Task Force Says California Textbooks Should Reflect State's Diversity

State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond and legislators on a new task force on inclusive education extracted commitments Wednesday from publishers and vowed more oversight with potential penalties on school boards that resist state policies on inclusive materials.

The task force’s news conference and legislative hearing served as a warning to textbook companies not to retreat under pressure from giving students access to frank and positive portrayals of California’s diverse population — or risk hundreds of millions of dollars in contracts.

“Many of our textbooks haven’t kept up with that diversity. This is a chance to diversify those narratives,” Thurmond said. “This is all happening against the backdrop of where you have governors in other states literally trying to strip out any representation about race, about the experience of LGBTQ+ students, students with disabilities. California’s going in the other direction.”

The session also coincided with heated confrontations this month in some California districts — arguments in Glendale Unified over support of Pride month, and an investigation by the California Department of Education and Attorney General Rob Bonta into the Temecula Valley Unified board’s rejection of a curriculum recommended by a committee of teachers and parents because it mentioned gay activist and leader Harvey Milk.

This week, Assemblymember Mia Bonta, D-Oakland, introduced a bill that would add teeth to the FAIR Education Act, a 2011 law that requires textbooks to include the contributions of racial and ethnic groups and LGBTQ+ people while prohibiting their negative portrayals. Along with expressly prohibiting a school board from contradicting state laws requiring “inclusive policies, practices, and curriculum,” it would authorize a school board to censure and, by a two-thirds vote, oust a member who tried to do so. Bonta’s spouse is the state attorney general.

Thurmond announced the membership of the 10-member task force, co-chaired with Sen. Monique Limon, D-Santa Barbara, with all Democratic legislators, this week. Although the first session focused on school textbooks, Thurmond said the task force would be a source of ideas for developing and advocating for legislation on inclusive practices.

They include AB 5, by task force member Rick Chavez Zbur, an Assemblymember from Santa Monica, and AB 1078, by task force member Corey Jackson, an assemblymember from Perris.

AB 5, backed by the California Teachers Association, would develop training in LGBTQ cultural competency for teachers and administrators.

AB 1078 originally called for school districts to seek state board approval before banning a book from schools or school libraries or seeking to not teach a required curriculum. As currently amended, it would only require the California Department of Education to guide districts and charter schools on how to conduct conversations about race and gender, and how to review instructional materials to ensure they are culturally relevant.

Thurmond, task force members and speakers Wednesday said they’d favor more oversight state of school districts to prevent actions like that of the Temecula Valley Unified board.

“Our students have been asking for the right to not be bullied because they’re LGBTQ+ students. They have been bullied by adults simply for raising their voices for what they believe. There is legislation that will address the actions of these school boards,” said Thurmond. One would impose a fee for any district that bans a book, he said.

“Oversight of curriculum implementation is critical to ensure that all students are seen, respected and valued,” Zbur said. “Representation is crucial for youth who may feel that they are all alone.”

“When districts try to censor history, hold them accountable,” said Don Romesburg, a professor of gender studies and history at Sonoma State. “I know this is a local-control state, and that is wonderful, but that shouldn’t allow ideologues to run roughshod over law, policy and processes based in careful deliberation, public input and scholarship-based evidence.”

Thurmond used the session both to explain why diverse students benefit when they see themselves in instructional materials and to wheedle pledges for inclusivity from the four textbook companies that attended.

“Inclusive education is more than ‘woke education,’ as some have called it. Inclusive education helps our students to have academic success, social success, and to be able to contribute to their communities,” Thurmond said.

A former school board member, Limon said she learned about the Chumash Indians only as an adult. “Never once did I have access to material, to literature, to content that was reflective of the Native people of the place that I was born and grew up in,” she said.

For more than two decades, California history and social studies standards have required attention to the stories, cultures and accurate histories of California’s diverse racial and ethnic groups. The curriculum frameworks that the state board adopted fleshed out the standards grade by grade with samples of lessons.

They provided guidance for publishers to write textbooks, which were then reviewed in a state adoption process. The state’s voluntary model ethnic studies curriculum, the basis for a mandatory course in high school, starting in 2025–26, concentrates on four groups of people: African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans and Native Americans.