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"content": "\u003cp>People have always fished in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">San Francisco Bay\u003c/a>. But they may also unknowingly consume unhealthy levels of persistent, dangerous chemicals with their catch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published on Tuesday from researchers at the San Francisco Estuary Institute found that 10 species of commonly consumed fish from the Bay frequently contain high levels of “forever chemicals,” which can take hundreds to thousands of years to break down and accumulate in the people and animals that eat them. The South Bay, the study found, is especially polluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study author Rebecca Sutton said she and colleagues have been worried about perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, in local fish for decades. The study examined the prevalence of PFAS in shiner surfperch, striped bass, white croaker and seven other sport fish from the Bay over the last ten years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concern is that there are a lot of fishing communities who eat a significant amount of fish from the Bay, and they could be more exposed to these highly toxic chemicals,” Sutton said. “With this study, we’re trying to assess the level of risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were staggering: In sampling nearly 100 fish between 2009 and 2019, effectively every sample contained PFAS. More than 80% of fish from the South Bay, which has less tidal “flushing” than other communities and more runoff from highly urbanized areas, had more PFAS than some state standards consider safe to eat once a week. The southern waterways tested were Coyote Creek, Redwood Creek and Artesian Slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fish caught in the northern and central Bay — around Berkeley, the Carquinez Strait, Oakland and Suisun Bay — were less contaminated, about a third of all fish were found to be above the one meal per week threshold, based on a serving size of 8 ounces of fillet meat with the skin off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California does not currently have a safety recommendation for PFAS in fish. Researchers used Massachusetts’ advisory threshold, which is currently the most stringent in the U.S., Sutton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS refers to a broad class of thousands of chemicals made for use in consumer, commercial and industrial products — many used to make products stain-resistant or nonstick. They’re stable, repel water and oil and effectively never break down. They’re also bad for us, even in tiny amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trace exposures, like very low concentrations, are associated with all kinds of human health impacts,” Sutton said.[aside postID=news_12039891 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/SuisunMarshMain-1020x689.jpg']PFAS have been shown to increase the risk for several types of cancers, thyroid disease and other hormone-disruption issues, including fertility problems and developmental delays in children and immune system impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, there’s a lot of actually really good epidemiological and animal studies showing major impacts, multi-system impacts in humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers detected elevated levels of one PFAS — the uncharismatically named “7:3 FTCA,” — not previously detected in marine fish. Sutton said this was their first time testing for it, using methods only recently standardized. Sutton and colleagues believe that these chemicals find their way into the Bay primarily from consumer products. That includes food packaging, waterproof fabrics, stain-resistant carpets and furniture, fire-suppression foams and nonstick pans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other bodies of water across the U.S., especially in places like the East Coast, Midwest and South, chemical manufacturing plants and industry can be key sources of PFAS pollution. Past\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/news/PFASinBayWater2022_Final.pdf\"> SFEI studies\u003c/a> have shown that treated wastewater and stormwater runoff from towns and cities are both PFAS routes to the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health declined a phone interview but shared a statement by email confirming that this research “provides evidence that parallels efforts at CDPH to understand PFAS exposures in Californians … This work will help address PFAS contamination in local food supplies, such as culturally inclusive fish consumption advisories.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indigenous and tribal communities, as well as Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, frequently eat fish from the Bay and may be disproportionately affected by exposure to these dangerous chemicals. SFEI is collaborating with community groups such as\u003ca href=\"https://www.allpositivesp.org/about\"> All Positives Possible\u003c/a> to mitigate the impact on those whose culture is tied to the Bay’s fish and marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*Correction: A previous version of this story described Rebecca Sutton as a lead author the study, when she is the corresponding author. Miguel Méndez is the lead author. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People have always fished in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">San Francisco Bay\u003c/a>. But they may also unknowingly consume unhealthy levels of persistent, dangerous chemicals with their catch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published on Tuesday from researchers at the San Francisco Estuary Institute found that 10 species of commonly consumed fish from the Bay frequently contain high levels of “forever chemicals,” which can take hundreds to thousands of years to break down and accumulate in the people and animals that eat them. The South Bay, the study found, is especially polluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study author Rebecca Sutton said she and colleagues have been worried about perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, in local fish for decades. The study examined the prevalence of PFAS in shiner surfperch, striped bass, white croaker and seven other sport fish from the Bay over the last ten years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concern is that there are a lot of fishing communities who eat a significant amount of fish from the Bay, and they could be more exposed to these highly toxic chemicals,” Sutton said. “With this study, we’re trying to assess the level of risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were staggering: In sampling nearly 100 fish between 2009 and 2019, effectively every sample contained PFAS. More than 80% of fish from the South Bay, which has less tidal “flushing” than other communities and more runoff from highly urbanized areas, had more PFAS than some state standards consider safe to eat once a week. The southern waterways tested were Coyote Creek, Redwood Creek and Artesian Slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fish caught in the northern and central Bay — around Berkeley, the Carquinez Strait, Oakland and Suisun Bay — were less contaminated, about a third of all fish were found to be above the one meal per week threshold, based on a serving size of 8 ounces of fillet meat with the skin off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California does not currently have a safety recommendation for PFAS in fish. Researchers used Massachusetts’ advisory threshold, which is currently the most stringent in the U.S., Sutton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS refers to a broad class of thousands of chemicals made for use in consumer, commercial and industrial products — many used to make products stain-resistant or nonstick. They’re stable, repel water and oil and effectively never break down. They’re also bad for us, even in tiny amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trace exposures, like very low concentrations, are associated with all kinds of human health impacts,” Sutton said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>PFAS have been shown to increase the risk for several types of cancers, thyroid disease and other hormone-disruption issues, including fertility problems and developmental delays in children and immune system impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, there’s a lot of actually really good epidemiological and animal studies showing major impacts, multi-system impacts in humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers detected elevated levels of one PFAS — the uncharismatically named “7:3 FTCA,” — not previously detected in marine fish. Sutton said this was their first time testing for it, using methods only recently standardized. Sutton and colleagues believe that these chemicals find their way into the Bay primarily from consumer products. That includes food packaging, waterproof fabrics, stain-resistant carpets and furniture, fire-suppression foams and nonstick pans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other bodies of water across the U.S., especially in places like the East Coast, Midwest and South, chemical manufacturing plants and industry can be key sources of PFAS pollution. Past\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/news/PFASinBayWater2022_Final.pdf\"> SFEI studies\u003c/a> have shown that treated wastewater and stormwater runoff from towns and cities are both PFAS routes to the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health declined a phone interview but shared a statement by email confirming that this research “provides evidence that parallels efforts at CDPH to understand PFAS exposures in Californians … This work will help address PFAS contamination in local food supplies, such as culturally inclusive fish consumption advisories.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indigenous and tribal communities, as well as Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, frequently eat fish from the Bay and may be disproportionately affected by exposure to these dangerous chemicals. SFEI is collaborating with community groups such as\u003ca href=\"https://www.allpositivesp.org/about\"> All Positives Possible\u003c/a> to mitigate the impact on those whose culture is tied to the Bay’s fish and marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*Correction: A previous version of this story described Rebecca Sutton as a lead author the study, when she is the corresponding author. Miguel Méndez is the lead author. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has released a new plan to protect the state’s iconic Joshua trees, which are imperiled by wildfires, human development and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 294-page \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=227460&inline\">draft plan\u003c/a> includes calls for avoiding or minimizing direct and indirect impacts from overgrazing, pesticide use and unauthorized off-roading; relocating trees when projects require their removal or could harm them; and identifying and protecting lands where they could thrive in a future projected to be drier and hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many ways, it’s a good comprehensive plan of the things we need to do if the western Joshua tree is going to survive the very, very difficult decades ahead,” said Brendan Cummings, conservation director with the Center for Biological Diversity, a nonprofit that in 2019 petitioned to list the western Joshua tree as threatened under the state’s Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation plan is a requirement of the Western Joshua Tree Conservation Act that passed last year, making it the first law in the state to protect a species from the threats of climate change. The law also prohibits anyone from killing, damaging or removing a tree without a state permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan lists criteria and attributes to help identify land that should be prioritized for conservation, such as large areas with Joshua trees or areas with a high density of healthy and adult trees. It also suggests protecting regions where there is low risk of such threats as fires, invasive species and development, and where pollinators like moths or small mammal seed dispersers exist. It aims to identify these lands by December 2025 and permanently protect 70% of them by 2033.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan also calls on land managers and wildfire responders to create procedures to reduce and fight wildfires that threaten the species and their habitat, and develop measures to minimize impacts from rehabilitating burned areas. That includes protecting trees, replanting lost ones and other native species, and controlling invasives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the proposed plan notes, its effectiveness and the survival of the trees will depend largely on whether humanity can limit and reduce the planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions from burning coal, oil and gas that are causing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a business-as-usual scenario, climate change could wipe out most, if not all, of the tree’s habitat, Cummings said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Assuming we can keep to a mid-level emissions trajectory, we have a very good chance of saving the species if all the things outlined in this plan are carried out,” he said. “And primarily that’s doing what we can to protect as many of them as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft plan will have to be approved by the California Fish and Game Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has released a new plan to protect the state’s iconic Joshua trees, which are imperiled by wildfires, human development and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 294-page \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=227460&inline\">draft plan\u003c/a> includes calls for avoiding or minimizing direct and indirect impacts from overgrazing, pesticide use and unauthorized off-roading; relocating trees when projects require their removal or could harm them; and identifying and protecting lands where they could thrive in a future projected to be drier and hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many ways, it’s a good comprehensive plan of the things we need to do if the western Joshua tree is going to survive the very, very difficult decades ahead,” said Brendan Cummings, conservation director with the Center for Biological Diversity, a nonprofit that in 2019 petitioned to list the western Joshua tree as threatened under the state’s Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation plan is a requirement of the Western Joshua Tree Conservation Act that passed last year, making it the first law in the state to protect a species from the threats of climate change. The law also prohibits anyone from killing, damaging or removing a tree without a state permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan lists criteria and attributes to help identify land that should be prioritized for conservation, such as large areas with Joshua trees or areas with a high density of healthy and adult trees. It also suggests protecting regions where there is low risk of such threats as fires, invasive species and development, and where pollinators like moths or small mammal seed dispersers exist. It aims to identify these lands by December 2025 and permanently protect 70% of them by 2033.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan also calls on land managers and wildfire responders to create procedures to reduce and fight wildfires that threaten the species and their habitat, and develop measures to minimize impacts from rehabilitating burned areas. That includes protecting trees, replanting lost ones and other native species, and controlling invasives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the proposed plan notes, its effectiveness and the survival of the trees will depend largely on whether humanity can limit and reduce the planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions from burning coal, oil and gas that are causing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a business-as-usual scenario, climate change could wipe out most, if not all, of the tree’s habitat, Cummings said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Assuming we can keep to a mid-level emissions trajectory, we have a very good chance of saving the species if all the things outlined in this plan are carried out,” he said. “And primarily that’s doing what we can to protect as many of them as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft plan will have to be approved by the California Fish and Game Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "See California Wildlife Return to Wildfire Zones, Courtesy of Hidden Cameras",
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"content": "\u003cp>[gallery ids=\"1978095,1978107,1978108,1978104,1978102,1978103,1978100,1978105,1978106\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a wildfire blazes through a forest, animals need to fly or run away or burrow underground and hide. Larger animals like \u003ca href=\"https://myodfw.com/articles/wildfire-and-its-impact-fish-and-wildlife\">deer and elk may seek safety in a lake or river\u003c/a>. During the most ferocious fires, some animals die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do California’s worsening fires mean for the state’s wildlife? Researchers at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, or CDFW, and UC Berkeley asked this question, and offer some answers in a \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.13374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent study published\u003c/a> in Diversity and Distributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using some 1,500 camera traps set mostly in Northern California forests, and gathering nearly half a million images over a decade, the researchers found that areas where fires were less severe tend to have an increase in biodiversity, particularly in forest carnivores like bears and bobcats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes sense if you look [at] what these forests have evolved and adapted to over millennia — that fire was much more common,” said lead author Brett Furnas, a quantitative ecologist with CDFW. “And more of that fire was low-severity than high-severity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-severity fire probably helps carnivores hunt because the regrowth of understory plants, like grasses, flowers and shrubs, support the small mammals that carnivores prey upon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furnas says seeing (through the camera traps) how animals use areas after fire shows that moving back to a more natural, pre-colonial, pre-suppression fire regime, where fires are more frequent and less intense, would benefit plants and animals in forest ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978119\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1978119 size-medium\" title=\"Image from figure in Diversity and Distributions\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM-800x632.png\" alt=\"Showing location of camera traps.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM-800x632.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM-160x126.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM-768x607.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM.png 1018w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the camera trap locations in Northern California from figure in study supported by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One way to achieve this is by using prescribed fires or controlled burns. This is a win for wildlife, says Furnas, and a win for public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native people in California (and all over the world) have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973196/the-karuk-used-fire-to-manage-the-forest-for-centuries-now-they-want-to-do-that-again\">set fires on the landscape since time immemorial\u003c/a> to increase biodiversity and protect against catastrophic fires. California is in the midst of a movement to restore more native burning and prescribed burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can use controlled burning to mimic a lot of these same effects that we get from low-severity fire. That’s good for wildlife. But we know it’s also good for a lot of things,” Furnas says. “It mitigates the air pollution and also the risk to people’s homes and all the other things that we see with these really large fires that are out of control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding some nuance, Furnas says it’s ultimately best for an ecosystem to have a variety of types of fire, including small patches of severe fire and small patches that have not burned for a long time. Unburned areas, for example, can provide higher forest cover suitable for breeding, resting or hiding. Patches of high-severity fire can be good for restarting forest succession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A diversity of fire is important,” he says. “We know that wildlife likes diversity, not just one thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The camera traps captured many thousands of images of wildlife, including 15 species of carnivores, such as foxes, martens, badgers and weasels. We asked Furnas to send us some of his favorite images from the camera traps. Please enjoy (above).\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a wildfire blazes through a forest, animals need to fly or run away or burrow underground and hide. Larger animals like \u003ca href=\"https://myodfw.com/articles/wildfire-and-its-impact-fish-and-wildlife\">deer and elk may seek safety in a lake or river\u003c/a>. During the most ferocious fires, some animals die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do California’s worsening fires mean for the state’s wildlife? Researchers at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, or CDFW, and UC Berkeley asked this question, and offer some answers in a \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.13374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent study published\u003c/a> in Diversity and Distributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using some 1,500 camera traps set mostly in Northern California forests, and gathering nearly half a million images over a decade, the researchers found that areas where fires were less severe tend to have an increase in biodiversity, particularly in forest carnivores like bears and bobcats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes sense if you look [at] what these forests have evolved and adapted to over millennia — that fire was much more common,” said lead author Brett Furnas, a quantitative ecologist with CDFW. “And more of that fire was low-severity than high-severity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-severity fire probably helps carnivores hunt because the regrowth of understory plants, like grasses, flowers and shrubs, support the small mammals that carnivores prey upon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furnas says seeing (through the camera traps) how animals use areas after fire shows that moving back to a more natural, pre-colonial, pre-suppression fire regime, where fires are more frequent and less intense, would benefit plants and animals in forest ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978119\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1978119 size-medium\" title=\"Image from figure in Diversity and Distributions\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM-800x632.png\" alt=\"Showing location of camera traps.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM-800x632.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM-160x126.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM-768x607.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Screen-Shot-2021-12-23-at-3.43.43-PM.png 1018w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the camera trap locations in Northern California from figure in study supported by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One way to achieve this is by using prescribed fires or controlled burns. This is a win for wildlife, says Furnas, and a win for public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native people in California (and all over the world) have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973196/the-karuk-used-fire-to-manage-the-forest-for-centuries-now-they-want-to-do-that-again\">set fires on the landscape since time immemorial\u003c/a> to increase biodiversity and protect against catastrophic fires. California is in the midst of a movement to restore more native burning and prescribed burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can use controlled burning to mimic a lot of these same effects that we get from low-severity fire. That’s good for wildlife. But we know it’s also good for a lot of things,” Furnas says. “It mitigates the air pollution and also the risk to people’s homes and all the other things that we see with these really large fires that are out of control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding some nuance, Furnas says it’s ultimately best for an ecosystem to have a variety of types of fire, including small patches of severe fire and small patches that have not burned for a long time. Unburned areas, for example, can provide higher forest cover suitable for breeding, resting or hiding. Patches of high-severity fire can be good for restarting forest succession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A diversity of fire is important,” he says. “We know that wildlife likes diversity, not just one thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The camera traps captured many thousands of images of wildlife, including 15 species of carnivores, such as foxes, martens, badgers and weasels. We asked Furnas to send us some of his favorite images from the camera traps. Please enjoy (above).\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Crab for Thanksgiving? Don't Count on It. Commercial Season Delayed",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you were hoping for a locally caught Dungeness crab dinner this Thanksgiving, you may have to wait — or catch it yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Wednesday, hours before some boats in the commercial fleet were set to head out to drop crab pots, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife announced a \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=175182&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary decision\u003c/a> to delay the season a second time this year, till mid-December. Allowing boats to go out before then could endanger humpback whales now migrating through prime crabbing waters between Half Moon Bay and Point Reyes, the department ruled. The season had already been delayed a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some port associations and commercial fleets, notably in Bodega Bay, San Francisco and Half Moon Bay, had requested the delay to avoid the chance of entangling whales in fishing gear. The department’s decision to postpone the season cited aerial and boat surveys this week that documented both whales in the fishing ground as well as concentrations of fish known to attract them. Surveys from the air in October showed “particularly high concentrations” of whales off the central coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Wildlife Director Charlton Bonham requested feedback on the preliminary decision by late Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backdrop for the delay is a 2017 Center for Biological Diversity \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fisheries/pdfs/17-10-3_CA_Dungeness_Crab_Entanglement_Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> against the state for insufficient regulation of commercial crabbing fleets. That year, more than 70 whales became entangled in fishing gear. The settlement, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735659/california-dungeness-crab-fishery-to-close-three-months-early-to-protect-whales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reached \u003c/a>in March, allows for more regulations and a potential end to the entire season if endangered whales become entangled. That’s a risk the fishing industry is eager to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crab from Washington state should be available at local markets for Thanksgiving. The recreational crab season \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11784637/commercial-crab-fishing-season-tentatively-delayed-recreational-warning-issued\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opened\u003c/a> Nov. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you were hoping for a locally caught Dungeness crab dinner this Thanksgiving, you may have to wait — or catch it yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Wednesday, hours before some boats in the commercial fleet were set to head out to drop crab pots, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife announced a \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=175182&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary decision\u003c/a> to delay the season a second time this year, till mid-December. Allowing boats to go out before then could endanger humpback whales now migrating through prime crabbing waters between Half Moon Bay and Point Reyes, the department ruled. The season had already been delayed a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some port associations and commercial fleets, notably in Bodega Bay, San Francisco and Half Moon Bay, had requested the delay to avoid the chance of entangling whales in fishing gear. The department’s decision to postpone the season cited aerial and boat surveys this week that documented both whales in the fishing ground as well as concentrations of fish known to attract them. Surveys from the air in October showed “particularly high concentrations” of whales off the central coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Wildlife Director Charlton Bonham requested feedback on the preliminary decision by late Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backdrop for the delay is a 2017 Center for Biological Diversity \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fisheries/pdfs/17-10-3_CA_Dungeness_Crab_Entanglement_Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> against the state for insufficient regulation of commercial crabbing fleets. That year, more than 70 whales became entangled in fishing gear. The settlement, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735659/california-dungeness-crab-fishery-to-close-three-months-early-to-protect-whales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reached \u003c/a>in March, allows for more regulations and a potential end to the entire season if endangered whales become entangled. That’s a risk the fishing industry is eager to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crab from Washington state should be available at local markets for Thanksgiving. The recreational crab season \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11784637/commercial-crab-fishing-season-tentatively-delayed-recreational-warning-issued\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opened\u003c/a> Nov. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Newly Approved Fishing Gear Reduces Ocean Wildlife Entanglements",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you order fresh swordfish off a menu in California, there’s a good chance it was caught with something called a drift gillnet. But these mile-long mesh nets are also notorious for entangling leatherback sea turtles, grey whales, sharks and porpoises, often leaving them injured or dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948342 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png 775w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-160x248.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-800x1239.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-768x1189.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png 990w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Studies show that deep-set buoy gear can catch swordfish without entangling marine mammals. Click on the image to make it larger.\u003c/strong> \u003ccite>(The PEW Charitable Trusts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and state government have been working to ban gillnets for years. In 2018, California passed a law to begin phasing out use of the nets in the state’s swordfishery. Now, the agency that manages California’s fisheries has approved an eco-friendly alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called deep-set buoy gear, and here’s how its works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hooks baited with squid are dropped on single lines to depths of around 1,000 feet, where swordfish like to feed. Attached to the line are buoys that float on the surface. When a fish takes the bait, a buoy bobs underwater, telling the fisherman it’s time to reel in the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://usa.oceana.org/sites/default/files/4046/benefits_of_deep-set_buoy_gear_november_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research shows that around 80 percent of what these lines bring up is swordfish. Over 90 percent is marketable when secondary species like thresher shark and opah are included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, studies show that more than half the haul from drift gillnets, on average, are discarded as unwanted bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After eight years of study, it is unequivocally a good way to catch swordfish without endangering so many other animals that are iconic to the West Coast,” said Paul Shively, who manages conservation projects for The PEW Charitable Trusts, a nonprofit that helped develop the new gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shively says that because gillnets are set out overnight near the surface of the ocean, they’re prone to ensnare many species that come up to feed. But buoy gear, he says, actively targets swordfish at deeper depths, where they feed during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council voted unanimously in September to authorize deep-set buoy gear for commercial swordfishing off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ugoretz, an environmental program manager with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, who represents California for the Pacific Fishery Management Council, says one of the big benefits of buoy gear is that because fishermen actively respond to fish on their lines, bycatch can be released quickly, without harming the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s taking a new approach to catching a popular species and doing so in an environmentally friendly way,” Ugoretz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. Dianne Feinstein, in a statement, praised the council’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is home to some of the most diverse marine life in the world,” Feinstein said. “But the driftnets used off California kill more dolphins, whales and porpoises than all other fisheries along the West Coast and Alaska combined. The use of this indiscriminate gear is unsustainable and must end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Feinstein \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=943603D6-6D7B-47FB-A6AB-1249870A12F8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reintroduced a bill\u003c/a> that would ban the use of gillnets in federal waters within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, gillnet permits issued in California were valid for the lifetime of the permit holder. These permits could then be transferred to the next generation of fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a California state law signed by Gov. Brown last year made all existing gillnet permits nontransferable. The law also called for the creation of a transition program that would compensate fishermen if they surrender their gear in favor of a viable, environmentally responsible alternative. Once the gillnet transition program is finalized, existing drift gillnet permits will be valid for only four more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘100 Fish in 100 Days’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some commercial fishermen question whether deep-set buoy gear is the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Sutton, a 40-year veteran swordfisherman based out of Ventura, has been testing the new gear on an experimental permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says while it’s good at accurately catching swordfish, the volume of fish he catches with buoy gear can’t compare to what he can pull up with gillnets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to fish every darn day to just basically average one fish a day. So a gillnetter will catch 100 fish in 30 days and we’ll catch 100 fish in 100 days,” Sutton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton says the switch to buoy gear could put many of the state’s commercial swordfishermen out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to buy a house, have kids, go to college, this isn’t the fishery,” Sutton said. “I don’t think this gear is ready for prime time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends the state take a slower approach and do more testing if it plans to move ahead with the four-year countdown to end drift gillnet fishing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it is, the change won’t happen overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council’s decision to approve deep-set buoy gear will now be passed on to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the agency in charge of creating the necessary regulations for its use. Ugoretz says this process could take more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California’s commercial fishermen can apply for experimental permits to start dropping deep-set buoy lines to catch swordfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you order fresh swordfish off a menu in California, there’s a good chance it was caught with something called a drift gillnet. But these mile-long mesh nets are also notorious for entangling leatherback sea turtles, grey whales, sharks and porpoises, often leaving them injured or dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948342 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png 775w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-160x248.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-800x1239.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-768x1189.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png 990w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Studies show that deep-set buoy gear can catch swordfish without entangling marine mammals. Click on the image to make it larger.\u003c/strong> \u003ccite>(The PEW Charitable Trusts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and state government have been working to ban gillnets for years. In 2018, California passed a law to begin phasing out use of the nets in the state’s swordfishery. Now, the agency that manages California’s fisheries has approved an eco-friendly alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called deep-set buoy gear, and here’s how its works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hooks baited with squid are dropped on single lines to depths of around 1,000 feet, where swordfish like to feed. Attached to the line are buoys that float on the surface. When a fish takes the bait, a buoy bobs underwater, telling the fisherman it’s time to reel in the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://usa.oceana.org/sites/default/files/4046/benefits_of_deep-set_buoy_gear_november_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research shows that around 80 percent of what these lines bring up is swordfish. Over 90 percent is marketable when secondary species like thresher shark and opah are included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, studies show that more than half the haul from drift gillnets, on average, are discarded as unwanted bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After eight years of study, it is unequivocally a good way to catch swordfish without endangering so many other animals that are iconic to the West Coast,” said Paul Shively, who manages conservation projects for The PEW Charitable Trusts, a nonprofit that helped develop the new gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shively says that because gillnets are set out overnight near the surface of the ocean, they’re prone to ensnare many species that come up to feed. But buoy gear, he says, actively targets swordfish at deeper depths, where they feed during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council voted unanimously in September to authorize deep-set buoy gear for commercial swordfishing off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ugoretz, an environmental program manager with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, who represents California for the Pacific Fishery Management Council, says one of the big benefits of buoy gear is that because fishermen actively respond to fish on their lines, bycatch can be released quickly, without harming the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s taking a new approach to catching a popular species and doing so in an environmentally friendly way,” Ugoretz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. Dianne Feinstein, in a statement, praised the council’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is home to some of the most diverse marine life in the world,” Feinstein said. “But the driftnets used off California kill more dolphins, whales and porpoises than all other fisheries along the West Coast and Alaska combined. The use of this indiscriminate gear is unsustainable and must end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Feinstein \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=943603D6-6D7B-47FB-A6AB-1249870A12F8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reintroduced a bill\u003c/a> that would ban the use of gillnets in federal waters within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, gillnet permits issued in California were valid for the lifetime of the permit holder. These permits could then be transferred to the next generation of fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a California state law signed by Gov. Brown last year made all existing gillnet permits nontransferable. The law also called for the creation of a transition program that would compensate fishermen if they surrender their gear in favor of a viable, environmentally responsible alternative. Once the gillnet transition program is finalized, existing drift gillnet permits will be valid for only four more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘100 Fish in 100 Days’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some commercial fishermen question whether deep-set buoy gear is the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Sutton, a 40-year veteran swordfisherman based out of Ventura, has been testing the new gear on an experimental permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says while it’s good at accurately catching swordfish, the volume of fish he catches with buoy gear can’t compare to what he can pull up with gillnets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to fish every darn day to just basically average one fish a day. So a gillnetter will catch 100 fish in 30 days and we’ll catch 100 fish in 100 days,” Sutton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton says the switch to buoy gear could put many of the state’s commercial swordfishermen out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to buy a house, have kids, go to college, this isn’t the fishery,” Sutton said. “I don’t think this gear is ready for prime time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends the state take a slower approach and do more testing if it plans to move ahead with the four-year countdown to end drift gillnet fishing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it is, the change won’t happen overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council’s decision to approve deep-set buoy gear will now be passed on to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the agency in charge of creating the necessary regulations for its use. Ugoretz says this process could take more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California’s commercial fishermen can apply for experimental permits to start dropping deep-set buoy lines to catch swordfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lead Ammunition is Now Banned for Hunting Wildlife in California",
"headTitle": "Lead Ammunition is Now Banned for Hunting Wildlife in California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Beginning July 1, lead ammunition is banned for hunting wildlife anywhere in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the final \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phasing in of a law\u003c/a> California passed in 2013. Governor Jerry Brown signed it in large part to protect the threatened California condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recovery of condors is being held back primarily by the presence of lead in the bodies and gut piles of the animals they scavenge upon, research indicates. Myra Finkelstein is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.metx.ucsc.edu/research/finkelstein.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildlife toxicologist\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz, and one of the researchers who testified in hearings for the bill, and whose work helped lay the case for a lead ammunition ban. She spoke with KQED’s Brian Watt about how lead affects animals in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following excerpts have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you give us an overview of what lead does to animals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944248\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400-160x96.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An X-ray image shows hundreds of lead bullet fragments in the neck of a mule deer shot with a lead rifle bullet. Just a few of these fragments contain enough lead to sicken or kill a bald eagle or California condor. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the National Park Service )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lead is a equal opportunity killer. It is toxic to many \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dq3h64x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vertebrate species\u003c/a>, and that includes humans. It can harm your immune system, reproductive system, nervous system, renal system, many systems. It’s a very well known toxic compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the Centers for Disease Control has said there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/blood_lead_levels.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no safe level\u003c/a> of lead exposure for a young child. So another way of putting that: that any exposure to a young child has been shown to result in long-term neurological impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What has lead meant for the California condor?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is the number one mortality factor for free-flying juvenile and adult California condors, and work that we have done has shown that lead poisoning is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22733770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preventing their recovery\u003c/a>. So it is the major threat that’s impeding their ability to recover in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead ammunition, it fragments. So people can look up online, you can see a radiograph and it’s all these tiny, tiny little pieces throughout the carcass. When the condor is eating its meal, we think they accidentally then ingest a little bit of these lead fragments. Even fragments as small as a couple of grains of sand have enough lead to potentially kill a condor. It doesn’t take very much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your research was important for showing that lead found in scavenging birds, like condors, is actually coming from ammunition, instead of from the environment, such as paint chips or lead pipes. How did you do this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/hunting/nonlead-ammunition\">Have questions about non-lead ammunition? Visit the California Department of Fish & Wildlife’s FAQ page.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lead has different isotopes, which creates a lead signature or a lead profile. It is almost like a fingerprint, but not quite as unique. This is how we identify sources of lead poisoning to children. We’ve been doing this, as a society, for decades. For wildlife, it’s the same thing. Where you can look at the lead signature in ammunition and look at the lead signature in a poisoned condor, and see whether or not they are similar, to illustrate: was the lead ammunition the source of lead poisoning to the condor? We did that for California condors and showed that lead ammunition was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">principal source\u003c/a> of lead poisoning for California condors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are lead ammo bans working? How long will it take for lead not to be a problem for sensitive species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far we have not been able to detect a change in lead poisoning rates in California condors, but part of that problem is that the rates in condors are highly variable, and that one contaminated carcass out there can poison a lot of condors at once. We’ve done some models and we’ve shown that even if 1 percent of the carcasses on the landscape contain lead, each condor can still have a 30 percent to 50 percent chance of encountering a carcass with lead and potentially being poisoned. It’s going to take a lot of time for us to be able to statistically assess if there’s been a change in lead poisoning rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I do think that a person switching to non-lead ammunition will be an immediate benefit to any scavenging species that might come across that person’s gut pile. As well as for a hunter and their family, as lead is highly toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As a lead ammunition ban goes into effect for hunting wildlife in California, we take a look at the science underpinning the ban. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beginning July 1, lead ammunition is banned for hunting wildlife anywhere in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the final \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phasing in of a law\u003c/a> California passed in 2013. Governor Jerry Brown signed it in large part to protect the threatened California condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recovery of condors is being held back primarily by the presence of lead in the bodies and gut piles of the animals they scavenge upon, research indicates. Myra Finkelstein is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.metx.ucsc.edu/research/finkelstein.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildlife toxicologist\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz, and one of the researchers who testified in hearings for the bill, and whose work helped lay the case for a lead ammunition ban. She spoke with KQED’s Brian Watt about how lead affects animals in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following excerpts have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you give us an overview of what lead does to animals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944248\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400-160x96.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An X-ray image shows hundreds of lead bullet fragments in the neck of a mule deer shot with a lead rifle bullet. Just a few of these fragments contain enough lead to sicken or kill a bald eagle or California condor. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the National Park Service )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lead is a equal opportunity killer. It is toxic to many \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dq3h64x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vertebrate species\u003c/a>, and that includes humans. It can harm your immune system, reproductive system, nervous system, renal system, many systems. It’s a very well known toxic compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the Centers for Disease Control has said there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/blood_lead_levels.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no safe level\u003c/a> of lead exposure for a young child. So another way of putting that: that any exposure to a young child has been shown to result in long-term neurological impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What has lead meant for the California condor?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is the number one mortality factor for free-flying juvenile and adult California condors, and work that we have done has shown that lead poisoning is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22733770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preventing their recovery\u003c/a>. So it is the major threat that’s impeding their ability to recover in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead ammunition, it fragments. So people can look up online, you can see a radiograph and it’s all these tiny, tiny little pieces throughout the carcass. When the condor is eating its meal, we think they accidentally then ingest a little bit of these lead fragments. Even fragments as small as a couple of grains of sand have enough lead to potentially kill a condor. It doesn’t take very much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your research was important for showing that lead found in scavenging birds, like condors, is actually coming from ammunition, instead of from the environment, such as paint chips or lead pipes. How did you do this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/hunting/nonlead-ammunition\">Have questions about non-lead ammunition? Visit the California Department of Fish & Wildlife’s FAQ page.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lead has different isotopes, which creates a lead signature or a lead profile. It is almost like a fingerprint, but not quite as unique. This is how we identify sources of lead poisoning to children. We’ve been doing this, as a society, for decades. For wildlife, it’s the same thing. Where you can look at the lead signature in ammunition and look at the lead signature in a poisoned condor, and see whether or not they are similar, to illustrate: was the lead ammunition the source of lead poisoning to the condor? We did that for California condors and showed that lead ammunition was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">principal source\u003c/a> of lead poisoning for California condors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are lead ammo bans working? How long will it take for lead not to be a problem for sensitive species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far we have not been able to detect a change in lead poisoning rates in California condors, but part of that problem is that the rates in condors are highly variable, and that one contaminated carcass out there can poison a lot of condors at once. We’ve done some models and we’ve shown that even if 1 percent of the carcasses on the landscape contain lead, each condor can still have a 30 percent to 50 percent chance of encountering a carcass with lead and potentially being poisoned. It’s going to take a lot of time for us to be able to statistically assess if there’s been a change in lead poisoning rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I do think that a person switching to non-lead ammunition will be an immediate benefit to any scavenging species that might come across that person’s gut pile. As well as for a hunter and their family, as lead is highly toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Judge Rules Gray Wolves Can Stay in California",
"headTitle": "Judge Rules Gray Wolves Can Stay in California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A California judge on Monday upheld protection for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925619/california-comeback-for-gray-wolf-hits-farthest-point-south\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gray wolves\u003c/a> under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/CESA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>, rejecting a legal challenge from ranchers and farmers who fear the predators will threaten their livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”4c1NkWlYdcFNareS7hlPT6LnxRx1bUe0″]The judge in San Diego ruled that California was right to list the wolves as endangered in 2014. A lawsuit on behalf of the California Farm Bureau Federation and the California Cattlemen’s Association argued the listing was arbitrary because there are so few wolves in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pacificlegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Opening-Brief-Gray-Wolf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suit\u003c/a>, filed by the Pacific Legal Foundation in January of 2017, claimed the type of gray wolf recently observed in California is a “non-native subspecies,” and challenged whether it had sufficiently established a range in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Jim Houston, the Farm Bureau’s manager of legal and governmental affairs, the suit was filed to give ranchers “more flexibility in co-existing with wolves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston said in a statement that the group is committed to working with the state to reduce “the burdens of raising livestock in areas with wolves, but we do not expect it to be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial court ruling held on Monday that the claims presented in the lawsuit to challenge the species’ place on the endangered list were false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937369\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1937369\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A gray wolf pup photographed by remote camera in Lassen National Forest in June 2017. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amaroq Weiss is the West Coast Wolf Advocate with the Center for Biological Diversity, which joined the state in defending the gray wolf’s endangered status. She says this week’s ruling is a major victory for the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so few opportunities in our lifetime to be able to recover a species that we once tried to wipe off the face of the Earth, Weiss says. “That all by itself is just a miracle to have wolves coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also an ecological value of having wolves back in the state, according to Weiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are key players in keeping wild nature healthy. And with our changing climate and changing habitat as a result of climate change and human development,” Weiss says, “It’s all the more important that we have players back on the ground like wolves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss says the state ruling is especially important as the Trump administration is expected to try to strip wolves of their existing federal protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, a wolf known as OR-7 made headlines when it traveled south from Oregon — making it the first known wolf in California since 1924. One of OR-7’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/science/article/Wolf-family-sprouts-in-Lassen-National-Forest-11268765.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offspring\u003c/a> has become the breeding male of the only known wolf pack in California. Two of OR-7’s female pups also ventured into the Golden State, and one has traveled as far south as Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Fish and Game Commission granted the gray wolf protections under the state’s endangered species act, despite opposition from hunting and livestock groups who worry an unchecked population will kill deer and valuable cattle. Under California’s protections, gray wolves can’t be killed or hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OR-7 eventually returned to Oregon in 2014 and the wolf has successfully reproduced each year since. It was so-named because he was the seventh wolf captured and collared in Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Legal Foundation didn’t respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/837292910fdc426eab1ad6171beabc41\">Associated Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A San Diego judge on Monday upheld protection for gray wolves under the California's Endangered Species Act, rejecting a legal challenge from ranchers and farmers who fear the predators will threaten their livestock.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California judge on Monday upheld protection for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925619/california-comeback-for-gray-wolf-hits-farthest-point-south\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gray wolves\u003c/a> under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/CESA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>, rejecting a legal challenge from ranchers and farmers who fear the predators will threaten their livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The judge in San Diego ruled that California was right to list the wolves as endangered in 2014. A lawsuit on behalf of the California Farm Bureau Federation and the California Cattlemen’s Association argued the listing was arbitrary because there are so few wolves in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pacificlegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Opening-Brief-Gray-Wolf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suit\u003c/a>, filed by the Pacific Legal Foundation in January of 2017, claimed the type of gray wolf recently observed in California is a “non-native subspecies,” and challenged whether it had sufficiently established a range in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Jim Houston, the Farm Bureau’s manager of legal and governmental affairs, the suit was filed to give ranchers “more flexibility in co-existing with wolves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston said in a statement that the group is committed to working with the state to reduce “the burdens of raising livestock in areas with wolves, but we do not expect it to be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial court ruling held on Monday that the claims presented in the lawsuit to challenge the species’ place on the endangered list were false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937369\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1937369\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/RS25927_wolf-61-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A gray wolf pup photographed by remote camera in Lassen National Forest in June 2017. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amaroq Weiss is the West Coast Wolf Advocate with the Center for Biological Diversity, which joined the state in defending the gray wolf’s endangered status. She says this week’s ruling is a major victory for the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so few opportunities in our lifetime to be able to recover a species that we once tried to wipe off the face of the Earth, Weiss says. “That all by itself is just a miracle to have wolves coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also an ecological value of having wolves back in the state, according to Weiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are key players in keeping wild nature healthy. And with our changing climate and changing habitat as a result of climate change and human development,” Weiss says, “It’s all the more important that we have players back on the ground like wolves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss says the state ruling is especially important as the Trump administration is expected to try to strip wolves of their existing federal protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, a wolf known as OR-7 made headlines when it traveled south from Oregon — making it the first known wolf in California since 1924. One of OR-7’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/science/article/Wolf-family-sprouts-in-Lassen-National-Forest-11268765.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offspring\u003c/a> has become the breeding male of the only known wolf pack in California. Two of OR-7’s female pups also ventured into the Golden State, and one has traveled as far south as Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Fish and Game Commission granted the gray wolf protections under the state’s endangered species act, despite opposition from hunting and livestock groups who worry an unchecked population will kill deer and valuable cattle. Under California’s protections, gray wolves can’t be killed or hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OR-7 eventually returned to Oregon in 2014 and the wolf has successfully reproduced each year since. It was so-named because he was the seventh wolf captured and collared in Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Legal Foundation didn’t respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/837292910fdc426eab1ad6171beabc41\">Associated Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bears Burned in California Wildfires Go Holistic for Pain",
"headTitle": "Bears Burned in California Wildfires Go Holistic for Pain | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Veterinarians successfully used alternative medical treatments such as acupuncture on three wild animals burned in the Southern California wildfires, although one patient — a 5-month-old mountain lion — did keep eating his fish-skin and corn-husk bandages, vets at the University of California, Davis said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We made little spring rolls with their feet,’ \u003ccite>Jamie Peyton, veterinarian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rescuers brought two adult bears, one of them pregnant, and the young mountain lion to veterinarians with the state Department of Fish and Wildlife and the university after the animals were hurt in the largest wildfire in state history. They were found in the Los Padres National Forest, whose mountains stretch through badly burned areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919051\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1919051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg\" alt=\"Two red burned paws.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bear brought to CDFW Wildlife Investigations Lab has severe third-degree burns on its paw. \u003ccite>(Karin Higgins / UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bears had suffered third-degree burns on all their paws, said Jamie Peyton, chief of the Integrative Medicine Service at the university’s vet school. The cub also burned all four paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard pain treatment is a problem for both the animals and their caregivers when it comes to wildlife with sharp teeth and claws, Peyton said. For safety, vets have to heavily sedate the animals every time they change their bandages or otherwise care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only anesthetize them so many times,” Peyton said. “It’s hard on them. We can’t do that to them every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919055\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919055 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear's paw.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992.jpg 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear’s paw. \u003ccite>(California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putting pain pills in food also is problematic, because there’s no guarantee the animals will eat them, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Peyton and her colleagues used some of the alternative methods she already employs with other animals, including acupuncture, chiropractic treatment, and cold-laser therapy. Many health-insurance companies consider some of the treatments experimental or unproven, and do not always cover their costs in human patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vets carried out the alternative treatments only on days when the bears and mountain lion were already anesthetized for bandage changes or other standard care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I adore them, but they’re wild,” Peyton explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Oz3EB5AUpQA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another form of treatment seemed most helpful of all for the bears, vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California vets stitched the fish skins to the animals’ burned paws, then wrapped the treated feet with bandages of rice paper and corn husks, after reading about trials on human burn victims in Brazil that placed treated skins from tilapia, a ubiquitous species of fish, on burn victims to soothe pain and promote healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”UkQdjT9kYfvdTUffvcdUxSjpg2htpbmj”]Doctors routinely graft skin from humans and pigs to burns, but fish skins have the advantage of being more readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made little spring rolls with their feet,” Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ordinary cloth bandages can block animals’ intestines if the animals eat them, which they often do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919054\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919054 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Bear paw with fish skin on it. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears being treated by Dr. Laura Peyton, Chief of Integrated medicine at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife on January 8, 2017. Peyton fit biologic bandages made from tilapia skin onto the badly burned paw pads of the bears.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bears initially laid down continuously to spare her burned paws, not wanting to stand or walk at all, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the first time we put the bandages on, she woke up, she stood up,” and showed interest in her surroundings, she said. Both bears were soon walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results argue for more trials of the fish skins for burns, the vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of treatment, wildlife officials released the bears back into the burned Los Padres National Forest last week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Veterinarians successfully used alternative medical treatments such as acupuncture on three wild animals burned in the Southern California wildfires, although one patient — a 5-month-old mountain lion — did keep eating his fish-skin and corn-husk bandages, vets at the University of California, Davis said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We made little spring rolls with their feet,’ \u003ccite>Jamie Peyton, veterinarian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rescuers brought two adult bears, one of them pregnant, and the young mountain lion to veterinarians with the state Department of Fish and Wildlife and the university after the animals were hurt in the largest wildfire in state history. They were found in the Los Padres National Forest, whose mountains stretch through badly burned areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919051\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1919051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg\" alt=\"Two red burned paws.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bear brought to CDFW Wildlife Investigations Lab has severe third-degree burns on its paw. \u003ccite>(Karin Higgins / UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bears had suffered third-degree burns on all their paws, said Jamie Peyton, chief of the Integrative Medicine Service at the university’s vet school. The cub also burned all four paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard pain treatment is a problem for both the animals and their caregivers when it comes to wildlife with sharp teeth and claws, Peyton said. For safety, vets have to heavily sedate the animals every time they change their bandages or otherwise care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only anesthetize them so many times,” Peyton said. “It’s hard on them. We can’t do that to them every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919055\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919055 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear's paw.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992.jpg 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear’s paw. \u003ccite>(California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putting pain pills in food also is problematic, because there’s no guarantee the animals will eat them, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Peyton and her colleagues used some of the alternative methods she already employs with other animals, including acupuncture, chiropractic treatment, and cold-laser therapy. Many health-insurance companies consider some of the treatments experimental or unproven, and do not always cover their costs in human patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vets carried out the alternative treatments only on days when the bears and mountain lion were already anesthetized for bandage changes or other standard care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I adore them, but they’re wild,” Peyton explained.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Oz3EB5AUpQA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Oz3EB5AUpQA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Another form of treatment seemed most helpful of all for the bears, vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California vets stitched the fish skins to the animals’ burned paws, then wrapped the treated feet with bandages of rice paper and corn husks, after reading about trials on human burn victims in Brazil that placed treated skins from tilapia, a ubiquitous species of fish, on burn victims to soothe pain and promote healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Doctors routinely graft skin from humans and pigs to burns, but fish skins have the advantage of being more readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made little spring rolls with their feet,” Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ordinary cloth bandages can block animals’ intestines if the animals eat them, which they often do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919054\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919054 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Bear paw with fish skin on it. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears being treated by Dr. Laura Peyton, Chief of Integrated medicine at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife on January 8, 2017. Peyton fit biologic bandages made from tilapia skin onto the badly burned paw pads of the bears.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bears initially laid down continuously to spare her burned paws, not wanting to stand or walk at all, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the first time we put the bandages on, she woke up, she stood up,” and showed interest in her surroundings, she said. Both bears were soon walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results argue for more trials of the fish skins for burns, the vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of treatment, wildlife officials released the bears back into the burned Los Padres National Forest last week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Great Bird Goo Mystery: Why It’s Not as Easy as ‘CSI’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26995\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 642px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Gail-Cho-e1423172004910-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26995\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Gail-Cho-e1423172004910-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\" width=\"642\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chemist Gail Cho is investigating the mystery goo and says it’s not as easy as putting a sample in a box and getting instant results. (California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:00 p.m., Feb. 12:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Fish and Wildlife scientists say they’ve narrowed down the possibilities of the mystery gunk to a mixture of oils and fats. They still don’t know if the substances are natural or manmade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve eliminated some of the suspect compounds including petroleum products, fuels, lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, things like that,” says state chemist David Crane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No word on how long it will take to make a final identification. Eight labs across the country are still working on the case and Crane says they’ll keep at it until they “hit a wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excited sea ducks and shorebirds leapt into the water Wednesday as the \u003ca href=\"http://bird-rescue.org/\">International Bird Rescue Center\u003c/a> released its third batch of water fowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birds started turning up San Francisco Bay in mid-January, coated in a sticky gray gunk. Three weeks later investigators are still trying to figure out what the mystery material is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not for lack of effort. State scientists, federal agencies, and a lab in Britain are all trying to identify the substance. To get a behind-the-scenes look at the forensic science involved, I drove to the state’s Fish and Wildlife lab, to find out why it’s taking so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab’s headquarters, a half-hour east of Sacramento, are completely unassuming. One paved road winds past discreetly marked stucco buildings: Petroleum Chemistry Laboratory, Water Pollution Control Laboratory, Aquatic Bioassessment Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each lab tests for different types of chemicals and once you’re inside, it’s kind of a geek’s paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’re basically trying to reconstruct a vase from a pile of powder.’\u003ccite>–Gail Cho,\u003cbr>\nChemist, California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside, various instruments click away, running simultaneous tests on the goo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look a little bit like a microwave oven but with a lot more buttons,” says chemist Gail Cho, who is showing me around, tossing out a dizzying stream of jargon. “And over here we’re standing in front of the gas mass-spec triple quad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s short for \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrometry\">gas chromatography mass spectrometry\u003c/a>. It’s a method for analyzing different substances within a test sample. The sample must be a gas and the device is able to identify trace organic compounds within the sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cho says, forget what you’ve seen on TV crime dramas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A typical ‘CSI’ show takes about 40 minutes minus the commercials,” Cho said. “A typical run for analyzing one compound like polychloride biphenyl takes almost an hour for one of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 209 \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl\">polychloride biphenyls\u003c/a>, so that’s nearly nine days just to clear all the varieties of one chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving on to another chemical could mean another nine days. After two weeks, working around the clock, you’d only have eliminated eliminate two chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27008\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/bird-release_1-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27008\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/bird-release_1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"After cleaning goo-covered birds with baking soda, vinegar and dish soap. the International Bird Rescue Center has released 101 back into the wild. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"357\" height=\"238\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After cleaning gunked birds with baking soda, vinegar and dish soap, responders have released more than 100 back into the wild.\u003cbr>(Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s the problem with an unidentified compound. Cho says investigators need some kind of starting point. Because even if they know what elements are in the compound, that’s still only marginally helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of things that have carbon and hydrogen but what is it?” says Cho. “Our bodies have that and most things in nature have that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Cho and her team can even begin the tests, they have to remove foreign matter like feathers and sand from the goo. Then they have to transform it into a liquid or gas, to run through the machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re basically trying to reconstruct a vase from a pile of powder,” says Cho. She says in her five years at the lab, she’s never seen anything like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003c/a>are also perplexed, and working on the case. After three weeks, they’ve ruled out two suspect substances.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State scientists, federal agencies, and a lab in Britain are all trying to identify a mystery gunk that killed hundreds of sea birds in San Francisco Bay. It's been three weeks, and still no word on what the gunk is. KQED investigates why it's taking so long.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excited sea ducks and shorebirds leapt into the water Wednesday as the \u003ca href=\"http://bird-rescue.org/\">International Bird Rescue Center\u003c/a> released its third batch of water fowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birds started turning up San Francisco Bay in mid-January, coated in a sticky gray gunk. Three weeks later investigators are still trying to figure out what the mystery material is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not for lack of effort. State scientists, federal agencies, and a lab in Britain are all trying to identify the substance. To get a behind-the-scenes look at the forensic science involved, I drove to the state’s Fish and Wildlife lab, to find out why it’s taking so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab’s headquarters, a half-hour east of Sacramento, are completely unassuming. One paved road winds past discreetly marked stucco buildings: Petroleum Chemistry Laboratory, Water Pollution Control Laboratory, Aquatic Bioassessment Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each lab tests for different types of chemicals and once you’re inside, it’s kind of a geek’s paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’re basically trying to reconstruct a vase from a pile of powder.’\u003ccite>–Gail Cho,\u003cbr>\nChemist, California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside, various instruments click away, running simultaneous tests on the goo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look a little bit like a microwave oven but with a lot more buttons,” says chemist Gail Cho, who is showing me around, tossing out a dizzying stream of jargon. “And over here we’re standing in front of the gas mass-spec triple quad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s short for \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrometry\">gas chromatography mass spectrometry\u003c/a>. It’s a method for analyzing different substances within a test sample. The sample must be a gas and the device is able to identify trace organic compounds within the sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cho says, forget what you’ve seen on TV crime dramas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A typical ‘CSI’ show takes about 40 minutes minus the commercials,” Cho said. “A typical run for analyzing one compound like polychloride biphenyl takes almost an hour for one of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 209 \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl\">polychloride biphenyls\u003c/a>, so that’s nearly nine days just to clear all the varieties of one chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving on to another chemical could mean another nine days. After two weeks, working around the clock, you’d only have eliminated eliminate two chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27008\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/bird-release_1-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27008\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/bird-release_1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"After cleaning goo-covered birds with baking soda, vinegar and dish soap. the International Bird Rescue Center has released 101 back into the wild. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"357\" height=\"238\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After cleaning gunked birds with baking soda, vinegar and dish soap, responders have released more than 100 back into the wild.\u003cbr>(Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s the problem with an unidentified compound. Cho says investigators need some kind of starting point. Because even if they know what elements are in the compound, that’s still only marginally helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of things that have carbon and hydrogen but what is it?” says Cho. “Our bodies have that and most things in nature have that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Cho and her team can even begin the tests, they have to remove foreign matter like feathers and sand from the goo. Then they have to transform it into a liquid or gas, to run through the machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re basically trying to reconstruct a vase from a pile of powder,” says Cho. She says in her five years at the lab, she’s never seen anything like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003c/a>are also perplexed, and working on the case. After three weeks, they’ve ruled out two suspect substances.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
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},
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},
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"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"meta": {
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},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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