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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Hillary Ronen is urging the city to prepare for the fire next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and local air regulators need to equip every school classroom in the city with an air filtration system and purchase thousands of air respirator masks, Ronen said, in anticipation of the next massive California wildfire that sends unhealthy amounts of smoke into the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"San Francisco is in a state of crisis,\" said Ronen Tuesday. \"Our current emergency systems are inadequate to handle the dangers of unbreathable air.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to being the supervisor from District 9, Ronen sits on the Bay Area Air Quality Management District's board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's my responsibility in those dual roles to take some leadership in preparing for this very scary situation we continue to find ourselves in,\" Ronen said. \"We cannot breathe the air and be healthy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed defended the city's reaction to the air quality problems on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think overall we've had a good response and we are fortunate that we have not seen a spike in the number of emergency-type situations since this has occurred,\" Breed said. \"I say that's pretty good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the Camp Fire in Butte County, the most destructive and deadliest wildfire in California history, has streamed into the region for close to two weeks, fouling the air in a significant portion of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the standard \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Quality Index\u003c/a>, used by the EPA and other agencies, the air has been mostly\"unhealthy\" and at times \"hazardous,\" prompting hundreds of thousands of local residents to stay indoors and use N95 masks when venturing out. The heavy levels of pollution also prompted scores of school districts and universities to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706988/to-close-or-not-to-close-for-bad-air-no-easy-answer-for-bay-area-schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cancel classes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SF_emergency/status/1064911221034340352\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFUnified/status/1063194688323170304\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials last Friday \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/20181116-airquality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opened extra shelter mats \u003c/a>to help homeless people escape the dangerous air. The city's Homeless Outreach Team also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707098/san-francisco-expands-homeless-outreach-services-in-response-to-unhealthy-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offered masks\u003c/a> to people living on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some homeless advocates say \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/advocates-say-city-failed-distribute-enough-air-masks-protect-homeless-smoky-air/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that was not enough\u003c/a> and that the city should have handed out more masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronen could not find a respirator mask in San Francisco to fit her 6-year-old child\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>an experience other parents have had in the Bay Area. She said that has led her to call on the air district and city officials to make sure there are enough masks on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday the San Francisco Unified School District canceled classes due to the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I find that scary and unacceptable,\" Ronen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District officials say they've worked to improve the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of our schools were built before the 1950s, but they have all gone through modernization,\" SFUSD spokeswoman Laura Dudnick said. \"As part of that modernization program, we check to make sure there's proper air circulation. Schools with mechanical ventilation systems have standard air filters as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how much it would cost to purchase thousands of masks and hundreds of air filtration systems. Ronen said she would work with the city's legislative and budget analyst, the SFUSD and the air district to determine a price tag and a proper source of funding to pay for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Relying on PG&E\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronen also said Pacific Gas & Electric's actions and the concerns about its future financial health in the wake of the Camp Fire mean San Francisco should accelerate its transition away from relying on the company for electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power lines operated by PG&E have been scrutinized as potentially starting the Camp Fire. Cal Fire has blamed PG&E for causing more than a dozen wildfires that ravaged parts of Northern California last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those investigations and a string of lawsuits have some observers predicting the utility could file for bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CleanPower SF, the city's program providing customers with energy from green energy sources, relies on PG&E to deliver that energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city should start the process of becoming independent from the company, Ronen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's time for San Francisco to either buy that grid from PG&E or build our own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Khing, a PG&E representative, declined to comment on Ronen's remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, our entire company is focused on supporting first responders and assisting our customers and communities impacted by the Camp Fire,\" Khing said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Hillary Ronen is urging the city to prepare for the fire next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and local air regulators need to equip every school classroom in the city with an air filtration system and purchase thousands of air respirator masks, Ronen said, in anticipation of the next massive California wildfire that sends unhealthy amounts of smoke into the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"San Francisco is in a state of crisis,\" said Ronen Tuesday. \"Our current emergency systems are inadequate to handle the dangers of unbreathable air.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to being the supervisor from District 9, Ronen sits on the Bay Area Air Quality Management District's board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's my responsibility in those dual roles to take some leadership in preparing for this very scary situation we continue to find ourselves in,\" Ronen said. \"We cannot breathe the air and be healthy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed defended the city's reaction to the air quality problems on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think overall we've had a good response and we are fortunate that we have not seen a spike in the number of emergency-type situations since this has occurred,\" Breed said. \"I say that's pretty good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the Camp Fire in Butte County, the most destructive and deadliest wildfire in California history, has streamed into the region for close to two weeks, fouling the air in a significant portion of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the standard \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Quality Index\u003c/a>, used by the EPA and other agencies, the air has been mostly\"unhealthy\" and at times \"hazardous,\" prompting hundreds of thousands of local residents to stay indoors and use N95 masks when venturing out. The heavy levels of pollution also prompted scores of school districts and universities to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706988/to-close-or-not-to-close-for-bad-air-no-easy-answer-for-bay-area-schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cancel classes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials last Friday \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/20181116-airquality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opened extra shelter mats \u003c/a>to help homeless people escape the dangerous air. The city's Homeless Outreach Team also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707098/san-francisco-expands-homeless-outreach-services-in-response-to-unhealthy-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offered masks\u003c/a> to people living on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some homeless advocates say \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/advocates-say-city-failed-distribute-enough-air-masks-protect-homeless-smoky-air/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that was not enough\u003c/a> and that the city should have handed out more masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronen could not find a respirator mask in San Francisco to fit her 6-year-old child\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>an experience other parents have had in the Bay Area. She said that has led her to call on the air district and city officials to make sure there are enough masks on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday the San Francisco Unified School District canceled classes due to the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I find that scary and unacceptable,\" Ronen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District officials say they've worked to improve the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of our schools were built before the 1950s, but they have all gone through modernization,\" SFUSD spokeswoman Laura Dudnick said. \"As part of that modernization program, we check to make sure there's proper air circulation. Schools with mechanical ventilation systems have standard air filters as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how much it would cost to purchase thousands of masks and hundreds of air filtration systems. Ronen said she would work with the city's legislative and budget analyst, the SFUSD and the air district to determine a price tag and a proper source of funding to pay for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Relying on PG&E\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronen also said Pacific Gas & Electric's actions and the concerns about its future financial health in the wake of the Camp Fire mean San Francisco should accelerate its transition away from relying on the company for electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power lines operated by PG&E have been scrutinized as potentially starting the Camp Fire. Cal Fire has blamed PG&E for causing more than a dozen wildfires that ravaged parts of Northern California last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those investigations and a string of lawsuits have some observers predicting the utility could file for bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CleanPower SF, the city's program providing customers with energy from green energy sources, relies on PG&E to deliver that energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city should start the process of becoming independent from the company, Ronen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's time for San Francisco to either buy that grid from PG&E or build our own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Khing, a PG&E representative, declined to comment on Ronen's remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, our entire company is focused on supporting first responders and assisting our customers and communities impacted by the Camp Fire,\" Khing said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Grid Managers: PG&E Can Shut Down High-Voltage Transmission Lines If It Wants",
"title": "Grid Managers: PG&E Can Shut Down High-Voltage Transmission Lines If It Wants",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Pacific Gas and Electric Co. is allowed to pre-emptively shut off major electrical transmission lines like the one being scrutinized in the investigation into \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the massive Camp Fire\u003c/a> burning in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the utility currently does not include such lines in its public safety power shut-off plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said that even during periods of high fire danger, under its current procedures, the utility would not have turned off power to its 115-kilovolt Caribou-Palermo line, which is located near the resort town of Pulga — believed to be the fire's origin — and which experienced an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705306/pge-transmission-line-may-be-tied-to-disastrous-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outage\u003c/a> moments before the blaze started on Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has said that's because its shut-off program \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706846/pge-high-voltage-transmission-lines-not-covered-by-fire-safety-shutdown-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">involves only lower-voltage distribution lines\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707191/second-pge-outage-reported-around-ignition-of-deadly-camp-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Power Line Near Potential Second Camp Fire Origin Would Have Been Part of PG&E's Shut-Off Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>PG&E said shutting down the higher-voltage lines would be more complex, affect customers over a wider area and require coordination with the California Independent System Operator, the transmission organization that coordinates the state's electric grid and electricity market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Greenlee, a Cal ISO spokesman, said PG&E could include turning off such lines in its public safety power shut-off program if it wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A transmission line is relatively easy to de-energize,\" Greenlee said. The company does not need to get permission from Cal ISO to shut down such a line; it just needs to let the grid managers know about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenlee said Cal ISO prefers to learn about a line shutdown in advance. \"But they could, if needed, de-energize a line and then make a notification,\" he wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission, the state utility regulator, allows companies to turn off their lines as long as they tell their customers in advance and then submit reports to the state regulator about the shut-offs in the next 10 business days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After repeated questions from KQED, PG&E representatives failed to say whether they would consider changing their shut-off programs to include higher-voltage transmission lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire started after a series of PG&E advisories, warning customers it might shut off power in parts of Butte County — and other parts of its Northern California coverage area — because of extreme fire danger due to high winds, low humidity and dry vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706131/lawsuit-says-pge-negligence-led-to-catastrophic-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lawsuit Says PG&E Negligence Led to Catastrophic Butte County Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those advisories were canceled and PG&E did not shut off the power because \"weather conditions did not warrant this safety measure,\" the utility explained in a report last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said that even if it had pre-emptively turned the electricity off to prevent wildfires, it would not have included higher-voltage lines like the Caribou-Palermo one in its shut-off program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In light of the potential public safety issues resulting from de-energizing higher voltage transmission lines, including the potential to impact millions of people and create larger system stability for the grid, PG&E has not extended the program to transmission lines that operate at 115kV or above,\" company spokeswoman Deanna Contreras said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenlee said that Cal ISO can handle such a move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a practice we perform every day with scheduled work and unplanned outages,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powering down a high-voltage transmission line could take electricity away from a large section of the company's customers, PG&E has maintained. But the company declined to say how many customers would lose electricity if it turned down the Caribou-Palermo line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Due to security reasons, PG&E doesn't provide this level of detail about its electric system,\" said company spokeswoman Andrea Menniti.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move could also increase the overall cost of energy, according to one leading electricity grid expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706641/californias-chief-regulator-calls-for-review-of-pges-structure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Chief Regulator Calls for Review of PG&E’s Structure\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"You can de-energize a transmission line but that likely will have much broader effects across the entire network,\" said Alexandra von Meier, the director of electrical grid research at UC Berkeley's California Institute for Energy and Environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transmission lines are interconnected in a utility's electricity network and shutting down one could affect others, Meier said. If PG&E were to turn one off, Cal ISO would need to figure out quick ways to replace the energy the turned-off line normally provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a much more involved and complicated decision where there are more customers who may be impacted,\" Meier said, adding that the move could impact the price of electricity while the line is down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the Camp Fire started, the utility told the California Public Utilities Commission that a power outage took place on the Caribou-Palermo line 14 minutes before the approximate time the blaze began. Cal Fire crews arriving on the scene reported seeing vegetation burning \"on the west side of the river underneath the transmission lines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire identified a separate location as a potential second origin of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday PG&E told the commission of a second outage on its equipment in the early moments of the fire. This time its 12-kilovolt Big Bend 1101 Circuit experienced an outage minutes after the blaze started, in Concow, a small unincorporated community east of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Bend circuit is a distribution line. Unlike the Caribou-Palermo line, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707191/second-pge-outage-reported-around-ignition-of-deadly-camp-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it would have been de-energized\u003c/a> if PG&E had pre-emptively shut off power, according to company spokeswoman Megan McFarland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Read KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The utility says shutting down higher-voltage lines requires coordination with the California Independent System Operator. But Cal ISO says PG&E could have included turning off such lines in its safety program if it wanted to.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pacific Gas and Electric Co. is allowed to pre-emptively shut off major electrical transmission lines like the one being scrutinized in the investigation into \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the massive Camp Fire\u003c/a> burning in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the utility currently does not include such lines in its public safety power shut-off plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said that even during periods of high fire danger, under its current procedures, the utility would not have turned off power to its 115-kilovolt Caribou-Palermo line, which is located near the resort town of Pulga — believed to be the fire's origin — and which experienced an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705306/pge-transmission-line-may-be-tied-to-disastrous-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outage\u003c/a> moments before the blaze started on Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has said that's because its shut-off program \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706846/pge-high-voltage-transmission-lines-not-covered-by-fire-safety-shutdown-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">involves only lower-voltage distribution lines\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707191/second-pge-outage-reported-around-ignition-of-deadly-camp-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Power Line Near Potential Second Camp Fire Origin Would Have Been Part of PG&E's Shut-Off Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>PG&E said shutting down the higher-voltage lines would be more complex, affect customers over a wider area and require coordination with the California Independent System Operator, the transmission organization that coordinates the state's electric grid and electricity market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Greenlee, a Cal ISO spokesman, said PG&E could include turning off such lines in its public safety power shut-off program if it wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A transmission line is relatively easy to de-energize,\" Greenlee said. The company does not need to get permission from Cal ISO to shut down such a line; it just needs to let the grid managers know about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenlee said Cal ISO prefers to learn about a line shutdown in advance. \"But they could, if needed, de-energize a line and then make a notification,\" he wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission, the state utility regulator, allows companies to turn off their lines as long as they tell their customers in advance and then submit reports to the state regulator about the shut-offs in the next 10 business days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After repeated questions from KQED, PG&E representatives failed to say whether they would consider changing their shut-off programs to include higher-voltage transmission lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire started after a series of PG&E advisories, warning customers it might shut off power in parts of Butte County — and other parts of its Northern California coverage area — because of extreme fire danger due to high winds, low humidity and dry vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706131/lawsuit-says-pge-negligence-led-to-catastrophic-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lawsuit Says PG&E Negligence Led to Catastrophic Butte County Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those advisories were canceled and PG&E did not shut off the power because \"weather conditions did not warrant this safety measure,\" the utility explained in a report last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said that even if it had pre-emptively turned the electricity off to prevent wildfires, it would not have included higher-voltage lines like the Caribou-Palermo one in its shut-off program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In light of the potential public safety issues resulting from de-energizing higher voltage transmission lines, including the potential to impact millions of people and create larger system stability for the grid, PG&E has not extended the program to transmission lines that operate at 115kV or above,\" company spokeswoman Deanna Contreras said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenlee said that Cal ISO can handle such a move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a practice we perform every day with scheduled work and unplanned outages,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powering down a high-voltage transmission line could take electricity away from a large section of the company's customers, PG&E has maintained. But the company declined to say how many customers would lose electricity if it turned down the Caribou-Palermo line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Due to security reasons, PG&E doesn't provide this level of detail about its electric system,\" said company spokeswoman Andrea Menniti.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move could also increase the overall cost of energy, according to one leading electricity grid expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706641/californias-chief-regulator-calls-for-review-of-pges-structure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Chief Regulator Calls for Review of PG&E’s Structure\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"You can de-energize a transmission line but that likely will have much broader effects across the entire network,\" said Alexandra von Meier, the director of electrical grid research at UC Berkeley's California Institute for Energy and Environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transmission lines are interconnected in a utility's electricity network and shutting down one could affect others, Meier said. If PG&E were to turn one off, Cal ISO would need to figure out quick ways to replace the energy the turned-off line normally provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a much more involved and complicated decision where there are more customers who may be impacted,\" Meier said, adding that the move could impact the price of electricity while the line is down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the Camp Fire started, the utility told the California Public Utilities Commission that a power outage took place on the Caribou-Palermo line 14 minutes before the approximate time the blaze began. Cal Fire crews arriving on the scene reported seeing vegetation burning \"on the west side of the river underneath the transmission lines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire identified a separate location as a potential second origin of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday PG&E told the commission of a second outage on its equipment in the early moments of the fire. This time its 12-kilovolt Big Bend 1101 Circuit experienced an outage minutes after the blaze started, in Concow, a small unincorporated community east of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Bend circuit is a distribution line. Unlike the Caribou-Palermo line, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707191/second-pge-outage-reported-around-ignition-of-deadly-camp-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it would have been de-energized\u003c/a> if PG&E had pre-emptively shut off power, according to company spokeswoman Megan McFarland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Read KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Power Line Near Potential Second Camp Fire Origin Would Have Been Part of PG&E's Shut-Off Program",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, 2:40 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Pacific Gas & Electric Co. power line that experienced an outage near where investigators say they’ve identified a potential second origin of the deadly Camp Fire would have been de-energized if the utility instituted a pre-emptive power shut-off, according to a utility spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, PG&E notified the California Public Utilities Commission that its 12-kilovolt Big Bend 1101 Circuit went down in the Butte County community of Concow on Nov. 8 at 6:45 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Bend circuit is a distribution line, not a higher-voltage transmission line like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705306/pge-transmission-line-may-be-tied-to-disastrous-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">115-kilovolt Caribou Palermo line\u003c/a> that went down 14 minutes before the Camp Fire started near the same area the blaze was first reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 24 hours before the Camp Fire broke out, PG&E issued a series of advisories that it might shut off power in parts of Butte County due to forecasts of extreme fire danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company did not end up shutting off the electricity and says that even if it had, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706846/pge-high-voltage-transmission-lines-not-covered-by-fire-safety-shutdown-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would not have included that transmission line\u003c/a> because its pre-emptive shutoff program involves only lower-voltage distribution lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company spokeswoman Megan McFarland confirmed Monday afternoon that the Big Bend line is one of those lower-voltage lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The circuit identified in the November 16 EIR (electric incident report) would have been de-energized if the criteria for PSPS (public safety power shutoff) had been met,” McFarland said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric Co. has informed state regulators of a second outage on its equipment in the early moments of the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/uploadedFiles/CPUCWebsite/Content/News_Room/NewsUpdates/2018/EIR_IncidentNo181116-9015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> filed with the California Public Utilities Commission on Friday, PG&E’s 12-kilovolt Big Bend 1101 Circuit experienced a power outage at approximately 6:45 a.m. on Thursday, Nov. 8, in Concow, a small unincorporated community just east of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concow is also the location where Cal Fire investigators on Thursday said they had identified a potential “second origin” for the Camp Fire, but they declined to give any additional details. The cause of the fire is still under investigation, and a Cal Fire spokesman on Sunday again declined to provide further information on the second origin of the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dispatch audio indicates that the potential second origin could have taken place near the Concow Reservoir just minutes after PG&E says its outage occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second outage PG&E has reported on its equipment in Butte County that could be connected to sparking the Camp Fire. On Nov. 8, the day the fire began, PG&E told the CPUC that it had a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705306/pge-transmission-line-may-be-tied-to-disastrous-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">power outage\u003c/a> on its 115-kilovolt Caribou-Palermo line at 6:15 a.m., which is located near the spot by the Feather River where Cal Fire says the fire began at 6:29 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear from that report whether the damage occurred before or after the fire began, and a company spokesman did not address that question. PG&E says it is cooperating fully with Cal Fire and CPUC investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike the first report, which the utility filed on the same day the outage occurred, the second report wasn’t filed until more than a week later, on Friday, Nov. 16, the day after Cal Fire announced the potential second origin in Concow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As more information became available about this location, we determined it was important to share that information with our regulator,” said PG&E spokesman Jason King in an email on Sunday. King declined to say specifically if the announcement of the second origin spurred the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706131/lawsuit-says-pge-negligence-led-to-catastrophic-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">been sued\u003c/a> for its potential role in causing the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in modern California history. A lawsuit filed on behalf of Butte County residents who lost their homes and businesses to the blaze charges that PG&E equipment caused the fire and alleges long-term negligence on the part of the utility in maintaining its infrastructure in a way to minimize wildfire risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s potential connection to the blaze has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705696/state-senator-looking-at-breaking-up-utilities-following-potential-ties-to-deadly-fires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">renewed calls\u003c/a> for the utility to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706641/californias-chief-regulator-calls-for-review-of-pges-structure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potentially be restructured\u003c/a> and held more liable when its equipment contributes to wildfires. After investigators linked PG&E equipment to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673398/cal-fire-release-cause-of-a-dozen-more-october-fires-nearly-all-connected-to-pge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at least 16\u003c/a> of last year’s deadly Northern California wildfires, the state Legislature passed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689873/california-legislature-passes-major-reforms-to-wildfire-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new law\u003c/a> that allowed the utility to potentially pass off liability costs from wildfires to ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday morning, the Camp Fire had scorched nearly 150,000 acres, destroyed more than 12,000 structures and killed at least 76 people.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The second outage occurred in Concow, the same community where fire investigators have identified a potential 'second origin' of the fire.",
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"title": "Power Line Near Potential Second Camp Fire Origin Would Have Been Part of PG&E's Shut-Off Program | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, 2:40 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Pacific Gas & Electric Co. power line that experienced an outage near where investigators say they’ve identified a potential second origin of the deadly Camp Fire would have been de-energized if the utility instituted a pre-emptive power shut-off, according to a utility spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, PG&E notified the California Public Utilities Commission that its 12-kilovolt Big Bend 1101 Circuit went down in the Butte County community of Concow on Nov. 8 at 6:45 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Bend circuit is a distribution line, not a higher-voltage transmission line like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705306/pge-transmission-line-may-be-tied-to-disastrous-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">115-kilovolt Caribou Palermo line\u003c/a> that went down 14 minutes before the Camp Fire started near the same area the blaze was first reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 24 hours before the Camp Fire broke out, PG&E issued a series of advisories that it might shut off power in parts of Butte County due to forecasts of extreme fire danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company did not end up shutting off the electricity and says that even if it had, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706846/pge-high-voltage-transmission-lines-not-covered-by-fire-safety-shutdown-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would not have included that transmission line\u003c/a> because its pre-emptive shutoff program involves only lower-voltage distribution lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company spokeswoman Megan McFarland confirmed Monday afternoon that the Big Bend line is one of those lower-voltage lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The circuit identified in the November 16 EIR (electric incident report) would have been de-energized if the criteria for PSPS (public safety power shutoff) had been met,” McFarland said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric Co. has informed state regulators of a second outage on its equipment in the early moments of the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/uploadedFiles/CPUCWebsite/Content/News_Room/NewsUpdates/2018/EIR_IncidentNo181116-9015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> filed with the California Public Utilities Commission on Friday, PG&E’s 12-kilovolt Big Bend 1101 Circuit experienced a power outage at approximately 6:45 a.m. on Thursday, Nov. 8, in Concow, a small unincorporated community just east of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concow is also the location where Cal Fire investigators on Thursday said they had identified a potential “second origin” for the Camp Fire, but they declined to give any additional details. The cause of the fire is still under investigation, and a Cal Fire spokesman on Sunday again declined to provide further information on the second origin of the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dispatch audio indicates that the potential second origin could have taken place near the Concow Reservoir just minutes after PG&E says its outage occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second outage PG&E has reported on its equipment in Butte County that could be connected to sparking the Camp Fire. On Nov. 8, the day the fire began, PG&E told the CPUC that it had a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705306/pge-transmission-line-may-be-tied-to-disastrous-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">power outage\u003c/a> on its 115-kilovolt Caribou-Palermo line at 6:15 a.m., which is located near the spot by the Feather River where Cal Fire says the fire began at 6:29 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear from that report whether the damage occurred before or after the fire began, and a company spokesman did not address that question. PG&E says it is cooperating fully with Cal Fire and CPUC investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike the first report, which the utility filed on the same day the outage occurred, the second report wasn’t filed until more than a week later, on Friday, Nov. 16, the day after Cal Fire announced the potential second origin in Concow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As more information became available about this location, we determined it was important to share that information with our regulator,” said PG&E spokesman Jason King in an email on Sunday. King declined to say specifically if the announcement of the second origin spurred the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706131/lawsuit-says-pge-negligence-led-to-catastrophic-butte-county-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">been sued\u003c/a> for its potential role in causing the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in modern California history. A lawsuit filed on behalf of Butte County residents who lost their homes and businesses to the blaze charges that PG&E equipment caused the fire and alleges long-term negligence on the part of the utility in maintaining its infrastructure in a way to minimize wildfire risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s potential connection to the blaze has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705696/state-senator-looking-at-breaking-up-utilities-following-potential-ties-to-deadly-fires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">renewed calls\u003c/a> for the utility to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706641/californias-chief-regulator-calls-for-review-of-pges-structure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potentially be restructured\u003c/a> and held more liable when its equipment contributes to wildfires. After investigators linked PG&E equipment to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673398/cal-fire-release-cause-of-a-dozen-more-october-fires-nearly-all-connected-to-pge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at least 16\u003c/a> of last year’s deadly Northern California wildfires, the state Legislature passed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689873/california-legislature-passes-major-reforms-to-wildfire-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new law\u003c/a> that allowed the utility to potentially pass off liability costs from wildfires to ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday morning, the Camp Fire had scorched nearly 150,000 acres, destroyed more than 12,000 structures and killed at least 76 people.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Some Bay Area Colleges, Universities Remain Closed Due to Poor Air Quality",
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"content": "\u003cp>While some Bay Area colleges and universities are open for classes and other business on Monday, several others remained closed today and might close Tuesday, all the result of smoke coming south from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those still closed Monday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>All San Francisco State University campuses, except for limited services in Residential Life, Student Health Services, the university Police Department, Procurement and essential personnel. A message regarding whether the campus closures will extend into Tuesday will be issued by 5 p.m. Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>All Contra Costa Community College District campuses and offices. Those closures include Contra Costa College in San Pablo, Diablo Valley College in Pleasant Hill, Los Medanos College in Pittsburg, satellite campuses in Brentwood and San Ramon, and the district offices in Martinez. A decision about reopening Tuesday will be made by 3 p.m. Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Laney College in Oakland. An assessment as to when the campus will reopen is expected Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>De Anza College in Cupertino. A decision on reopening Tuesday is expected by 2 p.m. Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mills College in Oakland, closed Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>UC Berkeley and Santa Clara University will remain closed this coming week because of the continuing poor air quality resulting from smoke from the Camp Fire in Butte County, officials from those two schools said today.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bepreparedcalifornia.ca.gov/ResourcesAndLinks/Languages/Documents/English/ENG_ProtectLungsSmoke7208color.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">How to choose and use a protective air mask\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Map: Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Campuses that resumed classes Monday include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Chabot College in Hayward and at Las Positas College in Livermore. Those are the main campuses of the Chabot-Las Positas Community College District.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The College of Marin's Kentfield and Indian Valley Campuses. According to an email sent Sunday night, after consultation with Marin Health and Human Services and the Marin County Office of Education, college officials determined the air quality has returned to levels acceptable for classes to be held.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The College of San Mateo will be open for classes Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Jose State University will be open for classes and all other business Monday and Tuesday, university officials said Sunday.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire, which started Nov. 8, continues to burn in Butte County. So far, 77 people have been confirmed dead, more than 11,000 homes destroyed and 151,000 acres burned. Today just after 7 a.m. it was estimated to be 66 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District expects Bay Area air quality to remain in the \"unhealthy\" range into Tuesday, and be healthier by Wednesday morning. As of Sunday night, air quality throughout the entire Bay Area from San Jose north to Santa Rosa and beyond was rated as \"unhealthy\" according to the Air Quality Index (AQI).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area also remains under a Spare the Air warning, making it illegal to use fireplaces, wood stoves, pellet stoves, outdoor fire pits or any other wood-burning devices.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While some Bay Area colleges and universities are open for classes and other business on Monday, several others remained closed today and might close Tuesday, all the result of smoke coming south from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those still closed Monday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>All San Francisco State University campuses, except for limited services in Residential Life, Student Health Services, the university Police Department, Procurement and essential personnel. A message regarding whether the campus closures will extend into Tuesday will be issued by 5 p.m. Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>All Contra Costa Community College District campuses and offices. Those closures include Contra Costa College in San Pablo, Diablo Valley College in Pleasant Hill, Los Medanos College in Pittsburg, satellite campuses in Brentwood and San Ramon, and the district offices in Martinez. A decision about reopening Tuesday will be made by 3 p.m. Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Laney College in Oakland. An assessment as to when the campus will reopen is expected Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>De Anza College in Cupertino. A decision on reopening Tuesday is expected by 2 p.m. Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mills College in Oakland, closed Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>UC Berkeley and Santa Clara University will remain closed this coming week because of the continuing poor air quality resulting from smoke from the Camp Fire in Butte County, officials from those two schools said today.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bepreparedcalifornia.ca.gov/ResourcesAndLinks/Languages/Documents/English/ENG_ProtectLungsSmoke7208color.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">How to choose and use a protective air mask\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Map: Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Campuses that resumed classes Monday include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Chabot College in Hayward and at Las Positas College in Livermore. Those are the main campuses of the Chabot-Las Positas Community College District.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The College of Marin's Kentfield and Indian Valley Campuses. According to an email sent Sunday night, after consultation with Marin Health and Human Services and the Marin County Office of Education, college officials determined the air quality has returned to levels acceptable for classes to be held.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The College of San Mateo will be open for classes Monday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Jose State University will be open for classes and all other business Monday and Tuesday, university officials said Sunday.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire, which started Nov. 8, continues to burn in Butte County. So far, 77 people have been confirmed dead, more than 11,000 homes destroyed and 151,000 acres burned. Today just after 7 a.m. it was estimated to be 66 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District expects Bay Area air quality to remain in the \"unhealthy\" range into Tuesday, and be healthier by Wednesday morning. As of Sunday night, air quality throughout the entire Bay Area from San Jose north to Santa Rosa and beyond was rated as \"unhealthy\" according to the Air Quality Index (AQI).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area also remains under a Spare the Air warning, making it illegal to use fireplaces, wood stoves, pellet stoves, outdoor fire pits or any other wood-burning devices.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "overcoming-a-lifetime-of-trauma-then-facing-a-new-one-wildfire",
"title": "Overcoming a Lifetime of Trauma, Then Facing a New One: Wildfire",
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"headTitle": "Overcoming a Lifetime of Trauma, Then Facing a New One: Wildfire | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Sabrina Hanes has faced a lot of trauma in her life, most of it in her childhood. As part of her healing, she moved to a Northern California town called Paradise. There she built strength and community, but that was upended when the Camp Fire tore through Paradise, burning her home and turning her life upside down.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I followed Hanes through her daily routine in Paradise last summer, to learn how she’s developed resilience. I then caught up with Hanes after the fire to find out what happens next.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabrina Hanes kicked off the ground, pulling herself up onto a spinning hoop called a lyra, suspended from the ceiling. The studio in Paradise, where Hanes practiced circus arts and aerial dance, erupted in cheers. She moved through a series of gravity-defying spins and contortions. Her blonde hair — the ends rebelliously colored blue and purple — swirled around her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a triumphant dance, choreographed to a song called “Conqueror,” and in most aspects of Hanes’ life she seems like one: she’s a full-time student at California State University, Chico, on track to get her bachelor’s degree in child development, she volunteers teaching toddlers and their caretakers at a local nonprofit, and she’s raising a lively, happy four-year-old daughter on her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But behind the assertive exterior, behind her toned biceps, 33-year-old Hanes has the medical record of a woman twice her age. She’s had eight surgeries for various ailments. She suffers from migraines, multiple food allergies and degenerating spinal discs. Her pregnancy was high-risk. She spent five years addicted to methamphetamines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many doctors and researchers would not be surprised by Hanes’ health record, given one risk factor from her childhood: serious, ongoing trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanes recalls moments of emotional neglect and abuse, finding her mother passed out in the bathtub from a drug overdose, and being raped at five-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think it’s your fault,” she said. “What did I do wrong?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors began quantifying this kind of trauma \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379798000178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the 1990s\u003c/a>, tallying up the number of adversities a young person experienced, and looking at the correlation between childhood trauma and health later in life. They found that the more adversity someone experienced as a child, the worse their health as an adult. This was not just because people who had faced childhood trauma were more likely to have mental health problems or engage in risky behaviors that are bad for health, which they were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new research showed the damage was much more widespread than mental pain. People who had traumatic childhoods also had more physical pain and damaged bodies. A person who experienced major childhood trauma has four times the risk for chronic lung disease, two and a half times the risk for stroke, and double the risk for cancer. On average, their life expectancy is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19840693\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 years shorter\u003c/a> than for a person without childhood trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Childhood adversity changes the way that our stress response functions,” said \u003ca href=\"https://centerforyouthwellness.org/our-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Nadine Burke Harris\u003c/a>, a pediatrician and founder and Chief Executive Officer of the \u003ca href=\"https://centerforyouthwellness.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Youth Wellness\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That leads to long term changes in the structure and function of children’s developing brains and our hormonal systems, and our immune systems. Even all the way down to the way our DNA is read and transcribed. And that has nothing to do with behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This initial study, often referred to as the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study, is one lens through which to look at trauma. It included emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, emotional or physical neglect, growing up in a household with domestic violence, divorced or separated parents, a family member who was mentally ill, substance-dependent, or incarcerated. For each experienced, a person got a “point.” The total number of points was someone’s “ACE score.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hanes looks through the list of ten potential ACEs, she tallies her score at eight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Nobody Really Wanted Me Around”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trauma started early for Hanes with her parents’ acrimonious divorce when she was two-years-old, and the resulting custody battle that lasted years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each parent’s home, Hanes said she encountered challenges: a mother addicted to muscle relaxants and later, methamphetamines, and on the other side a father who, with his new wife and kids, belittled her. In both places, Hanes said she felt her parents weren’t there for her emotionally, which left her vulnerable to older kids and adults. When she spent the night at a neighbor’s house, she said she was raped by their teenage son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think it’s your fault: what did I do wrong?” she said about the experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of these continued hardships, Hanes began harming herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt like nobody really wanted me around. So, why don’t I just take care of that?” Hanes remembered thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her first suicide attempt was at 12, and over the next several years, she thinks she tried to kill herself 20 more times, her last attempt at age 18. To move away from one kind of self-harm, Hanes started another: she became addicted to methamphetamines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically from 18 to 23, I was addicted to meth and it’s scary. It’s a scary life,” Hanes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting caught and spending time in jail forced her to sober up. She didn’t like the person she was when she was on drugs, and she wanted change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She moved to Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“When the Bear Comes Home Every Night”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nadine Burke Harris has made it her mission to raise awareness about the long-term impacts of childhood trauma. In addition to leading the Center for Youth Wellness, she is a pediatrician who works with low income kids in San Francisco’s Bayview Hunter’s Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her quest started with her young patients, who would come into her office with high rates of health problems like asthma, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and growth failure. She began to see a link between the kids’ illnesses and problems going on in their homes, like an alcoholic mother or a physically abusive father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-800x519.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Nadine Burke Harris and a patient. \" width=\"800\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-1200x779.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Nadine Burke Harris and a patient. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Center for Youth Wellness)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Burke Harris explains the science behind this idea in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/nadine_burke_harris_how_childhood_trauma_affects_health_across_a_lifetime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popular Ted Talk\u003c/a>. In it, she likens the connection between childhood trauma and bad health to seeing a bear in the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immediately, your hypothalamus sends a signal to your pituitary, which sends a signal to your adrenal gland that says, ‘Release stress hormones! Adrenaline! Cortisol!” she explained to her audience. “Your heart starts to pound, your pupils dilate, your airways open up, and you are ready to either fight that bear or run from the bear. And that is wonderful if you’re in a forest and there’s a bear… But the problem is what happens when the bear comes home every night?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Burke Harris said when this hormonal cascade repeats, it seriously harms the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379798000178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first ACE study\u003c/a> showed that they were incredibly common: of the people in the study, 67 percent reported at least one adverse childhood experience. What’s more, the population surveyed didn’t have a lot of the external stressors people may associate with a tumultuous home life: the majority were middle-class, 70 percent were white, and 70 percent were college-educated. Participants had access to quality healthcare through Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person with four or more ACEs (which is considered substantial) is more than five times as likely to experience depression, has four times the risk for chronic lung disease, two and a half times the risk for stroke, and double the risk for cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the subsequent years, doctors, educators and social workers have used this study to change their approach to children and adults with difficult behaviors. Instead of asking “what’s wrong with a person,” they’re asking, “what happened to that person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interrupting Intergenerational Trauma\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help people recover from trauma, experts encourage a wide range of strategies, like therapy, building healthy relationships, and practicing stress reduction techniques, like mindfulness and exercise. They say that applying these interventions during childhood is the most effective way to improve long term health, but identifying and addressing ACEs at any age can still be helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabrina Hanes’ life is an experiment in which this will play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanes has been sober since she moved to Paradise, California, ten years ago, and she’s gotten her criminal record expunged. She’s turned things around, working toward educational and life goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do these things, she’s had to learn to build healthy relationships with those around her. She’s found mentors in her school programs, and through a community nonprofit called \u003ca href=\"http://www.youth4change.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth for Change\u003c/a> that’s taught her parenting skills. Her motivation has come from her own desire to change, a renewed relationship with her mother, and the help of Youth for Change social workers, who are versed in ACEs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanes also enhances her life through other stress reducing behaviors doctors recommend: healthy eating, regular exercise through her dance group, and paying attention to her mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond taking care of herself, Hanes has had to learn to parent differently than her mother and father. ACEs are tricky this way — their impact can be passed from one generation to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanes addresses this through Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), which she attends with her daughter Aroara. PCIT is intended to improve communication between kids and their parents, and \u003ca href=\"https://pcit.ucdavis.edu/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">minimize behaviors\u003c/a> like tantrums and aggression in kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703326\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703326 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Sabrina Hanes and daughter Aroara during a Parent-Child Interaction Therapy session. Mother and daughter sit on one side of a two-way mirror. A therapist, sitting on the other side of the mirror, coaches Hanes through an earbud she wears.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sabrina Hanes and daughter Aroara during a Parent-Child Interaction Therapy session. Mother and daughter sit on one side of a two-way mirror. A therapist, sitting on the other side of the mirror, coaches Hanes through an earbud she wears. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At one of their sessions, mother and daughter sat together in one room, playing with a big stuffed bear, a toy stethoscope and Band-Aids. Therapist Laurie Taylor observed them through a fake mirror. Taylor spoke into a microphone that fed into an earbud Hanes wore. Aroara, however, could only hear her own mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703328\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703328\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Therapist Laurie Taylor observes mother and daughter from behind the two-way mirror.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Therapist Laurie Taylor observes mother and daughter from behind the two-way mirror. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two worked on addressing fears Aroara has when she goes to the doctor. Taylor coached Hanes through the experience, feeding her helpful lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that next time we go to the doctor’s office you’re going to be able to keep your body calm,” Taylor whispered to Hanes, who spoke it to her daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of therapy is just one tool that helps families who’ve seen trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Making It Work”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabrina Hanes said knowing her high ACE score helped her cope with the trauma of her childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a score of eight and that’s huge,” she said. “But here I am still, I’m doing it. I’m making it work. I can look at those experiences and say they’re experiences I had. It’s not who I am.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Hanes is a mom, a student, a teacher. She volunteers at a local nonprofit teaching classes for toddlers and their parents, incorporating healthy eating, education, and social and emotional growth. She’d like to run her own preschool in the future. She wants to be there for kids who may be going through what she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of one of the classes she teaches, she reads the children’s book “We’re Going on a Bear Hunt” to a semicircle of mothers with young kids on their laps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message of the book repeats page after page, that when confronted with an obstacle, the characters can’t skirt around it: they must go right through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Get Out Now”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the morning of Thursday, Nov. 8, Hanes smelled the fire. She saw large ash, similar to what she’d seen just months before when the Carr Fire swept through nearby counties. She and Aroara had evacuated their home a handful of times in the past, prompted by an official alert. Receiving none, Hanes slowly packed with Aroara in case they would need to leave. In the past, evacuation traffic had been awful, she said, and she didn’t want to add to it if it was unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t think that you’re going to lose your home,” Hanes said, based on the handful of other evacuations she’s been through. “I guess I sat there thinking the firefighters — they got this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took a frantic call from a friend to get the pair out. “You can’t wait,” she told Hanes, “get out now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five harrowing hours later, Hanes and Aroara arrived at a friend’s house in Chico — that drive would normally take them 20 minutes, Hanes said. Hanes and Aroara were then evacuated a second time around midnight to a more central part of Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past week, Hanes and Aroara have been staying with friends in Chico. They arrived with two small backpacks of clothing and one photo album. They did not have time to find their cat before leaving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The home Hanes rented for years has completely burned down, and she did not have renters’ insurance because she could not afford it, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11706347\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sabrina Hanes home on Aug. 13, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sabrina Hanes home on Aug. 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11706349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The site of Sabrina Hanes' home on Nov. 13, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The site of Sabrina Hanes’ home on Nov. 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I told Aroara that we’re strong and we can do this,” Hanes said over the phone just days after the fire, emotion welling up in her voice. “It’s just so hard. This definitely tops it. Honestly [Aroara] is what is keeping me going because I know I have to be here for her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hear that God doesn’t give you anything more than what you can handle. But I feel like I’m questioning that right now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://childtrauma.ucsf.edu/our-team#Chandra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chandra Ghosh Ippen\u003c/a> is a psychologist and Associate Director of the \u003ca href=\"https://childtrauma.ucsf.edu/child-trauma-research-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Child Trauma Research Program\u003c/a> at University of California, San Francisco. In addition to studying childhood trauma, she’s authored several free books for kids and their parents that address traumas, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nctsn.org/resources/trinka-and-sam-big-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one about wildfires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghosh Ippen said that while people with high ACE scores will all react differently to new trauma, the fire will likely be worse for them than for those who’ve had less trauma in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve had a very heavy trauma history another trauma often reawakens symptoms,” she said. “And so they may find themselves experiencing more symptoms than someone would if they had just, and I say ‘just’ in quotes, gone through the fire or a natural disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghosh Ippen said it’s important that our community and country respond seriously to those who’ve been impacted by the wildfires. Knowing that people are aware of their loss and reacting to it can help wildfire victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghosh Ippen listed several other ways people can help those impacted by the wildfires: meeting their basic needs through food, clothing and shelter, guiding people through disaster relief systems, holding a space for grief and opportunities to take care of their mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11706925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sabrina and Aroara in their friends' living room, where they have stayed since the wildfire reduced their home to ashes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sabrina and Aroara in their friends’ living room, where they have stayed since the wildfire reduced their home to ashes. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hanes doesn’t know what will come next for her and her daughter. She feels pulled in many directions, between looking for new housing and helping Aroara process all that they’ve lost, from the big things to the small, like the presents for Aroara’s upcoming birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all the structures that were important to Hanes burned in the fire, except one: the dance studio where she’d spend hours each day. “All the teachers and dancers just keep saying it’s because of all the love that we poured into that studio,” Hanes said. “There was nothing that was going to take it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced as a project for the USC \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/38C0CERPDmID7MQCNFQa3?domain=centerforhealthjournalism.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Health Journalism’s\u003c/a> California Fellowship.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Sabrina Hanes has faced a lot of trauma in her life, most of it in her childhood. As part of her healing, she moved to a Northern California town called Paradise. There she built strength and community, but that was upended when the Camp Fire tore through Paradise, burning her home and turning her life upside down.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I followed Hanes through her daily routine in Paradise last summer, to learn how she’s developed resilience. I then caught up with Hanes after the fire to find out what happens next.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabrina Hanes kicked off the ground, pulling herself up onto a spinning hoop called a lyra, suspended from the ceiling. The studio in Paradise, where Hanes practiced circus arts and aerial dance, erupted in cheers. She moved through a series of gravity-defying spins and contortions. Her blonde hair — the ends rebelliously colored blue and purple — swirled around her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a triumphant dance, choreographed to a song called “Conqueror,” and in most aspects of Hanes’ life she seems like one: she’s a full-time student at California State University, Chico, on track to get her bachelor’s degree in child development, she volunteers teaching toddlers and their caretakers at a local nonprofit, and she’s raising a lively, happy four-year-old daughter on her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But behind the assertive exterior, behind her toned biceps, 33-year-old Hanes has the medical record of a woman twice her age. She’s had eight surgeries for various ailments. She suffers from migraines, multiple food allergies and degenerating spinal discs. Her pregnancy was high-risk. She spent five years addicted to methamphetamines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many doctors and researchers would not be surprised by Hanes’ health record, given one risk factor from her childhood: serious, ongoing trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanes recalls moments of emotional neglect and abuse, finding her mother passed out in the bathtub from a drug overdose, and being raped at five-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think it’s your fault,” she said. “What did I do wrong?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors began quantifying this kind of trauma \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379798000178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the 1990s\u003c/a>, tallying up the number of adversities a young person experienced, and looking at the correlation between childhood trauma and health later in life. They found that the more adversity someone experienced as a child, the worse their health as an adult. This was not just because people who had faced childhood trauma were more likely to have mental health problems or engage in risky behaviors that are bad for health, which they were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new research showed the damage was much more widespread than mental pain. People who had traumatic childhoods also had more physical pain and damaged bodies. A person who experienced major childhood trauma has four times the risk for chronic lung disease, two and a half times the risk for stroke, and double the risk for cancer. On average, their life expectancy is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19840693\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 years shorter\u003c/a> than for a person without childhood trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Childhood adversity changes the way that our stress response functions,” said \u003ca href=\"https://centerforyouthwellness.org/our-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Nadine Burke Harris\u003c/a>, a pediatrician and founder and Chief Executive Officer of the \u003ca href=\"https://centerforyouthwellness.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Youth Wellness\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That leads to long term changes in the structure and function of children’s developing brains and our hormonal systems, and our immune systems. Even all the way down to the way our DNA is read and transcribed. And that has nothing to do with behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This initial study, often referred to as the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study, is one lens through which to look at trauma. It included emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, emotional or physical neglect, growing up in a household with domestic violence, divorced or separated parents, a family member who was mentally ill, substance-dependent, or incarcerated. For each experienced, a person got a “point.” The total number of points was someone’s “ACE score.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hanes looks through the list of ten potential ACEs, she tallies her score at eight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Nobody Really Wanted Me Around”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trauma started early for Hanes with her parents’ acrimonious divorce when she was two-years-old, and the resulting custody battle that lasted years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each parent’s home, Hanes said she encountered challenges: a mother addicted to muscle relaxants and later, methamphetamines, and on the other side a father who, with his new wife and kids, belittled her. In both places, Hanes said she felt her parents weren’t there for her emotionally, which left her vulnerable to older kids and adults. When she spent the night at a neighbor’s house, she said she was raped by their teenage son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think it’s your fault: what did I do wrong?” she said about the experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of these continued hardships, Hanes began harming herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt like nobody really wanted me around. So, why don’t I just take care of that?” Hanes remembered thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her first suicide attempt was at 12, and over the next several years, she thinks she tried to kill herself 20 more times, her last attempt at age 18. To move away from one kind of self-harm, Hanes started another: she became addicted to methamphetamines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically from 18 to 23, I was addicted to meth and it’s scary. It’s a scary life,” Hanes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting caught and spending time in jail forced her to sober up. She didn’t like the person she was when she was on drugs, and she wanted change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She moved to Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“When the Bear Comes Home Every Night”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nadine Burke Harris has made it her mission to raise awareness about the long-term impacts of childhood trauma. In addition to leading the Center for Youth Wellness, she is a pediatrician who works with low income kids in San Francisco’s Bayview Hunter’s Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her quest started with her young patients, who would come into her office with high rates of health problems like asthma, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and growth failure. She began to see a link between the kids’ illnesses and problems going on in their homes, like an alcoholic mother or a physically abusive father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-800x519.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Nadine Burke Harris and a patient. \" width=\"800\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut-1200x779.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33641_Nadine-and-Child-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Nadine Burke Harris and a patient. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Center for Youth Wellness)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Burke Harris explains the science behind this idea in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/nadine_burke_harris_how_childhood_trauma_affects_health_across_a_lifetime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popular Ted Talk\u003c/a>. In it, she likens the connection between childhood trauma and bad health to seeing a bear in the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immediately, your hypothalamus sends a signal to your pituitary, which sends a signal to your adrenal gland that says, ‘Release stress hormones! Adrenaline! Cortisol!” she explained to her audience. “Your heart starts to pound, your pupils dilate, your airways open up, and you are ready to either fight that bear or run from the bear. And that is wonderful if you’re in a forest and there’s a bear… But the problem is what happens when the bear comes home every night?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Burke Harris said when this hormonal cascade repeats, it seriously harms the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379798000178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first ACE study\u003c/a> showed that they were incredibly common: of the people in the study, 67 percent reported at least one adverse childhood experience. What’s more, the population surveyed didn’t have a lot of the external stressors people may associate with a tumultuous home life: the majority were middle-class, 70 percent were white, and 70 percent were college-educated. Participants had access to quality healthcare through Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person with four or more ACEs (which is considered substantial) is more than five times as likely to experience depression, has four times the risk for chronic lung disease, two and a half times the risk for stroke, and double the risk for cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the subsequent years, doctors, educators and social workers have used this study to change their approach to children and adults with difficult behaviors. Instead of asking “what’s wrong with a person,” they’re asking, “what happened to that person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interrupting Intergenerational Trauma\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help people recover from trauma, experts encourage a wide range of strategies, like therapy, building healthy relationships, and practicing stress reduction techniques, like mindfulness and exercise. They say that applying these interventions during childhood is the most effective way to improve long term health, but identifying and addressing ACEs at any age can still be helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabrina Hanes’ life is an experiment in which this will play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanes has been sober since she moved to Paradise, California, ten years ago, and she’s gotten her criminal record expunged. She’s turned things around, working toward educational and life goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do these things, she’s had to learn to build healthy relationships with those around her. She’s found mentors in her school programs, and through a community nonprofit called \u003ca href=\"http://www.youth4change.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth for Change\u003c/a> that’s taught her parenting skills. Her motivation has come from her own desire to change, a renewed relationship with her mother, and the help of Youth for Change social workers, who are versed in ACEs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanes also enhances her life through other stress reducing behaviors doctors recommend: healthy eating, regular exercise through her dance group, and paying attention to her mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond taking care of herself, Hanes has had to learn to parent differently than her mother and father. ACEs are tricky this way — their impact can be passed from one generation to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanes addresses this through Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), which she attends with her daughter Aroara. PCIT is intended to improve communication between kids and their parents, and \u003ca href=\"https://pcit.ucdavis.edu/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">minimize behaviors\u003c/a> like tantrums and aggression in kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703326\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703326 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Sabrina Hanes and daughter Aroara during a Parent-Child Interaction Therapy session. Mother and daughter sit on one side of a two-way mirror. A therapist, sitting on the other side of the mirror, coaches Hanes through an earbud she wears.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33574_IMG_8929-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sabrina Hanes and daughter Aroara during a Parent-Child Interaction Therapy session. Mother and daughter sit on one side of a two-way mirror. A therapist, sitting on the other side of the mirror, coaches Hanes through an earbud she wears. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At one of their sessions, mother and daughter sat together in one room, playing with a big stuffed bear, a toy stethoscope and Band-Aids. Therapist Laurie Taylor observed them through a fake mirror. Taylor spoke into a microphone that fed into an earbud Hanes wore. Aroara, however, could only hear her own mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703328\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703328\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Therapist Laurie Taylor observes mother and daughter from behind the two-way mirror.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33575_IMG_8948-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Therapist Laurie Taylor observes mother and daughter from behind the two-way mirror. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two worked on addressing fears Aroara has when she goes to the doctor. Taylor coached Hanes through the experience, feeding her helpful lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that next time we go to the doctor’s office you’re going to be able to keep your body calm,” Taylor whispered to Hanes, who spoke it to her daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of therapy is just one tool that helps families who’ve seen trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Making It Work”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabrina Hanes said knowing her high ACE score helped her cope with the trauma of her childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a score of eight and that’s huge,” she said. “But here I am still, I’m doing it. I’m making it work. I can look at those experiences and say they’re experiences I had. It’s not who I am.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Hanes is a mom, a student, a teacher. She volunteers at a local nonprofit teaching classes for toddlers and their parents, incorporating healthy eating, education, and social and emotional growth. She’d like to run her own preschool in the future. She wants to be there for kids who may be going through what she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of one of the classes she teaches, she reads the children’s book “We’re Going on a Bear Hunt” to a semicircle of mothers with young kids on their laps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message of the book repeats page after page, that when confronted with an obstacle, the characters can’t skirt around it: they must go right through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Get Out Now”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the morning of Thursday, Nov. 8, Hanes smelled the fire. She saw large ash, similar to what she’d seen just months before when the Carr Fire swept through nearby counties. She and Aroara had evacuated their home a handful of times in the past, prompted by an official alert. Receiving none, Hanes slowly packed with Aroara in case they would need to leave. In the past, evacuation traffic had been awful, she said, and she didn’t want to add to it if it was unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t think that you’re going to lose your home,” Hanes said, based on the handful of other evacuations she’s been through. “I guess I sat there thinking the firefighters — they got this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took a frantic call from a friend to get the pair out. “You can’t wait,” she told Hanes, “get out now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five harrowing hours later, Hanes and Aroara arrived at a friend’s house in Chico — that drive would normally take them 20 minutes, Hanes said. Hanes and Aroara were then evacuated a second time around midnight to a more central part of Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past week, Hanes and Aroara have been staying with friends in Chico. They arrived with two small backpacks of clothing and one photo album. They did not have time to find their cat before leaving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The home Hanes rented for years has completely burned down, and she did not have renters’ insurance because she could not afford it, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11706347\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sabrina Hanes home on Aug. 13, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32363_ACEs_AW_58-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sabrina Hanes home on Aug. 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11706349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The site of Sabrina Hanes' home on Nov. 13, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33895_paradise_AW_12-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The site of Sabrina Hanes’ home on Nov. 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I told Aroara that we’re strong and we can do this,” Hanes said over the phone just days after the fire, emotion welling up in her voice. “It’s just so hard. This definitely tops it. Honestly [Aroara] is what is keeping me going because I know I have to be here for her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hear that God doesn’t give you anything more than what you can handle. But I feel like I’m questioning that right now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://childtrauma.ucsf.edu/our-team#Chandra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chandra Ghosh Ippen\u003c/a> is a psychologist and Associate Director of the \u003ca href=\"https://childtrauma.ucsf.edu/child-trauma-research-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Child Trauma Research Program\u003c/a> at University of California, San Francisco. In addition to studying childhood trauma, she’s authored several free books for kids and their parents that address traumas, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nctsn.org/resources/trinka-and-sam-big-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one about wildfires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghosh Ippen said that while people with high ACE scores will all react differently to new trauma, the fire will likely be worse for them than for those who’ve had less trauma in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve had a very heavy trauma history another trauma often reawakens symptoms,” she said. “And so they may find themselves experiencing more symptoms than someone would if they had just, and I say ‘just’ in quotes, gone through the fire or a natural disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghosh Ippen said it’s important that our community and country respond seriously to those who’ve been impacted by the wildfires. Knowing that people are aware of their loss and reacting to it can help wildfire victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghosh Ippen listed several other ways people can help those impacted by the wildfires: meeting their basic needs through food, clothing and shelter, guiding people through disaster relief systems, holding a space for grief and opportunities to take care of their mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11706925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sabrina and Aroara in their friends' living room, where they have stayed since the wildfire reduced their home to ashes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33970_111318_AW_SabrinaHanes_07-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sabrina and Aroara in their friends’ living room, where they have stayed since the wildfire reduced their home to ashes. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hanes doesn’t know what will come next for her and her daughter. She feels pulled in many directions, between looking for new housing and helping Aroara process all that they’ve lost, from the big things to the small, like the presents for Aroara’s upcoming birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all the structures that were important to Hanes burned in the fire, except one: the dance studio where she’d spend hours each day. “All the teachers and dancers just keep saying it’s because of all the love that we poured into that studio,” Hanes said. “There was nothing that was going to take it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Shunning Shelters, Fire Evacuees Find Freedom but No Comfort in Walmart Tent Encampment",
"title": "Shunning Shelters, Fire Evacuees Find Freedom but No Comfort in Walmart Tent Encampment",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the tens of thousands of people who have been displaced by the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> burning in Butte County, some of them are making their temporary home in an encampment of about 45 tents set up in a lot next to a Walmart in downtown Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some have decided to sleep there because they want privacy a FEMA shelter can't provide. Others stay in this field of dead, brown grass because they're worried they'll get the norovirus that's being passed around the shelters like a Thanksgiving plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others stay near the Walmart parking lot for the same reason they lived in rural Butte County: they don't like rules or anyone telling them what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are a few tents with chronically homeless people living in them, most of the people here fled the Camp Fire, which had burned nearly 150,000 acres and claimed 76 lives as of Sunday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, the escape from the fire led them down a road that has dead-ended at the Walmart. They have nowhere else to go as they wait for the mail, FEMA notices and payouts, and insurance notices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accommodate this group, Comcast set up a hotspot tower to provide Wi-Fi. A local food truck — Sexy Panda — has taken to feeding the tent community 24 hours a day. A dozen or so portable toilets have been set up. Every couple of minutes, someone walks by offering gift cards, food or coffee. Over the weekend, there was even an acupuncture table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Donations including clothing, games, shoes, and other items were laid out in the lot where some evacuees have set up a tent encampment.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut.jpg 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donations including clothing, games, shoes, and other items were laid out in the lot where some evacuees have set up a tent encampment. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tents are piled high with blankets to keep the warmth in because the weather in Chico has been dipping near freezing at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have anywhere to go, but here in the tent is rough,\" said Arturo Cessena. \"I have a job that's close to Chico, so I have to stay here. But it's so hard to come — I don't even want to say I come home to this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cessena waves his hand, his fingers tracing piles of used clothes, mounds of trash, the tops of tents and a blood red sun blazing through the thick grey smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It feels like the apocalypse,\" he said. \"I mean, look around, this shit is unreal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families started camping out next to the Walmart as soon as the first night after the fire when shelter space limited. But even after more shelters opened up, they still didn’t want to go, in part because an outbreak of norovirus — a virus that causes flu-like symptoms — has spread throughout the shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people in the Walmart parking lot have started getting sick too. Christina Hixson lived at the Paradise Mobile Estates with her dog, Peanut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've been sick all night, very sick,” Hixson said, “and shelters are condensed and not everybody’s hygienically clean. So we’re just trying to get to a place where we feel safe and secure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707236\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Djara German has lived in that tent with three other people for eight days in a lot next to the Walmart in downtown Chico.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Djara German has lived in that tent with three other people for eight days in a lot next to the Walmart in downtown Chico. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some people have moved to a Red Cross Shelter at the Butte Couny Fairgrounds. Butte County officials aren’t forcing people to leave, but with the rains coming this week, they want to encourage people to get in some kind of shelter. They’re worried that the nearby parking lot will flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most pervasive here is misinformation. Lots of people think they’re being forced out, and volunteers are working to dispel those rumors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are spreading a lot of bullshit around here,\" said one man who interrupted an interview with a Walmart camper. \"It's all fake news and bullshit. We don't have to leave here if we don't want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the briefing with Cal Fire on Sunday, firefighters were encouraged to work diligently to get people back into their homes as soon as possible. But many have been told even if their homes are standing, it could be months before the hazardous material is cleared and they're allowed back in their neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My house made it. Somehow it didn't burn,\" said Daniel Handson. \"But I can't go back. They have to clean everything up. One guy told me a couple months, another guy told me a couple years. Who knows when, but in the meantime, my daughter has to live in Sacramento until I get this sorted out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I own a house, I pay a mortgage, and I live in a tent,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the tens of thousands of people who have been displaced by the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> burning in Butte County, some of them are making their temporary home in an encampment of about 45 tents set up in a lot next to a Walmart in downtown Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some have decided to sleep there because they want privacy a FEMA shelter can't provide. Others stay in this field of dead, brown grass because they're worried they'll get the norovirus that's being passed around the shelters like a Thanksgiving plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others stay near the Walmart parking lot for the same reason they lived in rural Butte County: they don't like rules or anyone telling them what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are a few tents with chronically homeless people living in them, most of the people here fled the Camp Fire, which had burned nearly 150,000 acres and claimed 76 lives as of Sunday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, the escape from the fire led them down a road that has dead-ended at the Walmart. They have nowhere else to go as they wait for the mail, FEMA notices and payouts, and insurance notices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accommodate this group, Comcast set up a hotspot tower to provide Wi-Fi. A local food truck — Sexy Panda — has taken to feeding the tent community 24 hours a day. A dozen or so portable toilets have been set up. Every couple of minutes, someone walks by offering gift cards, food or coffee. Over the weekend, there was even an acupuncture table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Donations including clothing, games, shoes, and other items were laid out in the lot where some evacuees have set up a tent encampment.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33980_UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_8986-qut.jpg 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donations including clothing, games, shoes, and other items were laid out in the lot where some evacuees have set up a tent encampment. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tents are piled high with blankets to keep the warmth in because the weather in Chico has been dipping near freezing at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have anywhere to go, but here in the tent is rough,\" said Arturo Cessena. \"I have a job that's close to Chico, so I have to stay here. But it's so hard to come — I don't even want to say I come home to this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cessena waves his hand, his fingers tracing piles of used clothes, mounds of trash, the tops of tents and a blood red sun blazing through the thick grey smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It feels like the apocalypse,\" he said. \"I mean, look around, this shit is unreal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families started camping out next to the Walmart as soon as the first night after the fire when shelter space limited. But even after more shelters opened up, they still didn’t want to go, in part because an outbreak of norovirus — a virus that causes flu-like symptoms — has spread throughout the shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people in the Walmart parking lot have started getting sick too. Christina Hixson lived at the Paradise Mobile Estates with her dog, Peanut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've been sick all night, very sick,” Hixson said, “and shelters are condensed and not everybody’s hygienically clean. So we’re just trying to get to a place where we feel safe and secure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707236\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Djara German has lived in that tent with three other people for eight days in a lot next to the Walmart in downtown Chico.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33982_IMG_1590-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Djara German has lived in that tent with three other people for eight days in a lot next to the Walmart in downtown Chico. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some people have moved to a Red Cross Shelter at the Butte Couny Fairgrounds. Butte County officials aren’t forcing people to leave, but with the rains coming this week, they want to encourage people to get in some kind of shelter. They’re worried that the nearby parking lot will flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most pervasive here is misinformation. Lots of people think they’re being forced out, and volunteers are working to dispel those rumors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are spreading a lot of bullshit around here,\" said one man who interrupted an interview with a Walmart camper. \"It's all fake news and bullshit. We don't have to leave here if we don't want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the briefing with Cal Fire on Sunday, firefighters were encouraged to work diligently to get people back into their homes as soon as possible. But many have been told even if their homes are standing, it could be months before the hazardous material is cleared and they're allowed back in their neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My house made it. Somehow it didn't burn,\" said Daniel Handson. \"But I can't go back. They have to clean everything up. One guy told me a couple months, another guy told me a couple years. Who knows when, but in the meantime, my daughter has to live in Sacramento until I get this sorted out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I own a house, I pay a mortgage, and I live in a tent,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "separated-by-fire-man-launches-wrenching-search-for-his-wife",
"title": "Separated By Fire, Man Launches Wrenching Search For His Wife",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Editor’s note:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem> This story contains some disturbing details that may be upsetting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">deadly Camp Fire\u003c/a> barreled into the Northern California town of Paradise, Jim Knaver, who is in his 60s, has barely slept or eaten. The elementary school teacher’s days have been consumed by visits to evacuation centers and hospitals as he searches for his 67-year-old disabled wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Her name is Anna Hastings, and she goes by Toni,” he tells an evacuation center volunteer who checks a list of those staying at the shelter. “She’s like 5-foot-tall, blond hair, blue eyes.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she hasn’t signed in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/16/668552010/more-than-600-people-now-missing-in-californias-deadliest-fire\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hundreds of people are missing\u003c/a> in Northern California and dozens are dead after the fast-moving Camp Fire decimated the mountain town of Paradise. For every person still unaccounted for, there are family members and friends desperately trying to find them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knaver’s search began Nov. 8, a Thursday that started out like any other beautiful fall day in the pine-filled mountain town. The only exception was a light bit of smoke Knaver noticed in the far distance. So, before he left for work, he and his wife prepped the way they always had during their 19 years of living up in wildfire country. He double-checked there was nothing flammable near the house while she monitored the local TV news. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Knaver spent about 45 minutes clearing the roof and yard of pine needles that had fallen over night, he remembers feeling relieved that he had spent the last seven years fireproofing his yard as best he could. He had cleared the property of brush; he had installed sod around the house and spent thousands of dollars trimming the lower limbs off all his pine trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he went back inside, Toni told him she saw no mention of fire on the news. So, Knaver headed to work in nearby Chico where he teaches fourth grade. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Knaver adds the name of his wife, Anna, to a whiteboard at an evacuation center in Chico, Calif.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11707132\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Knaver adds the name of his wife, Anna, to a whiteboard at an evacuation center in Chico, Calif. \u003ccite>(Stephanie O'Neill for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I told her, ‘I’m gonna go .. halfway down the mountain,’ ” Knaver says. “I promised her if I saw anything that made me feel a little bit uncomfortable or [if I] got a strange vibe, I was going to turn around half way and come home and call in sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he didn’t because down the road, the smoke was thin — like an ordinary Butte County grass fire. Within a couple hours, however, everything changed: The winds picked up, and the fire began to roar. Knaver left his classroom and raced back toward his home until he could go no farther. The California Highway Patrol had set up a roadblock and wasn’t letting anyone up the mountain. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told the CHP officer my wife is disabled, she doesn’t drive a car, she doesn’t have a cellphone, and she’s not going to leave without the dogs and cats,” Knaver says. “And I really need to get up there to get her. And he goes: ‘Turn that truck around, no one’s getting up here.’ ” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he phoned the Butte County Sheriff’s Department and requested a welfare check at his home. Then, he phoned Toni and told her the road was closed. They began discussing her options — leave with neighbors or, in a worst-case scenario, head across the street into a clearing. Over the next few hours, the couple spoke several times. Then, sometime after 11 a.m., Knaver tried calling his wife again but couldn’t get through because the phone lines were down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began hoping she had escaped in a neighbor’s car. And then he began his search for her — checking hospitals, evacuation shelters. Friends and family from throughout the U.S., Canada and Ireland were also making calls and checking a Red Cross website. No one had any information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After five days, Knaver got behind fire lines and headed into Paradise. What he saw as he and a visitor drove into the still-smoldering downtown left him stunned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is often the case with wildfires, the destruction is haphazard. In Paradise, the Big O Tires shop stands, but an antique store and restaurant are burned to the ground. Down the street, a convenience store is melted into an unrecognizable mass. Businesses Knaver patronized for two decades — some owned by friends — are now burned beyond recognition. Thousands of homes reduced to ash; others untouched by flames. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just praying that my wife and dogs and cats are in the untouched homes,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Knaver heads into his neighborhood, he loses track of where he is because nothing looks like Paradise anymore. He prays out loud: “Please God, let Toni and the animals be in the house.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he turns the final corner and sees some houses standing, Knaver holds out hope. But as he approaches his driveway, it’s extinguished. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God, my whole house is gone,” he cries out. “Oh no, I don’t think my wife made it out.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, Jim Knaver gets a terrible phone call. It’s from the Butte County Coroner’s Office. They tell him that search dogs on his property found remains believed to belong to his wife of 43 years: Anna Irene Hastings, known by her friends and family as “Toni.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Separated+By+Fire%2C+Man+Launches+Wrenching+Search+For+His+Wife&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Editor’s note:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem> This story contains some disturbing details that may be upsetting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">deadly Camp Fire\u003c/a> barreled into the Northern California town of Paradise, Jim Knaver, who is in his 60s, has barely slept or eaten. The elementary school teacher’s days have been consumed by visits to evacuation centers and hospitals as he searches for his 67-year-old disabled wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Her name is Anna Hastings, and she goes by Toni,” he tells an evacuation center volunteer who checks a list of those staying at the shelter. “She’s like 5-foot-tall, blond hair, blue eyes.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she hasn’t signed in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/16/668552010/more-than-600-people-now-missing-in-californias-deadliest-fire\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hundreds of people are missing\u003c/a> in Northern California and dozens are dead after the fast-moving Camp Fire decimated the mountain town of Paradise. For every person still unaccounted for, there are family members and friends desperately trying to find them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knaver’s search began Nov. 8, a Thursday that started out like any other beautiful fall day in the pine-filled mountain town. The only exception was a light bit of smoke Knaver noticed in the far distance. So, before he left for work, he and his wife prepped the way they always had during their 19 years of living up in wildfire country. He double-checked there was nothing flammable near the house while she monitored the local TV news. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Knaver spent about 45 minutes clearing the roof and yard of pine needles that had fallen over night, he remembers feeling relieved that he had spent the last seven years fireproofing his yard as best he could. He had cleared the property of brush; he had installed sod around the house and spent thousands of dollars trimming the lower limbs off all his pine trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he went back inside, Toni told him she saw no mention of fire on the news. So, Knaver headed to work in nearby Chico where he teaches fourth grade. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Knaver adds the name of his wife, Anna, to a whiteboard at an evacuation center in Chico, Calif.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11707132\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/jim-5_wide-75376eab2d09a516f7ad847b92a66484caaa4535-e1542492638181-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Knaver adds the name of his wife, Anna, to a whiteboard at an evacuation center in Chico, Calif. \u003ccite>(Stephanie O'Neill for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I told her, ‘I’m gonna go .. halfway down the mountain,’ ” Knaver says. “I promised her if I saw anything that made me feel a little bit uncomfortable or [if I] got a strange vibe, I was going to turn around half way and come home and call in sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he didn’t because down the road, the smoke was thin — like an ordinary Butte County grass fire. Within a couple hours, however, everything changed: The winds picked up, and the fire began to roar. Knaver left his classroom and raced back toward his home until he could go no farther. The California Highway Patrol had set up a roadblock and wasn’t letting anyone up the mountain. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told the CHP officer my wife is disabled, she doesn’t drive a car, she doesn’t have a cellphone, and she’s not going to leave without the dogs and cats,” Knaver says. “And I really need to get up there to get her. And he goes: ‘Turn that truck around, no one’s getting up here.’ ” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he phoned the Butte County Sheriff’s Department and requested a welfare check at his home. Then, he phoned Toni and told her the road was closed. They began discussing her options — leave with neighbors or, in a worst-case scenario, head across the street into a clearing. Over the next few hours, the couple spoke several times. Then, sometime after 11 a.m., Knaver tried calling his wife again but couldn’t get through because the phone lines were down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began hoping she had escaped in a neighbor’s car. And then he began his search for her — checking hospitals, evacuation shelters. Friends and family from throughout the U.S., Canada and Ireland were also making calls and checking a Red Cross website. No one had any information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After five days, Knaver got behind fire lines and headed into Paradise. What he saw as he and a visitor drove into the still-smoldering downtown left him stunned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is often the case with wildfires, the destruction is haphazard. In Paradise, the Big O Tires shop stands, but an antique store and restaurant are burned to the ground. Down the street, a convenience store is melted into an unrecognizable mass. Businesses Knaver patronized for two decades — some owned by friends — are now burned beyond recognition. Thousands of homes reduced to ash; others untouched by flames. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just praying that my wife and dogs and cats are in the untouched homes,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Knaver heads into his neighborhood, he loses track of where he is because nothing looks like Paradise anymore. He prays out loud: “Please God, let Toni and the animals be in the house.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he turns the final corner and sees some houses standing, Knaver holds out hope. But as he approaches his driveway, it’s extinguished. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God, my whole house is gone,” he cries out. “Oh no, I don’t think my wife made it out.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, Jim Knaver gets a terrible phone call. It’s from the Butte County Coroner’s Office. They tell him that search dogs on his property found remains believed to belong to his wife of 43 years: Anna Irene Hastings, known by her friends and family as “Toni.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Separated+By+Fire%2C+Man+Launches+Wrenching+Search+For+His+Wife&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'The Federal Government Is Behind You': Trump Tours Camp Fire Devastation with Brown, Newsom",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Follow KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump pledged to work with California leaders to help the state recover from the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> during a visit to a burn site in Paradise on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal government is behind you, we're all behind you,\" Trump said, standing between Gov. Jerry Brown and Gov.-elect Newsom, and in front of Paradise's burned-out landscape. As of Trump's visit on Saturday, the Camp Fire has scorched 148,000 acres and killed at least 71 people, with more than 1,000 still listed as missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What You Need to Know: Butte County's Camp Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1062441210-e1542468328110.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The latest information on the deadline Camp Fire. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more\u003c/a> about how to protect yourself.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Trump was also joined by Paradise Mayor Jody Jones, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, U.S. Rep. Doug LaMalfa, U.S. Rep Ken Calvert and FEMA Administrator Brock Long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president praised FEMA and law enforcement officials for their work in the aftermath of the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934332/the-largest-deadliest-and-most-destructive-fires-in-california-history\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">modern California history\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody would've ever thought this could happen,\" Trump said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's visit comes days after he seemed to blame state officials for contributing to the fire by not having proper forest management techniques, even though 57 percent of the state's forest land is owned by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no reason for these massive, deadly and costly forest fires in California except that forest management is so poor,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1061168803218948096\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trump tweeted\u003c/a> a week before his visit. \"Billions of dollars are given each year, with so many lives lost, all because of gross mismanagement of the forests. Remedy now, or no more Fed payments!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days later, Trump approved a major disaster declaration that Brown had requested, providing additional federal resources and money to help the state deal with the fire's devastation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The people that are right here — local people, state people — are doing the work,\" Brown said on Saturday. \"Federal government provides some help and a lot of money and some expertise, and somehow we'll pull through it together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump arrived in Chico by helicopter around 11 a.m. Dozens of supporters lined the exit to the airport and the motorcade's route, with many waving U.S. flags. One supporter held a \"Welcome President Trump\" sign, while another person along the route held one that said, \"Our Fault: Really?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Trump, he spoke with Brown and Newsom about what can be done to prevent future disasters, and he said they were all committed to improving forest management, a topic Trump brought up numerous times during his visit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think everybody's seen the light,\" Trump said. \"I don't think we'll have this again to this extent. Hopefully this will be the last of these because this was a really, really bad one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated to clarify the portion of California forests owned by the federal government.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Follow KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump pledged to work with California leaders to help the state recover from the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> during a visit to a burn site in Paradise on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal government is behind you, we're all behind you,\" Trump said, standing between Gov. Jerry Brown and Gov.-elect Newsom, and in front of Paradise's burned-out landscape. As of Trump's visit on Saturday, the Camp Fire has scorched 148,000 acres and killed at least 71 people, with more than 1,000 still listed as missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What You Need to Know: Butte County's Camp Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1062441210-e1542468328110.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The latest information on the deadline Camp Fire. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more\u003c/a> about how to protect yourself.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Trump was also joined by Paradise Mayor Jody Jones, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, U.S. Rep. Doug LaMalfa, U.S. Rep Ken Calvert and FEMA Administrator Brock Long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president praised FEMA and law enforcement officials for their work in the aftermath of the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934332/the-largest-deadliest-and-most-destructive-fires-in-california-history\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">modern California history\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody would've ever thought this could happen,\" Trump said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's visit comes days after he seemed to blame state officials for contributing to the fire by not having proper forest management techniques, even though 57 percent of the state's forest land is owned by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no reason for these massive, deadly and costly forest fires in California except that forest management is so poor,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1061168803218948096\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trump tweeted\u003c/a> a week before his visit. \"Billions of dollars are given each year, with so many lives lost, all because of gross mismanagement of the forests. Remedy now, or no more Fed payments!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days later, Trump approved a major disaster declaration that Brown had requested, providing additional federal resources and money to help the state deal with the fire's devastation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The people that are right here — local people, state people — are doing the work,\" Brown said on Saturday. \"Federal government provides some help and a lot of money and some expertise, and somehow we'll pull through it together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump arrived in Chico by helicopter around 11 a.m. Dozens of supporters lined the exit to the airport and the motorcade's route, with many waving U.S. flags. One supporter held a \"Welcome President Trump\" sign, while another person along the route held one that said, \"Our Fault: Really?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Trump, he spoke with Brown and Newsom about what can be done to prevent future disasters, and he said they were all committed to improving forest management, a topic Trump brought up numerous times during his visit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think everybody's seen the light,\" Trump said. \"I don't think we'll have this again to this extent. Hopefully this will be the last of these because this was a really, really bad one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated to clarify the portion of California forests owned by the federal government.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Local Bay Area governments and advocates are concerned about homeless people dealing with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the unhealthy air quality\u003c/a> caused by the Camp Fire. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Impacts are being felt across the region \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934155/smoke-from-camp-fire-blankets-bay-area\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">as air quality has worsened\u003c/a>, fluctuating between “unhealthy” and “very unhealthy.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, a number of homeless advocacy groups are expanding homeless outreach services. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing in San Francisco—which combines key homeless serving programs and contracts from the Department of Public Health (DPH), the Human Services Agency (HSA), the Mayor’s Office of Housing and Community Development (MOHCD), and the Department of Children Youth and Their Families (DCYF)—is expanding shelter space and checking on people in the streets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randy Quezada, the department’s Communications and Community Relations Manager, says they have expanded their shelter to include 75 additional mats, and are performing wellness checks, offering masks, water and transport to the shelter for unsheltered people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned about unsheltered people, because the best advice we’ve been getting from the Department of Public Health is to try to be indoors,” Quezada said. “So we are trying to create opportunities for people to come indoors through our expanded shelter. And for those people who cannot come in, we have been offering masks. At this point we’ve distributed 1,400 masks and almost 700 bottles of water, but our goal is to get as many people in as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Friedenbach is Executive Director of the Coalition on Homelessness, a homeless advocacy group in San Francisco that is coordinating with local government and civic organizations to ensure they are distributing masks, providing shelter, and getting the word out to homeless people about the various resources available to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says there are anywhere between 7,000 and 10,000 people homeless on the streets of San Francisco at any given time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, the health warnings coming down are telling folks to go inside. And all these folks are outside 24/7 and already have compromised health situations as a result, because human beings are not meant to live outdoors,” Friedenbach said. “So they’re at particular risk. Many of them are elderly, and there’s also a lot of homeless children. We have about 3,300 homeless children in San Francisco, and the schools are now closed and they don’t have the school to go to to get out from sleeping in their cars or where they might be staying. So they are at particular vulnerability for the poor air quality and its negative health impacts.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Human Services Agency, along with Episcopal Community Services and the San Francisco Interfaith Council, will be opening the Interfaith Winter Shelter this Sunday to provide up to 100 additional beds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out more about shelters, go to the \u003ca href=\"http://hsh.sfgov.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Department of Emergency Management has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf72.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">an extensive list of indoor spaces\u003c/a> that the public can escape the smoke in and KQED Arts has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13845085/escape-the-smoke-these-san-francisco-museums-are-free-this-weekend\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a list of museums offering free admission\u003c/a> so people can stay indoors as well. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Local Bay Area governments and advocates are concerned about homeless people dealing with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the unhealthy air quality\u003c/a> caused by the Camp Fire. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Impacts are being felt across the region \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934155/smoke-from-camp-fire-blankets-bay-area\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">as air quality has worsened\u003c/a>, fluctuating between “unhealthy” and “very unhealthy.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, a number of homeless advocacy groups are expanding homeless outreach services. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing in San Francisco—which combines key homeless serving programs and contracts from the Department of Public Health (DPH), the Human Services Agency (HSA), the Mayor’s Office of Housing and Community Development (MOHCD), and the Department of Children Youth and Their Families (DCYF)—is expanding shelter space and checking on people in the streets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randy Quezada, the department’s Communications and Community Relations Manager, says they have expanded their shelter to include 75 additional mats, and are performing wellness checks, offering masks, water and transport to the shelter for unsheltered people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned about unsheltered people, because the best advice we’ve been getting from the Department of Public Health is to try to be indoors,” Quezada said. “So we are trying to create opportunities for people to come indoors through our expanded shelter. And for those people who cannot come in, we have been offering masks. At this point we’ve distributed 1,400 masks and almost 700 bottles of water, but our goal is to get as many people in as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Friedenbach is Executive Director of the Coalition on Homelessness, a homeless advocacy group in San Francisco that is coordinating with local government and civic organizations to ensure they are distributing masks, providing shelter, and getting the word out to homeless people about the various resources available to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says there are anywhere between 7,000 and 10,000 people homeless on the streets of San Francisco at any given time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, the health warnings coming down are telling folks to go inside. And all these folks are outside 24/7 and already have compromised health situations as a result, because human beings are not meant to live outdoors,” Friedenbach said. “So they’re at particular risk. Many of them are elderly, and there’s also a lot of homeless children. We have about 3,300 homeless children in San Francisco, and the schools are now closed and they don’t have the school to go to to get out from sleeping in their cars or where they might be staying. So they are at particular vulnerability for the poor air quality and its negative health impacts.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Human Services Agency, along with Episcopal Community Services and the San Francisco Interfaith Council, will be opening the Interfaith Winter Shelter this Sunday to provide up to 100 additional beds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out more about shelters, go to the \u003ca href=\"http://hsh.sfgov.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Department of Emergency Management has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf72.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">an extensive list of indoor spaces\u003c/a> that the public can escape the smoke in and KQED Arts has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13845085/escape-the-smoke-these-san-francisco-museums-are-free-this-weekend\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a list of museums offering free admission\u003c/a> so people can stay indoors as well. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "To Close or Not to Close for Bad Air? No Easy Answer for Bay Area Schools",
"title": "To Close or Not to Close for Bad Air? No Easy Answer for Bay Area Schools",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Follow KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of Bay Area students and teachers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706584/friday-school-closures-and-restrictions-announced-for-the-bay-area\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">stayed home from school\u003c/a> Friday after dirty air from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> led many districts across the region to cancel classes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly unusual decision came down to school leaders, who were often left to make judgment calls in the absence of clear protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is new for us,” says Napa County Superintendent of Schools Barbara Nemko. “It may be becoming the new normal, but it’s not normal yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the region, education officials described consultations with county health and air quality district officials, and protracted discussions that weighed concerns from parents and teachers against concern for kids’ safety at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was not an easy decision. It was not made lightly,” says Alameda County Office of Education spokeswoman Michelle Smith-McDonald. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-1006311468-1180x803.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents in the path of wildfire smoke can take certain precautionary measures to protect their lungs from smoke pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more\u003c/a> about how to protect yourself.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All public schools in Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco and Solano counties were closed on Friday. Some schools in San Mateo, Santa Clara and Sonoma counties stayed open because it’s not a certainty that keeping kids home is any better for their health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no evidence that children are more safe from smoke or particulate matter at home than at school,” says Alameda County Interim Health Officer Erica Pan. “In some cases air quality may be better at school than at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Nemko, that was an important consideration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very aware the we have the best HVAC system anywhere,” she says. “So the air quality probably inside school buildings is as good or better than at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But superintendents were contending with complaints from parents and teachers, and in some cases, high numbers of teacher absences due to health conditions triggered by smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, teachers union president Keith Brown sent a letter to the superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District asking the district to either provide masks for all students and teachers or cancel school. If not, Brown said teachers would consider not showing up to work. In some cases, Brown says, teachers reported worse air quality inside school buildings than outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nemko says it was a tough spot to be in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think no matter what we decide there will be people on each side of the issue that will be unhappy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Do Schools Decide Whether to Close?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Public health officials played varying roles in the decisions made by schools across the region. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\">MAP: Here's Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Air-Quality-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"483\" height=\"367\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11707050\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Air-Quality-3.png 483w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Air-Quality-3-160x122.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\">\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nemko says Napa's chief health officer suggested keeping schools open earlier in the week when the \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Quality Index\u003c/a> was in the \"unhealthy\" range between 150 and 200, but that if it rose above 275, it would be good for schools to close. But that was only a suggestion, not a hard-and-fast rule: a spokeswoman for the county said there is no established Air Quality Index cutoff level for school dismissals or closures in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Santa Clara County, school and public health department officials say they worked together closely before eventually deciding to leave most schools in the county open. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do we get our most vulnerable populations access to indoor air space?\" said county health officer Sarah Cody at a joint press conference with health and school officials on Friday. \"One of the ways we can do that is by keeping the schools open. For many families, schools are really the safest place to send their children.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when education officials in Alameda County asked the Department of Public Health if the department would determine an Air Quality Index threshold at which schools should close, Smith-McDonald says, “They said they were not prepared to do that, so the superintendents were in a position where they needed to make a judgement call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Alameda County’s Public Health Department, the San Francisco County Department of Public Health did not issue any guidelines to school officials around closing schools. Neither department was not involved in the decision to close schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality District does not make recommendations on school closures, according to a spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Central Valley, where people have a lot of experience with bad air, the regional air quality district has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthyairliving.com/schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program dedicated to helping schools\u003c/a> make informed decisions about about keeping kids safe in poor air conditions, but school closures have never been part of their guidelines. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13845085/escape-the-smoke-these-san-francisco-museums-are-free-this-weekend\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Escape the Smoke: These San Francisco Museums Are Free This Weekend\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ww2.kqed_.orgGettyImages-525644360-800-8f207d8d671a9a682f43bed8babcf795921c7492-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11706986\">\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Our recommendation is that you reduce their outdoor exposure,” says district spokeswoman Heather Heinks. “If kids get sent home, now there’s a bunch of kids who maybe aren’t supervised and maybe they’re going to go outside anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, while Central Valley school districts often have to contend with poor air — Kern County has had 15 unhealthy red zone days since May — it rarely reaches the levels seen across the Bay Area this week. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the decision to cancel classes always comes down to school leaders, most of whom are facing these air quality questions for the first time. As wildfires and drifting smoke make dirty air more common in the Bay Area, education and public health officials are looking to institute clearer protocols. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, the Sonoma County Office of Education released air quality guidelines that establish an Air Quality Index of 275 as the threshold for closing schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707073\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules-800x617.png\" alt=\"Sonoma County's Office of Education released school closure guidelines for poor air quality on Tuesday, Nov. 13.\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707073\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules-800x617.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules-160x123.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules-1020x786.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules.png 1039w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sonoma County Office of Education released school closure guidelines for poor air quality on Tuesday, Nov. 13. \u003ccite>(Sonoma County Office of Education)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Erica Pan of the Alameda County Public Health Department says she’s working with other health officials in the area to help develop regional guidelines going forward. She says more important than any kind of Air Quality Index threshold for closing schools is thinking about indoor air quality. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the outdoor Air Quality Index is high, we all need to figure out how to best stay inside and have the healthiest indoor air quality,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan says she spoke with school officials on Friday about providing public health input as districts put together plans for the future. One thing schools can do immediately, she says, is assess their HVAC systems and make improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a press release put out Friday afternoon, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson assured school leaders that cancelling classes because of bad air quality would not lead them to miss out on funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to thank school districts for acting to protect educators and students, and to let them know that the California Department of Education will assist them in any way that we can,” Torlakson said in a statement. “Safety must come first for students, teachers, and staff.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Follow KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of Bay Area students and teachers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706584/friday-school-closures-and-restrictions-announced-for-the-bay-area\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">stayed home from school\u003c/a> Friday after dirty air from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> led many districts across the region to cancel classes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly unusual decision came down to school leaders, who were often left to make judgment calls in the absence of clear protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is new for us,” says Napa County Superintendent of Schools Barbara Nemko. “It may be becoming the new normal, but it’s not normal yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the region, education officials described consultations with county health and air quality district officials, and protracted discussions that weighed concerns from parents and teachers against concern for kids’ safety at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was not an easy decision. It was not made lightly,” says Alameda County Office of Education spokeswoman Michelle Smith-McDonald. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-1006311468-1180x803.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents in the path of wildfire smoke can take certain precautionary measures to protect their lungs from smoke pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more\u003c/a> about how to protect yourself.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All public schools in Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco and Solano counties were closed on Friday. Some schools in San Mateo, Santa Clara and Sonoma counties stayed open because it’s not a certainty that keeping kids home is any better for their health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no evidence that children are more safe from smoke or particulate matter at home than at school,” says Alameda County Interim Health Officer Erica Pan. “In some cases air quality may be better at school than at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Nemko, that was an important consideration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very aware the we have the best HVAC system anywhere,” she says. “So the air quality probably inside school buildings is as good or better than at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But superintendents were contending with complaints from parents and teachers, and in some cases, high numbers of teacher absences due to health conditions triggered by smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, teachers union president Keith Brown sent a letter to the superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District asking the district to either provide masks for all students and teachers or cancel school. If not, Brown said teachers would consider not showing up to work. In some cases, Brown says, teachers reported worse air quality inside school buildings than outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nemko says it was a tough spot to be in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think no matter what we decide there will be people on each side of the issue that will be unhappy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Do Schools Decide Whether to Close?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Public health officials played varying roles in the decisions made by schools across the region. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\">MAP: Here's Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Air-Quality-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"483\" height=\"367\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11707050\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Air-Quality-3.png 483w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Air-Quality-3-160x122.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\">\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nemko says Napa's chief health officer suggested keeping schools open earlier in the week when the \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Quality Index\u003c/a> was in the \"unhealthy\" range between 150 and 200, but that if it rose above 275, it would be good for schools to close. But that was only a suggestion, not a hard-and-fast rule: a spokeswoman for the county said there is no established Air Quality Index cutoff level for school dismissals or closures in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Santa Clara County, school and public health department officials say they worked together closely before eventually deciding to leave most schools in the county open. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do we get our most vulnerable populations access to indoor air space?\" said county health officer Sarah Cody at a joint press conference with health and school officials on Friday. \"One of the ways we can do that is by keeping the schools open. For many families, schools are really the safest place to send their children.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when education officials in Alameda County asked the Department of Public Health if the department would determine an Air Quality Index threshold at which schools should close, Smith-McDonald says, “They said they were not prepared to do that, so the superintendents were in a position where they needed to make a judgement call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Alameda County’s Public Health Department, the San Francisco County Department of Public Health did not issue any guidelines to school officials around closing schools. Neither department was not involved in the decision to close schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality District does not make recommendations on school closures, according to a spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Central Valley, where people have a lot of experience with bad air, the regional air quality district has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthyairliving.com/schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program dedicated to helping schools\u003c/a> make informed decisions about about keeping kids safe in poor air conditions, but school closures have never been part of their guidelines. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13845085/escape-the-smoke-these-san-francisco-museums-are-free-this-weekend\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Escape the Smoke: These San Francisco Museums Are Free This Weekend\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ww2.kqed_.orgGettyImages-525644360-800-8f207d8d671a9a682f43bed8babcf795921c7492-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11706986\">\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Our recommendation is that you reduce their outdoor exposure,” says district spokeswoman Heather Heinks. “If kids get sent home, now there’s a bunch of kids who maybe aren’t supervised and maybe they’re going to go outside anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, while Central Valley school districts often have to contend with poor air — Kern County has had 15 unhealthy red zone days since May — it rarely reaches the levels seen across the Bay Area this week. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the decision to cancel classes always comes down to school leaders, most of whom are facing these air quality questions for the first time. As wildfires and drifting smoke make dirty air more common in the Bay Area, education and public health officials are looking to institute clearer protocols. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, the Sonoma County Office of Education released air quality guidelines that establish an Air Quality Index of 275 as the threshold for closing schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707073\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules-800x617.png\" alt=\"Sonoma County's Office of Education released school closure guidelines for poor air quality on Tuesday, Nov. 13.\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707073\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules-800x617.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules-160x123.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules-1020x786.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/SCOE-Rules.png 1039w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sonoma County Office of Education released school closure guidelines for poor air quality on Tuesday, Nov. 13. \u003ccite>(Sonoma County Office of Education)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Erica Pan of the Alameda County Public Health Department says she’s working with other health officials in the area to help develop regional guidelines going forward. She says more important than any kind of Air Quality Index threshold for closing schools is thinking about indoor air quality. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the outdoor Air Quality Index is high, we all need to figure out how to best stay inside and have the healthiest indoor air quality,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan says she spoke with school officials on Friday about providing public health input as districts put together plans for the future. One thing schools can do immediately, she says, is assess their HVAC systems and make improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a press release put out Friday afternoon, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson assured school leaders that cancelling classes because of bad air quality would not lead them to miss out on funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to thank school districts for acting to protect educators and students, and to let them know that the California Department of Education will assist them in any way that we can,” Torlakson said in a statement. “Safety must come first for students, teachers, and staff.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "PG&E: High-Voltage Transmission Lines Not Covered by Fire Safety Shutdown Plan",
"title": "PG&E: High-Voltage Transmission Lines Not Covered by Fire Safety Shutdown Plan",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Pacific Gas and Electric Co. says its program of shutting off power in some areas during periods of high fire danger would not have applied to a major electrical transmission line located at the site where Butte County's deadly Camp Fire was first reported last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attention was drawn to the 115-kilovolt Caribou-Palermo line's possible role in the fire by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705306/pge-transmission-line-may-be-tied-to-disastrous-butte-county-fire\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a PG&E report\u003c/a> about an outage on the line at virtually the same time and place the blaze was reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire broke out early Nov. 8 after more than 24 hours of PG&E advisories that it might shut off power in some parts of its service area -- including Paradise, Magalia and several other communities in Butte County -- because of forecasts of extreme fire danger due to high winds, low humidity and critically dry vegetation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"public safety power shutoff\" advisories were canceled about nine hours after the Camp Fire started \"as weather conditions did not warrant this safety measure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, PG&E says that even if conditions had prompted it to turn off power in some areas, the Caribou-Palermo line that's been implicated in igniting the fire would not have been included in the shutdown. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because the company's shutoff program involves only lower-voltage distribution lines that carry power from the transmission system to customers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says shutting down the higher-voltage transmission lines would be a more complex process affecting customers over a wide area and requiring co-ordination with the California Independent System Operator, the agency managing the state’s power grid. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E spokeswoman Deanna Contreras said in an email that the grid agency, known as CAISO, allows utilities to shut down transmission lines during emergencies -- for instance, at the request of Cal Fire to protect crews working near lines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, in light of the potential public safety issues resulting from de-energizing higher voltage transmission lines, including the potential to impact millions of people and create larger system stability issues for the grid, PG&E has not extended the (shutoff) program to transmission lines that operate at 115kV or above,” Contreras said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PGE4Me/status/1060274425927475200\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission, which regulates PG&E, laid out guidelines earlier this year for companies considering power shutdowns during periods of extreme fire danger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules focus on how much notice utilities must give before a shutdown and require a post-shutdown report. But they give the companies sole discretion about what facilities they turn off and when -- with the caveat that regulators may review their shutdowns. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The utilities ... can de-energize any facility they deem necessary for safety -- transmission, distribution, substation etc.,\" CPUC spokeswoman Terrie Prosper said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies \"must submit a report to the CPUC within 10 business days after a de-energization event explaining their decision to shut off power, the notice that was given to customers and community representatives, the number and types of customers affected, the steps they took to restore power, and any other mitigation provided by the utility,\" Prosper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that the commission may \"may take enforcement action if a utility's actions were unreasonable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Gas and Electric began initiating power shutdowns after catastrophic fires touched off by power lines in 2003 and 2007. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, responding to a complaint from Disability Rights Advocates, which said SDG&E shutoffs violated the company's statutory obligation to provide a reliable power supply, the CPUC issued a decision requiring the company to issue advance warning of shutdowns. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of last year's Northern California fire siege, ignited in at least 16 places by PG&E power lines that failed or were knocked down during windy, bone-dry weather, the CPUC extended its decision to all of the electrical utilities in the state. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E conducted its first public safety power shutdown on the evening of Oct. 14. The outage lasted more than a day in some locations and affected a total of about 60,000 customers in Napa, Sonoma and Lake counties and four counties in the Sierra foothills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/5141906/PGE-PSPS-Report-Letter-20181031-1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">subsequent report to the CPUC\u003c/a> on the outages, the company said crews found 18 instances of wind-related damage to conductors and other equipment in areas where power had been turned off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What role power lines played in the start of the Camp Fire remains unknown. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire was first called in about 6:30 a.m. on Nov. 8 from someone at PG&E’s Poe Dam, a hydroelectric generating station on the North Fork of the Feather River. The report indicated the fire was adjacent to nearby “high-tension power lines” that could present a hazard to responding firefighters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first Cal Fire units on the scene arrived at 6:43 a.m. They identified the blazes's location, about a quarter-mile up a steep slope from the river, as underneath transmission lines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Nov. 8, after the fire had ravaged the communities of Paradise, Magalia and Concow, PG&E notified the CPUC that it had experienced on outage on the Caribou-Palermo transmission line. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company told the commission that a later visual inspection had found unspecified damage to one of the line’s transmission towers. The company’s description of the tower's location, about a mile northeast of the resort of Pulga, appears to match the site where the fire was first reported. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire investigators are still probing the cause of the blaze, which killed scores of people and destroyed an estimated 10,000 homes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Ted Goldberg contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The company says turning off lines like one that may be linked to the Camp Fire is too complex and would affect too many customers. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pacific Gas and Electric Co. says its program of shutting off power in some areas during periods of high fire danger would not have applied to a major electrical transmission line located at the site where Butte County's deadly Camp Fire was first reported last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attention was drawn to the 115-kilovolt Caribou-Palermo line's possible role in the fire by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705306/pge-transmission-line-may-be-tied-to-disastrous-butte-county-fire\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a PG&E report\u003c/a> about an outage on the line at virtually the same time and place the blaze was reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire broke out early Nov. 8 after more than 24 hours of PG&E advisories that it might shut off power in some parts of its service area -- including Paradise, Magalia and several other communities in Butte County -- because of forecasts of extreme fire danger due to high winds, low humidity and critically dry vegetation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"public safety power shutoff\" advisories were canceled about nine hours after the Camp Fire started \"as weather conditions did not warrant this safety measure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, PG&E says that even if conditions had prompted it to turn off power in some areas, the Caribou-Palermo line that's been implicated in igniting the fire would not have been included in the shutdown. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because the company's shutoff program involves only lower-voltage distribution lines that carry power from the transmission system to customers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says shutting down the higher-voltage transmission lines would be a more complex process affecting customers over a wide area and requiring co-ordination with the California Independent System Operator, the agency managing the state’s power grid. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E spokeswoman Deanna Contreras said in an email that the grid agency, known as CAISO, allows utilities to shut down transmission lines during emergencies -- for instance, at the request of Cal Fire to protect crews working near lines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, in light of the potential public safety issues resulting from de-energizing higher voltage transmission lines, including the potential to impact millions of people and create larger system stability issues for the grid, PG&E has not extended the (shutoff) program to transmission lines that operate at 115kV or above,” Contreras said. \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission, which regulates PG&E, laid out guidelines earlier this year for companies considering power shutdowns during periods of extreme fire danger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules focus on how much notice utilities must give before a shutdown and require a post-shutdown report. But they give the companies sole discretion about what facilities they turn off and when -- with the caveat that regulators may review their shutdowns. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The utilities ... can de-energize any facility they deem necessary for safety -- transmission, distribution, substation etc.,\" CPUC spokeswoman Terrie Prosper said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies \"must submit a report to the CPUC within 10 business days after a de-energization event explaining their decision to shut off power, the notice that was given to customers and community representatives, the number and types of customers affected, the steps they took to restore power, and any other mitigation provided by the utility,\" Prosper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that the commission may \"may take enforcement action if a utility's actions were unreasonable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Gas and Electric began initiating power shutdowns after catastrophic fires touched off by power lines in 2003 and 2007. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, responding to a complaint from Disability Rights Advocates, which said SDG&E shutoffs violated the company's statutory obligation to provide a reliable power supply, the CPUC issued a decision requiring the company to issue advance warning of shutdowns. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of last year's Northern California fire siege, ignited in at least 16 places by PG&E power lines that failed or were knocked down during windy, bone-dry weather, the CPUC extended its decision to all of the electrical utilities in the state. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E conducted its first public safety power shutdown on the evening of Oct. 14. The outage lasted more than a day in some locations and affected a total of about 60,000 customers in Napa, Sonoma and Lake counties and four counties in the Sierra foothills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/5141906/PGE-PSPS-Report-Letter-20181031-1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">subsequent report to the CPUC\u003c/a> on the outages, the company said crews found 18 instances of wind-related damage to conductors and other equipment in areas where power had been turned off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What role power lines played in the start of the Camp Fire remains unknown. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire was first called in about 6:30 a.m. on Nov. 8 from someone at PG&E’s Poe Dam, a hydroelectric generating station on the North Fork of the Feather River. The report indicated the fire was adjacent to nearby “high-tension power lines” that could present a hazard to responding firefighters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first Cal Fire units on the scene arrived at 6:43 a.m. They identified the blazes's location, about a quarter-mile up a steep slope from the river, as underneath transmission lines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Nov. 8, after the fire had ravaged the communities of Paradise, Magalia and Concow, PG&E notified the CPUC that it had experienced on outage on the Caribou-Palermo transmission line. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company told the commission that a later visual inspection had found unspecified damage to one of the line’s transmission towers. The company’s description of the tower's location, about a mile northeast of the resort of Pulga, appears to match the site where the fire was first reported. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire investigators are still probing the cause of the blaze, which killed scores of people and destroyed an estimated 10,000 homes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Ted Goldberg contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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