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"content": "\u003cp>Nine months after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/palisades-fire\">Palisades Fire ignited\u003c/a>, killing 12 and destroying more than 6,800 structures, authorities announced that they’ve arrested and charged 29-year-old Jonathan Rinderknecht in connection to starting the deadly blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting U.S. Attorney Bill Essayli said Rinderknecht was arrested Tuesday in Florida. He has been \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/usa-v-rinderknecht.pdf\">charged\u003c/a> with destruction of property by means of fire, which is a felony that carries a minimum sentence of five years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has been investigating since January and has determined that it was a reignition of an earlier fire. Officials said at a news conference Wednesday that Rinderknecht started that fire six days earlier while working as an Uber driver — around midnight on Jan. 1 — after dropping off a passenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 8-acre Lachman Fire didn’t spread far as L.A. city and county helicopters made water drops and hand crews cut a fire line, helping to contain the blaze before moving on to mop up. Firefighters then patrolled the burned area to extinguish smoldering stumps, logs and piles of ash, as there was a risk of reignition later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly what appears to have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1584px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059124\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1584\" height=\"892\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes.jpeg 1584w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes-1536x865.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1584px) 100vw, 1584px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This undated photo provided by the U.S. Attorney’s Office shows Jonathan Rinderknecht, a suspect in the Palisades Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy U.S. Attorney's Office )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Essayli, the fire smoldered underground until strong winds on Jan. 7 caused the fire to surface and spread, becoming one of the most destructive fires on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speculation about the case of the fire had centered on fireworks, but Essayli said that authorities have no evidence that’s the case. Rinderknecht reportedly lived in the Pacific Palisades, but had relocated to Florida since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities gave no potential motive. They projected AI images, said to have been generated by the suspect, at a news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1584px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059125\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1584\" height=\"906\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires.jpeg 1584w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires-160x92.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires-1536x879.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1584px) 100vw, 1584px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AI-generated images were displayed by federal officials when they announced the arrest of a man in connection with the Palisades Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy U.S. Attorney's Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass thanked federal and local investigators for the work that led to the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each day that families are displaced is a day too long,” Bass said, “and as we are working tirelessly to bring Angelenos home, we are also working towards closure and towards justice — and today is a step forward in that process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The backstory\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Palisades Fire sparked about 10:30 a.m. on Jan. 7, amid a massive windstorm in Southern California. By the time it was fully contained 24 days later, the fire had burned more than 23,000 acres and destroyed more than 6,800 structures and damaging 937 more. Twelve people were killed.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=news_12058885 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/ReligiousCenterFirePasadenaJewishTempleGetty-1020x671.jpg']An \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/la-county-emergency-response-after-action-reports-woolsey-palisades-eaton\">LAist review of after-action reports\u003c/a> released following the January fires and the 2018 Woolsey Fire — which killed three people and destroyed nearly 2,000 structures across L.A. and Ventura counties — found similar shortfalls in L.A. County’s emergency response. The reports offer similar recommendations for how to fix the issues too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The L.A. County Sheriff’s Department told LAist it isn’t “reasonable or appropriate” to compare the reports, a sentiment echoed by the county Fire Department, which said in a statement that “hurricane-force winds that caused a never-before-seen ember cast and house-to-house ignition, the idea that recommendations in the Woolsey After-Action Report are strikingly similar to those in the Eaton/Palisades wildfires, we disagree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the announcement of the arrest in the Palisades Fire, Bass said the Los Angeles Fire Department’s after-action report would be released soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nine months after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/palisades-fire\">Palisades Fire ignited\u003c/a>, killing 12 and destroying more than 6,800 structures, authorities announced that they’ve arrested and charged 29-year-old Jonathan Rinderknecht in connection to starting the deadly blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting U.S. Attorney Bill Essayli said Rinderknecht was arrested Tuesday in Florida. He has been \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/usa-v-rinderknecht.pdf\">charged\u003c/a> with destruction of property by means of fire, which is a felony that carries a minimum sentence of five years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has been investigating since January and has determined that it was a reignition of an earlier fire. Officials said at a news conference Wednesday that Rinderknecht started that fire six days earlier while working as an Uber driver — around midnight on Jan. 1 — after dropping off a passenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 8-acre Lachman Fire didn’t spread far as L.A. city and county helicopters made water drops and hand crews cut a fire line, helping to contain the blaze before moving on to mop up. Firefighters then patrolled the burned area to extinguish smoldering stumps, logs and piles of ash, as there was a risk of reignition later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly what appears to have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1584px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059124\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1584\" height=\"892\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes.jpeg 1584w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/Mug-shot-firtes-1536x865.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1584px) 100vw, 1584px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This undated photo provided by the U.S. Attorney’s Office shows Jonathan Rinderknecht, a suspect in the Palisades Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy U.S. Attorney's Office )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Essayli, the fire smoldered underground until strong winds on Jan. 7 caused the fire to surface and spread, becoming one of the most destructive fires on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speculation about the case of the fire had centered on fireworks, but Essayli said that authorities have no evidence that’s the case. Rinderknecht reportedly lived in the Pacific Palisades, but had relocated to Florida since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities gave no potential motive. They projected AI images, said to have been generated by the suspect, at a news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1584px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059125\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1584\" height=\"906\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires.jpeg 1584w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires-160x92.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/AI-gen-fires-1536x879.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1584px) 100vw, 1584px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AI-generated images were displayed by federal officials when they announced the arrest of a man in connection with the Palisades Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy U.S. Attorney's Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass thanked federal and local investigators for the work that led to the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each day that families are displaced is a day too long,” Bass said, “and as we are working tirelessly to bring Angelenos home, we are also working towards closure and towards justice — and today is a step forward in that process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The backstory\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Palisades Fire sparked about 10:30 a.m. on Jan. 7, amid a massive windstorm in Southern California. By the time it was fully contained 24 days later, the fire had burned more than 23,000 acres and destroyed more than 6,800 structures and damaging 937 more. Twelve people were killed.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/la-county-emergency-response-after-action-reports-woolsey-palisades-eaton\">LAist review of after-action reports\u003c/a> released following the January fires and the 2018 Woolsey Fire — which killed three people and destroyed nearly 2,000 structures across L.A. and Ventura counties — found similar shortfalls in L.A. County’s emergency response. The reports offer similar recommendations for how to fix the issues too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The L.A. County Sheriff’s Department told LAist it isn’t “reasonable or appropriate” to compare the reports, a sentiment echoed by the county Fire Department, which said in a statement that “hurricane-force winds that caused a never-before-seen ember cast and house-to-house ignition, the idea that recommendations in the Woolsey After-Action Report are strikingly similar to those in the Eaton/Palisades wildfires, we disagree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the announcement of the arrest in the Palisades Fire, Bass said the Los Angeles Fire Department’s after-action report would be released soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-struggles-with-classroom-space-for-transitional-kindergarten",
"title": "California Struggles With Classroom Space For Transitional Kindergarten",
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"headTitle": "California Struggles With Classroom Space For Transitional Kindergarten | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year. KQED and LAist are teaming up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989465/california-teacher-shortage-hinders-transitional-kindergarten-and-bilingual-education-goals\">on a series\u003c/a> examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen Thomas Pace, director of facilities at San Bernardino City Unified, thinks about all the construction that needs to happen at the schools in his district, he struggles to get the math to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the existing kindergarten classrooms don’t meet \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/fa/sf/kindergartenstandard.asp#:~:text=Kindergarten%20classroom%20size%20for%20permanent,all%20areas%20of%20the%20classroom.\">state standards\u003c/a>, and now, they’re preparing to layer in another grade for young children: transitional kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, California embarked on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/09/california-roars-back-governor-newsom-signs-historic-education-package-to-reimagine-public-schools/\">$2.7 billion plan\u003c/a> to offer TK to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year in what’s poised to be the largest free pre-K program in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But school districts across the state, like Pace’s, are struggling to build or modify the facilities most appropriate for these new young learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the rollout is expensive and hard\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified is at the tail end of using $250 million in bond money the city raised over a decade ago for school improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of the specialized space is highly expensive, and for those school districts that lack the local resources, we struggle to make those improvements on a grand scale,” Pace said. “So we were already struggling to catch up even in the kinder realm. Now, you add in a greater offering for TK, it just puts a larger burden on local school districts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989675\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989675\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-1536x1030.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mock-ups showing a planned new building and field hang on a fence in front of a construction site at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/fa/sf/title5regs.asp#:~:text=Kindergarten%20classroom%20size%20for%20permanent,all%20areas%20of%20the%20classroom.\">State requirements\u003c/a> for\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/em/kinderfaq.asp\"> new TK classrooms\u003c/a> (and kindergarten classrooms) are different than those of typical classrooms. Four-year-olds can’t just sit at desks all day. They also need space to play, indoors and outdoors. They also need supervision when going to the bathroom, which means having a restroom inside the classroom, or close by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Bernardino, 150 of the 190 early education classrooms don’t meet those standards, Pace said.[aside postID=news_11989465 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-27-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg']An initial analysis of state data by the Learning Policy Institute, yet to be published, found most districts reported having classroom space for early learners, but a third expressed concerns about adequate facilities, including square footage, bathrooms and outdoor play areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, California expanded a\u003ca href=\"https://www.dgs.ca.gov/OPSC/Services/Page-Content/Office-of-Public-School-Construction-Services-List-Folder/Access-Full-Day-Kindergarten-Facilities-Grant-Program-Funding\"> grant program\u003c/a> to help school districts build or renovate transitional kindergarten classrooms. Through two rounds of funding, the state has given out over $585 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that program requires school districts to be able to provide matching funds at the local level. And districts have asserted that the way funding is structured makes it harder for lower-resourced districts to get money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lots of classrooms that need to be modified,” Pace said. “We lack the local funding source to match, and we lack the state funding for it. So if the governor doesn’t continue to fund TK improvements to facilities, we are going to struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the governor, in his May revised budget, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/early-childhood-education-pre-k/governor-newsom-budget-revise-money-for-transitional-kindergarten-classrooms\">cut more than half a billion dollars\u003c/a> for that program. Lawmakers are weighing putting a statewide bond on the ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Department of General Services said in its last filing round, $1.04 billion worth of requests were not funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/18298913/embed?auto=1\" width=\"1000\" height=\"820\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why learning environments matter\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Children gather around on a large colorful rug in the center of a TK classroom at Will Rogers Elementary in Santa Monica. The classroom has a wooden toddler play loft, puppets and toys and tiny-sized furniture for 4-year-olds. But it’s only about 900 square feet and doesn’t have a restroom inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Space is important for young children because they learn through play, said Susan Samarge-Powell, director of early learning at Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1314\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-1536x1051.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Susan Samarge-Powell, director of Child Development Services at Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So rather than students sitting at a desk all day long, that’s not what our early learning environments are about,” she said. “It’s about moving around, they’re moving all day long. And so, having that space to afford them that ability is a big deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said restrooms are also a big deal because four-year-olds don’t have quite the same bladder control as older kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have little bodies, they have to go to the bathroom often. With the older kids, we can say, we’re going before recess. But with littles, whenever they’re ready, you have to go. So, it’s a challenge,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the other side of the elementary school, construction is underway to build new early learning classrooms that offer students an ideal environment — with their own play yard and bathrooms. District officials hope it’ll be ready by the summer of 2025, but the district won’t be finished with most of its other TK construction until 2026 or 2027, said Carey Upton, the district’s chief operations officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re playing catchup, and I think all school districts are,” Upton said. But Upton added his district, which includes Malibu, has the benefit of high-assessed property values and bond measures that tend to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works OK for school districts that have funding. It works really poorly for school districts that don’t who don’t have the money to front the costs,” Upton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should the state wait to expand TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When state lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/10/05/governor-newsom-signs-early-childhood-legislation-highlights-transformative-investments-in-early-learning/\">announced the expansion of TK in 2021\u003c/a>, officials said it would provide “high-quality learning opportunities” for every child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Sara Hinkley, a program manager for the University of California, Berkeley’s Center for Cities + Schools, said quality may vary based on ZIP code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989679\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-800x524.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-1536x1006.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The transitional kindergarten classroom’s pet hamster at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you see that as being very uneven, then the idea of TK being a way to make up the difference between kids who have access to nice, expensive preschool experiences and kids whose families can’t afford to send them to those kinds of experiences — we’ve kind of missed the entire goal of the expanded program, and that would be a shame,” Hinkley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’ll also end up seeing is that local districts that can raise money locally, that can issue voter-approved general obligation bonds to retrofit these facilities, will have better educational environments for their very young kids,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAist reached out to Assemblymember Kevin McCarty, who authored the \u003ca href=\"https://a06.asmdc.org/universal-transitional-kindergarten\">expansion of transitional kindergarten\u003c/a>. His office said he was unable to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dale Farran, professor emeritus at Vanderbilt University, said the state should wait to implement TK until schools have the appropriate spaces for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Kids] need to be up, they need to be exploring, they need to be interacting with each other and with the teacher, and they need to have an environment that facilitates all of that happening,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When bathrooms aren’t in the classroom, for instance, or their lunch is in the cafeteria with older students, it leads to more “transition” time, she explained, with kids having to line up to go to the bathroom or walk down the hall. Not only does that lead to less learning time, but it also leads to teachers having to exert more behavioral control on kids, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of just waiting. And what happens with 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds, is they get fidgety during all that wait time, right? And they may even start talking to a friend. And that leads teachers then to start what we call ‘behavior disapproval,’ Like, ‘Put a bubble in your mouth,’ or ‘I told you no talking in the hall,’” she said. “And so, children are hearing a lot more nos than they are hearing yeses. And that’s also not good for children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farran worked on a 2022 study in Tennessee that found that students who went to Tennessee’s public pre-K program had more behavior problems and lower test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If not done right, she said: “It will solidify the inequity at an earlier age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the state help besides money?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education said there are ways to make classrooms best suited for children, beyond the actual building. It’s advising local school districts on best practices — on how to arrange child-sized furniture and making classrooms appropriate for 4-year-olds. The department also has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.caeducatorstogether.org/resources/124848/developmentally-appropriate-toileting-practices-toolkit-final\">toolkit for helping kids go to the bathroom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When bathrooms aren’t inside the classroom, teachers work with aides and other support staff to ensure they take kids to the restrooms in teams and developmentally appropriate ways, said Sarah Neville-Morgan, deputy superintendent at CDE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989677\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989677\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An official holds mock-ups for future buildings currently under construction at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it goes far beyond what the school looks like now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/resource/qa/transitional-kindergarten-qa-karen-manship\">American Institutes for Research\u003c/a> found children who attended TK in California had stronger literacy and math skills when entering kindergarten than kids who didn’t attend the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neville-Morgan also pointed to touring Boston preschools, where in one case, children had to go up a floor to use the restroom because they were in an older building. “But their outcomes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2021/05/18/997501946/the-case-for-universal-pre-k-just-got-stronger\">their results\u003c/a> from the Boston public schools, universal pre-K are phenomenal,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said giving 4-year-olds access to transitional kindergarten will better set them up for success later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re investing in [universal TK] … to give more children those chances, those opportunities to later go out and have access to home ownership, to higher ed or for pathways that give them, not just a living wage, but a really good salary occupation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do districts without local funds do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified received some funding from the state grant program to help build an early learning center at the site of a high school. But that would just be for seven classrooms across a very large district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pace said the district didn’t apply for another round because they didn’t have enough local money to put up a match, which the state requires for the grants. There’s an exception for financial hardship, but that adds some limits on how money can be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989680\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Instruction books are displayed inside a transitional kindergarten classroom. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s the inequitable part about the system — if you have the money, you can turn in [the applications],” Pace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fontana Unified School District applied for more than $23 million but hasn’t received any of it and the district is in the process of putting a bond in November. Leslie Barnes, associate superintendent of business services at Fontana Unified, said the district is looking to put TK classrooms in seven schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they haven’t slowed down the TK rollout, but yet aren’t providing the funding, we need to be available to provide that on our own,” Barnes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Reising, business services administrator with Long Beach Unified and chair of the Coalition for Adequate School Housing, said districts will be forced to re-prioritize their local dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was disappointing because there’s such a demand out there for [the funding],” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether or not we are ready for them, students are coming,” Reising said. “And so, we will do what we have done for decades, which is we will make do with what we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year. KQED and LAist are teaming up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989465/california-teacher-shortage-hinders-transitional-kindergarten-and-bilingual-education-goals\">on a series\u003c/a> examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hen Thomas Pace, director of facilities at San Bernardino City Unified, thinks about all the construction that needs to happen at the schools in his district, he struggles to get the math to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the existing kindergarten classrooms don’t meet \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/fa/sf/kindergartenstandard.asp#:~:text=Kindergarten%20classroom%20size%20for%20permanent,all%20areas%20of%20the%20classroom.\">state standards\u003c/a>, and now, they’re preparing to layer in another grade for young children: transitional kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, California embarked on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/09/california-roars-back-governor-newsom-signs-historic-education-package-to-reimagine-public-schools/\">$2.7 billion plan\u003c/a> to offer TK to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year in what’s poised to be the largest free pre-K program in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But school districts across the state, like Pace’s, are struggling to build or modify the facilities most appropriate for these new young learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the rollout is expensive and hard\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified is at the tail end of using $250 million in bond money the city raised over a decade ago for school improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of the specialized space is highly expensive, and for those school districts that lack the local resources, we struggle to make those improvements on a grand scale,” Pace said. “So we were already struggling to catch up even in the kinder realm. Now, you add in a greater offering for TK, it just puts a larger burden on local school districts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989675\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989675\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-1536x1030.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mock-ups showing a planned new building and field hang on a fence in front of a construction site at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/fa/sf/title5regs.asp#:~:text=Kindergarten%20classroom%20size%20for%20permanent,all%20areas%20of%20the%20classroom.\">State requirements\u003c/a> for\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/em/kinderfaq.asp\"> new TK classrooms\u003c/a> (and kindergarten classrooms) are different than those of typical classrooms. Four-year-olds can’t just sit at desks all day. They also need space to play, indoors and outdoors. They also need supervision when going to the bathroom, which means having a restroom inside the classroom, or close by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Bernardino, 150 of the 190 early education classrooms don’t meet those standards, Pace said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>An initial analysis of state data by the Learning Policy Institute, yet to be published, found most districts reported having classroom space for early learners, but a third expressed concerns about adequate facilities, including square footage, bathrooms and outdoor play areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, California expanded a\u003ca href=\"https://www.dgs.ca.gov/OPSC/Services/Page-Content/Office-of-Public-School-Construction-Services-List-Folder/Access-Full-Day-Kindergarten-Facilities-Grant-Program-Funding\"> grant program\u003c/a> to help school districts build or renovate transitional kindergarten classrooms. Through two rounds of funding, the state has given out over $585 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that program requires school districts to be able to provide matching funds at the local level. And districts have asserted that the way funding is structured makes it harder for lower-resourced districts to get money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lots of classrooms that need to be modified,” Pace said. “We lack the local funding source to match, and we lack the state funding for it. So if the governor doesn’t continue to fund TK improvements to facilities, we are going to struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the governor, in his May revised budget, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/early-childhood-education-pre-k/governor-newsom-budget-revise-money-for-transitional-kindergarten-classrooms\">cut more than half a billion dollars\u003c/a> for that program. Lawmakers are weighing putting a statewide bond on the ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Department of General Services said in its last filing round, $1.04 billion worth of requests were not funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/18298913/embed?auto=1\" width=\"1000\" height=\"820\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why learning environments matter\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Children gather around on a large colorful rug in the center of a TK classroom at Will Rogers Elementary in Santa Monica. The classroom has a wooden toddler play loft, puppets and toys and tiny-sized furniture for 4-year-olds. But it’s only about 900 square feet and doesn’t have a restroom inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Space is important for young children because they learn through play, said Susan Samarge-Powell, director of early learning at Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1314\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-1536x1051.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Susan Samarge-Powell, director of Child Development Services at Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So rather than students sitting at a desk all day long, that’s not what our early learning environments are about,” she said. “It’s about moving around, they’re moving all day long. And so, having that space to afford them that ability is a big deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said restrooms are also a big deal because four-year-olds don’t have quite the same bladder control as older kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have little bodies, they have to go to the bathroom often. With the older kids, we can say, we’re going before recess. But with littles, whenever they’re ready, you have to go. So, it’s a challenge,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the other side of the elementary school, construction is underway to build new early learning classrooms that offer students an ideal environment — with their own play yard and bathrooms. District officials hope it’ll be ready by the summer of 2025, but the district won’t be finished with most of its other TK construction until 2026 or 2027, said Carey Upton, the district’s chief operations officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re playing catchup, and I think all school districts are,” Upton said. But Upton added his district, which includes Malibu, has the benefit of high-assessed property values and bond measures that tend to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works OK for school districts that have funding. It works really poorly for school districts that don’t who don’t have the money to front the costs,” Upton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should the state wait to expand TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When state lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/10/05/governor-newsom-signs-early-childhood-legislation-highlights-transformative-investments-in-early-learning/\">announced the expansion of TK in 2021\u003c/a>, officials said it would provide “high-quality learning opportunities” for every child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Sara Hinkley, a program manager for the University of California, Berkeley’s Center for Cities + Schools, said quality may vary based on ZIP code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989679\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-800x524.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-1536x1006.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The transitional kindergarten classroom’s pet hamster at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you see that as being very uneven, then the idea of TK being a way to make up the difference between kids who have access to nice, expensive preschool experiences and kids whose families can’t afford to send them to those kinds of experiences — we’ve kind of missed the entire goal of the expanded program, and that would be a shame,” Hinkley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’ll also end up seeing is that local districts that can raise money locally, that can issue voter-approved general obligation bonds to retrofit these facilities, will have better educational environments for their very young kids,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAist reached out to Assemblymember Kevin McCarty, who authored the \u003ca href=\"https://a06.asmdc.org/universal-transitional-kindergarten\">expansion of transitional kindergarten\u003c/a>. His office said he was unable to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dale Farran, professor emeritus at Vanderbilt University, said the state should wait to implement TK until schools have the appropriate spaces for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Kids] need to be up, they need to be exploring, they need to be interacting with each other and with the teacher, and they need to have an environment that facilitates all of that happening,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When bathrooms aren’t in the classroom, for instance, or their lunch is in the cafeteria with older students, it leads to more “transition” time, she explained, with kids having to line up to go to the bathroom or walk down the hall. Not only does that lead to less learning time, but it also leads to teachers having to exert more behavioral control on kids, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of just waiting. And what happens with 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds, is they get fidgety during all that wait time, right? And they may even start talking to a friend. And that leads teachers then to start what we call ‘behavior disapproval,’ Like, ‘Put a bubble in your mouth,’ or ‘I told you no talking in the hall,’” she said. “And so, children are hearing a lot more nos than they are hearing yeses. And that’s also not good for children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farran worked on a 2022 study in Tennessee that found that students who went to Tennessee’s public pre-K program had more behavior problems and lower test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If not done right, she said: “It will solidify the inequity at an earlier age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the state help besides money?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education said there are ways to make classrooms best suited for children, beyond the actual building. It’s advising local school districts on best practices — on how to arrange child-sized furniture and making classrooms appropriate for 4-year-olds. The department also has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.caeducatorstogether.org/resources/124848/developmentally-appropriate-toileting-practices-toolkit-final\">toolkit for helping kids go to the bathroom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When bathrooms aren’t inside the classroom, teachers work with aides and other support staff to ensure they take kids to the restrooms in teams and developmentally appropriate ways, said Sarah Neville-Morgan, deputy superintendent at CDE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989677\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989677\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An official holds mock-ups for future buildings currently under construction at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it goes far beyond what the school looks like now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/resource/qa/transitional-kindergarten-qa-karen-manship\">American Institutes for Research\u003c/a> found children who attended TK in California had stronger literacy and math skills when entering kindergarten than kids who didn’t attend the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neville-Morgan also pointed to touring Boston preschools, where in one case, children had to go up a floor to use the restroom because they were in an older building. “But their outcomes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2021/05/18/997501946/the-case-for-universal-pre-k-just-got-stronger\">their results\u003c/a> from the Boston public schools, universal pre-K are phenomenal,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said giving 4-year-olds access to transitional kindergarten will better set them up for success later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re investing in [universal TK] … to give more children those chances, those opportunities to later go out and have access to home ownership, to higher ed or for pathways that give them, not just a living wage, but a really good salary occupation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do districts without local funds do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified received some funding from the state grant program to help build an early learning center at the site of a high school. But that would just be for seven classrooms across a very large district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pace said the district didn’t apply for another round because they didn’t have enough local money to put up a match, which the state requires for the grants. There’s an exception for financial hardship, but that adds some limits on how money can be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989680\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Instruction books are displayed inside a transitional kindergarten classroom. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s the inequitable part about the system — if you have the money, you can turn in [the applications],” Pace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fontana Unified School District applied for more than $23 million but hasn’t received any of it and the district is in the process of putting a bond in November. Leslie Barnes, associate superintendent of business services at Fontana Unified, said the district is looking to put TK classrooms in seven schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they haven’t slowed down the TK rollout, but yet aren’t providing the funding, we need to be available to provide that on our own,” Barnes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Reising, business services administrator with Long Beach Unified and chair of the Coalition for Adequate School Housing, said districts will be forced to re-prioritize their local dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was disappointing because there’s such a demand out there for [the funding],” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether or not we are ready for them, students are coming,” Reising said. “And so, we will do what we have done for decades, which is we will make do with what we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "i-told-the-story-of-a-forgotten-chicano-revolutionary-in-a-podcast-turns-out-it-was-my-story-too",
"title": "I Told the Story of a Forgotten Chicano Revolutionary in a Podcast. Turns Out It Was My Story, Too",
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"headTitle": "I Told the Story of a Forgotten Chicano Revolutionary in a Podcast. Turns Out It Was My Story, Too | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> teamed up with LAist Studios to share an episode from the new season of their podcast “\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1604648881\">Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary\u003c/a>.” It’s the story of Oscar Gomez, a radio DJ and Chicano student leader during a time of explosive anti-immigrant political rhetoric in the early 1990s. Some people thought Gomez was going to be the next Cesar Chavez. But then he died near the UC Santa Barbara campus, under mysterious circumstances. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KPCC reporter \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/people/adolfo-guzman-lopez\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez\u003c/a> first started digging into Gomez’s life and death back in 2019, when UC Davis awarded Gomez a posthumous degree. The new podcast investigates Gomez’s death and delves into his legacy — and reporting it prompted Guzman-Lopez to examine his own life, activism and journalism. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n September of 2021, I and a team of producers set out to find answers to the mysterious death of a 1990s Chicano college activist and college radio DJ. Over the next 10 months, as we interviewed people and looked for documents, I came to the realization that three-decade-old activism fundamentally shaped my three-decade-long journalism career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s certainly not what I expected to find when I first introduced our audience to Oscar Gomez in 2019. Oscar was a scholar-athlete at Baldwin Park High School who graduated in the spring of 1990, then enrolled at UC Davis that fall. In that same year California was entering a red-hot political climate driven by a backlash against increased immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 17, 1994, four years after Oscar’s freshman year, he was found dead on a Santa Barbara beach, apparently after a fall from a bluff near the UC Santa Barbara campus. My story \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/25-years-after-his-tragic-death-oscar-gomez-gets-his-college-degree\">detailed how he was awarded a posthumous degree\u003c/a> by UC Davis 25 years after his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval, professor of Chicana and Chicano studies, UCSB\"]‘I don’t think we’re at where we’re at today without these sacrifices and activism of the folks in the ’90s.’[/pullquote]I could have left the story there. I could have moved on. And I was about to move on. But the people I interviewed, Oscar’s activist friends, recounted stories of how Chicano college students resisted and reacted to the state’s politics, sometimes putting their own lives on the line, and that dislodged my own memories of my own activism in those years. In the past 30 years I’ve rarely talked publicly about how I was part of the early ’90s Chicano student movement, leading a student newspaper, producing a campus public affairs show and attending protests in California, some of the same protests that Oscar attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those personal connections led me to dig deeper. I spent months searching for documents and engaging in a deep process of thinking about how the activist and journalism work I did back then affects me today. I similarly dug deep into Oscar’s college activism and found overlaps between Oscar’s work and mine. The results are in the eight-episode LAist Studios podcast “\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/imperfectparadise\">Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Time traveling back to the early ’90s\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Doing this work has made me feel like I’ve been living in the years 1990-1994. Judith Segura-Mora was one of the people who triggered a waterfall of memories. She was the UC Davis student who recruited Oscar to a Chicano student organization on campus in 1990. We put two and two together and I recalled having seen her speak at the National Chicano Student Conference in Albuquerque in 1992. I paid my way there to write a story for Voz Fronteriza, the Chicano newspaper at UC San Diego. It was the first out-of-town reporting assignment in my fledgling reporting career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked to Judith at a reception for the Gomez family a day before Oscar’s degree ceremony. She introduced me to Eddie Salas, who was DJing at the reception. He helped on Oscar’s Chicano public affairs radio show, “\u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/user-532477086\">La Onda Xicana\u003c/a>” (also known as “La Onda Chicana”), and had many late-night conversations with Oscar about a variety of musicians. Hearing Eddie’s stories about “La Onda Chicana” took me back to my own public affairs college radio show, “Radio Califas.” My show sparked an interest in the new rock bands coming out of Mexico and Latin America, an interest that would lead me to write music and concert reviews for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1172px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11919735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station.jpg\" alt=\"young man behind a DJ booth wearing a leather jacket and glasses smiles into the camera as a record sits on a turntable in the foreground\" width=\"1172\" height=\"922\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station.jpg 1172w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-800x629.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-1020x802.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-160x126.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1172px) 100vw, 1172px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez producing ‘Radio Califas’ at UCSD’s station, KSDT. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Adolfo Guzman-Lopez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I found a box of cassettes of my show. I was surprised at the list of interviews: the film director Robert Rodriguez talking about his first film, the LA poet Marisela Norte, the renowned Chicana journalist Elizabeth Martínez, ethnic studies scholar George Lipsitz guest-DJing while he talked about 1960s and ’70s music. And I remembered that I convinced UC San Diego ethnic studies professor Jorge Mariscal to give me and the other students working on the show academic credit for our efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class was Lit/Writing 121 Reportage. Its four units and the A grade I earned raised my grade-point average enough to allow me to graduate from UC San Diego in 1993. Looking at the diversity of Latino arts, culture and politics on the show, I’d say our Radio Califas production team delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the podcast production team and I tried to find out what happened to Oscar for “Forgotten Revolutionary,” we heard many more stories of 1990s activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nValentino Gutierrez, now a high school teacher in Pico Rivera, told us of going on hunger strike to expand Chicano studies while he was an undergrad at UC Santa Barbara. Margarita Berta-Avila, a fellow student and friend of Oscar’s at UC Davis, told us how strongly she felt about the Chicano movement despite not being Mexican American (her parents are from El Salvador and Peru). Other friends of Oscar’s, like Sabrina Enrique, talked of the sexism of the 1990s movement that I believed then was a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The emotional toll of activism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I heard former activists, including Judith, talk about the emotional toll so much activism took on her and her fellow student activists. She said her grades and mental health suffered. Mining my own feelings and looking at my academic transcript, I remembered how mine did, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we’re at where we’re at today without these sacrifices and activism of the folks in the ’90s,” said Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval, a professor of Chicana and Chicano studies at UCSB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t feel like they’ve always been properly recognized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activism of 1990s college students survives in memories and on mostly analog platforms. These students’ newspapers, film print photographs and cassette audio recordings remain in dusty boxes in attics and garages, and in some university archives, if they’ve survived at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that contributes, Ambruster-Sandoval said, to 1990s Chicano student activism being a “lost period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11919727\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira.jpg\" alt=\"aerial black and white photo of young activists holding signs reading 'Columbus had no green card' and 'Chicano power' and 'brown is beautiful'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Activists hold signs at an anti-Columbus protest on Oct. 10, 1992, in San Ysidro. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Gene Chavira)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For about 25 years, that’s what the early 1990s college activist experience felt like to me. Every time I take out copies of the UC San Diego newspaper, Voz Fronteriza, that contain my writings, the pages seem to be more yellow and more brittle. I have cassette copies of my radio shows that need to be digitized before time erases their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I began a mainstream journalism career in the late 1990s, I heard people in my first newsroom say journalism that came out of activism and even ethnic journalism fell into the category of “advocacy journalism.” There is some truth to that. But the comments left a chilling effect that led me to put away my college journalism experiences and lock them up in favor of a traditional “objective” approach. I was at the very beginning of a paid journalism career and I didn’t want another target on my back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to tell Oscar’s story for the podcast, I had to tell my own story as a 1990s activist because he and I moved in some of the same activist circles and attended some of the same marches, including the protest in downtown Santa Barbara to support Chicano Studies Professor Rudy Acuña on Feb. 1, 1992. Acuña had been turned down for a faculty position in Chicano studies at UC Santa Barbara the year before and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-26-me-1047-story.html\">would sue the university\u003c/a>, alleging bias against him for his activism, race and age. Acuña’s 1972 book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/occupied-america-history-of-chicanos\">Occupied America: A History of Chicanos\u003c/a>,” and subsequent scholarship led many to consider him a founder of Chicano studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where I met Oscar and talked to him briefly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s red-hot politics brought Oscar, me and thousands of other students to those Santa Barbara streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11919724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz.jpg\" alt=\"black and white photo of smiling students holding large banner reading 'voz fronteriza'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez (second from right, in vest) and other San Diego college students who collaborated on the UC San Diego Chicano student newspaper, Voz Fronteriza, attend a rally in Santa Barbara on Feb. 1, 1992. The tall man in the center is Arnulfo Casillas, a Chicano education and cultural activist in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara who had worked on Voz Fronteriza in the late 1970s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Gene Chavira)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state’s institutions were being stretched to the limit after large numbers of people immigrated to the U.S. in the late 1980s to escape \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/latin-american-debt-crisis#:~:text=The%20spark%20for%20the%20crisis,at%20that%20point%20totaled%20%2480\">economic crisis in Mexico\u003c/a> and violent civil wars in Central America, both situations stoked by U.S. policies. Anti-immigrant groups responded with nativist proposals to take away the civil rights of immigrants. They successfully proposed ballot measures like \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/proposition-187-what-you-need-to-know\">Proposition 187\u003c/a> that targeted undocumented immigrants and their kids. (A federal judge ruled in 1997 that \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-15-mn-54053-story.html\">Prop. 187 was unconstitutional\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those anti-immigrant sentiments led me, Oscar and many other Chicano students to feel like we each had a target on our backs. And that environment spilled onto campuses, too, as Agustín Orozco, my friend from UC San Diego, describes\u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/commentary/story/2022-07-07/opinion-agustin-orozco-activism?fbclid=IwAR1kOhMJRMLU5L0uLSdABE1qxNyIxZJLDV4d1B5wltj8F6De93gQORvBZwM\"> in this essay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Our shared, yet different, backgrounds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oscar and I were both Chicanos but different in many ways. He was a middle-class U.S. citizen raised in the suburbs of LA County. My mother cleaned houses for a living. She and I moved to San Diego when I was 7 years old. We overstayed our tourist visas and only received the authorization to stay permanently about a decade later, when the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, most often described as amnesty, became law in my senior year of high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oscar responded to the xenophobia by joining the Chicano student organization on campus, then producing a weekly college radio show that mixed various types of music with in-studio interviews and field recordings from protests and marches he attended in different parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before this podcast, my identity as a Chicano felt stuck in the 1990s. But I’ve adopted a fuller understanding of what Chicano, Chicana, Chicanx, Latino and Latinx activism has led to. I now see how the student activism of the 1990s helped lead to the intersectional coalition building of current times, and the exploration of Indigenous philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more that we could find out about these people and what they went through and, you know, even in this case, how they passed away or were killed, you know, the more we can share truth with people,” said Israel Calderon, a history teacher at Oscar’s alma mater, Baldwin Park High School, and a childhood friend of Oscar.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Liberate your mind’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the reasons Calderon and some of \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/luchascholar/\">Oscar’s friends and relatives created a foundation in Oscar’s name\u003c/a> to raise money and hand out scholarships to Baldwin Park area high school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re more interested in promoting Oscar’s message to “liberate your mind” and help those who need help than they are to mythologize Oscar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919737\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11919737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a young man in a white shirt and black cap crouches on an empty roadway\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching-160x112.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Gomez in an undated photo, circa 1992. \u003ccite>(Courtesy KCSB)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A story that aired last year on NPR reminded me to keep my reporting focused on the human experience. It was a story about then-NPR host Lulu Garcia-Navarro leaving the network. The reporter described how Garcia-Navarro had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/publiceditor/2006/06/05/5452082/are-npr-reporters-too-involved-in-their-stories\">defended her deeply personal interviewing and reporting approaches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As journalists we do not check our humanity at the door. What we must do is try and give an accurate representation of what is happening before us to the best of our ability, leaving aside our prejudices,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How and whether I compartmentalize my humanity in the work I do is a question this podcast has raised for me and for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Am I doing what we had set out to? Have I compromised?” said Margarita Berta-Avila, who’s now a leader with the California Faculty Association, the union for California State University professors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said thinking of Oscar, 28 years after his death, has been an opportunity to check her ideals from her college years and ask whether she’s become jaded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have spent 21 years telling people’s stories at Southern California Public Radio. I have, to the best of my ability, tried to tell stories about people living deep moments in their lives, and of policies that would affect people in one way or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel like I’ve kept a part of my humanity checked at the door at times, fearing that some kind of bias would creep in. There is no bias in connecting deeply with human experiences and letting my own humanity live in that moment, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that insight, I have El Bandido de Aztlan, Oscar Gomez, to thank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Reporter Adolfo Guzman-Lopez first started digging into Oscar Gomez's life and death back in 2019, when UC Davis awarded Gomez a posthumous degree. Guzman-Lopez's reporting for the LAist podcast 'Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary' prompted him to examine his own life, activism and journalism.",
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"title": "I Told the Story of a Forgotten Chicano Revolutionary in a Podcast. Turns Out It Was My Story, Too | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> teamed up with LAist Studios to share an episode from the new season of their podcast “\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1604648881\">Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary\u003c/a>.” It’s the story of Oscar Gomez, a radio DJ and Chicano student leader during a time of explosive anti-immigrant political rhetoric in the early 1990s. Some people thought Gomez was going to be the next Cesar Chavez. But then he died near the UC Santa Barbara campus, under mysterious circumstances. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KPCC reporter \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/people/adolfo-guzman-lopez\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez\u003c/a> first started digging into Gomez’s life and death back in 2019, when UC Davis awarded Gomez a posthumous degree. The new podcast investigates Gomez’s death and delves into his legacy — and reporting it prompted Guzman-Lopez to examine his own life, activism and journalism. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n September of 2021, I and a team of producers set out to find answers to the mysterious death of a 1990s Chicano college activist and college radio DJ. Over the next 10 months, as we interviewed people and looked for documents, I came to the realization that three-decade-old activism fundamentally shaped my three-decade-long journalism career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s certainly not what I expected to find when I first introduced our audience to Oscar Gomez in 2019. Oscar was a scholar-athlete at Baldwin Park High School who graduated in the spring of 1990, then enrolled at UC Davis that fall. In that same year California was entering a red-hot political climate driven by a backlash against increased immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 17, 1994, four years after Oscar’s freshman year, he was found dead on a Santa Barbara beach, apparently after a fall from a bluff near the UC Santa Barbara campus. My story \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/25-years-after-his-tragic-death-oscar-gomez-gets-his-college-degree\">detailed how he was awarded a posthumous degree\u003c/a> by UC Davis 25 years after his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I could have left the story there. I could have moved on. And I was about to move on. But the people I interviewed, Oscar’s activist friends, recounted stories of how Chicano college students resisted and reacted to the state’s politics, sometimes putting their own lives on the line, and that dislodged my own memories of my own activism in those years. In the past 30 years I’ve rarely talked publicly about how I was part of the early ’90s Chicano student movement, leading a student newspaper, producing a campus public affairs show and attending protests in California, some of the same protests that Oscar attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those personal connections led me to dig deeper. I spent months searching for documents and engaging in a deep process of thinking about how the activist and journalism work I did back then affects me today. I similarly dug deep into Oscar’s college activism and found overlaps between Oscar’s work and mine. The results are in the eight-episode LAist Studios podcast “\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/imperfectparadise\">Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Time traveling back to the early ’90s\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Doing this work has made me feel like I’ve been living in the years 1990-1994. Judith Segura-Mora was one of the people who triggered a waterfall of memories. She was the UC Davis student who recruited Oscar to a Chicano student organization on campus in 1990. We put two and two together and I recalled having seen her speak at the National Chicano Student Conference in Albuquerque in 1992. I paid my way there to write a story for Voz Fronteriza, the Chicano newspaper at UC San Diego. It was the first out-of-town reporting assignment in my fledgling reporting career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked to Judith at a reception for the Gomez family a day before Oscar’s degree ceremony. She introduced me to Eddie Salas, who was DJing at the reception. He helped on Oscar’s Chicano public affairs radio show, “\u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/user-532477086\">La Onda Xicana\u003c/a>” (also known as “La Onda Chicana”), and had many late-night conversations with Oscar about a variety of musicians. Hearing Eddie’s stories about “La Onda Chicana” took me back to my own public affairs college radio show, “Radio Califas.” My show sparked an interest in the new rock bands coming out of Mexico and Latin America, an interest that would lead me to write music and concert reviews for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1172px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11919735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station.jpg\" alt=\"young man behind a DJ booth wearing a leather jacket and glasses smiles into the camera as a record sits on a turntable in the foreground\" width=\"1172\" height=\"922\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station.jpg 1172w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-800x629.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-1020x802.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-160x126.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1172px) 100vw, 1172px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez producing ‘Radio Califas’ at UCSD’s station, KSDT. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Adolfo Guzman-Lopez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I found a box of cassettes of my show. I was surprised at the list of interviews: the film director Robert Rodriguez talking about his first film, the LA poet Marisela Norte, the renowned Chicana journalist Elizabeth Martínez, ethnic studies scholar George Lipsitz guest-DJing while he talked about 1960s and ’70s music. And I remembered that I convinced UC San Diego ethnic studies professor Jorge Mariscal to give me and the other students working on the show academic credit for our efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class was Lit/Writing 121 Reportage. Its four units and the A grade I earned raised my grade-point average enough to allow me to graduate from UC San Diego in 1993. Looking at the diversity of Latino arts, culture and politics on the show, I’d say our Radio Califas production team delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the podcast production team and I tried to find out what happened to Oscar for “Forgotten Revolutionary,” we heard many more stories of 1990s activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nValentino Gutierrez, now a high school teacher in Pico Rivera, told us of going on hunger strike to expand Chicano studies while he was an undergrad at UC Santa Barbara. Margarita Berta-Avila, a fellow student and friend of Oscar’s at UC Davis, told us how strongly she felt about the Chicano movement despite not being Mexican American (her parents are from El Salvador and Peru). Other friends of Oscar’s, like Sabrina Enrique, talked of the sexism of the 1990s movement that I believed then was a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The emotional toll of activism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I heard former activists, including Judith, talk about the emotional toll so much activism took on her and her fellow student activists. She said her grades and mental health suffered. Mining my own feelings and looking at my academic transcript, I remembered how mine did, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we’re at where we’re at today without these sacrifices and activism of the folks in the ’90s,” said Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval, a professor of Chicana and Chicano studies at UCSB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t feel like they’ve always been properly recognized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activism of 1990s college students survives in memories and on mostly analog platforms. These students’ newspapers, film print photographs and cassette audio recordings remain in dusty boxes in attics and garages, and in some university archives, if they’ve survived at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that contributes, Ambruster-Sandoval said, to 1990s Chicano student activism being a “lost period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11919727\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira.jpg\" alt=\"aerial black and white photo of young activists holding signs reading 'Columbus had no green card' and 'Chicano power' and 'brown is beautiful'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Activists hold signs at an anti-Columbus protest on Oct. 10, 1992, in San Ysidro. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Gene Chavira)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For about 25 years, that’s what the early 1990s college activist experience felt like to me. Every time I take out copies of the UC San Diego newspaper, Voz Fronteriza, that contain my writings, the pages seem to be more yellow and more brittle. I have cassette copies of my radio shows that need to be digitized before time erases their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I began a mainstream journalism career in the late 1990s, I heard people in my first newsroom say journalism that came out of activism and even ethnic journalism fell into the category of “advocacy journalism.” There is some truth to that. But the comments left a chilling effect that led me to put away my college journalism experiences and lock them up in favor of a traditional “objective” approach. I was at the very beginning of a paid journalism career and I didn’t want another target on my back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to tell Oscar’s story for the podcast, I had to tell my own story as a 1990s activist because he and I moved in some of the same activist circles and attended some of the same marches, including the protest in downtown Santa Barbara to support Chicano Studies Professor Rudy Acuña on Feb. 1, 1992. Acuña had been turned down for a faculty position in Chicano studies at UC Santa Barbara the year before and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-26-me-1047-story.html\">would sue the university\u003c/a>, alleging bias against him for his activism, race and age. Acuña’s 1972 book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/occupied-america-history-of-chicanos\">Occupied America: A History of Chicanos\u003c/a>,” and subsequent scholarship led many to consider him a founder of Chicano studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where I met Oscar and talked to him briefly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s red-hot politics brought Oscar, me and thousands of other students to those Santa Barbara streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11919724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz.jpg\" alt=\"black and white photo of smiling students holding large banner reading 'voz fronteriza'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez (second from right, in vest) and other San Diego college students who collaborated on the UC San Diego Chicano student newspaper, Voz Fronteriza, attend a rally in Santa Barbara on Feb. 1, 1992. The tall man in the center is Arnulfo Casillas, a Chicano education and cultural activist in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara who had worked on Voz Fronteriza in the late 1970s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Gene Chavira)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state’s institutions were being stretched to the limit after large numbers of people immigrated to the U.S. in the late 1980s to escape \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/latin-american-debt-crisis#:~:text=The%20spark%20for%20the%20crisis,at%20that%20point%20totaled%20%2480\">economic crisis in Mexico\u003c/a> and violent civil wars in Central America, both situations stoked by U.S. policies. Anti-immigrant groups responded with nativist proposals to take away the civil rights of immigrants. They successfully proposed ballot measures like \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/proposition-187-what-you-need-to-know\">Proposition 187\u003c/a> that targeted undocumented immigrants and their kids. (A federal judge ruled in 1997 that \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-15-mn-54053-story.html\">Prop. 187 was unconstitutional\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those anti-immigrant sentiments led me, Oscar and many other Chicano students to feel like we each had a target on our backs. And that environment spilled onto campuses, too, as Agustín Orozco, my friend from UC San Diego, describes\u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/commentary/story/2022-07-07/opinion-agustin-orozco-activism?fbclid=IwAR1kOhMJRMLU5L0uLSdABE1qxNyIxZJLDV4d1B5wltj8F6De93gQORvBZwM\"> in this essay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Our shared, yet different, backgrounds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oscar and I were both Chicanos but different in many ways. He was a middle-class U.S. citizen raised in the suburbs of LA County. My mother cleaned houses for a living. She and I moved to San Diego when I was 7 years old. We overstayed our tourist visas and only received the authorization to stay permanently about a decade later, when the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, most often described as amnesty, became law in my senior year of high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oscar responded to the xenophobia by joining the Chicano student organization on campus, then producing a weekly college radio show that mixed various types of music with in-studio interviews and field recordings from protests and marches he attended in different parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before this podcast, my identity as a Chicano felt stuck in the 1990s. But I’ve adopted a fuller understanding of what Chicano, Chicana, Chicanx, Latino and Latinx activism has led to. I now see how the student activism of the 1990s helped lead to the intersectional coalition building of current times, and the exploration of Indigenous philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more that we could find out about these people and what they went through and, you know, even in this case, how they passed away or were killed, you know, the more we can share truth with people,” said Israel Calderon, a history teacher at Oscar’s alma mater, Baldwin Park High School, and a childhood friend of Oscar.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Liberate your mind’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the reasons Calderon and some of \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/luchascholar/\">Oscar’s friends and relatives created a foundation in Oscar’s name\u003c/a> to raise money and hand out scholarships to Baldwin Park area high school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re more interested in promoting Oscar’s message to “liberate your mind” and help those who need help than they are to mythologize Oscar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919737\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11919737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a young man in a white shirt and black cap crouches on an empty roadway\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching-160x112.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Gomez in an undated photo, circa 1992. \u003ccite>(Courtesy KCSB)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A story that aired last year on NPR reminded me to keep my reporting focused on the human experience. It was a story about then-NPR host Lulu Garcia-Navarro leaving the network. The reporter described how Garcia-Navarro had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/publiceditor/2006/06/05/5452082/are-npr-reporters-too-involved-in-their-stories\">defended her deeply personal interviewing and reporting approaches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As journalists we do not check our humanity at the door. What we must do is try and give an accurate representation of what is happening before us to the best of our ability, leaving aside our prejudices,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How and whether I compartmentalize my humanity in the work I do is a question this podcast has raised for me and for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Am I doing what we had set out to? Have I compromised?” said Margarita Berta-Avila, who’s now a leader with the California Faculty Association, the union for California State University professors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said thinking of Oscar, 28 years after his death, has been an opportunity to check her ideals from her college years and ask whether she’s become jaded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have spent 21 years telling people’s stories at Southern California Public Radio. I have, to the best of my ability, tried to tell stories about people living deep moments in their lives, and of policies that would affect people in one way or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel like I’ve kept a part of my humanity checked at the door at times, fearing that some kind of bias would creep in. There is no bias in connecting deeply with human experiences and letting my own humanity live in that moment, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that insight, I have El Bandido de Aztlan, Oscar Gomez, to thank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "‘Imperfect Paradise’: When Neighbors Shout Down an Apartment Complex for Unhoused People | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This week’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/\">California Report Magazine\u003c/a> features a conversation with KPCC reporter Jill Replogle, whose three-part series “Home Is Life” is the opening season of the new LAist podcast \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/imperfectparadise\">Imperfect Paradise\u003c/a>. We hear excerpts from Episode 2, which explores the \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/fullerton-homelessness-nimby-supportive-housing-imperfect-paradise\">battle in Fullerton over an effort to build a new apartment complex\u003c/a> to get unhoused people off the street.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to get unhoused people into stable housing is a question cities across California are grappling with. But the problem isn’t always finding land or money to build permanent supportive housing — often, it’s the neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Gillanders runs an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.pohoc.org/staff/\">Pathways of Hope\u003c/a>, which works to end homelessness and hunger in Orange County. He was frustrated with the limits of services for unhoused people, which tend to go not much beyond things like church soup kitchens and clothing drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11905657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11905657\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Gillanders, executive director of Pathways of Hope, at the proposed site of an apartment complex for chronically unhoused people in Fullerton. \u003ccite>(Jill Replogle / KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Yes, handing out toys to families matters. Yes, everyone’s got to eat,” Gillanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it’s literally homelessness. It’s not souplessness, you know what I mean? It’s not clotheslessness. It’s not showerlessness. It’s homelessness. Demonstrate for me how homelessness is ended with anything other than a set of keys, a lease and a place to call home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11905658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11905658\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curtis Gamble in his studio apartment in downtown Fullerton. Gamble was homeless in Fullerton for eight years. He was able to rent the apartment with the money he got from a settlement with the city of Fullerton over the city’s failure to zone for homeless shelters. \u003ccite>(Kyle Grillot/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gillanders led an initiative to build an apartment building in Fullerton to house 60 to 80 people who are chronically unhoused and have a disability, which could include mental illness or a substance abuse disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to get it approved, the Fullerton City Council told Gillanders he’d have to convince the neighbors. But that proved harder than he thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We spent a lot of money to buy homes and to get our kids to school and, you know, just to live the American dream,” said neighbor Stephanie Bromley. “We feel like our safety and our well-being is being compromised and no one’s thinking about us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bromley ran a Facebook group that became a forum for complaints about people experiencing homelessness in the neighborhood. Bromley said she felt compassion for unhoused people, handing out McDonald’s gift cards to people she encounters around town asking for money. But she didn’t support the idea of formerly unhoused people living in an apartment building in her neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned that we’re going to attract people from other cities and then they’re going to become our responsibility,” Bromley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Fullerton residents express more vicious takes on their unhoused neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Reese generated a local following in Fullerton by \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIAEfZIjiPmYnq9ZFHdtqzA\">posting videos of her “interviewing” people\u003c/a> she presumes to be unhoused. Some videos feature her asking her subjects if they want help and then berating them if they refuse or waver. Others feature her disparaging commentaries, as she films unhoused people from a distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Imperfect Paradise podcast follows Reese and a group of neighbors as they tour other permanent supportive housing for chronically unhoused people in Orange County. Fullerton City Council members and proponents of the Pathways project suggested it might be illuminating for residents to see some existing developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='homelessness']But the tour seemed to backfire. Fullerton neighbors got particularly upset when the tour stopped at an apartment complex in the city of Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know permanent supportive housing is what experts say is the best way to keep people off the street,” said Bromley. “But it bothers me that our taxpayer dollars are paying for these people to live with amenities like a pool, stainless steel appliances, granite countertops, walk-in closets, movie night, etcetera. And they never have to work. You know, it makes me wonder why I work so hard, you know, and tell my kids they need to go to school and do well for themselves and everybody getting all these things for free. It’s frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, tenants do pay rent: 30% of their income, which could come from employment or disability insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that information didn’t convince the Fullerton neighbors skeptical of the Pathways project. When the tour stopped at another permanent supportive housing project, the Rockwood apartments in Anaheim, Reese jumped in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can I get this kind of assistance and not have to work?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re homeless, if you go live on the street for a year, stop working, then you would qualify,” responded Danielle Ball, whose job is to help tenants at Rockwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you went out and if you decided you don’t want your house, you don’t want your car. You don’t want any single asset that you own and sell everything and go out on the street and lose it all … [and] after being on the street, most likely you will get a mental health diagnosis because it’s pretty bad out there … then you could qualify, 100%.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/imperfectparadise\">Listen to the Imperfect Paradise podcast\u003c/a> from LAist studios to learn more about the battle over permanent supportive housing in Fullerton, and \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/fullerton-homelessness-nimby-supportive-housing-imperfect-paradise\">read LAist’s full story\u003c/a>, going back to 2018.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This week’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/\">California Report Magazine\u003c/a> features a conversation with KPCC reporter Jill Replogle, whose three-part series “Home Is Life” is the opening season of the new LAist podcast \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/imperfectparadise\">Imperfect Paradise\u003c/a>. We hear excerpts from Episode 2, which explores the \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/fullerton-homelessness-nimby-supportive-housing-imperfect-paradise\">battle in Fullerton over an effort to build a new apartment complex\u003c/a> to get unhoused people off the street.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to get unhoused people into stable housing is a question cities across California are grappling with. But the problem isn’t always finding land or money to build permanent supportive housing — often, it’s the neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Gillanders runs an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.pohoc.org/staff/\">Pathways of Hope\u003c/a>, which works to end homelessness and hunger in Orange County. He was frustrated with the limits of services for unhoused people, which tend to go not much beyond things like church soup kitchens and clothing drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11905657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11905657\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53771_David-Gillanders-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Gillanders, executive director of Pathways of Hope, at the proposed site of an apartment complex for chronically unhoused people in Fullerton. \u003ccite>(Jill Replogle / KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Yes, handing out toys to families matters. Yes, everyone’s got to eat,” Gillanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it’s literally homelessness. It’s not souplessness, you know what I mean? It’s not clotheslessness. It’s not showerlessness. It’s homelessness. Demonstrate for me how homelessness is ended with anything other than a set of keys, a lease and a place to call home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11905658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11905658\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53772_Curtis-Gamble-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curtis Gamble in his studio apartment in downtown Fullerton. Gamble was homeless in Fullerton for eight years. He was able to rent the apartment with the money he got from a settlement with the city of Fullerton over the city’s failure to zone for homeless shelters. \u003ccite>(Kyle Grillot/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gillanders led an initiative to build an apartment building in Fullerton to house 60 to 80 people who are chronically unhoused and have a disability, which could include mental illness or a substance abuse disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to get it approved, the Fullerton City Council told Gillanders he’d have to convince the neighbors. But that proved harder than he thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We spent a lot of money to buy homes and to get our kids to school and, you know, just to live the American dream,” said neighbor Stephanie Bromley. “We feel like our safety and our well-being is being compromised and no one’s thinking about us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bromley ran a Facebook group that became a forum for complaints about people experiencing homelessness in the neighborhood. Bromley said she felt compassion for unhoused people, handing out McDonald’s gift cards to people she encounters around town asking for money. But she didn’t support the idea of formerly unhoused people living in an apartment building in her neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned that we’re going to attract people from other cities and then they’re going to become our responsibility,” Bromley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Fullerton residents express more vicious takes on their unhoused neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Reese generated a local following in Fullerton by \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIAEfZIjiPmYnq9ZFHdtqzA\">posting videos of her “interviewing” people\u003c/a> she presumes to be unhoused. Some videos feature her asking her subjects if they want help and then berating them if they refuse or waver. Others feature her disparaging commentaries, as she films unhoused people from a distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Imperfect Paradise podcast follows Reese and a group of neighbors as they tour other permanent supportive housing for chronically unhoused people in Orange County. Fullerton City Council members and proponents of the Pathways project suggested it might be illuminating for residents to see some existing developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But the tour seemed to backfire. Fullerton neighbors got particularly upset when the tour stopped at an apartment complex in the city of Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know permanent supportive housing is what experts say is the best way to keep people off the street,” said Bromley. “But it bothers me that our taxpayer dollars are paying for these people to live with amenities like a pool, stainless steel appliances, granite countertops, walk-in closets, movie night, etcetera. And they never have to work. You know, it makes me wonder why I work so hard, you know, and tell my kids they need to go to school and do well for themselves and everybody getting all these things for free. It’s frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, tenants do pay rent: 30% of their income, which could come from employment or disability insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that information didn’t convince the Fullerton neighbors skeptical of the Pathways project. When the tour stopped at another permanent supportive housing project, the Rockwood apartments in Anaheim, Reese jumped in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can I get this kind of assistance and not have to work?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re homeless, if you go live on the street for a year, stop working, then you would qualify,” responded Danielle Ball, whose job is to help tenants at Rockwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you went out and if you decided you don’t want your house, you don’t want your car. You don’t want any single asset that you own and sell everything and go out on the street and lose it all … [and] after being on the street, most likely you will get a mental health diagnosis because it’s pretty bad out there … then you could qualify, 100%.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/imperfectparadise\">Listen to the Imperfect Paradise podcast\u003c/a> from LAist studios to learn more about the battle over permanent supportive housing in Fullerton, and \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/fullerton-homelessness-nimby-supportive-housing-imperfect-paradise\">read LAist’s full story\u003c/a>, going back to 2018.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-firefighters-keep-getting-injured-during-training-and-some-have-died",
"title": "California's Firefighters Keep Getting Injured While Training. Some Have Died",
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"headTitle": "California’s Firefighters Keep Getting Injured While Training. Some Have Died | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even as he lay dying on the side of a Southern California mountain — his lips blue, the color gone from his face — wildland firefighter Yaroslav Katkov wanted to push on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting to the top. We’re finishing,” his captain recalled Katkov saying after collapsing atop a ridge during a training hike in hot weather, according to state records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov’s speech was garbled. He tried to stand, but couldn’t find his footing. His body temperature was reaching dangerous levels. He was suffering from heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened on that sun-soaked July day in 2019 is one thread in a larger story about firefighter training in an era of intensifying heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the past 18 months, more than 150 firefighters were sickened by heat exposure while working for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, known as Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a quarter of heat-related incidents — the largest category — involve firefighters who fell ill during routine training exercises, Columbia Journalism Investigations, KPCC and LAist found. Like Katkov, nearly all of these firefighters worked part time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889335\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1390px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889335 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration of a red firefighter helmet and goggles above five blurry white dots, on a black background.\" width=\"1390\" height=\"935\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration.jpg 1390w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-800x538.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-160x108.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1390px) 100vw, 1390px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The incidents, documented in Cal Fire’s workplace-injury logs, were specifically classified as heat related and occurred between Jan. 1, 2020, and Aug. 3, 2021. CJI and LAist were unable to ascertain how typical the case numbers are. Cal Fire refused to say whether they were unusual or in line with annual totals for heat illnesses among workers over the past decade. The department declined to provide data that could put the numbers into a broader context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CJI and LAist compiled less comprehensive data from internal Cal Fire reports on employee training injuries dating back to 2001, in addition to other state records. These documents show at least 14 other incidents that bear what some experts say are hallmarks of heat-related illness. In five of these incidents, the firefighters died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right']Over the past 18 months, more than 150 firefighters were sickened by heat exposure while working for Cal Fire.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the firefighters succumbed to injuries not on the fire line in some remote California wilderness, but during required training. Many were decked out in full wildland gear — wearing long-sleeve jackets, pants and helmets while carrying heavy tools — and doing activities meant to simulate wildfire fighting — taking short hikes into the woods, for instance, or laying hoses up a mountainside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one of the deaths occurred in temperatures ranging from 70 to 87 degrees. Four of the victims were incarcerated, participating in a state program meant to bolster firefighting forces that dates back to WWII.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts and federal workplace regulators agree that heat-related illnesses and deaths are 100% preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts, a review of hundreds of pages of government records detailing firefighter injuries and deaths and an analysis of worker heat death cases reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. Combined, they make up about half of the agency’s nearly 10,000-strong firefighting force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov’s death was exceptional in just how many institutional failures occurred during his hike, records show. But many of the other cases of heat-related injuries and deaths indicate the same underlying problems — a punitive culture that can endanger firefighters’ health, a lackluster physical screening process and an ineffective plan for building up firefighters’ tolerance for heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889384\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1380px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889384 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration composed of nine black-and-white squares that include images of the Lippe Hike, overlaid with a red outline of the trail.\" width=\"1380\" height=\"920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration.jpg 1380w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1380px) 100vw, 1380px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov collapsed on his second lap of the 1.45 mile Lippe Hike in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula. According to documents related to the hike, Katkov’s captain ignored signs from Katkov of potential illness. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Warning signs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the day of Katkov’s hike, Cal Fire officials later found that his captain, Joe Ekblad, had missed opportunities to act on several telltale signs of heat illness. Not until Katkov collapsed at the top of that ridge did Ekblad begin emergency procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The captain later explained he believed that they could cool Katkov down if they moved fast enough. They stripped off his jacket and drenched him in water. But it didn’t work. Katkov took several deep “gulpy breaths,” according to documents obtained from the state’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA. Still, Ekblad delayed calling for emergency help because he thought Katkov “would snap back out of it,” the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Statement from Cal Fire\"]‘[Cal Fire] vigorously rejects the notion that a punitive culture exists in relation to the fitness, safety, or wellbeing of our workforce.’[/pullquote]Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the next day. Cal Fire demoted Ekblad. The department found he had “failed to identify a crew member … in physical and/mental distress.” Ekblad didn’t respond to requests for comment. Records show he told investigators that Katkov was a willing participant in the exercises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire didn’t respond to several requests to interview the department’s head of safety. In a statement, it said it “vigorously rejects the notion that a punitive culture exists in relation to the fitness, safety, or wellbeing of our workforce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department says it trains all its firefighters — seasonal, incarcerated or otherwise — on the dangers associated with wildland firefighting, “including methods to prevent, recognize and respond to symptoms of heat related illnesses.” It described its efforts to combat heat-related injuries and deaths as “a partnership” with individual firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each must do his/her part year-round to ensure that they are preparing for the upcoming fire season,” the department wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 28, 2019, Katkov embarked on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike, a 1.45-mile loop at Cal Fire’s Station 16 in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gavin Bledsoe, one of the station’s other fire captains, later told Cal/OSHA investigators that “he had concerns with Joe pushing Yaro hard,” and that Ekblad had pushed other firefighters without giving them enough time for breaks in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889386\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889386 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view from Lippe Hike: several hills and a light cloudy sky.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lippe Hike winds through the hills just behind Cal Fire Station 16 in northern San Diego County. \u003ccite>(Jacob Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to documents related to Ekblad’s demotion, the hike that preceded Katkov’s death had never been timed before that morning, and Bledsoe believed the standard for finishing it was set “specifically with Yaro in mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Joe has been pushing really hard to get Yaro to quit or up to his standards,” Bledsoe told Cal/OSHA investigators about the rookie firefighter who regularly hiked the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bledsoe didn’t respond to multiple phone calls and text messages seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889397\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889397 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A studio portrait of a man in a Cal Fire uniform smiling at the camera.\" width=\"427\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1.jpeg 427w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1-160x240.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Fire firefighter Yaroslav Katkov. Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the day after embarking on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Vallario)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter-mile into the hike, seasonal firefighter Matthew Guerrero told investigators, Katkov was breathing heavily. At one point, as the hike wound from mountains alongside a road, Katkov was slow to move out of oncoming traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekblad wrote in his notebook, “Road Hazard – Cognitive Question.” This was an early sign of heat illness that Ekblad ignored, Cal Fire documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio completed the hike in about 40 minutes — 10 minutes slower than the time Ekblad had set for the station that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna do it again. The first hike was unacceptable,” Ekblad said, according to the Cal/OSHA investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekblad later told the agency’s investigators that doing the hike twice wasn’t standard practice. Cal Fire concluded that it was “clearly unnecessary” given the signs of distress Katkov had exhibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio rested for 20 minutes, drank some water and set off to do the hike again. By then, the temperature had climbed to nearly 88 degrees — five degrees hotter than the 40-year average for the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the steep, often-shadeless path, Katkov told Ekblad he was exhausted — another symptom of heat illness that Ekblad should have recognized, Cal Fire documents said. Rather than seek emergency care, however, the captain encouraged both firefighters to press on, and they pushed up the hill. Guerrero helped steady Katkov’s balance, but Katkov stumbled and had to pause at least 20 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atop the 650-foot ridge, Katkov fell forward and sat down. Ekblad told him to take off some of his wildland gear, and Guerrero tried to shade him with a jacket. They poured water on him, but his eyes rolled back. He eventually passed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly an hour after starting the hike a second time, Ekblad called for help. Katkov began to shake uncontrollably. It took another hour for an air ambulance to get to the remote location and transport Katkov to Temecula Valley Hospital. He died the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA inspectors found that Cal Fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Hadn’t provided enough water or shade on the hike.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Failed to monitor Katkov for preexisting sensitivities to heat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Didn’t prepare Katkov for the intensity of the job, as required under Cal Fire’s heat-illness prevention plan.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Didn’t initiate an emergency medical response until it was too late.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA fined the department $80,875 — almost five times the average Cal/OSHA fine of $17,000 for all types of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A ‘toughness mentality’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ashley Vallario, Katkov’s longtime girlfriend, said she was shocked after reading the investigation. It was clear that Cal Fire hadn’t done everything it should have done to protect Katkov, she said. Its safeguards against workplace heat appear to have failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told me that everything that could have been done was done, and that there was no waste of time,” Vallario said. “I believed them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire didn’t respond to written questions about Katkov’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889399\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11889399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A sign that reads, 'Cal Fire De Luz Station 16' next to a country road.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1696\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov worked at Cal Fire De Luz Station 16 located in the hills just outside of Temecula.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rank matters at Cal Fire. Impressing superiors can help a seasonal firefighter move on to a coveted full-time spot. But a tough paramilitary culture often pushes Cal Fire employees to their physical limits, even in hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, that culture has contributed to serious heat-related injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, for instance, a Cal Fire firefighter was at a “rehire” training session in Riverside, meant for seasonal employees about to rejoin their crews. He and the other trainees were forced to do “extra rigorous” exercises after someone had arrived late, according to a Cal/OSHA investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the group practiced a simulated fire attack, the firefighter complained about feeling ill and asked his supervisor if he could take off his jacket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instructor said no and told the firefighter to sit down in the sun, the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886628\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50596_019_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]About 10 minutes later, a colleague reported that the firefighter did “not look good.” His legs cramped, and he was gasping for breath — both symptoms of heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firefighter was hospitalized for two days, and Cal/OSHA fined the department $18,560 for violating California’s heat standard by failing to allow the employee to take an adequate rest break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a similar case in 2017, another Cal Fire firefighter was working in full wildland gear while moving a hose for a training exercise, according to Cal/OSHA records. After a break, a new instructor took over another round of the activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firefighter later told Cal/OSHA that the work was more strenuous the second time, and that the instructor had “pushed the employee to do more.” The firefighter struggled to finish the task. He was so confused that he couldn’t answer questions, Cal/OSHA records show. An altered mental state is a red flag for heat illness, medical experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instructor mocked the firefighter and suggested he “go to Orange County since their training is easier,” the inspector wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in the earlier case, the firefighter spent two days in the hospital. Cal Fire was fined another $2,430 for failing to educate employees about heat’s threats and not providing ready access to water and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Robert Salgado, Former Cal/OSHA inspector and wildland firefighter\"]‘We don’t want the smartest guy … we just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.’[/pullquote]Cal Fire Battalion Chief Jon Heggie, who leads several fire stations based in San Diego, including Katkov’s former station, said the department is working to root out the “toughness” mentality that has pervaded its ranks. Some heat-related incidents “have been an unfortunate wake-up call that maybe that culture needs to change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may be difficult. Robert Salgado, a former Cal/OSHA inspector and wildland firefighter, notes that Cal Fire’s do-or-die attitude is one of the “very deep-rooted cultural practices in the fire service” that is passed from department to department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want the smartest guy … we don’t want the most trained guy,” Salgado said. “We just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire union president Tim Edwards of Local 2881 recalls a recent incident in which supervisors pushed firefighters in training activities beyond their limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll admit it, we had problems in San Diego in the last four months,” he said, explaining that one supervisor was warned about the way he was treating firefighters after a union member filed a complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisor was pushing firefighters to hike “when they weren’t feeling good,” Edwards said, “making them hike thinking if he pushed them a little bit further, it would help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire, for its part, acknowledges that the department spoke with the supervisor but said he was not reprimanded. It describes the incident as an example of how the department and the union can work together to address potential health issues before they get worse.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Don’t blame the firefighters’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another problem, insiders say, is that Cal Fire doesn’t have a physical fitness standard that makes clear what kind of shape seasonal and incarcerated firefighters must be in when they return to duty after months off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11836399\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/44642_transform-1.jpg\"]Without such a standard, firefighters may not realize they’re not fit enough until they’re on training hikes or in the field on hot days. At that point, it’s up to individual supervisors to say whether it’s a problem for any firefighter, and what that firefighter needs to do to improve. And that can make for trouble when those supervisors push their employees too hard, especially on hot days, to reach whatever level they deem correct, insiders say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards, of Cal Fire Local 2881, notes that the union has “been pushing for years to have a minimal physical fitness standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the union wants seasonal firefighters to have their fitness tested over a week, with intense physical exercise and step-by-step goals to measure their progress. If they fail to pass those tests, he said, they could be set on a remedial path or let go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards blames the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation for issues involving incarcerated firefighters. He argues that Cal Fire has little control over these abilities when they arrive at fire camps, even though the 11 heat-related incidents involving incarcerated people identified by CJI and LAist occurred during official Cal Fire trainings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corrections Department said Cal Fire has always trained incarcerated firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, when a firefighter falls behind on fitness requirements, Cal Fire’s system leaves it up to individual stations to determine how that firefighter will move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889391\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889391 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A line of firefighters wearing bright orange uniforms and carrying equipment walk alongside a forest in front of a firefighter wearing a traditional yellow uniform.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Incarcerated firefighters on a training hike with Cal Fire. Incarcerated individuals make up a big chunk of California’s firefighters during wildfire season, but some firefighter union officials point out that incarcerated firefighters don’t receive enough physical training from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation before they join a crew. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When firefighters are assigned to a crew for the season, they are allotted an hour each day for personal training, and given access to wellness coordinators and workout gear. Supervisors are required to sign off on each firefighter’s monthly progress as part of a “Physical Fitness Documentation Log.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more than half of heat-illness cases examined by CJI and LAist, the firefighters didn’t have a fitness plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with a Cal/OSHA investigator, some of Katkov’s former colleagues raised concerns about his physical fitness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Statement from Cal Fire\"]‘Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead.’[/pullquote]But Cal/OSHA found that Ekblad had not created a fitness plan or any documentation to measure Katkov’s progress, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its statement, Cal Fire said it has no control over its firefighters’ “fitness efforts, caffeine intake, eating habits, water intake, sun exposure, alcohol consumption, or other factors that may impact their ability to perform their job functions” when they are off-duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take weeks or months for firefighters to safely build up their fitness, and experts say it’s not something that can be forced with strenuous exercise in a short period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead,” Cal Fire said in its statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brent Ruby, a University of Montana professor who has studied the physical demands of wildland firefighting, said ad hoc training is not the ideal way to train because there’s “a tendency to try to push” new or young recruits. As these firefighters press on, he said, the strain on their body builds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They hike faster, they produce more heat,” Ruby said, “but the environment is still bearing down on them and pushing back on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Thomas Ferguson, Consultant for Cal Fire\"]‘We’ve got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.’[/pullquote]Dr. Thomas Ferguson, a consultant who says he reviews 8,000 medical files for Cal Fire each year, has seen how firefighters who are pushed too hard can get blamed for not meeting physical expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson told Cal/OSHA investigators that seasonal firefighters like Katkov are most vulnerable to heat illness. According to Cal/OSHA’s investigative file on Katkov’s death, Ferguson urged the department to adopt a fitness standard for seasonal and incarcerated firefighters partly for this reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t blame the firefighters,” he said in a recent interview. “We’ve got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889395\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11889395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two firefighters seem to be pulling a long hose through the forest.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters with Cal Fire San Diego practice a progressive hose lay during training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Identifying the hidden risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even before starting the job, Cal Fire’s health screening processes may miss conditions that could jeopardize firefighters’ lives, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasonal and incarcerated firefighters get little more than a basic physical, which experts say doesn’t always screen for potentially problematic health conditions. That has had dire consequences on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, eight firefighters with underlying health problems have died during training — five of them likely from heat exposure, experts say. All of them were incarcerated except for Katkov. Four died from cardiovascular issues, such as heart attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not all of those cases were directly tied to heat, researchers say high temperatures often play a hidden role in injuries and deaths, especially in workers who have underlying or preexisting health conditions, such as heart or kidney disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said its screening policy requires “an annual medical evaluation for all applicants and employees who are required to be medically cleared.” Tests intended to check for preexisting conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and some cancers, are voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent interview with CJI and LAist, Ferguson said Cal Fire has a hard time keeping up with the basic screenings for thousands of seasonal and incarcerated firefighters each year. “It’s an operational issue for them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union’s Edwards goes further. “When the State of California is hiring a temporary employee, and this is just the sad truth of it, they’re not going to want to invest a whole lot of time and money,” he said. “We don’t agree with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not until age 40 that full-time Cal Fire employees are required to take heart and blood tests, according to the union. Seasonal firefighters are offered the opportunity, but it’s not mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heart issues, which could be caught by more extensive tests, are among the preexisting conditions exacerbated by heat. When a firefighter dies, heat can be overlooked as the primary factor, creating a pattern of uneven enforcement, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right']It’s not until age 40 that full-time Cal Fire employees are required to take heart and blood tests.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2015, Raymond Araujo, a 37-year-old incarcerated man assigned to work in the Bautista Conservation Camp, set off on a training hike in Banning, California, about 30 miles from Palm Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cal/OSHA records, Araujo covered two miles of steep terrain. The temperature reached 81 degrees — 10 degrees hotter for the area for that time of year. He stumbled during the exercise. His colleagues tried to carry him to the finish but eventually he lost his vision and fell to his knees. About an hour after the hike began, paramedics declared him dead, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11889336\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS50579_002_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1-1020x680.jpg\"]A Cal/OSHA investigation named heat as a contributing factor in Araujo’s death, but the Riverside County coroner determined the cause was “hypertensive cardiovascular disease,” according to an autopsy report. Cal/OSHA’s medical unit, noting the preexisting condition, concluded that “it did not appear likely that a heat illness or other work-related illness or injury played any role in Araujo’s sudden death,” records show. The agency closed the case without issuing any citations for violating the state’s heat standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garrett Brown, a Cal/OSHA inspector from 1994 to 2014, investigated more than 100 work sites for heat issues. He reviewed the Araujo case at our request and said it was impossible to know why the agency chose not to address the heat standard violations. Despite that decision, Brown said the incident resembled many heat cases he had handled, in which workers suffered heart or kidney failure because of hot temperatures, and likely should’ve been handled as possible heat standard violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal/OSHA spokesperson defended the agency’s handling of Araujo’s death. “Cal/OSHA Enforcement relied on the Medical Unit’s opinion,” the spokesperson, Frank Polizzi, wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson isn’t the only one who’s raised concerns about Cal Fire’s health-screening process. During the Cal/OSHA investigation into Katkov’s death, Tammy Stout, manager of the Cal Fire medical unit, was blunt in her assessment of the process, explaining that she had received medical clearance even though she believed she was physically incapable of doing a firefighter’s job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire Captain Cesar Nerey put it simply. “You could get a better physical playing high school football than the one required by Cal Fire,” he told the Cal/OSHA investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A gap in existing heat protections\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s another concerning factor in how Cal Fire brings new firefighters onto the job: a lack of a department-wide regimented acclimatization plan that would ease employees into the heat. Instead, as with fitness training, Cal Fire leaves it up to individual stations to craft their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886402\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1773-1020x680.jpg\"]Here’s why that matters. Acclimatization — building up a tolerance for heat — is a crucial part of training firefighters to operate in extreme conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easing firefighters into the work in hot temperatures is widely viewed as one of the best ways to prevent heat illnesses and deaths. It should happen during a new or newly returned firefighter’s two weeks of training, health experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 25 years, since the death of a California firefighter from heat exposure while constructing a fire line in 1997, a federal agency has recommended the state follow specific protocols for acclimatization of firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protocols, from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), call for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>New employees working in heat no more than 20% of their first shift, with a daily increase of the same percentage until fully acclimated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Experienced firefighters returning from an extended break working in heat more than 50% of the first day, with a gradual increase over the course of a week.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said that it is considering those recommendations, but it “may not be achievable in all situations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department said following them “could cause issues in protecting the people and resources of California,” since firefighters often are thrust into emergency situations when a fire erupts and may come from areas across the state and be used to different climates. Cal Fire did not address non-emergency training scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976705\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/MexicanCrew-Casimiro-1020x765.jpg\"]Some heat-related incidents have occurred early in a firefighter’s tenure and during training. Of all the incidents identified by CJI and LAist, records show at least 14 employees were sickened by heat at the Cal Fire training academy during their first weeks. Dozens more suffered from heat illnesses on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a two-month period in the summer of 2014, three firefighters were hospitalized after they had trained in the heat. Two of these incidents occurred in the same week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA considers an acclimatization plan the pinnacle of heat awareness — indeed, it is one of the four pillars of heat safety in the state’s standard. Yet the agency leaves the details on how to acclimate employees up to individual employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, Cal/OSHA said “the acclimatization period, when employees are introduced to high heat, is the most critical in terms of illness prevention.” The agency rarely cites employers for failing to acclimatize their employees, as compared to other heat-related violations, having done so only 68 times since 2015, as of July 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What can prevent a tragedy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While heat continues to be an issue during Cal Fire training activities, a responsive supervisor can make the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a year after Katkov’s death, yet another firefighter came close to dying on a training hike in Mariposa, 150 miles east of San José. The firefighter had suffered leg cramps and vomited on the same trail just two weeks earlier, according to Cal Fire documents. A physician cleared him for work, but people with prior injuries can be more susceptible to heat stress, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hike in July 2020, the temperature reached 87 degrees. According to Cal Fire records, the captain, who said he’d been aware of the firefighter’s medical issues, watched his progress during the 60-minute exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the firefighter gasped for breath, the captain implored him to slow down. When his legs cramped, a colleague helped him down a hill. The captain called an ambulance, and the crew gave him oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airlifted to a trauma center, the firefigher was treated for heat stroke and a heat-related condition known as rhabdomyolysis, which causes muscle tissue to break down and leak toxins into the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889393\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 623px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889393 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5.jpeg\" alt=\"A smiling couple in formal dress sit together at a table at a party.\" width=\"623\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5.jpeg 623w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov with his longtime partner, Ashley Vallario. Vallario considered filing a lawsuit after Katkov’s death but later decided against it. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Vallario)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ashley Vallario, Yaroslav Katkov’s partner, who considered filing a lawsuit but decided against it, still can’t understand why Katkov wasn’t given the same level of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov was selfless, she said, someone who would help others even to his detriment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in their relationship, Vallario remembers Katkov taking her on a date to pick up trash on the beach. Initially, that gave her pause, but she’s come to realize it was Katkov’s way of giving back. “It definitely made me, like, a better person,” Vallario said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Katkov’s death, she has pushed Cal Fire to demand more of its leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re supposed to have faith that those people would keep them safe,” she said. “It shows what kind of leadership that they’re willing to allow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brian Edwards reported this story as a fellow for Columbia Journalism Investigations, an investigative reporting unit at the Columbia Journalism School in New York, along with Jacob Margolis, a science reporter at KPCC and LAist, and a member of The California Newsroom.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was supported by the Fund for Investigative Journalism.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "California's Firefighters Keep Getting Injured While Training. Some Have Died | KQED",
"description": "Extensive interviews with current and former members of Cal Fire and reviews of hundreds of government records reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety that put at risk those who fight California's wildfires.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even as he lay dying on the side of a Southern California mountain — his lips blue, the color gone from his face — wildland firefighter Yaroslav Katkov wanted to push on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting to the top. We’re finishing,” his captain recalled Katkov saying after collapsing atop a ridge during a training hike in hot weather, according to state records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov’s speech was garbled. He tried to stand, but couldn’t find his footing. His body temperature was reaching dangerous levels. He was suffering from heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened on that sun-soaked July day in 2019 is one thread in a larger story about firefighter training in an era of intensifying heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the past 18 months, more than 150 firefighters were sickened by heat exposure while working for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, known as Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a quarter of heat-related incidents — the largest category — involve firefighters who fell ill during routine training exercises, Columbia Journalism Investigations, KPCC and LAist found. Like Katkov, nearly all of these firefighters worked part time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889335\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1390px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889335 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration of a red firefighter helmet and goggles above five blurry white dots, on a black background.\" width=\"1390\" height=\"935\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration.jpg 1390w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-800x538.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-160x108.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1390px) 100vw, 1390px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The incidents, documented in Cal Fire’s workplace-injury logs, were specifically classified as heat related and occurred between Jan. 1, 2020, and Aug. 3, 2021. CJI and LAist were unable to ascertain how typical the case numbers are. Cal Fire refused to say whether they were unusual or in line with annual totals for heat illnesses among workers over the past decade. The department declined to provide data that could put the numbers into a broader context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CJI and LAist compiled less comprehensive data from internal Cal Fire reports on employee training injuries dating back to 2001, in addition to other state records. These documents show at least 14 other incidents that bear what some experts say are hallmarks of heat-related illness. In five of these incidents, the firefighters died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the firefighters succumbed to injuries not on the fire line in some remote California wilderness, but during required training. Many were decked out in full wildland gear — wearing long-sleeve jackets, pants and helmets while carrying heavy tools — and doing activities meant to simulate wildfire fighting — taking short hikes into the woods, for instance, or laying hoses up a mountainside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one of the deaths occurred in temperatures ranging from 70 to 87 degrees. Four of the victims were incarcerated, participating in a state program meant to bolster firefighting forces that dates back to WWII.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts and federal workplace regulators agree that heat-related illnesses and deaths are 100% preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts, a review of hundreds of pages of government records detailing firefighter injuries and deaths and an analysis of worker heat death cases reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. Combined, they make up about half of the agency’s nearly 10,000-strong firefighting force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov’s death was exceptional in just how many institutional failures occurred during his hike, records show. But many of the other cases of heat-related injuries and deaths indicate the same underlying problems — a punitive culture that can endanger firefighters’ health, a lackluster physical screening process and an ineffective plan for building up firefighters’ tolerance for heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889384\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1380px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889384 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration composed of nine black-and-white squares that include images of the Lippe Hike, overlaid with a red outline of the trail.\" width=\"1380\" height=\"920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration.jpg 1380w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1380px) 100vw, 1380px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov collapsed on his second lap of the 1.45 mile Lippe Hike in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula. According to documents related to the hike, Katkov’s captain ignored signs from Katkov of potential illness. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Warning signs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the day of Katkov’s hike, Cal Fire officials later found that his captain, Joe Ekblad, had missed opportunities to act on several telltale signs of heat illness. Not until Katkov collapsed at the top of that ridge did Ekblad begin emergency procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The captain later explained he believed that they could cool Katkov down if they moved fast enough. They stripped off his jacket and drenched him in water. But it didn’t work. Katkov took several deep “gulpy breaths,” according to documents obtained from the state’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA. Still, Ekblad delayed calling for emergency help because he thought Katkov “would snap back out of it,” the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the next day. Cal Fire demoted Ekblad. The department found he had “failed to identify a crew member … in physical and/mental distress.” Ekblad didn’t respond to requests for comment. Records show he told investigators that Katkov was a willing participant in the exercises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire didn’t respond to several requests to interview the department’s head of safety. In a statement, it said it “vigorously rejects the notion that a punitive culture exists in relation to the fitness, safety, or wellbeing of our workforce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department says it trains all its firefighters — seasonal, incarcerated or otherwise — on the dangers associated with wildland firefighting, “including methods to prevent, recognize and respond to symptoms of heat related illnesses.” It described its efforts to combat heat-related injuries and deaths as “a partnership” with individual firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each must do his/her part year-round to ensure that they are preparing for the upcoming fire season,” the department wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 28, 2019, Katkov embarked on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike, a 1.45-mile loop at Cal Fire’s Station 16 in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gavin Bledsoe, one of the station’s other fire captains, later told Cal/OSHA investigators that “he had concerns with Joe pushing Yaro hard,” and that Ekblad had pushed other firefighters without giving them enough time for breaks in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889386\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889386 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view from Lippe Hike: several hills and a light cloudy sky.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lippe Hike winds through the hills just behind Cal Fire Station 16 in northern San Diego County. \u003ccite>(Jacob Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to documents related to Ekblad’s demotion, the hike that preceded Katkov’s death had never been timed before that morning, and Bledsoe believed the standard for finishing it was set “specifically with Yaro in mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Joe has been pushing really hard to get Yaro to quit or up to his standards,” Bledsoe told Cal/OSHA investigators about the rookie firefighter who regularly hiked the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bledsoe didn’t respond to multiple phone calls and text messages seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889397\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889397 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A studio portrait of a man in a Cal Fire uniform smiling at the camera.\" width=\"427\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1.jpeg 427w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1-160x240.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Fire firefighter Yaroslav Katkov. Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the day after embarking on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Vallario)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter-mile into the hike, seasonal firefighter Matthew Guerrero told investigators, Katkov was breathing heavily. At one point, as the hike wound from mountains alongside a road, Katkov was slow to move out of oncoming traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekblad wrote in his notebook, “Road Hazard – Cognitive Question.” This was an early sign of heat illness that Ekblad ignored, Cal Fire documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio completed the hike in about 40 minutes — 10 minutes slower than the time Ekblad had set for the station that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna do it again. The first hike was unacceptable,” Ekblad said, according to the Cal/OSHA investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekblad later told the agency’s investigators that doing the hike twice wasn’t standard practice. Cal Fire concluded that it was “clearly unnecessary” given the signs of distress Katkov had exhibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio rested for 20 minutes, drank some water and set off to do the hike again. By then, the temperature had climbed to nearly 88 degrees — five degrees hotter than the 40-year average for the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the steep, often-shadeless path, Katkov told Ekblad he was exhausted — another symptom of heat illness that Ekblad should have recognized, Cal Fire documents said. Rather than seek emergency care, however, the captain encouraged both firefighters to press on, and they pushed up the hill. Guerrero helped steady Katkov’s balance, but Katkov stumbled and had to pause at least 20 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atop the 650-foot ridge, Katkov fell forward and sat down. Ekblad told him to take off some of his wildland gear, and Guerrero tried to shade him with a jacket. They poured water on him, but his eyes rolled back. He eventually passed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly an hour after starting the hike a second time, Ekblad called for help. Katkov began to shake uncontrollably. It took another hour for an air ambulance to get to the remote location and transport Katkov to Temecula Valley Hospital. He died the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA inspectors found that Cal Fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Hadn’t provided enough water or shade on the hike.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Failed to monitor Katkov for preexisting sensitivities to heat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Didn’t prepare Katkov for the intensity of the job, as required under Cal Fire’s heat-illness prevention plan.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Didn’t initiate an emergency medical response until it was too late.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA fined the department $80,875 — almost five times the average Cal/OSHA fine of $17,000 for all types of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A ‘toughness mentality’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ashley Vallario, Katkov’s longtime girlfriend, said she was shocked after reading the investigation. It was clear that Cal Fire hadn’t done everything it should have done to protect Katkov, she said. Its safeguards against workplace heat appear to have failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told me that everything that could have been done was done, and that there was no waste of time,” Vallario said. “I believed them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire didn’t respond to written questions about Katkov’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889399\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11889399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A sign that reads, 'Cal Fire De Luz Station 16' next to a country road.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1696\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov worked at Cal Fire De Luz Station 16 located in the hills just outside of Temecula.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rank matters at Cal Fire. Impressing superiors can help a seasonal firefighter move on to a coveted full-time spot. But a tough paramilitary culture often pushes Cal Fire employees to their physical limits, even in hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, that culture has contributed to serious heat-related injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, for instance, a Cal Fire firefighter was at a “rehire” training session in Riverside, meant for seasonal employees about to rejoin their crews. He and the other trainees were forced to do “extra rigorous” exercises after someone had arrived late, according to a Cal/OSHA investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the group practiced a simulated fire attack, the firefighter complained about feeling ill and asked his supervisor if he could take off his jacket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instructor said no and told the firefighter to sit down in the sun, the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>About 10 minutes later, a colleague reported that the firefighter did “not look good.” His legs cramped, and he was gasping for breath — both symptoms of heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firefighter was hospitalized for two days, and Cal/OSHA fined the department $18,560 for violating California’s heat standard by failing to allow the employee to take an adequate rest break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a similar case in 2017, another Cal Fire firefighter was working in full wildland gear while moving a hose for a training exercise, according to Cal/OSHA records. After a break, a new instructor took over another round of the activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firefighter later told Cal/OSHA that the work was more strenuous the second time, and that the instructor had “pushed the employee to do more.” The firefighter struggled to finish the task. He was so confused that he couldn’t answer questions, Cal/OSHA records show. An altered mental state is a red flag for heat illness, medical experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instructor mocked the firefighter and suggested he “go to Orange County since their training is easier,” the inspector wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in the earlier case, the firefighter spent two days in the hospital. Cal Fire was fined another $2,430 for failing to educate employees about heat’s threats and not providing ready access to water and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We don’t want the smartest guy … we just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cal Fire Battalion Chief Jon Heggie, who leads several fire stations based in San Diego, including Katkov’s former station, said the department is working to root out the “toughness” mentality that has pervaded its ranks. Some heat-related incidents “have been an unfortunate wake-up call that maybe that culture needs to change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may be difficult. Robert Salgado, a former Cal/OSHA inspector and wildland firefighter, notes that Cal Fire’s do-or-die attitude is one of the “very deep-rooted cultural practices in the fire service” that is passed from department to department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want the smartest guy … we don’t want the most trained guy,” Salgado said. “We just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire union president Tim Edwards of Local 2881 recalls a recent incident in which supervisors pushed firefighters in training activities beyond their limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll admit it, we had problems in San Diego in the last four months,” he said, explaining that one supervisor was warned about the way he was treating firefighters after a union member filed a complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisor was pushing firefighters to hike “when they weren’t feeling good,” Edwards said, “making them hike thinking if he pushed them a little bit further, it would help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire, for its part, acknowledges that the department spoke with the supervisor but said he was not reprimanded. It describes the incident as an example of how the department and the union can work together to address potential health issues before they get worse.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Don’t blame the firefighters’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another problem, insiders say, is that Cal Fire doesn’t have a physical fitness standard that makes clear what kind of shape seasonal and incarcerated firefighters must be in when they return to duty after months off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Without such a standard, firefighters may not realize they’re not fit enough until they’re on training hikes or in the field on hot days. At that point, it’s up to individual supervisors to say whether it’s a problem for any firefighter, and what that firefighter needs to do to improve. And that can make for trouble when those supervisors push their employees too hard, especially on hot days, to reach whatever level they deem correct, insiders say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards, of Cal Fire Local 2881, notes that the union has “been pushing for years to have a minimal physical fitness standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the union wants seasonal firefighters to have their fitness tested over a week, with intense physical exercise and step-by-step goals to measure their progress. If they fail to pass those tests, he said, they could be set on a remedial path or let go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards blames the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation for issues involving incarcerated firefighters. He argues that Cal Fire has little control over these abilities when they arrive at fire camps, even though the 11 heat-related incidents involving incarcerated people identified by CJI and LAist occurred during official Cal Fire trainings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corrections Department said Cal Fire has always trained incarcerated firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, when a firefighter falls behind on fitness requirements, Cal Fire’s system leaves it up to individual stations to determine how that firefighter will move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889391\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889391 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A line of firefighters wearing bright orange uniforms and carrying equipment walk alongside a forest in front of a firefighter wearing a traditional yellow uniform.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Incarcerated firefighters on a training hike with Cal Fire. Incarcerated individuals make up a big chunk of California’s firefighters during wildfire season, but some firefighter union officials point out that incarcerated firefighters don’t receive enough physical training from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation before they join a crew. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When firefighters are assigned to a crew for the season, they are allotted an hour each day for personal training, and given access to wellness coordinators and workout gear. Supervisors are required to sign off on each firefighter’s monthly progress as part of a “Physical Fitness Documentation Log.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more than half of heat-illness cases examined by CJI and LAist, the firefighters didn’t have a fitness plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with a Cal/OSHA investigator, some of Katkov’s former colleagues raised concerns about his physical fitness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But Cal/OSHA found that Ekblad had not created a fitness plan or any documentation to measure Katkov’s progress, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its statement, Cal Fire said it has no control over its firefighters’ “fitness efforts, caffeine intake, eating habits, water intake, sun exposure, alcohol consumption, or other factors that may impact their ability to perform their job functions” when they are off-duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take weeks or months for firefighters to safely build up their fitness, and experts say it’s not something that can be forced with strenuous exercise in a short period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead,” Cal Fire said in its statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brent Ruby, a University of Montana professor who has studied the physical demands of wildland firefighting, said ad hoc training is not the ideal way to train because there’s “a tendency to try to push” new or young recruits. As these firefighters press on, he said, the strain on their body builds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They hike faster, they produce more heat,” Ruby said, “but the environment is still bearing down on them and pushing back on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We’ve got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Dr. Thomas Ferguson, a consultant who says he reviews 8,000 medical files for Cal Fire each year, has seen how firefighters who are pushed too hard can get blamed for not meeting physical expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson told Cal/OSHA investigators that seasonal firefighters like Katkov are most vulnerable to heat illness. According to Cal/OSHA’s investigative file on Katkov’s death, Ferguson urged the department to adopt a fitness standard for seasonal and incarcerated firefighters partly for this reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t blame the firefighters,” he said in a recent interview. “We’ve got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889395\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11889395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two firefighters seem to be pulling a long hose through the forest.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters with Cal Fire San Diego practice a progressive hose lay during training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Identifying the hidden risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even before starting the job, Cal Fire’s health screening processes may miss conditions that could jeopardize firefighters’ lives, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasonal and incarcerated firefighters get little more than a basic physical, which experts say doesn’t always screen for potentially problematic health conditions. That has had dire consequences on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, eight firefighters with underlying health problems have died during training — five of them likely from heat exposure, experts say. All of them were incarcerated except for Katkov. Four died from cardiovascular issues, such as heart attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not all of those cases were directly tied to heat, researchers say high temperatures often play a hidden role in injuries and deaths, especially in workers who have underlying or preexisting health conditions, such as heart or kidney disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said its screening policy requires “an annual medical evaluation for all applicants and employees who are required to be medically cleared.” Tests intended to check for preexisting conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and some cancers, are voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent interview with CJI and LAist, Ferguson said Cal Fire has a hard time keeping up with the basic screenings for thousands of seasonal and incarcerated firefighters each year. “It’s an operational issue for them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union’s Edwards goes further. “When the State of California is hiring a temporary employee, and this is just the sad truth of it, they’re not going to want to invest a whole lot of time and money,” he said. “We don’t agree with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not until age 40 that full-time Cal Fire employees are required to take heart and blood tests, according to the union. Seasonal firefighters are offered the opportunity, but it’s not mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heart issues, which could be caught by more extensive tests, are among the preexisting conditions exacerbated by heat. When a firefighter dies, heat can be overlooked as the primary factor, creating a pattern of uneven enforcement, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2015, Raymond Araujo, a 37-year-old incarcerated man assigned to work in the Bautista Conservation Camp, set off on a training hike in Banning, California, about 30 miles from Palm Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cal/OSHA records, Araujo covered two miles of steep terrain. The temperature reached 81 degrees — 10 degrees hotter for the area for that time of year. He stumbled during the exercise. His colleagues tried to carry him to the finish but eventually he lost his vision and fell to his knees. About an hour after the hike began, paramedics declared him dead, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A Cal/OSHA investigation named heat as a contributing factor in Araujo’s death, but the Riverside County coroner determined the cause was “hypertensive cardiovascular disease,” according to an autopsy report. Cal/OSHA’s medical unit, noting the preexisting condition, concluded that “it did not appear likely that a heat illness or other work-related illness or injury played any role in Araujo’s sudden death,” records show. The agency closed the case without issuing any citations for violating the state’s heat standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garrett Brown, a Cal/OSHA inspector from 1994 to 2014, investigated more than 100 work sites for heat issues. He reviewed the Araujo case at our request and said it was impossible to know why the agency chose not to address the heat standard violations. Despite that decision, Brown said the incident resembled many heat cases he had handled, in which workers suffered heart or kidney failure because of hot temperatures, and likely should’ve been handled as possible heat standard violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal/OSHA spokesperson defended the agency’s handling of Araujo’s death. “Cal/OSHA Enforcement relied on the Medical Unit’s opinion,” the spokesperson, Frank Polizzi, wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson isn’t the only one who’s raised concerns about Cal Fire’s health-screening process. During the Cal/OSHA investigation into Katkov’s death, Tammy Stout, manager of the Cal Fire medical unit, was blunt in her assessment of the process, explaining that she had received medical clearance even though she believed she was physically incapable of doing a firefighter’s job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire Captain Cesar Nerey put it simply. “You could get a better physical playing high school football than the one required by Cal Fire,” he told the Cal/OSHA investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A gap in existing heat protections\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s another concerning factor in how Cal Fire brings new firefighters onto the job: a lack of a department-wide regimented acclimatization plan that would ease employees into the heat. Instead, as with fitness training, Cal Fire leaves it up to individual stations to craft their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Here’s why that matters. Acclimatization — building up a tolerance for heat — is a crucial part of training firefighters to operate in extreme conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easing firefighters into the work in hot temperatures is widely viewed as one of the best ways to prevent heat illnesses and deaths. It should happen during a new or newly returned firefighter’s two weeks of training, health experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 25 years, since the death of a California firefighter from heat exposure while constructing a fire line in 1997, a federal agency has recommended the state follow specific protocols for acclimatization of firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protocols, from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), call for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>New employees working in heat no more than 20% of their first shift, with a daily increase of the same percentage until fully acclimated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Experienced firefighters returning from an extended break working in heat more than 50% of the first day, with a gradual increase over the course of a week.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said that it is considering those recommendations, but it “may not be achievable in all situations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department said following them “could cause issues in protecting the people and resources of California,” since firefighters often are thrust into emergency situations when a fire erupts and may come from areas across the state and be used to different climates. Cal Fire did not address non-emergency training scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some heat-related incidents have occurred early in a firefighter’s tenure and during training. Of all the incidents identified by CJI and LAist, records show at least 14 employees were sickened by heat at the Cal Fire training academy during their first weeks. Dozens more suffered from heat illnesses on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a two-month period in the summer of 2014, three firefighters were hospitalized after they had trained in the heat. Two of these incidents occurred in the same week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA considers an acclimatization plan the pinnacle of heat awareness — indeed, it is one of the four pillars of heat safety in the state’s standard. Yet the agency leaves the details on how to acclimate employees up to individual employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, Cal/OSHA said “the acclimatization period, when employees are introduced to high heat, is the most critical in terms of illness prevention.” The agency rarely cites employers for failing to acclimatize their employees, as compared to other heat-related violations, having done so only 68 times since 2015, as of July 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What can prevent a tragedy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While heat continues to be an issue during Cal Fire training activities, a responsive supervisor can make the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a year after Katkov’s death, yet another firefighter came close to dying on a training hike in Mariposa, 150 miles east of San José. The firefighter had suffered leg cramps and vomited on the same trail just two weeks earlier, according to Cal Fire documents. A physician cleared him for work, but people with prior injuries can be more susceptible to heat stress, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hike in July 2020, the temperature reached 87 degrees. According to Cal Fire records, the captain, who said he’d been aware of the firefighter’s medical issues, watched his progress during the 60-minute exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the firefighter gasped for breath, the captain implored him to slow down. When his legs cramped, a colleague helped him down a hill. The captain called an ambulance, and the crew gave him oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airlifted to a trauma center, the firefigher was treated for heat stroke and a heat-related condition known as rhabdomyolysis, which causes muscle tissue to break down and leak toxins into the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889393\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 623px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11889393 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5.jpeg\" alt=\"A smiling couple in formal dress sit together at a table at a party.\" width=\"623\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5.jpeg 623w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov with his longtime partner, Ashley Vallario. Vallario considered filing a lawsuit after Katkov’s death but later decided against it. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Vallario)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ashley Vallario, Yaroslav Katkov’s partner, who considered filing a lawsuit but decided against it, still can’t understand why Katkov wasn’t given the same level of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov was selfless, she said, someone who would help others even to his detriment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in their relationship, Vallario remembers Katkov taking her on a date to pick up trash on the beach. Initially, that gave her pause, but she’s come to realize it was Katkov’s way of giving back. “It definitely made me, like, a better person,” Vallario said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Katkov’s death, she has pushed Cal Fire to demand more of its leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re supposed to have faith that those people would keep them safe,” she said. “It shows what kind of leadership that they’re willing to allow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brian Edwards reported this story as a fellow for Columbia Journalism Investigations, an investigative reporting unit at the Columbia Journalism School in New York, along with Jacob Margolis, a science reporter at KPCC and LAist, and a member of The California Newsroom.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was supported by the Fund for Investigative Journalism.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 2017, Ben Perez went to a Mojave Desert resort for a free vacation and ended up signing away his life savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was sold on an idea that a mostly uninhabited, sun-baked desert city might one day become the next Palm Springs, the next Silicon Valley. It turned out Perez is one of tens of thousands of people who’ve been drawn into this mirage for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new podcast \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/california-city.php\">“California City”\u003c/a> follows award-winning journalist Emily Guerin in uncovering the mind-boggling history of a place made up of sprawling suburbs … with no houses. A place where empty desert land is presented as a ticket to the American Dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11834254\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11834254\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California City is carved out of the Mojave Desert. It was designed in the late 1950s for hundreds of thousands of people, but today, there are only about 14,000 residents. Many neighborhoods remain unbuilt. Dirt roads lead to nowhere. Some have street signs, but many are unnamed. One former resident remembered standing at the corner of ‘blank and blank.’ \u003ccite>(Chava Sanchez/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For decades, real estate developers have gotten rich by selling this fever dream to thousands of people, many of whom are hard-working immigrants looking to build a better future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the reality is much different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land investments never paid off, and the landowners — many of whom scraped together their life savings to buy a plot of land — were left with next to nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11834255\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11834255\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California City is filled with signs advertising vacant land for sale. \u003ccite>(Chava Sanchez/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California City is just a few miles north of Edwards Air Force Base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third-largest city in the state by land area, but the population stood at only 14,120 in the last census. It’s a one-bar town surrounded by a vast layout of unpaved streets, filled with people too afraid to talk about the heart of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a story in which victims can be perpetrators and heroes can be villains — from the do-gooder attorney who helped thousands of people before committing a heinous crime of his own, to a former police chief who decided not to investigate an open secret in his own town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To uncover the full scope of this story, and raise awareness about the thousands of people who were affected, this Western crime noir goes back to where it all got started 60 years ago by an immigrant with a dream of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11834256\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11834256\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California City is the third largest city in the state – by land area. But it’s never become the thriving community early developers promised it would be. \u003ccite>(Chava Sanchez/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In this episode of the California Report Magazine, Guerin tells us how salespeople convinced Ben Perez to spend 5 years’ worth of his savings in a matter of three hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an excerpt from the first episode of the California City podcast, an 8-part series from our partners at \u003ca href=\"https://www.laiststudios.com/\">LAist Studios.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2017, Ben Perez went to a Mojave Desert resort for a free vacation and ended up signing away his life savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was sold on an idea that a mostly uninhabited, sun-baked desert city might one day become the next Palm Springs, the next Silicon Valley. It turned out Perez is one of tens of thousands of people who’ve been drawn into this mirage for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new podcast \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/california-city.php\">“California City”\u003c/a> follows award-winning journalist Emily Guerin in uncovering the mind-boggling history of a place made up of sprawling suburbs … with no houses. A place where empty desert land is presented as a ticket to the American Dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11834254\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11834254\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44509__Drone-Roads-0668-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California City is carved out of the Mojave Desert. It was designed in the late 1950s for hundreds of thousands of people, but today, there are only about 14,000 residents. Many neighborhoods remain unbuilt. Dirt roads lead to nowhere. Some have street signs, but many are unnamed. One former resident remembered standing at the corner of ‘blank and blank.’ \u003ccite>(Chava Sanchez/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For decades, real estate developers have gotten rich by selling this fever dream to thousands of people, many of whom are hard-working immigrants looking to build a better future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the reality is much different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land investments never paid off, and the landowners — many of whom scraped together their life savings to buy a plot of land — were left with next to nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11834255\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11834255\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44510_Desert-_For-Sale_-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California City is filled with signs advertising vacant land for sale. \u003ccite>(Chava Sanchez/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California City is just a few miles north of Edwards Air Force Base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third-largest city in the state by land area, but the population stood at only 14,120 in the last census. It’s a one-bar town surrounded by a vast layout of unpaved streets, filled with people too afraid to talk about the heart of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a story in which victims can be perpetrators and heroes can be villains — from the do-gooder attorney who helped thousands of people before committing a heinous crime of his own, to a former police chief who decided not to investigate an open secret in his own town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To uncover the full scope of this story, and raise awareness about the thousands of people who were affected, this Western crime noir goes back to where it all got started 60 years ago by an immigrant with a dream of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11834256\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11834256\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44511_Drone-CA-City-0489-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California City is the third largest city in the state – by land area. But it’s never become the thriving community early developers promised it would be. \u003ccite>(Chava Sanchez/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In this episode of the California Report Magazine, Guerin tells us how salespeople convinced Ben Perez to spend 5 years’ worth of his savings in a matter of three hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an excerpt from the first episode of the California City podcast, an 8-part series from our partners at \u003ca href=\"https://www.laiststudios.com/\">LAist Studios.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. Now Has Earthquake Alert App to Warn Users Before the Big One Hits",
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"content": "\u003cp>Mayor Eric Garcetti officially unveiled an app Thursday morning that lets users know when a major earthquake is about to shake Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932489/pieces-finally-falling-into-place-for-earthquake-warnings-in-california\">Pieces Finally Falling Into Place for Earthquake Warnings in California\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932489/pieces-finally-falling-into-place-for-earthquake-warnings-in-california\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/IMG_0967-1180x881.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The app, called ShakeAlertLA, sends notifications to let users know if a quake of 5.0 magnitude or greater has started, buying anywhere from a few seconds to tens of seconds before heavy shaking starts. That difference, says Caltech seismologist Tom Heaton, can \"really affect how you react ... before and during an earthquake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials point out that the app does not predict earthquakes before they happen, but detects them early. According to a website associated with the app, the technology works by detecting P-wave energy — the first energy to emanate from an earthquake — allowing the app to detect where the earthquake is coming from, and how strong it will be. An alert is then issued to people who have downloaded ShakeAlertLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca>Earthquake App That Gives Up to 30-Second Warning May Be Available This Year\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922600/112-years-after-the-san-francisco-earthquake-an-app-to-give-warning\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/1024px-Aftermath_of_San_Francisco_earthquake_1906-1020x606.jpeg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KPCC/LAist's head of podcasting, Arwen Champion-Nicks, has been spearheading a new podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide,\" which details everything listeners need to know to get through a major earthquake in Southern California. She said the warning app could save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A few seconds of warning can make a huge difference,\" Champion-Nicks said. \"It can be the difference between getting out of an elevator because the doors pop open, and being stuck in an elevator for 19 days. It can be the difference between having enough warning to get under your desk so nothing hits you in the head, and getting hit in the head so hard you don't remember that you have a desk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When will the Bay Area get a similar app?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory Director Richard Allen said the sensors for the early warning system for Northern California are being installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no one has invested in building one for the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hopefully, we will have it very soon,\" said Allen. \"But there are also all of these other mechanisms that are currently underway to deliver ShakeAlert to users across the Bay Area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART and PG&E are part of a pilot program so they can shut down their equipment seconds before a quake. Allen said he hopes the app in Los Angeles will encourage other cities to develop their own delivery systems to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/2019/01/03/finally_a_phone_app_to_warn_us_before_the_big_one_hits.php\">Read the full story via LAist.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED's Monica Samayoa\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mayor Eric Garcetti officially unveiled an app Thursday morning that lets users know when a major earthquake is about to shake Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932489/pieces-finally-falling-into-place-for-earthquake-warnings-in-california\">Pieces Finally Falling Into Place for Earthquake Warnings in California\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932489/pieces-finally-falling-into-place-for-earthquake-warnings-in-california\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/IMG_0967-1180x881.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The app, called ShakeAlertLA, sends notifications to let users know if a quake of 5.0 magnitude or greater has started, buying anywhere from a few seconds to tens of seconds before heavy shaking starts. That difference, says Caltech seismologist Tom Heaton, can \"really affect how you react ... before and during an earthquake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials point out that the app does not predict earthquakes before they happen, but detects them early. According to a website associated with the app, the technology works by detecting P-wave energy — the first energy to emanate from an earthquake — allowing the app to detect where the earthquake is coming from, and how strong it will be. An alert is then issued to people who have downloaded ShakeAlertLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca>Earthquake App That Gives Up to 30-Second Warning May Be Available This Year\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922600/112-years-after-the-san-francisco-earthquake-an-app-to-give-warning\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/1024px-Aftermath_of_San_Francisco_earthquake_1906-1020x606.jpeg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KPCC/LAist's head of podcasting, Arwen Champion-Nicks, has been spearheading a new podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide,\" which details everything listeners need to know to get through a major earthquake in Southern California. She said the warning app could save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A few seconds of warning can make a huge difference,\" Champion-Nicks said. \"It can be the difference between getting out of an elevator because the doors pop open, and being stuck in an elevator for 19 days. It can be the difference between having enough warning to get under your desk so nothing hits you in the head, and getting hit in the head so hard you don't remember that you have a desk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When will the Bay Area get a similar app?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory Director Richard Allen said the sensors for the early warning system for Northern California are being installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no one has invested in building one for the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hopefully, we will have it very soon,\" said Allen. \"But there are also all of these other mechanisms that are currently underway to deliver ShakeAlert to users across the Bay Area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART and PG&E are part of a pilot program so they can shut down their equipment seconds before a quake. Allen said he hopes the app in Los Angeles will encourage other cities to develop their own delivery systems to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/2019/01/03/finally_a_phone_app_to_warn_us_before_the_big_one_hits.php\">Read the full story via LAist.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED's Monica Samayoa\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>He was a fit 28-year-old who studied athletic training at Cal State Northridge after serving in the Marines. Not long ago, he was often the subject of his mother’s proud Facebook posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ian David Long was a decorated veteran who served a tour in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday night, Long walked into the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks armed with a handgun shortly after 11:20 p.m., \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704856/12-victims-killed-in-shooting-at-country-music-bar-in-thousand-oaks-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">and started shooting\u003c/a>. The bullets ended when, according to authorities, Long took his own life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then, 12 people were dead, including a Ventura County sheriff’s sergeant who’d been on the phone with his wife when the call for help came. Authorities said he and another deputy exchanged gunfire with Long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 23 more were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704856/12-victims-killed-in-shooting-at-country-music-bar-in-thousand-oaks-california\">Gunman Kills 12 at Bar in Thousand Oaks, Former Napa Student Among Victims\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704856/12-victims-killed-in-shooting-at-country-music-bar-in-thousand-oaks-california\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ap_18312390586056_wide-fa327f2c2b2e8cb9b8c335cd5ce8ae23c1961bf3-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>What drew Long to turn the weapon on a crowd who came to listen to country music and dance — a typical college night at a local hangout — remains unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He didn’t seem like the kind of person who would snap,” said Blake Winnett, Long’s college roommate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winnett said he met Long through Craigslist. He described his former roommate as quiet, paying rent and keeping to himself and his studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he said, it wasn’t all smooth. Winnett said Long’s girlfriends expressed concerns to him about Long’s mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long joined the Marine Corps when he was 18 and married less than a year later. He deployed to Afghanistan in 2010 and stayed seven months, according to Marine Corps officials. Little information was available about his marriage other than the couple separated in 2011, according to court records. They filed for divorce in May 2013, a couple of months after he left the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/1060587739412742144\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same year, Long enrolled in college. Cal State Northridge enrolls a large number of veterans and has a resource center to serve them. School officials were unable to say if Long had ever used those services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Veterans are not 18-year-olds fresh out of high school,” said spokesperson Carmen Ramos Chandler. “They have experienced life in a way that so many of our traditional students have not. So we wanted to provide a place where they felt welcomed, warmly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday afternoon, half a dozen young men were on laptops, chatting, with a television on in the background. None of them knew Ian David Long from his time at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard thing to hear anytime there is a mass shooting. But when it affects young people, it gets personal. We’re a university, that’s who we are,” Chandler said. “People know people who are impacted by this. Our hearts go out to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winnett, Long’s former roommate, said he was concerned that Long might have suffered from PTSD, based on conversations he said Long’s girlfriends had with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts caution, however, about tying possible PTSD to acts of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704939/bay-area-reps-with-democrats-in-control-of-house-its-time-for-a-gun-control-bill\">Bay Area Reps: With Democrats in Control of House, It’s Time for a Gun Control Bill\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704939/bay-area-reps-with-democrats-in-control-of-house-its-time-for-a-gun-control-bill\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/FriendsHug-1180x835.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Research on links between mental health disorders associated with military service and violent acts leaves an incomplete picture. Impulsive aggression, like getting into fistfights, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=teten%20al%2C%20miller%20la%2C%20stanford%20ms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been tied to PTSD\u003c/a>. But there was no higher likelihood for premeditated aggression in veterans suffering from PTSD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stigma will only alienate them further,” said Dr. Susan Michael with \u003ca href=\"https://ndvets.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Directions for Veterans\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that provides bridge housing and services to veterans in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long didn’t say much about his military experience, Winnett said. Though he was an experienced machine gunner, he didn’t come off as particularly interested in weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He [had] one handgun,” Winnett said. “I’m a gun nut. He wasn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some point, Long’s college plans began to unravel. University officials said he ended up leaving in 2016 without a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a motorcycle accident sometime in 2015 or 2016, Winnett said, that resulted in Long’s mom having to care for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Man, I feel bad for her,” Winnett said. “She is the nicest person. She doesn’t deserve it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long moved in with his mother, Colleen Long, in Newbury Park, a middle-class community of ranch-style homes near Thousand Oaks and a short drive up the rocky coast from Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleen Long used to frequently post photos of her son in uniform on Facebook. One of the last mentions of his name took place on his birthday on March 27, 2016, when she wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>26 years ago my sun was brighten by the birth of my son! Feels like yesterday, Happy Birthday Ian! 😘🍰👏👏\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A few months later, she thanks him for a Swiss army knife he appears to have given her as a gift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s scarcely mentioned among her posts from the last two years, which are filled with photos of dogs, hikes and baseball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long didn’t draw much attention from Ventura County law enforcement in recent years either. There’d been “minor interactions,” including for a traffic collision and once when Long was the victim of battery at a local bar, according to officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighbors described him as quiet until an incident last April that rattled residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember hearing a lot of banging noises … someone pounding,” said Tim Tanner. Someone called the cops and officers swarmed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Long] was just sitting out there talking to an officer,” Tanner recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventura County Sheriff Geoff Dean described Long during the incident as “somewhat irate, acting a little irrationally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They called out our crisis intervention team, our mental health specialists, who met with him, talked to him,” Dean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they didn’t feel it warranted taking him in on a 5150, the code used for involuntary psychiatric commitment of someone deemed a danger to themselves or others. Long had been cleared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "‘He didn't seem like the kind of person who would snap,’ said Blake Winnett, college roommate of mass shooter Ian David Long. But Long's girlfriends expressed concerns about his mental health, Winnett said.",
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"title": "Thousand Oaks Shooter's Health Frayed in College, Roommate Says | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>He was a fit 28-year-old who studied athletic training at Cal State Northridge after serving in the Marines. Not long ago, he was often the subject of his mother’s proud Facebook posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ian David Long was a decorated veteran who served a tour in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday night, Long walked into the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks armed with a handgun shortly after 11:20 p.m., \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704856/12-victims-killed-in-shooting-at-country-music-bar-in-thousand-oaks-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">and started shooting\u003c/a>. The bullets ended when, according to authorities, Long took his own life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then, 12 people were dead, including a Ventura County sheriff’s sergeant who’d been on the phone with his wife when the call for help came. Authorities said he and another deputy exchanged gunfire with Long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 23 more were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704856/12-victims-killed-in-shooting-at-country-music-bar-in-thousand-oaks-california\">Gunman Kills 12 at Bar in Thousand Oaks, Former Napa Student Among Victims\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704856/12-victims-killed-in-shooting-at-country-music-bar-in-thousand-oaks-california\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ap_18312390586056_wide-fa327f2c2b2e8cb9b8c335cd5ce8ae23c1961bf3-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>What drew Long to turn the weapon on a crowd who came to listen to country music and dance — a typical college night at a local hangout — remains unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He didn’t seem like the kind of person who would snap,” said Blake Winnett, Long’s college roommate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winnett said he met Long through Craigslist. He described his former roommate as quiet, paying rent and keeping to himself and his studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he said, it wasn’t all smooth. Winnett said Long’s girlfriends expressed concerns to him about Long’s mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long joined the Marine Corps when he was 18 and married less than a year later. He deployed to Afghanistan in 2010 and stayed seven months, according to Marine Corps officials. Little information was available about his marriage other than the couple separated in 2011, according to court records. They filed for divorce in May 2013, a couple of months after he left the service.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>That same year, Long enrolled in college. Cal State Northridge enrolls a large number of veterans and has a resource center to serve them. School officials were unable to say if Long had ever used those services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Veterans are not 18-year-olds fresh out of high school,” said spokesperson Carmen Ramos Chandler. “They have experienced life in a way that so many of our traditional students have not. So we wanted to provide a place where they felt welcomed, warmly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday afternoon, half a dozen young men were on laptops, chatting, with a television on in the background. None of them knew Ian David Long from his time at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard thing to hear anytime there is a mass shooting. But when it affects young people, it gets personal. We’re a university, that’s who we are,” Chandler said. “People know people who are impacted by this. Our hearts go out to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winnett, Long’s former roommate, said he was concerned that Long might have suffered from PTSD, based on conversations he said Long’s girlfriends had with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts caution, however, about tying possible PTSD to acts of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704939/bay-area-reps-with-democrats-in-control-of-house-its-time-for-a-gun-control-bill\">Bay Area Reps: With Democrats in Control of House, It’s Time for a Gun Control Bill\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704939/bay-area-reps-with-democrats-in-control-of-house-its-time-for-a-gun-control-bill\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/FriendsHug-1180x835.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Research on links between mental health disorders associated with military service and violent acts leaves an incomplete picture. Impulsive aggression, like getting into fistfights, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=teten%20al%2C%20miller%20la%2C%20stanford%20ms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been tied to PTSD\u003c/a>. But there was no higher likelihood for premeditated aggression in veterans suffering from PTSD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stigma will only alienate them further,” said Dr. Susan Michael with \u003ca href=\"https://ndvets.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Directions for Veterans\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that provides bridge housing and services to veterans in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long didn’t say much about his military experience, Winnett said. Though he was an experienced machine gunner, he didn’t come off as particularly interested in weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He [had] one handgun,” Winnett said. “I’m a gun nut. He wasn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some point, Long’s college plans began to unravel. University officials said he ended up leaving in 2016 without a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a motorcycle accident sometime in 2015 or 2016, Winnett said, that resulted in Long’s mom having to care for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Man, I feel bad for her,” Winnett said. “She is the nicest person. She doesn’t deserve it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long moved in with his mother, Colleen Long, in Newbury Park, a middle-class community of ranch-style homes near Thousand Oaks and a short drive up the rocky coast from Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleen Long used to frequently post photos of her son in uniform on Facebook. One of the last mentions of his name took place on his birthday on March 27, 2016, when she wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>26 years ago my sun was brighten by the birth of my son! Feels like yesterday, Happy Birthday Ian! 😘🍰👏👏\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A few months later, she thanks him for a Swiss army knife he appears to have given her as a gift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s scarcely mentioned among her posts from the last two years, which are filled with photos of dogs, hikes and baseball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long didn’t draw much attention from Ventura County law enforcement in recent years either. There’d been “minor interactions,” including for a traffic collision and once when Long was the victim of battery at a local bar, according to officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighbors described him as quiet until an incident last April that rattled residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember hearing a lot of banging noises … someone pounding,” said Tim Tanner. Someone called the cops and officers swarmed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Long] was just sitting out there talking to an officer,” Tanner recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventura County Sheriff Geoff Dean described Long during the incident as “somewhat irate, acting a little irrationally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They called out our crisis intervention team, our mental health specialists, who met with him, talked to him,” Dean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they didn’t feel it warranted taking him in on a 5150, the code used for involuntary psychiatric commitment of someone deemed a danger to themselves or others. Long had been cleared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. County Moves Forward on Stabilizing Rents for 200,000 People",
"title": "L.A. County Moves Forward on Stabilizing Rents for 200,000 People",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than 200,000 people live in rented apartments in unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County. Right now, their landlords can increase rent by however much they want -- but that could soon change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the L.A. County Board of Supervisors passed 4-1 a motion that moves the county toward rent stabilization. If ultimately enacted, the proposed policy would limit annual rent increases to 3 percent each year for residents who live in most of the apartments outside the boundaries of the county's 88 cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County staff now have two months to draft an ordinance that would stabilize rents for approximately 57,000 rental units, while the supervisors develop a more comprehensive tenant protection policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Sheila Kuehl, who authored \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/supdocs/126409.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the motion\u003c/a> the board approved Tuesday, said rent stabilization is a tool county government can use to reduce the number of people who fall into homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689739/oakland-wants-to-tax-vacant-properties-to-help-ease-homelessness\">Oakland Wants to Tax Vacant Properties to Help Ease Homelessness\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689739/oakland-wants-to-tax-vacant-properties-to-help-ease-homelessness\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Photo-1-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Many people say, 'Oh, it's people with mental health issues.' But you can see in all of the literature that those with mental health issues are about a third of the people who are homeless,\" said Kuehl to LAist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The other two-thirds are primarily homeless because of economic issues. In Los Angeles County, that has a great deal to do with how the rents have increased and increased and increased.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuehl pointed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/research/highlights-rent-homelessness-16131/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released last year by Zillow\u003c/a> that found a 5 percent increase in countywide rent correlates to a 3 percent increase in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, only a few cities in L.A. County -- Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Beverly Hills and Santa Monica -- have rent stabilization (RSO) or tenant protection ordinances on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.laist.com/2018/09/11/la_county_rent_stabilization_control_housing.php?_ga=2.174683810.1233916479.1536605086-1338203424.1507589107\">Read the full story via LAist.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 200,000 people live in rented apartments in unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County. Right now, their landlords can increase rent by however much they want -- but that could soon change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the L.A. County Board of Supervisors passed 4-1 a motion that moves the county toward rent stabilization. If ultimately enacted, the proposed policy would limit annual rent increases to 3 percent each year for residents who live in most of the apartments outside the boundaries of the county's 88 cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County staff now have two months to draft an ordinance that would stabilize rents for approximately 57,000 rental units, while the supervisors develop a more comprehensive tenant protection policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Sheila Kuehl, who authored \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/supdocs/126409.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the motion\u003c/a> the board approved Tuesday, said rent stabilization is a tool county government can use to reduce the number of people who fall into homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689739/oakland-wants-to-tax-vacant-properties-to-help-ease-homelessness\">Oakland Wants to Tax Vacant Properties to Help Ease Homelessness\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689739/oakland-wants-to-tax-vacant-properties-to-help-ease-homelessness\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Photo-1-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Many people say, 'Oh, it's people with mental health issues.' But you can see in all of the literature that those with mental health issues are about a third of the people who are homeless,\" said Kuehl to LAist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The other two-thirds are primarily homeless because of economic issues. In Los Angeles County, that has a great deal to do with how the rents have increased and increased and increased.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuehl pointed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/research/highlights-rent-homelessness-16131/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released last year by Zillow\u003c/a> that found a 5 percent increase in countywide rent correlates to a 3 percent increase in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, only a few cities in L.A. County -- Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Beverly Hills and Santa Monica -- have rent stabilization (RSO) or tenant protection ordinances on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.laist.com/2018/09/11/la_county_rent_stabilization_control_housing.php?_ga=2.174683810.1233916479.1536605086-1338203424.1507589107\">Read the full story via LAist.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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