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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists appointed by Gov. Gavin Newsom voted on Wednesday to put both cannabis smoke and THC — the psychoactive compound in marijuana — on the state's list of \"reproductive toxicants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel of scientists with the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) met in Sacramento to wrestle with the reliability and accuracy of dense research studies, and to consider whether to declare marijuana's potent, high-inducing chemical a health risk to pregnant women and require warnings for pot products legally sold in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveys have indicated that a rising number of mothers-to-be have turned to marijuana products for relief from morning sickness and headaches, though its effectiveness has not been backed by science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel's finding means THC will now join hundreds of other chemicals judged to cause cancer or birth defects that California requires to carry warning labels, such as arsenic and lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't expect to see developmental toxicity warnings for expectant mothers on cannabis just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a one-year grace period before any warnings are required, and several things could happen in that one-year period,\" said Sam Delson, deputy director of OEHHA. \"One, we can seek to determine a level of exposure that does not cause a significant health risk and therefore does not require warnings. We can also work to develop special warnings that address the unique characteristics of these substances and the specific health effects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel delved into numerous studies examining whether cannabis use during pregnancy can be linked to low birth weight, early deliveries, infant mortality or cognitive or other health problems with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They debated whether studies were sufficiently comprehensive and scientifically sound to make judgments about the effects of THC and pregnancy. Some studies didn't make clear how frequently a mother used cannabis during pregnancy or what products were being used. Others didn't account for instances when mothers were using marijuana and tobacco, and whether that could skew the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because some studies included only tests on animals, such as mice or rats, the panel discussed whether those results could be used to consider the effects on people. In other cases, studies relied on self-reporting by new mothers, putting the reliability of the information in doubt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannabis industry officials say too little sound research is available on THC to support the panel's move, and warn that it could make marijuana companies a target for lawsuits with unverified claims of injuries from pot use during pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That seems like an open-ended checkbook. How do we defend ourselves?\" said Los Angeles dispensary owner Jerred Kiloh, who heads the United Cannabis Business Association, an industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11644951 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Sauter-1180x919.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review was carried out under the umbrella of the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, better known as Proposition 65. It requires warning labels for chemicals judged as dangerous and allows residents, advocacy groups and attorneys to sue on behalf of the state and collect a portion of civil penalties for failure to provide warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1986 law has been credited with weeding out cancer-causing chemicals from products but also faulted for setting the stage for legal shakedowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers looking for a quick buck will say \"give us $10,000 or we are going to take you into a long court case,\" Kiloh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Cannabis Industry Association echoed that fear, noting that pot's standing as an illegal drug at the federal level has choked off research by government agencies. Those studies are needed to determine if THC poses health risks for pregnant women, the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Good policy and consumer protections are based on facts and data,” spokesman Josh Drayton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2009, California has listed marijuana smoke as being known to cause cancer, similar to tobacco smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. surgeon general warned in August that smoking marijuana is dangerous for pregnant women and their developing babies. Mainstream medicine advises against pot use in pregnancy because of studies suggesting it might cause premature birth, low birth weight or other health problems, but many of those studies were in animals or had findings that were open to dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Institute on Drug Abuse is paying for several studies on marijuana use during pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the California panel has declared pot a risk for pregnant women, it's not clear what the immediate impact will be on the state's legal pot industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presumably, packaging will need to be changed over time to carry warning labels for pregnant women. But such requirements would likely take additional steps by agencies that oversee marijuana regulation and packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even products containing CBD, a trendy ingredient extracted from marijuana or hemp, can contain trace amounts of THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press's Michael R. Blood, and KQED's Peter Jon Shuler and David Marks.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists appointed by Gov. Gavin Newsom voted on Wednesday to put both cannabis smoke and THC — the psychoactive compound in marijuana — on the state's list of \"reproductive toxicants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel of scientists with the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) met in Sacramento to wrestle with the reliability and accuracy of dense research studies, and to consider whether to declare marijuana's potent, high-inducing chemical a health risk to pregnant women and require warnings for pot products legally sold in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveys have indicated that a rising number of mothers-to-be have turned to marijuana products for relief from morning sickness and headaches, though its effectiveness has not been backed by science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel's finding means THC will now join hundreds of other chemicals judged to cause cancer or birth defects that California requires to carry warning labels, such as arsenic and lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't expect to see developmental toxicity warnings for expectant mothers on cannabis just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a one-year grace period before any warnings are required, and several things could happen in that one-year period,\" said Sam Delson, deputy director of OEHHA. \"One, we can seek to determine a level of exposure that does not cause a significant health risk and therefore does not require warnings. We can also work to develop special warnings that address the unique characteristics of these substances and the specific health effects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel delved into numerous studies examining whether cannabis use during pregnancy can be linked to low birth weight, early deliveries, infant mortality or cognitive or other health problems with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They debated whether studies were sufficiently comprehensive and scientifically sound to make judgments about the effects of THC and pregnancy. Some studies didn't make clear how frequently a mother used cannabis during pregnancy or what products were being used. Others didn't account for instances when mothers were using marijuana and tobacco, and whether that could skew the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because some studies included only tests on animals, such as mice or rats, the panel discussed whether those results could be used to consider the effects on people. In other cases, studies relied on self-reporting by new mothers, putting the reliability of the information in doubt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannabis industry officials say too little sound research is available on THC to support the panel's move, and warn that it could make marijuana companies a target for lawsuits with unverified claims of injuries from pot use during pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That seems like an open-ended checkbook. How do we defend ourselves?\" said Los Angeles dispensary owner Jerred Kiloh, who heads the United Cannabis Business Association, an industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review was carried out under the umbrella of the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, better known as Proposition 65. It requires warning labels for chemicals judged as dangerous and allows residents, advocacy groups and attorneys to sue on behalf of the state and collect a portion of civil penalties for failure to provide warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1986 law has been credited with weeding out cancer-causing chemicals from products but also faulted for setting the stage for legal shakedowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers looking for a quick buck will say \"give us $10,000 or we are going to take you into a long court case,\" Kiloh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Cannabis Industry Association echoed that fear, noting that pot's standing as an illegal drug at the federal level has choked off research by government agencies. Those studies are needed to determine if THC poses health risks for pregnant women, the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Good policy and consumer protections are based on facts and data,” spokesman Josh Drayton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2009, California has listed marijuana smoke as being known to cause cancer, similar to tobacco smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. surgeon general warned in August that smoking marijuana is dangerous for pregnant women and their developing babies. Mainstream medicine advises against pot use in pregnancy because of studies suggesting it might cause premature birth, low birth weight or other health problems, but many of those studies were in animals or had findings that were open to dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Institute on Drug Abuse is paying for several studies on marijuana use during pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the California panel has declared pot a risk for pregnant women, it's not clear what the immediate impact will be on the state's legal pot industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presumably, packaging will need to be changed over time to carry warning labels for pregnant women. But such requirements would likely take additional steps by agencies that oversee marijuana regulation and packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even products containing CBD, a trendy ingredient extracted from marijuana or hemp, can contain trace amounts of THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press's Michael R. Blood, and KQED's Peter Jon Shuler and David Marks.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s a widely known vaping cartridge in the marijuana economy, but it’s not a licensed brand. And it’s got the kind of market buzz no legitimate company would want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaping cartridges that go by the catchy, one-syllable name “Dank” — a slang word for highly potent cannabis — are figuring prominently in the federal investigation to determine what has caused a rash of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/51256e90d63a41af9b33f2682d641053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mysterious and sometimes fatal lung illnesses\u003c/a> apparently linked to vaping. Most of the cases have involved products that contain the marijuana compound THC, often obtained from illegal sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Allison Margolin, cannabis attorney\"]‘It doesn’t look very different from what you can buy in a [legal] dispensary.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suspect Dank vapes are a familiar product in the underground marijuana economy — it’s not a legal, tested brand. It’s merely a name on a box or a cartridge, packaging that’s easily obtained online and used by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/5817cb09f1b941878013e19e27990fc2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">illicit producers to lure customers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with colorful boxes and names like Cherry Kush and Blue Dream, the homemade vapes appear alluring on the shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t look very different from what you can buy in a [legal] dispensary,” said Beverly Hills-based cannabis attorney Allison Margolin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, investigators have not identified a culprit in the illnesses reported in dozens of states. But officials say patients have mentioned the Dank name frequently. Many of the people who got sick in Illinois and Wisconsin, for example, said they used cartridges sold in Dank packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The raw materials to produce a Dank vape aren’t hard to find: Ready-to-fill Dank boxes and cartridges can be ordered from Chinese internet sites for pennies apiece. A Craigslist post last week offered a box stuffed with empty Dank packages for $16. And you can buy the boxes and empty cartridges in shops in downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rogue producer adds cannabis oil — almost certainly untested — and it’s ready for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a generic product name that doesn’t really tie back to one store or one distributor,” Dr. Jennifer Layden, chief medical officer for the Illinois Department of Public Health, said last month. “Folks are getting it from friends or folks on the street, with no understanding of where it came from prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief selling point for vapes in Dank packaging: It’s a quick high on the cheap, available for as little as $20 a gram on the illicit market, roughly one-third of what a customer would pay for a cartridge in a legal marijuana shop in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they come with real risk: Products in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/Marijuana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal marijuana market\u003c/a> are tested for safety and purity, while those in the illicit market are not, and could contain pesticides, heavy metals or other dangerous contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to California records, no licensed company in the state is manufacturing a cannabis vape carrying the Dank name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was never a legitimate company,” said Los Angeles dispensary owner Donnie Anderson. “It was always an underground brand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the shadowy pedigree of Dank vapes, it’s not surprising that details about the product’s history are scarce. In California, the Dank name appears to have emerged during the largely unregulated medical cannabis era, prior to broad legalization that began in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dispensary owner Jerred Kiloh, who heads the Los Angeles-based \u003ca href=\"https://ucba.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Cannabis Business Association\u003c/a>, recalls seeing Dank vapes for the first time about seven years ago. Kiloh remembers being visited by vendors interested in selling them at his shop, though that stopped long ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What remains is the name, which has managed to retain a surprising cachet in the underground industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Wisconsin authorities uncovered an illegal vaping-cartridge operation that they said was producing thousands of cartridges, each loaded with THC oil, every day for nearly two years. Photographs released by the Kenosha County Sheriff’s Department showed neatly stacked Dank boxes and cartridges, apparently ready for shipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also last month, Minnesota authorities seized nearly 77,000 THC vaping cartridges, some of which were packaged in Dank boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more vaping stories\" tag=\"vaping\"]In November 2018, authorities in Lorain County, Ohio, intercepted four packages mailed from California holding individually wrapped and sealed packages of Dank cartridges. They believed numerous similar packages were sent to the area previously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands, with common packaging that is easily available online and that is used by distributors to market THC-containing cartridges with no obvious centralized production or distribution,” said a report by Illinois and Wisconsin officials, and from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the vaping-related illnesses resemble an inhalation injury. Symptoms have included shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, diarrhea and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Gershoni, co-founder of vape producer Jetty Extracts, who sits on the board of the California Cannabis Manufacturers Association, said the strictly regulated legal industry has been working to distinguish itself from the underground market that continues to thrive in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company doesn’t view Dank vapes as a competitor, but he understands how the name has survived in the illegal market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They “essentially sell empty packaging, and anyone can fill it,” he said. “It’s a business model that made sense [to] anybody who wanted to make a buck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a widely known vaping cartridge in the marijuana economy, but it’s not a licensed brand. And it’s got the kind of market buzz no legitimate company would want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaping cartridges that go by the catchy, one-syllable name “Dank” — a slang word for highly potent cannabis — are figuring prominently in the federal investigation to determine what has caused a rash of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/51256e90d63a41af9b33f2682d641053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mysterious and sometimes fatal lung illnesses\u003c/a> apparently linked to vaping. Most of the cases have involved products that contain the marijuana compound THC, often obtained from illegal sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suspect Dank vapes are a familiar product in the underground marijuana economy — it’s not a legal, tested brand. It’s merely a name on a box or a cartridge, packaging that’s easily obtained online and used by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/5817cb09f1b941878013e19e27990fc2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">illicit producers to lure customers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with colorful boxes and names like Cherry Kush and Blue Dream, the homemade vapes appear alluring on the shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t look very different from what you can buy in a [legal] dispensary,” said Beverly Hills-based cannabis attorney Allison Margolin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, investigators have not identified a culprit in the illnesses reported in dozens of states. But officials say patients have mentioned the Dank name frequently. Many of the people who got sick in Illinois and Wisconsin, for example, said they used cartridges sold in Dank packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The raw materials to produce a Dank vape aren’t hard to find: Ready-to-fill Dank boxes and cartridges can be ordered from Chinese internet sites for pennies apiece. A Craigslist post last week offered a box stuffed with empty Dank packages for $16. And you can buy the boxes and empty cartridges in shops in downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rogue producer adds cannabis oil — almost certainly untested — and it’s ready for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a generic product name that doesn’t really tie back to one store or one distributor,” Dr. Jennifer Layden, chief medical officer for the Illinois Department of Public Health, said last month. “Folks are getting it from friends or folks on the street, with no understanding of where it came from prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief selling point for vapes in Dank packaging: It’s a quick high on the cheap, available for as little as $20 a gram on the illicit market, roughly one-third of what a customer would pay for a cartridge in a legal marijuana shop in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they come with real risk: Products in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/Marijuana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal marijuana market\u003c/a> are tested for safety and purity, while those in the illicit market are not, and could contain pesticides, heavy metals or other dangerous contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to California records, no licensed company in the state is manufacturing a cannabis vape carrying the Dank name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was never a legitimate company,” said Los Angeles dispensary owner Donnie Anderson. “It was always an underground brand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the shadowy pedigree of Dank vapes, it’s not surprising that details about the product’s history are scarce. In California, the Dank name appears to have emerged during the largely unregulated medical cannabis era, prior to broad legalization that began in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dispensary owner Jerred Kiloh, who heads the Los Angeles-based \u003ca href=\"https://ucba.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Cannabis Business Association\u003c/a>, recalls seeing Dank vapes for the first time about seven years ago. Kiloh remembers being visited by vendors interested in selling them at his shop, though that stopped long ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What remains is the name, which has managed to retain a surprising cachet in the underground industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Wisconsin authorities uncovered an illegal vaping-cartridge operation that they said was producing thousands of cartridges, each loaded with THC oil, every day for nearly two years. Photographs released by the Kenosha County Sheriff’s Department showed neatly stacked Dank boxes and cartridges, apparently ready for shipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also last month, Minnesota authorities seized nearly 77,000 THC vaping cartridges, some of which were packaged in Dank boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In November 2018, authorities in Lorain County, Ohio, intercepted four packages mailed from California holding individually wrapped and sealed packages of Dank cartridges. They believed numerous similar packages were sent to the area previously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands, with common packaging that is easily available online and that is used by distributors to market THC-containing cartridges with no obvious centralized production or distribution,” said a report by Illinois and Wisconsin officials, and from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the vaping-related illnesses resemble an inhalation injury. Symptoms have included shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, diarrhea and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Gershoni, co-founder of vape producer Jetty Extracts, who sits on the board of the California Cannabis Manufacturers Association, said the strictly regulated legal industry has been working to distinguish itself from the underground market that continues to thrive in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company doesn’t view Dank vapes as a competitor, but he understands how the name has survived in the illegal market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They “essentially sell empty packaging, and anyone can fill it,” he said. “It’s a business model that made sense [to] anybody who wanted to make a buck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The mystery of the outbreak of vaping-related lung illnesses is still not solved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But investigators in Illinois and Wisconsin have found some clues, they announced Friday in a press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in these two states conducted detailed interviews with 86 patients — mostly young men — and 66% said they had vaped THC products labeled as Dank Vapes. THC is the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are Dank Vapes and how could they be fueling the outbreak?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands, with common packaging that is easily available online and that is used by distributors to market THC-containing cartridges,” said a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6839e2.htm?s_cid=mm6839e2_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from state investigators published Friday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has been warning since the outbreak began about the risks of buying products “off the street,” and Friday’s update highlighted the risks of the black market. Sometimes young consumers don’t even realize that they’re buying unregulated or illicit products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“THC-based products were most often acquired from informal sources such as down the street from friends or from a dealer,” said Jennifer Layden of the Illinois Department of Public Health at the press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the country, law enforcement is trying to crack down on black market dealers. In Wisconsin earlier this month, two brothers were \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/US/wisconsin-brothers-accused-running-illegal-thc-vape-cartridge/story?id=65558903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrested\u003c/a> for allegedly running a large THC vape ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this week, police in Waynesboro, Va., arrested three men and recovered more than 1,000 vape cartridges that were labeled as containing a 90% THC oil mixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re labeled Dank Vapes,” Capt. Mike Martin of the Waynesboro Police Department says. “They appear commercially packaged, and there are a variety of different flavors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mixture appears as “a standard-looking brownish oil. … It has the consistency of … maybe, like a motor oil,” Martin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen a haul like this,” Martin says. He estimates they recovered about $35,000 worth of vaping product. “They were selling these [on] the street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One difficultly in unraveling this outbreak is that many of the patients around the country who have gotten sick acknowledge using both THC and nicotine vaping products and have used a wide variety of brands and products. In fact, the 86 patients in Wisconsin and Illinois reported using 234 different products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, investigators now seem more focused on the role THC may be playing in this outbreak, since the majority of the people who have become ill around the country reported using THC or both THC and nicotine, according to a CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6839e1.htm?s_cid=mm6839e1_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> published Friday. And the CDC updated its warning against vaping to emphasize the risk of THC products: “CDC recommends people consider refraining from using e-cigarette, or vaping, products, particularly those containing THC,” the CDC’s Anne Schuchat said during a telebriefing Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who are unsuspecting, black market products like Dank Vapes can be deceptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes sounds like a cool name, it sounds like a cool product and it looks like legitimate packaging,” says Jeffrey Kahn, who operates a medical marijuana dispensary in Washington, D.C. But, he says, unlike the regulated products he sells, you don’t necessarily know what’s in black market products. “If one or two or hundreds of people are unscrupulously filling them with dangerous material, then people could suffer,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Many+Vaping+Illnesses+Linked+To+Black+Market+%27Dank+Vapes%27+Or+Other+THC+Products&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The mystery of the outbreak of vaping-related lung illnesses is still not solved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But investigators in Illinois and Wisconsin have found some clues, they announced Friday in a press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in these two states conducted detailed interviews with 86 patients — mostly young men — and 66% said they had vaped THC products labeled as Dank Vapes. THC is the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are Dank Vapes and how could they be fueling the outbreak?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands, with common packaging that is easily available online and that is used by distributors to market THC-containing cartridges,” said a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6839e2.htm?s_cid=mm6839e2_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from state investigators published Friday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has been warning since the outbreak began about the risks of buying products “off the street,” and Friday’s update highlighted the risks of the black market. Sometimes young consumers don’t even realize that they’re buying unregulated or illicit products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“THC-based products were most often acquired from informal sources such as down the street from friends or from a dealer,” said Jennifer Layden of the Illinois Department of Public Health at the press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the country, law enforcement is trying to crack down on black market dealers. In Wisconsin earlier this month, two brothers were \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/US/wisconsin-brothers-accused-running-illegal-thc-vape-cartridge/story?id=65558903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrested\u003c/a> for allegedly running a large THC vape ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this week, police in Waynesboro, Va., arrested three men and recovered more than 1,000 vape cartridges that were labeled as containing a 90% THC oil mixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re labeled Dank Vapes,” Capt. Mike Martin of the Waynesboro Police Department says. “They appear commercially packaged, and there are a variety of different flavors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mixture appears as “a standard-looking brownish oil. … It has the consistency of … maybe, like a motor oil,” Martin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen a haul like this,” Martin says. He estimates they recovered about $35,000 worth of vaping product. “They were selling these [on] the street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One difficultly in unraveling this outbreak is that many of the patients around the country who have gotten sick acknowledge using both THC and nicotine vaping products and have used a wide variety of brands and products. In fact, the 86 patients in Wisconsin and Illinois reported using 234 different products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, investigators now seem more focused on the role THC may be playing in this outbreak, since the majority of the people who have become ill around the country reported using THC or both THC and nicotine, according to a CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6839e1.htm?s_cid=mm6839e1_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> published Friday. And the CDC updated its warning against vaping to emphasize the risk of THC products: “CDC recommends people consider refraining from using e-cigarette, or vaping, products, particularly those containing THC,” the CDC’s Anne Schuchat said during a telebriefing Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who are unsuspecting, black market products like Dank Vapes can be deceptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes sounds like a cool name, it sounds like a cool product and it looks like legitimate packaging,” says Jeffrey Kahn, who operates a medical marijuana dispensary in Washington, D.C. But, he says, unlike the regulated products he sells, you don’t necessarily know what’s in black market products. “If one or two or hundreds of people are unscrupulously filling them with dangerous material, then people could suffer,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Many+Vaping+Illnesses+Linked+To+Black+Market+%27Dank+Vapes%27+Or+Other+THC+Products&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "CDC Says Number Of Possible Cases Of Vaping-Related Lung Illness Has Doubled",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated on Friday at 8:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Friday that the number of possible cases of severe respiratory illnesses among people who vaped nicotine or cannabis-related products has more than doubled, to 450 in 33 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although more investigation is needed to determine the vaping agent or agents responsible, there is clearly an epidemic that begs for an urgent response,” David Christiani of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health writes in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1912032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial \u003c/a>published Friday in \u003cem>The New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a media briefing Friday, the CDC suggested people should avoid using e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While this investigation is ongoing, people should consider not using e-cigarette products,” says Dr. Dana Meaney-Delman, incident manager of the CDC’s response to the vaping-related lung injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who do use e-cigarette products should monitor themselves for symptoms, for example, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea and vomiting — and promptly seek medical attention for any health concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last month, the CDC said the number of reported vaping-related cases stood at 215. Five people have died — in Illinois, Oregon, Indiana, Minnesota and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='vaping' label='More Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, though not all, of the patients who have fallen ill had used cannabis-derived vaping products, and some also used nicotine-containing products. A smaller group reported using nicotine only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No infectious causes have been identified, and the CDC told reporters that the “lung illnesses are likely associated with a chemical exposure.” But it is too early to pinpoint a single product or substance that is common to all cases, the CDC said, based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1911614?query=recirc_curatedRelated_article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preliminary research\u003c/a> also published Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those studies, officials in Illinois and Wisconsin detailed 53 cases they’ve investigated, 28 in Wisconsin and 25 in Illinois. They described the vaping history of 41 patients where complete information was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 80% of those patients had used products containing THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, and 61% used nicotine products. Some 7% used cannabidiol, or CBD, products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the patients were male, with an average age of 19, and all were previously healthy. They were sick for several days prior to being hospitalized, with respiratory symptoms being most common, followed by fever, fatigue, weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some of these cases, officials said, patients either used only THC products or only nicotine. Patients reported using 14 different brands of THC products and 13 brands of nicotine products in a wide range of flavors. It’s possible patients did not accurately report which kinds of products they had vaped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is because no single product or substance has been definitively tied to the respiratory illnesses, the CDC said, that people should consider not using e-cigarettes, particularly those purchased from sources other than authorized retailers, such as dispensaries in states where the drug is legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult smokers who vape nicotine in order to quit smoking should consult with their health care provider and use proven treatments, the CDC says, not e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, New York state health officials said lab tests found vitamin E acetate in a number of cannabis-containing vaping cartridges submitted by people who fell ill and that it is now a “key focus” of their investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitch Zeller, director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, said in Friday’s briefing that the agency now had 120 samples of e-cigarettes available for testing and that “no one substance or compound, including vitamin E acetate, has been identified in all the samples tested.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeller said the FDA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vaping-illnesses-consumers-can-help-protect-themselves-by-avoiding-tetrahydrocannabinol-thc-containing-vaping-products-300913542.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analyzing samples\u003c/a> for a broad range of substances, including nicotine, THC and other cannabinoids, along with cutting agents, diluents, additives, pesticides, opioids, poisons and toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these increasing reports,” Zeller said, “if you’re thinking of purchasing one of these products off the street, out of the back of a car, out of a trunk, in an alley — or if you are then going to go home and make modifications to the product yourself using something that you purchased from some third party or got from a friend — think twice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+Says+Number+Of+Possible+Cases+Of+Vaping-Related+Lung+Illness+Has+Doubled&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated on Friday at 8:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Friday that the number of possible cases of severe respiratory illnesses among people who vaped nicotine or cannabis-related products has more than doubled, to 450 in 33 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although more investigation is needed to determine the vaping agent or agents responsible, there is clearly an epidemic that begs for an urgent response,” David Christiani of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health writes in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1912032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial \u003c/a>published Friday in \u003cem>The New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a media briefing Friday, the CDC suggested people should avoid using e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While this investigation is ongoing, people should consider not using e-cigarette products,” says Dr. Dana Meaney-Delman, incident manager of the CDC’s response to the vaping-related lung injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who do use e-cigarette products should monitor themselves for symptoms, for example, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea and vomiting — and promptly seek medical attention for any health concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last month, the CDC said the number of reported vaping-related cases stood at 215. Five people have died — in Illinois, Oregon, Indiana, Minnesota and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, though not all, of the patients who have fallen ill had used cannabis-derived vaping products, and some also used nicotine-containing products. A smaller group reported using nicotine only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No infectious causes have been identified, and the CDC told reporters that the “lung illnesses are likely associated with a chemical exposure.” But it is too early to pinpoint a single product or substance that is common to all cases, the CDC said, based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1911614?query=recirc_curatedRelated_article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preliminary research\u003c/a> also published Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those studies, officials in Illinois and Wisconsin detailed 53 cases they’ve investigated, 28 in Wisconsin and 25 in Illinois. They described the vaping history of 41 patients where complete information was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 80% of those patients had used products containing THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, and 61% used nicotine products. Some 7% used cannabidiol, or CBD, products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the patients were male, with an average age of 19, and all were previously healthy. They were sick for several days prior to being hospitalized, with respiratory symptoms being most common, followed by fever, fatigue, weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some of these cases, officials said, patients either used only THC products or only nicotine. Patients reported using 14 different brands of THC products and 13 brands of nicotine products in a wide range of flavors. It’s possible patients did not accurately report which kinds of products they had vaped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is because no single product or substance has been definitively tied to the respiratory illnesses, the CDC said, that people should consider not using e-cigarettes, particularly those purchased from sources other than authorized retailers, such as dispensaries in states where the drug is legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult smokers who vape nicotine in order to quit smoking should consult with their health care provider and use proven treatments, the CDC says, not e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, New York state health officials said lab tests found vitamin E acetate in a number of cannabis-containing vaping cartridges submitted by people who fell ill and that it is now a “key focus” of their investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitch Zeller, director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, said in Friday’s briefing that the agency now had 120 samples of e-cigarettes available for testing and that “no one substance or compound, including vitamin E acetate, has been identified in all the samples tested.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeller said the FDA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vaping-illnesses-consumers-can-help-protect-themselves-by-avoiding-tetrahydrocannabinol-thc-containing-vaping-products-300913542.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analyzing samples\u003c/a> for a broad range of substances, including nicotine, THC and other cannabinoids, along with cutting agents, diluents, additives, pesticides, opioids, poisons and toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these increasing reports,” Zeller said, “if you’re thinking of purchasing one of these products off the street, out of the back of a car, out of a trunk, in an alley — or if you are then going to go home and make modifications to the product yourself using something that you purchased from some third party or got from a friend — think twice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+Says+Number+Of+Possible+Cases+Of+Vaping-Related+Lung+Illness+Has+Doubled&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Unveil Weed Breathalyzer, Launching Debate Over Next Steps",
"title": "Scientists Unveil Weed Breathalyzer, Launching Debate Over Next Steps",
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"content": "\u003cp>The alcohol Breathalyzer came to life slowly, over the course of decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the 1930s through the 1960s, scientists, lawmakers, police and the public quarreled over the veracity of the numbers spit out by the device, the appropriate legal limit for drivers and whether they could trust a \u003ca href=\"https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/drunk-driving-and-the-pre-history-of-breathalyzers-1474504117\">machine over a cop's testimony\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the same debate is playing out over cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As 33 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis in some form, Breathalyzer-type devices that could theoretically aid police enforcement have \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/weed-breathalyzers-are-on-the-way/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">begun appearing\u003c/a> in various stages of development. But legal experts and scientists say there's a long way to go before those devices can actually detect a driver's impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Alexander Star, University of Pittsburgh\"]'If we have a suitable industrial partner, then the device by itself would be quite ready in a few months.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh announced the latest tool to detect THC — delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component in cannabis — in breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university's Star Lab, led by Alexander Star, began developing the box-shaped device in 2016, amid a wave of cannabis legalization across the United States. Star, a chemistry professor, partnered with Ervin Sejdic, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the same university, to build the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device uses carbon nanotubes, which are 1/100,000 the size of human hair, to recognize the presence of THC, even when other substances are in the breath, such as alcohol. The THC molecule binds to the surface of the tubes, altering their electrical properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nanotechnology sensors can detect THC at levels comparable to or better than mass spectrometry, which is considered the gold standard for THC detection,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.engineering.pitt.edu/News/2019/Star-THC-Breathalyzer/\">the news release\u003c/a> from the university's Swanson School of Engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the device is nearly ready for mass production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1684px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567720806580.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11772415 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1684\" height=\"1094\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678.jpg 1684w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-1020x663.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-1200x780.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1684px) 100vw, 1684px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Pittsburgh researchers developed a prototype device that can measure the amount of THC in a person's breath. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of Pittsburgh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If we have a suitable industrial partner,\" Star told \u003cem>Here & Now'\u003c/em>s Jeremy Hobson, \"then the device by itself would be quite ready in a few months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remaining steps, he says, include testing the prototype and correlating the device's output to the driver's level of impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With alcohol, you can figure out impairment by measuring the amount of alcohol in someone's blood, which you can determine from a Breathalyzer using the \"blood to breath\" — or \"partition\" — ratio. Make that translation from breath to blood to brain, and you can get a relatively accurate sense of how drunk someone is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So when it comes to these marijuana breath tests, that's the million-dollar question right now,\" says Chris Halsor, a Denver lawyer who focuses on issues around legal cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a ratio that links the amount of THC in someone's breath to the amount in the person's blood — and then to exactly how stoned that person is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, says Sejdic. The correlation \"is basically missing, from a scientific point of view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejdic and Star have figured out how to set a threshold on their device to detect only a certain amount of THC, which they say will help avoid flagging cannabis use from several days prior. But without a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between that amount and the driver's level of impairment, the device may not be particularly useful to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that hurdle, there's the legal question of what level is safe for driving, which may be hard to answer. It took American courts several decades to settle on today's blood-alcohol concentration limit of 0.08%. States have already set \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.ghsa.org_sites_default_files_2019-2D04_marijuanalaws-5Fapr2019-5F0.pdf&d=DwMF-g&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=la2dQ1CjYh8_S5hqCXFrCN9q6fGEVmllKII03V5OuXk&m=kuUTA4q1MKTuKFftc030Z40bz067W9zu6TNorAnhKEY&s=wh3bMKXSlY4D4i2mVF-HGhNgzP_wVeA-bm_hPZqRBFM&e=\">various legal guidelines\u003c/a>, though some scientists argue that none of them are backed by hard science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halsor, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/30/523004450/scientists-still-seek-a-reliable-dui-test-for-marijuana\">taught police about marijuana DUIs for years\u003c/a>, says some officers whom he works with are hesitant about the devices. They worry that a cop with less training might use one as a crutch \"instead of actually evaluating the individuals and looking at how they're performing physically, mentally and cognitively,\" Halsor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He advocates for a more hands-on approach: training officers to understand and detect marijuana usage without blood or breath tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not to say that five years from now we won't have some great device,\" Halsor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, for now, to say that he's skeptical would be an understatement. And he says he's especially concerned about a lack of human testing as a result of federal regulations around cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related stories\" tag=\"cannabis\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Star and Sejdic understand that challenge. They say it took six months to even get started on their research because they had to get permission from the Drug Enforcement Administration to work with THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a kind of both ethical and legal issue,\" Sejdic says. \"Given that the marijuana is still a Schedule I substance, it's difficult to actually carry out any research related to this substance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The breakthroughs that would make this kind of device effective might happen first in Canada, Halsor says. The country's decision to legalize cannabis last year \"now opens the door to research being able to be conducted unencumbered,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the University of Pittsburgh researchers are hopeful that the U.S. might get the ball rolling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there will be some push even for the federal government to actually allow researchers to look and correlate these levels of smoking and impairment,\" Sejdic says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the government and the legal system catch up, they say, creating an accurate Breathalyzer-type device itself is the first step toward enforcing those \"Drive High, Get A DUI\" roadside signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Unveil+Weed+Breathalyzer%2C+Launching+Debate+Over+Next+Steps&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed the latest tool to detect THC — the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis — in a person's breath.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The alcohol Breathalyzer came to life slowly, over the course of decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the 1930s through the 1960s, scientists, lawmakers, police and the public quarreled over the veracity of the numbers spit out by the device, the appropriate legal limit for drivers and whether they could trust a \u003ca href=\"https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/drunk-driving-and-the-pre-history-of-breathalyzers-1474504117\">machine over a cop's testimony\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the same debate is playing out over cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As 33 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis in some form, Breathalyzer-type devices that could theoretically aid police enforcement have \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/weed-breathalyzers-are-on-the-way/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">begun appearing\u003c/a> in various stages of development. But legal experts and scientists say there's a long way to go before those devices can actually detect a driver's impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh announced the latest tool to detect THC — delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component in cannabis — in breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university's Star Lab, led by Alexander Star, began developing the box-shaped device in 2016, amid a wave of cannabis legalization across the United States. Star, a chemistry professor, partnered with Ervin Sejdic, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the same university, to build the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device uses carbon nanotubes, which are 1/100,000 the size of human hair, to recognize the presence of THC, even when other substances are in the breath, such as alcohol. The THC molecule binds to the surface of the tubes, altering their electrical properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nanotechnology sensors can detect THC at levels comparable to or better than mass spectrometry, which is considered the gold standard for THC detection,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.engineering.pitt.edu/News/2019/Star-THC-Breathalyzer/\">the news release\u003c/a> from the university's Swanson School of Engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the device is nearly ready for mass production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1684px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567720806580.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11772415 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1684\" height=\"1094\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678.jpg 1684w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-1020x663.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-1200x780.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1684px) 100vw, 1684px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Pittsburgh researchers developed a prototype device that can measure the amount of THC in a person's breath. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of Pittsburgh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If we have a suitable industrial partner,\" Star told \u003cem>Here & Now'\u003c/em>s Jeremy Hobson, \"then the device by itself would be quite ready in a few months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remaining steps, he says, include testing the prototype and correlating the device's output to the driver's level of impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With alcohol, you can figure out impairment by measuring the amount of alcohol in someone's blood, which you can determine from a Breathalyzer using the \"blood to breath\" — or \"partition\" — ratio. Make that translation from breath to blood to brain, and you can get a relatively accurate sense of how drunk someone is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So when it comes to these marijuana breath tests, that's the million-dollar question right now,\" says Chris Halsor, a Denver lawyer who focuses on issues around legal cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a ratio that links the amount of THC in someone's breath to the amount in the person's blood — and then to exactly how stoned that person is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, says Sejdic. The correlation \"is basically missing, from a scientific point of view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejdic and Star have figured out how to set a threshold on their device to detect only a certain amount of THC, which they say will help avoid flagging cannabis use from several days prior. But without a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between that amount and the driver's level of impairment, the device may not be particularly useful to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that hurdle, there's the legal question of what level is safe for driving, which may be hard to answer. It took American courts several decades to settle on today's blood-alcohol concentration limit of 0.08%. States have already set \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.ghsa.org_sites_default_files_2019-2D04_marijuanalaws-5Fapr2019-5F0.pdf&d=DwMF-g&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=la2dQ1CjYh8_S5hqCXFrCN9q6fGEVmllKII03V5OuXk&m=kuUTA4q1MKTuKFftc030Z40bz067W9zu6TNorAnhKEY&s=wh3bMKXSlY4D4i2mVF-HGhNgzP_wVeA-bm_hPZqRBFM&e=\">various legal guidelines\u003c/a>, though some scientists argue that none of them are backed by hard science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halsor, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/30/523004450/scientists-still-seek-a-reliable-dui-test-for-marijuana\">taught police about marijuana DUIs for years\u003c/a>, says some officers whom he works with are hesitant about the devices. They worry that a cop with less training might use one as a crutch \"instead of actually evaluating the individuals and looking at how they're performing physically, mentally and cognitively,\" Halsor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He advocates for a more hands-on approach: training officers to understand and detect marijuana usage without blood or breath tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not to say that five years from now we won't have some great device,\" Halsor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, for now, to say that he's skeptical would be an understatement. And he says he's especially concerned about a lack of human testing as a result of federal regulations around cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Star and Sejdic understand that challenge. They say it took six months to even get started on their research because they had to get permission from the Drug Enforcement Administration to work with THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a kind of both ethical and legal issue,\" Sejdic says. \"Given that the marijuana is still a Schedule I substance, it's difficult to actually carry out any research related to this substance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The breakthroughs that would make this kind of device effective might happen first in Canada, Halsor says. The country's decision to legalize cannabis last year \"now opens the door to research being able to be conducted unencumbered,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the University of Pittsburgh researchers are hopeful that the U.S. might get the ball rolling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there will be some push even for the federal government to actually allow researchers to look and correlate these levels of smoking and impairment,\" Sejdic says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the government and the legal system catch up, they say, creating an accurate Breathalyzer-type device itself is the first step toward enforcing those \"Drive High, Get A DUI\" roadside signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Unveil+Weed+Breathalyzer%2C+Launching+Debate+Over+Next+Steps&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "dispute-over-rules-riles-californias-legal-pot-market",
"title": "Dispute Over Rules Riles California's Legal Pot Market",
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"headTitle": "Dispute Over Rules Riles California’s Legal Pot Market | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>California has finalized its rules governing the nation’s largest legal marijuana market, a milestone coming more than a year after the state broadly legalized cannabis sales for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a dispute over home deliveries into communities that ban pot sales could end up in court. The hundreds of pages of dense regulations are unlikely to resolve other disputes, including how purity and potency tests are conducted for infused cookies and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if imperfect, the rules were welcomed by many in the industry, who have been contending with shifting temporary regulations since California kicked off broad legal sales last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715305/californias-year-of-legal-pot-a-mix-of-gains-growing-pains\">California’s Year of Legal Pot a Mix of Gains, Growing Pains\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715305/californias-year-of-legal-pot-a-mix-of-gains-growing-pains\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS21423_161007_greendoor_bhs07-qut-1180x774.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Love it or hate it, California has regulations for commercial cannabis,” said Hezekiah Allen, chair of cannabis growing cooperative Emerald Grown and former executive director of the California Growers Association, an industry group. “There are no asterisks.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the regulations that deal with the minutia of running a legal pot business do not address other broad challenges in the industry, from a lack of banking access for pot companies that will likely need to be resolved in Washington to what to do about a thriving illicit market that is undercutting legal sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do these solve every problem that exists in the cannabis business regulatory regime? Absolutely not,” said Assemblyman Rob Bonta, a Democrat from Oakland who said the rules nonetheless create a strong foundation for a market that has gotten off to a shaky start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far the biggest dispute focused on deliveries. The rules released last week will allow home marijuana deliveries statewide, even into communities that have banned commercial pot sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation by the state Bureau of Cannabis Control was opposed by police chiefs and other critics who predict it will create an unruly market of largely hidden pot transactions, while undercutting control by cities and counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The League of California Cities said the rule conflicts with Proposition 64, the law approved by voters in 2016 that opened the way for broad legal sales, which says local governments have the authority to ban nonmedical pot businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision puts the public safety needs of communities across the state at risk,” league executive director Carolyn Coleman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cannabis companies and consumers had pushed for the change, since vast stretches of the state have communities that banned commercial pot activity or not set up rules to allow legal sales. That means residents in those areas were effectively cut off from legal marijuana purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public spoke loud and clear in favor of statewide delivery,” cannabis bureau spokesman Alex Traverso said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta said he supports statewide deliveries for medical patients, regardless of local bans, but not recreational users. He suggested legislation may be needed to deal with the dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny Morrison, president of the California Cannabis Manufacturers Association, said California failed to examine the experience in other states, which in turn has created costly problems for California companies with labeling and testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry officials have complained that the state rules force growers and manufacturers to hit too tiny a target when gauging levels of THC, the psychoactive chemical that causes marijuana’s high, in products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rules require the THC concentration come within 10 percent of what is advertised on a product label. Company executives say some products are being rejected after landing outside the margin by small amounts, and that hitting that required range is even more difficult with low-dose products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado allows a more sensible 15-percent range, Morrison said. He said the state also should be mirroring rules set by the federal government, which could eventually oversee the national pot market. Marijuana remains illegal at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody cares more about the quality of the product than the manufacturer,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruben Honig, executive director of Los Angeles-based United Cannabis Business Association, said the state’s biggest challenges remain cutting hefty tax rates that can approach 50 percent in some communities and cracking down on widespread illegal sales.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Dispute Over Rules Riles California's Legal Pot Market | KQED",
"description": "A dispute in California over home deliveries of cannabis into communities that ban pot sales could end up in court.",
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"headline": "Dispute Over Rules Riles California's Legal Pot Market",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has finalized its rules governing the nation’s largest legal marijuana market, a milestone coming more than a year after the state broadly legalized cannabis sales for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a dispute over home deliveries into communities that ban pot sales could end up in court. The hundreds of pages of dense regulations are unlikely to resolve other disputes, including how purity and potency tests are conducted for infused cookies and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if imperfect, the rules were welcomed by many in the industry, who have been contending with shifting temporary regulations since California kicked off broad legal sales last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715305/californias-year-of-legal-pot-a-mix-of-gains-growing-pains\">California’s Year of Legal Pot a Mix of Gains, Growing Pains\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715305/californias-year-of-legal-pot-a-mix-of-gains-growing-pains\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS21423_161007_greendoor_bhs07-qut-1180x774.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Love it or hate it, California has regulations for commercial cannabis,” said Hezekiah Allen, chair of cannabis growing cooperative Emerald Grown and former executive director of the California Growers Association, an industry group. “There are no asterisks.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the regulations that deal with the minutia of running a legal pot business do not address other broad challenges in the industry, from a lack of banking access for pot companies that will likely need to be resolved in Washington to what to do about a thriving illicit market that is undercutting legal sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do these solve every problem that exists in the cannabis business regulatory regime? Absolutely not,” said Assemblyman Rob Bonta, a Democrat from Oakland who said the rules nonetheless create a strong foundation for a market that has gotten off to a shaky start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far the biggest dispute focused on deliveries. The rules released last week will allow home marijuana deliveries statewide, even into communities that have banned commercial pot sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation by the state Bureau of Cannabis Control was opposed by police chiefs and other critics who predict it will create an unruly market of largely hidden pot transactions, while undercutting control by cities and counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The League of California Cities said the rule conflicts with Proposition 64, the law approved by voters in 2016 that opened the way for broad legal sales, which says local governments have the authority to ban nonmedical pot businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision puts the public safety needs of communities across the state at risk,” league executive director Carolyn Coleman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cannabis companies and consumers had pushed for the change, since vast stretches of the state have communities that banned commercial pot activity or not set up rules to allow legal sales. That means residents in those areas were effectively cut off from legal marijuana purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public spoke loud and clear in favor of statewide delivery,” cannabis bureau spokesman Alex Traverso said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta said he supports statewide deliveries for medical patients, regardless of local bans, but not recreational users. He suggested legislation may be needed to deal with the dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny Morrison, president of the California Cannabis Manufacturers Association, said California failed to examine the experience in other states, which in turn has created costly problems for California companies with labeling and testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry officials have complained that the state rules force growers and manufacturers to hit too tiny a target when gauging levels of THC, the psychoactive chemical that causes marijuana’s high, in products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rules require the THC concentration come within 10 percent of what is advertised on a product label. Company executives say some products are being rejected after landing outside the margin by small amounts, and that hitting that required range is even more difficult with low-dose products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado allows a more sensible 15-percent range, Morrison said. He said the state also should be mirroring rules set by the federal government, which could eventually oversee the national pot market. Marijuana remains illegal at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody cares more about the quality of the product than the manufacturer,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruben Honig, executive director of Los Angeles-based United Cannabis Business Association, said the state’s biggest challenges remain cutting hefty tax rates that can approach 50 percent in some communities and cracking down on widespread illegal sales.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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