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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday at 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal authorities will monitor the investigation into the death of a black man found hanging from a tree in the Southern California city of Palmdale, officials said Monday following large weekend protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Fuller’s body was found the previous Wednesday morning in Poncitlán Square in Palmdale. The 24-year-old’s death was deemed a likely suicide based on preliminary findings, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LosAngelesCountySheriffsDepartment/posts/3649520038408216\">Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fuller’s family and supporters are pushing back against the department’s assessment, saying his death appears to be a lynching. A growing number of residents and officials in Los Angeles County are demanding answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state attorney general’s office and the FBI’s Civil Rights Division will oversee the investigation into Fuller’s death, which is being led by the Los Angeles County sheriff’s homicide bureau, Sheriff Alex Villanueva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coroner’s office has completed an autopsy but is awaiting toxicology results, Dr. Jonathan Lucas said. Investigators are also looking at Fuller’s medical history. Homicide detectives plan to analyze the rope and its knot, canvass the area for video footage, interview Fuller’s social services case worker and speak to anyone who had recently interacted with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are also seeking to meet with Fuller’s family, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death came 10 days after another black man was found hanging from a tree about 50 miles away in Victorville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the state Senate began its session with a moment of silence for Fuller and Malcolm Harsch. The death of Harsch, the 38-year-old black man who was found on May 31, came to light after Fuller’s case. Harsch’s family told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vvng.com/sheriffs-department-says-foul-play-not-suspected-after-black-man-found-hanging-in-tree-near-victorville-city-library/\">Victor Valley News\u003c/a> on Saturday that “the explanation of suicide does not seem plausible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villanueva said his investigators will consult with San Bernardino detectives to see if there are any commonalities between the deaths of the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Community’s Call for Justice Grows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, hundreds gathered in the park where Fuller’s body was found demanding an investigation into his death. Throughout the day, protesters marched through the city’s major thoroughfares and to the Palmdale’s Sheriff Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Diamond Alexander, Robert Fuller's sister\"]‘We really want to find out the truth of what really happened. It’s like everything that they’ve been telling us has not been right.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally near the tree where her brother’s body was found, Fuller’s sister, Diamond Alexander, expressed her skepticism that he died by suicide and said her family still had unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really want to find out the truth of what really happened,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/josie_huang/status/1271872174152773632?s=20\">said Alexander, choking up \u003c/a>while speaking about her brother’s death. “It’s like everything that they’ve been telling us has not been right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death reverberated through Palmdale and much of the region. The city is part of the Antelope Valley, a metro area \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcet.org/shows/artbound/the-shifting-demographics-of-antelope-valley-and-developments-consequences\">that has transformed\u003c/a> from a majority-white community into a racially diverse exurb in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shift has not been without tensions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted\">Neo-Nazi groups\u003c/a> have been reported in the area. There have also been Justice Department actions over alleged \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/housing-authority-los-angeles-county-and-cities-lancaster-california-and-palmdale-california\">discriminatory housing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-releases-findings-antelope-valley-stations-los-angeles-county-sheriff-s\">policing practices \u003c/a>in Palmdale and the neighboring city of Lancaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department announced a virtual town hall with Palmdale and Lancaster residents for Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More officials lined up behind the Fuller family’s demands for answers over the weekend. The Los Angeles County supervisor for the 5th District, Kathryn Barger, asked state Attorney General Xavier Becerra to get involved in an independent investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"george-floyd\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your role as the lead attorney and law enforcement official for the State of California will lend additional credibility, expertise and sensitivity to an already grieving community that deserves answers,” Barger \u003ca href=\"https://kathrynbarger.lacounty.gov/letter-to-xavier-becerra/\">wrote in a letter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post Saturday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2995594557201695\">the city of Palmdale\u003c/a> said it’s “joining the family and the community’s call for justice, and we do support a full investigation into his death. We will settle for nothing less than a thorough accounting of this matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other city officials who had earlier echoed the county’s findings seemed to join the call, including Palmdale City Manager J.J. Murphy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City of Palmdale will do everything we can to assist Mr. Fuller’s family during this difficult time as we all wait to learn more about his tragic death,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2993904557370695\">Murphy said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement a day earlier, Murphy said the county had \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpalmdale.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=363&fbclid=IwAR3KkOvIIhPI28kya_i3BJIVR7n5T6-wqq2uAltuG8NMGJ2UQMISn03oMaM\">confirmed that Fuller\u003c/a> had died by suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+City+Residents+Demand+Answers+After+Black+Man+Found+Hanging+From+Tree&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your role as the lead attorney and law enforcement official for the State of California will lend additional credibility, expertise and sensitivity to an already grieving community that deserves answers,” Barger \u003ca href=\"https://kathrynbarger.lacounty.gov/letter-to-xavier-becerra/\">wrote in a letter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post Saturday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2995594557201695\">the city of Palmdale\u003c/a> said it’s “joining the family and the community’s call for justice, and we do support a full investigation into his death. We will settle for nothing less than a thorough accounting of this matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other city officials who had earlier echoed the county’s findings seemed to join the call, including Palmdale City Manager J.J. Murphy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City of Palmdale will do everything we can to assist Mr. Fuller’s family during this difficult time as we all wait to learn more about his tragic death,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2993904557370695\">Murphy said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement a day earlier, Murphy said the county had \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpalmdale.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=363&fbclid=IwAR3KkOvIIhPI28kya_i3BJIVR7n5T6-wqq2uAltuG8NMGJ2UQMISn03oMaM\">confirmed that Fuller\u003c/a> had died by suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+City+Residents+Demand+Answers+After+Black+Man+Found+Hanging+From+Tree&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Thursday, 9:30 a.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants sued the U.S. government Wednesday over conditions at a federal prison in Southern California used to house detainees since the Trump administration stepped up the detention of asylum-seekers and others arrested on the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed in federal court in Riverside, alleges that harsh prison conditions at a medium-security facility in Victorville, California, are too restrictive for detainees awaiting their immigration court hearings, many of whom are seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Margot Mendelson with the Prison Law Office, a public interest firm in Berkeley, told KQED that her clients are not supposed to be punished for violations of civil law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The definition of punitive is locking people into a medium-security federal prison a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nd exposing them to the kinds of custodial practices that one might expect for a population of convicted prisoners and not for civil detainees,\" Mendelson said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendelson was part of a legal team that interviewed 20 detainees at the Victorville facility, located in San Bernardino County. She cited the constant use of restraints and lockdowns as the most obvious violations detainees endured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are shackled at their arms and legs,\" she said. \"They wear belly chains. They are locked into small cells -- one or two people per cell -- all of the night and most of the day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting enough food was also a constant problem, she said. Some detainees reported being served a sandwich with two pieces of bread and nothing inside. Detainees said food was sometimes rotten and they were constantly hungry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Questions Over Religious Freedom\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The complaint also alleges detainees have been deprived of religious rights by being denied access to a Bible and the use of a Sikh turban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a result of the unconstitutional treatment of these civil detainees, many have expressed a desire to be returned, immediately, to their countries of origin, foregoing their claims for immigration relief altogether, because they would rather face the dangers back home than be imprisoned in these abysmal conditions,\" said the lawsuit, which alleges inadequate medical care and food and seeks to have detainees removed from the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration and Customs Enforcement declined to comment on the case. ICE spokeswoman Lori Haley said in a statement, \"As a matter of policy, we do not comment on pending litigation. However, lack of comment should not be construed as agreement or stipulation with any of the allegations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency says about 700 detainees are currently at the facility. Plaintiffs' attorneys placed the number at 800.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Immigrant Detention at Bureau of Prisons Facilities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In June, immigration authorities began sending detainees to prisons in Oregon, Washington and elsewhere to deal with overcrowding at ICE detention facilities. The Federal Bureau of Prisons set aside up to 1,600 beds to house immigration detainees as the Trump administration sought to stem illegal border crossings and take a stricter approach to asylum cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, immigrant advocates have filed a separate lawsuit to gain access to detainees held in Victorville, who they said were deprived of access to lawyers and phone calls and placed on lockdown for days at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wednesday's lawsuit, plaintiffs said the prison didn't issue detainees a change of clothing for the first two to three weeks. One man reported having to wash his clothes with hand soap in the toilet in his cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detainees have only a few hours of outdoor exercise time each week and no educational or other programming, the suit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oregon, similar litigation has been filed over conditions at a federal prison in rural Sheridan. Lawyers for the American Civil Liberties Union are involved in both cases. Wednesday's complaint could potentially affect those arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Prison Guards Lack Guidance on Detainees' Treatment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When ICE first revealed plans to transfer 1,000 detainees to the federal prison in Victorville, an agency spokeswoman said the arrangement was a temporary measure until ICE could obtain other contracts or until border crossing subsided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a July 20 newsletter by John Kostelnik, the head of the local prison guard union, says the Victorville prison “continues to receive and release detainees, and the mission for housing them appears to be more long term than was initially indicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kostelnik worried about the safety of officers who were assigned additional duties, without any training or extra staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agency still has no process or procedures to handle these detainees, [and] we have not been provided information in regards to our responsibilities,\" Kostelnik wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from KQED's Criminal Justice and Immigration Editor Tyche Hendricks and the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendelson was part of a legal team that interviewed 20 detainees at the Victorville facility, located in San Bernardino County. She cited the constant use of restraints and lockdowns as the most obvious violations detainees endured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are shackled at their arms and legs,\" she said. \"They wear belly chains. They are locked into small cells -- one or two people per cell -- all of the night and most of the day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting enough food was also a constant problem, she said. Some detainees reported being served a sandwich with two pieces of bread and nothing inside. Detainees said food was sometimes rotten and they were constantly hungry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Questions Over Religious Freedom\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The complaint also alleges detainees have been deprived of religious rights by being denied access to a Bible and the use of a Sikh turban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a result of the unconstitutional treatment of these civil detainees, many have expressed a desire to be returned, immediately, to their countries of origin, foregoing their claims for immigration relief altogether, because they would rather face the dangers back home than be imprisoned in these abysmal conditions,\" said the lawsuit, which alleges inadequate medical care and food and seeks to have detainees removed from the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration and Customs Enforcement declined to comment on the case. ICE spokeswoman Lori Haley said in a statement, \"As a matter of policy, we do not comment on pending litigation. However, lack of comment should not be construed as agreement or stipulation with any of the allegations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency says about 700 detainees are currently at the facility. Plaintiffs' attorneys placed the number at 800.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Immigrant Detention at Bureau of Prisons Facilities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In June, immigration authorities began sending detainees to prisons in Oregon, Washington and elsewhere to deal with overcrowding at ICE detention facilities. The Federal Bureau of Prisons set aside up to 1,600 beds to house immigration detainees as the Trump administration sought to stem illegal border crossings and take a stricter approach to asylum cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, immigrant advocates have filed a separate lawsuit to gain access to detainees held in Victorville, who they said were deprived of access to lawyers and phone calls and placed on lockdown for days at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wednesday's lawsuit, plaintiffs said the prison didn't issue detainees a change of clothing for the first two to three weeks. One man reported having to wash his clothes with hand soap in the toilet in his cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detainees have only a few hours of outdoor exercise time each week and no educational or other programming, the suit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oregon, similar litigation has been filed over conditions at a federal prison in rural Sheridan. Lawyers for the American Civil Liberties Union are involved in both cases. Wednesday's complaint could potentially affect those arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Prison Guards Lack Guidance on Detainees' Treatment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When ICE first revealed plans to transfer 1,000 detainees to the federal prison in Victorville, an agency spokeswoman said the arrangement was a temporary measure until ICE could obtain other contracts or until border crossing subsided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a July 20 newsletter by John Kostelnik, the head of the local prison guard union, says the Victorville prison “continues to receive and release detainees, and the mission for housing them appears to be more long term than was initially indicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kostelnik worried about the safety of officers who were assigned additional duties, without any training or extra staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agency still has no process or procedures to handle these detainees, [and] we have not been provided information in regards to our responsibilities,\" Kostelnik wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from KQED's Criminal Justice and Immigration Editor Tyche Hendricks and the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement says it has acquired new space in federal prisons to house immigrant detainees — more than 1,600 beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of a “current surge in illegal border crossings” and the Trump administration’s “zero-tolerance policy,” ICE entered into agreements with the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), the agency said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The use of BOP facilities is intended to be a temporary measure until ICE can obtain additional long-term contracts for new detention facilities or until the surge in illegal border crossings subsides,” ICE spokesperson Danielle Bennett said in a statement emailed to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A facility in Victorville will house the most detainees — 1,000 — while locations in Seattle; La Tuna, Texas; Sheridan, Ore.; and Phoenix will hold between 102 and 230 detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former ICE official under the Obama administration, Kevin Landy, called the move “highly unusual,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-prisons-exclusive/exclusive-u-s-immigration-authorities-sending-1600-detainees-to-federal-prisons-idUSKCN1J32W1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">telling Reuters that\u003c/a> a “large percent of ICE detainees have no criminal record and are more vulnerable in a prison setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/06/617750865/may-marks-another-increase-in-border-arrests-despite-trump-crackdown\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">released new figures\u003c/a> showing an increase in arrests of people attempting to cross the southern U.S. border illegally — almost 52,000 people were arrested in May, the agency said. That’s a sharp \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">increase from May 2017,\u003c/a> when that number was just under 20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/06/600435660/trump-administration-seeks-new-border-crackdown\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced a new “zero-tolerance”\u003c/a> policy in April, saying the government would prosecute anyone attempting to enter the country unlawfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions also said last month that the government would \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/07/609225537/sessions-says-zero-tolerance-for-illegal-border-crossers-vows-to-divide-families\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">separate migrant parents\u003c/a> from their children, leading to an outcry among immigrant advocates after at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/01/616257822/immigration-rights-activists-protest-trump-administration-child-separation-polic\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">600 children were separated\u003c/a> from their parents in one month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t like that, then don’t smuggle children over our border,” Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, a federal judge allowed a lawsuit against the Trump administration’s separation policy to proceed, saying, “Such conduct, if true, is brutal, offensive, and fails to comport with traditional notions of fair play and decency,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/07/617928318/judge-says-yes-to-lawsuit-challenging-trump-administration-family-separation-pol\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">as NPR’s Joel Rose reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Obama administration, immigrants who were arrested “without serious criminal records were allowed to await their court dates while living in the United States,” Reuters notes. “Others were housed in immigration detention facilities or local jails.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security and the Justice Department released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2018/06/07/departments-justice-and-homeland-security-release-quarterly-alien-incarceration\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">report Thursday\u003c/a> saying that 57,820 “known or suspected aliens” were in the custody of the DOJ at the end of the first quarter of the 2018 fiscal year. The Bureau of Prisons is a part of the DOJ. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=ICE+To+Send+1%2C600+Detainees+To+Federal+Prisons&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement says it has acquired new space in federal prisons to house immigrant detainees — more than 1,600 beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of a “current surge in illegal border crossings” and the Trump administration’s “zero-tolerance policy,” ICE entered into agreements with the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), the agency said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The use of BOP facilities is intended to be a temporary measure until ICE can obtain additional long-term contracts for new detention facilities or until the surge in illegal border crossings subsides,” ICE spokesperson Danielle Bennett said in a statement emailed to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A facility in Victorville will house the most detainees — 1,000 — while locations in Seattle; La Tuna, Texas; Sheridan, Ore.; and Phoenix will hold between 102 and 230 detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former ICE official under the Obama administration, Kevin Landy, called the move “highly unusual,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-prisons-exclusive/exclusive-u-s-immigration-authorities-sending-1600-detainees-to-federal-prisons-idUSKCN1J32W1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">telling Reuters that\u003c/a> a “large percent of ICE detainees have no criminal record and are more vulnerable in a prison setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/06/617750865/may-marks-another-increase-in-border-arrests-despite-trump-crackdown\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">released new figures\u003c/a> showing an increase in arrests of people attempting to cross the southern U.S. border illegally — almost 52,000 people were arrested in May, the agency said. That’s a sharp \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">increase from May 2017,\u003c/a> when that number was just under 20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/06/600435660/trump-administration-seeks-new-border-crackdown\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced a new “zero-tolerance”\u003c/a> policy in April, saying the government would prosecute anyone attempting to enter the country unlawfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions also said last month that the government would \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/07/609225537/sessions-says-zero-tolerance-for-illegal-border-crossers-vows-to-divide-families\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">separate migrant parents\u003c/a> from their children, leading to an outcry among immigrant advocates after at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/01/616257822/immigration-rights-activists-protest-trump-administration-child-separation-polic\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">600 children were separated\u003c/a> from their parents in one month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t like that, then don’t smuggle children over our border,” Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, a federal judge allowed a lawsuit against the Trump administration’s separation policy to proceed, saying, “Such conduct, if true, is brutal, offensive, and fails to comport with traditional notions of fair play and decency,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/07/617928318/judge-says-yes-to-lawsuit-challenging-trump-administration-family-separation-pol\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">as NPR’s Joel Rose reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Obama administration, immigrants who were arrested “without serious criminal records were allowed to await their court dates while living in the United States,” Reuters notes. “Others were housed in immigration detention facilities or local jails.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security and the Justice Department released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2018/06/07/departments-justice-and-homeland-security-release-quarterly-alien-incarceration\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">report Thursday\u003c/a> saying that 57,820 “known or suspected aliens” were in the custody of the DOJ at the end of the first quarter of the 2018 fiscal year. The Bureau of Prisons is a part of the DOJ. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=ICE+To+Send+1%2C600+Detainees+To+Federal+Prisons&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Houses Disappeared' When Tumbleweeds Rolled Into This California City",
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"content": "\u003cp>A strong breeze can toss around all sorts of detritus, but for residents of one California community on the edge of the Mojave Desert, where area gusts \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?new&wfo=sgx&sid=SGX&pil=PNS\">topped 50 mph\u003c/a> Monday, it was tumbleweeds at the whims of the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of tumbleweeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It looked like a war of tumbleweeds, like we were being invaded,\" Victorville resident Bryan Bagwell, 42, tells NPR. He says cleanup in Victorville, about an 85-mile drive from Los Angeles, was continuing Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of homes in his neighborhood, which borders an undeveloped tract of desert land, were seemingly swallowed up by mounds of the dry brush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bagwell says the buildup reached 7 feet high on his own property and that it took a laborer several hours with a pitchfork to move the tumbleweeds to the street for the city to pick up with a front loader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says he witnessed worse for some neighbors, whose \"front of houses disappeared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/DobisDaily/status/986320618629939200\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sue Jones, public information officer for the City of Victorville, tells NPR that about 100 homes in the neighborhood required help after having their entryways at least partially blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We responded all hands on deck to go out and assist them,\" Jones says, noting that typically it would be homeowners' responsibility to clean up private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Monday, several city divisions pitched in, including from the San Bernardino County Fire Department, to get rid of the tumbleweeds that Jones likens \"to Legos: They stick together, so they create a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wall that makes for easy kindling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw it as a safety hazard as well as potential fire hazard,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bagwell says that while Monday's incident was bad, it wasn't unique because for the past year and a half, tumbleweeds have been blowing into the neighborhood \"at least once a month.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have been allowed to proliferate on land nearby that is privately owned and undeveloped, Bagwell says. So whenever the wind kicks up, they become his and his neighbors' unwelcome guests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones says the city has reached out to the landowners \"to try to get them to abate the weeds and be more proactive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/tina_patel/status/986076306587578368\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nuisance to some, tumbleweed to others might evoke cinematic scenes of the American West. However, it actually comes from a plant called Russian thistle (although the term tumbleweed can also refer to a range of plants that dry up, break off and blow in the wind).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeds \u003ca href=\"https://www.usu.edu/weeds/plant_species/weedspecies/russianthis.html\">are thought\u003c/a> to have arrived in the U.S. via contaminated flaxseed from Russia in the 19th century. The plant took to its new home and then some, spreading fast across much of the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2013/12/the-weed-that-won-the-west/\">National Geographic reports\u003c/a> the invasive species is \"ubiquitous in the West,\" breaking off each winter when the plant dies and capable of spreading up to 250,000 seeds as it rolls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories about towns \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/video/tumbleweeds-bury-new-mexico-town/\">being buried in tumbleweeds\u003c/a> crop up from time to time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0925-tumbleweed-20140925-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reported on an infestation across Southern California, noting that it gets worse during dry periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bagwell, who has lived in Victorville since 2011, says it has gotten so bad that he has considered moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like having a rosebush get tossed in your yard,\" he says, minus the benefit of the blooms. He says prickly parts break off and \"get stuck in your shoes, they get on your carpet. ... It's just a nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Bagwell says it's just a matter of time before the next round rolls in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Houses+Disappeared%27+When+Tumbleweeds+Rolled+Into+This+California+City&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A resident of Victorville says tumbleweeds roll in whenever a strong wind kicks up but that this latest round felt \"like we were being invaded.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Sue Jones, public information officer for the City of Victorville, tells NPR that about 100 homes in the neighborhood required help after having their entryways at least partially blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We responded all hands on deck to go out and assist them,\" Jones says, noting that typically it would be homeowners' responsibility to clean up private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Monday, several city divisions pitched in, including from the San Bernardino County Fire Department, to get rid of the tumbleweeds that Jones likens \"to Legos: They stick together, so they create a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wall that makes for easy kindling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw it as a safety hazard as well as potential fire hazard,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bagwell says that while Monday's incident was bad, it wasn't unique because for the past year and a half, tumbleweeds have been blowing into the neighborhood \"at least once a month.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have been allowed to proliferate on land nearby that is privately owned and undeveloped, Bagwell says. So whenever the wind kicks up, they become his and his neighbors' unwelcome guests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones says the city has reached out to the landowners \"to try to get them to abate the weeds and be more proactive.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>A nuisance to some, tumbleweed to others might evoke cinematic scenes of the American West. However, it actually comes from a plant called Russian thistle (although the term tumbleweed can also refer to a range of plants that dry up, break off and blow in the wind).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeds \u003ca href=\"https://www.usu.edu/weeds/plant_species/weedspecies/russianthis.html\">are thought\u003c/a> to have arrived in the U.S. via contaminated flaxseed from Russia in the 19th century. The plant took to its new home and then some, spreading fast across much of the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2013/12/the-weed-that-won-the-west/\">National Geographic reports\u003c/a> the invasive species is \"ubiquitous in the West,\" breaking off each winter when the plant dies and capable of spreading up to 250,000 seeds as it rolls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories about towns \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/video/tumbleweeds-bury-new-mexico-town/\">being buried in tumbleweeds\u003c/a> crop up from time to time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0925-tumbleweed-20140925-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reported on an infestation across Southern California, noting that it gets worse during dry periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bagwell, who has lived in Victorville since 2011, says it has gotten so bad that he has considered moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like having a rosebush get tossed in your yard,\" he says, minus the benefit of the blooms. He says prickly parts break off and \"get stuck in your shoes, they get on your carpet. ... It's just a nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Bagwell says it's just a matter of time before the next round rolls in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Houses+Disappeared%27+When+Tumbleweeds+Rolled+Into+This+California+City&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "battery-blood-california-has-worse-lead-standards-than-arkansas-and-texas-why",
"title": "Battery Blood: California Has Worse Lead Standards Than Arkansas and Texas. Why?",
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"headTitle": "Battery Blood: California Has Worse Lead Standards Than Arkansas and Texas. Why? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This article from \u003ca href=\"https://capitalandmain.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Capital & Main\u003c/a> was produced as a project for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/event/2015-california-health-data-journalism-fellowship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Data Fellowship\u003c/a>, a program of the USC Annenberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n the summer of 2008, California’s Department of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) inspected Exide Technologies’ vehicle-battery recycling plant in Vernon, California, an industrial suburb of Los Angeles. The ensuing laboratory analysis of air from the plant’s smelter room, where batteries are melted down to reclaim their lead, revealed that levels of the neurotoxin exceeded federal standards by a factor of 13. Despite the toxic air, Cal/OSHA found no serious violations at Exide, issuing only a token fine of $150 for what it deemed a low-level violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked today about that inspection, Cal/OSHA spokesperson Erika Monterroza told Capital & Main that it was “handled appropriately,” adding that the high level of lead that smelter-room workers were exposed to would only have been excused if other safety measures, such as “protective clothing, onsite showers, clean change rooms, proper housekeeping, clean lunchrooms, medical surveillance, effective training and implementation of engineering and administration controls” were deemed effective in reducing “exposures to as low as feasible.” However, there is little to no evidence that Cal/OSHA’s 2008 inspection included the measures Monterroza cited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could California, perceived by many as the model state when it comes to tough environmental regulations, have fallen so short when it came to assessing lead-contamination dangers at the Vernon battery-recycling facility?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the answer stems from how the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) works in the Golden State. In 29 states, workers at private companies such as Exide are protected by federal OSHA, which is administered by the U.S. Department of Labor. In the remaining 21 states, including California, state-run OSHA programs protect workers employed by private industry. Even so, according to Monterroza, “Cal/OSHA’s program is required to be, and is, at least as effective as federal OSHA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>In California, communication about workers with high levels of lead in their blood was nearly nonexistent between Cal/OSHA and the Department of Public Health.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657101/battery-blood-how-california-health-agencies-failed-exide-workers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> found that when it comes to protecting workers from lead, California operates in a different universe from states with federal OSHA oversight. While workers were routinely being poisoned in Vernon, with nearly nonexistent intervention by Cal/OSHA, battery-recycling plants in federal OSHA states were facing inspections so robust they amounted to an existential threat to the plants. The message to these lead polluters seemed simple: either clean up your act or be fined out of business. A case in point: the same summer as Cal/OSHA’s 2008 Vernon inspection, another Exide battery-recycling plant, in Fort Smith, Arkansas, was hit with $71,000 in fines for having high levels of lead in its smelting department, and for other serious violations, including poorly fitted respirators. All told, inspectors found 22 “serious violations” at the Arkansas plant. A serious violation, an OSHA press release about the Fort Smith citations noted, is “one in which the hazard could cause death or serious physical harm to employees, and the employer knew or should have known about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after a 2012 inspection of a Johnson Controls battery plant in Ohio, federal OSHA issued 20 citations for “serious”and “willful” health violations, and issued $188,600 in fines. At yet another Exide facility, in Frisco, Texas, OSHA fined the plant $77,000 in 2011. That same year, Exide reached an agreement with Texas officials to pay $20 million for improvements to its engineering systems at the Frisco plant to cut down on lead emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Vernon, Cal/OSHA required no engineering changes that would impact levels of lead in the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OSHA is supposed to have workers’ backs,” said Rania Sabty-Daily, an expert in industrial hygiene and an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge. Sabty-Daily said Cal/OSHA completely failed to take into account a fundamental fact in its 2008 Exide inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11659130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-800x457.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-800x457.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-1020x583.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-960x548.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-240x137.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-375x214.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-520x297.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The records you dug up showed that lots of workers were being exposed to lead at levels high enough that their health was being compromised,” she said. “That should have led inspectors to seek out the safety problems causing the health problems. Any occupational hygienist knows that a real-world factory is imperfect — we can’t just rely on respirators, which are often not fitted properly. And there are other avenues for exposure. What happens when the worker takes off their boots? Are the shower facilities adequate?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making workplaces safer became a central OSHA focus in 2001, when the agency launched the National Emphasis Program on lead. This ambitious initiative sought to eliminate the conditions that had caused lead-related health issues in workers. The lead-reduction program was reinforced with even more stringent standards in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The directive legally mandates that when workers are found to have blood-lead levels above those considered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to represent a serious health risk (25 micrograms per deciliter or above), those cases “shall be considered high-gravity, serious and must be handled by inspection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it wasn’t just the 29 federal OSHA states that adopted the tough inspection standards. Nine states that have their own OSHA programs, including Indiana, Oregon and North Carolina, chose to adopt the same federal standards. For unexplained reasons, California did not adopt lead standards required by 38 other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere, others saw a profound improvement. “Without question it’s an absolutely essential program that I saw make a difference when it came to protecting workers from being exposed to lead,” Clyde Payne, who retired in 2014 as the area director of U.S. OSHA’s Jackson, Mississippi office, told Capital & Main\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“People were getting lead-poisoned in just a few months on the job. That tells you a lot about what conditions were like inside [Exide].”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While OSHA’s national directive remains largely intact today, President Donald Trump has made good on his promise to scale back all government regulations; OSHA’s current leadership has chipped away at the get-tough approach of the lead directive, changing its language to make some elements of the rules optional rather than mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Coordination with State Public Health Departments\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Battery recycling is considered one of the most potentially hazardous industries for workers. Consequently, plants are almost always required to test workers’ blood for lead at least a couple of times per year. Most states’ departments of health — including California’s — are legally required to maintain those blood-lead results in what are called “blood-lead registries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key component of the 2001 National Emphasis Program on lead is coordination with the custodians of blood-lead registries, the states’ individual public health departments. Scott Allen, a spokesperson for federal OSHA’s regional office in Illinois, underscored the importance of communication with state health departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Related to blood-lead levels, these medical referrals often come from health departments, medical providers or hospitals,” Allen stated in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Workers Became Lead-Poisoned at Exide in a Matter of Months\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]O[/dropcap]ur investigation found that in California, communication about workers with high levels of lead in their blood was nearly nonexistent between Cal/OSHA and CDPH, the two agencies responsible for keeping workers safe from lead hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 1994 and 2014, CDPH tracked over 2,300 cases of workers with blood-lead levels at or above 25 micrograms per deciliter at Exide’s Vernon plant; yet CDPH referred the Vernon plant for an inspection to Cal/OSHA just once, in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, there were health experts who saw warning signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11659131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"689\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024.png 689w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024-160x238.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024-240x357.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024-375x557.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024-520x773.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland-based Center for Environmental Health (CEH), which was concerned about airborne lead spreading from smokestacks at the Vernon plant to surrounding L.A. neighborhoods like Boyle Heights, filed a 2008 lawsuit to force the state to warn residents about lead that was known to be escaping the plant. “We also wanted to know what was going on inside the plant,” Caroline Cox, a CEH staff scientist, told Capital & Main. To figure that out, the nonprofit asked CDPH in 2009 for a year’s worth of blood-lead tests of Exide’s Vernon employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDPH provided Cox with this data for more than 152 workers. Most employees had several tests per year. “What I was most struck by were results from workers who clearly were brand-new employees,” Cox said. “These people started out like an average person — whose blood-lead level is around two micrograms per deciliter. After a few months on the job, [I saw that] in some cases these readings shot up to alarming levels. Essentially, people were getting lead-poisoned in just a few months on the job. That tells you a lot about what conditions were like inside, and you just worried that the workers perhaps had no idea what they were getting into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An Obscure Department Failed To Sound the Alarm\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (OLPPP) is a department within CDPH that tracks blood-lead levels and offers advice and expertise to companies to reduce lead-based health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“You have an organization receiving data about spikes in blood-lead levels. That should spur some sort of action. If that didn’t happen, why?”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Our investigation found that between 1994 and 1996, OLPPP managers were very concerned about the Vernon plant’s lead problem. For example, in 1995, OLPPP determined that, at what was then called GNB Technologies, “compliance plan and medical surveillance plan are seriously deficient; written respiratory protection program is confusing and inconsistent; GNB has no protocol for systematically reviewing BLL [blood-lead levels].” In 1996, OLPPP referred the case to Cal/OSHA for inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That 1996 referral inspection appears to be the last time the two agencies teamed up to limit worker exposure to lead at the Vernon site. CDPH remained aware of lead-exposed workers, yet appears not to have communicated concern or crucial data with the one agency that could levy fines or shut down the plant if it were deemed to be too hazardous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariano Kramer, a former Cal/OSHA district manager who was in charge of the 1996 inspection, said he was troubled to learn that CDPH did not continue to refer information about lead-poisoned workers to Cal/OSHA. “What concerns me is that you have an organization [CDPH] receiving data about spikes in blood-lead levels. That should spur some sort of action or reporting. If that didn’t happen, I’m wondering, Why? What’s the point of medical surveillance if you don’t use it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDPH declined repeated requests for interviews and declined to answer specific questions by email for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being provided with documents obtained by Capital & Main and the University of Southern California’s Center for Health Journalism program, Assemblyman Ash Kalra (D-San Jose) wants to change the system that California has been operating under, to make it correspond to the federal lead directive. Last month, based on our research, Kalra introduced Assembly Bill 2963, which would require the “State Department of Public Health to report to the Division of Occupational Safety and Health any instance where a worker’s blood-lead level is at or above a certain amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/lists/21898204/Battery-Blood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the documents related to this case.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joe Rubin wrote this story while participating in the California Data Fellowship, a program of USC’s Center for Health Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Battery recycling is considered one of the most potentially hazardous industries. Yet Vernon’s Exide workers were routinely being poisoned with nearly nonexistent intervention by Cal/OSHA.",
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"title": "Battery Blood: California Has Worse Lead Standards Than Arkansas and Texas. Why? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This article from \u003ca href=\"https://capitalandmain.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Capital & Main\u003c/a> was produced as a project for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/event/2015-california-health-data-journalism-fellowship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Data Fellowship\u003c/a>, a program of the USC Annenberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n the summer of 2008, California’s Department of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) inspected Exide Technologies’ vehicle-battery recycling plant in Vernon, California, an industrial suburb of Los Angeles. The ensuing laboratory analysis of air from the plant’s smelter room, where batteries are melted down to reclaim their lead, revealed that levels of the neurotoxin exceeded federal standards by a factor of 13. Despite the toxic air, Cal/OSHA found no serious violations at Exide, issuing only a token fine of $150 for what it deemed a low-level violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked today about that inspection, Cal/OSHA spokesperson Erika Monterroza told Capital & Main that it was “handled appropriately,” adding that the high level of lead that smelter-room workers were exposed to would only have been excused if other safety measures, such as “protective clothing, onsite showers, clean change rooms, proper housekeeping, clean lunchrooms, medical surveillance, effective training and implementation of engineering and administration controls” were deemed effective in reducing “exposures to as low as feasible.” However, there is little to no evidence that Cal/OSHA’s 2008 inspection included the measures Monterroza cited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could California, perceived by many as the model state when it comes to tough environmental regulations, have fallen so short when it came to assessing lead-contamination dangers at the Vernon battery-recycling facility?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the answer stems from how the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) works in the Golden State. In 29 states, workers at private companies such as Exide are protected by federal OSHA, which is administered by the U.S. Department of Labor. In the remaining 21 states, including California, state-run OSHA programs protect workers employed by private industry. Even so, according to Monterroza, “Cal/OSHA’s program is required to be, and is, at least as effective as federal OSHA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>In California, communication about workers with high levels of lead in their blood was nearly nonexistent between Cal/OSHA and the Department of Public Health.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657101/battery-blood-how-california-health-agencies-failed-exide-workers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> found that when it comes to protecting workers from lead, California operates in a different universe from states with federal OSHA oversight. While workers were routinely being poisoned in Vernon, with nearly nonexistent intervention by Cal/OSHA, battery-recycling plants in federal OSHA states were facing inspections so robust they amounted to an existential threat to the plants. The message to these lead polluters seemed simple: either clean up your act or be fined out of business. A case in point: the same summer as Cal/OSHA’s 2008 Vernon inspection, another Exide battery-recycling plant, in Fort Smith, Arkansas, was hit with $71,000 in fines for having high levels of lead in its smelting department, and for other serious violations, including poorly fitted respirators. All told, inspectors found 22 “serious violations” at the Arkansas plant. A serious violation, an OSHA press release about the Fort Smith citations noted, is “one in which the hazard could cause death or serious physical harm to employees, and the employer knew or should have known about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after a 2012 inspection of a Johnson Controls battery plant in Ohio, federal OSHA issued 20 citations for “serious”and “willful” health violations, and issued $188,600 in fines. At yet another Exide facility, in Frisco, Texas, OSHA fined the plant $77,000 in 2011. That same year, Exide reached an agreement with Texas officials to pay $20 million for improvements to its engineering systems at the Frisco plant to cut down on lead emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Vernon, Cal/OSHA required no engineering changes that would impact levels of lead in the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OSHA is supposed to have workers’ backs,” said Rania Sabty-Daily, an expert in industrial hygiene and an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge. Sabty-Daily said Cal/OSHA completely failed to take into account a fundamental fact in its 2008 Exide inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11659130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-800x457.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-800x457.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-1020x583.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-960x548.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-240x137.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-375x214.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585-520x297.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Vernon-1024x585.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The records you dug up showed that lots of workers were being exposed to lead at levels high enough that their health was being compromised,” she said. “That should have led inspectors to seek out the safety problems causing the health problems. Any occupational hygienist knows that a real-world factory is imperfect — we can’t just rely on respirators, which are often not fitted properly. And there are other avenues for exposure. What happens when the worker takes off their boots? Are the shower facilities adequate?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making workplaces safer became a central OSHA focus in 2001, when the agency launched the National Emphasis Program on lead. This ambitious initiative sought to eliminate the conditions that had caused lead-related health issues in workers. The lead-reduction program was reinforced with even more stringent standards in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The directive legally mandates that when workers are found to have blood-lead levels above those considered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to represent a serious health risk (25 micrograms per deciliter or above), those cases “shall be considered high-gravity, serious and must be handled by inspection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it wasn’t just the 29 federal OSHA states that adopted the tough inspection standards. Nine states that have their own OSHA programs, including Indiana, Oregon and North Carolina, chose to adopt the same federal standards. For unexplained reasons, California did not adopt lead standards required by 38 other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere, others saw a profound improvement. “Without question it’s an absolutely essential program that I saw make a difference when it came to protecting workers from being exposed to lead,” Clyde Payne, who retired in 2014 as the area director of U.S. OSHA’s Jackson, Mississippi office, told Capital & Main\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“People were getting lead-poisoned in just a few months on the job. That tells you a lot about what conditions were like inside [Exide].”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While OSHA’s national directive remains largely intact today, President Donald Trump has made good on his promise to scale back all government regulations; OSHA’s current leadership has chipped away at the get-tough approach of the lead directive, changing its language to make some elements of the rules optional rather than mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Coordination with State Public Health Departments\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Battery recycling is considered one of the most potentially hazardous industries for workers. Consequently, plants are almost always required to test workers’ blood for lead at least a couple of times per year. Most states’ departments of health — including California’s — are legally required to maintain those blood-lead results in what are called “blood-lead registries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key component of the 2001 National Emphasis Program on lead is coordination with the custodians of blood-lead registries, the states’ individual public health departments. Scott Allen, a spokesperson for federal OSHA’s regional office in Illinois, underscored the importance of communication with state health departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Related to blood-lead levels, these medical referrals often come from health departments, medical providers or hospitals,” Allen stated in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Workers Became Lead-Poisoned at Exide in a Matter of Months\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">O\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ur investigation found that in California, communication about workers with high levels of lead in their blood was nearly nonexistent between Cal/OSHA and CDPH, the two agencies responsible for keeping workers safe from lead hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 1994 and 2014, CDPH tracked over 2,300 cases of workers with blood-lead levels at or above 25 micrograms per deciliter at Exide’s Vernon plant; yet CDPH referred the Vernon plant for an inspection to Cal/OSHA just once, in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, there were health experts who saw warning signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11659131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"689\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024.png 689w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024-160x238.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024-240x357.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024-375x557.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/factory-worker-final-lighter-689x1024-520x773.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland-based Center for Environmental Health (CEH), which was concerned about airborne lead spreading from smokestacks at the Vernon plant to surrounding L.A. neighborhoods like Boyle Heights, filed a 2008 lawsuit to force the state to warn residents about lead that was known to be escaping the plant. “We also wanted to know what was going on inside the plant,” Caroline Cox, a CEH staff scientist, told Capital & Main. To figure that out, the nonprofit asked CDPH in 2009 for a year’s worth of blood-lead tests of Exide’s Vernon employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDPH provided Cox with this data for more than 152 workers. Most employees had several tests per year. “What I was most struck by were results from workers who clearly were brand-new employees,” Cox said. “These people started out like an average person — whose blood-lead level is around two micrograms per deciliter. After a few months on the job, [I saw that] in some cases these readings shot up to alarming levels. Essentially, people were getting lead-poisoned in just a few months on the job. That tells you a lot about what conditions were like inside, and you just worried that the workers perhaps had no idea what they were getting into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An Obscure Department Failed To Sound the Alarm\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (OLPPP) is a department within CDPH that tracks blood-lead levels and offers advice and expertise to companies to reduce lead-based health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“You have an organization receiving data about spikes in blood-lead levels. That should spur some sort of action. If that didn’t happen, why?”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Our investigation found that between 1994 and 1996, OLPPP managers were very concerned about the Vernon plant’s lead problem. For example, in 1995, OLPPP determined that, at what was then called GNB Technologies, “compliance plan and medical surveillance plan are seriously deficient; written respiratory protection program is confusing and inconsistent; GNB has no protocol for systematically reviewing BLL [blood-lead levels].” In 1996, OLPPP referred the case to Cal/OSHA for inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That 1996 referral inspection appears to be the last time the two agencies teamed up to limit worker exposure to lead at the Vernon site. CDPH remained aware of lead-exposed workers, yet appears not to have communicated concern or crucial data with the one agency that could levy fines or shut down the plant if it were deemed to be too hazardous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariano Kramer, a former Cal/OSHA district manager who was in charge of the 1996 inspection, said he was troubled to learn that CDPH did not continue to refer information about lead-poisoned workers to Cal/OSHA. “What concerns me is that you have an organization [CDPH] receiving data about spikes in blood-lead levels. That should spur some sort of action or reporting. If that didn’t happen, I’m wondering, Why? What’s the point of medical surveillance if you don’t use it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDPH declined repeated requests for interviews and declined to answer specific questions by email for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being provided with documents obtained by Capital & Main and the University of Southern California’s Center for Health Journalism program, Assemblyman Ash Kalra (D-San Jose) wants to change the system that California has been operating under, to make it correspond to the federal lead directive. Last month, based on our research, Kalra introduced Assembly Bill 2963, which would require the “State Department of Public Health to report to the Division of Occupational Safety and Health any instance where a worker’s blood-lead level is at or above a certain amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/lists/21898204/Battery-Blood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the documents related to this case.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/10/25/499343598/volkswagen-agrees-to-14-7-billion-settlement-in-emissions-cheating-scandal\">the settlement\u003c/a> after it got caught cheating on its emissions tests, Volkswagen has bought back about 350,000 of its U.S. diesel vehicles. The automaker so far has spent more than $7.4 billion on the cars, according to court filings seen by \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-volkswagen-emissions-storage/vw-storing-around-300000-diesels-at-37-facilities-around-u-s-idUSKBN1H50GQ\">Reuters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where does VW put all those cars? Wherever it can find the space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The German automaker has 37 remote storage facilities across the U.S., and they’re not just parking lots. The sites include a former football stadium in the Detroit suburbs, an old paper mill in Minnesota and a giant patch of land in the California desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who own or lease one of the affected vehicles \u003ca href=\"https://www.vwcourtsettlement.com/en/2-0-models/\">can choose\u003c/a> to sell their cars back to VW, terminate their lease or have their car modified for improved emissions. Owners and lessees have \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/blog/2016/10/vw-buybacks-and-lease-terminations-begin\">until\u003c/a> Sept. 1 to submit a claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Thousands of Volkswagen cars await their fate in a California desert facility already well-known for storing old airplanes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658894\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/rtx5ezsf_slide-5d6ae1f83e08144f9d7578b0009746408bd47810-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands of Volkswagen cars await their fate in a California desert facility already well-known for storing old airplanes. \u003ccite>(Lucy Nicholson/Reuters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A court filing seen by Reuters said that through Dec. 31, “Volkswagen had reacquired 335,000 diesel vehicles, resold 13,000 and destroyed about 28,000 vehicles. As of the end of last year, VW was storing 294,000 vehicles around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California Logistics Airport in Victorville, Calif., is already well-known as an “aircraft boneyard” — a sort of desert purgatory for old airplanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/DOverview/status/897910327572013056\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now VW has made it a major place to store its diesel VWs and Audis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These vehicles are being stored on an interim basis and routinely maintained in a manner to ensure their long-term operability and quality, so that they may be returned to commerce or exported once U.S. regulators approve appropriate emissions modifications,” VW spokeswoman Jeannine Ginivan said in a statement to Reuters about the Victorville facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VW \u003ca href=\"http://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20170429/diesel-vws-land-in-134-acre-purgatory-at-southern-california-logistics-airport\">reportedly\u003c/a> leased 134 acres at the site. That is enough to hold 21,000 cars while the company decides their fate: whether to be fixed — or scrapped for parts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+300%2C000+Volkswagens+Are+Being+Stored+In+These+Massive+Auto+Boneyards&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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