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"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/xPhLKARAve4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't always about the grilling and Slip'N Slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, that last glorious slice of summertime that Labor Day has come to represent masks the overlooked turbulent history that led to its establishment in the first place.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nineteenth Century America was a time of rapid industrialization. Many of the nation's urban centers were bursting at the seams, attracting a flood of poor immigrants desperate for work, but vulnerable to exploitation. Growing labor unrest led to a string of major strikes and protests, with workers demanding higher pay, safer working conditions and the right to unionize. The demonstrations often sparked violent clashes with police and private company security forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest, though, proved fruitful. It ultimately led to major improvements for millions of workers, ushering in an era of new labor regulations that included the establishment of an 8-hour workday and laws prohibiting child labor. The reforms also gave rise to a prolonged period of burgeoning union membership, increased wages and a notable rise in the ranks of America's middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This trend continued until the 1970s, when good blue collar jobs, the influence\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/07/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-labor-unions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> of unions\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/05/25/interactive-are-you-in-the-american-middle-class/\">size of the middle class\u003c/a> all began to sharply decline, as more U.S. companies moved their manufacturing to cheaper factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor Day became an official national holiday in 1894 in the aftermath of the notorious \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business-july-dec01-labor_day_9-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pullman Strike\u003c/a>, which was among the largest in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after ordering federal authorities to quell the unrest (resulting in a number of strikers killed), President Grover Cleveland made Labor Day an official holiday as a conciliatory nod to the nation's working class. But eager to distinguish the holiday from the more radical, socialist roots of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/04/29/a-brief-history-of-may-day-the-workers-holiday-not-the-pole/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">May Day\u003c/a> -- an internationally recognized workers day -- Cleveland pushed for an apolitical September date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These two short videos (above and below) provide a good, brief overview of those origins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business-july-dec01-labor_day_9-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PBS\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anthropology-in-practice/2013/08/30/labor-day-its-about-time/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scientific American\u003c/a> feature informative articles on Labor Day's roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/YqmPE2HtkyU\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This trend continued until the 1970s, when good blue collar jobs, the influence\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/07/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-labor-unions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> of unions\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/05/25/interactive-are-you-in-the-american-middle-class/\">size of the middle class\u003c/a> all began to sharply decline, as more U.S. companies moved their manufacturing to cheaper factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor Day became an official national holiday in 1894 in the aftermath of the notorious \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business-july-dec01-labor_day_9-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pullman Strike\u003c/a>, which was among the largest in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after ordering federal authorities to quell the unrest (resulting in a number of strikers killed), President Grover Cleveland made Labor Day an official holiday as a conciliatory nod to the nation's working class. But eager to distinguish the holiday from the more radical, socialist roots of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/04/29/a-brief-history-of-may-day-the-workers-holiday-not-the-pole/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">May Day\u003c/a> -- an internationally recognized workers day -- Cleveland pushed for an apolitical September date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These two short videos (above and below) provide a good, brief overview of those origins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business-july-dec01-labor_day_9-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PBS\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anthropology-in-practice/2013/08/30/labor-day-its-about-time/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scientific American\u003c/a> feature informative articles on Labor Day's roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/YqmPE2HtkyU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/YqmPE2HtkyU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "MAP: It's Equal Pay Day! How Big Is the Gender Wage Gap Where You Live?",
"title": "MAP: It's Equal Pay Day! How Big Is the Gender Wage Gap Where You Live?",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/YtPt2BNWin0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today -- April 4 -- is \"Equal Pay Day.\" It marks the number of days into 2017 (plus all of 2016) that an average American woman would need to work in order to make the same amount that an average man made in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the the gender wage gap has narrowed significantly in the last 50 years, it remains stubbornly high. Nationwide, women are still paid, on average, about 80 cents for every dollar a man makes, according to the National Women's Law Center's \u003ca href=\"https://nwlc.org/issue/equal-pay-and-the-wage-gap/\">analysis \u003c/a>of \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Community Survey wage data\u003c/a>. That gap varies widely by region, and it grows significantly wider for women of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women make up about half the U.S. workforce. They're the main breadwinners in roughly 40 percent of households and have eclipsed men in the number of college and graduate degrees earned, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwlc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NWLC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, on average, women earn less than men in almost every occupation for which there is sufficient wage data. The median wage for full-time male workers in 2014 was $50,383, as compared to $39,621 for women, based on NWLC's analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>By state\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Click on each state in the map below to see what a woman, on average, made for every dollar made by a man in 2014 (the ratio of female to male median earnings for full-time, year-round workers), and the difference that makes annual and over the course of a 40-year career. The map uses 2014 data from the American Community Survey, as collected and analyzed by the National Women's Law Center, an advocacy group (\u003ca href=\"https://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Wage-Gap-State-By-State.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">download the data here\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figures are based on women's and men's 2014 median earnings for full-time, year-round work over a 40-year career, and are not adjusted for inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/9a69916c-002a-11e6-82e6-0e5db1731f59/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Leading the pack was Washington D.C., where female full-time workers made, on average, 89.5 cents for every dollar male workers made. In California, which ranked eighth, women made 84.1 cents for every dollar made by men. Louisiana took up the rear: women there made a mere 65.3 cents for every dollar made by men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/epa.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Equal Pay Act\u003c/a> was passed in 1963, full-time working women made, on average, about 59 cents for every dollar made by men. By 1973, the gap had actually grown wider: women made 57 cents for every dollar men made. Since then, however, the gap has gradually narrowed, although it's remained fairly stagnant since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-17041 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap-400x247.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap-320x198.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Why does the wage gap persist?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Reasons vary widely. Some academic studies argue that the disparity is due mainly to non-discriminatory factors related to division of labor in the home -- including childcare -- that often falls more heavily on women. Because of family-related circumstances, like giving birth, women overall are also more likely than men to have interrupted careers and work part-time, which can result in less-senior positions and lower wages. Additionally, women are still more likely than men to be employed in lower-paying service and support professions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies, however, point to evidence that the gender wage gap persists even after variables like family leave are taken into account, concluding that systemic discrimination remains a primary factor. This is especially notable for women of color, whose average pay is significantly less than white male counterparts. For every dollar that the average white man made in 2014, the average African-American woman made only 60.5 cents, and the average Latina made only 54.6 cents, according \u003ca href=\"http://nwlc.org/resources/wage-gap-state-state/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NWLC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>By profession\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even within the same professions, women today are still paid significantly less, on average, than men. But the pay gap varies dramatically by job, according to NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/02/05/171196714/the-jobs-with-the-biggest-and-smallest-pay-gaps-between-men-and-women\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Money\u003c/a> team, which analyzed at \u003ca href=\"http://www.bls.gov/bls/blswage.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a> data from 2012. The chart below, by Lam Thuy Vo, shows jobs where the wage gap is smallest and largest (based on comparisons of full-time workers). Part of the gap in pay, Vo notes, results from professional decisions some women voluntarily make. She writes: \"Among physicians, for example, women are more likely than men to choose lower-paid specialties (though this does not explain all of the pay gap among doctors).\" It's also interesting to note, writes Vo, that the jobs where the gap is biggest are the one's that pay more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7453\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 616px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/04/jobs-by-gender-616.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-7453 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/04/jobs-by-gender-616.gif\" alt=\"Percentages are based on the median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers. Not all jobs have enough workers for BLS to calculate a meaningful ratio.Source: Bureau of Labor StatisticsCredit: Lam Thuy Vo / NPR\" width=\"616\" height=\"680\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Percentages are based on the median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers. Not all jobs have enough workers for BLS to calculate a meaningful ratio.\u003cbr>Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003cbr>Credit: Lam Thuy Vo / NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/YtPt2BNWin0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/YtPt2BNWin0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Today -- April 4 -- is \"Equal Pay Day.\" It marks the number of days into 2017 (plus all of 2016) that an average American woman would need to work in order to make the same amount that an average man made in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the the gender wage gap has narrowed significantly in the last 50 years, it remains stubbornly high. Nationwide, women are still paid, on average, about 80 cents for every dollar a man makes, according to the National Women's Law Center's \u003ca href=\"https://nwlc.org/issue/equal-pay-and-the-wage-gap/\">analysis \u003c/a>of \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Community Survey wage data\u003c/a>. That gap varies widely by region, and it grows significantly wider for women of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women make up about half the U.S. workforce. They're the main breadwinners in roughly 40 percent of households and have eclipsed men in the number of college and graduate degrees earned, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwlc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NWLC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, on average, women earn less than men in almost every occupation for which there is sufficient wage data. The median wage for full-time male workers in 2014 was $50,383, as compared to $39,621 for women, based on NWLC's analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>By state\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Click on each state in the map below to see what a woman, on average, made for every dollar made by a man in 2014 (the ratio of female to male median earnings for full-time, year-round workers), and the difference that makes annual and over the course of a 40-year career. The map uses 2014 data from the American Community Survey, as collected and analyzed by the National Women's Law Center, an advocacy group (\u003ca href=\"https://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Wage-Gap-State-By-State.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">download the data here\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figures are based on women's and men's 2014 median earnings for full-time, year-round work over a 40-year career, and are not adjusted for inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/9a69916c-002a-11e6-82e6-0e5db1731f59/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Leading the pack was Washington D.C., where female full-time workers made, on average, 89.5 cents for every dollar male workers made. In California, which ranked eighth, women made 84.1 cents for every dollar made by men. Louisiana took up the rear: women there made a mere 65.3 cents for every dollar made by men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/epa.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Equal Pay Act\u003c/a> was passed in 1963, full-time working women made, on average, about 59 cents for every dollar made by men. By 1973, the gap had actually grown wider: women made 57 cents for every dollar men made. Since then, however, the gap has gradually narrowed, although it's remained fairly stagnant since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-17041 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap-400x247.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Wage_Gap-320x198.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Why does the wage gap persist?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Reasons vary widely. Some academic studies argue that the disparity is due mainly to non-discriminatory factors related to division of labor in the home -- including childcare -- that often falls more heavily on women. Because of family-related circumstances, like giving birth, women overall are also more likely than men to have interrupted careers and work part-time, which can result in less-senior positions and lower wages. Additionally, women are still more likely than men to be employed in lower-paying service and support professions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies, however, point to evidence that the gender wage gap persists even after variables like family leave are taken into account, concluding that systemic discrimination remains a primary factor. This is especially notable for women of color, whose average pay is significantly less than white male counterparts. For every dollar that the average white man made in 2014, the average African-American woman made only 60.5 cents, and the average Latina made only 54.6 cents, according \u003ca href=\"http://nwlc.org/resources/wage-gap-state-state/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NWLC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>By profession\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even within the same professions, women today are still paid significantly less, on average, than men. But the pay gap varies dramatically by job, according to NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/02/05/171196714/the-jobs-with-the-biggest-and-smallest-pay-gaps-between-men-and-women\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Money\u003c/a> team, which analyzed at \u003ca href=\"http://www.bls.gov/bls/blswage.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a> data from 2012. The chart below, by Lam Thuy Vo, shows jobs where the wage gap is smallest and largest (based on comparisons of full-time workers). Part of the gap in pay, Vo notes, results from professional decisions some women voluntarily make. She writes: \"Among physicians, for example, women are more likely than men to choose lower-paid specialties (though this does not explain all of the pay gap among doctors).\" It's also interesting to note, writes Vo, that the jobs where the gap is biggest are the one's that pay more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7453\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 616px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/04/jobs-by-gender-616.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-7453 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/04/jobs-by-gender-616.gif\" alt=\"Percentages are based on the median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers. Not all jobs have enough workers for BLS to calculate a meaningful ratio.Source: Bureau of Labor StatisticsCredit: Lam Thuy Vo / NPR\" width=\"616\" height=\"680\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Percentages are based on the median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers. Not all jobs have enough workers for BLS to calculate a meaningful ratio.\u003cbr>Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003cbr>Credit: Lam Thuy Vo / NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Minimum-Wage-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Raising the Minimum Wage (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>More than 4 million low-wage workers started out the new year with a pay hike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minimum wages in 19 states went up on January 1, adding more than $4.2 billion in additional wages, according to an analysis by the liberal-leaning \u003ca href=\"http://www.epi.org/blog/the-new-year-brings-higher-wages-for-4-3-million-workers-across-the-country/\" target=\"_blank\">Economic Policy Institute\u003c/a>. In seven of these states, the increases were modest -- just 5 to 10 cents -- the result of inflation indexing as measured by the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/cpi/\" target=\"_blank\">Consumer Price Index\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the 12 states where wage increases came about through voter approved ballot measures or legislation, minimum wage workers received a significant jump overnight in hourly earnings: anywhere from 40 cents in Michigan and 50 cents in California, to a whopping $1.95 in Arizona. In most of these states, wages will also continue to increase annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>States with minimum wage increases\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>(includes Oregon and Maryland, where wages will increase in July)\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/28e69c3c-d217-11e6-b4df-0e233c30368f/embed\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">Map data sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.epi.org/blog/the-new-year-brings-higher-wages-for-4-3-million-workers-across-the-country/\" target=\"_blank\">Economic Policy Institute\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/state-minimum-wage-chart.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">National Conference of State Legislatures\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-nine states and the District of Columbia have minimum wages higher than the federal minimum, which has stayed at $7.25 since 2009. Additionally, 35 localities -- including Oakland, Berkeley, San Francisco and several other cities in the Bay Area -- have minimum wages well above their state's rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2016 presidential campaign, Democratic candidates Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton both supported a significant raise in the the federal minimum wage, a proposal that most Republican leaders oppose. With President-elect Donald Trump unlikely to support any increase, the federal minimum is probably not going to change anytime soon, leaving future wage increases up to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe class=\"newsbound-embedded\" src=\"//stacker.newsbound.com/stacks/kqed/kqed_wage/editor/embed?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Minimum wage by state (effective Jan. 1, 2017)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/c92d8de0-d244-11e6-a654-0ef24382571b/embed\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Minimum-Wage-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Raising the Minimum Wage (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>More than 4 million low-wage workers started out the new year with a pay hike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minimum wages in 19 states went up on January 1, adding more than $4.2 billion in additional wages, according to an analysis by the liberal-leaning \u003ca href=\"http://www.epi.org/blog/the-new-year-brings-higher-wages-for-4-3-million-workers-across-the-country/\" target=\"_blank\">Economic Policy Institute\u003c/a>. In seven of these states, the increases were modest -- just 5 to 10 cents -- the result of inflation indexing as measured by the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/cpi/\" target=\"_blank\">Consumer Price Index\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the 12 states where wage increases came about through voter approved ballot measures or legislation, minimum wage workers received a significant jump overnight in hourly earnings: anywhere from 40 cents in Michigan and 50 cents in California, to a whopping $1.95 in Arizona. In most of these states, wages will also continue to increase annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>States with minimum wage increases\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>(includes Oregon and Maryland, where wages will increase in July)\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/28e69c3c-d217-11e6-b4df-0e233c30368f/embed\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">Map data sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.epi.org/blog/the-new-year-brings-higher-wages-for-4-3-million-workers-across-the-country/\" target=\"_blank\">Economic Policy Institute\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/state-minimum-wage-chart.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">National Conference of State Legislatures\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-nine states and the District of Columbia have minimum wages higher than the federal minimum, which has stayed at $7.25 since 2009. Additionally, 35 localities -- including Oakland, Berkeley, San Francisco and several other cities in the Bay Area -- have minimum wages well above their state's rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2016 presidential campaign, Democratic candidates Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton both supported a significant raise in the the federal minimum wage, a proposal that most Republican leaders oppose. With President-elect Donald Trump unlikely to support any increase, the federal minimum is probably not going to change anytime soon, leaving future wage increases up to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe class=\"newsbound-embedded\" src=\"//stacker.newsbound.com/stacks/kqed/kqed_wage/editor/embed?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Minimum wage by state (effective Jan. 1, 2017)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/c92d8de0-d244-11e6-a654-0ef24382571b/embed\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Explained: What's The Deal With May Day?",
"title": "Explained: What's The Deal With May Day?",
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"content": "\u003cp>In about 80 countries around the world, May 1, or May Day, is an official labor holiday, marked by worker demonstrations and rallies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you wouldn't know it in much of the United States, where union membership has fallen to its\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/07/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-labor-unions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> lowest point in nearly 80 years\u003c/a> and May Day's significance is all but forgotten (although in recent years, it's become a day of immigrant rights rallies).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's a bit odd, given that International Workers Day, as it's alternately known, is a major milestone in our nation's turbulent labor history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Gilded Age tensions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>During The Gilded Age, which stretched from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the 20th Century, America went through a period of dramatic economic growth and industrialization. It resulted in a huge concentration of wealth and a rapidly growing gap between capital — broadly defined as stockholders, executives and managers who controlled the means of production — and the wage-earning labor force who worked the production lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industrial capitalism yielded larger workplaces, greater use of technology, and a division of the manufacturing process that required less skill and training (sound familiar?). It also posed a direct threat to the individual laborer, who risked becoming an increasingly cheap and replaceable cog in a vastly expanding machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1842\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1842 size-full\" title=\"Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.png\" width=\"650\" height=\"990\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1911 Industrial Worker publication illustration critiquing the capitalist system. (Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The labor movement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It was a period of boom and bust, marked by intermittent economic slowdowns that led to waves of widespread unemployment. And with that, came a growing level of discontent, particularly among new waves of European immigrants who poured into cities in search of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When work was available, it was often far from desirable. In the absence of strong federal work laws, immigrant laborers commonly worked excessively long hours in wretched, dangerous conditions, typically for meager wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, a convention of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions called for a national strike on May 1, 1886. The primary demand: an eight-hour workday.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convention declared:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Eight hours shall constitute a legal day's labour from and after May 1, 1886, and that we recommend to labour organizations throughout this jurisdiction that they so direct their laws as to conform to this resolution by the time named.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of workers in cities across the country participated in the strike, including roughly 80,000 in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago's population was booming. Fueled by an influx of German immigrants, the city's population grew from about 300,000 in 1870 to 1.7 million in 1900. The growing workforce also turned it into a hotbed of radical labor activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-weight: bold\">\u003cstrong style=\"font-weight: bold\">Haymarket Affair\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two days after the demonstrations, police and strikers clashed outside Chicago’s McCormick Reaper Works, leaving two workers dead. In response, a group of anarchist labor leaders organized a rally for the following evening in Chicago’s Haymarket Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event attracted a large crowd, and proceeded peacefully until police arrived and ordered the remaining workers to disperse. As the officers advanced on the crowd, a homemade bomb was thrown, and in the melee that ensued, seven policeman were killed (mostly a result of friendly-fire, according to historical reports). Police fired on the crowd, killing at least four demonstrators and injuring scores more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1836\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/378px-HaymarketMartyrs.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1836\" title=\"378px-HaymarketMartyrs\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/378px-HaymarketMartyrs-300x475.jpg\" width=\"189\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The seven anarchists initially sentenced to death for the murder of a police officer during the Haymarket incident (Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A number of subsequent organizing efforts were violently suppressed by authorities. In a desperate attempt to identify the perpetrators of the Haymarket incident, Chicago authorities captured and convicted eight local labor leaders, despite any concrete evidence of their involvement. Four were hanged, one committed suicide, and three were pardoned six years later by the governor of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real bomber, however, was never identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Haymarket Affair, as the incident became known, marked a temporary setback for the labor movement, it also spurred a fresh wave of activism around the world, particularly among younger workers. Subsequently, membership in labor organizations grew rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>First May Day\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Responding to ongoing pressure for an eight-hour day, the \u003ca title=\"American Federation of Labor\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor\">American Federation of Labor\u003c/a> (AFL) resumed its campaign, planning a general strike for May 1, 1890. AFL president Samuel Gompers enlisted the support of European socialist labor leaders in planning an international day of action to demand a universal eight-hour day. Workers in countries throughout Europe and America rallied in the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>New York World's \u003c/em>front page the next day was devoted entirely t\u003cem>o \u003c/em>the event\u003ci>. \u003c/i>The headlines proclaimed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Parade of Jubilant Workingmen in All the Trade Centers of the Civilized World ... Everywhere the Workmen Join in Demands for a Normal Day\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Times\u003c/em> of London listed 24 European cities where demonstrations had occurred. It also noted events in Cuba, Peru and Chile. Commemoration of May Day became an annual event, as workers in a growing number of nations participated each year. In many countries — especially those with socialist or former-socialist governments — the day still retains strong political significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>May Day's decline in America\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1894, riots erupted during the longstanding \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business-july-dec01-labor_day_9-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pullman Strike\u003c/a> near Chicago, in which workers were killed by federal authorities sent in to quell the walkout. The incident drew national attention, and under pressure to appease the increasingly powerful labor movement, Congress unanimously approved rush legislation to make Labor Day a national holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But eager to separate Labor Day from May Day's more radical roots, President Grover Cleveland pushed for a September date for the holiday. The move helped make May Day increasingly obsolete in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>And finally, the 8-hour day\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fight for the eight-hour day in America persisted through the turn of the century, with ongoing and sometimes violent strikes and labor demonstrations. Incrementally, though, a number of key industries agreed to shorten hours for their workers. 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"description": "In about 80 countries around the world, May 1, or May Day, is an official labor holiday, marked by worker demonstrations and rallies. But you wouldn't know it in much of the United States, where union membership has fallen to its lowest point in nearly 80 years and May Day's significance is all but forgotten (although",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In about 80 countries around the world, May 1, or May Day, is an official labor holiday, marked by worker demonstrations and rallies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you wouldn't know it in much of the United States, where union membership has fallen to its\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/07/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-labor-unions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> lowest point in nearly 80 years\u003c/a> and May Day's significance is all but forgotten (although in recent years, it's become a day of immigrant rights rallies).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's a bit odd, given that International Workers Day, as it's alternately known, is a major milestone in our nation's turbulent labor history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Gilded Age tensions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>During The Gilded Age, which stretched from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the 20th Century, America went through a period of dramatic economic growth and industrialization. It resulted in a huge concentration of wealth and a rapidly growing gap between capital — broadly defined as stockholders, executives and managers who controlled the means of production — and the wage-earning labor force who worked the production lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industrial capitalism yielded larger workplaces, greater use of technology, and a division of the manufacturing process that required less skill and training (sound familiar?). It also posed a direct threat to the individual laborer, who risked becoming an increasingly cheap and replaceable cog in a vastly expanding machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1842\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1842 size-full\" title=\"Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.png\" width=\"650\" height=\"990\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1911 Industrial Worker publication illustration critiquing the capitalist system. (Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The labor movement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It was a period of boom and bust, marked by intermittent economic slowdowns that led to waves of widespread unemployment. And with that, came a growing level of discontent, particularly among new waves of European immigrants who poured into cities in search of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When work was available, it was often far from desirable. In the absence of strong federal work laws, immigrant laborers commonly worked excessively long hours in wretched, dangerous conditions, typically for meager wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, a convention of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions called for a national strike on May 1, 1886. The primary demand: an eight-hour workday.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convention declared:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Eight hours shall constitute a legal day's labour from and after May 1, 1886, and that we recommend to labour organizations throughout this jurisdiction that they so direct their laws as to conform to this resolution by the time named.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of workers in cities across the country participated in the strike, including roughly 80,000 in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago's population was booming. Fueled by an influx of German immigrants, the city's population grew from about 300,000 in 1870 to 1.7 million in 1900. The growing workforce also turned it into a hotbed of radical labor activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-weight: bold\">\u003cstrong style=\"font-weight: bold\">Haymarket Affair\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two days after the demonstrations, police and strikers clashed outside Chicago’s McCormick Reaper Works, leaving two workers dead. In response, a group of anarchist labor leaders organized a rally for the following evening in Chicago’s Haymarket Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event attracted a large crowd, and proceeded peacefully until police arrived and ordered the remaining workers to disperse. As the officers advanced on the crowd, a homemade bomb was thrown, and in the melee that ensued, seven policeman were killed (mostly a result of friendly-fire, according to historical reports). Police fired on the crowd, killing at least four demonstrators and injuring scores more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1836\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/378px-HaymarketMartyrs.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1836\" title=\"378px-HaymarketMartyrs\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/378px-HaymarketMartyrs-300x475.jpg\" width=\"189\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The seven anarchists initially sentenced to death for the murder of a police officer during the Haymarket incident (Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A number of subsequent organizing efforts were violently suppressed by authorities. In a desperate attempt to identify the perpetrators of the Haymarket incident, Chicago authorities captured and convicted eight local labor leaders, despite any concrete evidence of their involvement. Four were hanged, one committed suicide, and three were pardoned six years later by the governor of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real bomber, however, was never identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Haymarket Affair, as the incident became known, marked a temporary setback for the labor movement, it also spurred a fresh wave of activism around the world, particularly among younger workers. Subsequently, membership in labor organizations grew rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>First May Day\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Responding to ongoing pressure for an eight-hour day, the \u003ca title=\"American Federation of Labor\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor\">American Federation of Labor\u003c/a> (AFL) resumed its campaign, planning a general strike for May 1, 1890. AFL president Samuel Gompers enlisted the support of European socialist labor leaders in planning an international day of action to demand a universal eight-hour day. Workers in countries throughout Europe and America rallied in the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>New York World's \u003c/em>front page the next day was devoted entirely t\u003cem>o \u003c/em>the event\u003ci>. \u003c/i>The headlines proclaimed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Parade of Jubilant Workingmen in All the Trade Centers of the Civilized World ... Everywhere the Workmen Join in Demands for a Normal Day\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Times\u003c/em> of London listed 24 European cities where demonstrations had occurred. It also noted events in Cuba, Peru and Chile. Commemoration of May Day became an annual event, as workers in a growing number of nations participated each year. In many countries — especially those with socialist or former-socialist governments — the day still retains strong political significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>May Day's decline in America\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1894, riots erupted during the longstanding \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business-july-dec01-labor_day_9-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pullman Strike\u003c/a> near Chicago, in which workers were killed by federal authorities sent in to quell the walkout. The incident drew national attention, and under pressure to appease the increasingly powerful labor movement, Congress unanimously approved rush legislation to make Labor Day a national holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But eager to separate Labor Day from May Day's more radical roots, President Grover Cleveland pushed for a September date for the holiday. The move helped make May Day increasingly obsolete in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>And finally, the 8-hour day\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fight for the eight-hour day in America persisted through the turn of the century, with ongoing and sometimes violent strikes and labor demonstrations. Incrementally, though, a number of key industries agreed to shorten hours for their workers. In 1916, Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamson_Act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adamson Act\u003c/a>, the first federal law to regulate the hours of workers in private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two decades later, Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/statutes/FairLaborStandAct.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Labor Standards Act\u003c/a>, setting the maximum workweek at 40 hours for a wide range of industries . It also required employers to pay overtime bonuses in certain professions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California lawmakers voted on Thursday to gradually raise the statewide minimum wage to $15 by 2022. Gov. Jerry Brown is expected to approve the pay hike.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/31/minimum-wage-deal-passes-first-legislative-hurdle\" target=\"_blank\">The agreement\u003c/a>, intended to avoid a similar voter initiative that recently qualified for the November 2016 ballot, would raise the state's current $10 minimum wage by 50-cents in 2017 and 2018, and then $1 a year thereafter until it hit $15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through our interactive explainer to dig into the ongoing national debate over whether the lowest paid workers in our economy deserve a raise. [Article continues below graphic.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the interactive isn't showing up in your browser, refresh page \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/03/10/minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/kqed/kqed_wage/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>In the Classroom\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Relevant ELA/SS Standards (9-12):\u003c/em>\t \t\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7\u003c/strong>: Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.7\u003c/strong> Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Social Studies Curricular Links (based on:\u003cem>The American Vision, CA Edition (McGraw Hill/Glencoe, 2006\u003c/em>):\u003c/em>\t \t\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1933-1939\u003cbr>\n• The New Frontier and the Great Society, 1961-1968\u003cbr>\n• The Politics of Protest, 1960-1980\u003cbr>\n• Politics and Economics, 1971-1980\u003cbr>\n• Political Behavior: Government by the People\u003cbr>\n• Legislative Branch/Executive Branch\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The proposed voter initiative would raise the state minimum wage to $15 as well, but by 2021, one year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If either is approved, it would mark California's third minimum wage hike since 2014. California would also become the first state in the nation to adopt a $15 an hour minimum wage. 5.6 million low-wage earners would be affected by the pay increase, additional average annual earnings of $3,700, according to \u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/15-minimum-wage-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley Labor Center study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Thursday, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo and state legislative leaders announced an a budget agreement that would raise the minimum wage in New York City to $15 by the end of 2018, with slower increases elsewhere throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California lawmakers voted on Thursday to gradually raise the statewide minimum wage to $15 by 2022. Gov. Jerry Brown is expected to approve the pay hike.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/31/minimum-wage-deal-passes-first-legislative-hurdle\" target=\"_blank\">The agreement\u003c/a>, intended to avoid a similar voter initiative that recently qualified for the November 2016 ballot, would raise the state's current $10 minimum wage by 50-cents in 2017 and 2018, and then $1 a year thereafter until it hit $15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through our interactive explainer to dig into the ongoing national debate over whether the lowest paid workers in our economy deserve a raise. [Article continues below graphic.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the interactive isn't showing up in your browser, refresh page \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/03/10/minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/kqed/kqed_wage/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>In the Classroom\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Relevant ELA/SS Standards (9-12):\u003c/em>\t \t\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7\u003c/strong>: Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.7\u003c/strong> Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Social Studies Curricular Links (based on:\u003cem>The American Vision, CA Edition (McGraw Hill/Glencoe, 2006\u003c/em>):\u003c/em>\t \t\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1933-1939\u003cbr>\n• The New Frontier and the Great Society, 1961-1968\u003cbr>\n• The Politics of Protest, 1960-1980\u003cbr>\n• Politics and Economics, 1971-1980\u003cbr>\n• Political Behavior: Government by the People\u003cbr>\n• Legislative Branch/Executive Branch\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The proposed voter initiative would raise the state minimum wage to $15 as well, but by 2021, one year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If either is approved, it would mark California's third minimum wage hike since 2014. California would also become the first state in the nation to adopt a $15 an hour minimum wage. 5.6 million low-wage earners would be affected by the pay increase, additional average annual earnings of $3,700, according to \u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/15-minimum-wage-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley Labor Center study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Thursday, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo and state legislative leaders announced an a budget agreement that would raise the minimum wage in New York City to $15 by the end of 2018, with slower increases elsewhere throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nA single person in California needs to earn, \u003cem>on average,\u003c/em> about $12.30/hour working full time to cover basic living expenses. Add a kid to the mix, and that rate rises sharply to more than $25/hour. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to the \u003ca href=\"http://livingwage.mit.edu/states/06\" target=\"_blank\">Living Wage Calculator\u003c/a> created by Amy K. Glasmeier, a professor of urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Using data from various government agencies, her team calculated \"living wage\" rates for different household types in each state, county and major metropolitan area across the nation, then compared those rates to regional minimum wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Living wage,\" as defined by Glasmeier, is the amount an individual needs to earn (before taxes) to cover all basic household expense (food + healthcare + housing + transportation + childcare + other necessities). The rate is based on full-time work (2,080 hours per year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As her findings underscore, a significant gap often exists between a region's minimum wage and its living wage. It's a discrepancy that's recently been highlighted by protests among low-wage workers, as well as the growing number of cities and states that have raised their own minimum wages in the absence of federal legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mapped here are living wages for three types of households: single adult, single parent with one child and a parent with a non-working spouse and two children. Mouseover the map to view rates by county or major metropolitan area. For two-adult households, it assumes that one adult is the sole earner and the other a caregiver. Note that the map has not been updated to reflect California's Jan. 2016 wage increase (to $10/hr), or recently raised minimum wages in certain cities like San Francisco and Oakland. View full-screen version \u003ca href=\"http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>. [Article continues below map.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/\" width=\"1100\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Glasmeier notes, these results should be considered the minimum cost threshold; they are likely an underestimate, especially for metropolitan and other higher cost regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are estimates of how much each adult earner in various-sized California households would need to earn in order to pay for basic monthly living expenses. Keep in mind that these figures are estimated statewide averages. The actual cost of living in California, of course, varies significantly by region. Whereas rent in Stockton may be lower than what's shown here, San Francisco's average rent is, well, fuggedaboutit!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Additional methodology summarized below the charts and explained in greater detail \u003ca href=\"http://livingwage.mit.edu/pages/about\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//infogr.am/Monthly-Expenses-in-California\" width=\"600\" height=\"2500\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methodology (as explained by MIT's Glasmeier):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"The calculator lists typical expenses, the living wage and typical wages for the selected location ... The tool is designed to provide a minimum estimate of the cost of living for low wage families. The estimates do not reflect a middle class standard of living. The realism of the estimates depend on the type of community under study. Metropolitan counties are typically locations of high cost. In such cases, the calculator is likely to underestimate costs such as housing and child care. Consider the results a minimum cost threshold that serves as a benchmark, but only that. Users can substitute local data when available to generate more nuanced estimates. Adjustments to account for local conditions will provide greater realism and potentially increase the accuracy of the tool. As developed, the tool is meant to provide one perspective on the cost of living in America.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nA single person in California needs to earn, \u003cem>on average,\u003c/em> about $12.30/hour working full time to cover basic living expenses. Add a kid to the mix, and that rate rises sharply to more than $25/hour. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to the \u003ca href=\"http://livingwage.mit.edu/states/06\" target=\"_blank\">Living Wage Calculator\u003c/a> created by Amy K. Glasmeier, a professor of urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Using data from various government agencies, her team calculated \"living wage\" rates for different household types in each state, county and major metropolitan area across the nation, then compared those rates to regional minimum wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Living wage,\" as defined by Glasmeier, is the amount an individual needs to earn (before taxes) to cover all basic household expense (food + healthcare + housing + transportation + childcare + other necessities). The rate is based on full-time work (2,080 hours per year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As her findings underscore, a significant gap often exists between a region's minimum wage and its living wage. It's a discrepancy that's recently been highlighted by protests among low-wage workers, as well as the growing number of cities and states that have raised their own minimum wages in the absence of federal legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mapped here are living wages for three types of households: single adult, single parent with one child and a parent with a non-working spouse and two children. Mouseover the map to view rates by county or major metropolitan area. For two-adult households, it assumes that one adult is the sole earner and the other a caregiver. Note that the map has not been updated to reflect California's Jan. 2016 wage increase (to $10/hr), or recently raised minimum wages in certain cities like San Francisco and Oakland. View full-screen version \u003ca href=\"http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>. [Article continues below map.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/\" width=\"1100\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Glasmeier notes, these results should be considered the minimum cost threshold; they are likely an underestimate, especially for metropolitan and other higher cost regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are estimates of how much each adult earner in various-sized California households would need to earn in order to pay for basic monthly living expenses. Keep in mind that these figures are estimated statewide averages. The actual cost of living in California, of course, varies significantly by region. Whereas rent in Stockton may be lower than what's shown here, San Francisco's average rent is, well, fuggedaboutit!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Additional methodology summarized below the charts and explained in greater detail \u003ca href=\"http://livingwage.mit.edu/pages/about\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//infogr.am/Monthly-Expenses-in-California\" width=\"600\" height=\"2500\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methodology (as explained by MIT's Glasmeier):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"The calculator lists typical expenses, the living wage and typical wages for the selected location ... The tool is designed to provide a minimum estimate of the cost of living for low wage families. The estimates do not reflect a middle class standard of living. The realism of the estimates depend on the type of community under study. Metropolitan counties are typically locations of high cost. In such cases, the calculator is likely to underestimate costs such as housing and child care. Consider the results a minimum cost threshold that serves as a benchmark, but only that. Users can substitute local data when available to generate more nuanced estimates. Adjustments to account for local conditions will provide greater realism and potentially increase the accuracy of the tool. As developed, the tool is meant to provide one perspective on the cost of living in America.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the sage words of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUugQoxS8_o\" target=\"_blank\">Alice Cooper\u003c/a>: \"School's out for summer \" (if not forever).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means millions of young people around the country are suddenly on the job hunt, flooding the labor market to make a quick buck in the dog days of summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of 16- to 24-year-olds working or actively looking for work grows sharply this time of year, as large numbers of high\u003cbr>\nschool and college students search for summer jobs, and recent graduates enter the labor market to find permanent employment. Between April and July 2014, the number of youth workers jumped from about 2 million to more than 20 million, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bls.gov/news.release/youth.nr0.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But summer youth unemployment remains stubbornly high, at roughly three times the national unemployment rate. And for 16- to 19-year-olds, that rate is significantly higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/07/02/327058018/a-lost-generation-of-workers-the-cost-of-youth-unemployment\" target=\"_blank\">NPR story\u003c/a> last summer warned of a “lost generation of workers,” reporting that nearly 5.8 million youth were neither in school or employed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"highcharts-iframe\" src=\"//cloud.highcharts.com/embed/ygicuv\" style=\"border: 0; width: 100%; height: 400px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, typically the summertime peak of youth employment, just over 50 percent of the youth work force (16- to 24-year-olds) was employed, up slightly from the previous year, according to the BLS. White youth were employed at the highest rate (63.2%), followed by Hispanics (56.2%), blacks (52.9%) and Asians (45.8%).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 25 percent of all employed youth worked in the leisure and hospitality industry (including food services) and 19 percent in retail trades, the two largest youth employment sectors, the BLS reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youth unemployment rate, which was hit particularly hard between 2008 and 2010 (during the recession), has actually declined in recent years: in July 2014, about 20 percent of 16- to 19-year-olds looking for work were unemployed, down from a peak of nearly 26 percent in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hardest part is having the employers be open-minded that this is a job that’s helping this individual,” says John Tran, a guidance counselor in \u003ca href=\"http://shop55.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland High School's Wellness Center\u003c/a>, who helps place students in jobs and internships. Despite the San Francisco Bay Area's recent boom, low-skilled jobs for youth can be hard to find, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18461\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 308px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-18461\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM-400x383.png\" alt=\"From the Brookings Institution\" width=\"308\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM-400x383.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM.png 629w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Metropolitan areas with the highest and lowest employment rates of teens aged 16-19 among the nation’s 100 largest metropolitan areas, 2010-2011 (courtesy of the Brookings Institution)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, the rate of employment for 16- to 19-year-olds in the Bay Area was one of the lowest of any major metro region in the nation in 2010-11, according to an analysis by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2014/03/14-youth-workforce/Youth_Workforce_Report_FINAL.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\">Brookings Institution\u003c/a> of American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tran says the most sought after summer jobs are at popular radio stations (public radio not included), Footlocker, and music and clothing retailers. The positions he helps students find generally have a leadership focus, pairing teens with elementary school sites, after-school programs and summer camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students typically find jobs by word of mouth, Tran adds. Youth non-profit organizations also offer good job resources and opportunities for inexperienced workers. But the jobs posted to online job clearinghouses, he notes, often list far more qualifications than the average high school student will realistically have.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Some Bay Area job resources for youth\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://www.yep.org\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Employment Partnership \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/CityAdministration/d/EconomicDevelopment/o/WorkforceDevelopment/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Workforce Investment Board\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://www.myeep.org\" target=\"_blank\">Mayor’s Youth Employment and Education Program\u003c/a> (SF)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://sfsummerjobs.org\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Summer Jobs\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthatwork.org\" target=\"_blank\">Youth@Work\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the sage words of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUugQoxS8_o\" target=\"_blank\">Alice Cooper\u003c/a>: \"School's out for summer \" (if not forever).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means millions of young people around the country are suddenly on the job hunt, flooding the labor market to make a quick buck in the dog days of summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of 16- to 24-year-olds working or actively looking for work grows sharply this time of year, as large numbers of high\u003cbr>\nschool and college students search for summer jobs, and recent graduates enter the labor market to find permanent employment. Between April and July 2014, the number of youth workers jumped from about 2 million to more than 20 million, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bls.gov/news.release/youth.nr0.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But summer youth unemployment remains stubbornly high, at roughly three times the national unemployment rate. And for 16- to 19-year-olds, that rate is significantly higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/07/02/327058018/a-lost-generation-of-workers-the-cost-of-youth-unemployment\" target=\"_blank\">NPR story\u003c/a> last summer warned of a “lost generation of workers,” reporting that nearly 5.8 million youth were neither in school or employed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"highcharts-iframe\" src=\"//cloud.highcharts.com/embed/ygicuv\" style=\"border: 0; width: 100%; height: 400px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, typically the summertime peak of youth employment, just over 50 percent of the youth work force (16- to 24-year-olds) was employed, up slightly from the previous year, according to the BLS. White youth were employed at the highest rate (63.2%), followed by Hispanics (56.2%), blacks (52.9%) and Asians (45.8%).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 25 percent of all employed youth worked in the leisure and hospitality industry (including food services) and 19 percent in retail trades, the two largest youth employment sectors, the BLS reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youth unemployment rate, which was hit particularly hard between 2008 and 2010 (during the recession), has actually declined in recent years: in July 2014, about 20 percent of 16- to 19-year-olds looking for work were unemployed, down from a peak of nearly 26 percent in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hardest part is having the employers be open-minded that this is a job that’s helping this individual,” says John Tran, a guidance counselor in \u003ca href=\"http://shop55.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland High School's Wellness Center\u003c/a>, who helps place students in jobs and internships. Despite the San Francisco Bay Area's recent boom, low-skilled jobs for youth can be hard to find, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18461\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 308px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-18461\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM-400x383.png\" alt=\"From the Brookings Institution\" width=\"308\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM-400x383.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/Screen-shot-2015-06-10-at-12.55.38-PM.png 629w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Metropolitan areas with the highest and lowest employment rates of teens aged 16-19 among the nation’s 100 largest metropolitan areas, 2010-2011 (courtesy of the Brookings Institution)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, the rate of employment for 16- to 19-year-olds in the Bay Area was one of the lowest of any major metro region in the nation in 2010-11, according to an analysis by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2014/03/14-youth-workforce/Youth_Workforce_Report_FINAL.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\">Brookings Institution\u003c/a> of American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tran says the most sought after summer jobs are at popular radio stations (public radio not included), Footlocker, and music and clothing retailers. The positions he helps students find generally have a leadership focus, pairing teens with elementary school sites, after-school programs and summer camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students typically find jobs by word of mouth, Tran adds. Youth non-profit organizations also offer good job resources and opportunities for inexperienced workers. But the jobs posted to online job clearinghouses, he notes, often list far more qualifications than the average high school student will realistically have.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Some Bay Area job resources for youth\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://www.yep.org\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Employment Partnership \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/CityAdministration/d/EconomicDevelopment/o/WorkforceDevelopment/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Workforce Investment Board\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://www.myeep.org\" target=\"_blank\">Mayor’s Youth Employment and Education Program\u003c/a> (SF)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://sfsummerjobs.org\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Summer Jobs\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthatwork.org\" target=\"_blank\">Youth@Work\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16333\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 604px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/Walmart.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-16333\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/Walmart-640x376.jpg\" alt=\"Walmart employees demonstrate outside a store in Pico Rivera, California in 2012. (Courtesy of UFCW International Union)\" width=\"604\" height=\"355\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wal-Mart employees demonstrate outside a store in Pico Rivera, California in 2012. (Courtesy of UFCW International Union)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About half a million Wal-Mart employees are getting a much needed pay raise. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wage hike is expected to set Wal-Mart back about $1 billion, a hefty sum for sure, but a relative drop in the bucket compared to the company's market capitalization (total dollar market value of all its outstanding shares), \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/wmt\" target=\"_blank\">estimated at\u003c/a> almost $275 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wal-Mart also announced plans to revise parts of its oft-criticized employee-scheduling process. The current system attempts to match employee supply to customer demand. This leaves many of its workers in the lurch by not providing regularly scheduled hours, instead requiring many of them to remain on call without any certainty about how many hours -- and how much pay -- they'll get from week to week. Although vague on the specifics, the company said it will start \"providing associates a more transparent, accessible schedule,\" and by 2016 will offer \"some associates\" fixed schedules each week with two-and-a-half weeks advance notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We dig into the debate over dollars and cents in this interactive explainer produced by \u003ca href=\"http://newsbound.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Newsbound\u003c/a>. You can scroll through the whole presentation at once, or view specific chapters by selecting the table of contents button on the bottom left of the screen. Sources for each slide are also included at the bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"newsbound-embedded\" src=\"http://content.newsbound.com/public/kqed/kqed_wage/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" width=\"620\" height=\"349\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(\u003ca href=\"http://content.newsbound.com/public/kqed/kqed_wage/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">View mobile/fullscreen version here\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Relevant ELA and Social Studies CCSS Standards\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7\u003c/strong>: Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.7\u003c/strong> Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.W.9\u003c/strong>: Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.7\u003c/strong>: Integrate quantitative or technical analysis (e.g., charts, research data) with qualitative analysis in print or digital text.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Integrate this topic into the following high school social studies units\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>US History\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>(based on:\u003cem>The American Vision, CA Edition (McGraw Hill/Glencoe, 2006\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1933-1939\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• The New Frontier and the Great Society, 1961-1968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• The Politics of Protest, 1960-1980\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Politics and Economics, 1971-1980\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Resurgence of Conservatism, 1980-1992\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>US Government\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>(based on: \u003cem>American Government, Prentice Hall, 2006, CA Edition)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Unit 2 - Political Behavior: Government by the People\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Unit 3 - The Legislative Branch\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Unit 4 - The Executive Branch\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Unit 6 - Comparative Political and Economic Systems\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Economics\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n(based on: \u003cem>Econ Alive! TCI, 2010\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Unit 4 - Economics of the Public Sector\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Unit 5 - Measuring and Managing the Economy\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"order": 8
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},
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"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"hidden-brain": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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