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"content": "\u003cp>Mike Martin and his family were looking for their next home in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/east-bay\">East Bay\u003c/a> when a listing came open on Thompson Avenue, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/alameda\">Alameda\u003c/a>’s “Christmas Tree Lane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin had long been taking his kids to the residential street, which has been going all-out on Christmas decorations since 1938.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were like, ‘Oh my goodness, are we up for this?’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, they were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years later, Martin’s decorative toy factory — the “Wrap-O-Matic,” which shuttles toy parts to be assembled and then wrapped in a magic box and ready for Santa’s delivery — is an Alameda Christmas Tree Lane staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This neighborhood is among a handful in the Bay Area that will be lit up all month long for the holiday season, welcoming those looking to get into the Christmas spirit to come on by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066791\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Martin sits with his handmade Wrap-o-Matic holiday display in front of his home on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Being able to share this with thousands of people that come through the street is really special,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a village to keep the Christmas spirit alive on these festive streets, and that includes those who visit to enjoy the experience. Read on for some helpful suggestions, and depending on the night you drop by, you may even get to meet Santa Claus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just remember: Drive slowly and expect traffic along the holiday-themed streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Christmas Tree Lane in Alameda\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thompson Avenue\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin and his neighbors decorate their houses independently, but he said they do get together to make sure they all turn on their lights on the same day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said they also coordinate with Santa, who sits in his red sleigh in the road’s median every night from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. until Dec. 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066790\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holiday lights cover a home on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While greeting families and handing out candy canes, Santa said his elves are “hard at work” at the North Pole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those elves pulled together,” he said. “We’ve got Christmas in the bag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066793\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-14-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-14-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-14-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-14-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A holiday display sits in front of a home on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But he won’t be there to hand out candy canes on Christmas Eve. “Of course, the 24th, he is too busy,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin said the street’s business ramps up significantly as Christmas Day nears, so come soon if you’re hoping for a quieter visit — or delay until the week before the holiday to join in on the busiest, most festive time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Christmas Tree Lane in Santa Rosa\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hermit Way and Hartley Drive\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as Mark Gibbons knows, the two streets that comprise Santa Rosa’s Christmas Tree Lane have been in the holiday spirit since they were first built in the ’50s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you purchase a house on these two streets here, you’ll typically find the previous person’s decorations for outside,” Gibbons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066792\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Tagle Family meet Santa Claus on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When he moved in, he found a bunch of deer and a large Santa wooden cutout, the former of which they still have and display today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real event is Gibbons’ commitment to playing Santa — after he moved to the area and realized that the former Santa had moved on to other commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066794\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066794\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-15-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-15-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-15-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-15-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Menorah sits inside a gingerbread house on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My father in the UK has for many, many years portrayed Santa at Christmastime, and so I just thought: ‘Why not take on the mantle of doing it and bring it back?’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Gibbons said he’ll be out as Santa on Dec. 19 and 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More festive neighborhoods in the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://crippsmasplace.org/\">\u003cstrong>Crippsmas Place\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> in Fremont\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candy canes will be handed out nightly from 6 to 10 p.m. until Dec. 27. A full schedule of events, including appearances from Santa and Mrs. Claus, is available \u003ca href=\"https://www.crippsmasplace.org/vip-visitors-to-crippsmas-place/\">here\u003c/a>. Carolers are welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066799\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066799\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-29-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-29-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-29-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-29-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A holiday Charlie Brown display sits in front of a home on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://casadelpomba.com/\">\u003cstrong>Deacon Dave’s\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> in Livermore\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s theme is “Storyland Christmas.” The display is open weeknights 6 to 9 p.m. and weekends 6 to 10 p.m. There are no public restrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofsancarlos.org/community/eucalyptus_ave_holiday_lights.php\">\u003cstrong>Christmas Tree Lane\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> in San Carlos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One-way traffic is in place on Eucalyptus Avenue between Dec. 2 and Dec. 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overflow parking is available every weekend in December at Arroyo School at 1710 Arroyo Ave. Security will be present on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Swing by any evening this month, and you may even catch a glimpse of Santa Claus himself.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mike Martin and his family were looking for their next home in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/east-bay\">East Bay\u003c/a> when a listing came open on Thompson Avenue, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/alameda\">Alameda\u003c/a>’s “Christmas Tree Lane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin had long been taking his kids to the residential street, which has been going all-out on Christmas decorations since 1938.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were like, ‘Oh my goodness, are we up for this?’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, they were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years later, Martin’s decorative toy factory — the “Wrap-O-Matic,” which shuttles toy parts to be assembled and then wrapped in a magic box and ready for Santa’s delivery — is an Alameda Christmas Tree Lane staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This neighborhood is among a handful in the Bay Area that will be lit up all month long for the holiday season, welcoming those looking to get into the Christmas spirit to come on by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066791\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Martin sits with his handmade Wrap-o-Matic holiday display in front of his home on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Being able to share this with thousands of people that come through the street is really special,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a village to keep the Christmas spirit alive on these festive streets, and that includes those who visit to enjoy the experience. Read on for some helpful suggestions, and depending on the night you drop by, you may even get to meet Santa Claus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just remember: Drive slowly and expect traffic along the holiday-themed streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Christmas Tree Lane in Alameda\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thompson Avenue\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin and his neighbors decorate their houses independently, but he said they do get together to make sure they all turn on their lights on the same day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said they also coordinate with Santa, who sits in his red sleigh in the road’s median every night from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. until Dec. 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066790\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holiday lights cover a home on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While greeting families and handing out candy canes, Santa said his elves are “hard at work” at the North Pole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those elves pulled together,” he said. “We’ve got Christmas in the bag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066793\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-14-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-14-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-14-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-14-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A holiday display sits in front of a home on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But he won’t be there to hand out candy canes on Christmas Eve. “Of course, the 24th, he is too busy,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin said the street’s business ramps up significantly as Christmas Day nears, so come soon if you’re hoping for a quieter visit — or delay until the week before the holiday to join in on the busiest, most festive time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Christmas Tree Lane in Santa Rosa\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hermit Way and Hartley Drive\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as Mark Gibbons knows, the two streets that comprise Santa Rosa’s Christmas Tree Lane have been in the holiday spirit since they were first built in the ’50s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you purchase a house on these two streets here, you’ll typically find the previous person’s decorations for outside,” Gibbons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066792\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Tagle Family meet Santa Claus on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When he moved in, he found a bunch of deer and a large Santa wooden cutout, the former of which they still have and display today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real event is Gibbons’ commitment to playing Santa — after he moved to the area and realized that the former Santa had moved on to other commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066794\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066794\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-15-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-15-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-15-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-15-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Menorah sits inside a gingerbread house on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My father in the UK has for many, many years portrayed Santa at Christmastime, and so I just thought: ‘Why not take on the mantle of doing it and bring it back?’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Gibbons said he’ll be out as Santa on Dec. 19 and 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More festive neighborhoods in the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://crippsmasplace.org/\">\u003cstrong>Crippsmas Place\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> in Fremont\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candy canes will be handed out nightly from 6 to 10 p.m. until Dec. 27. A full schedule of events, including appearances from Santa and Mrs. Claus, is available \u003ca href=\"https://www.crippsmasplace.org/vip-visitors-to-crippsmas-place/\">here\u003c/a>. Carolers are welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066799\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066799\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-29-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-29-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-29-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251210-HOLIDAYLIGHTS-29-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A holiday Charlie Brown display sits in front of a home on Christmas Tree Lane on the 3200 block of Thompson Avenue in Alameda on Dec. 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://casadelpomba.com/\">\u003cstrong>Deacon Dave’s\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> in Livermore\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s theme is “Storyland Christmas.” The display is open weeknights 6 to 9 p.m. and weekends 6 to 10 p.m. There are no public restrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofsancarlos.org/community/eucalyptus_ave_holiday_lights.php\">\u003cstrong>Christmas Tree Lane\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> in San Carlos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One-way traffic is in place on Eucalyptus Avenue between Dec. 2 and Dec. 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overflow parking is available every weekend in December at Arroyo School at 1710 Arroyo Ave. Security will be present on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "tesla-dodges-class-action-case-now-faces-hundreds-of-individual-race-harassment-claims",
"title": "Tesla Dodges Class Action Case, Now Faces Hundreds of Individual Race-Harassment Claims",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California state judge has ruled that more than 14,000 Black workers who alleged racial harassment at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tesla\">Tesla\u003c/a>’s flagship assembly plant in Fremont cannot sue as a class, meaning the company is likely to face a flood of individual lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Superior Court Judge Peter Borkon’s Friday\u003ca href=\"https://tmsnrt.rs/3XzzhNU\"> ruling,\u003c/a> the 2017 lawsuit cannot move forward as a class action because lawyers for the plaintiffs were unable to find 200 randomly sampled class members willing to forgo a few days of wages to testify ahead of a trial scheduled for 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borkon said he did not trust that the jury would be able to “reliably extrapolate from the experiences of the trial witnesses to the 14,000 members of the class as a whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An infinitesimal number of the workers have testified,” Stanford Law School professor emeritus William Gould IV, a former National Labor Relations Board chairman, told KQED. Tesla “has superior resources, and plaintiffs need the class action to really get the defendant’s attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The named plaintiff, former assembly line worker Marcus Vaughn, alleged that Black workers at the Fremont facility were subjected to a range of racist conduct, including slurs, graffiti and nooses hung at their workstations. Vaughn said that line workers and supervisors alike referred to him using a slur on a regular basis and that Tesla did not investigate after he complained in writing to the human resources department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Vaughn said, Tesla fired him for “not having a positive attitude” six months after he started the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11992305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11992305\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1265\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont-1536x1012.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A row of new Tesla Superchargers seen outside of the Tesla Factory on Aug. 16, 2013, in Fremont, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ruling is a meaningful legal victory for Tesla, but the company still faces multiple lawsuits alleging pervasive race discrimination and other forms of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101854776/foreign-workers-at-tesla-spotlight-a-visa-system-vulnerable-to-fraud\">worker mistreatment\u003c/a> at its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662641/tesla-says-its-factory-is-safer-but-it-left-injuries-off-the-books\">Fremont factory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which enforces federal anti-discrimination laws, has also brought \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/legal/tesla-appears-unlikely-nix-us-suit-alleging-bias-against-black-workers-2024-03-28/\">race discrimination claims\u003c/a> against Tesla in federal court in California, and state regulators at the California Department of Fair Employment & Housing \u003ca href=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/tesla-sued-over-disturbing-reports-of-workplace-ra\">are suing\u003c/a> in Alameda County Superior Court. The company has\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-settles-black-employees-lawsuit-alleging-pervasive-harassment-2025-04-17/\"> settled other race discrimination lawsuits\u003c/a> involving individual plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the class-action denial, plaintiffs’ lawyers said they intend to press on with a host of individual lawsuits. They’ve already filed more than 500 and plan to eventually file more than 900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tesla has jumped out of the frying pan and into the fire with this decertification, because they are now facing hundreds of victims of race harassment seeking damages in their own suits,” wrote the plaintiffs’ co-lead counsel Bryan J. Schwartz.[aside postID=news_12063980 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231005-TRUCK-GETTY-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Tesla and its attorneys did not respond to requests for comment on Monday, but the board has stated to investors that the company remains “committed to creating and maintaining a respectful and inclusive workplace, and the steps we have taken to prevent and address harassment and discrimination throughout our workforce, and will continue to challenge and defend ourselves against any allegations to the contrary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s performance at the electric vehicle maker has been both celebrated and dogged by persistent reports of erratic behavior. But at least as regards labor law, his largely \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101907450/lawsuits-against-national-labor-relations-board-could-cloud-future-of-organized-labor\">successful pushback\u003c/a> against the National Labor Relations Board’s attempts to rein in labor practices at his various companies is widely seen as indicating a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101911701/federal-workers-face-new-round-of-layoffs-as-labor-rights-under-attack\">troubled future for the NLRB\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have prominent people that are close to the White House saying that, really, employment discrimination laws should not have existed in the first place,” said Gould, the Stanford law professor emeritus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould said many employees following news headlines may steer clear of lawsuits like Vaughn et al v. Tesla for fear of failure and retaliation from employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under these circumstances, the fact that workers will not come forward and testify does not necessarily mean that the plaintiffs’ case is weak. It may mean that people are more discouraged and less likely to stick their head up, in the fear that it will get chopped off,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California state judge has ruled that more than 14,000 Black workers who alleged racial harassment at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tesla\">Tesla\u003c/a>’s flagship assembly plant in Fremont cannot sue as a class, meaning the company is likely to face a flood of individual lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Superior Court Judge Peter Borkon’s Friday\u003ca href=\"https://tmsnrt.rs/3XzzhNU\"> ruling,\u003c/a> the 2017 lawsuit cannot move forward as a class action because lawyers for the plaintiffs were unable to find 200 randomly sampled class members willing to forgo a few days of wages to testify ahead of a trial scheduled for 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borkon said he did not trust that the jury would be able to “reliably extrapolate from the experiences of the trial witnesses to the 14,000 members of the class as a whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An infinitesimal number of the workers have testified,” Stanford Law School professor emeritus William Gould IV, a former National Labor Relations Board chairman, told KQED. Tesla “has superior resources, and plaintiffs need the class action to really get the defendant’s attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The named plaintiff, former assembly line worker Marcus Vaughn, alleged that Black workers at the Fremont facility were subjected to a range of racist conduct, including slurs, graffiti and nooses hung at their workstations. Vaughn said that line workers and supervisors alike referred to him using a slur on a regular basis and that Tesla did not investigate after he complained in writing to the human resources department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Vaughn said, Tesla fired him for “not having a positive attitude” six months after he started the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11992305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11992305\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1265\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TeslaFremont-1536x1012.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A row of new Tesla Superchargers seen outside of the Tesla Factory on Aug. 16, 2013, in Fremont, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ruling is a meaningful legal victory for Tesla, but the company still faces multiple lawsuits alleging pervasive race discrimination and other forms of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101854776/foreign-workers-at-tesla-spotlight-a-visa-system-vulnerable-to-fraud\">worker mistreatment\u003c/a> at its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662641/tesla-says-its-factory-is-safer-but-it-left-injuries-off-the-books\">Fremont factory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which enforces federal anti-discrimination laws, has also brought \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/legal/tesla-appears-unlikely-nix-us-suit-alleging-bias-against-black-workers-2024-03-28/\">race discrimination claims\u003c/a> against Tesla in federal court in California, and state regulators at the California Department of Fair Employment & Housing \u003ca href=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/tesla-sued-over-disturbing-reports-of-workplace-ra\">are suing\u003c/a> in Alameda County Superior Court. The company has\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-settles-black-employees-lawsuit-alleging-pervasive-harassment-2025-04-17/\"> settled other race discrimination lawsuits\u003c/a> involving individual plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the class-action denial, plaintiffs’ lawyers said they intend to press on with a host of individual lawsuits. They’ve already filed more than 500 and plan to eventually file more than 900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tesla has jumped out of the frying pan and into the fire with this decertification, because they are now facing hundreds of victims of race harassment seeking damages in their own suits,” wrote the plaintiffs’ co-lead counsel Bryan J. Schwartz.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Tesla and its attorneys did not respond to requests for comment on Monday, but the board has stated to investors that the company remains “committed to creating and maintaining a respectful and inclusive workplace, and the steps we have taken to prevent and address harassment and discrimination throughout our workforce, and will continue to challenge and defend ourselves against any allegations to the contrary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s performance at the electric vehicle maker has been both celebrated and dogged by persistent reports of erratic behavior. But at least as regards labor law, his largely \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101907450/lawsuits-against-national-labor-relations-board-could-cloud-future-of-organized-labor\">successful pushback\u003c/a> against the National Labor Relations Board’s attempts to rein in labor practices at his various companies is widely seen as indicating a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101911701/federal-workers-face-new-round-of-layoffs-as-labor-rights-under-attack\">troubled future for the NLRB\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have prominent people that are close to the White House saying that, really, employment discrimination laws should not have existed in the first place,” said Gould, the Stanford law professor emeritus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould said many employees following news headlines may steer clear of lawsuits like Vaughn et al v. Tesla for fear of failure and retaliation from employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under these circumstances, the fact that workers will not come forward and testify does not necessarily mean that the plaintiffs’ case is weak. It may mean that people are more discouraged and less likely to stick their head up, in the fear that it will get chopped off,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fremont is the fourth largest city in the Bay Area and it’s also home to one of the largest populations of Afghans in the U.S. Today, we’re running an episode from our friends at Bay Curious that traces the history of the Afghan community in Fremont over 40 years. We meet Afghan refugees and learn what makes”Little Kabul” unique.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This episode of Bay Curious first ran on\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12050357/how-did-fremont-come-to-be-known-as-little-kabul\"> Aug. 7, 2025\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1085546176\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fremont is the fourth largest city in the Bay Area and it’s also home to one of the largest populations of Afghans in the U.S. Today, we’re running an episode from our friends at Bay Curious that traces the history of the Afghan community in Fremont over 40 years. We meet Afghan refugees and learn what makes”Little Kabul” unique.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This episode of Bay Curious first ran on\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12050357/how-did-fremont-come-to-be-known-as-little-kabul\"> Aug. 7, 2025\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1085546176\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#A\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a typical afternoon, shoppers pour in and out of \u003ca href=\"https://www.maiwandmarket.com/\">Maiwand Market \u003c/a>in Fremont’s Centerville District, making a beeline for the bakery, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/2584/afghan-bread-in-fremonts-little-kabul\">traditional Afghan naan is made fresh each day\u003c/a>. Customers bag their loaves up themselves at a nearby table — some stocking up on a dozen at a time. A short walk in either direction leads to additional grocery stores and restaurants serving Afghan delicacies like beef kabobs, bolani kachaloo and qabilil pallow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is home to one of the largest concentrations of Afghans in the United States. Over the past 40-some years, this community — often celebrated for its thriving tech industry and diverse population — has even become known as Little Kabul.[baycuriouspodcastinfo] It’s a fact that has made its way into pop culture, including the 2023 indie film \u003cem>Fremont\u003c/em> and Khaled Hosseini’s bestselling novel, \u003cem>The Kite Runner\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Little Kabul, along with the frequent cultural references, got one Bay Curious listener wondering: How did Fremont become a cultural hub for so many Afghan Americans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back more than 45 years and can be broken down into four distinct waves of immigration, each based on a moment of conflict and political change in Afghanistan. But, it’s also a story of people fleeing their home country, a place they love, and looking for community and something familiar in their new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050024\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A customer buys Afghan bread made at Maiwand Market in Fremont on Aug. 27, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Soviets invade Afghanistan, spark first major exodus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first wave of Afghan immigrants left home during the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/soviet-invasion-afghanistan\">Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion of Afghanistan\u003c/a>. The USSR seized military control of Kabul and transformed the country into a war zone. Millions of Afghans were killed and millions more were forced to flee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wave of refugees included ordinary civilians and religious minorities, as well as those who had held government jobs under previous administrations. Many Afghans fled to neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan. Others immigrated to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t come by our choice; we were forced to leave the country,” said Hanifa Sai Tokhi, a volunteer who helps run the \u003ca href=\"https://www.afghanelderlyassociation.org/our-programs.html\">Afghan Elderly Association’s Healthy Aging Program\u003c/a> in Fremont. “I was crying for two and a half years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokhi vividly remembers leaving Afghanistan 47 years ago. Her husband was a government employee under \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/april-27/afghan-president-is-overthrown-and-murdered\">Afghan President Mohammad Daoud Khan\u003c/a>. After the Soviet invasion, their family received a notice that he would be arrested for his work under the country’s previous leadership.[aside postID=news_12040425 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-1-KQED-1020x680.jpg']With just $1,000 to their names, Tokhi, her husband and their two small children made their way to the Bay Area. By the time they joined their extended family in San Jose, Tokhi said they had just $22 left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokhi, who had been an assistant professor of chemistry and biology back in Kabul, said that establishing herself in California was hard. She and her husband struggled to pay the mortgage and sometimes went without electricity. But eventually, they got political asylum and work permits. They were able to land jobs in the early days of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many immigrant communities, Afghans like Tokhi came to Northern California because they knew someone in the area. When it was no longer safe to stay in Afghanistan, entire families relocated to where family members had come for work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fremont was like a magnet for Afghans to come and join this beautiful city,” said Dr. Masoud Juya, the associate director of the \u003ca href=\"https://afghancoalition.org/\">Afghan Coalition\u003c/a>. “One reason that [is] a big attractive factor for Afghans is definitely this landscape, the beauty, the geography, and the weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay hills reminded many Afghans of the mountainous terrain of their homeland. Entrepreneurial immigrants opened mosques, rug stores, and halal butcher shops. Specialty grocery stores like Maiwand Market soon opened their doors, offering fresh bread and other imported goods to local Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Fremont supported these endeavors by offering grants to Afghan business owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont was more affordable than bigger cities like San Francisco or Oakland, and California also had generous welfare benefits that helped people get resettled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly it started to get built until this city was called ‘Little Kabul,’ which is a very attractive name,” said Juya.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A civil war prompts more people to leave Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The second wave of immigration took place in the 1990s during the Afghan Civil War, following the collapse of the Soviet-backed Afghan government. The war took place between different ethnic groups and eventually resulted in the Taliban’s rise to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Juya was in elementary school at the time, he still remembers how tumultuous and disruptive the civil war was. Tens of thousands of Afghans — mostly civilians — were killed throughout the conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050014\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants wave colorful scarves during an exercise segment at the Afghan Elderly Association’s weekly wellness gathering in Fremont on July 23, 2025. The event is part of the nonprofit’s Healthy Aging Program, supporting Afghan elders through social connection, movement, meals, and health education. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of homes were destroyed due to the civil war, and our home was no exception,” Juya recalled, adding that he had been buried under the rubble. His family was displaced to a new city, though many Afghans left Afghanistan altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, many migrated to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they ended up here, then the first question they asked was like, ‘OK, which state has more Afghans? Let’s go and join our communities there,’” Juya said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the second wave of immigrants arrived in Northern California, the first wave was ready to help them get settled. The Afghan Coalition, was established in Fremont during this time. Since 1996, the mission of this international organization has been to offer social services to Afghan refugees, including assistance with housing, professional resources and mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Afghan Elderly Association was founded a year earlier to provide Afghans with culturally appropriate health programs. The organization’s founders went door-to-door, individually recruiting each elder.[aside postID=news_11883382 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Josie-Manalo-leaving-for-America-1920x1080-1.jpg']“We were going with these ladies to advocate to the doctors and translate,” said Tokhi, who worked with the group as a health promoter. “We were going to their homes. We were doing medication management. Sometimes they cannot read English, and we would ask, ‘What is this medicine for?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the organization knew that healthy living wasn’t just about medication and doctor’s visits. There needed to be a social element, \u003ca href=\"https://www.afghanelderlyassociation.org/our-programs.html\">which they eventually offered through its Healthy Aging Program\u003c/a>. Each week, the program offers a hot meal, exercise classes and medical check-ups from Afghan nurses who speak Farsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They brought these ladies out of isolation,” Tokhi said. She now helps run the program as a volunteer. “There is some gossip, too,” Tokhi said with a laugh. “I have to have gossip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs like this created more opportunities for immigrants to feel comfortable and connected when they got to Fremont. And the city supported them. For years, Fremont’s Human Services Department collaborated with the Afghan Elderly Association by providing staffing support, along with office and meeting spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>9/11 upends the social order in Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The third wave of immigration to Fremont occurred after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001. The United States sent troops into Afghanistan to oust the Taliban leaders, sparking an overseas conflict that continued for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toppling of the Taliban regime ushered in a new Afghan government and constitution. With the end of the Taliban’s religious extremism also came opportunities for women to work and girls to get an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050017\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteer Hanifa Tokhi speaks to the group at the Afghan Elderly Association’s weekly wellness gathering in Fremont on July 23, 2025. The event is part of the nonprofit’s Healthy Aging Program, supporting Afghan elders through social connection, movement, meals, and health education. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This was the beginning of a big change for Afghanistan,” said Juya. “It was the first time after all those dark periods that Afghanistan was connected to the rest of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than needing to flee as refugees as in the earlier immigration waves, Afghans could finally come to the U.S. on cultural exchange programs or to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They freely moved out of Afghanistan because of the opportunities that were available,” Juya said.[aside postID=news_12048251 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250716-CherrylandUnincorporated-11-BL_qed.jpg']Juya himself first came to the United States during the third wave, in 2009. He’d just graduated medical school and was pursuing a Fulbright scholarship. He later traveled back and forth to Afghanistan, where he opened a successful university and a health science institute inspired by his time in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put into practice pretty much every bit of information we learned here,” said Dr. Juya. “We were really revolutionists in terms of helping Afghanistan develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he’s grateful for all he learned studying in the U.S., the experience wasn’t all positive. He, like other Afghan immigrants, faced discrimination as a Muslim.*\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an added layer of difficulty because of stigma, discrimination,” he said. “This in itself is also another factor that might motivate community members to come together so that they prevent themselves from additional threats or risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Fremont experienced that stigma. In 2001, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/a-worrisome-wake-fear-of-backlash-lurks-in-a-2878560.php\">local news outlets\u003c/a> reported on hate crimes directed at Afghans, including death threats and a smashed store window around Little Kabul. A few days later, the owner of the vandalized store put an American flag in those same windows to show his loyalty to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Afghan Americans asked the City Council to formally recognize the area known as Little Kabul. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2004/09/27/fremont-wont-have-a-little-kabul/\">the initiative stalled after local businesses banded together to oppose the idea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>US troops withdraw from Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fourth and largest wave of immigration started in 2021 with President Biden’s decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan. Almost immediately, the Taliban returned to power and anyone who had participated in opening Afghanistan up, making it more liberal and democratic, was in danger. People like Juya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was fighting hard as a member of my community against extremism,” Juya said. “I was really at high risk, and I had to leave as soon as I could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050012\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050012\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Associate Director Masoud Juya sits in a conference room at the offices of the Afghan Coalition in Fremont on July 21, 2025. The organization provides health, education, and social services to support Afghan and other immigrant communities in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Juya eventually left Afghanistan through an American Ph.D. program, after which he settled in Concord in search of a stable life.**\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/12395/638119693632730000\">roughly 10,000 Afghans\u003c/a> who ended up in California after the 2021 withdrawal. The refugees during this fourth wave came from all parts of Afghan society, including academics, musicians, journalists, human rights advocates, and those who had worked with the U.S. military and allied forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many people wanted to get out of Afghanistan during the hectic withdrawal that \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiRJRjsLx-M&ab_channel=GuardianNews\">some people sprinted after U.S. military planes trying to get onboard\u003c/a> and others held onto the wings as the planes took off.[aside postID=news_11887630 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51406_021_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-1020x680.jpg']As these horrific scenes unfolded, the City of Fremont again stepped up to support its local Afghan community. The Human Services Department raised $485,000 for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/12395/638119693632730000\">Afghan Refugee Help Fund\u003c/a>, which paid for necessities like filing immigration documents, temporary housing, new cell phones, mental health resources, and driving lessons for recent arrivals. The effort was coordinated in collaboration with Afghan organizations and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As ever, the Afghans who had already established themselves in the Bay Area mobilized to help newcomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after Juya arrived in Fremont, his fellow Afghans hired him to help run the Afghan Coalition. But, he said, the volume of new Afghan arrivals has made a competitive job market even tougher. And many people don’t have the skills to fit into Silicon Valley’s high-tech, AI-driven economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were professionals back home,” he said. “They come here but they cannot find a professional job, so I see a lot of frustration for some of the young, talented Afghans.” Many are hustling as DoorDash or Uber drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Promoting ‘positive energy’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The music composer and producer Hasib Sepand was lucky enough to arrive in Fremont before the U.S. military withdrew from Afghanistan. He opened a music school, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sepandstudios.com/service/sepand-music-academy/\">The Sepand Music Academy\u003c/a>. Just six months later, the Taliban came back to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody was interested in music, even myself,” he said. “We were like mentally very depressed. I didn’t have that courage to play music because my family’s over there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050026\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hasib Sepand plays the harmonium at Sepand Studios in Fremont on July 21, 2025, where his music academy offers instruction in sitar, tabla, harmonium, and other instruments, and he composes and produces music. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sepand came from a family of well-known musicians in Afghanistan, who were forced to relocate to Pakistan after the Taliban’s first rise to power. During the U.S. war with Afghanistan, Sepand’s family had also worked with the American Army. They were able to qualify for Special Immigrant Visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last American plane that flew from Afghanistan included my family,” Sepand said. “It’s like a film.”[aside postID=news_12045917 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/ATK6-KQED.jpg']After he helped resettle his family in the Bay Area, Sepand reached out to the City of Fremont. They collaborated to offer three months of free music classes to new arrivals as a part of the Afghan Refugee Help Fund. Sepand taught students to sing traditional Afghan music and play instruments like the tabla and sitar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My class is not only a music class,” he said. “I tried to give a positive energy, especially for the newcomers, because they face a lot of problems. They face stress, depression, different culture, different language, sometimes no job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepand said that students would often tell him his music class was the highlight of their week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he came to Fremont and learned the firsthand challenges of starting over in America, Sepand thought it would be a more glamorous place. But Fremont was not the America Hasib had pictured. Over time, as he has watched the community come together to support one another, he has come to love this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, to me, it looks a hundred times better than every place in America because I live here and I have friends and I enjoy everything in Fremont,” Sepand said. “I love Fremont.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story stated that Juya experienced discrimination for being Muslim and Arab. But Afghans are not Arab. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>**A previous version of this story stated that Juya settled in Fremont. In fact, he lives in Concord.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> Fremont is the fourth-largest town in the Bay Area, but it doesn’t always get the love it deserves. It’s a quiet place, but has a thriving tech industry, an incredibly diverse population and played an important role in the early silent film industry. It’s also home to one of the largest Afghan populations in the country…a fact that often shows up in pop culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clip from \u003cem>Fremont\u003c/em>: \u003c/strong>Do you live in Fremont? Are you also from Afghanistan? Yes, I am. On the Special Immigration Visa? Yes. I was a translator in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/strong>That’s a clip from the 2023 indie film “Fremont” about a military translator starting over in Fremont after being forced to leave Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a premise rooted in reality. Over the past 40-some years, Fremont’s Afghans have slowly built a cultural hub here. There’s even a business district known as Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That name, Little Kabul, sparked the interest of one Bay Curious listener who wanted to know more about how Fremont became home to so many Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today on Bay Curious, we’re tracing four distinct waves of Afghan immigration to the U.S. and illuminating how 40 years of U.S. foreign policy have led us to this point. We’ll meet Afghan refugees who’ve settled here, learn what makes this community unique and dig into some of the challenges they face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Katrina Schwartz, filling in for Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sponsor message\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> Northern California is home to the largest concentration of Afghans in the United States. And many have settled in the Bay Area city of Fremont. Reporter Asal Ehsanipour went to find out why so many folks have decided to make this East Bay town home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour:\u003c/strong> Recently, I went to an Eid dinner to celebrate the end of Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>We have, of course, the delicious kabuli pulao, which is a very common Afghan dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Tables piled with plates of homemade rice and pastries made by local Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> This is called simion. It’s a very popular dried fruit, usually during Eid, it is used in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Guiding me on this food tour is Dr. Masoud Juya, the associate director of a local nonprofit called the Afghan Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>We have come here today to celebrate Eid and also to enjoy the Afghan culture, food, music. And to kind of enhance our collegiality, you know, over the joy and feast of Eid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Roughly 66,000 people of Afghan descent live in California, according to the 2019 Census. And historically, the highest concentration has been right here in Fremont. Making it one of the largest Afghan communities in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>Fremont was like a magnet for Afghans to come and join this beautiful city. And one reason that it’s a big attractive factor for Afghans is definitely this landscape, the beauty, the geography, and the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>It doesn’t hurt that the East Bay has these majestic hills, which remind Afghans of home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When you see these hills, it’s really reminiscent of those beautiful memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Fremont’s Afghan community has been growing for decades. Masoud says you can break it down into four – distinct waves, each based on a moment of conflict and political change in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first wave of immigration began in the late 1970s when the USSR invaded Afghanistan and took control of Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News Clip: \u003c/strong>In 1979, the Soviet Union determined that Afghanistan would be a communist nation … forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The Soviet invasion and the U.S. decision to arm rebel groups within Afghanistan as part of a proxy Cold War kicked off decades of instability for Afghanistan. Millions were killed. And millions more fled as refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News Clip: \u003c/strong>In that decade of war, over 1,000 villages and towns have been destroyed by tanks and bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> The immigrants from that era were those who were persecuted by the communist regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>They included religious minorities and people who’d held government jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> As well as civilians, ordinary civilians who did not feel safe to stay in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Many Afghans fled to neighboring countries, like Iran and Pakistan. Others came to America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Some of them ended up in Virginia first, and then they knew somebody who had recently come to this part of the country, and they were satisfied. So then they talked together and they decided to join each other here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Like so many immigrant communities, Afghans came to California because that’s where they knew people. If entire families were to uproot their lives and move across the world, they needed to stick together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a weekly health event put on by the Afghan Elderly Association, women I met said they’d followed family members who’d come to Fremont for work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 1: \u003c/strong>My daughter, she went to San José State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 2: \u003c/strong>Aunts and uncle.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 3: \u003c/strong>My friend, my relative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 2: \u003c/strong>Everybody was here in Fremont, so I came to join them, join the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi came to the Bay Area 47 years ago. But she still feels the pain of leaving Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> I was crying for two and a half years. We didn’t come by our choice. We were forced to leave the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa’s husband had worked for the Afghan government before the Soviet invasion. One day, they heard a knock at the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> They sent the notices that they’re going to arrest him and put him in jail. And even they told him to be ready when the soldiers come, go with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>With just $1,000 to their names, Hanifa, her husband, and their two small children made their way to the Bay Area. Hanifa had a brother-in-law in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> By the time we came, we had $22 because most of the money was spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa says life was hard. They struggled to pay the mortgage, sometimes went without electricity. Eventually, she and her husband got political asylum and work permits, applied for jobs in the early days of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> But then, there is not a lot of people coming to San Jose, but mostly was coming to Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Almost immediately, Fremont became the center of Afghan life. Grocery stores like Maiwand Market sold tastes of home. And immigrants opened mosques, rug stores, and Halal butcher shops. And the City of Fremont supported them. It offered grants to help Afghan business owners get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Slowly, it started to get built. Until this city was called Little Kabul, which is a very attractive name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud Juya says Fremont was more affordable than bigger cities like San Francisco or Oakland. Plus, California had generous welfare benefits that helped people get resettled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Afghans trickled into Fremont throughout the 1980s until the next big wave of immigration a decade later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The second wave actually was in the 1990s, when Afghanistan was experiencing a civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip:\u003c/strong> The Shiite Southwest District of Kabul begin the latest battlefield in the fight to control Afghanistan’s capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The civil war was between different ethnic groups in Afghanistan and resulted in the Taliban’s rise to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masoud remembers how tumultuous and disruptive that time was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>I was actually in the primary school, and the war was terrible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>Rebels reportedly fired hundreds of rockets in the residential area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>A lot of homes were destroyed due to the civil war, and our home was no exception. So every Afghan was doing their best to get out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Again, many Afghans came to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When they ended up here, then the first question they asked was like, OK, which state has more Afghans? Let’s go and join our communities there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>When the \u003cem>second\u003c/em> wave of immigrants got to Fremont, the \u003cem>first\u003c/em> wave was ready to help them get settled. That’s how Masoud’s organization, the Afghan Coalition, was founded in 1996. Since then, they’ve offered social services to Afghan refugees, helping them find housing, jobs, and mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was around the time the Afghan Elderly Association started its work. The founders went door to door individually recruiting each member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>I was working with this association for 16 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Here’s Hanifa Sai Tokhi again. After leaving Afghanistan during the Soviet Invasion, she eventually became a \u003cem>health promoter\u003c/em> for the Afghan Elderly Association. Her job was to bring culturally appropriate health services to older community members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>We were going with these ladies to advocate to the doctors and translate. Like sometimes they cannot read English, and we would ask what is this medicine for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>But the organization knew that healthy living wasn’t just about medication and doctor’s visits. There needed to be a social element. So, they created the Healthy Aging Program. And, it still exists!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>They brought these ladies out of isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Here, each week, they offer a hot meal, exercise classes and medical check-ups from Afghan nurses who speak Farsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>And also, there is some gossip, too. I have to have gossip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Programs like this created more opportunities for immigrants to feel comfortable and connected when they got to Fremont. And for years, the city of Fremont’s Human Services Department collaborated with the Afghan Elderly Association. They provided staffing support, along with office and meeting spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so with that second wave, the Afghan community was growing. Thriving in a Fremont bubble, until the 9/11 attacks put the international spotlight back on Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>We have a very tragic alert for you right now. An incredible plane crash into the World Trade Center here at the lower tip of Manhattan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>George W. Bush: \u003c/strong>On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against al-Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The Taliban government was toppled post-9/11, and a new administration was built in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>With the new government came a new constitution. It meant an end to the Taliban’s religious extremism, opportunities for women to work, and girls to get an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>So this was the beginning of a big change for Afghanistan. It was the first time after all those dark periods that Afghanistan was connected to the rest of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Rather than needing to flee as refugees, people could finally come to the U.S. on cultural exchange programs or to study. But when they got here, they were faced with a very Islamophobic America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When there is maybe an added layer of difficulty because of stigma, discrimination, or whatsoever, this in itself is also another factor that might motivate community members to come together so that they prevent themselves from additional threats or risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud first came to the U.S. during this third wave after the fall of the Taliban. He wanted to learn as much as he could and bring that knowledge back to Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> We put into practice pretty much every bit of information we learned here. And we were really, in our own sense, we were really revolutionists in terms of helping Afghanistan develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Inspired by his time in the States, he opened a successful university and a health science institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>And that’s why people like me were always staying there until we really had to leave post-2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>2021, when the United States \u003cem>withdrew\u003c/em> from Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joe Biden:\u003c/strong> I concluded it’s time to end America’s longest war. It’s time for American troops to come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The Taliban took back control of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>The Taliban advance appears unstoppable. Ruthless as ever, to those who stand in their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This U.S. policy decision caused the fourth and most recent wave of immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>Now the Taliban is back, anyone who worked for the Afghan government has fled or is in hiding. Women and girls live in fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud was also afraid. He had been at the forefront of trying to rebuild a more liberal, democratic Afghanistan. But now, all of that was smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> I was fighting hard as a member of my community against extremism. So I was really at high risk, and I had to leave as soon as I could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud explored every avenue and eventually got out through an American Ph.D. program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> But after I completed my Ph.D., then I was thinking of staying somewhere for a stable life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The obvious choice: Fremont. Masoud is one of roughly 10,000 Afghans who ended up in California after the 2021 withdrawal. And this time, the refugees came from all parts of Afghan society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The fourth wave is actually a very, very different group of people: vocalists, musicians, academics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Journalists and human rights advocates, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> More importantly, people who really worked with the Afghan government and the U.S. Government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Including members of the U.S. military and allied forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> But then there were also some civilians who just went to the airport because they are also afraid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>You might remember news footage of desperate Afghans sprinting after U.S. military planes trying to get onboard. Some even held onto the wings as the planes took off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> People who were really scared of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>As these horrific scenes unfolded, the city of Fremont again stepped up to support the Afghan community. It raised $485,000 for an Afghan Refugee Help Fund … to help pay for things like filing immigration documents, temporary housing, mental health resources, and driving lessons for recent arrivals. This was done in collaboration with Afghan organizations and businesses. As ever, those who had already established themselves mobilized to help newcomers. And new immigrants leveraged what earlier waves had built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Yeah, all these resources that Afghans created, institutions that they built, connections that they had, the knowledge that they have from navigating the U.S. System, I think they were all transferred into the new waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>When Masoud got to Fremont, his expertise building institutions in Afghanistan made him the perfect guy for a job at the Afghan Coalition, helping other refugees get settled. But he was one of the lucky few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Afghans come here, and I see they were professionals back home. They come here, but they cannot find a professional job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This fourth wave is bigger than the prior ones. And people don’t have the skills to fit into the Bay Area’s high-tech, AI-driven economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> So I see a lot of frustration for some of the young, talented Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>One of those young, talented Afghans is Hasib Sepand. He arrived in Fremont before the U.S. military withdrew from Afghanistan and started a music school, called The Sepand Academy … Just six months later, the Taliban came back to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Nobody was interested in music, even myself. So, we were like mentally very depressed. I didn’t have that courage to play music. Because my family’s over there.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Like Hasib, his family were musicians. And Hasib’s siblings had also worked with the American Army. Because of that, they were able to qualify for Special Immigrant Visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> And the last American plane that flew from Afghanistan included my family. It’s like a film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hasib was so grateful his family made it to safety, he wanted to help other newcomers. With the city’s help, Hasib offered three months of free music classes to new arrivals. They sang and played instruments like the tabla and sitar. You’re hearing them play now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sounds of music class playing\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> I tried to give a positive energy, especially for the newcomers, because they face a lot of problems. They face stress, depression, different culture, different language, sometimes no job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hasib says before he came to Fremont — before he knew anything about how hard it would be to live in the U.S. — he thought it would be a more glamorous place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand: \u003c/strong>My Afghan friends, they used to tell me, “OK, so you are going to Fremont. Oh my god. That’s a dream city.” And they gave me kind of like wrong imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This was not the “America” Hasib had pictured. But as he’s watched the community come together to support one another, he’s come to love this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Now, to me, it looks a hundred times better than every place in America because I live here and I have friends and I enjoy everything in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>He says he loves the people, the fellowship created at local Afghan bakeries and banquet halls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Right now, I feel that I’m in Afghanistan. I’m in my hometown. Most of the time, I don’t speak English because everywhere I go is like Afghans. And when my friends come from Canada or from Europe, they are jealous. I love Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Or as Hasib calls it: Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> That was reporter Asal Ehsanipour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s Afghan community is under threat once again. President Trump recently announced plans to end temporary protected status for a host of countries, including Afghanistan. The administration also put a halt to most refugee resettlements programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other big difficulty facing this community is cost of living in the Bay Area. More Afghans are choosing to settle in Sacramento than Fremont now because it’s more affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you may have heard, this is a perilous time for public media and KQED. So, if you have a moment, head on over to kqed dot org slash donate. Every little bit helps to support the shows you love, and we appreciate you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is produced in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our show is made by Gabriela Glueck, Christopher Beale and me, Katrina Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien and everyone on team KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by the Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have a great week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The East Bay town of Fremont is known for its diversity and growing tech sector, but also as a hub of Afghan life and culture. We explore the forces that created Little Kabul.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#A\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a typical afternoon, shoppers pour in and out of \u003ca href=\"https://www.maiwandmarket.com/\">Maiwand Market \u003c/a>in Fremont’s Centerville District, making a beeline for the bakery, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/2584/afghan-bread-in-fremonts-little-kabul\">traditional Afghan naan is made fresh each day\u003c/a>. Customers bag their loaves up themselves at a nearby table — some stocking up on a dozen at a time. A short walk in either direction leads to additional grocery stores and restaurants serving Afghan delicacies like beef kabobs, bolani kachaloo and qabilil pallow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is home to one of the largest concentrations of Afghans in the United States. Over the past 40-some years, this community — often celebrated for its thriving tech industry and diverse population — has even become known as Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp> It’s a fact that has made its way into pop culture, including the 2023 indie film \u003cem>Fremont\u003c/em> and Khaled Hosseini’s bestselling novel, \u003cem>The Kite Runner\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Little Kabul, along with the frequent cultural references, got one Bay Curious listener wondering: How did Fremont become a cultural hub for so many Afghan Americans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back more than 45 years and can be broken down into four distinct waves of immigration, each based on a moment of conflict and political change in Afghanistan. But, it’s also a story of people fleeing their home country, a place they love, and looking for community and something familiar in their new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050024\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A customer buys Afghan bread made at Maiwand Market in Fremont on Aug. 27, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Soviets invade Afghanistan, spark first major exodus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first wave of Afghan immigrants left home during the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/soviet-invasion-afghanistan\">Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion of Afghanistan\u003c/a>. The USSR seized military control of Kabul and transformed the country into a war zone. Millions of Afghans were killed and millions more were forced to flee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wave of refugees included ordinary civilians and religious minorities, as well as those who had held government jobs under previous administrations. Many Afghans fled to neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan. Others immigrated to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t come by our choice; we were forced to leave the country,” said Hanifa Sai Tokhi, a volunteer who helps run the \u003ca href=\"https://www.afghanelderlyassociation.org/our-programs.html\">Afghan Elderly Association’s Healthy Aging Program\u003c/a> in Fremont. “I was crying for two and a half years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokhi vividly remembers leaving Afghanistan 47 years ago. Her husband was a government employee under \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/april-27/afghan-president-is-overthrown-and-murdered\">Afghan President Mohammad Daoud Khan\u003c/a>. After the Soviet invasion, their family received a notice that he would be arrested for his work under the country’s previous leadership.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>With just $1,000 to their names, Tokhi, her husband and their two small children made their way to the Bay Area. By the time they joined their extended family in San Jose, Tokhi said they had just $22 left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokhi, who had been an assistant professor of chemistry and biology back in Kabul, said that establishing herself in California was hard. She and her husband struggled to pay the mortgage and sometimes went without electricity. But eventually, they got political asylum and work permits. They were able to land jobs in the early days of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many immigrant communities, Afghans like Tokhi came to Northern California because they knew someone in the area. When it was no longer safe to stay in Afghanistan, entire families relocated to where family members had come for work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fremont was like a magnet for Afghans to come and join this beautiful city,” said Dr. Masoud Juya, the associate director of the \u003ca href=\"https://afghancoalition.org/\">Afghan Coalition\u003c/a>. “One reason that [is] a big attractive factor for Afghans is definitely this landscape, the beauty, the geography, and the weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay hills reminded many Afghans of the mountainous terrain of their homeland. Entrepreneurial immigrants opened mosques, rug stores, and halal butcher shops. Specialty grocery stores like Maiwand Market soon opened their doors, offering fresh bread and other imported goods to local Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Fremont supported these endeavors by offering grants to Afghan business owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont was more affordable than bigger cities like San Francisco or Oakland, and California also had generous welfare benefits that helped people get resettled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly it started to get built until this city was called ‘Little Kabul,’ which is a very attractive name,” said Juya.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A civil war prompts more people to leave Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The second wave of immigration took place in the 1990s during the Afghan Civil War, following the collapse of the Soviet-backed Afghan government. The war took place between different ethnic groups and eventually resulted in the Taliban’s rise to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Juya was in elementary school at the time, he still remembers how tumultuous and disruptive the civil war was. Tens of thousands of Afghans — mostly civilians — were killed throughout the conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050014\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants wave colorful scarves during an exercise segment at the Afghan Elderly Association’s weekly wellness gathering in Fremont on July 23, 2025. The event is part of the nonprofit’s Healthy Aging Program, supporting Afghan elders through social connection, movement, meals, and health education. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of homes were destroyed due to the civil war, and our home was no exception,” Juya recalled, adding that he had been buried under the rubble. His family was displaced to a new city, though many Afghans left Afghanistan altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, many migrated to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they ended up here, then the first question they asked was like, ‘OK, which state has more Afghans? Let’s go and join our communities there,’” Juya said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the second wave of immigrants arrived in Northern California, the first wave was ready to help them get settled. The Afghan Coalition, was established in Fremont during this time. Since 1996, the mission of this international organization has been to offer social services to Afghan refugees, including assistance with housing, professional resources and mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Afghan Elderly Association was founded a year earlier to provide Afghans with culturally appropriate health programs. The organization’s founders went door-to-door, individually recruiting each elder.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We were going with these ladies to advocate to the doctors and translate,” said Tokhi, who worked with the group as a health promoter. “We were going to their homes. We were doing medication management. Sometimes they cannot read English, and we would ask, ‘What is this medicine for?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the organization knew that healthy living wasn’t just about medication and doctor’s visits. There needed to be a social element, \u003ca href=\"https://www.afghanelderlyassociation.org/our-programs.html\">which they eventually offered through its Healthy Aging Program\u003c/a>. Each week, the program offers a hot meal, exercise classes and medical check-ups from Afghan nurses who speak Farsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They brought these ladies out of isolation,” Tokhi said. She now helps run the program as a volunteer. “There is some gossip, too,” Tokhi said with a laugh. “I have to have gossip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs like this created more opportunities for immigrants to feel comfortable and connected when they got to Fremont. And the city supported them. For years, Fremont’s Human Services Department collaborated with the Afghan Elderly Association by providing staffing support, along with office and meeting spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>9/11 upends the social order in Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The third wave of immigration to Fremont occurred after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001. The United States sent troops into Afghanistan to oust the Taliban leaders, sparking an overseas conflict that continued for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toppling of the Taliban regime ushered in a new Afghan government and constitution. With the end of the Taliban’s religious extremism also came opportunities for women to work and girls to get an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050017\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteer Hanifa Tokhi speaks to the group at the Afghan Elderly Association’s weekly wellness gathering in Fremont on July 23, 2025. The event is part of the nonprofit’s Healthy Aging Program, supporting Afghan elders through social connection, movement, meals, and health education. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This was the beginning of a big change for Afghanistan,” said Juya. “It was the first time after all those dark periods that Afghanistan was connected to the rest of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than needing to flee as refugees as in the earlier immigration waves, Afghans could finally come to the U.S. on cultural exchange programs or to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They freely moved out of Afghanistan because of the opportunities that were available,” Juya said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Juya himself first came to the United States during the third wave, in 2009. He’d just graduated medical school and was pursuing a Fulbright scholarship. He later traveled back and forth to Afghanistan, where he opened a successful university and a health science institute inspired by his time in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put into practice pretty much every bit of information we learned here,” said Dr. Juya. “We were really revolutionists in terms of helping Afghanistan develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he’s grateful for all he learned studying in the U.S., the experience wasn’t all positive. He, like other Afghan immigrants, faced discrimination as a Muslim.*\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an added layer of difficulty because of stigma, discrimination,” he said. “This in itself is also another factor that might motivate community members to come together so that they prevent themselves from additional threats or risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Fremont experienced that stigma. In 2001, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/a-worrisome-wake-fear-of-backlash-lurks-in-a-2878560.php\">local news outlets\u003c/a> reported on hate crimes directed at Afghans, including death threats and a smashed store window around Little Kabul. A few days later, the owner of the vandalized store put an American flag in those same windows to show his loyalty to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Afghan Americans asked the City Council to formally recognize the area known as Little Kabul. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2004/09/27/fremont-wont-have-a-little-kabul/\">the initiative stalled after local businesses banded together to oppose the idea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>US troops withdraw from Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fourth and largest wave of immigration started in 2021 with President Biden’s decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan. Almost immediately, the Taliban returned to power and anyone who had participated in opening Afghanistan up, making it more liberal and democratic, was in danger. People like Juya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was fighting hard as a member of my community against extremism,” Juya said. “I was really at high risk, and I had to leave as soon as I could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050012\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050012\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Associate Director Masoud Juya sits in a conference room at the offices of the Afghan Coalition in Fremont on July 21, 2025. The organization provides health, education, and social services to support Afghan and other immigrant communities in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Juya eventually left Afghanistan through an American Ph.D. program, after which he settled in Concord in search of a stable life.**\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/12395/638119693632730000\">roughly 10,000 Afghans\u003c/a> who ended up in California after the 2021 withdrawal. The refugees during this fourth wave came from all parts of Afghan society, including academics, musicians, journalists, human rights advocates, and those who had worked with the U.S. military and allied forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many people wanted to get out of Afghanistan during the hectic withdrawal that \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiRJRjsLx-M&ab_channel=GuardianNews\">some people sprinted after U.S. military planes trying to get onboard\u003c/a> and others held onto the wings as the planes took off.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As these horrific scenes unfolded, the City of Fremont again stepped up to support its local Afghan community. The Human Services Department raised $485,000 for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/12395/638119693632730000\">Afghan Refugee Help Fund\u003c/a>, which paid for necessities like filing immigration documents, temporary housing, new cell phones, mental health resources, and driving lessons for recent arrivals. The effort was coordinated in collaboration with Afghan organizations and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As ever, the Afghans who had already established themselves in the Bay Area mobilized to help newcomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after Juya arrived in Fremont, his fellow Afghans hired him to help run the Afghan Coalition. But, he said, the volume of new Afghan arrivals has made a competitive job market even tougher. And many people don’t have the skills to fit into Silicon Valley’s high-tech, AI-driven economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were professionals back home,” he said. “They come here but they cannot find a professional job, so I see a lot of frustration for some of the young, talented Afghans.” Many are hustling as DoorDash or Uber drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Promoting ‘positive energy’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The music composer and producer Hasib Sepand was lucky enough to arrive in Fremont before the U.S. military withdrew from Afghanistan. He opened a music school, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sepandstudios.com/service/sepand-music-academy/\">The Sepand Music Academy\u003c/a>. Just six months later, the Taliban came back to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody was interested in music, even myself,” he said. “We were like mentally very depressed. I didn’t have that courage to play music because my family’s over there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050026\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hasib Sepand plays the harmonium at Sepand Studios in Fremont on July 21, 2025, where his music academy offers instruction in sitar, tabla, harmonium, and other instruments, and he composes and produces music. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sepand came from a family of well-known musicians in Afghanistan, who were forced to relocate to Pakistan after the Taliban’s first rise to power. During the U.S. war with Afghanistan, Sepand’s family had also worked with the American Army. They were able to qualify for Special Immigrant Visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last American plane that flew from Afghanistan included my family,” Sepand said. “It’s like a film.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After he helped resettle his family in the Bay Area, Sepand reached out to the City of Fremont. They collaborated to offer three months of free music classes to new arrivals as a part of the Afghan Refugee Help Fund. Sepand taught students to sing traditional Afghan music and play instruments like the tabla and sitar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My class is not only a music class,” he said. “I tried to give a positive energy, especially for the newcomers, because they face a lot of problems. They face stress, depression, different culture, different language, sometimes no job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepand said that students would often tell him his music class was the highlight of their week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he came to Fremont and learned the firsthand challenges of starting over in America, Sepand thought it would be a more glamorous place. But Fremont was not the America Hasib had pictured. Over time, as he has watched the community come together to support one another, he has come to love this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, to me, it looks a hundred times better than every place in America because I live here and I have friends and I enjoy everything in Fremont,” Sepand said. “I love Fremont.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story stated that Juya experienced discrimination for being Muslim and Arab. But Afghans are not Arab. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>**A previous version of this story stated that Juya settled in Fremont. In fact, he lives in Concord.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> Fremont is the fourth-largest town in the Bay Area, but it doesn’t always get the love it deserves. It’s a quiet place, but has a thriving tech industry, an incredibly diverse population and played an important role in the early silent film industry. It’s also home to one of the largest Afghan populations in the country…a fact that often shows up in pop culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clip from \u003cem>Fremont\u003c/em>: \u003c/strong>Do you live in Fremont? Are you also from Afghanistan? Yes, I am. On the Special Immigration Visa? Yes. I was a translator in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/strong>That’s a clip from the 2023 indie film “Fremont” about a military translator starting over in Fremont after being forced to leave Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a premise rooted in reality. Over the past 40-some years, Fremont’s Afghans have slowly built a cultural hub here. There’s even a business district known as Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That name, Little Kabul, sparked the interest of one Bay Curious listener who wanted to know more about how Fremont became home to so many Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today on Bay Curious, we’re tracing four distinct waves of Afghan immigration to the U.S. and illuminating how 40 years of U.S. foreign policy have led us to this point. We’ll meet Afghan refugees who’ve settled here, learn what makes this community unique and dig into some of the challenges they face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Katrina Schwartz, filling in for Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sponsor message\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> Northern California is home to the largest concentration of Afghans in the United States. And many have settled in the Bay Area city of Fremont. Reporter Asal Ehsanipour went to find out why so many folks have decided to make this East Bay town home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour:\u003c/strong> Recently, I went to an Eid dinner to celebrate the end of Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>We have, of course, the delicious kabuli pulao, which is a very common Afghan dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Tables piled with plates of homemade rice and pastries made by local Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> This is called simion. It’s a very popular dried fruit, usually during Eid, it is used in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Guiding me on this food tour is Dr. Masoud Juya, the associate director of a local nonprofit called the Afghan Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>We have come here today to celebrate Eid and also to enjoy the Afghan culture, food, music. And to kind of enhance our collegiality, you know, over the joy and feast of Eid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Roughly 66,000 people of Afghan descent live in California, according to the 2019 Census. And historically, the highest concentration has been right here in Fremont. Making it one of the largest Afghan communities in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>Fremont was like a magnet for Afghans to come and join this beautiful city. And one reason that it’s a big attractive factor for Afghans is definitely this landscape, the beauty, the geography, and the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>It doesn’t hurt that the East Bay has these majestic hills, which remind Afghans of home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When you see these hills, it’s really reminiscent of those beautiful memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Fremont’s Afghan community has been growing for decades. Masoud says you can break it down into four – distinct waves, each based on a moment of conflict and political change in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first wave of immigration began in the late 1970s when the USSR invaded Afghanistan and took control of Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News Clip: \u003c/strong>In 1979, the Soviet Union determined that Afghanistan would be a communist nation … forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The Soviet invasion and the U.S. decision to arm rebel groups within Afghanistan as part of a proxy Cold War kicked off decades of instability for Afghanistan. Millions were killed. And millions more fled as refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News Clip: \u003c/strong>In that decade of war, over 1,000 villages and towns have been destroyed by tanks and bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> The immigrants from that era were those who were persecuted by the communist regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>They included religious minorities and people who’d held government jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> As well as civilians, ordinary civilians who did not feel safe to stay in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Many Afghans fled to neighboring countries, like Iran and Pakistan. Others came to America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Some of them ended up in Virginia first, and then they knew somebody who had recently come to this part of the country, and they were satisfied. So then they talked together and they decided to join each other here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Like so many immigrant communities, Afghans came to California because that’s where they knew people. If entire families were to uproot their lives and move across the world, they needed to stick together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a weekly health event put on by the Afghan Elderly Association, women I met said they’d followed family members who’d come to Fremont for work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 1: \u003c/strong>My daughter, she went to San José State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 2: \u003c/strong>Aunts and uncle.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 3: \u003c/strong>My friend, my relative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 2: \u003c/strong>Everybody was here in Fremont, so I came to join them, join the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi came to the Bay Area 47 years ago. But she still feels the pain of leaving Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> I was crying for two and a half years. We didn’t come by our choice. We were forced to leave the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa’s husband had worked for the Afghan government before the Soviet invasion. One day, they heard a knock at the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> They sent the notices that they’re going to arrest him and put him in jail. And even they told him to be ready when the soldiers come, go with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>With just $1,000 to their names, Hanifa, her husband, and their two small children made their way to the Bay Area. Hanifa had a brother-in-law in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> By the time we came, we had $22 because most of the money was spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa says life was hard. They struggled to pay the mortgage, sometimes went without electricity. Eventually, she and her husband got political asylum and work permits, applied for jobs in the early days of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> But then, there is not a lot of people coming to San Jose, but mostly was coming to Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Almost immediately, Fremont became the center of Afghan life. Grocery stores like Maiwand Market sold tastes of home. And immigrants opened mosques, rug stores, and Halal butcher shops. And the City of Fremont supported them. It offered grants to help Afghan business owners get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Slowly, it started to get built. Until this city was called Little Kabul, which is a very attractive name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud Juya says Fremont was more affordable than bigger cities like San Francisco or Oakland. Plus, California had generous welfare benefits that helped people get resettled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Afghans trickled into Fremont throughout the 1980s until the next big wave of immigration a decade later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The second wave actually was in the 1990s, when Afghanistan was experiencing a civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip:\u003c/strong> The Shiite Southwest District of Kabul begin the latest battlefield in the fight to control Afghanistan’s capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The civil war was between different ethnic groups in Afghanistan and resulted in the Taliban’s rise to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masoud remembers how tumultuous and disruptive that time was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>I was actually in the primary school, and the war was terrible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>Rebels reportedly fired hundreds of rockets in the residential area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>A lot of homes were destroyed due to the civil war, and our home was no exception. So every Afghan was doing their best to get out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Again, many Afghans came to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When they ended up here, then the first question they asked was like, OK, which state has more Afghans? Let’s go and join our communities there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>When the \u003cem>second\u003c/em> wave of immigrants got to Fremont, the \u003cem>first\u003c/em> wave was ready to help them get settled. That’s how Masoud’s organization, the Afghan Coalition, was founded in 1996. Since then, they’ve offered social services to Afghan refugees, helping them find housing, jobs, and mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was around the time the Afghan Elderly Association started its work. The founders went door to door individually recruiting each member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>I was working with this association for 16 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Here’s Hanifa Sai Tokhi again. After leaving Afghanistan during the Soviet Invasion, she eventually became a \u003cem>health promoter\u003c/em> for the Afghan Elderly Association. Her job was to bring culturally appropriate health services to older community members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>We were going with these ladies to advocate to the doctors and translate. Like sometimes they cannot read English, and we would ask what is this medicine for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>But the organization knew that healthy living wasn’t just about medication and doctor’s visits. There needed to be a social element. So, they created the Healthy Aging Program. And, it still exists!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>They brought these ladies out of isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Here, each week, they offer a hot meal, exercise classes and medical check-ups from Afghan nurses who speak Farsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>And also, there is some gossip, too. I have to have gossip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Programs like this created more opportunities for immigrants to feel comfortable and connected when they got to Fremont. And for years, the city of Fremont’s Human Services Department collaborated with the Afghan Elderly Association. They provided staffing support, along with office and meeting spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so with that second wave, the Afghan community was growing. Thriving in a Fremont bubble, until the 9/11 attacks put the international spotlight back on Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>We have a very tragic alert for you right now. An incredible plane crash into the World Trade Center here at the lower tip of Manhattan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>George W. Bush: \u003c/strong>On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against al-Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The Taliban government was toppled post-9/11, and a new administration was built in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>With the new government came a new constitution. It meant an end to the Taliban’s religious extremism, opportunities for women to work, and girls to get an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>So this was the beginning of a big change for Afghanistan. It was the first time after all those dark periods that Afghanistan was connected to the rest of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Rather than needing to flee as refugees, people could finally come to the U.S. on cultural exchange programs or to study. But when they got here, they were faced with a very Islamophobic America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When there is maybe an added layer of difficulty because of stigma, discrimination, or whatsoever, this in itself is also another factor that might motivate community members to come together so that they prevent themselves from additional threats or risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud first came to the U.S. during this third wave after the fall of the Taliban. He wanted to learn as much as he could and bring that knowledge back to Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> We put into practice pretty much every bit of information we learned here. And we were really, in our own sense, we were really revolutionists in terms of helping Afghanistan develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Inspired by his time in the States, he opened a successful university and a health science institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>And that’s why people like me were always staying there until we really had to leave post-2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>2021, when the United States \u003cem>withdrew\u003c/em> from Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joe Biden:\u003c/strong> I concluded it’s time to end America’s longest war. It’s time for American troops to come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The Taliban took back control of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>The Taliban advance appears unstoppable. Ruthless as ever, to those who stand in their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This U.S. policy decision caused the fourth and most recent wave of immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>Now the Taliban is back, anyone who worked for the Afghan government has fled or is in hiding. Women and girls live in fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud was also afraid. He had been at the forefront of trying to rebuild a more liberal, democratic Afghanistan. But now, all of that was smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> I was fighting hard as a member of my community against extremism. So I was really at high risk, and I had to leave as soon as I could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud explored every avenue and eventually got out through an American Ph.D. program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> But after I completed my Ph.D., then I was thinking of staying somewhere for a stable life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The obvious choice: Fremont. Masoud is one of roughly 10,000 Afghans who ended up in California after the 2021 withdrawal. And this time, the refugees came from all parts of Afghan society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The fourth wave is actually a very, very different group of people: vocalists, musicians, academics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Journalists and human rights advocates, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> More importantly, people who really worked with the Afghan government and the U.S. Government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Including members of the U.S. military and allied forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> But then there were also some civilians who just went to the airport because they are also afraid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>You might remember news footage of desperate Afghans sprinting after U.S. military planes trying to get onboard. Some even held onto the wings as the planes took off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> People who were really scared of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>As these horrific scenes unfolded, the city of Fremont again stepped up to support the Afghan community. It raised $485,000 for an Afghan Refugee Help Fund … to help pay for things like filing immigration documents, temporary housing, mental health resources, and driving lessons for recent arrivals. This was done in collaboration with Afghan organizations and businesses. As ever, those who had already established themselves mobilized to help newcomers. And new immigrants leveraged what earlier waves had built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Yeah, all these resources that Afghans created, institutions that they built, connections that they had, the knowledge that they have from navigating the U.S. System, I think they were all transferred into the new waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>When Masoud got to Fremont, his expertise building institutions in Afghanistan made him the perfect guy for a job at the Afghan Coalition, helping other refugees get settled. But he was one of the lucky few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Afghans come here, and I see they were professionals back home. They come here, but they cannot find a professional job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This fourth wave is bigger than the prior ones. And people don’t have the skills to fit into the Bay Area’s high-tech, AI-driven economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> So I see a lot of frustration for some of the young, talented Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>One of those young, talented Afghans is Hasib Sepand. He arrived in Fremont before the U.S. military withdrew from Afghanistan and started a music school, called The Sepand Academy … Just six months later, the Taliban came back to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Nobody was interested in music, even myself. So, we were like mentally very depressed. I didn’t have that courage to play music. Because my family’s over there.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Like Hasib, his family were musicians. And Hasib’s siblings had also worked with the American Army. Because of that, they were able to qualify for Special Immigrant Visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> And the last American plane that flew from Afghanistan included my family. It’s like a film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hasib was so grateful his family made it to safety, he wanted to help other newcomers. With the city’s help, Hasib offered three months of free music classes to new arrivals. They sang and played instruments like the tabla and sitar. You’re hearing them play now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sounds of music class playing\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> I tried to give a positive energy, especially for the newcomers, because they face a lot of problems. They face stress, depression, different culture, different language, sometimes no job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hasib says before he came to Fremont — before he knew anything about how hard it would be to live in the U.S. — he thought it would be a more glamorous place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand: \u003c/strong>My Afghan friends, they used to tell me, “OK, so you are going to Fremont. Oh my god. That’s a dream city.” And they gave me kind of like wrong imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This was not the “America” Hasib had pictured. But as he’s watched the community come together to support one another, he’s come to love this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Now, to me, it looks a hundred times better than every place in America because I live here and I have friends and I enjoy everything in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>He says he loves the people, the fellowship created at local Afghan bakeries and banquet halls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Right now, I feel that I’m in Afghanistan. I’m in my hometown. Most of the time, I don’t speak English because everywhere I go is like Afghans. And when my friends come from Canada or from Europe, they are jealous. I love Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Or as Hasib calls it: Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> That was reporter Asal Ehsanipour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s Afghan community is under threat once again. President Trump recently announced plans to end temporary protected status for a host of countries, including Afghanistan. The administration also put a halt to most refugee resettlements programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other big difficulty facing this community is cost of living in the Bay Area. More Afghans are choosing to settle in Sacramento than Fremont now because it’s more affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you may have heard, this is a perilous time for public media and KQED. So, if you have a moment, head on over to kqed dot org slash donate. Every little bit helps to support the shows you love, and we appreciate you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is produced in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our show is made by Gabriela Glueck, Christopher Beale and me, Katrina Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien and everyone on team KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by the Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have a great week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Nowhere to Go: Bay Area Afghans, Allies Condemn Trump’s End of Protections",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12:30 p.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than four years after the Taliban took control of Kabul, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11898843/theres-a-lot-thats-not-working-within-the-system-afghan-evacuees-struggle-with-housing-and-immigration-bureaucracy\">thousands of fragmented Afghan families\u003c/a> are still waiting for the U.S. to fulfill promises it made to take them in for helping the American war effort. But now, the Trump administration appears set to kick thousands of recently arrived refugees out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since the Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion of Afghanistan turned the South Asian country into a war zone, waves of Afghan refugees have landed in California looking to build new lives and reunite with family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every Afghan has their own journey,” said Fouzia Azizi, who left Afghanistan in 1994. She now directs refugee services at Jewish Family and Community Services East Bay, a local office of one of the nation’s largest resettlement agencies. “But one thing they all have in common is, in one way or another, they have all faced some level of persecution. There is no hope to go back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s especially true, she added, for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894472/walking-from-san-francisco-to-mountain-view-as-an-ode-to-lgbtq-afghans-and-refugees\">children, women, religious and ethnic minorities, LGBTQ+ people\u003c/a> and any Afghan who helped the U.S. military in the 20 years after Americans invaded in 2001 in response to the Sept. 11 attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re living in a limbo,” Azizi said. “There is a sense of trauma. There is a sense of anxiety. Mental health is to the next level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11888019\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Esmatullah Asadullah’s father buys Afghan bread made at Maiwand Market in Fremont on Aug. 27, 2021. The business became a staple for the Afghan community in the East Bay, who have come together over the past three and a half years to create networks of support for incoming Afghan families, who fled their country after the Taliban takeover in 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886733/san-francisco-turns-out-in-solidarity-with-worldwide-protest-for-afghan-lives\">chaotic withdrawal of American troops\u003c/a> in 2021, roughly 198,000 Afghans have come to the U.S., according to internal government documents reviewed by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of them came with official refugee status or were granted special visas for working for the U.S. mission as lawyers, interpreters and drivers. They have a path to permanent residence and eventual citizenship. But tens of thousands more are in limbo, with only temporary humanitarian protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/13/2025-08201/termination-of-the-designation-of-afghanistan-for-temporary-protected-status#citation-26-p20311\">has terminated\u003c/a> one of those protections, known as Temporary Protected Status, for an estimated 11,700 Afghans. While some of them have obtained green cards, as the program ends on July 14, roughly 8,000 Afghans with TPS are now vulnerable to deportation. Some refugees have also sought temporary protection through humanitarian parole and are applying for asylum, but the Trump administration has deported people with pending asylum applications and could also revoke parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPS has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020620/thebay-tps-trump\"> historically allowed people already in the U.S.\u003c/a> to stay and work legally if their countries are deemed unsafe. This includes countries experiencing armed conflict, natural disasters or other extraordinary conditions. The U.S. State Department still lists Afghanistan as “\u003ca href=\"https://2021-2025.state.gov/afghanistan-inquiries/\">Level 4: Do Not Travel\u003c/a>” because of the risk of terrorism, unlawful detention, civil unrest and kidnapping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing of the notice in the \u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-08201.pdf\">Federal Register\u003c/a> rescinding TPS for Afghan refugees asserted conditions in Afghanistan are improving, noting that Chinese tourism there has increased, as the rates of kidnappings have dropped. In that same notice, Noem noted the number of those in need of humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan has dropped to 23.7 million this year, compared to 29 million last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11890467 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/019_EastBay_JFCSAfghanResettlement_09102021-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As former governor of South Dakota, Noem\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1JG492yg8s\"> criticized\u003c/a> the Biden administration programs taking in Afghan refugees during and after the fall of Kabul, doubting the adequacy of the vetting process. In recent days, Matthew Tragesser, chief of public affairs at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, echoed that partisan language in a \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/USCIS/status/1921928708216045702\">post\u003c/a> on social media platform X announcing the end of TPS: “Bad actors are taking advantage of this humanitarian program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many who fled Afghanistan under the auspices of \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/information-for-afghan-nationals\">Operation Allies Welcome\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.militaryonesource.mil/benefits/enduring-welcome-program/\">Operation Enduring Welcome\u003c/a> waited for years in third countries like Pakistan, Turkey and Qatar, often at U.S. military bases, as U.S. immigration authorities adjudicated their claims. Hundreds of thousands of people who have qualified to be in the pipeline for some kind of U.S. visa, including roughly 211,000 still in Afghanistan, now presumably have no hope of reuniting with family members in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 20, 2025, the Trump administration’s attack on immigration to the U.S. began with a \u003ca href=\"https://refugees.org/u-s-department-of-state-abandons-u-s-responsibility-for-safely-resettling-refugees/\">“no work”\u003c/a> order for resettlement services like JFCS East Bay. Since then, an unknown number of Afghans in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://abc11.com/post/department-homeland-security-deportation-afghan-refugees-triangle-receive-dhs-email-urging-deport/16188536/\">received emails\u003c/a> telling them to self-deport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghan refugees in the U.S. have been trying to lay low since President Donald Trump’s inauguration. “They’re so afraid. They’re terrified,” said Harris Mojadedi, a child of refugees born and raised in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040223\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harris Mojadedi, Assistant Dean of Strategic Initiatives, poses for a portrait at UC Berkeley on May 14, 2025.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These are people who are really ‘enemy number one’ for the Taliban, and so to send them back, to deport them, would really be a death sentence,” Mojadedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our federal representatives, I know, are advocating and supporting us, but the actions this government is taking are just so out of the realm of how, you know, the government typically operates,” Mojadedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressman Eric Swalwell represents most of eastern Alameda County and its Afghan community. In a statement, he condemned the decision to end TPS and called upon the administration to reverse course. He also called attention to the administration’s recent choice to extend refugee status to white South Africans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know many of my Republican colleagues feel the same, but it is time for them to grow a spine and stand up to Trump,” he wrote. “Trump is apparently more concerned with \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/05/10/afrikaner-refugees-trump-welcoming-white-south-africans/83557827007/\">protecting white South Africans\u003c/a> who have done nothing to protect American troops than he is with our Afghan Allies. It is unconscionable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mojadedi said he understands there’s a limit to what California’s predominantly Democratic representatives can do in a G.O.P.-dominated Washington D.C., but the cause of the Afghans is not politically partisan, any more than it was for Vietnamese refugees following the Vietnam War. Vietnamese refugees were offered permanent status under three congressional acts, but Congress has yet to offer something similar for Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought that President Trump was going to be a champion for the Afghans,” said Shawn VanDiver, a Navy veteran and president of the San Diego-based non-profit #\u003ca href=\"https://afghanevac.org/about\">AfghanEvac\u003c/a>.[aside postID=news_11887630 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51406_021_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-1020x680.jpg']“If we hearken back, he is the one who negotiated the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-middle-east-taliban-doha-e6f48507848aef2ee849154604aa11be\">Doha agreement\u003c/a>. He brought the Taliban to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-harris-slams-trump-for-taliban-negotiations\">Camp David\u003c/a>. He brought Afghans to the White House in the first administration and lauded them during Medal of Honor ceremonies. We thought that, for sure, they would be supportive. And then on day one, they shut down the ongoing relocation program,” VanDiver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VanDiver said he’s been unable to meet with anybody in the second Trump Administration. It’s possible that other groups that are more politically conservative and not specifically nonpartisan, like #AfghanEvac, might have a better chance of getting an audience with the president. VanDiver said he hopes someone can convince President Trump he has an opportunity to “be a hero” and reverse the policies targeting Afghan immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think veterans and frontline civilians and everybody who’s involved in this are shocked at how it seems like these folks are just being thrown away,” VanDiver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If appeals to the president’s ego — or moral decency — don’t work, a lawsuit might force the current administration to at least hit the pause button on the decision to end TPS for Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/11/g-s1-59939/trump-afghanistan-tps-kristi-noem-dhs\">Noem signaled\u003c/a> last month that she would terminate the TPS designation for Afghans, a Maryland-based immigrant rights organization filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2025/05/TPS-Complaint.pdf\">federal lawsuit\u003c/a>. The suit argues for a stay and alleges the Trump administration’s decision was influenced by racial animus, violating the equal protection guarantees of the Fifth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The presiding judge denied CASA’s request to keep the protections in place during the litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on May 15, 2025.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Today’s cutoff of temporary protected status thrusts thousands of Afghans into legal limbo and revives accusations that the U.S. is abandoning its wartime allies. ",
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"title": "Nowhere to Go: Bay Area Afghans, Allies Condemn Trump’s End of Protections | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12:30 p.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than four years after the Taliban took control of Kabul, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11898843/theres-a-lot-thats-not-working-within-the-system-afghan-evacuees-struggle-with-housing-and-immigration-bureaucracy\">thousands of fragmented Afghan families\u003c/a> are still waiting for the U.S. to fulfill promises it made to take them in for helping the American war effort. But now, the Trump administration appears set to kick thousands of recently arrived refugees out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since the Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion of Afghanistan turned the South Asian country into a war zone, waves of Afghan refugees have landed in California looking to build new lives and reunite with family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every Afghan has their own journey,” said Fouzia Azizi, who left Afghanistan in 1994. She now directs refugee services at Jewish Family and Community Services East Bay, a local office of one of the nation’s largest resettlement agencies. “But one thing they all have in common is, in one way or another, they have all faced some level of persecution. There is no hope to go back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s especially true, she added, for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894472/walking-from-san-francisco-to-mountain-view-as-an-ode-to-lgbtq-afghans-and-refugees\">children, women, religious and ethnic minorities, LGBTQ+ people\u003c/a> and any Afghan who helped the U.S. military in the 20 years after Americans invaded in 2001 in response to the Sept. 11 attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re living in a limbo,” Azizi said. “There is a sense of trauma. There is a sense of anxiety. Mental health is to the next level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11888019\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51392_006_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Esmatullah Asadullah’s father buys Afghan bread made at Maiwand Market in Fremont on Aug. 27, 2021. The business became a staple for the Afghan community in the East Bay, who have come together over the past three and a half years to create networks of support for incoming Afghan families, who fled their country after the Taliban takeover in 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886733/san-francisco-turns-out-in-solidarity-with-worldwide-protest-for-afghan-lives\">chaotic withdrawal of American troops\u003c/a> in 2021, roughly 198,000 Afghans have come to the U.S., according to internal government documents reviewed by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of them came with official refugee status or were granted special visas for working for the U.S. mission as lawyers, interpreters and drivers. They have a path to permanent residence and eventual citizenship. But tens of thousands more are in limbo, with only temporary humanitarian protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/13/2025-08201/termination-of-the-designation-of-afghanistan-for-temporary-protected-status#citation-26-p20311\">has terminated\u003c/a> one of those protections, known as Temporary Protected Status, for an estimated 11,700 Afghans. While some of them have obtained green cards, as the program ends on July 14, roughly 8,000 Afghans with TPS are now vulnerable to deportation. Some refugees have also sought temporary protection through humanitarian parole and are applying for asylum, but the Trump administration has deported people with pending asylum applications and could also revoke parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPS has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020620/thebay-tps-trump\"> historically allowed people already in the U.S.\u003c/a> to stay and work legally if their countries are deemed unsafe. This includes countries experiencing armed conflict, natural disasters or other extraordinary conditions. The U.S. State Department still lists Afghanistan as “\u003ca href=\"https://2021-2025.state.gov/afghanistan-inquiries/\">Level 4: Do Not Travel\u003c/a>” because of the risk of terrorism, unlawful detention, civil unrest and kidnapping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing of the notice in the \u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-08201.pdf\">Federal Register\u003c/a> rescinding TPS for Afghan refugees asserted conditions in Afghanistan are improving, noting that Chinese tourism there has increased, as the rates of kidnappings have dropped. In that same notice, Noem noted the number of those in need of humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan has dropped to 23.7 million this year, compared to 29 million last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As former governor of South Dakota, Noem\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1JG492yg8s\"> criticized\u003c/a> the Biden administration programs taking in Afghan refugees during and after the fall of Kabul, doubting the adequacy of the vetting process. In recent days, Matthew Tragesser, chief of public affairs at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, echoed that partisan language in a \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/USCIS/status/1921928708216045702\">post\u003c/a> on social media platform X announcing the end of TPS: “Bad actors are taking advantage of this humanitarian program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many who fled Afghanistan under the auspices of \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/information-for-afghan-nationals\">Operation Allies Welcome\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.militaryonesource.mil/benefits/enduring-welcome-program/\">Operation Enduring Welcome\u003c/a> waited for years in third countries like Pakistan, Turkey and Qatar, often at U.S. military bases, as U.S. immigration authorities adjudicated their claims. Hundreds of thousands of people who have qualified to be in the pipeline for some kind of U.S. visa, including roughly 211,000 still in Afghanistan, now presumably have no hope of reuniting with family members in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 20, 2025, the Trump administration’s attack on immigration to the U.S. began with a \u003ca href=\"https://refugees.org/u-s-department-of-state-abandons-u-s-responsibility-for-safely-resettling-refugees/\">“no work”\u003c/a> order for resettlement services like JFCS East Bay. Since then, an unknown number of Afghans in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://abc11.com/post/department-homeland-security-deportation-afghan-refugees-triangle-receive-dhs-email-urging-deport/16188536/\">received emails\u003c/a> telling them to self-deport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghan refugees in the U.S. have been trying to lay low since President Donald Trump’s inauguration. “They’re so afraid. They’re terrified,” said Harris Mojadedi, a child of refugees born and raised in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040223\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-11-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harris Mojadedi, Assistant Dean of Strategic Initiatives, poses for a portrait at UC Berkeley on May 14, 2025.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These are people who are really ‘enemy number one’ for the Taliban, and so to send them back, to deport them, would really be a death sentence,” Mojadedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our federal representatives, I know, are advocating and supporting us, but the actions this government is taking are just so out of the realm of how, you know, the government typically operates,” Mojadedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressman Eric Swalwell represents most of eastern Alameda County and its Afghan community. In a statement, he condemned the decision to end TPS and called upon the administration to reverse course. He also called attention to the administration’s recent choice to extend refugee status to white South Africans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know many of my Republican colleagues feel the same, but it is time for them to grow a spine and stand up to Trump,” he wrote. “Trump is apparently more concerned with \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/05/10/afrikaner-refugees-trump-welcoming-white-south-africans/83557827007/\">protecting white South Africans\u003c/a> who have done nothing to protect American troops than he is with our Afghan Allies. It is unconscionable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mojadedi said he understands there’s a limit to what California’s predominantly Democratic representatives can do in a G.O.P.-dominated Washington D.C., but the cause of the Afghans is not politically partisan, any more than it was for Vietnamese refugees following the Vietnam War. Vietnamese refugees were offered permanent status under three congressional acts, but Congress has yet to offer something similar for Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought that President Trump was going to be a champion for the Afghans,” said Shawn VanDiver, a Navy veteran and president of the San Diego-based non-profit #\u003ca href=\"https://afghanevac.org/about\">AfghanEvac\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“If we hearken back, he is the one who negotiated the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-middle-east-taliban-doha-e6f48507848aef2ee849154604aa11be\">Doha agreement\u003c/a>. He brought the Taliban to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-harris-slams-trump-for-taliban-negotiations\">Camp David\u003c/a>. He brought Afghans to the White House in the first administration and lauded them during Medal of Honor ceremonies. We thought that, for sure, they would be supportive. And then on day one, they shut down the ongoing relocation program,” VanDiver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VanDiver said he’s been unable to meet with anybody in the second Trump Administration. It’s possible that other groups that are more politically conservative and not specifically nonpartisan, like #AfghanEvac, might have a better chance of getting an audience with the president. VanDiver said he hopes someone can convince President Trump he has an opportunity to “be a hero” and reverse the policies targeting Afghan immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think veterans and frontline civilians and everybody who’s involved in this are shocked at how it seems like these folks are just being thrown away,” VanDiver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If appeals to the president’s ego — or moral decency — don’t work, a lawsuit might force the current administration to at least hit the pause button on the decision to end TPS for Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/11/g-s1-59939/trump-afghanistan-tps-kristi-noem-dhs\">Noem signaled\u003c/a> last month that she would terminate the TPS designation for Afghans, a Maryland-based immigrant rights organization filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2025/05/TPS-Complaint.pdf\">federal lawsuit\u003c/a>. The suit argues for a stay and alleges the Trump administration’s decision was influenced by racial animus, violating the equal protection guarantees of the Fifth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The presiding judge denied CASA’s request to keep the protections in place during the litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on May 15, 2025.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California to Pay $14 Million to Former Student Abused at Deaf School in Fremont",
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"content": "\u003cp>The state of California will pay $14 million in a settlement involving a former student at the California School for the Deaf in Fremont, who allegedly endured years of abuse at the hands of a former employee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiff, whose identity has been concealed, was enrolled at the California School for the Deaf Fremont, or CSDF, between 2009 and 2011. The state-funded boarding school serves about 400 deaf and hard-of-hearing students, ages 3 to 21, from 46 counties across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doe filed a lawsuit in 2018, alleging that former employee Ricardo Rose abused him in his dorm room, beginning when Doe was 10 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Doe’s attorneys, Dave Ring, said Rose had a history of complaints from students and staff for inappropriate behavior. Although Rose had no criminal record at the time of his hiring over 30 years ago, Ring said concerns about his conduct grew over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A huge part of the problem is that the school had prior problems with this perpetrator,” Ring said. “They had had prior complaints from both students and from staff about his misconduct and behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ring said one staff member felt that Rose “was harassing her and she was actually afraid of him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She actually refused to work around him because she was in fear of him,” Ring said. “This was not some model employee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite repeated red flags, the school issued restrictions rather than asserting a zero-tolerance policy and removing Rose. One such restriction, Ring said, was that “he was not supposed to be anywhere near the bungalows after normal school hours, and yet he continued to go over there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about serious misconduct and serious complaints about boundary issues, about interactions with kids, about sexual harassment — and yet they don’t fire him,” Ring continued.[aside postID=news_11990571 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66175_20230608_ksuzuki_adelanteschool-111-KQED-1020x678.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ring, Rose, who is also deaf, threatened to “bite Doe’s fingers off” if he revealed the abuse to anyone, and at times choked him in his own dorm bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, after over two years of alleged abuse, Doe begged his parents to withdraw him from the school, though he didn’t explain why. It would be another seven years — once Doe turned 18 years old — before he came forward as an adult to report the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s expanded statute of limitations allows victims more time to bring forward abuse claims. After the police investigated Doe’s claims, the California Highway Patrol arrested Rose in the Hayward area on charges of child molestation and criminal threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ring said the $14 million settlement is the largest the state has ever paid to a single survivor of sexual abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that there are other victims of this perpetrator,” Ring said, emphasizing his concern that Rose is not in custody. “If they haven’t come forward already, I would urge them to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Liz Sanders, director of communications for the California Department of Education, said, “Student safety remains a top priority” for both the department and the state’s special schools, including the CSDF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since learning of these incidents, CSDF has taken additional protective measures for students,” Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasing residential staffing and providing additional training for residential staff are two of those actions, according to Sanders. She said the school has also “expanded monitoring capabilities” throughout the campus to help “ensure safe, supportive learning environments for current and future students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CSDF did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the experience was deeply traumatizing for Doe, Ring said his client has been in therapy and the litigation did provide a sense of closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It empowered him,” Ring said. “He made a difference, and they acknowledged that he had been seriously harmed. So all things considered, he is in a good spot right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state of California will pay $14 million in a settlement involving a former student at the California School for the Deaf in Fremont, who allegedly endured years of abuse at the hands of a former employee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiff, whose identity has been concealed, was enrolled at the California School for the Deaf Fremont, or CSDF, between 2009 and 2011. The state-funded boarding school serves about 400 deaf and hard-of-hearing students, ages 3 to 21, from 46 counties across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doe filed a lawsuit in 2018, alleging that former employee Ricardo Rose abused him in his dorm room, beginning when Doe was 10 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Doe’s attorneys, Dave Ring, said Rose had a history of complaints from students and staff for inappropriate behavior. Although Rose had no criminal record at the time of his hiring over 30 years ago, Ring said concerns about his conduct grew over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A huge part of the problem is that the school had prior problems with this perpetrator,” Ring said. “They had had prior complaints from both students and from staff about his misconduct and behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ring said one staff member felt that Rose “was harassing her and she was actually afraid of him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She actually refused to work around him because she was in fear of him,” Ring said. “This was not some model employee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite repeated red flags, the school issued restrictions rather than asserting a zero-tolerance policy and removing Rose. One such restriction, Ring said, was that “he was not supposed to be anywhere near the bungalows after normal school hours, and yet he continued to go over there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about serious misconduct and serious complaints about boundary issues, about interactions with kids, about sexual harassment — and yet they don’t fire him,” Ring continued.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ring, Rose, who is also deaf, threatened to “bite Doe’s fingers off” if he revealed the abuse to anyone, and at times choked him in his own dorm bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, after over two years of alleged abuse, Doe begged his parents to withdraw him from the school, though he didn’t explain why. It would be another seven years — once Doe turned 18 years old — before he came forward as an adult to report the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s expanded statute of limitations allows victims more time to bring forward abuse claims. After the police investigated Doe’s claims, the California Highway Patrol arrested Rose in the Hayward area on charges of child molestation and criminal threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ring said the $14 million settlement is the largest the state has ever paid to a single survivor of sexual abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that there are other victims of this perpetrator,” Ring said, emphasizing his concern that Rose is not in custody. “If they haven’t come forward already, I would urge them to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Liz Sanders, director of communications for the California Department of Education, said, “Student safety remains a top priority” for both the department and the state’s special schools, including the CSDF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since learning of these incidents, CSDF has taken additional protective measures for students,” Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasing residential staffing and providing additional training for residential staff are two of those actions, according to Sanders. She said the school has also “expanded monitoring capabilities” throughout the campus to help “ensure safe, supportive learning environments for current and future students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CSDF did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the experience was deeply traumatizing for Doe, Ring said his client has been in therapy and the litigation did provide a sense of closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It empowered him,” Ring said. “He made a difference, and they acknowledged that he had been seriously harmed. So all things considered, he is in a good spot right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Controversial Fremont Camping Ban on Hold Amid Legal Challenge",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:30 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026580/this-bay-area-city-just-passed-the-most-extreme-encampment-ban-in-california\">controversial camping ban\u003c/a> in Fremont was put on hold Thursday amid a legal challenge from advocates for unhoused residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Homeless Union, along with other local unhoused advocacy and faith-based organizations, filed a complaint on Tuesday in federal court seeking an injunction against the ban, which the group alleges is unduly harsh and violates a host of civil rights and religious freedom laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit asked the court to stop “what will otherwise be a completely preventable humanitarian crisis in the city of Fremont.” On Thursday, both parties agreed to pause litigation until the council’s final action on proposed amendments that sought to address the most contentious provision in the law. Fremont’s city attorney also agreed to recommend the city not enforce the ordinance, which goes into effect on March 13, until any changes are finalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law would make it illegal to store personal property, including camping gear, on public land. Because of this provision, the lawsuit alleges unhoused people who take even “rudimentary precautions against the elements will be arrested and their property will be seized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This particular ordinance is so broad, far-reaching, and punitive,” said Andrea Henson, one of the attorneys who filed the complaint, noting that the ban also applies to anyone living temporarily outdoors or using “camp paraphernalia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit was filed on the same day city leaders voted to support eliminating a clause in the new law that some advocates said would have allowed the city to arrest or fine people for providing tents, blankets, food, or other supplies to people experiencing homelessness, punishable by up to six months in jail or a fine of up to $1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The provision raised alarms with advocates and volunteers, who said it could have a chilling effect on outreach, food distribution and other efforts to provide much-needed help to unhoused people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But city leaders have pushed back on that characterization, claiming the ordinance’s language was being “weaponized” or misinterpreted. The city also issued a lengthy explanation of its intent after the law’s approval on Feb. 11, saying the ban “does not criminalize service workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, however, the city council ceded to those concerns, voting to remove the “aiding and abetting” section in an amendment that will need to be formally adopted at an upcoming meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are doing a good thing here by clarifying our intent,” Mayor Raj Salwan said. “We have said it at least 20 times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite striking the controversial clause from the camping ordinance, the city’s general municipal code contains a similar provision, and some residents and Henson said that could effectively allow for the same enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us, nothing has been changed, this is all fluid and moving very fast,” Henson said. “People are worried, volunteers are worried.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is one of several cities across California that have cracked down on encampments since the Supreme Court gave local officials more power to do so last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some residents have embraced the more aggressive laws in the hopes of seeing large, sprawling encampments cleared, many advocates and faith leaders have recoiled at Fremont’s approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is such a poorly crafted ordinance through and through,” Vivian Wan, CEO of Abode Services, said at the council meeting. Abode runs a shelter and other housing programs in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you wanted to actually solve a problem and bring people together like leaders are supposed to, you would have actually had that conversation before this ordinance was passed,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Godfrey, a resident, said at the meeting the city is gaining a reputation as one of the harshest in the nation when it comes to homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would suggest that we have been taking baby steps towards an authoritative police state rather than giant steps toward a truly compassionate city,” Godfrey said.[aside postID=news_12026580 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00250-1020x680.jpg']Even some council members appeared to be reconsidering elements of the law they voted to support just last month, such as Kathy Kimberlin and Teresa Keng.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They both indicated Tuesday they would support changing the law to remove the threat of a misdemeanor and arrest, and instead make camping ban violations punishable only by citation or infraction. However, the council majority did not support weakening the penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t think anything above (a citation) is going to change anything anyway,” Kimberlin said. “The fines probably aren’t going to be paid, anything is not going to be paid, and going to jail is not going to help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Yang Shao asked Police Chief Sean Washington, “Is our citation paper soft enough so they can use it as toilet paper?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberlin gasped and said, “Oh my stars.” An audience member was heard saying, “That was inappropriate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts said that since the Supreme Court’s ruling, cities and counties have been experimenting with how far their laws policing homelessness can go. Laura Riley, director of the Clinical Program at Berkeley Law, said lawsuits like the one filed by the California Homeless Union can help counterbalance these new ordinances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully, the pushback in the form of lawsuits like this will show that there are legal boundaries that should not be crossed,” Riley said. “What exactly those are; we have to wait to see what the courts do. But I do think it shows that municipalities can’t criminalize homelessness in a way that’s unchecked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:30 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026580/this-bay-area-city-just-passed-the-most-extreme-encampment-ban-in-california\">controversial camping ban\u003c/a> in Fremont was put on hold Thursday amid a legal challenge from advocates for unhoused residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Homeless Union, along with other local unhoused advocacy and faith-based organizations, filed a complaint on Tuesday in federal court seeking an injunction against the ban, which the group alleges is unduly harsh and violates a host of civil rights and religious freedom laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit asked the court to stop “what will otherwise be a completely preventable humanitarian crisis in the city of Fremont.” On Thursday, both parties agreed to pause litigation until the council’s final action on proposed amendments that sought to address the most contentious provision in the law. Fremont’s city attorney also agreed to recommend the city not enforce the ordinance, which goes into effect on March 13, until any changes are finalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law would make it illegal to store personal property, including camping gear, on public land. Because of this provision, the lawsuit alleges unhoused people who take even “rudimentary precautions against the elements will be arrested and their property will be seized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This particular ordinance is so broad, far-reaching, and punitive,” said Andrea Henson, one of the attorneys who filed the complaint, noting that the ban also applies to anyone living temporarily outdoors or using “camp paraphernalia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit was filed on the same day city leaders voted to support eliminating a clause in the new law that some advocates said would have allowed the city to arrest or fine people for providing tents, blankets, food, or other supplies to people experiencing homelessness, punishable by up to six months in jail or a fine of up to $1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The provision raised alarms with advocates and volunteers, who said it could have a chilling effect on outreach, food distribution and other efforts to provide much-needed help to unhoused people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But city leaders have pushed back on that characterization, claiming the ordinance’s language was being “weaponized” or misinterpreted. The city also issued a lengthy explanation of its intent after the law’s approval on Feb. 11, saying the ban “does not criminalize service workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, however, the city council ceded to those concerns, voting to remove the “aiding and abetting” section in an amendment that will need to be formally adopted at an upcoming meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are doing a good thing here by clarifying our intent,” Mayor Raj Salwan said. “We have said it at least 20 times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite striking the controversial clause from the camping ordinance, the city’s general municipal code contains a similar provision, and some residents and Henson said that could effectively allow for the same enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us, nothing has been changed, this is all fluid and moving very fast,” Henson said. “People are worried, volunteers are worried.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is one of several cities across California that have cracked down on encampments since the Supreme Court gave local officials more power to do so last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some residents have embraced the more aggressive laws in the hopes of seeing large, sprawling encampments cleared, many advocates and faith leaders have recoiled at Fremont’s approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is such a poorly crafted ordinance through and through,” Vivian Wan, CEO of Abode Services, said at the council meeting. Abode runs a shelter and other housing programs in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you wanted to actually solve a problem and bring people together like leaders are supposed to, you would have actually had that conversation before this ordinance was passed,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Godfrey, a resident, said at the meeting the city is gaining a reputation as one of the harshest in the nation when it comes to homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would suggest that we have been taking baby steps towards an authoritative police state rather than giant steps toward a truly compassionate city,” Godfrey said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Even some council members appeared to be reconsidering elements of the law they voted to support just last month, such as Kathy Kimberlin and Teresa Keng.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They both indicated Tuesday they would support changing the law to remove the threat of a misdemeanor and arrest, and instead make camping ban violations punishable only by citation or infraction. However, the council majority did not support weakening the penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t think anything above (a citation) is going to change anything anyway,” Kimberlin said. “The fines probably aren’t going to be paid, anything is not going to be paid, and going to jail is not going to help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Yang Shao asked Police Chief Sean Washington, “Is our citation paper soft enough so they can use it as toilet paper?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberlin gasped and said, “Oh my stars.” An audience member was heard saying, “That was inappropriate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts said that since the Supreme Court’s ruling, cities and counties have been experimenting with how far their laws policing homelessness can go. Laura Riley, director of the Clinical Program at Berkeley Law, said lawsuits like the one filed by the California Homeless Union can help counterbalance these new ordinances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully, the pushback in the form of lawsuits like this will show that there are legal boundaries that should not be crossed,” Riley said. “What exactly those are; we have to wait to see what the courts do. But I do think it shows that municipalities can’t criminalize homelessness in a way that’s unchecked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cities across California are cracking down on homeless encampments following a Supreme Court ruling last year giving local governments the O.K. to do so. Fremont recently took a bigger step than most, by also prohibiting anyone from “aiding and abetting” camping on public property and private land. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1651500540\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:01:16] Fremont now has one of, it seems like the most extreme camping bans in California is how I’ve seen it described. What would this ban, this ordinance that the city just passed, what would it do exactly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:01:30] So the basics are that it bans camping on public property citywide. It also bans camping on private property, and that includes residential property for more than three consecutive nights. The piece that’s really alarmed some people is that it prohibits anyone from, “permitting, aiding, abetting, or concealing camping” on any of that property. A violation of the ordinance is punishable by up to six months in jail or a fine of up to $1 ,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:14] Oh, wow. Okay, so when I hear aiding and abetting, I mean, are we talking about people giving a homeless person a blanket or having someone couch surf in your house? Like, what exactly do we mean when we say aiding and abetting?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:02:38] Well, it’s very unclear in the language of the ordinance itself, which is one of the huge issues that a lot of people have with this ordinance. City officials say that they intend to apply it narrowly, but that language is not in the ordinance itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:03:03] I mean, Vanessa, has there ever been a camping ban quite like this in California, like the one Fremont just passed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:03:09] So the legal experts I talked to say no. There are certainly laws that ban camping on public property anytime, anywhere, but certainly in California, they say that there is no camping ban that includes this sort of aiding and abetting language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:03:31] When you hear from city officials about why they passed this ordinance, I mean, how do they talk about the intention here? What do city leaders say about that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:03:42] Good evening, everybody. I’d like to call the city council meeting to order for February 12th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:03:49] At the city council meeting where council members were considering adopting this ordinance, they brought out a number of city officials to answer their questions. So the head of economic development spoke about some of the impacts of homelessness on the business community. People in charge of homelessness services laid out all of the city’s different efforts around homelessness and the amount of money being spent, which they said is roughly around $8 million a year. And the chief of police, Sean Washington, spoke about how he intended for his officers to use this ordinance, like how they would enforce it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sean Washington \u003c/strong>[00:04:33] The intent will never be to arrest someone for being unhoused. And in fact, our policies prohibit us from doing that. This ordinance is another tool to bring some balance to where there’s conflict or a hazard or a safety concern to our community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:04:59] They frame it as an attempt to take a, quote, balanced approach to dealing with homelessness. So they point out all of the investments that the city has made in providing services, roughly $8 million a year, rental assistance, financial coaching. I mean, there’s mobile health services. As a result, the mayor is proud to point out that they’ve reduced homelessness by more than 20 % from 2022 to 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sean Washington \u003c/strong>[00:05:39] What, I guess, is the fear here that you’re hearing, especially from advocates of the unhoused?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:05:45] For a lot of people, this ordinance came as a bit of a shock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:05:51] It’s a sweeping ban that criminalizes homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:05:56] I talked to Vivian Wan. She’s the CEO of Abode Services. They’re a provider that runs a shelter and some other housing programs in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:06:04] We have decades of evidence that that bans like this don’t actually solve homelessness and they actually don’t help cities and communities either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:06:14] She was very worried that just performing core job functions like handing out water, blankets, things that her outreach workers do all the time could violate this law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:06:29] If we don’t disclose where someone is sleeping outside, would that be concealing? So it’s just so egregious in every way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:06:38] Legal experts and advocates, services providers all talked about how vague the language in this ordinance is, right? They said your intentions, no matter how clearly you council members or you police chief or you city attorney say that the intention of this ordinance is to do one thing, the ordinance will be interpreted by courts based on the language that is in it. The language is so broad that people find that very scary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:07:14] Yeah, and I guess as someone who knows very intimately what homelessness looks like in Fremont as someone who’s working with unhoused folks, what do people like Vivian think the city should be doing instead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:07:29] She points to research evidence that laws like this can have a cascade of negative consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:07:38] People are going to be moving more and not actually working towards their housing goals, you know, hiding more, more scared to actually, you know, get services and move towards housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:07:49] People talk about the stress of constantly moving as really destabilizing for people living on the streets, right? That that can exacerbate mental health problems, it can worsen addiction and that pushing people to more hidden areas takes them away from services. Providers could make it harder for outreach workers to find them. And that can be really harmful in terms of a person’s progress towards finding housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:08:20] It’s not that people don’t want to come inside and you need a stick to get people come inside. There is a lack of resources, a lack of a lack of housing resources. And if there is a ban, it’s not going to solve either one of those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:08:37] I mean, what have you heard from people who live in Fremont about how they’re feeling about this idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:08:47] At this time, we will open the floor for public comment. How many cards do we have?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:08:53] One hundred and ninety four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:08:55] Okay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:08:56] Yeah, there were more than 70 people who spoke during public comment at this meeting. And there were many, many more who wanted to speak, but didn’t get the chance because of the time limit that was imposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:09:08] Have personally supported homeless outreach efforts. And I believe in compassionate solutions, but allowing encampments is not a solution. It’s neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:09:17] And the people who spoke in favor of this law were really appealing to the council to deal with trash and noise and loose dogs. They talked about not being able to open their windows because of campfire smoke from encampments. They complained about parking lots that reek of urine and people showering in their yards or stealing stuff out of their backyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:09:43] My neighbor has people defecate their front porch, their door continuously for two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:09:55] There were also business owners who talked about their customers complaining to them about encampments surrounding the businesses or just deciding not to patronize those businesses. The public appeared to be deeply divided because a lot of people also spoke during public comment against this ordinance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:10:16] I have sympathy for the businesses and residents experiencing the negative effects of some of the unhoused, but most unhoused folks are not creating these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:10:27] Criminalizing the unhoused and those who help them is inhumane and wrong in every way for a city that claims to be compassionate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:10:41] I mean, so a lot of competing opinions here, it sounds like, but how did the council ultimately vote on this ordinance, Vanessa?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:10:50] After about four and a half hours, they passed it six to one. It was just the vice mayor, Desiree Campbell, who voted against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:11:02] Well, Vanessa, I want to step back just a little bit and just ask you, I mean, why is this happening in Fremont and why is this happening, I guess, now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:11:14] As you probably remember, last summer, the Supreme Court ruled that enforcing laws banning public camping is not a violation of the constitution’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. So cities can fine and jail people under these laws, whether or not there’s alternative shelter available. And a lot of officials, including Governor Newsom, a lot of mayors around California, really welcomed this decision because they said it was going to allow them to do more to clean up encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:11:55] Zooming in on Fremont, it’s also one of those cities in the Bay Area that doesn’t have enough shelter beds for the number of people who are, in fact, houseless, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:12:05] That’s right. So city staff went over shelter figures at this city council meeting. And according to them, there are 111 year -round shelter beds in the city, plus another 18 reserved for victims of domestic violence. And at the last point in time count, there were around 800 people experiencing homelessness in the city. 600 of those are unsheltered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:12:34] That doesn’t seem particularly unique, but what is your sense of why this is happening in Fremont in particular?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:12:43] The city has a new mayor, Raj Salwan. He was elected in November and he ran on the promise of change and common sense solutions. So he pitched himself as kind of a problem solver. And homelessness and public safety were among his top issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raj Salwan \u003c/strong>[00:13:01] You know, frankly, this is complaint driven. So nobody’s going to go around trying to see if somebody’s sleeping outdoors. That’s not the goal. The goal is to address the health and safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:13:11] He told me when I interviewed him that his constituents talk about homelessness a lot, but it’s like one of the things that they most want addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raj Salwan \u003c/strong>[00:13:22] And we’ve heard concerns about fires and safety and dogs running wild. So we just need a little bit of a code of conduct to kind of rein things in a little bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:13:36] He acknowledged that it’s not a solution. He said the city would continue to invest in services and shelter and affordable housing, but he talked about wanting to do something for his constituents who have so many complaints about homeless encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raj Salwan \u003c/strong>[00:14:00] This is what our community is seeking. They want to help our unhoused individuals, but they also want to be able to walk to their normal park and feel safe. And so that’s kind of what we’re trying to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:14:18] What do unhoused people that you spoke with say about how they’re feeling about this ordinance and what it’s going to mean for them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:14:26] I went to an encampment at the edge of the city. It’s along this creek. And one of the people I talked to was a woman named Jasmine Grijalva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jasmine Grijalva \u003c/strong>[00:14:34] It’s just kind of bizonk though for them to try to tell us that we don’t have the right to try to figure out how we’re going to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:14:42] She estimated there are around 30 people living around this creek, and she said that they had ended up there because it was sort of hidden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jasmine Grijalva \u003c/strong>[00:14:51] What are we supposed to do? Just stand around on corners or in front of the stores or in making beds in front of the stores? They don’t want that either. So where do we go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:15:02] She appealed to people to recognize the humanity of unhoused people and to try to find a way to live in harmony with people who, in her view, don’t have another option. They don’t have an option to be indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jasmine Grijalva \u003c/strong>[00:15:20] They don’t like looking at us. They don’t want to deal with us. But we’re also, we’re humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:15:29] Often I hear unhoused people talk about the idea of sanctioned encampments, you know, some sort of safe space where they can continue to live outside in community, but not worry about being policed and pushed from place to place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jasmine Grijalva \u003c/strong>[00:15:46] If you’re going to kick us out, give us somewhere else that we can be at. Give us something. Don’t just take it all away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:15:59] Seems like it’s not necessarily about one person, one new city leader, sort of trying to push this forward, but really a reflection of what people in Fremont want and sort of where they’re at and how they want the city to deal with homelessness. And it seems like people are asking for more punitive measures here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:16:30] I mean, there was just this proliferation of public, of visible homelessness during COVID and the cities repeatedly were often were blaming court rulings for tying their hands when it came to addressing these encampments. So as soon as they got the opening from the Supreme Court, they really moved to crack down. And a big part of that does have to do with public frustration.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Fremont Passes California’s Most Extreme Encampment Ban | KQED",
"description": "Cities across California are cracking down on homeless encampments following a Supreme Court ruling last year giving local governments the O.K. to do so. Fremont recently took a bigger step than most, by also prohibiting anyone from “aiding and abetting” camping on public property and private land. Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local. This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors. Ericka Cruz Guevarra Fremont now has one of, it seems like",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cities across California are cracking down on homeless encampments following a Supreme Court ruling last year giving local governments the O.K. to do so. Fremont recently took a bigger step than most, by also prohibiting anyone from “aiding and abetting” camping on public property and private land. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1651500540\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:01:16] Fremont now has one of, it seems like the most extreme camping bans in California is how I’ve seen it described. What would this ban, this ordinance that the city just passed, what would it do exactly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:01:30] So the basics are that it bans camping on public property citywide. It also bans camping on private property, and that includes residential property for more than three consecutive nights. The piece that’s really alarmed some people is that it prohibits anyone from, “permitting, aiding, abetting, or concealing camping” on any of that property. A violation of the ordinance is punishable by up to six months in jail or a fine of up to $1 ,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:14] Oh, wow. Okay, so when I hear aiding and abetting, I mean, are we talking about people giving a homeless person a blanket or having someone couch surf in your house? Like, what exactly do we mean when we say aiding and abetting?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:02:38] Well, it’s very unclear in the language of the ordinance itself, which is one of the huge issues that a lot of people have with this ordinance. City officials say that they intend to apply it narrowly, but that language is not in the ordinance itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:03:03] I mean, Vanessa, has there ever been a camping ban quite like this in California, like the one Fremont just passed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:03:09] So the legal experts I talked to say no. There are certainly laws that ban camping on public property anytime, anywhere, but certainly in California, they say that there is no camping ban that includes this sort of aiding and abetting language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:03:31] When you hear from city officials about why they passed this ordinance, I mean, how do they talk about the intention here? What do city leaders say about that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:03:42] Good evening, everybody. I’d like to call the city council meeting to order for February 12th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:03:49] At the city council meeting where council members were considering adopting this ordinance, they brought out a number of city officials to answer their questions. So the head of economic development spoke about some of the impacts of homelessness on the business community. People in charge of homelessness services laid out all of the city’s different efforts around homelessness and the amount of money being spent, which they said is roughly around $8 million a year. And the chief of police, Sean Washington, spoke about how he intended for his officers to use this ordinance, like how they would enforce it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sean Washington \u003c/strong>[00:04:33] The intent will never be to arrest someone for being unhoused. And in fact, our policies prohibit us from doing that. This ordinance is another tool to bring some balance to where there’s conflict or a hazard or a safety concern to our community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:04:59] They frame it as an attempt to take a, quote, balanced approach to dealing with homelessness. So they point out all of the investments that the city has made in providing services, roughly $8 million a year, rental assistance, financial coaching. I mean, there’s mobile health services. As a result, the mayor is proud to point out that they’ve reduced homelessness by more than 20 % from 2022 to 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sean Washington \u003c/strong>[00:05:39] What, I guess, is the fear here that you’re hearing, especially from advocates of the unhoused?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:05:45] For a lot of people, this ordinance came as a bit of a shock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:05:51] It’s a sweeping ban that criminalizes homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:05:56] I talked to Vivian Wan. She’s the CEO of Abode Services. They’re a provider that runs a shelter and some other housing programs in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:06:04] We have decades of evidence that that bans like this don’t actually solve homelessness and they actually don’t help cities and communities either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:06:14] She was very worried that just performing core job functions like handing out water, blankets, things that her outreach workers do all the time could violate this law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:06:29] If we don’t disclose where someone is sleeping outside, would that be concealing? So it’s just so egregious in every way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:06:38] Legal experts and advocates, services providers all talked about how vague the language in this ordinance is, right? They said your intentions, no matter how clearly you council members or you police chief or you city attorney say that the intention of this ordinance is to do one thing, the ordinance will be interpreted by courts based on the language that is in it. The language is so broad that people find that very scary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:07:14] Yeah, and I guess as someone who knows very intimately what homelessness looks like in Fremont as someone who’s working with unhoused folks, what do people like Vivian think the city should be doing instead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:07:29] She points to research evidence that laws like this can have a cascade of negative consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:07:38] People are going to be moving more and not actually working towards their housing goals, you know, hiding more, more scared to actually, you know, get services and move towards housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:07:49] People talk about the stress of constantly moving as really destabilizing for people living on the streets, right? That that can exacerbate mental health problems, it can worsen addiction and that pushing people to more hidden areas takes them away from services. Providers could make it harder for outreach workers to find them. And that can be really harmful in terms of a person’s progress towards finding housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:08:20] It’s not that people don’t want to come inside and you need a stick to get people come inside. There is a lack of resources, a lack of a lack of housing resources. And if there is a ban, it’s not going to solve either one of those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vivian Wan \u003c/strong>[00:08:37] I mean, what have you heard from people who live in Fremont about how they’re feeling about this idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:08:47] At this time, we will open the floor for public comment. How many cards do we have?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:08:53] One hundred and ninety four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:08:55] Okay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:08:56] Yeah, there were more than 70 people who spoke during public comment at this meeting. And there were many, many more who wanted to speak, but didn’t get the chance because of the time limit that was imposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:09:08] Have personally supported homeless outreach efforts. And I believe in compassionate solutions, but allowing encampments is not a solution. It’s neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:09:17] And the people who spoke in favor of this law were really appealing to the council to deal with trash and noise and loose dogs. They talked about not being able to open their windows because of campfire smoke from encampments. They complained about parking lots that reek of urine and people showering in their yards or stealing stuff out of their backyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:09:43] My neighbor has people defecate their front porch, their door continuously for two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:09:55] There were also business owners who talked about their customers complaining to them about encampments surrounding the businesses or just deciding not to patronize those businesses. The public appeared to be deeply divided because a lot of people also spoke during public comment against this ordinance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:10:16] I have sympathy for the businesses and residents experiencing the negative effects of some of the unhoused, but most unhoused folks are not creating these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City Council Meeting \u003c/strong>[00:10:27] Criminalizing the unhoused and those who help them is inhumane and wrong in every way for a city that claims to be compassionate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:10:41] I mean, so a lot of competing opinions here, it sounds like, but how did the council ultimately vote on this ordinance, Vanessa?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:10:50] After about four and a half hours, they passed it six to one. It was just the vice mayor, Desiree Campbell, who voted against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:11:02] Well, Vanessa, I want to step back just a little bit and just ask you, I mean, why is this happening in Fremont and why is this happening, I guess, now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:11:14] As you probably remember, last summer, the Supreme Court ruled that enforcing laws banning public camping is not a violation of the constitution’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. So cities can fine and jail people under these laws, whether or not there’s alternative shelter available. And a lot of officials, including Governor Newsom, a lot of mayors around California, really welcomed this decision because they said it was going to allow them to do more to clean up encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:11:55] Zooming in on Fremont, it’s also one of those cities in the Bay Area that doesn’t have enough shelter beds for the number of people who are, in fact, houseless, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:12:05] That’s right. So city staff went over shelter figures at this city council meeting. And according to them, there are 111 year -round shelter beds in the city, plus another 18 reserved for victims of domestic violence. And at the last point in time count, there were around 800 people experiencing homelessness in the city. 600 of those are unsheltered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:12:34] That doesn’t seem particularly unique, but what is your sense of why this is happening in Fremont in particular?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:12:43] The city has a new mayor, Raj Salwan. He was elected in November and he ran on the promise of change and common sense solutions. So he pitched himself as kind of a problem solver. And homelessness and public safety were among his top issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raj Salwan \u003c/strong>[00:13:01] You know, frankly, this is complaint driven. So nobody’s going to go around trying to see if somebody’s sleeping outdoors. That’s not the goal. The goal is to address the health and safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:13:11] He told me when I interviewed him that his constituents talk about homelessness a lot, but it’s like one of the things that they most want addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raj Salwan \u003c/strong>[00:13:22] And we’ve heard concerns about fires and safety and dogs running wild. So we just need a little bit of a code of conduct to kind of rein things in a little bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:13:36] He acknowledged that it’s not a solution. He said the city would continue to invest in services and shelter and affordable housing, but he talked about wanting to do something for his constituents who have so many complaints about homeless encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raj Salwan \u003c/strong>[00:14:00] This is what our community is seeking. They want to help our unhoused individuals, but they also want to be able to walk to their normal park and feel safe. And so that’s kind of what we’re trying to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:14:18] What do unhoused people that you spoke with say about how they’re feeling about this ordinance and what it’s going to mean for them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:14:26] I went to an encampment at the edge of the city. It’s along this creek. And one of the people I talked to was a woman named Jasmine Grijalva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jasmine Grijalva \u003c/strong>[00:14:34] It’s just kind of bizonk though for them to try to tell us that we don’t have the right to try to figure out how we’re going to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:14:42] She estimated there are around 30 people living around this creek, and she said that they had ended up there because it was sort of hidden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jasmine Grijalva \u003c/strong>[00:14:51] What are we supposed to do? Just stand around on corners or in front of the stores or in making beds in front of the stores? They don’t want that either. So where do we go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:15:02] She appealed to people to recognize the humanity of unhoused people and to try to find a way to live in harmony with people who, in her view, don’t have another option. They don’t have an option to be indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jasmine Grijalva \u003c/strong>[00:15:20] They don’t like looking at us. They don’t want to deal with us. But we’re also, we’re humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:15:29] Often I hear unhoused people talk about the idea of sanctioned encampments, you know, some sort of safe space where they can continue to live outside in community, but not worry about being policed and pushed from place to place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jasmine Grijalva \u003c/strong>[00:15:46] If you’re going to kick us out, give us somewhere else that we can be at. Give us something. Don’t just take it all away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:15:59] Seems like it’s not necessarily about one person, one new city leader, sort of trying to push this forward, but really a reflection of what people in Fremont want and sort of where they’re at and how they want the city to deal with homelessness. And it seems like people are asking for more punitive measures here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanessa Rancaño \u003c/strong>[00:16:30] I mean, there was just this proliferation of public, of visible homelessness during COVID and the cities repeatedly were often were blaming court rulings for tying their hands when it came to addressing these encampments. So as soon as they got the opening from the Supreme Court, they really moved to crack down. And a big part of that does have to do with public frustration.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Fremont city leaders on Tuesday night passed what could be the state’s most extreme \u003ca href=\"https://fremontcityca.iqm2.com/Citizens/Detail_LegiFile.aspx?Frame=&MeetingID=2006&MediaPosition=&ID=5341&CssClass=\">anti-camping law\u003c/a> over widespread condemnation from legal advocates and homeless services providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026508/this-bay-area-citys-encampment-ban-could-become-the-toughest-in-the-state\">bans camping\u003c/a> on not only public property but also private land, including on residential property, for more than three consecutive nights. In what appears to be the first ban of its kind, it also prohibits anyone from “permitting, aiding, abetting or concealing” camping on those lands — a provision so broad advocates warn it could have a chilling effect on outreach, food distribution and other efforts to provide much-needed help to unhoused people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A violation is punishable by up to six months in jail or a fine of up to $1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four and a half hours of discussion and impassioned public comment, the City Council voted 6–1 in favor of the plan, with only Vice Mayor Desrie Campbell opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must balance accountability with compassion,” Mayor Raj Salwan said. “We can’t just say, ‘Let’s just leave things as they are,’ because whatever we’re doing is not enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities across California have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11997352/newsom-orders-state-agencies-to-dismantle-homeless-encampments-across-california\">cracked down\u003c/a> on encampments since the Supreme Court gave local officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991340/supreme-court-says-laws-criminalizing-homeless-camping-do-not-violate-constitution\">more power to do so\u003c/a> last summer, though none to the extent of Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Tars, policy director for the National Homelessness Law Center, called the city’s ordinance “both unprecedented and deeply cruel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NHLC was among 20 organizations that signed on to a Feb. 7 letter to the council warning that the law could lead to “devastating humanitarian consequences” and arguing that the language was so broad as to be “patently unreasonable,” exposing the city to legal liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Council members were prepared to amend the ordinance on Tuesday by asking the city attorney to add language clarifying that providing food or clothing to people living on the streets wouldn’t be punishable under the ordinance while helping someone to build a shelter outdoors would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they opted against that because it would have meant delaying a vote until March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026493\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026493\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jasmine Grijalva poses for a portrait near Quarry Lakes Drive in Fremont, California, on Feb. 10, 2025. Grijalva has been unhoused since moving from the Central Valley to the Bay Area in June 2020. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Local services providers have raised concerns that they would run afoul of the law by performing core job functions, like handing out water and blankets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If my staff gives someone a blanket so they don’t freeze at night or a bottle of water, that would be considered aiding, right?” Vivian Wan, CEO of Abode Services, told KQED. Abode runs a shelter and other housing programs in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabyl Landrum, an attorney for the East Bay Community Law Center’s homelessness unit, said the ordinance was so broad that residents could potentially be cited for letting a family member stay in an RV in their driveway or pitch a tent in their backyard if they did so for more than three days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Salwan dismissed those concerns. In an interview, he said the language in the ordinance had been “weaponized” and insisted the council was taking a “common sense” approach intended to give officials a tool to deal with the camps that have received the most complaints about health and safety hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is not to penalize people for giving water or food or a tent or some support services,” he said. “Absolutely not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026496\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Devante Booth practices the acoustic guitar outside of his makeshift shelter near Quarry Lakes Drive in Fremont, Calif. In addition to playing the guitar, Booth collects Lego sets and repairs bicycles for others in the community. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The council heard public comment on Tuesday from over 70 community members, who were deeply divided on the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those in favor appealed to the council to address trash, noise, loose dogs and campfire smoke in their neighborhoods. They complained about urine-soaked parking lots, people showering in their yards or stealing from them, and worried aloud about encampment fires spreading to their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Gutierrez, a small-business owner, said customers have to navigate an encampment to reach his door and voice concerns about their safety, “or they’ve just decided not to patronize our business at all,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argued the law was inhumane and counterproductive, misusing money while driving people deeper into homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are better ways these funds can be used, such as social services like Housing First initiatives and affordable housing, which are the only true long-term options if you don’t want people to camp,” said resident Sierra Fields, “and these are true public safety options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026498\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jasmine Grijalva drives a golf ball across open public space as Devante Booth looks on near Quarry Lakes Drive in Fremont, Calif., on Feb. 10, 2025. They are among approximately 40 people who live in an encampment at this location. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salwan and other council members acknowledged that the ordinance is not a solution and said they would continue to invest in emergency shelter and affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s budget for the 2024–25 fiscal year included $8 million on homelessness services and enforcement, according to city staff. The city has \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.acgov.org/data_point_in_time.page?\">cut homelessness by more than 20% since 2022\u003c/a>, but there were still over 600 people living unsheltered at last count — and the city has just 129 year-round shelter beds.[aside postID=news_11997352 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GavinNewsomGetty.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law is set to go into effect in 30 days. Fremont Police Chief Sean Washington told the council his officers would only rely on it in “extreme situations,” where there are health or safety hazards and “we are unable to get voluntary compliance,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal advocates emphasized that regardless of agency policies and lawmakers’ intentions, as written, the law’s broad language allows it to be applied broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those concerned is state Assemblymember Alex Lee, who represents Fremont and said he was “frankly embarrassed” by the city’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he was looking into legislative action to reign in proliferating laws policing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to continue helping, aiding and abetting unhoused neighbors,” he said. “I’m never going to stop doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfZ-ZKtuSHdeWqxooQwfEcr-oiOpdpJcf2RLZInU7aqjjQlRQ/viewform?embedded=true\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Fremont’s new law not only restricts camping on public and private property but also prohibits aiding, abetting and concealing it. Advocates warn of unintended consequences — and lawsuits.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fremont city leaders on Tuesday night passed what could be the state’s most extreme \u003ca href=\"https://fremontcityca.iqm2.com/Citizens/Detail_LegiFile.aspx?Frame=&MeetingID=2006&MediaPosition=&ID=5341&CssClass=\">anti-camping law\u003c/a> over widespread condemnation from legal advocates and homeless services providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026508/this-bay-area-citys-encampment-ban-could-become-the-toughest-in-the-state\">bans camping\u003c/a> on not only public property but also private land, including on residential property, for more than three consecutive nights. In what appears to be the first ban of its kind, it also prohibits anyone from “permitting, aiding, abetting or concealing” camping on those lands — a provision so broad advocates warn it could have a chilling effect on outreach, food distribution and other efforts to provide much-needed help to unhoused people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A violation is punishable by up to six months in jail or a fine of up to $1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four and a half hours of discussion and impassioned public comment, the City Council voted 6–1 in favor of the plan, with only Vice Mayor Desrie Campbell opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must balance accountability with compassion,” Mayor Raj Salwan said. “We can’t just say, ‘Let’s just leave things as they are,’ because whatever we’re doing is not enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities across California have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11997352/newsom-orders-state-agencies-to-dismantle-homeless-encampments-across-california\">cracked down\u003c/a> on encampments since the Supreme Court gave local officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991340/supreme-court-says-laws-criminalizing-homeless-camping-do-not-violate-constitution\">more power to do so\u003c/a> last summer, though none to the extent of Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Tars, policy director for the National Homelessness Law Center, called the city’s ordinance “both unprecedented and deeply cruel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NHLC was among 20 organizations that signed on to a Feb. 7 letter to the council warning that the law could lead to “devastating humanitarian consequences” and arguing that the language was so broad as to be “patently unreasonable,” exposing the city to legal liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Council members were prepared to amend the ordinance on Tuesday by asking the city attorney to add language clarifying that providing food or clothing to people living on the streets wouldn’t be punishable under the ordinance while helping someone to build a shelter outdoors would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they opted against that because it would have meant delaying a vote until March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026493\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026493\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00117-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jasmine Grijalva poses for a portrait near Quarry Lakes Drive in Fremont, California, on Feb. 10, 2025. Grijalva has been unhoused since moving from the Central Valley to the Bay Area in June 2020. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Local services providers have raised concerns that they would run afoul of the law by performing core job functions, like handing out water and blankets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If my staff gives someone a blanket so they don’t freeze at night or a bottle of water, that would be considered aiding, right?” Vivian Wan, CEO of Abode Services, told KQED. Abode runs a shelter and other housing programs in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabyl Landrum, an attorney for the East Bay Community Law Center’s homelessness unit, said the ordinance was so broad that residents could potentially be cited for letting a family member stay in an RV in their driveway or pitch a tent in their backyard if they did so for more than three days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Salwan dismissed those concerns. In an interview, he said the language in the ordinance had been “weaponized” and insisted the council was taking a “common sense” approach intended to give officials a tool to deal with the camps that have received the most complaints about health and safety hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is not to penalize people for giving water or food or a tent or some support services,” he said. “Absolutely not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026496\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00457-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Devante Booth practices the acoustic guitar outside of his makeshift shelter near Quarry Lakes Drive in Fremont, Calif. In addition to playing the guitar, Booth collects Lego sets and repairs bicycles for others in the community. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The council heard public comment on Tuesday from over 70 community members, who were deeply divided on the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those in favor appealed to the council to address trash, noise, loose dogs and campfire smoke in their neighborhoods. They complained about urine-soaked parking lots, people showering in their yards or stealing from them, and worried aloud about encampment fires spreading to their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Gutierrez, a small-business owner, said customers have to navigate an encampment to reach his door and voice concerns about their safety, “or they’ve just decided not to patronize our business at all,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argued the law was inhumane and counterproductive, misusing money while driving people deeper into homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are better ways these funds can be used, such as social services like Housing First initiatives and affordable housing, which are the only true long-term options if you don’t want people to camp,” said resident Sierra Fields, “and these are true public safety options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026498\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00765-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jasmine Grijalva drives a golf ball across open public space as Devante Booth looks on near Quarry Lakes Drive in Fremont, Calif., on Feb. 10, 2025. They are among approximately 40 people who live in an encampment at this location. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salwan and other council members acknowledged that the ordinance is not a solution and said they would continue to invest in emergency shelter and affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s budget for the 2024–25 fiscal year included $8 million on homelessness services and enforcement, according to city staff. The city has \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.acgov.org/data_point_in_time.page?\">cut homelessness by more than 20% since 2022\u003c/a>, but there were still over 600 people living unsheltered at last count — and the city has just 129 year-round shelter beds.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law is set to go into effect in 30 days. Fremont Police Chief Sean Washington told the council his officers would only rely on it in “extreme situations,” where there are health or safety hazards and “we are unable to get voluntary compliance,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal advocates emphasized that regardless of agency policies and lawmakers’ intentions, as written, the law’s broad language allows it to be applied broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those concerned is state Assemblymember Alex Lee, who represents Fremont and said he was “frankly embarrassed” by the city’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he was looking into legislative action to reign in proliferating laws policing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to continue helping, aiding and abetting unhoused neighbors,” he said. “I’m never going to stop doing that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe\n src='https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfZ-ZKtuSHdeWqxooQwfEcr-oiOpdpJcf2RLZInU7aqjjQlRQ/viewform?embedded=true?embedded=true'\n title='https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfZ-ZKtuSHdeWqxooQwfEcr-oiOpdpJcf2RLZInU7aqjjQlRQ/viewform?embedded=true'\n width='760' height='500'\n frameborder='0'\n marginheight='0' marginwidth='0'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"source": "Possible"
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"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
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