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"content": "\u003cp>With just weeks to go before the Tournament of Roses Parade, the noise level — and stress level — were rising at a warehouse in the foothill town of Sierra Madre, just north of Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I woke up and I was like, in panic mode,” florist and longtime Sierra Madre Rose Float Association volunteer Ann McKenzie said. “(From now) until Jan. 2nd, our world is totally absorbed. We’re in a float-driven world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKenzie is part of the small, core group of year-round volunteer float builders. As lead florist and project coordinator, her job is arguably one of the most important: overseeing the float’s overall floral design and purchasing all of the flowers that will carpet its massive 53-foot long frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this afternoon, amid a din of welding torches, electric saws and booming classic rock music, McKenzie and other volunteers haggled over those design ideas, crunching the numbers on flower purchases and crunching peanut shells for use on the float.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068256\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3025-scaled-e1766436157234.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068256\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3025-scaled-e1766436157234.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the middle of the wide float deck sits a life-sized, replica firetruck built from scrap wood and metal. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of the more than three dozen floats covered in flowers that’ll be rolling through the city of Pasadena on New Years Day, only five are built by community groups like Sierra Madre. They’ve been building floats for the parade for 108 years, and this year’s theme is special: the float celebrates first responders and the role they played in protecting Sierra Madre from January’s deadly Eaton Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The theme this year is the magic in teamwork and that encapsulates exactly what we are, because we are volunteer run and donation driven,” said the association’s social media chief, and volunteer coordinator Hannah Jungbauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are one of the towns that lost houses during the Eaton Canyon fire, and this is a nod and homage to the brave people that helped put out those fires,” Jungbauer said, adding that the crew is walking a fine line between whimsy and respectful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, the float was still just a raw skeleton of steel rebar, wire meshing and wood framing. But by early December, playfully surreal imagery began to emerge.[aside postID=news_12043312 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/CLAIRE-SCHWARTZ-L-AND-NINA-RAJ-WITH-A-CHILD_S-DRAWING-RECOVERED-BY-RAJ-AFTER-THE-EATON-FIRE-KQED-1020x765.jpg']On one end of the float, there’s a 9-foot maple syrup bottle with a firehose attached to the top. On the other end, a butter dish the size of a Mini Cooper and a 9-foot stack of pancakes. McKenzie said the faux flapjacks will be sprayed in a flowered shower of faux pancake syrup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it’s pouring out, it becomes floral and it becomes chocolate roses, coffee break roses and different types of mum [flowers]‘s and it’s just kind of flowing over the side,” McKenzie explained. “It’s going to be really beautiful syrup, it’s going to be a lot!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of the wide float deck sits a life-sized, replica firetruck built from scrap wood and metal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody knows the firehouse pancake breakfast and it’s always a positive fun event,” lead builder Kurt Kulhavy said. We were able to acknowledge our firefighters [with this design] and do it in a very positive and fun way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also going to be completely dismantled shortly after the float’s big day on New Year’s morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell people it’s the biggest piñata you’ll ever build, that] needs to last for a day,” Kulhavy said. “We tear it down every year! The Rose Parade is the Olympics of float building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the only parts not scrapped or sold off each year are the float’s engine and chassis. This year’s version is also a bit more ambitious in size and scope than in years past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068258\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_2881-scaled-e1766436574141.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_2881-scaled-e1766436574141.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068258\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vision for the final product of Sierra Madre’s Rose Parade Float. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jungbauer says that means more flowers, more flax seeds and other organic materials used to cover and colorize the float. Everything parade watchers see on New Year’s Day should be edible, otherwise you’ll get dinged by Rose Committee judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can see it on a float, you can eat it. If it’s not a fresh floral, you can eat it,” explained Jungbauer. “It will be sushi paper for eyeballs, rice with a nice pearlescent to emulate plastic, or it will be silver leaf that we’re cutting up to show chrome. Everything must be 100% covered in organic material, be it dried or alive,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump administration tariffs leading to spikes in the cost of rose float building essentials like flowers and steel, that’s led to some creative short-cutting. Sierra Madre often trades flowers, scrap wood or other materials with the handful of DIY, volunteer-driven float builders, like the nearby communities of South Pasadena and La Cañada-Flintridge, none of whom have corporate funding or sponsorships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some organizations have endowments that fund them, some have city funding, we don’t have any of that,” Kulhavy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said commercially built Rose Parade floats probably cost around $400,000. He’s heard of other makers scraping pennies together to complete a build for around $120,000.[aside postID=news_12033286 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/20250312_Stay-Behinds_JB_00010-1020x680.jpg']“We do ours for like $50,000. And so, you use building techniques which are very efficient, (but) still have to hold up,” Kulhavy explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[We] still have to get through the parade, still have to pass all the safety inspections. We get very lean on our materials to make it hold up well, but no extra,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Kulhavy’s trusted mechanics is Justin Roberts. At 19 years old, Roberts is already a float building veteran. His grandparents, who were also volunteer float builders, brought him to the Sierra Madre warehouse as a toddler. Soon enough, he began doing odd jobs like sweeping up the warehouse. This year he’s not only helping build the float from the bottom up, he’s also the co-driver on parade day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts says he’s grown accustomed to working on the float through New Year’s Eve and into the wee hours of New Year’s Day, until it’s nearly time to embark on the 5-mile Rose Parade route. Then he’d go home, catch a few hours of shuteye, and watch the parade on TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen it in person,” Roberts said. “It’s going to be awesome. You see the crowd along Colorado Boulevard, you know, a lot of people come from far away to see the Rose Parade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And given the theme of Sierra Madre’s float this year, Roberts is an inspired choice to take the wheel as co-driver. He’s studying to become a California wildland firefighter, and hopes to begin his career next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As New Year’s Day approaches, volunteers race to complete a unique float showing gratitude to Los Angeles’s first responders.\r\n",
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"title": "Sierra Madre, Flourishing After Eaton Fire, Thanks Firefighters With Rose Parade Float | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With just weeks to go before the Tournament of Roses Parade, the noise level — and stress level — were rising at a warehouse in the foothill town of Sierra Madre, just north of Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I woke up and I was like, in panic mode,” florist and longtime Sierra Madre Rose Float Association volunteer Ann McKenzie said. “(From now) until Jan. 2nd, our world is totally absorbed. We’re in a float-driven world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKenzie is part of the small, core group of year-round volunteer float builders. As lead florist and project coordinator, her job is arguably one of the most important: overseeing the float’s overall floral design and purchasing all of the flowers that will carpet its massive 53-foot long frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this afternoon, amid a din of welding torches, electric saws and booming classic rock music, McKenzie and other volunteers haggled over those design ideas, crunching the numbers on flower purchases and crunching peanut shells for use on the float.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068256\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3025-scaled-e1766436157234.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068256\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3025-scaled-e1766436157234.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the middle of the wide float deck sits a life-sized, replica firetruck built from scrap wood and metal. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of the more than three dozen floats covered in flowers that’ll be rolling through the city of Pasadena on New Years Day, only five are built by community groups like Sierra Madre. They’ve been building floats for the parade for 108 years, and this year’s theme is special: the float celebrates first responders and the role they played in protecting Sierra Madre from January’s deadly Eaton Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The theme this year is the magic in teamwork and that encapsulates exactly what we are, because we are volunteer run and donation driven,” said the association’s social media chief, and volunteer coordinator Hannah Jungbauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are one of the towns that lost houses during the Eaton Canyon fire, and this is a nod and homage to the brave people that helped put out those fires,” Jungbauer said, adding that the crew is walking a fine line between whimsy and respectful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, the float was still just a raw skeleton of steel rebar, wire meshing and wood framing. But by early December, playfully surreal imagery began to emerge.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On one end of the float, there’s a 9-foot maple syrup bottle with a firehose attached to the top. On the other end, a butter dish the size of a Mini Cooper and a 9-foot stack of pancakes. McKenzie said the faux flapjacks will be sprayed in a flowered shower of faux pancake syrup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it’s pouring out, it becomes floral and it becomes chocolate roses, coffee break roses and different types of mum [flowers]‘s and it’s just kind of flowing over the side,” McKenzie explained. “It’s going to be really beautiful syrup, it’s going to be a lot!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of the wide float deck sits a life-sized, replica firetruck built from scrap wood and metal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody knows the firehouse pancake breakfast and it’s always a positive fun event,” lead builder Kurt Kulhavy said. We were able to acknowledge our firefighters [with this design] and do it in a very positive and fun way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also going to be completely dismantled shortly after the float’s big day on New Year’s morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell people it’s the biggest piñata you’ll ever build, that] needs to last for a day,” Kulhavy said. “We tear it down every year! The Rose Parade is the Olympics of float building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the only parts not scrapped or sold off each year are the float’s engine and chassis. This year’s version is also a bit more ambitious in size and scope than in years past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068258\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_2881-scaled-e1766436574141.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_2881-scaled-e1766436574141.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068258\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vision for the final product of Sierra Madre’s Rose Parade Float. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jungbauer says that means more flowers, more flax seeds and other organic materials used to cover and colorize the float. Everything parade watchers see on New Year’s Day should be edible, otherwise you’ll get dinged by Rose Committee judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can see it on a float, you can eat it. If it’s not a fresh floral, you can eat it,” explained Jungbauer. “It will be sushi paper for eyeballs, rice with a nice pearlescent to emulate plastic, or it will be silver leaf that we’re cutting up to show chrome. Everything must be 100% covered in organic material, be it dried or alive,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump administration tariffs leading to spikes in the cost of rose float building essentials like flowers and steel, that’s led to some creative short-cutting. Sierra Madre often trades flowers, scrap wood or other materials with the handful of DIY, volunteer-driven float builders, like the nearby communities of South Pasadena and La Cañada-Flintridge, none of whom have corporate funding or sponsorships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some organizations have endowments that fund them, some have city funding, we don’t have any of that,” Kulhavy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said commercially built Rose Parade floats probably cost around $400,000. He’s heard of other makers scraping pennies together to complete a build for around $120,000.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We do ours for like $50,000. And so, you use building techniques which are very efficient, (but) still have to hold up,” Kulhavy explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[We] still have to get through the parade, still have to pass all the safety inspections. We get very lean on our materials to make it hold up well, but no extra,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Kulhavy’s trusted mechanics is Justin Roberts. At 19 years old, Roberts is already a float building veteran. His grandparents, who were also volunteer float builders, brought him to the Sierra Madre warehouse as a toddler. Soon enough, he began doing odd jobs like sweeping up the warehouse. This year he’s not only helping build the float from the bottom up, he’s also the co-driver on parade day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts says he’s grown accustomed to working on the float through New Year’s Eve and into the wee hours of New Year’s Day, until it’s nearly time to embark on the 5-mile Rose Parade route. Then he’d go home, catch a few hours of shuteye, and watch the parade on TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen it in person,” Roberts said. “It’s going to be awesome. You see the crowd along Colorado Boulevard, you know, a lot of people come from far away to see the Rose Parade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And given the theme of Sierra Madre’s float this year, Roberts is an inspired choice to take the wheel as co-driver. He’s studying to become a California wildland firefighter, and hopes to begin his career next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "fearing-ice-californias-immigrant-seniors-retreat-from-social-and-health-services",
"title": "Fearing ICE, California’s Immigrant Seniors Retreat From Social and Health Services",
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"content": "\u003cp>When patients started cancelling appointments out of fear that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a> might arrest them on the street, St. John’s Community Health in Los Angeles adapted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinic began sending nurse practitioners, like Gabriella Oloye, to patients’ homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It felt like I was in a movie,” Oloye said. “Like I was meeting patients in secrecy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the months passed, the home visitation program became more familiar to staff, who packed a van with fresh food and hygiene supplies to deliver through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjch.org/grocery-assistance\">clinic’s\u003c/a> Healthcare Without Fear program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oloye estimates 40% of her patients are over age 50 and often behind on screenings like mammograms or colonoscopies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One patient in his 50’s with a chronic condition was too scared to leave home, even for a walk or to go to work. “I can’t even go out to the park,” he told her. “This is no way to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066615\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066615\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shashi Dalal, 88, originally from Mumbai, India, center, eats a free lunch at Centro Latino de San Francisco, a civic center serving seniors and those with disabilities in San Francisco on Aug. 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matthew Busch/The Investigative Reporting Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another patient waited too long to seek help for cellulitis in an infected toe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That could mean losing limbs or appendages,” Oloye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since President Donald Trump took office, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has deported over 527,000 people, with another 1.5 million who have self-deported, according to a recent announcement by the agency. And one of the administration’s first \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/01/21/statement-dhs-spokesperson-directives-expanding-law-enforcement-and-ending-abuse\">orders\u003c/a> was to rescind a Biden-era rule that protected “sensitive locations” — places of worship, schools, hospitals and clinics — from immigration operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates who coordinate care for immigrant patients have reported seeing this hesitancy to access healthcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had over a thousand cases a few years ago,” said Laszlo Maderas, the chief medical officer of the Migrant Clinicians Network. “Now, we’re down to a few dozen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-americans-think-about-trumps-deportations-right-now\">polling\u003c/a> conducted by NPR with PBS and Marist, support for these mass deportations is split across party lines; a majority of polled Republicans believe these policies are making the country safer.[aside postID=news_12067803 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/MigrantDayKQED.jpg']But health care and service providers in California who work with immigrants said they are concerned about the toll the Trump administration’s immigration policy is having on their patients — many of whom are avoiding medical treatment and social programs because they fear immigration arrests or raids. Clinicians and social workers said they are particularly concerned for older immigrants and those with chronic conditions, for whom routine medical care is more critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For older patients, often dealing with cancer or chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, avoiding care can mean greater severity for someone already holding more disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While telehealth offers an alternative to a routine appointment, services like lab tests and vaccines require in-person visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That fear will outweigh the need to actually get care,” Wang said. “That’s the real human impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Alameda County did not provide data tracking the relation between immigrants avoiding care and adverse health outcomes, research suggests the two are correlated: \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/briefs/mitigating-health-impacts-exclusionary-immigration-policies-evidence-review\">studies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4074451/\">literature reviews\u003c/a> show that fear of detainment leads to exacerbated stress and reluctance to obtain health services amongst both undocumented and legal migrant populations. Wang speculated that missed care may have already contributed to premature deaths, noting chronic disease — prevalent in older populations — is the leading cause of death in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t pay attention to it,” Wang warned, “you’re going to die early from something totally preventable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff at the Mission Neighborhood Centers’ Health Aging and Disability Program in San Francisco said that patient fears have led to a noticeable drop in attendance. The center is located at the corner of 19th and Capp Street in the Mission District,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906012/latinos-in-la-mision-a-story-of-resistance-and-community\"> the heart of San Francisco’s Latino community\u003c/a>, which has attracted generations of immigrant families and more recent migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066618\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Arena, 82, left, and Amalia Quintanilla, 80, right, play bingo at Mission Neighborhood Center, a civic center serving seniors in San Francisco on Aug. 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matthew Busch/The Investigative Reporting Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fear for themselves or undocumented family and friends, combined with rumors, has pushed many into isolation. Claudia Perez-Vaughan, who leads senior activities for the program, said the current situation reminds her of what many seniors were forced to endure during the COVID-19 lockdown. \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2821456\">Studies\u003c/a> have shown a correlation between isolation and increased risk of mortality, dementia, and disability in older results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have this community center that is their second house, their second home,” she said. “We are like a family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The atmosphere has changed recently. Some seniors have limited their visits to once a month, said Cinthia Torres, the community services coordinator. Others come only for to-go meals. A few have disappeared entirely. She remembers clients who used to drop by to say hello or play bingo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t come anymore,” Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José Sequaira, 77, and a naturalized citizen, still comes to the center for community activities like bingo, but it isn’t without trepidation. He’s upset by stories of people being ambushed by ICE officers and deported after building lives here. “I’m afraid because people with power, they treat them like nothing,” he said. “I don’t have any power, and how are they going to treat me?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seniors play bingo at the Mission Neighborhood Center, a civic center serving seniors in San Francisco, on Aug. 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matthew Busch/The Investigative Reporting Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Much of the fear stems from language barriers, Torres noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s say someone stops them and asks them something. They’re afraid they won’t be able to answer, and they’re going to be taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres reminds clients that Mission Neighborhood Centers isn’t a sanctuary, but staff will do everything they can to protect them — “even if we have to sleep here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizenship can offer some protection against the threat. Jake Simons, associate director and naturalization program manager at Centro Latino de San Francisco, said there’s a push among clients to enroll in classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalization class enrollment applications have jumped from 250 to 400 in the past year at Centro Latino, a community center for older adults and people with disabilities. It’s normal to be nervous before citizenship exams, Simons said. Now he’s seeing students break down crying during one-on-one conversations with him, others are being prescribed anxiety medication. A few ask staff to accompany them to their citizenship exams, a service the center doesn’t officially offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They think going through this process, something bad is going to happen to them when in reality it should be a positive thing,” Simons said.[aside postID=news_12067566 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240408-FCIDublin-017-BL_qut-1-1020x680.jpg']Julio Sifuentes, 67, who attends the naturalization classes, said a friend had a heart attack brought on by fear and stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man, undocumented, was rushed to the ER and now won’t leave his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was scared,” Sifuentes said. “I also thought it could happen to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond medical appointments and social activities, some seniors are also choosing not to apply or recertify for CalFresh food benefits or Medi-Cal health insurance, said Centro Latino social worker Veronica Lacayo. She said the seniors worry that their information could be accessed by ICE — which had\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/ice-access-medicaid-data/\"> access \u003c/a>to Medicaid data before being \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/use-medicaid-data-ice-blocked-20-states\">blocked\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of [their] well-being is food, it’s medical assistance. If they won’t get those services, it’s devastating,” Lacayo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centro Latino distributes hot meals, often drawing long lines. Now, it’s not unusual for clients to ask to wait indoors, afraid of being seen by immigration agents, Lacayo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others hide at home. Meal-delivery drivers have reported seniors not answering their doors. When Lacayo calls to follow up with clients, they tell her they thought ICE was knocking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For most, it’s the only meal they get all day,” she said. Now, she instructs drivers to loudly say “la comida,” announcing the meal, and to identify themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some clients have asked Lacayo for virtual programming, she said, and she urges them to return in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this situation is really challenging,” she said. “Encourage them how, when they feel fear?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hussain Khan is a reporter and Matthew Busch is a photographer with the Investigative Reporting Program at the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://journalism.berkeley.edu/\">\u003cem>UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. They covered this story through a grant from \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thescanfoundation.org/\">\u003cem>The SCAN Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Experts in the Bay Area and Los Angeles report that older patients and social service clients are staying home to avoid rampant immigration enforcement. ",
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"title": "Fearing ICE, California’s Immigrant Seniors Retreat From Social and Health Services | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When patients started cancelling appointments out of fear that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a> might arrest them on the street, St. John’s Community Health in Los Angeles adapted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinic began sending nurse practitioners, like Gabriella Oloye, to patients’ homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It felt like I was in a movie,” Oloye said. “Like I was meeting patients in secrecy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the months passed, the home visitation program became more familiar to staff, who packed a van with fresh food and hygiene supplies to deliver through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjch.org/grocery-assistance\">clinic’s\u003c/a> Healthcare Without Fear program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oloye estimates 40% of her patients are over age 50 and often behind on screenings like mammograms or colonoscopies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One patient in his 50’s with a chronic condition was too scared to leave home, even for a walk or to go to work. “I can’t even go out to the park,” he told her. “This is no way to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066615\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066615\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-03-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shashi Dalal, 88, originally from Mumbai, India, center, eats a free lunch at Centro Latino de San Francisco, a civic center serving seniors and those with disabilities in San Francisco on Aug. 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matthew Busch/The Investigative Reporting Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another patient waited too long to seek help for cellulitis in an infected toe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That could mean losing limbs or appendages,” Oloye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since President Donald Trump took office, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has deported over 527,000 people, with another 1.5 million who have self-deported, according to a recent announcement by the agency. And one of the administration’s first \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/01/21/statement-dhs-spokesperson-directives-expanding-law-enforcement-and-ending-abuse\">orders\u003c/a> was to rescind a Biden-era rule that protected “sensitive locations” — places of worship, schools, hospitals and clinics — from immigration operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates who coordinate care for immigrant patients have reported seeing this hesitancy to access healthcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had over a thousand cases a few years ago,” said Laszlo Maderas, the chief medical officer of the Migrant Clinicians Network. “Now, we’re down to a few dozen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-americans-think-about-trumps-deportations-right-now\">polling\u003c/a> conducted by NPR with PBS and Marist, support for these mass deportations is split across party lines; a majority of polled Republicans believe these policies are making the country safer.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But health care and service providers in California who work with immigrants said they are concerned about the toll the Trump administration’s immigration policy is having on their patients — many of whom are avoiding medical treatment and social programs because they fear immigration arrests or raids. Clinicians and social workers said they are particularly concerned for older immigrants and those with chronic conditions, for whom routine medical care is more critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For older patients, often dealing with cancer or chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, avoiding care can mean greater severity for someone already holding more disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While telehealth offers an alternative to a routine appointment, services like lab tests and vaccines require in-person visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That fear will outweigh the need to actually get care,” Wang said. “That’s the real human impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Alameda County did not provide data tracking the relation between immigrants avoiding care and adverse health outcomes, research suggests the two are correlated: \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/briefs/mitigating-health-impacts-exclusionary-immigration-policies-evidence-review\">studies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4074451/\">literature reviews\u003c/a> show that fear of detainment leads to exacerbated stress and reluctance to obtain health services amongst both undocumented and legal migrant populations. Wang speculated that missed care may have already contributed to premature deaths, noting chronic disease — prevalent in older populations — is the leading cause of death in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t pay attention to it,” Wang warned, “you’re going to die early from something totally preventable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff at the Mission Neighborhood Centers’ Health Aging and Disability Program in San Francisco said that patient fears have led to a noticeable drop in attendance. The center is located at the corner of 19th and Capp Street in the Mission District,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906012/latinos-in-la-mision-a-story-of-resistance-and-community\"> the heart of San Francisco’s Latino community\u003c/a>, which has attracted generations of immigrant families and more recent migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066618\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-06-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Arena, 82, left, and Amalia Quintanilla, 80, right, play bingo at Mission Neighborhood Center, a civic center serving seniors in San Francisco on Aug. 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matthew Busch/The Investigative Reporting Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fear for themselves or undocumented family and friends, combined with rumors, has pushed many into isolation. Claudia Perez-Vaughan, who leads senior activities for the program, said the current situation reminds her of what many seniors were forced to endure during the COVID-19 lockdown. \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2821456\">Studies\u003c/a> have shown a correlation between isolation and increased risk of mortality, dementia, and disability in older results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have this community center that is their second house, their second home,” she said. “We are like a family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The atmosphere has changed recently. Some seniors have limited their visits to once a month, said Cinthia Torres, the community services coordinator. Others come only for to-go meals. A few have disappeared entirely. She remembers clients who used to drop by to say hello or play bingo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t come anymore,” Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José Sequaira, 77, and a naturalized citizen, still comes to the center for community activities like bingo, but it isn’t without trepidation. He’s upset by stories of people being ambushed by ICE officers and deported after building lives here. “I’m afraid because people with power, they treat them like nothing,” he said. “I don’t have any power, and how are they going to treat me?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-Aging-Immigrants-ICE-MD-05-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seniors play bingo at the Mission Neighborhood Center, a civic center serving seniors in San Francisco, on Aug. 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matthew Busch/The Investigative Reporting Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Much of the fear stems from language barriers, Torres noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s say someone stops them and asks them something. They’re afraid they won’t be able to answer, and they’re going to be taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres reminds clients that Mission Neighborhood Centers isn’t a sanctuary, but staff will do everything they can to protect them — “even if we have to sleep here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizenship can offer some protection against the threat. Jake Simons, associate director and naturalization program manager at Centro Latino de San Francisco, said there’s a push among clients to enroll in classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalization class enrollment applications have jumped from 250 to 400 in the past year at Centro Latino, a community center for older adults and people with disabilities. It’s normal to be nervous before citizenship exams, Simons said. Now he’s seeing students break down crying during one-on-one conversations with him, others are being prescribed anxiety medication. A few ask staff to accompany them to their citizenship exams, a service the center doesn’t officially offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They think going through this process, something bad is going to happen to them when in reality it should be a positive thing,” Simons said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Julio Sifuentes, 67, who attends the naturalization classes, said a friend had a heart attack brought on by fear and stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man, undocumented, was rushed to the ER and now won’t leave his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was scared,” Sifuentes said. “I also thought it could happen to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond medical appointments and social activities, some seniors are also choosing not to apply or recertify for CalFresh food benefits or Medi-Cal health insurance, said Centro Latino social worker Veronica Lacayo. She said the seniors worry that their information could be accessed by ICE — which had\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/ice-access-medicaid-data/\"> access \u003c/a>to Medicaid data before being \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/use-medicaid-data-ice-blocked-20-states\">blocked\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of [their] well-being is food, it’s medical assistance. If they won’t get those services, it’s devastating,” Lacayo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centro Latino distributes hot meals, often drawing long lines. Now, it’s not unusual for clients to ask to wait indoors, afraid of being seen by immigration agents, Lacayo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others hide at home. Meal-delivery drivers have reported seniors not answering their doors. When Lacayo calls to follow up with clients, they tell her they thought ICE was knocking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For most, it’s the only meal they get all day,” she said. Now, she instructs drivers to loudly say “la comida,” announcing the meal, and to identify themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some clients have asked Lacayo for virtual programming, she said, and she urges them to return in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this situation is really challenging,” she said. “Encourage them how, when they feel fear?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hussain Khan is a reporter and Matthew Busch is a photographer with the Investigative Reporting Program at the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://journalism.berkeley.edu/\">\u003cem>UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. They covered this story through a grant from \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thescanfoundation.org/\">\u003cem>The SCAN Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "federal-judge-orders-trump-to-return-national-guard-troops-in-la-to-state-control",
"title": "Federal Judge Orders Trump to Return National Guard Troops in LA to State Control",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.450934/gov.uscourts.cand.450934.225.0_3.pdf\">ordered\u003c/a> President Donald Trump to end his deployment of 300 California National Guard troops to Los Angeles and return control to Gov. Gavin Newsom, ruling that there is no evidence to justify the ongoing military presence among civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling by U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer in San Francisco, which followed a Friday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066202/california-renews-push-to-bring-national-guard-back-under-newsoms-command\">hearing,\u003c/a> bluntly rejects the Trump administration’s argument that the troops’ presence in Los Angeles remains necessary in order to enforce federal laws and flatly dismisses their contention that the courts have no place to review such an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The founders designed our government to be a system of checks and balances. Defendants, however, make clear that the only check they want is a blank one,” Breyer wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six months after they first federalized the California National Guard, defendants still retain control of approximately 300 Guardsmen, despite no evidence that execution of federal law is impeded in any way — let alone significantly. What’s more, defendants have sent California Guardsmen into other states, effectively creating a national police force made up of state troops,” he added in his scathing opening remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California leaders celebrated the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once again, a court has firmly rejected the president’s attempt to make the National Guard a traveling national police force,” said Attorney General Rob Bonta. “The president is not king. And he cannot federalize the National Guard whenever, wherever, and for however long he wants, without justification. This is a good day for our democracy and the strength of the rule of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058864\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Rob Bonta is briefed by members of his Civil Rights Enforcement Section on litigation challenging the Trump administration at his offices in downtown Los Angeles, California, on March 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Allen J. Schaben/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ruling will not take effect until Monday, giving the Trump administration time to appeal to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, which earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043920/judge-weighs-californias-lawsuit-over-trumps-troop-deployment-in-la\">halted\u003c/a> a previous, temporary ruling by Breyer that also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043935/how-solid-is-californias-legal-case-against-trump-deploying-troops-to-la\">blocked the president from using the troops\u003c/a>. The appeals court later \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/06/9th-circuit-los-angeles-national-guard/\">ruled in favor\u003c/a> of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court is also considering a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12054322/judge-rules-trump-violated-law-by-sending-troops-to-los-angeles\">separate decision\u003c/a> from Breyer that prohibited the administration from using troops to patrol civilians in L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice declined to comment on the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue in the current ruling is whether Trump had the authority to call up 300 members of the California National Guard over Newsom’s objections in June, amid immigration raids and subsequent protests in L.A. The state sued after that initial deployment. In August, the president extended the deployment through Nov. 4 — Election Day in California — and then, in October, moved again to lengthen the deployment through Feb. 2, 2026.[aside postID=news_12066492 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240212-ImmigrationCourt-31-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg']Loyola Law School professor Jessica Levinson said that although the 9th Circuit might accord the Trump administration more deference on appeal, Breyer’s order painstakingly spells out why the government has not met the necessary standard under the law it used to justify the deployment: that it was unable to execute federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is a decision that basically says the Trump administration doesn’t get to just point to statutory language and say that the conditions are satisfied,” she said. “And Judge Breyer spends a good deal of time in this 35-page decision saying, I think you are able to execute federal law through the regular forces. And what happened on the ground doesn’t rise to the level of what you need to, as a president, do to take this fairly extraordinary step of federalizing National Guard members — again, when a governor doesn’t want you to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer homed in on that question of whether there was an ongoing inability to execute federal laws in L.A., noting that in mid-August, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem “announced that the immigration enforcement mission had succeeded: the administration had ‘Removed the Worst of the Worst Illegal Aliens,’ arresting ‘4,481 illegal aliens in the Los Angeles area’ since June 6.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In August of 2025, the situation in Los Angeles was calm,” Breyer wrote, adding that the administration at that point justified the extension of the deployment through Election Day by citing the June protests and a July incident in Ventura County — 50 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October extension order, he wrote, was similarly justified based on past events, minor recent incidents and the situation in another state, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12052297\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12052297\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1328\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters stand off against California National Guard soldiers at the Federal Building in downtown Los Angeles during a “No Kings” protest on June 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Richard Vogel/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Breyer noted that the law cited by the Trump administration states that the president may call up National Guard troops when he “is unable” to execute federal law, writing that it’s clear “that the word ‘is’ conveys the present tense,” and that mere risk of future violence cannot justify something as serious as using military troops to police civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is also a core right of the people to be able to gather in protest of their government and its policies — even when doing so is provocative, and even when doing so causes inconvenience,” Breyer wrote. “It is profoundly un-American to suggest that people peacefully exercising their fundamental right to protest constitute a risk justifying the federalization of military forces. Such logic, if accepted, would dangerously water down this precondition for federalization and run headfirst into the First Amendment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also deployed troops to Illinois, Oregon and Washington, D.C., over local objections. Lawsuits related to those cases are pending; the Illinois case is before the U.S. Supreme Court. California has filed in support of all of those cases, and also secured a ruling in October blocking the deployment of California National Guard troops to Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levinson said those cases will remain separate because the legality of the deployment hinges on the facts on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So these cases can’t really be consolidated,” she said. “This is not just a question of what does the law say. It’s a question of what does the law allow under different circumstances. … And so, what we see in all of these cases is federal judges looking at what’s actually happening. Are these protests turning violent? Can ICE agents execute immigration law?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Judge Charles Breyer in San Francisco rejected the government’s claims that troops are needed to enforce federal law. The Trump administration will have time to appeal.",
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"title": "Federal Judge Orders Trump to Return National Guard Troops in LA to State Control | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.450934/gov.uscourts.cand.450934.225.0_3.pdf\">ordered\u003c/a> President Donald Trump to end his deployment of 300 California National Guard troops to Los Angeles and return control to Gov. Gavin Newsom, ruling that there is no evidence to justify the ongoing military presence among civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling by U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer in San Francisco, which followed a Friday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066202/california-renews-push-to-bring-national-guard-back-under-newsoms-command\">hearing,\u003c/a> bluntly rejects the Trump administration’s argument that the troops’ presence in Los Angeles remains necessary in order to enforce federal laws and flatly dismisses their contention that the courts have no place to review such an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The founders designed our government to be a system of checks and balances. Defendants, however, make clear that the only check they want is a blank one,” Breyer wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six months after they first federalized the California National Guard, defendants still retain control of approximately 300 Guardsmen, despite no evidence that execution of federal law is impeded in any way — let alone significantly. What’s more, defendants have sent California Guardsmen into other states, effectively creating a national police force made up of state troops,” he added in his scathing opening remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California leaders celebrated the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once again, a court has firmly rejected the president’s attempt to make the National Guard a traveling national police force,” said Attorney General Rob Bonta. “The president is not king. And he cannot federalize the National Guard whenever, wherever, and for however long he wants, without justification. This is a good day for our democracy and the strength of the rule of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058864\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Rob Bonta is briefed by members of his Civil Rights Enforcement Section on litigation challenging the Trump administration at his offices in downtown Los Angeles, California, on March 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Allen J. Schaben/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ruling will not take effect until Monday, giving the Trump administration time to appeal to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, which earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043920/judge-weighs-californias-lawsuit-over-trumps-troop-deployment-in-la\">halted\u003c/a> a previous, temporary ruling by Breyer that also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043935/how-solid-is-californias-legal-case-against-trump-deploying-troops-to-la\">blocked the president from using the troops\u003c/a>. The appeals court later \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/06/9th-circuit-los-angeles-national-guard/\">ruled in favor\u003c/a> of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court is also considering a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12054322/judge-rules-trump-violated-law-by-sending-troops-to-los-angeles\">separate decision\u003c/a> from Breyer that prohibited the administration from using troops to patrol civilians in L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice declined to comment on the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue in the current ruling is whether Trump had the authority to call up 300 members of the California National Guard over Newsom’s objections in June, amid immigration raids and subsequent protests in L.A. The state sued after that initial deployment. In August, the president extended the deployment through Nov. 4 — Election Day in California — and then, in October, moved again to lengthen the deployment through Feb. 2, 2026.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Loyola Law School professor Jessica Levinson said that although the 9th Circuit might accord the Trump administration more deference on appeal, Breyer’s order painstakingly spells out why the government has not met the necessary standard under the law it used to justify the deployment: that it was unable to execute federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is a decision that basically says the Trump administration doesn’t get to just point to statutory language and say that the conditions are satisfied,” she said. “And Judge Breyer spends a good deal of time in this 35-page decision saying, I think you are able to execute federal law through the regular forces. And what happened on the ground doesn’t rise to the level of what you need to, as a president, do to take this fairly extraordinary step of federalizing National Guard members — again, when a governor doesn’t want you to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer homed in on that question of whether there was an ongoing inability to execute federal laws in L.A., noting that in mid-August, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem “announced that the immigration enforcement mission had succeeded: the administration had ‘Removed the Worst of the Worst Illegal Aliens,’ arresting ‘4,481 illegal aliens in the Los Angeles area’ since June 6.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In August of 2025, the situation in Los Angeles was calm,” Breyer wrote, adding that the administration at that point justified the extension of the deployment through Election Day by citing the June protests and a July incident in Ventura County — 50 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October extension order, he wrote, was similarly justified based on past events, minor recent incidents and the situation in another state, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12052297\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12052297\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1328\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters stand off against California National Guard soldiers at the Federal Building in downtown Los Angeles during a “No Kings” protest on June 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Richard Vogel/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Breyer noted that the law cited by the Trump administration states that the president may call up National Guard troops when he “is unable” to execute federal law, writing that it’s clear “that the word ‘is’ conveys the present tense,” and that mere risk of future violence cannot justify something as serious as using military troops to police civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is also a core right of the people to be able to gather in protest of their government and its policies — even when doing so is provocative, and even when doing so causes inconvenience,” Breyer wrote. “It is profoundly un-American to suggest that people peacefully exercising their fundamental right to protest constitute a risk justifying the federalization of military forces. Such logic, if accepted, would dangerously water down this precondition for federalization and run headfirst into the First Amendment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also deployed troops to Illinois, Oregon and Washington, D.C., over local objections. Lawsuits related to those cases are pending; the Illinois case is before the U.S. Supreme Court. California has filed in support of all of those cases, and also secured a ruling in October blocking the deployment of California National Guard troops to Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levinson said those cases will remain separate because the legality of the deployment hinges on the facts on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So these cases can’t really be consolidated,” she said. “This is not just a question of what does the law say. It’s a question of what does the law allow under different circumstances. … And so, what we see in all of these cases is federal judges looking at what’s actually happening. Are these protests turning violent? Can ICE agents execute immigration law?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lawyers for California and for the Trump administration returned to court on Friday to argue whether the president has the authority to extend the federal deployment of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051954/judge-to-rule-whether-trumps-use-of-troops-in-la-violated-federal-law\">more than 300 members of the state’s National Guard\u003c/a> indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a U.S. District Court in San Francisco, Judge Charles Breyer spent the better part of an hour-and-a-half-long hearing asking the U.S. attorney to cite specific evidence to support the decision to federalize state troops during protests against immigration enforcement in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What evidence is there?” Breyer repeatedly asked Deputy Assistant Attorney General Eric Hamilton, who alleged threats to federal personnel and property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer then asked the U.S. attorney whether there are any checks on the president’s power to determine the length of a deployment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it your view that the president can keep troops federalized indefinitely without any judicial review?” Breyer asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV4Fyi2qwrU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes,” Hamilton answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In other words, like diamonds, it’s forever, right?” Breyer pressed. “As long as the president believes in his discretion that justifies the federalization of the National Guard, it’s forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California challenged President Donald Trump’s ongoing deployment in a renewed \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/new-filing-attorney-general-bonta-and-governor-newsom-ask-court-block-renewed\">motion\u003c/a> in September, after the president extended the federalization of 300 troops through the November election, and again through Feb. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal government has taken the remarkable position that they can make decisions about the deployment of the National Guard, including here,” Bonta said after the hearing. “And judges can do nothing about it, that there is no check, that there is no balance, that there is no coequal branch of government called the judiciary to review their decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer did not immediately issue a ruling on Friday, but said one would come soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge previously ruled that the use of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12054322/judge-rules-trump-violated-law-by-sending-troops-to-los-angeles\">state troops \u003c/a>violated the Constitution and the Posse Comitatus Act and ordered the administration to cease using them for policing activities. However, because federal appeals court judges \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca9.33862d2f-fcee-484b-82e0-2aefd5de7aaa/gov.uscourts.ca9.33862d2f-fcee-484b-82e0-2aefd5de7aaa.7.0.pdf\">granted\u003c/a> the government’s request for a stay, the order never took effect.[aside postID=news_12060875 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/NationalGuardGetty.jpg']Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth initially federalized 4000 National Guard troops and more than 700 Marines to Los Angeles in early June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Violent protests threaten the security of and significant damage to Federal immigration detention facilities and other Federal property,” Trump said in a June 7 memo. “To the extent that protests or acts of violence directly inhibit the execution of the laws, they constitute a form of rebellion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The necessity of that deployment has been the center of a see-sawing legal battle between California and the Trump administration, and has become the model for mobilizations throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the Trump administration redeployed 214 California National Guard troops to Portland, an action ultimately prevented by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059205/sf-appeals-court-appears-reluctant-to-block-trumps-national-guard-deployment-to-portland\">a federal judge in Oregon\u003c/a>. Those guards remained outside the city at a base until November, when the president released them from their mission. At this time, the troops are in the process of demobilizing at Fort Hood, Texas, according to a spokesperson for Northern Command, but are still under the federal government’s command.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 100 troops in Los Angeles “remain staged at various locations” according to the U.S. government’s \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/214.pdf\">court filings\u003c/a>, “to provide rapid response protection support to federal facilities, functions, and personnel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s argument also drew attention to an \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/212-2.pdf\">Aug. 25 presidential order\u003c/a> instructing “the Secretary of Defense [to] ensure the availability of a standing National Guard quick reaction force that shall be resourced, trained, and available for rapid nationwide deployment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the administration’s justification for the initial mobilization in Los Angeles remained the subject of fierce national debate over the limits of presidential power, California argued that the continued federalization of the 100 troops could no longer be rationalized by any measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lack of any violence or other justifying events in Los Angeles and Defendants’ choice to remove most of those troops from Los Angeles confirms it,” Bonta asserted in \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/Renewed-Motion.pdf\">court filings\u003c/a> urging the court to “enjoin any continued federalization and deployment of National Guard troops in and around Los Angeles, and end this unlawful federalization now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has also argued that the Trump administration’s federalization of the state’s National Guard has become a blueprint in a war against blue states and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Defendants began to implement in other parts of the country the model of military occupation that began in Los Angeles,” attorneys wrote in court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remained unclear, however, what effect a ruling on California’s renewed motion would have, given other cases challenging the federalization of state’s national guard moving through the courts. That includes Trump v. Illinois, which is on the emergency docket before the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hearing, Bonta said that all of the cases currently moving through the courts focus on the same component of the law that allows the president to deploy the National Guard if there’s an inability to execute the federal law with the regular forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that’s what the U.S. Supreme Court is going to look at, at least the aspect of what are regular forces and how you’re supposed to analyze that issue,” Bonta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Amanda Hernandez contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California Attorney General Rob Bonta said the state’s National Guard is not President Donald Trump’s “royal guard.” \r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lawyers for California and for the Trump administration returned to court on Friday to argue whether the president has the authority to extend the federal deployment of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051954/judge-to-rule-whether-trumps-use-of-troops-in-la-violated-federal-law\">more than 300 members of the state’s National Guard\u003c/a> indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a U.S. District Court in San Francisco, Judge Charles Breyer spent the better part of an hour-and-a-half-long hearing asking the U.S. attorney to cite specific evidence to support the decision to federalize state troops during protests against immigration enforcement in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What evidence is there?” Breyer repeatedly asked Deputy Assistant Attorney General Eric Hamilton, who alleged threats to federal personnel and property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer then asked the U.S. attorney whether there are any checks on the president’s power to determine the length of a deployment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it your view that the president can keep troops federalized indefinitely without any judicial review?” Breyer asked.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fV4Fyi2qwrU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fV4Fyi2qwrU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“Yes,” Hamilton answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In other words, like diamonds, it’s forever, right?” Breyer pressed. “As long as the president believes in his discretion that justifies the federalization of the National Guard, it’s forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California challenged President Donald Trump’s ongoing deployment in a renewed \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/new-filing-attorney-general-bonta-and-governor-newsom-ask-court-block-renewed\">motion\u003c/a> in September, after the president extended the federalization of 300 troops through the November election, and again through Feb. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal government has taken the remarkable position that they can make decisions about the deployment of the National Guard, including here,” Bonta said after the hearing. “And judges can do nothing about it, that there is no check, that there is no balance, that there is no coequal branch of government called the judiciary to review their decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer did not immediately issue a ruling on Friday, but said one would come soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge previously ruled that the use of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12054322/judge-rules-trump-violated-law-by-sending-troops-to-los-angeles\">state troops \u003c/a>violated the Constitution and the Posse Comitatus Act and ordered the administration to cease using them for policing activities. However, because federal appeals court judges \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca9.33862d2f-fcee-484b-82e0-2aefd5de7aaa/gov.uscourts.ca9.33862d2f-fcee-484b-82e0-2aefd5de7aaa.7.0.pdf\">granted\u003c/a> the government’s request for a stay, the order never took effect.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth initially federalized 4000 National Guard troops and more than 700 Marines to Los Angeles in early June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Violent protests threaten the security of and significant damage to Federal immigration detention facilities and other Federal property,” Trump said in a June 7 memo. “To the extent that protests or acts of violence directly inhibit the execution of the laws, they constitute a form of rebellion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The necessity of that deployment has been the center of a see-sawing legal battle between California and the Trump administration, and has become the model for mobilizations throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the Trump administration redeployed 214 California National Guard troops to Portland, an action ultimately prevented by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059205/sf-appeals-court-appears-reluctant-to-block-trumps-national-guard-deployment-to-portland\">a federal judge in Oregon\u003c/a>. Those guards remained outside the city at a base until November, when the president released them from their mission. At this time, the troops are in the process of demobilizing at Fort Hood, Texas, according to a spokesperson for Northern Command, but are still under the federal government’s command.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 100 troops in Los Angeles “remain staged at various locations” according to the U.S. government’s \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/214.pdf\">court filings\u003c/a>, “to provide rapid response protection support to federal facilities, functions, and personnel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s argument also drew attention to an \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/212-2.pdf\">Aug. 25 presidential order\u003c/a> instructing “the Secretary of Defense [to] ensure the availability of a standing National Guard quick reaction force that shall be resourced, trained, and available for rapid nationwide deployment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the administration’s justification for the initial mobilization in Los Angeles remained the subject of fierce national debate over the limits of presidential power, California argued that the continued federalization of the 100 troops could no longer be rationalized by any measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lack of any violence or other justifying events in Los Angeles and Defendants’ choice to remove most of those troops from Los Angeles confirms it,” Bonta asserted in \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/Renewed-Motion.pdf\">court filings\u003c/a> urging the court to “enjoin any continued federalization and deployment of National Guard troops in and around Los Angeles, and end this unlawful federalization now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has also argued that the Trump administration’s federalization of the state’s National Guard has become a blueprint in a war against blue states and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Defendants began to implement in other parts of the country the model of military occupation that began in Los Angeles,” attorneys wrote in court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remained unclear, however, what effect a ruling on California’s renewed motion would have, given other cases challenging the federalization of state’s national guard moving through the courts. That includes Trump v. Illinois, which is on the emergency docket before the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hearing, Bonta said that all of the cases currently moving through the courts focus on the same component of the law that allows the president to deploy the National Guard if there’s an inability to execute the federal law with the regular forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that’s what the U.S. Supreme Court is going to look at, at least the aspect of what are regular forces and how you’re supposed to analyze that issue,” Bonta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Amanda Hernandez contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "oakland-sisters-lead-fight-to-free-la-relatives-from-ice-detention",
"title": "Oakland Sisters Lead Fight to Free LA Relatives From ICE Detention",
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"headTitle": "Oakland Sisters Lead Fight to Free LA Relatives From ICE Detention | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jennifer Alejo was taking a midmorning stroll through the serene San Francisco Botanical Garden when she got a panicked call from her mother in Los Angeles. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043346/sf-rallies-for-david-huerta-california-union-leader-arrested-in-la-immigration-raid\">Immigration and Customs Enforcement raided\u003c/a> the garment warehouse where more than a dozen of Alejo’s cousins and uncles worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men were handcuffed, loaded into white vans and driven away as federal agents in military gear clashed with protesters outside the warehouse’s gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Alejo didn’t know how many relatives were arrested or where they were taken. Over the next frantic 24 hours of phone calls and online searches, a clearer picture emerged: ICE had detained 14 of her family members in a single swoop at Ambiance Apparel on June 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am freaking out because I’ve been in the Bay organizing for 10 years, but I have never gone up to the immigration machine in this way,” said Alejo, who leads the Oakland-based nonprofit Trabajadores Unidos Workers United. “So I was nervous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alejos’ story captures the new reality of immigration enforcement under President Donald Trump: mass workplace raids returning on a scale not seen in years, sweeping up longtime residents with no criminal records and leaving families to navigate a system stacked against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across California and the U.S., ICE arrests and detentions have climbed sharply in recent years, as the administration renews its focus on high-profile raids and deportations — forcing communities to organize legal and financial lifelines on the fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12061732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12061732\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-3-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-3-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-3-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-3-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer Alejo works in her office in Oakland on Oct. 27, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061545/bay-area-spared-from-federal-immigration-enforcement-surge-officials-say\">braced for aggressive immigration arrests\u003c/a> like those seen in Los Angeles and Chicago in recent months. Last week, dozens of U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents arrived at a Coast Guard base in Alameda, prompting a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061436/2-injured-after-officers-shoot-at-truck-outside-alameda-base-following-day-of-protests\">confrontation with protesters\u003c/a>. Tensions eased after President Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061209/lurie-trump-is-calling-off-plans-to-send-federal-troops-to-san-francisco\">called off a planned surge\u003c/a> of federal agents targeting San Francisco on Oct. 23, and Oakland Mayor Barbara Lee said the next day that scheduled ICE and Border Patrol operations were canceled. Still, immigrant advocates, school leaders and elected officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12055279/oakland-latino-merchants-learn-rights-as-ice-targets-worksites\">urged residents to stay prepared\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alejo and his younger sister, Citlali, also a staffer at the organization, knew their relatives would have a better chance at release if the family worked together. They tapped their Bay Area networks for legal aid and fundraising, and rallied relatives and close friends in L.A. to launch Lucha Zapoteca, a public campaign named for their Indigenous Zapoteca roots from Southern Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly five months later, public awareness about the family’s plight helped raise more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/urgent-aid-for-families-of-14-detained-members\">$370,000\u003c/a> from thousands of donors — enough to pay immigration bonds, which can range from $1,500 to more than $25,000 each, and cover rent and groceries for relatives left without breadwinners.[aside postID=news_12057190 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251022-FRUITVALE-MERCHANTS-MD-02-KQED.jpg']Immigration attorneys in the Bay Area and Southern California worked to free 11 of the men from the Adelanto ICE detention center and secured long-term representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted people to know that they could fight back. We didn’t know what it was going to look like, but we also knew that our community does have rights,” said Alejo, 33. “But it is hard to organize your own family into action, especially when there’s just so much at stake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family joined protests, including outside of the Adelanto facility, and packed court hearings to show support — a factor immigration judges often consider when deciding whether to release a detainee on bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Alejo’s relatives is still locked up at the Adelanto facility, about 90 miles from L.A. Two were deported, including a 22-year-old who, the sisters said, didn’t realize the papers he signed sealed his removal to Tijuana. The other relative, unable to endure detention conditions, voluntarily agreed to deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE did not respond to requests for comment on why Ambiance Apparel, which employs about 150 employees at its warehouse and showroom, was targeted in June or about the operation’s outcome. It’s unclear whether the 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/los-angeles-fashion-district-company-owner-sentenced-one-year-prison-committing-customs\">sentencing\u003c/a> of the company’s owner to one year in federal prison for failing to pay more than $35 million in taxes and customs duties was connected to the raid. Ambiance has denied any wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ambiance is committed to following the law and to supporting its workers, many of whom have worked for the company for decades,” said Benjamin Gluck, an attorney representing the company, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12055266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12055266\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-2221046205-scaled-e1761161380689.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A protester carries a sign reading “Immigrants Built America!” as anti-ICE demonstrators protest outside a federal building on June 19, 2025, in Los Angeles, California. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White House “border czar” Tom Homan said federal agents executed a search warrant at the business, which has locations in L.A.’s Fashion District and Vernon, as part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tom-homan-trump-border-czar-los-angeles-rcna211701\">criminal investigation\u003c/a> that also swept up undocumented workers. But U.S. Attorney Bill Assaily said the judicial \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/us-attorney-confirms-fbi-federal-agencies-search-warrant-downtown-los-angeles/3717411/\">warrant\u003c/a> that gained agents’ entry to the gated worksite was only for immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law prohibits employers from allowing ICE into their facilities unless agents present a valid judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roughly 10,300 ICE arrests in California from January through July represent nearly double the total for all of 2024 and more than five times the arrests in 2023, according to a KQED analysis of \u003ca href=\"https://deportationdata.org/data/ice.html\">data\u003c/a> from the UC Berkeley Deportation Data Project. About 62% of this year’s arrests occurred in ICE’s Los Angeles area of responsibility, which includes Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said its immigration crackdown prioritizes expelling dangerous criminals, but undocumented immigrants with no criminal records are being detained as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve said a thousand times that aperture will open,” Homan told NBC News in June. “And I said, if you’re in the country illegally, you’re not off the table.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Deciding to push back\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After Alejo and Citlali drove to L.A. on the evening of June 6, they met with dozens of worried relatives and friends who gathered at a Quinceañera party hall someone had secured. They tallied which family members hadn’t returned home from their shifts and spoke with two Bay Area immigration attorneys Alejo had already contacted. Her first question: Could the family help by speaking up and organizing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hall had a projector. Alejo brought in Lisa Knox of the California Center for Immigrant Justice and Luis Angel Reyes Savalza of the San Francisco Public Defender’s Office via Zoom. Both attorneys, active in local immigration rapid response networks, confirmed that public pressure could boost a legal process to get the fathers and husbands out of detention. Alejo reminded her family that it would take work and courage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12061733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12061733\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-7-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-7-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-7-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-7-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer Alejo works in her office in Oakland on Oct. 27, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was transparent, that, hey, this is going to be a big fight. I do think we can fight back, but we need to be vocal,” Alejo, an Oakland resident who organizes low-wage cooks, builders and other workers to combat labor violations such as wage theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her sister Citlali, 27, who works in communications, organized Lucha Zapoteca’s first \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/DKsClVtpDq-/\">press conference\u003c/a> that weekend. Many relatives felt anxious, Citlali said, but Yurien Contreras was the first to volunteer to talk to reporters about her father’s arrest and what it meant for her and three younger brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 9, supporters held cardboard signs with photos of their 14 detained relatives outside of Ambiance’s warehouse. When it was her turn to speak, Contreras stepped onto a wooden box near a podium and faced a wall of reporters for the first time. The 20-year-old American citizen had rushed to the warehouse in time to see federal agents lead her father and roughly 40 others away the previous Friday. She demanded that immigration authorities respect the workers’ due process rights and release them.[aside postID=news_12055279 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250903-ICETRAINING_01023_TV-KQED.jpg']“I witnessed how they put my father in handcuffs, chained him from the waist and from his ankles,” said Yurien, speaking into a bouquet of microphones. “We suffered and still suffer from this traumatizing experience emotionally, mentally, and physically…We need our father back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contreras said her father’s absence was particularly hard on her 4-year-old brother, who has special needs and stopped eating and talking for about a week. For the three months her father was detained, Contreras found it difficult to sleep. She ultimately deferred her college enrollment to stay home and support her family full-time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their stories struck a nerve in a city reeling from aggressive immigration sweeps and the arrival of National Guard soldiers, sometimes fully armed, sent by Trump to help federal agents. TV stations and newspapers carried the Alejo family’s story — even into the ICE Processing Center in Adelanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Contreras’ uncles, uncertain about what would happen to his four U.S.-born children, said another detainee peeked into his cell to tell him his family was on TV. Disbelieving, he hurried to the recreation room but missed the newscast. He waited for the next one at 6 p.m. When he finally saw his eldest daughter on screen, he wondered how his shy 23-year-old had found the strength to speak fearlessly. KQED agreed to grant the man anonymity because of his pending immigration case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped me a lot because I saw the support both from my family members and everyone who was there,” the man, who was released from detention in late August, said in Spanish. “It gives you more courage to cope with the case because it can be very exhausting. The psychological anguish eats at you, wears you out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked for 15 years in L.A.’s construction and janitorial industries before handling shipping at Ambiance for the last five years. He said it’s been hard to adjust to life after detention, as he’s unable to work while fighting his immigration case. Not knowing whether he will be deported still weighs heavily on him, but he’s grateful to Lucha Zapoteca for legal representation and financial help that keep his children and wife fed and housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Community and strangers step in to help\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One vocal supporter has been the Rev. Jaime Edwards-Acton, rector at St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church in Hollywood, where the family attends services. He got involved early to raise funds and coordinate donations. His parishioners, led by two sisters in their 20s, have delivered weekly boxes of groceries, diapers and household supplies to Alejo’s relatives. The church is expanding efforts to help more Angelenos affected by ICE arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been an amazing kind of outpouring of generosity and a desire to really want to do something, to make a positive contribution to this mess that we find ourselves in right now,” said Edwards-Acton, who also wrote letters supporting the detained Ambiance workers to the immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12055746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12055746\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/IMG_9847-scaled-e1761671224320.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dozens of carwash employees and their family members rallied alongside immigrant rights activists in Los Angeles on Thursday to denounce federal immigration raids at their worksites. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Los Angeles Worker Center Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He said the Alejo family’s campaign and the broader community response have inspired him. Edwards-Acton recalled an interfaith vigil at downtown L.A.’s Grand Park, attended by about 1,000 people, where speakers included Mayor Karen Bass and Contreras. He said Contreras’ powerful testimony countered fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what kind of really moves people to action. Her courage was really contagious,” he said. “It wasn’t just a testimony of despair. It was a testimony about this tragic moment, but also how we’re fighting for justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contreras, who had a baby in March, spent her time attending court hearings for her father and the other detained relatives while caring for her brothers, mother and her child. Her 17-year-old brother remained withdrawn but kept his grades up. One day, he said he had a new goal — to graduate with honors to make his parents proud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their efforts paid off: Contreras’ father returned home in early September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a lot of hard work, a lot of times where it felt impossible for my dad to be liberated,” Contreras, who hopes to one day become an ultrasound technician, said. “We are super excited that he’s back home. We are thankful for this second opportunity with my dad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the Alejo family, who believe their clients were unlawfully targeted, said they face a difficult path to remain in the U.S. The Trump administration recently changed its policies to make detainees who crossed the border illegally \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/blog/bia-ruling-immigration-judges-bond-mandatory-detention-undocumented-immigrants/\">ineligible\u003c/a> for bond. Dozens of immigration judges, employed by the Department of Justice, have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/23/nx-s1-5550915/trump-immigration-judges\">fired \u003c/a>and temporarily replaced with military lawyers who are not trained to oversee deportation hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Bay Area and other regions remain on high alert for more ICE enforcement, Alejo said her family’s story — and the support it inspired from strangers — offers hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel really proud of our family for doing this,” Alejo said. “It’s also been an amazing time to prove to our community that we can organize when we come together and push back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jennifer Alejo was taking a midmorning stroll through the serene San Francisco Botanical Garden when she got a panicked call from her mother in Los Angeles. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043346/sf-rallies-for-david-huerta-california-union-leader-arrested-in-la-immigration-raid\">Immigration and Customs Enforcement raided\u003c/a> the garment warehouse where more than a dozen of Alejo’s cousins and uncles worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men were handcuffed, loaded into white vans and driven away as federal agents in military gear clashed with protesters outside the warehouse’s gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Alejo didn’t know how many relatives were arrested or where they were taken. Over the next frantic 24 hours of phone calls and online searches, a clearer picture emerged: ICE had detained 14 of her family members in a single swoop at Ambiance Apparel on June 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am freaking out because I’ve been in the Bay organizing for 10 years, but I have never gone up to the immigration machine in this way,” said Alejo, who leads the Oakland-based nonprofit Trabajadores Unidos Workers United. “So I was nervous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alejos’ story captures the new reality of immigration enforcement under President Donald Trump: mass workplace raids returning on a scale not seen in years, sweeping up longtime residents with no criminal records and leaving families to navigate a system stacked against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across California and the U.S., ICE arrests and detentions have climbed sharply in recent years, as the administration renews its focus on high-profile raids and deportations — forcing communities to organize legal and financial lifelines on the fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12061732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12061732\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-3-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-3-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-3-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-3-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer Alejo works in her office in Oakland on Oct. 27, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061545/bay-area-spared-from-federal-immigration-enforcement-surge-officials-say\">braced for aggressive immigration arrests\u003c/a> like those seen in Los Angeles and Chicago in recent months. Last week, dozens of U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents arrived at a Coast Guard base in Alameda, prompting a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061436/2-injured-after-officers-shoot-at-truck-outside-alameda-base-following-day-of-protests\">confrontation with protesters\u003c/a>. Tensions eased after President Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061209/lurie-trump-is-calling-off-plans-to-send-federal-troops-to-san-francisco\">called off a planned surge\u003c/a> of federal agents targeting San Francisco on Oct. 23, and Oakland Mayor Barbara Lee said the next day that scheduled ICE and Border Patrol operations were canceled. Still, immigrant advocates, school leaders and elected officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12055279/oakland-latino-merchants-learn-rights-as-ice-targets-worksites\">urged residents to stay prepared\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alejo and his younger sister, Citlali, also a staffer at the organization, knew their relatives would have a better chance at release if the family worked together. They tapped their Bay Area networks for legal aid and fundraising, and rallied relatives and close friends in L.A. to launch Lucha Zapoteca, a public campaign named for their Indigenous Zapoteca roots from Southern Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly five months later, public awareness about the family’s plight helped raise more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/urgent-aid-for-families-of-14-detained-members\">$370,000\u003c/a> from thousands of donors — enough to pay immigration bonds, which can range from $1,500 to more than $25,000 each, and cover rent and groceries for relatives left without breadwinners.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Immigration attorneys in the Bay Area and Southern California worked to free 11 of the men from the Adelanto ICE detention center and secured long-term representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted people to know that they could fight back. We didn’t know what it was going to look like, but we also knew that our community does have rights,” said Alejo, 33. “But it is hard to organize your own family into action, especially when there’s just so much at stake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family joined protests, including outside of the Adelanto facility, and packed court hearings to show support — a factor immigration judges often consider when deciding whether to release a detainee on bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Alejo’s relatives is still locked up at the Adelanto facility, about 90 miles from L.A. Two were deported, including a 22-year-old who, the sisters said, didn’t realize the papers he signed sealed his removal to Tijuana. The other relative, unable to endure detention conditions, voluntarily agreed to deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE did not respond to requests for comment on why Ambiance Apparel, which employs about 150 employees at its warehouse and showroom, was targeted in June or about the operation’s outcome. It’s unclear whether the 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/los-angeles-fashion-district-company-owner-sentenced-one-year-prison-committing-customs\">sentencing\u003c/a> of the company’s owner to one year in federal prison for failing to pay more than $35 million in taxes and customs duties was connected to the raid. Ambiance has denied any wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ambiance is committed to following the law and to supporting its workers, many of whom have worked for the company for decades,” said Benjamin Gluck, an attorney representing the company, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12055266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12055266\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-2221046205-scaled-e1761161380689.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A protester carries a sign reading “Immigrants Built America!” as anti-ICE demonstrators protest outside a federal building on June 19, 2025, in Los Angeles, California. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White House “border czar” Tom Homan said federal agents executed a search warrant at the business, which has locations in L.A.’s Fashion District and Vernon, as part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tom-homan-trump-border-czar-los-angeles-rcna211701\">criminal investigation\u003c/a> that also swept up undocumented workers. But U.S. Attorney Bill Assaily said the judicial \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/us-attorney-confirms-fbi-federal-agencies-search-warrant-downtown-los-angeles/3717411/\">warrant\u003c/a> that gained agents’ entry to the gated worksite was only for immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law prohibits employers from allowing ICE into their facilities unless agents present a valid judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roughly 10,300 ICE arrests in California from January through July represent nearly double the total for all of 2024 and more than five times the arrests in 2023, according to a KQED analysis of \u003ca href=\"https://deportationdata.org/data/ice.html\">data\u003c/a> from the UC Berkeley Deportation Data Project. About 62% of this year’s arrests occurred in ICE’s Los Angeles area of responsibility, which includes Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said its immigration crackdown prioritizes expelling dangerous criminals, but undocumented immigrants with no criminal records are being detained as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve said a thousand times that aperture will open,” Homan told NBC News in June. “And I said, if you’re in the country illegally, you’re not off the table.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Deciding to push back\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After Alejo and Citlali drove to L.A. on the evening of June 6, they met with dozens of worried relatives and friends who gathered at a Quinceañera party hall someone had secured. They tallied which family members hadn’t returned home from their shifts and spoke with two Bay Area immigration attorneys Alejo had already contacted. Her first question: Could the family help by speaking up and organizing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hall had a projector. Alejo brought in Lisa Knox of the California Center for Immigrant Justice and Luis Angel Reyes Savalza of the San Francisco Public Defender’s Office via Zoom. Both attorneys, active in local immigration rapid response networks, confirmed that public pressure could boost a legal process to get the fathers and husbands out of detention. Alejo reminded her family that it would take work and courage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12061733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12061733\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-7-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-7-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-7-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251026_FAMILYMEMBERSARRESTED_HERNANDEZ-7-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer Alejo works in her office in Oakland on Oct. 27, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was transparent, that, hey, this is going to be a big fight. I do think we can fight back, but we need to be vocal,” Alejo, an Oakland resident who organizes low-wage cooks, builders and other workers to combat labor violations such as wage theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her sister Citlali, 27, who works in communications, organized Lucha Zapoteca’s first \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/DKsClVtpDq-/\">press conference\u003c/a> that weekend. Many relatives felt anxious, Citlali said, but Yurien Contreras was the first to volunteer to talk to reporters about her father’s arrest and what it meant for her and three younger brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 9, supporters held cardboard signs with photos of their 14 detained relatives outside of Ambiance’s warehouse. When it was her turn to speak, Contreras stepped onto a wooden box near a podium and faced a wall of reporters for the first time. The 20-year-old American citizen had rushed to the warehouse in time to see federal agents lead her father and roughly 40 others away the previous Friday. She demanded that immigration authorities respect the workers’ due process rights and release them.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I witnessed how they put my father in handcuffs, chained him from the waist and from his ankles,” said Yurien, speaking into a bouquet of microphones. “We suffered and still suffer from this traumatizing experience emotionally, mentally, and physically…We need our father back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contreras said her father’s absence was particularly hard on her 4-year-old brother, who has special needs and stopped eating and talking for about a week. For the three months her father was detained, Contreras found it difficult to sleep. She ultimately deferred her college enrollment to stay home and support her family full-time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their stories struck a nerve in a city reeling from aggressive immigration sweeps and the arrival of National Guard soldiers, sometimes fully armed, sent by Trump to help federal agents. TV stations and newspapers carried the Alejo family’s story — even into the ICE Processing Center in Adelanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Contreras’ uncles, uncertain about what would happen to his four U.S.-born children, said another detainee peeked into his cell to tell him his family was on TV. Disbelieving, he hurried to the recreation room but missed the newscast. He waited for the next one at 6 p.m. When he finally saw his eldest daughter on screen, he wondered how his shy 23-year-old had found the strength to speak fearlessly. KQED agreed to grant the man anonymity because of his pending immigration case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped me a lot because I saw the support both from my family members and everyone who was there,” the man, who was released from detention in late August, said in Spanish. “It gives you more courage to cope with the case because it can be very exhausting. The psychological anguish eats at you, wears you out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked for 15 years in L.A.’s construction and janitorial industries before handling shipping at Ambiance for the last five years. He said it’s been hard to adjust to life after detention, as he’s unable to work while fighting his immigration case. Not knowing whether he will be deported still weighs heavily on him, but he’s grateful to Lucha Zapoteca for legal representation and financial help that keep his children and wife fed and housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Community and strangers step in to help\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One vocal supporter has been the Rev. Jaime Edwards-Acton, rector at St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church in Hollywood, where the family attends services. He got involved early to raise funds and coordinate donations. His parishioners, led by two sisters in their 20s, have delivered weekly boxes of groceries, diapers and household supplies to Alejo’s relatives. The church is expanding efforts to help more Angelenos affected by ICE arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been an amazing kind of outpouring of generosity and a desire to really want to do something, to make a positive contribution to this mess that we find ourselves in right now,” said Edwards-Acton, who also wrote letters supporting the detained Ambiance workers to the immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12055746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12055746\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/IMG_9847-scaled-e1761671224320.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dozens of carwash employees and their family members rallied alongside immigrant rights activists in Los Angeles on Thursday to denounce federal immigration raids at their worksites. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Los Angeles Worker Center Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He said the Alejo family’s campaign and the broader community response have inspired him. Edwards-Acton recalled an interfaith vigil at downtown L.A.’s Grand Park, attended by about 1,000 people, where speakers included Mayor Karen Bass and Contreras. He said Contreras’ powerful testimony countered fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what kind of really moves people to action. Her courage was really contagious,” he said. “It wasn’t just a testimony of despair. It was a testimony about this tragic moment, but also how we’re fighting for justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contreras, who had a baby in March, spent her time attending court hearings for her father and the other detained relatives while caring for her brothers, mother and her child. Her 17-year-old brother remained withdrawn but kept his grades up. One day, he said he had a new goal — to graduate with honors to make his parents proud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their efforts paid off: Contreras’ father returned home in early September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a lot of hard work, a lot of times where it felt impossible for my dad to be liberated,” Contreras, who hopes to one day become an ultrasound technician, said. “We are super excited that he’s back home. We are thankful for this second opportunity with my dad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the Alejo family, who believe their clients were unlawfully targeted, said they face a difficult path to remain in the U.S. The Trump administration recently changed its policies to make detainees who crossed the border illegally \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/blog/bia-ruling-immigration-judges-bond-mandatory-detention-undocumented-immigrants/\">ineligible\u003c/a> for bond. Dozens of immigration judges, employed by the Department of Justice, have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/23/nx-s1-5550915/trump-immigration-judges\">fired \u003c/a>and temporarily replaced with military lawyers who are not trained to oversee deportation hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Bay Area and other regions remain on high alert for more ICE enforcement, Alejo said her family’s story — and the support it inspired from strangers — offers hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel really proud of our family for doing this,” Alejo said. “It’s also been an amazing time to prove to our community that we can organize when we come together and push back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Donald Trump\u003c/a>’s deployment of military troops to Los Angeles has cost U.S. taxpayers at least $118 million, said Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has sued over the president’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The figure, Newsom’s office said Thursday, is based on an estimate compiled by the California National Guard. The Trump administration has not responded to a public information request for documents and records itemizing the cost of the military deployment, Newsom’s office stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor estimates that the June deployment of 4,000 National Guard soldiers and 700 U.S. Marines cost taxpayers $71 million in food, $37 million in payroll and another $9 million in other costs. Newsom called the deployment a “stunt” and a waste of resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $118 million total is close to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/10/troops-deployed-to-la-will-cost-134m-pentagon-official-says-00396632\">$134 million estimate\u003c/a> provided to lawmakers by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth earlier this summer, as the troops were being deployed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049917\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/072525-Gavin-Newsom-Presser-AP-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/072525-Gavin-Newsom-Presser-AP-CM-01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/072525-Gavin-Newsom-Presser-AP-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/072525-Gavin-Newsom-Presser-AP-CM-01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom calls for a new way for California to redraw its congressional district maps during a news conference in Sacramento on July 25, 2025. \u003ccite>(Rich Pedroncelli/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Let us not forget what this political theater is costing us all — millions of taxpayer dollars down the drain, an atrophy to the readiness of guards members across the nation, and unnecessary hardships to the families supporting those troops,” Newsom said in a written statement. “Talk about waste, fraud, and abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump dispatched the troops to L.A. in June as protests broke out in response to immigration raids. The president claimed that those protests amounted to a rebellion and that he had the power to seize control of California’s National Guard, which Newsom usually oversees.[aside postID=news_12054322 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg']The state sued and this week won a favorable ruling from U.S. District Court Judge Charles Breyer, who ordered Trump to stop allowing the 300 National Guard troops still in L.A. to conduct policing of civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer also ruled that the protests did not amount to a rebellion; the president has appealed, and the ruling remains on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the costs, Newsom noted that fewer than one-fifth of the troops deployed to L.A. were actually utilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also sent troops to Washington, D.C. under the guise of fighting crime and said he plans to also send military units to Democrat-led cities, including Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who has accused the president of trying to create his own national police force, called on other states to “do the math themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Donald Trump\u003c/a>’s deployment of military troops to Los Angeles has cost U.S. taxpayers at least $118 million, said Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has sued over the president’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The figure, Newsom’s office said Thursday, is based on an estimate compiled by the California National Guard. The Trump administration has not responded to a public information request for documents and records itemizing the cost of the military deployment, Newsom’s office stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor estimates that the June deployment of 4,000 National Guard soldiers and 700 U.S. Marines cost taxpayers $71 million in food, $37 million in payroll and another $9 million in other costs. Newsom called the deployment a “stunt” and a waste of resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $118 million total is close to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/10/troops-deployed-to-la-will-cost-134m-pentagon-official-says-00396632\">$134 million estimate\u003c/a> provided to lawmakers by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth earlier this summer, as the troops were being deployed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049917\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/072525-Gavin-Newsom-Presser-AP-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/072525-Gavin-Newsom-Presser-AP-CM-01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/072525-Gavin-Newsom-Presser-AP-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/072525-Gavin-Newsom-Presser-AP-CM-01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom calls for a new way for California to redraw its congressional district maps during a news conference in Sacramento on July 25, 2025. \u003ccite>(Rich Pedroncelli/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Let us not forget what this political theater is costing us all — millions of taxpayer dollars down the drain, an atrophy to the readiness of guards members across the nation, and unnecessary hardships to the families supporting those troops,” Newsom said in a written statement. “Talk about waste, fraud, and abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump dispatched the troops to L.A. in June as protests broke out in response to immigration raids. The president claimed that those protests amounted to a rebellion and that he had the power to seize control of California’s National Guard, which Newsom usually oversees.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The state sued and this week won a favorable ruling from U.S. District Court Judge Charles Breyer, who ordered Trump to stop allowing the 300 National Guard troops still in L.A. to conduct policing of civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer also ruled that the protests did not amount to a rebellion; the president has appealed, and the ruling remains on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the costs, Newsom noted that fewer than one-fifth of the troops deployed to L.A. were actually utilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also sent troops to Washington, D.C. under the guise of fighting crime and said he plans to also send military units to Democrat-led cities, including Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who has accused the president of trying to create his own national police force, called on other states to “do the math themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 2017, after the Tubbs Fire blazed through parts of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California’s\u003c/a> wine country, a Santa Rosa resident returned home to one of the few structures left standing in his fire-scarred neighborhood. He turned on the tap and reported that the water smelled like gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sampling identified the source of the odor as benzene, a compound found in petroleum products. One sample contained 8,000 times the amount of benzene that the Environmental Protection Agency allows in drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After ruling out the usual culprits for benzene contamination, such as a gasoline spill or leaking underground storage tanks, utility staff were left with a startling realization: The wildfire had contaminated the water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, state regulators support and guide how public water systems address contamination. But this threat from wildfire was new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No guidance or protocol existed for Santa Rosa’s water system to follow. Staff at Santa Rosa Water started reaching out to experts with experience responding to chemical spills, including a Purdue University engineering professor named Andrew Whelton. Whelton replied with exceptional interest, said Emma Walton, then a deputy director at the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, at least eight wildfires have contaminated public drinking water systems across the United States, and Whelton has become the de facto national authority on response and recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053442\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/LA_BFeinzimer.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1174\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/LA_BFeinzimer.jpg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/LA_BFeinzimer-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/LA_BFeinzimer-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters spray water onto a burning property in Altadena, California, during the L.A. wildfires earlier this year. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Brian Feinzimer/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He has rushed from his home in Indiana to the side of utility managers from Colorado to Hawaii who were facing some of the most stressful infrastructure crises of their careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has clashed with California regulators over specific protocol and recommended managers test for more contaminants than regulators there require. Last year, Whelton published a blueprint for how water utility staff can look for and decontaminate their systems. Utility managers say it provides a resource in an area where federal and state guidelines are lacking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to describe how complex it was before we had this resource, because you were doing a lot of guessing on what was right and wrong,” said Kurt Kowar, a utility director who sought Whelton’s help in the aftermath of Colorado’s Marshall Fire in 2021. “And now, there’s no more guessing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Leung, director of water quality at Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, said his staff referred to this playbook to make their recovery plan after the LA fires earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with this tool, LADWP was able to restore water service in two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘He wrote back, I think within 30 minutes’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The benzene found in Santa Rosa’s water is one of many VOCs, or volatile organic compounds, that can enter municipal water systems when the buildings they’re connected to are destroyed by wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VOCs are a broad category of chemicals known for their ability to off-gas. They’re found in household and industrial products, including paints, pesticides, dry cleaning agents and petroleum fuels. They also form during natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053565\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053565\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM2-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM2-1536x1115.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purdue professor Andrew Whelton in his office on the school’s campus. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Thorp/APM Reports)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the Tubbs Fires, experts understood that wildfires can contaminate water sources through soil erosion and runoff. Events in Santa Rosa revealed that wildfires can also contaminate water systems at the pipes that bring treated drinking water to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say it works like this: damage to structures and excess demand for water cause depressurization. This creates a vacuum in the distribution system that can pull contaminants into service lines, water mains and connecting fixtures. Plastic pipes can also degrade at high temperatures, causing chemicals in the plastic to leach into the water. The contamination can be distributed unevenly in damaged areas, making it difficult to catch without sufficient sampling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency regulates about 20 VOCs in drinking water that harm human health. Benzene, for example, has been linked to anemia, a decrease in blood platelets, and an increased risk of cancer. The agency limits benzene in drinking water to 5 micrograms per liter.[aside postID=news_12043312 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/CLAIRE-SCHWARTZ-L-AND-NINA-RAJ-WITH-A-CHILD_S-DRAWING-RECOVERED-BY-RAJ-AFTER-THE-EATON-FIRE-KQED-1020x765.jpg']California has a lower allowable maximum at 1 microgram per liter. If a million people consumed contaminated drinking water at this concentration over a 70-year period, the chemical would cause between six and seven cases of cancer, according to California regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But national drinking water standards set by the EPA do not account for this newly understood mode of contamination from wildfires. Water utilities routinely monitor for VOCs as the water leaves the treatment plant, upstream of where wildfire contamination is likely to occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, after the Camp Fire engulfed more than 90% of Paradise, California, Kevin Phillips needed answers to some pressing questions. The Paradise Irrigation District had just confirmed the presence of benzene in its water system and Phillips, the district manager, wanted to know if it would permanently contaminate the pipes. A contact at the University of California, Berkeley, suggested his team reach out to Whelton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Whelton] wrote back, I think within 30 minutes, a list of things we should look for and how we go about this,” Phillips said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his response, Whelton recommended that Paradise begin by flushing the distribution network to remove any contaminated water currently in the pipes. But, he cautioned, success depended on the types of materials the water came into contact with, the concentration of chemicals in the water, the water temperature and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053446\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053446\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-2000x1333.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Debris left behind by the Camp Fire in Paradise, California. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Plastics would be my biggest concern,” Whelton wrote. “Once you flush away the contaminated water, chemicals absorbed inside the plastic will then begin to leach out into the clean water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speed at which the chemicals leach out of the plastic determines how long decontamination takes, regardless of flushing, Whelton added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month later, Phillips flew Whelton and a small team from Purdue to Paradise to assist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that point on, he was really kind of our go-to expert when it came to water contamination,” Phillips said.[aside postID=news_12051854 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-1020x680.jpg']This would not be the last time Whelton would steer a besieged water utility through such a crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three years later, the Marshall Fire plowed through several neighborhoods in the town of Louisville, Colorado. Kurt Kowar, director of public works and utilities in Louisville, said state regulators told him their agency didn’t have the expertise to address this kind of contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they suggested that he call Whelton, whom Kowar then looked up on Twitter. Kowar said Whelton called within a half hour of receiving Kowar’s introductory email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of their conversation, Kowar said he knew what he needed to do next. “That’s when I said, ‘I’m gonna buy you a plane ticket. You’re gonna get on a plane. You’re gonna come here tomorrow, because we got to figure this out.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whelton, who had just returned home from a business trip, immediately headed to the airport, booking a redeye flight on his way there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, Whelton, Louisville water system staff, state regulators and others Whelton had recommended met in a nondescript conference room to make a plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his seat in the back of the room, Whelton noticed their questions were similar to the ones utility staff in Santa Rosa and Paradise had posed when they were going through their respective water contamination crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053454\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C1.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C1-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colorado’s Marshall Fire destroyed some homes while leaving others intact. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hart Van Denburg/Colorado Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This time, Whelton decided to take notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whelton had worked for the U.S. Army on water infrastructure security before going into academia. The experience left him a firm believer in establishing military decision-making frameworks to address emerging disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided to turn their questions into a similarly styled manual for water utility recovery in the aftermath of a wildfire.[aside postID=news_12033286 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/20250312_Stay-Behinds_JB_00010-1020x680.jpg']He started putting together a concept of operations, or CONOPS, plan for water distribution system testing and recovery. The name was a nod to his military experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With funding from the Water Research Foundation, a nonprofit that serves water utilities, Whelton and two other Purdue researchers published the guide in 2024 to help utility managers “get from Point A to Point B with an evidence-based approach,” Whelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines the responsibilities of different parties during disaster response, from water utility staff to public health officials to state drinking water regulators. It also helps utility managers determine their options after a system tests positive for contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the CONOPS, such information was spread out “on websites or in news articles or in people’s heads,” Kowar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA issued a seven-page document in 2021, but it reads like a “high-level guidance,” Kowar said. The CONOPS plan “is a much more thorough, vetted document” that takes the guesswork out of recovery efforts and reflects industry best practices, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2023 wildfires in Maui, the CONOPS plan got its first test run with Whelton, Phillips and Kowar present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no interest in doing this for the next 10 to 20 years,” Whelton said. “We need to train these leaders, operators and engineers in communities to help themselves in times of crises.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘If somebody would have shown me a draft’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2024, California law began requiring water utilities to test for benzene contamination whenever a wildfire of 300 or more acres damaged or destroyed structures connected to a water system. California appears to be the only state with mandated testing after wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Whelton, California’s law is not protective enough because it only requires water systems to test for benzene and not other VOCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053455\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C2.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C2-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VOC contamination tends to occur in areas where water systems lose pressure and structures connected to the water system are damaged. Photo from a flyover of neighborhoods affected by the Marshall Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Hart Van Denburg/Colorado Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea that a single chemical could be “the panacea for a complex issue is bonkers,” he said. “If somebody would have shown me a draft of what actually got promulgated, I would have made clear that the code as written is going to result in potentially unsafe water for people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While benzene is the most common VOC found in water after wildfires, data from previous fires show that other VOCs can contaminate drinking water after wildfires, too. Sometimes those VOCs are present even when benzene isn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This happened in about a quarter of the samples taken after the Marshall Fire, according to Corona Environmental Consulting, a local agency that worked on the response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053681\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrew Whelton holds a piece of fire-damaged water infrastructure in his lab. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Thorp/APM Reports)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the California State Water Resources Control Board who weighed in on the law have said benzene is an adequate indicator for VOC contamination, nevertheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrin Polhemus, deputy director of the state water board’s drinking water division, acknowledged that other VOCs will sometimes show up in samples where benzene is not present. But he said that benzene has the highest signal of all the VOCs based on sampling data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of that, what we believe is that if you can manage for benzene, you’re basically managing for all of them,” Polhemus said, chalking the differences in perspective up to risk perception. “We’re dealing with the practicalities of cost and time and how to manage that compared with getting people back to their homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Whelton disagrees, he said he is glad that “California decided that it’s important that people have their drinking water tested after a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On the ground in Los Angeles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After the January wildfires, Leung, the director of water quality at LAWDP, said his team opted to test for a broad panel of VOCs even though state law only required them to test for benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 482 samples they took, Leung said, VOCs were detected without benzene present about 11 percent of the time, but “at levels far below the drinking water standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023445\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023445\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The remains of a house in Altadena, California, after the Eaton Fire swept through the area northeast of Los Angeles, on Thursday, Jan. 9, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leung said his counterparts at the public water system in Oakland, California, sent him Whelton’s plan in the days after the fires. It was a document Leung said he found himself returning to as he began thinking about the water system’s next steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Screening for and removing wildfire contaminants is “not necessarily intuitive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, water utilities have thought their water systems were clean after analyzing samples taken immediately after flushing, only to have contaminants show up later as chemicals that had adhered to plastic pipes leached back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leung said he took care to make sure that the water sat in the pipes for 72 hours before collecting samples, even though the water system used mostly metal pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said Whelton’s plan helped him understand how different pipe materials absorb, retain and release VOCs, which cleaning strategies to use, and which areas of the water system to prioritize. Since LADWP’s water system had mostly copper, steel and galvanized iron water lines, Leung realized there was less concern about chemicals adhering to pipes.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=news_12034277 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20250328_Zorthian-Ranch_SK_17-1020x680.jpg']This, to Whelton, is proof that the CONOPS plan is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan empowered water utilities in Los Angeles County to address the threat of contamination head-on, Whelton said. “They actually read the plan, they used it, they called us on the telephone or webinar, and then they made decisions for themselves and were able to find their way out of that disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whelton said he worries that some people outside of California may see VOC contamination as “a California problem,” even though wildfires are increasingly intersecting with urban communities because of climate change. And outside of California, it is completely discretionary whether a water system tests for contamination after a wildfire, Whelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Effective disaster response depends on who’s in the room making decisions and the information they have access to, Whelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whelton takes heart in the fact that public servants such as Walton, Phillips and Kowar have “stepped up when they were not legally required to,” and in doing so helped create the CONOPS plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I drove the effort, but it was because of everyone else coming together [that] we were able to deliver,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In 2017, the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa, California, exposed a new threat to public health: Wildfires can contaminate drinking water with toxic chemicals, which federally mandated testing is not designed to catch.",
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"title": "When Wildfires Compromise California's Drinking Water, Utilities Lean on This Professor’s Advice | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2017, after the Tubbs Fire blazed through parts of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California’s\u003c/a> wine country, a Santa Rosa resident returned home to one of the few structures left standing in his fire-scarred neighborhood. He turned on the tap and reported that the water smelled like gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sampling identified the source of the odor as benzene, a compound found in petroleum products. One sample contained 8,000 times the amount of benzene that the Environmental Protection Agency allows in drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After ruling out the usual culprits for benzene contamination, such as a gasoline spill or leaking underground storage tanks, utility staff were left with a startling realization: The wildfire had contaminated the water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, state regulators support and guide how public water systems address contamination. But this threat from wildfire was new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No guidance or protocol existed for Santa Rosa’s water system to follow. Staff at Santa Rosa Water started reaching out to experts with experience responding to chemical spills, including a Purdue University engineering professor named Andrew Whelton. Whelton replied with exceptional interest, said Emma Walton, then a deputy director at the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, at least eight wildfires have contaminated public drinking water systems across the United States, and Whelton has become the de facto national authority on response and recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053442\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/LA_BFeinzimer.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1174\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/LA_BFeinzimer.jpg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/LA_BFeinzimer-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/LA_BFeinzimer-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters spray water onto a burning property in Altadena, California, during the L.A. wildfires earlier this year. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Brian Feinzimer/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He has rushed from his home in Indiana to the side of utility managers from Colorado to Hawaii who were facing some of the most stressful infrastructure crises of their careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has clashed with California regulators over specific protocol and recommended managers test for more contaminants than regulators there require. Last year, Whelton published a blueprint for how water utility staff can look for and decontaminate their systems. Utility managers say it provides a resource in an area where federal and state guidelines are lacking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to describe how complex it was before we had this resource, because you were doing a lot of guessing on what was right and wrong,” said Kurt Kowar, a utility director who sought Whelton’s help in the aftermath of Colorado’s Marshall Fire in 2021. “And now, there’s no more guessing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Leung, director of water quality at Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, said his staff referred to this playbook to make their recovery plan after the LA fires earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with this tool, LADWP was able to restore water service in two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘He wrote back, I think within 30 minutes’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The benzene found in Santa Rosa’s water is one of many VOCs, or volatile organic compounds, that can enter municipal water systems when the buildings they’re connected to are destroyed by wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VOCs are a broad category of chemicals known for their ability to off-gas. They’re found in household and industrial products, including paints, pesticides, dry cleaning agents and petroleum fuels. They also form during natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053565\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053565\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM2-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM2-1536x1115.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purdue professor Andrew Whelton in his office on the school’s campus. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Thorp/APM Reports)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the Tubbs Fires, experts understood that wildfires can contaminate water sources through soil erosion and runoff. Events in Santa Rosa revealed that wildfires can also contaminate water systems at the pipes that bring treated drinking water to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say it works like this: damage to structures and excess demand for water cause depressurization. This creates a vacuum in the distribution system that can pull contaminants into service lines, water mains and connecting fixtures. Plastic pipes can also degrade at high temperatures, causing chemicals in the plastic to leach into the water. The contamination can be distributed unevenly in damaged areas, making it difficult to catch without sufficient sampling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency regulates about 20 VOCs in drinking water that harm human health. Benzene, for example, has been linked to anemia, a decrease in blood platelets, and an increased risk of cancer. The agency limits benzene in drinking water to 5 micrograms per liter.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>California has a lower allowable maximum at 1 microgram per liter. If a million people consumed contaminated drinking water at this concentration over a 70-year period, the chemical would cause between six and seven cases of cancer, according to California regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But national drinking water standards set by the EPA do not account for this newly understood mode of contamination from wildfires. Water utilities routinely monitor for VOCs as the water leaves the treatment plant, upstream of where wildfire contamination is likely to occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, after the Camp Fire engulfed more than 90% of Paradise, California, Kevin Phillips needed answers to some pressing questions. The Paradise Irrigation District had just confirmed the presence of benzene in its water system and Phillips, the district manager, wanted to know if it would permanently contaminate the pipes. A contact at the University of California, Berkeley, suggested his team reach out to Whelton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Whelton] wrote back, I think within 30 minutes, a list of things we should look for and how we go about this,” Phillips said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his response, Whelton recommended that Paradise begin by flushing the distribution network to remove any contaminated water currently in the pipes. But, he cautioned, success depended on the types of materials the water came into contact with, the concentration of chemicals in the water, the water temperature and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053446\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053446\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-2000x1333.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/Paradise_DVenton-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Debris left behind by the Camp Fire in Paradise, California. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Plastics would be my biggest concern,” Whelton wrote. “Once you flush away the contaminated water, chemicals absorbed inside the plastic will then begin to leach out into the clean water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speed at which the chemicals leach out of the plastic determines how long decontamination takes, regardless of flushing, Whelton added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month later, Phillips flew Whelton and a small team from Purdue to Paradise to assist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that point on, he was really kind of our go-to expert when it came to water contamination,” Phillips said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This would not be the last time Whelton would steer a besieged water utility through such a crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three years later, the Marshall Fire plowed through several neighborhoods in the town of Louisville, Colorado. Kurt Kowar, director of public works and utilities in Louisville, said state regulators told him their agency didn’t have the expertise to address this kind of contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they suggested that he call Whelton, whom Kowar then looked up on Twitter. Kowar said Whelton called within a half hour of receiving Kowar’s introductory email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of their conversation, Kowar said he knew what he needed to do next. “That’s when I said, ‘I’m gonna buy you a plane ticket. You’re gonna get on a plane. You’re gonna come here tomorrow, because we got to figure this out.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whelton, who had just returned home from a business trip, immediately headed to the airport, booking a redeye flight on his way there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, Whelton, Louisville water system staff, state regulators and others Whelton had recommended met in a nondescript conference room to make a plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his seat in the back of the room, Whelton noticed their questions were similar to the ones utility staff in Santa Rosa and Paradise had posed when they were going through their respective water contamination crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053454\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C1.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C1-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colorado’s Marshall Fire destroyed some homes while leaving others intact. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hart Van Denburg/Colorado Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This time, Whelton decided to take notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whelton had worked for the U.S. Army on water infrastructure security before going into academia. The experience left him a firm believer in establishing military decision-making frameworks to address emerging disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided to turn their questions into a similarly styled manual for water utility recovery in the aftermath of a wildfire.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He started putting together a concept of operations, or CONOPS, plan for water distribution system testing and recovery. The name was a nod to his military experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With funding from the Water Research Foundation, a nonprofit that serves water utilities, Whelton and two other Purdue researchers published the guide in 2024 to help utility managers “get from Point A to Point B with an evidence-based approach,” Whelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines the responsibilities of different parties during disaster response, from water utility staff to public health officials to state drinking water regulators. It also helps utility managers determine their options after a system tests positive for contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the CONOPS, such information was spread out “on websites or in news articles or in people’s heads,” Kowar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA issued a seven-page document in 2021, but it reads like a “high-level guidance,” Kowar said. The CONOPS plan “is a much more thorough, vetted document” that takes the guesswork out of recovery efforts and reflects industry best practices, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2023 wildfires in Maui, the CONOPS plan got its first test run with Whelton, Phillips and Kowar present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no interest in doing this for the next 10 to 20 years,” Whelton said. “We need to train these leaders, operators and engineers in communities to help themselves in times of crises.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘If somebody would have shown me a draft’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2024, California law began requiring water utilities to test for benzene contamination whenever a wildfire of 300 or more acres damaged or destroyed structures connected to a water system. California appears to be the only state with mandated testing after wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Whelton, California’s law is not protective enough because it only requires water systems to test for benzene and not other VOCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053455\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C2.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/C2-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VOC contamination tends to occur in areas where water systems lose pressure and structures connected to the water system are damaged. Photo from a flyover of neighborhoods affected by the Marshall Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Hart Van Denburg/Colorado Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea that a single chemical could be “the panacea for a complex issue is bonkers,” he said. “If somebody would have shown me a draft of what actually got promulgated, I would have made clear that the code as written is going to result in potentially unsafe water for people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While benzene is the most common VOC found in water after wildfires, data from previous fires show that other VOCs can contaminate drinking water after wildfires, too. Sometimes those VOCs are present even when benzene isn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This happened in about a quarter of the samples taken after the Marshall Fire, according to Corona Environmental Consulting, a local agency that worked on the response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053681\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/WildfiresAPM3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrew Whelton holds a piece of fire-damaged water infrastructure in his lab. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Thorp/APM Reports)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the California State Water Resources Control Board who weighed in on the law have said benzene is an adequate indicator for VOC contamination, nevertheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrin Polhemus, deputy director of the state water board’s drinking water division, acknowledged that other VOCs will sometimes show up in samples where benzene is not present. But he said that benzene has the highest signal of all the VOCs based on sampling data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of that, what we believe is that if you can manage for benzene, you’re basically managing for all of them,” Polhemus said, chalking the differences in perspective up to risk perception. “We’re dealing with the practicalities of cost and time and how to manage that compared with getting people back to their homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Whelton disagrees, he said he is glad that “California decided that it’s important that people have their drinking water tested after a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On the ground in Los Angeles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After the January wildfires, Leung, the director of water quality at LAWDP, said his team opted to test for a broad panel of VOCs even though state law only required them to test for benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 482 samples they took, Leung said, VOCs were detected without benzene present about 11 percent of the time, but “at levels far below the drinking water standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023445\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023445\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/240109-CAWindStorm-075_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The remains of a house in Altadena, California, after the Eaton Fire swept through the area northeast of Los Angeles, on Thursday, Jan. 9, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leung said his counterparts at the public water system in Oakland, California, sent him Whelton’s plan in the days after the fires. It was a document Leung said he found himself returning to as he began thinking about the water system’s next steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Screening for and removing wildfire contaminants is “not necessarily intuitive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, water utilities have thought their water systems were clean after analyzing samples taken immediately after flushing, only to have contaminants show up later as chemicals that had adhered to plastic pipes leached back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leung said he took care to make sure that the water sat in the pipes for 72 hours before collecting samples, even though the water system used mostly metal pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said Whelton’s plan helped him understand how different pipe materials absorb, retain and release VOCs, which cleaning strategies to use, and which areas of the water system to prioritize. Since LADWP’s water system had mostly copper, steel and galvanized iron water lines, Leung realized there was less concern about chemicals adhering to pipes.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This, to Whelton, is proof that the CONOPS plan is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan empowered water utilities in Los Angeles County to address the threat of contamination head-on, Whelton said. “They actually read the plan, they used it, they called us on the telephone or webinar, and then they made decisions for themselves and were able to find their way out of that disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whelton said he worries that some people outside of California may see VOC contamination as “a California problem,” even though wildfires are increasingly intersecting with urban communities because of climate change. And outside of California, it is completely discretionary whether a water system tests for contamination after a wildfire, Whelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Effective disaster response depends on who’s in the room making decisions and the information they have access to, Whelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whelton takes heart in the fact that public servants such as Walton, Phillips and Kowar have “stepped up when they were not legally required to,” and in doing so helped create the CONOPS plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I drove the effort, but it was because of everyone else coming together [that] we were able to deliver,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Judge to Rule Whether Trump’s Use of Troops in LA Violated Federal Law",
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"content": "\u003cp>Attorneys for the state and federal governments gave their final arguments on Wednesday over the legality of President Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051797/california-argues-trumps-use-of-troops-in-l-a-violated-federal-law\">ongoing deployment of the National Guard\u003c/a> in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-day court hearing wrapped up the day after Trump announced he could send National Guard troops to other U.S. cities, such as Washington, D.C., and Oakland, to address local crime rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, California Attorney General Rob Bonta sued the Trump Administration over the mobilization of around 4,000 California National Guard members and 700 Marines to Los Angeles to clamp down on protests against immigration enforcement raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closing arguments hinged on whether the president violated a federal law restricting the use of the U.S. military for domestic law enforcement purposes, the Posse Comitatus Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a president who, over the wishes of the local officials, is deciding to send in the National Guard, saying things are terrible on the ground,” said Jessica Levinson, professor at Loyola Law School, on KQED’s Political Breakdown. “For California, what they’re arguing in this case is essentially, do you have the power to send in the troops? And once the troops are here, did they violate the Posse Comitatus Act?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046313\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomGetty2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks after U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer granted an emergency temporary restraining order to stop President Trump’s deployment of the California National Guard, on Thursday, June 12, 2025, at the California State Supreme Court building in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Santiago Mejia/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Senior District Judge Charles R. Breyer is expected to decide in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The judge will do some line drawing to say, ‘I understand the line between what is acceptable for the federal government to do with the Marines and National Guard and what’s not acceptable,’ and then will say there is evidence of if they did or did not cross that line,” said David Levine, professor of law at UC Law San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. attorneys argued that Trump adhered to federal law that prohibits presidents from ordering the military to enforce law domestically, with few exceptions, by limiting military actions to protecting federal officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy Assistant Attorney General Eric Hamilton described protests in Los Angeles as a “rebellion” and deemed them a risk.[aside postID=news_12051699 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/AP25221029877312-2000x1333.jpg']Breyer said the reasoning behind the order was vague, and asked attorneys to define legal limits on the president sending the military in to enforce federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to see federal officers everywhere if the president determines there’s risk,” Breyer said. “There’s a big difference between a violation of the law and the inability to address the violation of the law by (local) law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what police officers do every day. They walk the streets, they see violations of the law, and they take appropriate actions that they can take. Is there any evidence that local law enforcement, the SWAT teams or any local law enforcement were unable to enforce the law?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 300 troops are still stationed in California, down from more than 4,000 earlier this spring. California argued the deployment violated state police power and is asking Judge Breyer to order the Trump administration to return control of the remaining troops to Gov. Gavin Newsom. The governor is the commander-in-chief of each state’s National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are rare instances where the president has taken state resources and federalized them, “most of the time it’s with [the state in] cooperation during an emergency,” Levine said, pointing to incidents like Hurricane Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Deputy Attorney General Meghan Strong argued that recent incidents, such as when National Guard soldiers in Humvees arrived at Los Angeles’s MacArthur Park this July, lacked a clear cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11903923\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11903923\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/Crosswalk2-scaled-e1643926956960.jpg\" alt=\"A lone person crossing a broad street, with the sun rising behind her.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman crosses a large boulevard in Los Angeles’ MacArthur Park neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Saul Gonzalez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The action “harms quasi-sovereign interest in the health and wellbeing of residents … Shows of force like that in MacArthur Park are designed to strike fear in civilians so they will obey and comply with law enforcement and military commands alike,” Strong said. “The operations that the federal government and the military were engaging in escalated tensions and caused further harm to the state and its civilians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts following the case closely say this is a unique case that has not been tested before in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution limits presidential and military power on domestic soil in the Third Amendment. But, “besides the Third Amendment, the president has huge amounts of power over the military,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Posse Comitatus Act is a relic of the Reconstruction period, passed after several southern states sought to prohibit the federal government from using the military to protect recently freed slaves after the Emancipation Proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, both parties argued whether a federal judge has the authority to rein in the president’s use of the military domestically. The defendants argued that the state has no standing to base their case on Posse Comitatus because it falls under federal criminal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong said on Tuesday that the military could assist federal law enforcement at any time danger may be present and can protect federal buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome of California’s lawsuit against Trump for deploying troops in Los Angeles, however, may not necessarily establish precedent in other jurisdictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever Breyer rules, it’s only binding on these parties, and could be persuasive in other legal cases, but not binding,” Levine said. “The president hasn’t yet moved into Republican controlled states. If he moves into Houston, he’ll have an eager conversation with Gov. Abbot. Until we get to another blue state, we might not face this problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/bkrans\">Brian Krans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/jsmall\">Julie Small\u003c/a> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Attorneys for the State of California argued that President Trump bulldozed a federal law restricting the use of the U.S. military for domestic law enforcement purposes.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Attorneys for the state and federal governments gave their final arguments on Wednesday over the legality of President Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051797/california-argues-trumps-use-of-troops-in-l-a-violated-federal-law\">ongoing deployment of the National Guard\u003c/a> in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-day court hearing wrapped up the day after Trump announced he could send National Guard troops to other U.S. cities, such as Washington, D.C., and Oakland, to address local crime rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, California Attorney General Rob Bonta sued the Trump Administration over the mobilization of around 4,000 California National Guard members and 700 Marines to Los Angeles to clamp down on protests against immigration enforcement raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closing arguments hinged on whether the president violated a federal law restricting the use of the U.S. military for domestic law enforcement purposes, the Posse Comitatus Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a president who, over the wishes of the local officials, is deciding to send in the National Guard, saying things are terrible on the ground,” said Jessica Levinson, professor at Loyola Law School, on KQED’s Political Breakdown. “For California, what they’re arguing in this case is essentially, do you have the power to send in the troops? And once the troops are here, did they violate the Posse Comitatus Act?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046313\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomGetty2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks after U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer granted an emergency temporary restraining order to stop President Trump’s deployment of the California National Guard, on Thursday, June 12, 2025, at the California State Supreme Court building in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Santiago Mejia/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Senior District Judge Charles R. Breyer is expected to decide in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The judge will do some line drawing to say, ‘I understand the line between what is acceptable for the federal government to do with the Marines and National Guard and what’s not acceptable,’ and then will say there is evidence of if they did or did not cross that line,” said David Levine, professor of law at UC Law San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. attorneys argued that Trump adhered to federal law that prohibits presidents from ordering the military to enforce law domestically, with few exceptions, by limiting military actions to protecting federal officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy Assistant Attorney General Eric Hamilton described protests in Los Angeles as a “rebellion” and deemed them a risk.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Breyer said the reasoning behind the order was vague, and asked attorneys to define legal limits on the president sending the military in to enforce federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to see federal officers everywhere if the president determines there’s risk,” Breyer said. “There’s a big difference between a violation of the law and the inability to address the violation of the law by (local) law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what police officers do every day. They walk the streets, they see violations of the law, and they take appropriate actions that they can take. Is there any evidence that local law enforcement, the SWAT teams or any local law enforcement were unable to enforce the law?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 300 troops are still stationed in California, down from more than 4,000 earlier this spring. California argued the deployment violated state police power and is asking Judge Breyer to order the Trump administration to return control of the remaining troops to Gov. Gavin Newsom. The governor is the commander-in-chief of each state’s National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are rare instances where the president has taken state resources and federalized them, “most of the time it’s with [the state in] cooperation during an emergency,” Levine said, pointing to incidents like Hurricane Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Deputy Attorney General Meghan Strong argued that recent incidents, such as when National Guard soldiers in Humvees arrived at Los Angeles’s MacArthur Park this July, lacked a clear cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11903923\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11903923\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/Crosswalk2-scaled-e1643926956960.jpg\" alt=\"A lone person crossing a broad street, with the sun rising behind her.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman crosses a large boulevard in Los Angeles’ MacArthur Park neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Saul Gonzalez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The action “harms quasi-sovereign interest in the health and wellbeing of residents … Shows of force like that in MacArthur Park are designed to strike fear in civilians so they will obey and comply with law enforcement and military commands alike,” Strong said. “The operations that the federal government and the military were engaging in escalated tensions and caused further harm to the state and its civilians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts following the case closely say this is a unique case that has not been tested before in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution limits presidential and military power on domestic soil in the Third Amendment. But, “besides the Third Amendment, the president has huge amounts of power over the military,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Posse Comitatus Act is a relic of the Reconstruction period, passed after several southern states sought to prohibit the federal government from using the military to protect recently freed slaves after the Emancipation Proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, both parties argued whether a federal judge has the authority to rein in the president’s use of the military domestically. The defendants argued that the state has no standing to base their case on Posse Comitatus because it falls under federal criminal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong said on Tuesday that the military could assist federal law enforcement at any time danger may be present and can protect federal buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome of California’s lawsuit against Trump for deploying troops in Los Angeles, however, may not necessarily establish precedent in other jurisdictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever Breyer rules, it’s only binding on these parties, and could be persuasive in other legal cases, but not binding,” Levine said. “The president hasn’t yet moved into Republican controlled states. If he moves into Houston, he’ll have an eager conversation with Gov. Abbot. Until we get to another blue state, we might not face this problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/bkrans\">Brian Krans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/jsmall\">Julie Small\u003c/a> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Local Health Providers Prepare For Medi-Cal Cuts",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Monday, August 11, 2025…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Local healthcare providers are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2025-08-08/theres-parts-of-this-we-just-cant-prepare-for-local-health-providers-brace-for-medicaid-cuts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bracing for Medicaid cuts\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> under a new federal spending law. They say the cuts will impact their ability to care for low-income patients.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration is holding children in facilities along the border with Mexico– for longer periods than ever before. That’s according to a federal judge in LA, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-immigration-detention-children-flores-settlement-91b9d5e1d7c6f6e06d775b952bbb4ae5\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">who suggested\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that could threaten the government’s push to end a decades-long agreement protecting children in immigration custody.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lawyers for California and the Trump administration are set to meet in federal court Monday. In question is whether the federal government violated the law when it \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-trump-national-guard-lawsuit-924491849641549828c4f52a41d54e6b\">deployed the National Guard and U.S. Marines\u003c/a> to Los Angeles in June.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArtP-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2025-08-08/theres-parts-of-this-we-just-cant-prepare-for-local-health-providers-brace-for-medicaid-cuts\">\u003cstrong>“There’s Parts Of This We Just Can’t Prepare For.” Health Providers Brace For Medicaid Cuts\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Local health providers are bracing for Medicaid cuts under the new federal spending law. They say the cuts will impact their ability to care for low-income patients, potentially leading to financial strain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Raíces y Cariño, a community center in Watsonville, 39-year-old Cordelia (last name withheld to protect her privacy) watches her sons bounce on trampolines in the play room. She often brings the kids in after finishing her shift picking blackberries at a nearby farm. “By bringing them here, I’m also saving money and food at home, and that helps a lot,” she said in her native Mixteco. “And, the kids can come and distract themselves and have fun for a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raíces y Cariño provides \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.rcfam.com/information-in-english/about-us%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>support\u003c/u>\u003c/a> for low-income families, especially farmworkers like Cordelia, by offering family recreational activities and community health services including doula support. Families donate what they can – up to $5 monthly, and the rest is covered by Medicaid, called Medi-Cal in California, which provides health insurance to millions of low-income people. Raíces y Cariño founder Nora Yerena is worried the cuts to Medi-Cal could mean they struggle to provide services for families like Cordelia’s. “It is a very serious risk that I’m aware of and fear that if we can’t have sustained funding for what we’re doing, it won’t exist,” Yerena said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>H.R.1\u003c/u>\u003c/a>\u003cu>,\u003c/u> signed by President Donald Trump in July, slash federal Medicaid funding by about $1 trillion over the next 10 years. The new law includes work requirements for adults and those who fail to meet them will not qualify for insurance. According to an analysis by health non-profit KFF, an estimated 1.7 million people in California will become \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.kff.org/affordable-care-act/issue-brief/how-will-the-2025-reconciliation-bill-affect-the-uninsured-rate-in-each-state-allocating-cbos-estimates-of-coverage-loss/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>uninsured\u003c/u>\u003c/a> by 2034, once the changes take effect. And when this happens, thousands in Central California could lose their individual healthcare coverage. That creates a lot of uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"Page-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-immigration-detention-children-flores-settlement-91b9d5e1d7c6f6e06d775b952bbb4ae5\">\u003cstrong>Judge Weighs Trump Administration’s Request To End Protections For Immigrant Children\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A judge on Friday was considering a Trump administration request to end a decades-old policy on protections for immigrant children in federal custody that the government says is inhibiting its immigration crackdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration asked U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee in Los Angeles during a hearing to \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-child-migrants-protection-flores-trump-dhs-be793b0c864bd9a7ff593356a6f01f28\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">dissolve the policy\u003c/a>\u003c/span>, which limits how long Customs and Border Protection can hold immigrant children and requires them to be kept in safe and sanitary conditions. Gee, who oversees what is known as the Flores agreement, expressed skepticism at the government’s request but did not immediately issue a ruling. It was not clear how soon she will rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge pressed government attorney Joshua McCroskey on why President Donald Trump’s administration was holding children at the border for longer than the 72 hours laid out in the agreement when border arrests have reached record lows. She said it seems like conditions should be improving but they “are deteriorating.” McCroskey said some children are being held for longer because Trump as part of his crackdown ended the Biden administration’s policy that allowed expedited releases of immigrants. McCroskey also pointed to logistical challenges that resulted from the closure of temporary facilities that were set up under President Joe Biden to handle an influx of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, CBP held 46 children over a week, including six children held for over two weeks and four children held 19 days, according to data revealed in a court filing. In March and April, CPB reported that it had 213 children in custody for more than 72 hours. That included 14 children, including toddlers, who were held for over 20 days in April. Advocates for immigrant children asked the judge to keep protections and oversight in place and \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/migrants-child-supervision-texas-e4994b2b6786717ea79a4be230e476bf\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">submitted accounts\u003c/a>\u003c/span> from immigrants in Texas family detention centers who described adults fighting children for clean water, despondent toddlers and a child with swollen feet who was denied a medical exam. The advocates also want the judge to expand independent monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"Page-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-trump-national-guard-lawsuit-924491849641549828c4f52a41d54e6b\">\u003cstrong>Trial To Start On Whether Deployment Of National Guard To LA Violated Federal Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting Monday, a federal judge in San Francisco will consider evidence and hear arguments on whether the Trump administration violated federal law when it \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/los-angeles-protests-national-guard-trump-14c9dda32663d7d2c45f2b1c5a1d219c\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">deployed National Guard soldiers\u003c/a>\u003c/span> and U.S. Marines to Los Angeles following protests over immigration raids this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration federalized California National Guard members and sent them to LA over the objections of Gov. Gavin Newsom and city leaders, after \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-raids-los-angeles-f8c4160e32be0ff77c5d4bf0ccef98cc\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">protests erupted June 7\u003c/a>\u003c/span> when Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers arrested people at multiple locations. California is asking Judge Charles Breyer to order the Trump administration to return control of the remaining troops to the state and to stop the federal government from using military troops in California “to execute or assist in the execution of federal law or any civilian law enforcement functions by any federal agent or officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1878 Posse Comitatus Act prevents the president from using the military as a domestic police force. The case could set precedent for how Trump can deploy the guard in the future in California or other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense ordered the deployment of roughly 4,000 California National Guard troops and 700 Marines. Most of the troops have since left but \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-los-angeles-immigration-raids-protests-8f668f3fbfd2a8b1f1408db840e9864d\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">250 National Guard members remain\u003c/a>\u003c/span>, according to the latest figures provided by the Pentagon. The remaining troops are at the Joint Forces Training Base, in Los Alamitos, according to Newsom\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Monday, August 11, 2025…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Local healthcare providers are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2025-08-08/theres-parts-of-this-we-just-cant-prepare-for-local-health-providers-brace-for-medicaid-cuts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bracing for Medicaid cuts\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> under a new federal spending law. They say the cuts will impact their ability to care for low-income patients.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration is holding children in facilities along the border with Mexico– for longer periods than ever before. That’s according to a federal judge in LA, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-immigration-detention-children-flores-settlement-91b9d5e1d7c6f6e06d775b952bbb4ae5\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">who suggested\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that could threaten the government’s push to end a decades-long agreement protecting children in immigration custody.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lawyers for California and the Trump administration are set to meet in federal court Monday. In question is whether the federal government violated the law when it \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-trump-national-guard-lawsuit-924491849641549828c4f52a41d54e6b\">deployed the National Guard and U.S. Marines\u003c/a> to Los Angeles in June.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArtP-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2025-08-08/theres-parts-of-this-we-just-cant-prepare-for-local-health-providers-brace-for-medicaid-cuts\">\u003cstrong>“There’s Parts Of This We Just Can’t Prepare For.” Health Providers Brace For Medicaid Cuts\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Local health providers are bracing for Medicaid cuts under the new federal spending law. They say the cuts will impact their ability to care for low-income patients, potentially leading to financial strain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Raíces y Cariño, a community center in Watsonville, 39-year-old Cordelia (last name withheld to protect her privacy) watches her sons bounce on trampolines in the play room. She often brings the kids in after finishing her shift picking blackberries at a nearby farm. “By bringing them here, I’m also saving money and food at home, and that helps a lot,” she said in her native Mixteco. “And, the kids can come and distract themselves and have fun for a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raíces y Cariño provides \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.rcfam.com/information-in-english/about-us%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>support\u003c/u>\u003c/a> for low-income families, especially farmworkers like Cordelia, by offering family recreational activities and community health services including doula support. Families donate what they can – up to $5 monthly, and the rest is covered by Medicaid, called Medi-Cal in California, which provides health insurance to millions of low-income people. Raíces y Cariño founder Nora Yerena is worried the cuts to Medi-Cal could mean they struggle to provide services for families like Cordelia’s. “It is a very serious risk that I’m aware of and fear that if we can’t have sustained funding for what we’re doing, it won’t exist,” Yerena said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>H.R.1\u003c/u>\u003c/a>\u003cu>,\u003c/u> signed by President Donald Trump in July, slash federal Medicaid funding by about $1 trillion over the next 10 years. The new law includes work requirements for adults and those who fail to meet them will not qualify for insurance. According to an analysis by health non-profit KFF, an estimated 1.7 million people in California will become \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.kff.org/affordable-care-act/issue-brief/how-will-the-2025-reconciliation-bill-affect-the-uninsured-rate-in-each-state-allocating-cbos-estimates-of-coverage-loss/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>uninsured\u003c/u>\u003c/a> by 2034, once the changes take effect. And when this happens, thousands in Central California could lose their individual healthcare coverage. That creates a lot of uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"Page-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-immigration-detention-children-flores-settlement-91b9d5e1d7c6f6e06d775b952bbb4ae5\">\u003cstrong>Judge Weighs Trump Administration’s Request To End Protections For Immigrant Children\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A judge on Friday was considering a Trump administration request to end a decades-old policy on protections for immigrant children in federal custody that the government says is inhibiting its immigration crackdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration asked U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee in Los Angeles during a hearing to \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-child-migrants-protection-flores-trump-dhs-be793b0c864bd9a7ff593356a6f01f28\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">dissolve the policy\u003c/a>\u003c/span>, which limits how long Customs and Border Protection can hold immigrant children and requires them to be kept in safe and sanitary conditions. Gee, who oversees what is known as the Flores agreement, expressed skepticism at the government’s request but did not immediately issue a ruling. It was not clear how soon she will rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge pressed government attorney Joshua McCroskey on why President Donald Trump’s administration was holding children at the border for longer than the 72 hours laid out in the agreement when border arrests have reached record lows. She said it seems like conditions should be improving but they “are deteriorating.” McCroskey said some children are being held for longer because Trump as part of his crackdown ended the Biden administration’s policy that allowed expedited releases of immigrants. McCroskey also pointed to logistical challenges that resulted from the closure of temporary facilities that were set up under President Joe Biden to handle an influx of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, CBP held 46 children over a week, including six children held for over two weeks and four children held 19 days, according to data revealed in a court filing. In March and April, CPB reported that it had 213 children in custody for more than 72 hours. That included 14 children, including toddlers, who were held for over 20 days in April. Advocates for immigrant children asked the judge to keep protections and oversight in place and \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/migrants-child-supervision-texas-e4994b2b6786717ea79a4be230e476bf\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">submitted accounts\u003c/a>\u003c/span> from immigrants in Texas family detention centers who described adults fighting children for clean water, despondent toddlers and a child with swollen feet who was denied a medical exam. The advocates also want the judge to expand independent monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"Page-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-trump-national-guard-lawsuit-924491849641549828c4f52a41d54e6b\">\u003cstrong>Trial To Start On Whether Deployment Of National Guard To LA Violated Federal Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting Monday, a federal judge in San Francisco will consider evidence and hear arguments on whether the Trump administration violated federal law when it \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/los-angeles-protests-national-guard-trump-14c9dda32663d7d2c45f2b1c5a1d219c\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">deployed National Guard soldiers\u003c/a>\u003c/span> and U.S. Marines to Los Angeles following protests over immigration raids this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration federalized California National Guard members and sent them to LA over the objections of Gov. Gavin Newsom and city leaders, after \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-raids-los-angeles-f8c4160e32be0ff77c5d4bf0ccef98cc\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">protests erupted June 7\u003c/a>\u003c/span> when Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers arrested people at multiple locations. California is asking Judge Charles Breyer to order the Trump administration to return control of the remaining troops to the state and to stop the federal government from using military troops in California “to execute or assist in the execution of federal law or any civilian law enforcement functions by any federal agent or officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1878 Posse Comitatus Act prevents the president from using the military as a domestic police force. The case could set precedent for how Trump can deploy the guard in the future in California or other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense ordered the deployment of roughly 4,000 California National Guard troops and 700 Marines. Most of the troops have since left but \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-los-angeles-immigration-raids-protests-8f668f3fbfd2a8b1f1408db840e9864d\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">250 National Guard members remain\u003c/a>\u003c/span>, according to the latest figures provided by the Pentagon. The remaining troops are at the Joint Forces Training Base, in Los Alamitos, according to Newsom\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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