that so much of it was written years ago – that we’ve updated a few statistics and made a few tweaks to make certain there is no bias. That certainly was never our intent,” Ehlers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that while reviewing the text, his office made sure not to begin biasing it in “the other direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Murray, executive director of the Sacramento-based Californians Against Waste, said he was “pleased with the changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are more evenhanded and honest with regards to plastic bag waste,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Susanne Rust is an investigative journalist at \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">\u003cstrong>California Watch\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Officials Perplexed by Out-of-State Euthanasia of Sea Lions",
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"content": "\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/state-officials-perplexed-sea-lion-killings-15704\">\u003cstrong>California Watch\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third salmon-eating California sea lion was captured and killed yesterday at the Bonneville Dam in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61739\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/sealion.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/sealion-300x243.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sealion\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61739\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Baird/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two sea lions were captured and chemically euthanized at the Columbia River dam by Washington state officials last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Oregon, Washington and federal wildlife officials say the killings are necessary to preserve endangered salmon populations, California officials expressed skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing predictions for record-high numbers of Chinook salmon this year along the Pacific coast, Andrew Hughan, a spokesman for the California Department of Fish and Game, said his agency was “perplexed” by the killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know salmon is a huge part of the Oregon economy, but is eliminating a couple of sea lions really going to make a difference?” Hughan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials estimate that a California sea lion eats about seven salmon a day. According to the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the two California sea lions were captured and then chemically euthanized last week after ignoring repeated hazing techniques, such as fireworks and non-lethal explosives. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal law requires that \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/SeaLion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sea lions targeted for death\u003c/a> must be individually identifiable, have been observed eating salmon for five days (even if those days occurred over several years) and have not responded to hazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Bartlett, a spokesman for Washington’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, said his agency and Oregon’s Department of Fish and Wildlife sought permission to kill the protected marine mammals because of the states’ overriding concern for salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, there are predictions that we will have record numbers of salmon this year, but that hasn’t happened yet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peak salmon run generally occurs toward the end of April and beginning of May. But because of recent rain, the rivers are swollen, and the salmon migration has been slow to start, Bartlett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our chief concern is the wild salmon,” he said, which tend to migrate far up the river, to the Bonneville Dam. He said hatchery fish tend to split off onto tributaries further down the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Bartlett, 30 percent of the fish below the dam are wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Humane Society of the United States \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/fisheries/timelines/bonneville_dam_sea_lions_under_siege.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> last month against the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which authorized the states to kill the protected mammals. The society argued that the killings violate the Marine Mammal Protection Act and that the government has failed to show that sea lions, which are natural salmon predators, kill a significantly large number of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Especially when you compare them to other sources of mortality,” said Sharon Young, Humane Society marine issues field director. Young said sea lions have been documented to take anywhere between 0.4 percent and 4.2 percent of the salmon run, while commercial fishing is closer to 17 percent, and the dam takes about 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young added that the states’ stocking of non-wild fish, such as bass and walleye, in the river has had a significant impact on the survival of salmon. The non-wild fish eat small or juvenile salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in any case, she added, the salmon run has been stable or growing over the past several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is just no justification for killing the sea lions,” she said. “It’s just a red herring. It looks like something easy to solve, but they should really be addressing the bigger issues, like non-native fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The society also sought a temporary restraining order to prevent the killings, but that order was rejected by a federal judge. Currently, the states are authorized to kill up to 92 sea lions per year for the next five years. However, in response to the Humane Society’s suit, a judge ruled that only 30 could be killed this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Suzanne Rust is an investigative journalist with \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "California Officials Perplexed by Out-of-State Euthanasia of Sea Lions | KQED",
"description": "From California Watch A third salmon-eating California sea lion was captured and killed yesterday at the Bonneville Dam in Washington. Two sea lions were captured and chemically euthanized at the Columbia River dam by Washington state officials last week. And while Oregon, Washington and federal wildlife officials say the killings are necessary to preserve endangered salmon",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/state-officials-perplexed-sea-lion-killings-15704\">\u003cstrong>California Watch\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third salmon-eating California sea lion was captured and killed yesterday at the Bonneville Dam in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61739\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/sealion.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/sealion-300x243.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sealion\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61739\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Baird/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two sea lions were captured and chemically euthanized at the Columbia River dam by Washington state officials last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Oregon, Washington and federal wildlife officials say the killings are necessary to preserve endangered salmon populations, California officials expressed skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing predictions for record-high numbers of Chinook salmon this year along the Pacific coast, Andrew Hughan, a spokesman for the California Department of Fish and Game, said his agency was “perplexed” by the killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know salmon is a huge part of the Oregon economy, but is eliminating a couple of sea lions really going to make a difference?” Hughan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials estimate that a California sea lion eats about seven salmon a day. According to the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the two California sea lions were captured and then chemically euthanized last week after ignoring repeated hazing techniques, such as fireworks and non-lethal explosives. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal law requires that \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/SeaLion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sea lions targeted for death\u003c/a> must be individually identifiable, have been observed eating salmon for five days (even if those days occurred over several years) and have not responded to hazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Bartlett, a spokesman for Washington’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, said his agency and Oregon’s Department of Fish and Wildlife sought permission to kill the protected marine mammals because of the states’ overriding concern for salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, there are predictions that we will have record numbers of salmon this year, but that hasn’t happened yet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peak salmon run generally occurs toward the end of April and beginning of May. But because of recent rain, the rivers are swollen, and the salmon migration has been slow to start, Bartlett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our chief concern is the wild salmon,” he said, which tend to migrate far up the river, to the Bonneville Dam. He said hatchery fish tend to split off onto tributaries further down the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Bartlett, 30 percent of the fish below the dam are wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Humane Society of the United States \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/fisheries/timelines/bonneville_dam_sea_lions_under_siege.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> last month against the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which authorized the states to kill the protected mammals. The society argued that the killings violate the Marine Mammal Protection Act and that the government has failed to show that sea lions, which are natural salmon predators, kill a significantly large number of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Especially when you compare them to other sources of mortality,” said Sharon Young, Humane Society marine issues field director. Young said sea lions have been documented to take anywhere between 0.4 percent and 4.2 percent of the salmon run, while commercial fishing is closer to 17 percent, and the dam takes about 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young added that the states’ stocking of non-wild fish, such as bass and walleye, in the river has had a significant impact on the survival of salmon. The non-wild fish eat small or juvenile salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in any case, she added, the salmon run has been stable or growing over the past several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is just no justification for killing the sea lions,” she said. “It’s just a red herring. It looks like something easy to solve, but they should really be addressing the bigger issues, like non-native fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The society also sought a temporary restraining order to prevent the killings, but that order was rejected by a federal judge. Currently, the states are authorized to kill up to 92 sea lions per year for the next five years. However, in response to the Humane Society’s suit, a judge ruled that only 30 could be killed this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Suzanne Rust is an investigative journalist with \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54367\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/01/cropPork_012412.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54367\" title=\"cropPork_012412\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/01/cropPork_012412.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Photos.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Via \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/resistant-bacteria-found-us-pork-products-14589\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found higher-than-expected levels of deadly bacteria in what is considered the largest sampling of raw retail meat products in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of researchers at the University of Iowa collected 256 samples of pork from 35 retail stores in Iowa, Minnesota and New Jersey. Samples included pork chops, ground pork, riblets, ribs, sausage, blade steak, cube steaks, pork loin, pork roasts and pork cutlets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that nearly 7 percent of the products tested contained methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MRSA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from the National Pork Board were quick to point out that not all MRSA strains are harmful to people. Indeed, livestock strains of the bacteria show little effect, if any, on people. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their results are not unexpected,” said\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Jennifer Koeman, director of public health for the National Pork Board. “The prevalence is comparable or less than seen in other countries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while nearly a quarter of the MRSA strains identified in the study were of the livestock variety, 50 percent were human strains, said Tara Smith, lead author of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> and an epidemiological researcher at the University of Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are common human strains,” Smith said. “These strains do cause infections in people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>“We were surprised to see no significant difference in antibiotic-free and conventionally produced pork,” said Tara Smith, lead author of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> and an epidemiological researcher at the University of Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is one of the leading agents of food poisoning in the U.S., causing an estimated 185,000 cases every year. The bacteria has been associated with serious, sometimes deadly blood, skin and other organ infections in people. Research indicates that a growing number of these bacterial infections are resistant to standard antibiotic treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MRSA, the antibiotic-resistant form of\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Staphylococcus aureus,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>was once associated only with hospital infections. But a growing number of cases are being found outside of hospitals, and community-associated MRSA is now considered the leading cause of skin and soft-tissue infections treated in emergency rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, who is also the interim director of the University of Iowa’s Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, said she was surprised at the prevalence of staph bacteria found in their samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two-thirds of the samples contained some form of the staph bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the researchers found no difference between the incidence of MRSA – the antibiotic-resistant form of staph – in conventionally produced pork products and those produced without the use of antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were surprised to see no significant difference in antibiotic-free and conventionally produced pork,” Smith said. “Though it’s possible that this finding had more to do with the handling of the raw meat at the plant than the way the animals were raised, it’s certainly worth exploring further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, unlike products that are stamped with the organic label, products with the label “raised without antibiotics” are not routinely verified by an independent third party. In addition, pork produced conventionally and alternatively can be processed at the same plants and, therefore, contamination can occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to say, just taking the end product, where the contamination came from,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/01/cropPork_012312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"76\" height=\"50\">Related News: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/01/23/supreme-court-overturns-calif-slaughterhouse-law/\">Supreme Court Overturns Calif. ‘Slaughterhouse Law’\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she worries that consumers may become too complacent with food handling when they see a product stamped with organic or antibiotic-free, because it doesn’t mean it is free of bacterial contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Wagstrom, a scientist with the National Pork Producers Council, said that regardless of the health risk posed by some of these strains, it is “always a good idea to wash your hands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post also appears at \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, a content partner of \u003cem>KQED News\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Resistant Bacteria Found in US Pork Products | KQED",
"description": "Via California Watch Researchers have found higher-than-expected levels of deadly bacteria in what is considered the largest sampling of raw retail meat products in the United States. A team of researchers at the University of Iowa collected 256 samples of pork from 35 retail stores in Iowa, Minnesota and New Jersey. Samples included pork chops, ground pork, riblets, ribs, sausage, blade steak, cube steaks, pork loin, pork roasts and pork cutlets. The researchers found that nearly 7 percent of the products tested contained methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA. Researchers from the National Pork Board were quick to point out that not",
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"headline": "Resistant Bacteria Found in US Pork Products",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54367\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/01/cropPork_012412.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54367\" title=\"cropPork_012412\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/01/cropPork_012412.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Photos.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Via \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/resistant-bacteria-found-us-pork-products-14589\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found higher-than-expected levels of deadly bacteria in what is considered the largest sampling of raw retail meat products in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of researchers at the University of Iowa collected 256 samples of pork from 35 retail stores in Iowa, Minnesota and New Jersey. Samples included pork chops, ground pork, riblets, ribs, sausage, blade steak, cube steaks, pork loin, pork roasts and pork cutlets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that nearly 7 percent of the products tested contained methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MRSA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from the National Pork Board were quick to point out that not all MRSA strains are harmful to people. Indeed, livestock strains of the bacteria show little effect, if any, on people. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their results are not unexpected,” said\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Jennifer Koeman, director of public health for the National Pork Board. “The prevalence is comparable or less than seen in other countries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while nearly a quarter of the MRSA strains identified in the study were of the livestock variety, 50 percent were human strains, said Tara Smith, lead author of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> and an epidemiological researcher at the University of Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are common human strains,” Smith said. “These strains do cause infections in people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>“We were surprised to see no significant difference in antibiotic-free and conventionally produced pork,” said Tara Smith, lead author of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> and an epidemiological researcher at the University of Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is one of the leading agents of food poisoning in the U.S., causing an estimated 185,000 cases every year. The bacteria has been associated with serious, sometimes deadly blood, skin and other organ infections in people. Research indicates that a growing number of these bacterial infections are resistant to standard antibiotic treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MRSA, the antibiotic-resistant form of\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Staphylococcus aureus,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>was once associated only with hospital infections. But a growing number of cases are being found outside of hospitals, and community-associated MRSA is now considered the leading cause of skin and soft-tissue infections treated in emergency rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, who is also the interim director of the University of Iowa’s Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, said she was surprised at the prevalence of staph bacteria found in their samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two-thirds of the samples contained some form of the staph bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the researchers found no difference between the incidence of MRSA – the antibiotic-resistant form of staph – in conventionally produced pork products and those produced without the use of antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were surprised to see no significant difference in antibiotic-free and conventionally produced pork,” Smith said. “Though it’s possible that this finding had more to do with the handling of the raw meat at the plant than the way the animals were raised, it’s certainly worth exploring further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, unlike products that are stamped with the organic label, products with the label “raised without antibiotics” are not routinely verified by an independent third party. In addition, pork produced conventionally and alternatively can be processed at the same plants and, therefore, contamination can occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to say, just taking the end product, where the contamination came from,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/01/cropPork_012312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"76\" height=\"50\">Related News: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/01/23/supreme-court-overturns-calif-slaughterhouse-law/\">Supreme Court Overturns Calif. ‘Slaughterhouse Law’\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she worries that consumers may become too complacent with food handling when they see a product stamped with organic or antibiotic-free, because it doesn’t mean it is free of bacterial contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Wagstrom, a scientist with the National Pork Producers Council, said that regardless of the health risk posed by some of these strains, it is “always a good idea to wash your hands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post also appears at \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, a content partner of \u003cem>KQED News\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Plastics Industry Edited Environmental Textbook | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>A \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/environment/plastics-industry-edited-environmental-textbook-12123\">California Watch\u003c/a> report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from the American Chemistry Council, a lobbying group for the plastics industry, schools officials in California edited a new environmental curriculum to include positive messages about plastic shopping bags, interviews and documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rewritten textbooks and teachers’ guides coincided with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.abagslife.com/\">public relations and lobbying\u003c/a> effort by the chemistry council to fight proposed plastic bag bans throughout the country. But despite the positive message, activists say there is no debate: Plastic bags kill marine animals, leech toxic chemicals and take an estimated 1,000 years to decompose in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37668\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 224px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/katerha/4359906568/sizes/m/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/08/plasticbagSM1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"plasticbagSM\" width=\"224\" height=\"222\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37668\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: katerha\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2009, a private consultant hired by California school officials added a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html#document/p113/a30729\">\u003cstrong>new section\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> to the 11th-grade teachers’ edition textbook called “The Advantages of Plastic Shopping Bags.” The title and some of the textbook language were inserted almost verbatim from letters written by the chemistry council. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the curriculum includes the environmental hazards of plastic bags, the consultant also added a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html#document/p107/a30752\">five-point question\u003c/a> to a workbook asking students to list some advantages. According to the teachers’ edition, the correct answer is: “Plastic shopping bags are very convenient to use. They take less energy to manufacture than paper bags, cost less to transport, and can be reused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans use an estimated 100 billion plastic shopping bags each year – almost all of which are thrown into the garbage. Grocery stores and other retailers spend about $4 billion a year to purchase the bags for customers. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The American Chemistry Council obviously got engaged to protect their bottom line,” said Sen. Fran Pavley, D-Santa Monica, author of the 2003 \u003ca href=\"http://www.calepa.ca.gov/Education/EEI/documents/AB1548.pdf\">legislation\u003c/a>[PDF] requiring that environmental principles and concepts be taught in the state’s public schools. She had been unaware of the lobby’s efforts until contacted by California Watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental curriculum, which took seven years to develop, is being tested at 20 school districts that include 140 schools and more than 14,000 students. An additional 400 school districts have signed up to use the curriculum, according to Bryan Ehlers, the California Environmental Protection Agency’s assistant secretary for education and quality programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other states have expressed interest in adopting the California curriculum, including Delaware and Maryland, Ehlers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Touted as the first public-private partnership of its kind, the trade group’s edit of California’s school curriculum illustrates a growing concern for special-interest influence over public education. It also shows how school officials abandoned some of their responsibility to write curriculum, handing the heavy lifting over to a paid consultant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this month, Scholastic Inc. – a major textbook publisher – promised to limit its practice of collaborating with corporations to produce classroom materials. The New York-based publisher had been under pressure from parents and education groups to stop distributing a fourth-grade curriculum paid for by the coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html\">new California curriculum\u003c/a> covers science, history, social studies and arts and weaves in environmental principles and concepts over 85 units and hundreds of pages. The full-color pages of the curriculum, which can be downloaded off the state’s website, mirror the look of a textbook. Teachers are encouraged to use the materials as handouts in the classroom and as reading assignments for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents should be outraged that their kids are going to be potentially taught bogus facts written by a plastic-industry consultant suggesting advantages of plastic bags,” said Mark Murray, executive director of Californians Against Waste, a recycling and environmental lobbying group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemistry council declined to comment in detail about its work on California’s environmental curriculum. But its views were made known to the state during a period of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/231265-eei-comments.html\">public review and comment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ACC takes exception to the overall tone, instructional approach, and the lack of solutions offered – most especially the lack of mention of the overall solution of plastic recycling,” wrote Alyson Thomas, senior account executive with Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide, a lobbying firm retained by the trade group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe education works best when students are exposed to all viewpoints, alternatives and attitudes, particularly when addressing socially complex issues” such as plastic bags, she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenneth McDonald, spokesman for the California Department of Education, said he was not aware that the trade group’s edits had been included. He said the development and editing of the content was Cal/EPA’s responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The education department’s sole duty was to review the curriculum for accuracy, content and overt bias, he said. “Whether or not there was corporate input, nothing problematic was seen,” he said of the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hearing from California Watch about the chemical industry additions and edits, Pavley said she would write to Cal/EPA to ask officials to tweak the current text to remove some of the trade group’s additions. She was quick to add that the rest of the curriculum was excellent and the result of “an open, transparent, multi-stakeholder process.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people took the time to participate, and other interest groups took the time to review the curriculum,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consultant integrates lobby’s critiques\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Cal/EPA began preparing the curriculum in 2004, it called together a team of stakeholders – including industry trade groups and environmental organizations – to provide advice on writing the new curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from the American Chemistry Council was present at the meeting. So were representatives from oil giant BP, National Geographic and the California Ocean Science Trust. The American Chemistry Council did not provide any financial backing to the development of the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2009, the curriculum was mostly written, and the chemistry council once again weighed in with criticisms and suggested edits for a section in the 11th-grade text that portrays plastic bags as harmful to the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the trade group was fighting state and city plastic shopping bag bans across the country. In 2010, it successfully squashed legislation that would have banned plastic bags in the state. It was not so successful in San Francisco and Los Angeles County, which in recent years have imposed bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the trade group will not say how much money it spent on advertising and lobbying the issue, state documents show the group has spent more than $9 million lobbying government agencies since 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state had handed the bulk of the curriculum development and editing responsibility to Gerald Lieberman, director of the State Education and Environment Roundtable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roundtable is a nonprofit group originally developed by 16 state departments of education to enhance environmental education in schools. According to Cal/EPA, the state has paid Lieberman’s organization nearly $2.4 million between 2004 and 2010 for consulting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lieberman said the state gave him discretion over whether to include editorial suggestions and comments from outside sources in the curriculum copy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had total control, really, about what comments I accepted or didn’t accept,” he said. “Even the ones that came internally. I was happy to have that. It meant I could get it done the way I thought was best.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/231329-11-5-7-to-production.html\">first edit\u003c/a> of the teachers’ edition had been highly critical of plastic shopping bags. It highlighted the long decomposition rate of the bags and their threat to marine life and ocean health. That information remains in the text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A letter with the chemistry council’s comments about the 11th-grade curriculum was presented to Lieberman in 2009 as submissions during a nine-month public commenting period. The state received hundreds of comments from a variety of groups, including private individuals, environmental organizations, and other agencies within the state and federal governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made numerous changes in various EEI (Education and the Environment Initiative curriculum) units during and as a result of multiple stages in the review process,” Lieberman said. “I never made changes to the text anywhere, in any of the units, that I didn’t see as improving the educational value of the materials, or I would not have made the changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lieberman incorporated nearly all of the trade group’s suggestions into the teachers’ edition, which provides the context and lesson plan for the course. The 11th-grade course is entitled, “Mass Production, Marketing, and Consumption in the Roaring Twenties.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lieberman added the section on the benefits of plastic bags, after the chemistry council complained in a letter: “To counteract what is perceived as an exclusively negative positioning of plastic bags issues, we recommend adding a section here entitled ‘Benefits of Plastic Shopping Bags.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html\">removed a mention\u003c/a> of plastic bags as “litter” in the teachers’ edition after the trade group’s representative complained. “To be clear,” wrote the Ogilvy executive, “plastic bags don’t start as litter; they become litter. …” Now, when the word litter appears in the text, it is prefaced with “can become” or is used as a verb. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lieberman also changed \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html\">key statistics\u003c/a> in the text to reflect the American Chemistry Council’s preferred numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing a passage in the original version, which showed that Americans recycled only about 1 percent of plastic bags, Thomas recommended using numbers from a 2007 U.S. EPA report on municipal waste. According to Thomas, that report showed that nearly 12 percent of plastic bags and film are recycled annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does indicate that certain kinds of plastic bags, wraps and films are recycled at around 12 percent. But when all types of plastic bags, wraps and films produced in the United States are included, only about 9 percent were recycled in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray, of Californians Against Waste, said a better and more accurate figure – one that only looks at plastic shopping bags – is from the state, which in 2009 reported a 3 percent recycling rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental curriculum nevertheless now includes the 12 percent recycling rate suggested by the chemistry council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Gold, president of Heal the Bay, a Santa Monica group that pushed for an environmental curriculum in California schools, said: “I’m not happy with the language in the unit, but the state followed the process, and the process was designed to ensure that the units were accurate, factual instead of dogmatic, and were consistent with state standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Researchers find harm to marine life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemistry council claims that plastic bags are not a “two-plus-two problem with only one correct answer.” By rewriting the curriculum, the lobbying group was attempting to suggest there was a legitimate debate about the harm caused by plastic bags to the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the issue is straightforward, said Wallace J. Nichols, a researcher with the California Academy of Sciences who has studied the effect of plastic debris on sea turtles: Plastic bags, which are made from high-density polyethylene, are harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastic shouldn’t be inside a sea turtle’s stomach. It is not good,” Nichols said. “I don’t know what kind of balance you add to that statement. The plastic takes up space that should be occupied by food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, a team of researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography reported that 9 percent of fish collected from the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” – a gyre of plastic debris, estimated to be larger than the state of Texas, swirling in the middle of the Pacific Ocean – had plastic in their stomachs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Industry would like us to focus on the functions and conveniences of plastic bags and ignore the costs,” Nichols said. “I think it’s getting harder and harder to ignore the costs. I think we’re at a tipping point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Geographic Society, which provided consultation, maps and visuals to the entire K-12 curriculum text, was not aware of the trade group’s edits, according to a spokeswoman. “National Geographic did not have a role in final editorial decisions,” said Mimi Koumanelis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state, slightly more than $200,000 has been donated to print and deliver the curriculum to California public schools. Donors included the Sempra Energy Foundation and First Republic Bank. The Packard Foundation and Seventh Generation, a green-products manufacturer, provided nearly $300,000 to curriculum development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials said any errors found in the text would be corrected in future versions. “Is it perfect? No,” said Ehlers, the Cal/EPA assistant secretary. “We think it is excellent given the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others worry about the influence of profit-driven corporate lobbyists over public education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like church and state. It wouldn’t be OK for a religious society to influence public school textbooks. So, is it OK for the private sector to influence education?” said Ellen Wright, an educational consultant who helped spearhead the project. “I don’t think private interest is the way to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Susanne Rust is an investigative reporter with KQED and California Watch. Read more from California Watch \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Plastics Industry Edited Environmental Textbook | KQED",
"description": "A California Watch report Under pressure from the American Chemistry Council, a lobbying group for the plastics industry, schools officials in California edited a new environmental curriculum to include positive messages about plastic shopping bags, interviews and documents show. The rewritten textbooks and teachers’ guides coincided with a public relations and lobbying effort by the chemistry council to fight proposed plastic bag bans throughout the country. But despite the positive message, activists say there is no debate: Plastic bags kill marine animals, leech toxic chemicals and take an estimated 1,000 years to decompose in landfills. In 2009, a private consultant",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>A \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/environment/plastics-industry-edited-environmental-textbook-12123\">California Watch\u003c/a> report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from the American Chemistry Council, a lobbying group for the plastics industry, schools officials in California edited a new environmental curriculum to include positive messages about plastic shopping bags, interviews and documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rewritten textbooks and teachers’ guides coincided with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.abagslife.com/\">public relations and lobbying\u003c/a> effort by the chemistry council to fight proposed plastic bag bans throughout the country. But despite the positive message, activists say there is no debate: Plastic bags kill marine animals, leech toxic chemicals and take an estimated 1,000 years to decompose in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37668\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 224px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/katerha/4359906568/sizes/m/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/08/plasticbagSM1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"plasticbagSM\" width=\"224\" height=\"222\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37668\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: katerha\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2009, a private consultant hired by California school officials added a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html#document/p113/a30729\">\u003cstrong>new section\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> to the 11th-grade teachers’ edition textbook called “The Advantages of Plastic Shopping Bags.” The title and some of the textbook language were inserted almost verbatim from letters written by the chemistry council. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the curriculum includes the environmental hazards of plastic bags, the consultant also added a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html#document/p107/a30752\">five-point question\u003c/a> to a workbook asking students to list some advantages. According to the teachers’ edition, the correct answer is: “Plastic shopping bags are very convenient to use. They take less energy to manufacture than paper bags, cost less to transport, and can be reused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans use an estimated 100 billion plastic shopping bags each year – almost all of which are thrown into the garbage. Grocery stores and other retailers spend about $4 billion a year to purchase the bags for customers. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The American Chemistry Council obviously got engaged to protect their bottom line,” said Sen. Fran Pavley, D-Santa Monica, author of the 2003 \u003ca href=\"http://www.calepa.ca.gov/Education/EEI/documents/AB1548.pdf\">legislation\u003c/a>[PDF] requiring that environmental principles and concepts be taught in the state’s public schools. She had been unaware of the lobby’s efforts until contacted by California Watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental curriculum, which took seven years to develop, is being tested at 20 school districts that include 140 schools and more than 14,000 students. An additional 400 school districts have signed up to use the curriculum, according to Bryan Ehlers, the California Environmental Protection Agency’s assistant secretary for education and quality programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other states have expressed interest in adopting the California curriculum, including Delaware and Maryland, Ehlers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Touted as the first public-private partnership of its kind, the trade group’s edit of California’s school curriculum illustrates a growing concern for special-interest influence over public education. It also shows how school officials abandoned some of their responsibility to write curriculum, handing the heavy lifting over to a paid consultant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this month, Scholastic Inc. – a major textbook publisher – promised to limit its practice of collaborating with corporations to produce classroom materials. The New York-based publisher had been under pressure from parents and education groups to stop distributing a fourth-grade curriculum paid for by the coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html\">new California curriculum\u003c/a> covers science, history, social studies and arts and weaves in environmental principles and concepts over 85 units and hundreds of pages. The full-color pages of the curriculum, which can be downloaded off the state’s website, mirror the look of a textbook. Teachers are encouraged to use the materials as handouts in the classroom and as reading assignments for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents should be outraged that their kids are going to be potentially taught bogus facts written by a plastic-industry consultant suggesting advantages of plastic bags,” said Mark Murray, executive director of Californians Against Waste, a recycling and environmental lobbying group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemistry council declined to comment in detail about its work on California’s environmental curriculum. But its views were made known to the state during a period of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/231265-eei-comments.html\">public review and comment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ACC takes exception to the overall tone, instructional approach, and the lack of solutions offered – most especially the lack of mention of the overall solution of plastic recycling,” wrote Alyson Thomas, senior account executive with Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide, a lobbying firm retained by the trade group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe education works best when students are exposed to all viewpoints, alternatives and attitudes, particularly when addressing socially complex issues” such as plastic bags, she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenneth McDonald, spokesman for the California Department of Education, said he was not aware that the trade group’s edits had been included. He said the development and editing of the content was Cal/EPA’s responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The education department’s sole duty was to review the curriculum for accuracy, content and overt bias, he said. “Whether or not there was corporate input, nothing problematic was seen,” he said of the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hearing from California Watch about the chemical industry additions and edits, Pavley said she would write to Cal/EPA to ask officials to tweak the current text to remove some of the trade group’s additions. She was quick to add that the rest of the curriculum was excellent and the result of “an open, transparent, multi-stakeholder process.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people took the time to participate, and other interest groups took the time to review the curriculum,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consultant integrates lobby’s critiques\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Cal/EPA began preparing the curriculum in 2004, it called together a team of stakeholders – including industry trade groups and environmental organizations – to provide advice on writing the new curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from the American Chemistry Council was present at the meeting. So were representatives from oil giant BP, National Geographic and the California Ocean Science Trust. The American Chemistry Council did not provide any financial backing to the development of the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2009, the curriculum was mostly written, and the chemistry council once again weighed in with criticisms and suggested edits for a section in the 11th-grade text that portrays plastic bags as harmful to the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the trade group was fighting state and city plastic shopping bag bans across the country. In 2010, it successfully squashed legislation that would have banned plastic bags in the state. It was not so successful in San Francisco and Los Angeles County, which in recent years have imposed bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the trade group will not say how much money it spent on advertising and lobbying the issue, state documents show the group has spent more than $9 million lobbying government agencies since 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state had handed the bulk of the curriculum development and editing responsibility to Gerald Lieberman, director of the State Education and Environment Roundtable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roundtable is a nonprofit group originally developed by 16 state departments of education to enhance environmental education in schools. According to Cal/EPA, the state has paid Lieberman’s organization nearly $2.4 million between 2004 and 2010 for consulting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lieberman said the state gave him discretion over whether to include editorial suggestions and comments from outside sources in the curriculum copy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had total control, really, about what comments I accepted or didn’t accept,” he said. “Even the ones that came internally. I was happy to have that. It meant I could get it done the way I thought was best.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/231329-11-5-7-to-production.html\">first edit\u003c/a> of the teachers’ edition had been highly critical of plastic shopping bags. It highlighted the long decomposition rate of the bags and their threat to marine life and ocean health. That information remains in the text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A letter with the chemistry council’s comments about the 11th-grade curriculum was presented to Lieberman in 2009 as submissions during a nine-month public commenting period. The state received hundreds of comments from a variety of groups, including private individuals, environmental organizations, and other agencies within the state and federal governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made numerous changes in various EEI (Education and the Environment Initiative curriculum) units during and as a result of multiple stages in the review process,” Lieberman said. “I never made changes to the text anywhere, in any of the units, that I didn’t see as improving the educational value of the materials, or I would not have made the changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lieberman incorporated nearly all of the trade group’s suggestions into the teachers’ edition, which provides the context and lesson plan for the course. The 11th-grade course is entitled, “Mass Production, Marketing, and Consumption in the Roaring Twenties.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lieberman added the section on the benefits of plastic bags, after the chemistry council complained in a letter: “To counteract what is perceived as an exclusively negative positioning of plastic bags issues, we recommend adding a section here entitled ‘Benefits of Plastic Shopping Bags.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html\">removed a mention\u003c/a> of plastic bags as “litter” in the teachers’ edition after the trade group’s representative complained. “To be clear,” wrote the Ogilvy executive, “plastic bags don’t start as litter; they become litter. …” Now, when the word litter appears in the text, it is prefaced with “can become” or is used as a verb. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lieberman also changed \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/235057-textbook.html\">key statistics\u003c/a> in the text to reflect the American Chemistry Council’s preferred numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing a passage in the original version, which showed that Americans recycled only about 1 percent of plastic bags, Thomas recommended using numbers from a 2007 U.S. EPA report on municipal waste. According to Thomas, that report showed that nearly 12 percent of plastic bags and film are recycled annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does indicate that certain kinds of plastic bags, wraps and films are recycled at around 12 percent. But when all types of plastic bags, wraps and films produced in the United States are included, only about 9 percent were recycled in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray, of Californians Against Waste, said a better and more accurate figure – one that only looks at plastic shopping bags – is from the state, which in 2009 reported a 3 percent recycling rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental curriculum nevertheless now includes the 12 percent recycling rate suggested by the chemistry council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Gold, president of Heal the Bay, a Santa Monica group that pushed for an environmental curriculum in California schools, said: “I’m not happy with the language in the unit, but the state followed the process, and the process was designed to ensure that the units were accurate, factual instead of dogmatic, and were consistent with state standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Researchers find harm to marine life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemistry council claims that plastic bags are not a “two-plus-two problem with only one correct answer.” By rewriting the curriculum, the lobbying group was attempting to suggest there was a legitimate debate about the harm caused by plastic bags to the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the issue is straightforward, said Wallace J. Nichols, a researcher with the California Academy of Sciences who has studied the effect of plastic debris on sea turtles: Plastic bags, which are made from high-density polyethylene, are harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastic shouldn’t be inside a sea turtle’s stomach. It is not good,” Nichols said. “I don’t know what kind of balance you add to that statement. The plastic takes up space that should be occupied by food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, a team of researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography reported that 9 percent of fish collected from the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” – a gyre of plastic debris, estimated to be larger than the state of Texas, swirling in the middle of the Pacific Ocean – had plastic in their stomachs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Industry would like us to focus on the functions and conveniences of plastic bags and ignore the costs,” Nichols said. “I think it’s getting harder and harder to ignore the costs. I think we’re at a tipping point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Geographic Society, which provided consultation, maps and visuals to the entire K-12 curriculum text, was not aware of the trade group’s edits, according to a spokeswoman. “National Geographic did not have a role in final editorial decisions,” said Mimi Koumanelis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state, slightly more than $200,000 has been donated to print and deliver the curriculum to California public schools. Donors included the Sempra Energy Foundation and First Republic Bank. The Packard Foundation and Seventh Generation, a green-products manufacturer, provided nearly $300,000 to curriculum development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials said any errors found in the text would be corrected in future versions. “Is it perfect? No,” said Ehlers, the Cal/EPA assistant secretary. “We think it is excellent given the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others worry about the influence of profit-driven corporate lobbyists over public education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like church and state. It wouldn’t be OK for a religious society to influence public school textbooks. So, is it OK for the private sector to influence education?” said Ellen Wright, an educational consultant who helped spearhead the project. “I don’t think private interest is the way to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
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