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Before she was a teacher, Rachel was a journalist in the East Bay.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d0516373a400e4059f65bd29bc026a20?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"lowdown","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"education","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"challenges","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Rachel Roberson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d0516373a400e4059f65bd29bc026a20?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d0516373a400e4059f65bd29bc026a20?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rroberson"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"lowdown_30833":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30833","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"30833","score":null,"sort":[1524703337000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1524703337,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"It's Really Happening! This Is What KQED's Youth Takeover Looks Like","title":"It's Really Happening! This Is What KQED's Youth Takeover Looks Like","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>The first-ever \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/youth-takeover\">Youth Takeover of KQED News\u003c/a> is in full swing. From students’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11663152/ptsd-stories-from-oakland-teens\">personal experiences\u003c/a> with post traumatic stress to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922899/the-little-known-farming-method-that-saves-water\">future of farming\u003c/a> (hint: it involves lots of fish poop), Bay Area youth are being featured on air and online throughout this week (April 23 to 27).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in February, students at 10 Bay Area high schools pitched story ideas to KQED journalists and staff. About 20 stories will hit the airwaves and another 60 are featured on KQED.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on each school in the map below to see a rich array of stories produced by a diverse group of students from across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/d24e67d4-2d59-4a75-afde-21fce63869fa/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Hannah Shin, 17, a junior at Santa Clara High School, adding her voice to the Youth Takeover was a welcome departure from her “normal” life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of my waking moments are centered on academics,” Shin said. “But writing my very own \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/perspectives/201601137112/accented-identity\">Perspective\u003c/a> for the radio? And having it featured on a platform that everyone in the Bay Area listens to? It was exciting and thrilling and nerve-wracking all at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Youth Takeover, student journalists reported on stories from their schools, neighborhoods and personal experiences, touching on major issues like immigration, homelessness, mental health, cultural identity and the future of the California dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chance to share her story with a wider audience was a powerful learning experience for Vaidehi Dandekar, 14, a freshman at El Cerrito High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Participating in KQED's Youth Takeover meant so much to me,\" said Dandekar, who recorded a piece on how yoga has shaped multiple generations of her family. \"It offered the opportunity to share my view on something I really cared about.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re reading this during Youth Takeover week, you may have already heard youth voices on the daily newscast at 6:22 am and commentary on \u003ci>Perspectives \u003c/i>at 6:43 and 8:43 am. The Takeover will culminate on Friday, with youth co-hosting \u003ci>Forum \u003c/i>and \u003ci>The Do List\u003c/i> (at 6:22 am; 8:22 am). Youth voices will also be featured prominently on \u003ci>The California Report Magazine\u003c/i> (4:30 pm; 6:30 pm; 11 pm) and \u003ci>KQED Newsroom\u003c/i> (7 pm, KQED Channel 9).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s empowering to use our platforms to broadcast and elevate the voices of our youth community,” said Ariana Proehl, KQED’s youth media manager. “Their story ideas are at the forefront of the Youth Takeover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out all \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/youth-takeover\">Youth Takeover content\u003c/a> from our on-air programs.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"30833 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30833","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/04/25/kqeds-youth-takeover/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":431,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/d24e67d4-2d59-4a75-afde-21fce63869fa/embed"],"paragraphCount":14},"modified":1525286796,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"The first-ever Youth Takeover of KQED News is in full swing. From students’ personal experiences with post traumatic stress to the future of farming (hint: it involves lots of fish poop), Bay Area youth are being featured on air and online throughout this week (April 23 to 27). Back in February, students at 10 Bay","title":"It's Really Happening! This Is What KQED's Youth Takeover Looks Like | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"It's Really Happening! This Is What KQED's Youth Takeover Looks Like","datePublished":"2018-04-25T17:42:17-07:00","dateModified":"2018-05-02T11:46:36-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kqeds-youth-takeover","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/30833/kqeds-youth-takeover","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first-ever \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/youth-takeover\">Youth Takeover of KQED News\u003c/a> is in full swing. From students’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11663152/ptsd-stories-from-oakland-teens\">personal experiences\u003c/a> with post traumatic stress to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922899/the-little-known-farming-method-that-saves-water\">future of farming\u003c/a> (hint: it involves lots of fish poop), Bay Area youth are being featured on air and online throughout this week (April 23 to 27).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in February, students at 10 Bay Area high schools pitched story ideas to KQED journalists and staff. About 20 stories will hit the airwaves and another 60 are featured on KQED.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on each school in the map below to see a rich array of stories produced by a diverse group of students from across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/d24e67d4-2d59-4a75-afde-21fce63869fa/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Hannah Shin, 17, a junior at Santa Clara High School, adding her voice to the Youth Takeover was a welcome departure from her “normal” life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of my waking moments are centered on academics,” Shin said. “But writing my very own \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/perspectives/201601137112/accented-identity\">Perspective\u003c/a> for the radio? And having it featured on a platform that everyone in the Bay Area listens to? It was exciting and thrilling and nerve-wracking all at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Youth Takeover, student journalists reported on stories from their schools, neighborhoods and personal experiences, touching on major issues like immigration, homelessness, mental health, cultural identity and the future of the California dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chance to share her story with a wider audience was a powerful learning experience for Vaidehi Dandekar, 14, a freshman at El Cerrito High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Participating in KQED's Youth Takeover meant so much to me,\" said Dandekar, who recorded a piece on how yoga has shaped multiple generations of her family. \"It offered the opportunity to share my view on something I really cared about.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re reading this during Youth Takeover week, you may have already heard youth voices on the daily newscast at 6:22 am and commentary on \u003ci>Perspectives \u003c/i>at 6:43 and 8:43 am. The Takeover will culminate on Friday, with youth co-hosting \u003ci>Forum \u003c/i>and \u003ci>The Do List\u003c/i> (at 6:22 am; 8:22 am). Youth voices will also be featured prominently on \u003ci>The California Report Magazine\u003c/i> (4:30 pm; 6:30 pm; 11 pm) and \u003ci>KQED Newsroom\u003c/i> (7 pm, KQED Channel 9).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s empowering to use our platforms to broadcast and elevate the voices of our youth community,” said Ariana Proehl, KQED’s youth media manager. “Their story ideas are at the forefront of the Youth Takeover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out all \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/youth-takeover\">Youth Takeover content\u003c/a> from our on-air programs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30833/kqeds-youth-takeover","authors":["11274"],"categories":["lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2656","lowdown_2658"],"featImg":"lowdown_30838","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_30398":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30398","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"30398","score":null,"sort":[1521671205000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1521671205,"format":"video","disqusTitle":"How to Stop a Nuclear War: The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Explained","title":"How to Stop a Nuclear War: The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Explained","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>A 50-year-old compromise that helped pull the world back from the brink of nuclear disaster now faces an uncertain future (as does the world).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)\u003c/a>, signed in 1968 by the United States, Russia and other major world powers, stipulated that countries with nuclear weapons would take steps to reduce their stockpiles, and those without wouldn't attempt to acquire any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a last ditch effort to stem the spread of nuclear weapons technology and reduce the risk of catastrophic nuclear war, particularly between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/abovethenoise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video points out, the treaty didn't stop proliferation altogether, but it did help dramatically slow down the nuclear arms race of the Cold War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, 16 nations agreed to abandon their budding nuclear programs. Nearly every nation in the world has now signed on to it (with a handful of notable exceptions). And while Russian and the U.S. still posess the vast majority of the world's nuclear weapons, the total number of warheads worldwide has dropped sharply: there are roughly 15,000 today, down from around 70,000 in the 1980s. Only nine nations are currently known to have them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/Lesson-Plan_-Nukes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nuclear weapons lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But with U.S.-Russian tensions again on the rise, and both of its hawkish leaders increasingly determined to rebuild their nuclear arsenals, the NPT faces its biggest challenge yet. That’s particularly worrisome given the pace of nuclear weapons development in North Korea and Iran, two of the countries that are not part of the deal and who both pose some degree of threat to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore this collection of multimedia resources produced by the \u003ca class=\"processed\" href=\"http://cfr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Council on Foreign Relations\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"processed\" href=\"http://www.mediastorm.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MediaStorm\u003c/a>, to learn more about the history of the NPT and where it may be headed. It includes a series of interactive timelines and a map -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View a full-screen version of the interactive here\u003c/a>. Below that is a nuts-and-bolts rundown of the NPT and how it works, based on an analysis by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nti.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nuclear Threat Initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who's involved (and who isn't)?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There are currently 190 state parties to the NPT, making it the most widely adhered-to arms control treaty in history.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The NPT designates five parties as \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=Nuclear-weapon%20states\">nuclear-weapon states\u003c/a> (NWS): China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. All five detonated a nuclear device before January 1, 1967. The 185 other signatories are classified as \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=Non-nuclear%20weapon%20state\">non-nuclear-weapon states\u003c/a> (NNWS). The NPT is effectively a “grand bargain” between the nuclear “haves” and “have-nots.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There are only four states that never signed the treaty: India, Israel, Pakistan, and newly independent South Sudan. The first three states all have nuclear weapons, but because they did not detonate a nuclear explosive device before January 1, 1967, they are not technically considered Nuclear Weapons States under the NPT. Joining the treaty would require them to eliminate their nuclear arsenals. South Africa underwent this process in 1991, when it relinquished its nuclear weapons and joined the NPT.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>North Korea withdrew from the NPT in Jan. 2003, the only nation to walk away from the treaty.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was the NPT created to do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The treaty aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries while ensuring that non-nuclear weapon states have access to peaceful nuclear technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The NPT has three “pillars” or core objectives: disarmament (reducing stockpiles), nonproliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The treaty’s ultimate goal is the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>As part of the treaty, the five nuclear states agree to not transfer nuclear weapons to non-nuclear states or encourage them to acquire these weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The non-nuclear signatories agree to not build, acquire, possess, or seek to obtain nuclear weapons or receive transfers of nuclear weapons or any other nuclear explosive devices from anyone; they can still develop peaceful nuclear technology, but must agree to international inspections to verify that nuclear material is not used to manufacture weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is the treaty maintained and enforced?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Every five years, state parties gather for a review conference to assess the implementation of the treaty and identify future steps and priorities. States who believe that the treaty jeopardizes their supreme national interests may withdraw from the NPT. But they must give notice to other parties of the NPT and the \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=United%20Nations%20Security%20Council\">United Nations Security Council\u003c/a>. Their withdrawal enters into force three months after this advance notice.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Non-nuclear weapons states in the treaty are required to allow the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iaea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Atomic Energy Agency \u003c/a>to inspect their civil nuclear facilities and ensure that nuclear material is not being diverted for purposes other than energy generation. In nuclear states, these safeguards only apply under a \"voluntary offer agreement.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"30398 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30398","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/03/21/how-to-stop-a-nuclear-war-the-non-proliferation-treaty-explained/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":847,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation"],"paragraphCount":13},"modified":1521760088,"excerpt":"How the Non-Proliferation Treaty helped prevent nuclear war and where we go from here.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"How the Non-Proliferation Treaty helped prevent nuclear war and where we go from here.","title":"How to Stop a Nuclear War: The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Explained | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How to Stop a Nuclear War: The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Explained","datePublished":"2018-03-21T15:26:45-07:00","dateModified":"2018-03-22T16:08:08-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-to-stop-a-nuclear-war-the-non-proliferation-treaty-explained","status":"publish","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/0jfv-uvwF14","path":"/lowdown/30398/how-to-stop-a-nuclear-war-the-non-proliferation-treaty-explained","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 50-year-old compromise that helped pull the world back from the brink of nuclear disaster now faces an uncertain future (as does the world).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)\u003c/a>, signed in 1968 by the United States, Russia and other major world powers, stipulated that countries with nuclear weapons would take steps to reduce their stockpiles, and those without wouldn't attempt to acquire any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a last ditch effort to stem the spread of nuclear weapons technology and reduce the risk of catastrophic nuclear war, particularly between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/abovethenoise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video points out, the treaty didn't stop proliferation altogether, but it did help dramatically slow down the nuclear arms race of the Cold War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, 16 nations agreed to abandon their budding nuclear programs. Nearly every nation in the world has now signed on to it (with a handful of notable exceptions). And while Russian and the U.S. still posess the vast majority of the world's nuclear weapons, the total number of warheads worldwide has dropped sharply: there are roughly 15,000 today, down from around 70,000 in the 1980s. Only nine nations are currently known to have them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/Lesson-Plan_-Nukes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nuclear weapons lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But with U.S.-Russian tensions again on the rise, and both of its hawkish leaders increasingly determined to rebuild their nuclear arsenals, the NPT faces its biggest challenge yet. That’s particularly worrisome given the pace of nuclear weapons development in North Korea and Iran, two of the countries that are not part of the deal and who both pose some degree of threat to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore this collection of multimedia resources produced by the \u003ca class=\"processed\" href=\"http://cfr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Council on Foreign Relations\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"processed\" href=\"http://www.mediastorm.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MediaStorm\u003c/a>, to learn more about the history of the NPT and where it may be headed. It includes a series of interactive timelines and a map -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View a full-screen version of the interactive here\u003c/a>. Below that is a nuts-and-bolts rundown of the NPT and how it works, based on an analysis by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nti.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nuclear Threat Initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who's involved (and who isn't)?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There are currently 190 state parties to the NPT, making it the most widely adhered-to arms control treaty in history.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The NPT designates five parties as \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=Nuclear-weapon%20states\">nuclear-weapon states\u003c/a> (NWS): China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. All five detonated a nuclear device before January 1, 1967. The 185 other signatories are classified as \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=Non-nuclear%20weapon%20state\">non-nuclear-weapon states\u003c/a> (NNWS). The NPT is effectively a “grand bargain” between the nuclear “haves” and “have-nots.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There are only four states that never signed the treaty: India, Israel, Pakistan, and newly independent South Sudan. The first three states all have nuclear weapons, but because they did not detonate a nuclear explosive device before January 1, 1967, they are not technically considered Nuclear Weapons States under the NPT. Joining the treaty would require them to eliminate their nuclear arsenals. South Africa underwent this process in 1991, when it relinquished its nuclear weapons and joined the NPT.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>North Korea withdrew from the NPT in Jan. 2003, the only nation to walk away from the treaty.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was the NPT created to do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The treaty aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries while ensuring that non-nuclear weapon states have access to peaceful nuclear technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The NPT has three “pillars” or core objectives: disarmament (reducing stockpiles), nonproliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The treaty’s ultimate goal is the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>As part of the treaty, the five nuclear states agree to not transfer nuclear weapons to non-nuclear states or encourage them to acquire these weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The non-nuclear signatories agree to not build, acquire, possess, or seek to obtain nuclear weapons or receive transfers of nuclear weapons or any other nuclear explosive devices from anyone; they can still develop peaceful nuclear technology, but must agree to international inspections to verify that nuclear material is not used to manufacture weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is the treaty maintained and enforced?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Every five years, state parties gather for a review conference to assess the implementation of the treaty and identify future steps and priorities. States who believe that the treaty jeopardizes their supreme national interests may withdraw from the NPT. But they must give notice to other parties of the NPT and the \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=United%20Nations%20Security%20Council\">United Nations Security Council\u003c/a>. Their withdrawal enters into force three months after this advance notice.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Non-nuclear weapons states in the treaty are required to allow the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iaea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Atomic Energy Agency \u003c/a>to inspect their civil nuclear facilities and ensure that nuclear material is not being diverted for purposes other than energy generation. In nuclear states, these safeguards only apply under a \"voluntary offer agreement.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30398/how-to-stop-a-nuclear-war-the-non-proliferation-treaty-explained","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618","lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2651"],"featImg":"lowdown_30440","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_30275":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30275","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"30275","score":null,"sort":[1521073346000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1521073346,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Too Young to Vote, Old Enough to Act: A Brief History of Major Youth-Led Movements","title":"Too Young to Vote, Old Enough to Act: A Brief History of Major Youth-Led Movements","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umH3-Y5kuKU]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of students around the Bay Area participated in school walkouts Wednesday to demand stricter gun laws, part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000005794215/students-are-walking-out-to-protest-gun-violence-heres-their-videos.html?ribbon-ad-idx=5&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context®ion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nationwide string of student demonstrations\u003c/a> spurred by last month's mass shooting at a Florida high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the latest and most widespread indication that a youth-led movement, initially started by the survivors of the shooting, has taken hold nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Almost immediately after 17 students and faculty were shot to death at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. on Feb. 14, a group of student survivors turned horrific tragedy into a powerful call to action. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students took to the streets and the airwaves, demanding local and national officials tighten notoriously loose state and national gun laws that allowed the troubled 19-year-old shooting suspect to so easily purchase a military-style assault rifle. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/Youth-Activism-is-Nothing-New-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youth-led Movements lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/07/learning/lesson-plans/the-power-to-change-the-world-a-teaching-unit-on-student-activism-in-history-and-today.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NY Times Learning Network: Student Activism in History and Today\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Within four days of the shooting, the students had come up with a name for their movement (Never Again), a policy demand (stricter background checks for gun buyers), and a date for a nationwide protest in Washington, D.C. (the March for Our Lives, scheduled for March 24th).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s an impressive feat of activism by a notably resilient group of high school students, most too young to vote.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In their coverage of the emerging movement, many news outlets conveyed a sense of surprise that young people would so strongly assert themselves and take leadership on an issue that directly affects them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But they shouldn’t be. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is hardly the first time high school students have led the charge in pushing for nationwide reforms. In fact, the nascent Never Again movement follows in a long tradition of middle and high school students who, despite being too young to vote, have helped lead landmark social and political movements. Among the most recent (and often overlooked) examples include the young people on the frontline of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/columnists/glanton/ct-met-florida-teens-black-lives-matter-dahleen-glanton-20180223-story.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Black Lives Matter \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">movement\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/09/09/dreamers-daca-learned-to-play-politics-215588\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dreamers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> activists fighting for immigration reform, and the group of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/magazine/the-youth-group-that-launched-a-movement-at-standing-rock.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">American Indian youth\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> who helped spark the Standing Rock movement in South Dakota last winter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through this timeline to explore just a handful of the many movements led by young folks, 18 and under, that helped shape the society we live in today. Note that this is far from an exhaustive list, so if we’ve overlooked a major movement that you think deserves inclusion, please let us know!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1Gb0pxJvQFAmOaIixYPzljrM2iCTysEkOwV3rJBbA97A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VIEW FULL-SCREEN VERSION HERE\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1Gb0pxJvQFAmOaIixYPzljrM2iCTysEkOwV3rJBbA97A&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=800\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800</p> <div>0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As University of Oklahoma professor Kathryn Schumaker noted in a recent \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2018/02/21/why-the-parkland-students-make-such-powerful-activists/?utm_term=.657a8e4e6c4d\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Washington Post commentary\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, student protesters have long risked disciplinary action or worse to force the nation to have difficult conversations about the future they stand to inherit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Young people often have a greater sense of the possibilities for change than their elders do and less concern about the short-term consequences of seeking long-term reforms,” she writes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>WATCH: \u003ca href=\"https://studentreportinglabs.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PBS Student Reporting Labs\u003c/a> on youth reactions to the shooting\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n[vimeo 257306572 w=640 h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","disqusIdentifier":"30275 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30275","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/03/14/the-kids-are-all-right-a-timeline-of-youth-led-movements-that-changed-the-nation/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":545,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"paragraphCount":18},"modified":1556660329,"excerpt":"There's nothing new about youth-led movements in America. ","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"There's nothing new about youth-led movements in America. ","title":"Too Young to Vote, Old Enough to Act: A Brief History of Major Youth-Led Movements | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Too Young to Vote, Old Enough to Act: A Brief History of Major Youth-Led Movements","datePublished":"2018-03-14T17:22:26-07:00","dateModified":"2019-04-30T14:38:49-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-kids-are-all-right-a-timeline-of-youth-led-movements-that-changed-the-nation","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/30275/the-kids-are-all-right-a-timeline-of-youth-led-movements-that-changed-the-nation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/umH3-Y5kuKU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/umH3-Y5kuKU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of students around the Bay Area participated in school walkouts Wednesday to demand stricter gun laws, part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000005794215/students-are-walking-out-to-protest-gun-violence-heres-their-videos.html?ribbon-ad-idx=5&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context®ion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nationwide string of student demonstrations\u003c/a> spurred by last month's mass shooting at a Florida high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the latest and most widespread indication that a youth-led movement, initially started by the survivors of the shooting, has taken hold nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Almost immediately after 17 students and faculty were shot to death at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. on Feb. 14, a group of student survivors turned horrific tragedy into a powerful call to action. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students took to the streets and the airwaves, demanding local and national officials tighten notoriously loose state and national gun laws that allowed the troubled 19-year-old shooting suspect to so easily purchase a military-style assault rifle. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/Youth-Activism-is-Nothing-New-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youth-led Movements lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/07/learning/lesson-plans/the-power-to-change-the-world-a-teaching-unit-on-student-activism-in-history-and-today.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NY Times Learning Network: Student Activism in History and Today\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Within four days of the shooting, the students had come up with a name for their movement (Never Again), a policy demand (stricter background checks for gun buyers), and a date for a nationwide protest in Washington, D.C. (the March for Our Lives, scheduled for March 24th).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s an impressive feat of activism by a notably resilient group of high school students, most too young to vote.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In their coverage of the emerging movement, many news outlets conveyed a sense of surprise that young people would so strongly assert themselves and take leadership on an issue that directly affects them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But they shouldn’t be. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is hardly the first time high school students have led the charge in pushing for nationwide reforms. In fact, the nascent Never Again movement follows in a long tradition of middle and high school students who, despite being too young to vote, have helped lead landmark social and political movements. Among the most recent (and often overlooked) examples include the young people on the frontline of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/columnists/glanton/ct-met-florida-teens-black-lives-matter-dahleen-glanton-20180223-story.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Black Lives Matter \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">movement\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/09/09/dreamers-daca-learned-to-play-politics-215588\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dreamers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> activists fighting for immigration reform, and the group of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/magazine/the-youth-group-that-launched-a-movement-at-standing-rock.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">American Indian youth\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> who helped spark the Standing Rock movement in South Dakota last winter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through this timeline to explore just a handful of the many movements led by young folks, 18 and under, that helped shape the society we live in today. Note that this is far from an exhaustive list, so if we’ve overlooked a major movement that you think deserves inclusion, please let us know!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1Gb0pxJvQFAmOaIixYPzljrM2iCTysEkOwV3rJBbA97A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VIEW FULL-SCREEN VERSION HERE\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1Gb0pxJvQFAmOaIixYPzljrM2iCTysEkOwV3rJBbA97A&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=800\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800</p> <div>0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As University of Oklahoma professor Kathryn Schumaker noted in a recent \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2018/02/21/why-the-parkland-students-make-such-powerful-activists/?utm_term=.657a8e4e6c4d\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Washington Post commentary\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, student protesters have long risked disciplinary action or worse to force the nation to have difficult conversations about the future they stand to inherit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Young people often have a greater sense of the possibilities for change than their elders do and less concern about the short-term consequences of seeking long-term reforms,” she writes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>WATCH: \u003ca href=\"https://studentreportinglabs.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PBS Student Reporting Labs\u003c/a> on youth reactions to the shooting\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"vimeo","attributes":{"named":{"w":"640","h":"360","label":"257306572"},"numeric":["257306572"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30275/the-kids-are-all-right-a-timeline-of-youth-led-movements-that-changed-the-nation","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_1","lowdown_243"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2644"],"featImg":"lowdown_30309","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_30190":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30190","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"30190","score":null,"sort":[1519286002000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1519286002,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"How Much Does Presidential Popularity Really Matter?","title":"How Much Does Presidential Popularity Really Matter?","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"944\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1.jpg 944w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-160x122.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-800x610.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-768x586.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-240x183.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-375x286.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-520x397.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px\">\u003c/a>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the presidential popularity pageant, President Trump isn’t faring so well.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003ch4>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Using The Lowdown and Above the Noise in the Classroom\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28023 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/hands.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"100\">\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Ideas for analysis, discussion and multimedia projects. Browse our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lesson archive here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28152 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan.png 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">\u003cstrong>Teach\u003c/strong>: An \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/Lesson-Plan_-Teen-Popularity.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original lesson plan\u003c/a> on teen and presidential popularity and \u003cem>a\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/Source-List_-Teen-Popularity.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">list of sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, less than 40 percent of Americans, on average, approved of the job he was doing throughout his first year in office, according to the nonpartisan \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://news.gallup.com/poll/226154/trump-first-year-job-approval-worst-points.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gallup polling agency\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. That’s more than 10 points lower than any other elected president’s first-year average rating since the opinion-research firm started keeping tabs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since 1945, Gallup has asked\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a scientific sampling of the American electorate on a near-daily basis: “Do you approve or disapprove of the way [name] is handling his job as president?” (It recently switched from daily to weekly surveys).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In other words, Trump is, at this point, the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://news.gallup.com/poll/226154/trump-first-year-job-approval-worst-points.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">least-approved-of president\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in modern history. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ever obsessed with ratings, Trump has long boasted of a large and growing base of support, and consistently calls the polling numbers a sham. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Any negative polls are fake news,” he \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/828574430800539648\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tweeted\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> last February, after a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/03/politics/donald-trump-approval-rating/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CNN/ORC International poll\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that he’d begun his presidency with an approval rating of just 44 percent (by contrast, George W. Bush started with 58 percent and Barack Obama with 76.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: none;\" title=\"Presidential Popularity\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/039d8602-1796-43cb-81b9-a87516921f47?src=embed\" width=\"900\" height=\"835\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trump's unprecedented level of unpopularity from his very first day on the job isn't entirely surprising. After all, he was elected president despite losing the popular vote; roughly 3 million more people voted for his opponent, Hillary Clinton. And the ongoing investigation into his campaign's possible collusion with Russia, hasn't done wonders for his popular appeal, nor has his \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inherently incendiary nature or \u003c/span>propensity to attract conflict and controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not to say that a president can't rebound from low first-year approval ratings. Take Bill Clinton, whose popularity \u003ca href=\"http://news.gallup.com/poll/116584/presidential-approval-ratings-bill-clinton.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dropped sharply during his first year in office\u003c/a>, but rose fairly steadily thereafter. He left office seven years later with an approval rate of about 65 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video on popularity in high school explains, there are two main types of popularity in a social context: status and likability. Status refers to someone's power and influence over others, whereas likability is a measure of how much other people genuinely like you. Those with strong status may have a commanding presence, but often maintain only loose, tenuous friendships with others, and may be more prone to isolation and anxiety later in life. Strong likability, on the other hand, yields deep, lasting friendships and results more often in a greater sense of self-worth and more positive social and professional relationships in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/TGk_gOx8YTQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Trump is the President of the United States, not the captain of his high football team, and his approval is determined by much more than just his status (which is pretty strong) and his likability (not so strong). Personality still plays a role in the president's approval ratings, but it's how the public perceives of the kind of job he's doing that really has the most impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And low marks aside, Trump has scored some pretty \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/29/donald-trump-polls-meaningless-greenfield-215986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant victories\u003c/a> during his short stint in office and been strikingly effective in dramatically changing the nation's course from the one charted by his predecessor. In just over a year in office, he has slashed many of the environmental and financial regulations established by President Obama, and has appointed industry lobbyists and staunch regulatory critics to head key government oversight agencies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He has also successfully pushed through an unpopular tax bill that heavily favors the wealthy and guts a key part of Obamacare. And he has helped reshape the judiciary, appointing a staunch conservative to the Supreme Court and placing \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/5066679/donald-trump-federal-judges-record/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">four times as many\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> federal appeals judges as Obama did in his first year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which begs the question: Does the president's popularity (or lack thereof) really matter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If history is any guide, low approval ratings early aren't necessarily a death knell, but can certainly come back to haunt a president and his party. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trump is still the leader of the Republican Party, but lacks the clout of a president with widespread popular support. That means Republican leaders in \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Congress may become less willing to advance his legislative priorities and more likely to challenge his command. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there are the upcoming midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional elections are by and large referendums on the president and his party, which almost always loses seats. Historically, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/08/21/we-asked-the-experts-what-do-trumps-low-approval-ratings-actually-mean/?utm_term=.03082b4e97f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> lower the president's approval rating\u003c/a> at that point, the more seats lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only two postwar presidents have gone into the midterms with approval ratings below 40 percent: Truman in 1946, when Democrats lost 55 seats, and George W. Bush in 2006, when Republicans lost 34 seats. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">None of which bodes well for Trump and his party come November. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the president's low approval rating has helped embolden Democrats and has inspired political participation and enthusiasm on the left, as evidenced by the formation of prominent grass-roots political groups, especially ones led by women. Since Trump took office, there has also been a surge of new Democratic candidates and a spike of Democratic voters in special elections.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"30190 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30190","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/02/21/presidential-popularity-how-much-does-it-really-matter/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":921,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://e.infogram.com/039d8602-1796-43cb-81b9-a87516921f47"],"paragraphCount":24},"modified":1520629533,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"How Much Does Presidential Popularity Really Matter? | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Much Does Presidential Popularity Really Matter?","datePublished":"2018-02-21T23:53:22-08:00","dateModified":"2018-03-09T13:05:33-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"presidential-popularity-how-much-does-it-really-matter","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/30190/presidential-popularity-how-much-does-it-really-matter","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"944\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1.jpg 944w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-160x122.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-800x610.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-768x586.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-240x183.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-375x286.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/presidential-popularity-3-1-520x397.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px\">\u003c/a>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the presidential popularity pageant, President Trump isn’t faring so well.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003ch4>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Using The Lowdown and Above the Noise in the Classroom\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28023 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/hands.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"100\">\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Ideas for analysis, discussion and multimedia projects. Browse our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lesson archive here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28152 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan.png 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">\u003cstrong>Teach\u003c/strong>: An \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/Lesson-Plan_-Teen-Popularity.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original lesson plan\u003c/a> on teen and presidential popularity and \u003cem>a\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/Source-List_-Teen-Popularity.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">list of sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, less than 40 percent of Americans, on average, approved of the job he was doing throughout his first year in office, according to the nonpartisan \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://news.gallup.com/poll/226154/trump-first-year-job-approval-worst-points.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gallup polling agency\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. That’s more than 10 points lower than any other elected president’s first-year average rating since the opinion-research firm started keeping tabs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since 1945, Gallup has asked\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a scientific sampling of the American electorate on a near-daily basis: “Do you approve or disapprove of the way [name] is handling his job as president?” (It recently switched from daily to weekly surveys).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In other words, Trump is, at this point, the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://news.gallup.com/poll/226154/trump-first-year-job-approval-worst-points.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">least-approved-of president\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in modern history. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ever obsessed with ratings, Trump has long boasted of a large and growing base of support, and consistently calls the polling numbers a sham. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Any negative polls are fake news,” he \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/828574430800539648\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tweeted\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> last February, after a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/03/politics/donald-trump-approval-rating/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CNN/ORC International poll\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that he’d begun his presidency with an approval rating of just 44 percent (by contrast, George W. Bush started with 58 percent and Barack Obama with 76.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: none;\" title=\"Presidential Popularity\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/039d8602-1796-43cb-81b9-a87516921f47?src=embed\" width=\"900\" height=\"835\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trump's unprecedented level of unpopularity from his very first day on the job isn't entirely surprising. After all, he was elected president despite losing the popular vote; roughly 3 million more people voted for his opponent, Hillary Clinton. And the ongoing investigation into his campaign's possible collusion with Russia, hasn't done wonders for his popular appeal, nor has his \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inherently incendiary nature or \u003c/span>propensity to attract conflict and controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not to say that a president can't rebound from low first-year approval ratings. Take Bill Clinton, whose popularity \u003ca href=\"http://news.gallup.com/poll/116584/presidential-approval-ratings-bill-clinton.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dropped sharply during his first year in office\u003c/a>, but rose fairly steadily thereafter. He left office seven years later with an approval rate of about 65 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video on popularity in high school explains, there are two main types of popularity in a social context: status and likability. Status refers to someone's power and influence over others, whereas likability is a measure of how much other people genuinely like you. Those with strong status may have a commanding presence, but often maintain only loose, tenuous friendships with others, and may be more prone to isolation and anxiety later in life. Strong likability, on the other hand, yields deep, lasting friendships and results more often in a greater sense of self-worth and more positive social and professional relationships in the future.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/TGk_gOx8YTQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/TGk_gOx8YTQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Of course, Trump is the President of the United States, not the captain of his high football team, and his approval is determined by much more than just his status (which is pretty strong) and his likability (not so strong). Personality still plays a role in the president's approval ratings, but it's how the public perceives of the kind of job he's doing that really has the most impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And low marks aside, Trump has scored some pretty \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/29/donald-trump-polls-meaningless-greenfield-215986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant victories\u003c/a> during his short stint in office and been strikingly effective in dramatically changing the nation's course from the one charted by his predecessor. In just over a year in office, he has slashed many of the environmental and financial regulations established by President Obama, and has appointed industry lobbyists and staunch regulatory critics to head key government oversight agencies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He has also successfully pushed through an unpopular tax bill that heavily favors the wealthy and guts a key part of Obamacare. And he has helped reshape the judiciary, appointing a staunch conservative to the Supreme Court and placing \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/5066679/donald-trump-federal-judges-record/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">four times as many\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> federal appeals judges as Obama did in his first year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which begs the question: Does the president's popularity (or lack thereof) really matter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If history is any guide, low approval ratings early aren't necessarily a death knell, but can certainly come back to haunt a president and his party. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trump is still the leader of the Republican Party, but lacks the clout of a president with widespread popular support. That means Republican leaders in \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Congress may become less willing to advance his legislative priorities and more likely to challenge his command. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there are the upcoming midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional elections are by and large referendums on the president and his party, which almost always loses seats. Historically, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/08/21/we-asked-the-experts-what-do-trumps-low-approval-ratings-actually-mean/?utm_term=.03082b4e97f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> lower the president's approval rating\u003c/a> at that point, the more seats lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only two postwar presidents have gone into the midterms with approval ratings below 40 percent: Truman in 1946, when Democrats lost 55 seats, and George W. Bush in 2006, when Republicans lost 34 seats. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">None of which bodes well for Trump and his party come November. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the president's low approval rating has helped embolden Democrats and has inspired political participation and enthusiasm on the left, as evidenced by the formation of prominent grass-roots political groups, especially ones led by women. Since Trump took office, there has also been a surge of new Democratic candidates and a spike of Democratic voters in special elections.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30190/presidential-popularity-how-much-does-it-really-matter","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2648"],"featImg":"lowdown_30227","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_29793":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_29793","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"29793","score":null,"sort":[1517470050000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1517470050,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Inside America's Devastating Opioid Epidemic: How It Started and Where It's Hitting Hardest","title":"Inside America's Devastating Opioid Epidemic: How It Started and Where It's Hitting Hardest","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/opioid_overdose.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-30064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/opioid_overdose.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"991\" height=\"791\">\u003c/a>The United States is dealing with the deadliest drug epidemic it has ever experienced.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/The-Opioid-Epidemic-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Opioid Epidemic Lesson Plan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Nearly 64,000 Americans died from drug overdoses in 2016, far exceeding the number of deaths from car crashes or guns, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db294.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the most recent data\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The rate of overdose deaths was 21 percent higher than in 2015, making it the leading cause of death for Americans under 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">soaring death rate\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is largely due to a spike in the abuse of opioids -- including heroin and prescription painkillers -- which accounted for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about two-thirds\u003c/a> of all drug overdose deaths. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2014/02/04/health/how-heroin-kills/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Overdoses become deadly\u003c/a> when users fall asleep and their respiratory drive shuts down. In other words, their bodies forget to breathe. Opioid overdoses can \u003c/span>also lead to dramatic \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002861.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dips in blood pressure\u003c/a> and cause \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19304418/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart failure.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And while certain regions have been hit particularly hard, the epidemic has touched nearly \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">every corner of the country, wreaking havoc among rich and poor communities alike in rural, suburban and urban areas.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30037\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-768x463.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-240x145.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-375x226.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Among the more than 64,000 estimated drug overdose deaths in 2016, the sharpest increase occurred among deaths related to fentanyl and synthetic opioids, with over 20,000 overdose deaths. Source: CDC WONDER \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates\" target=\"_blank\">National Institute on Drug Abuse\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>What are opioids?\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opioids include any drugs that work on \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">opioid receptors\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the proteins in our brains and spinal cords that control our reactions to pain and pleasure. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The term“opioids” refers to the very broad class of highly addictive drugs -- both legal and illegal -- that impact the body’s opioid receptors by blocking pain and sparking pleasurable sensations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morphine, methadone, hydrocodone (Vicodin), and oxycodone (OxyContin) are all popularly prescribed opioids, often used to treat chronic pain. Heroin, which is derived from morphine, has long been one of the most dangerous and commonly used illegal opioids. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/5/8/15454832/fentanyl-carfentanil-opioid-epidemic\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fentanyl\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a synthetic (man-made) opioid that’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50 to 100 times more potent than morphine, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can be medically prescribed to treat severe pain, but it is now being \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">illegally produced and sold on the street at an alarming rate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a wide spectrum of opioid users -- many who take prescription drugs responsibly, with the consent of a doctor, to manage pain. However, an\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DetTabs-2016/NSDUH-DetTabs-2016.pdf\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estimated\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 12 million people currently abuse prescription opioids, which means they take them without a prescription or in larger amounts and for longer than prescribed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/oHlaz0kQlRE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>How did this become an epidemic?\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The U.S. health care industry underwent a gradual shift in the 1980s and 1990s -- due in part to a number of influential articles in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1700150#t=article\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">medical journals \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-- in the way health care providers approached pain management. Opioids had \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/health/opioid-addiction-history/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">long been recognized as highly addictive\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and were largely used primarily to treat intense pain from cancer and other severe illnesses. But based on a growing consensus that chronic pain was not being treated effectively, health care providers were increasingly expected to\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jointcommission.org/joint_commission_statement_on_pain_management/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> more routinely \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">assess their patients’ pain levels\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This change in approach happened alongside more\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622774/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aggressive marketing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tactics by big drug companies in an effort to sell opioid medications for non-cancer-related pain. This fueled a dramatic increase in the number of opioid prescriptions that doctors were giving to their patients. A class of drugs that was almost exclusively reserved for cancer patients was now being prescribed to a much wider group of patients experiencing various forms of chronic pain. In 2010, at the peak of this trend, there were more opioid prescriptions than residents in some\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/maps/rxcounty2010.html\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">counties\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, particularly in rural areas in the Rust Belt, the South and the Pacific Northwest. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As prescription pills flooded into communities throughout the country, many people got hooked through a steady supply from friends, family members and drug dealers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since then, opioid prescription rates have declined, due in part to changes in policy and medical standards. But the overdose death rate has not followed suit. The once abundant supply of prescription opioids has been largely replaced by an influx of rampant abuse of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/relationship-between-prescription-drug-abuse-heroin-use/heroin-use-driven-by-its-low-cost-high-availability\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">heroin\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and illegally produced fentanyl, drugs that cost less, produce more intense highs and are much easier to get on the street.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>Who is most affected by the crisis?\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opioid addiction is no longer limited to rural areas --\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/31/opioid-abuse-started-as-a-rural-epidemic-its-now-a-national-one/?utm_term=.b639b8d88f1b\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">new research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows many suburbs and cities are now facing similar opioid abuse rates.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prescription opioid\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0054496\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">overdose rates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tend to be higher in older adults, while heroin overdose rates are higher in younger populations. And although more men currently die from drug overdoses, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/advocacy/opioid-addiction-disease-facts-figures.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">women\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are now dying from prescription opioids and heroin abuse at a rapidly increasing rate.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, in contrast to the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s, which hit poor, black, urban communities the hardest, the opioid crisis disproportionately affects\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/overdose.html\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">white Americans\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. And many point to this\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/there-was-no-wave-of-compassion-when-addicts-were-hooked-on-crack\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">racial divide\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a key impetus for the dramatic shift in the way that lawmakers today are addressing the issue. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 1980s and 1990s, leaders from both parties waged a\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/04/a-timeline-of-the-rise-and-fall-of-tough-on-crime-drug-sentencing/360983/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“war on drugs”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> -- passing laws that criminalized illicit substances and imposed increasingly strict prison sentences on drug users and dealers. Compare that with the softer approach more commonly taken now , one that focuses on rehabilitation rather than criminalization, as evidenced by President Trump’s recent\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/26/us/politics/trump-opioid-crisis.html?mtrref=www.google.com\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">declaration\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the opioid crisis as a “public health emergency.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two maps below compare estimated age-adjusted drug overdose death rates per county in 1999 and 2016, as provided by the CDC. In 1999, the nationwide drug overdose death rate was 6.1 per 100,000 population (just under 17,000 actual deaths). In 2016, it had risen to 19.8 per 100,000 (63,632 deaths), an almost 275 percent increase. Although the crisis reaches across the nation, areas of Appalachia and the Southwest and Northwest have been particularly hard hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the second map, click on individual counties for localized data, including the estimated number of actual deaths. The data includes all drug-related overdose deaths (of which opioids were the cause of about two-thirds). To see county-specific data for 1999 deaths on the second map, deselect \"2016 Overdose Deaths\" in the lefthand layers window. In the second map, you can also search and zoom in to specific locations by clicking the magnifying glass button on the bottom left and entering a place name or Zip Code\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/charukukreja/project-data/blob/master/compare.html\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"false\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://ckukreja.carto.com/builder/127aa432-81a4-406b-9aec-b81c328093f7/embed?state=%7B%22map%22%3A%7B%22ne%22%3A%5B15.368949896534705%2C-153.89648437500003%5D%2C%22sw%22%3A%5B58.309488840677645%2C-49.21875000000001%5D%2C%22center%22%3A%5B40.111688665595956%2C-101.55761718750001%5D%2C%22zoom%22%3A4%7D%7D\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/drug-poisoning-mortality/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>What’s being done to try to slow the epidemic?\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ending the epidemic is a massive undertaking that by most accounts is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/1/23/16909984/trump-opioid-epidemic-2017\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">just getting started\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Opioids, both legal and illegal, remain widely available, and the epidemic continues to claim about \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-health-202/2017/10/27/the-health-202-there-s-a-no-brainer-way-to-solve-the-opioid-crisis/59f2058830fb0468e7653dc0/?utm_term=.657238654e2e\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100 lives per day\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. There is a shortage of affordable drug treatment programs in every state, and the federal government has been slow to allocate money to the crisis. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ending an opioid addiction is often physically painful and can be incredibly difficult to manage. Until recently, many people believed that effective withdrawal treatment required extended stays in residential treatment facilities, a costly approach that many patients and public health institutions simply can't afford. It's also one that commonly focuses on abstinence, a strategy that's\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proved to not be consistently effective for long-term recovery\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More recent evidence, however, has shown that o\u003c/span>pioid addiction can often be more successfully treated in non-residential primary care situations, especially with the use of closely monitored \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/opinion/treating-opioid-addiction.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medication-assisted treatment options\u003c/a> like methadone or buprenorphine -- both forms of opioids themselves -- a strategy that's significantly cheaper and far less disruptive to patients' lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many health care workers view addiction as a medical condition, not a moral failing or criminal act, Yet possessing illegal opioids like heroin and fentanyl still comes with the risk of arrest and jail time. The epidemic won’t end, most \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/opinion/op-ed/article179382496.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">experts agree\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, without also treating the underlying causes that lead people to opioids in the first place, including prevalent mental health issues. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Federal, state and local governments have taken some steps to treat current addicts as well as stanch the flow of opioids into communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/4KLfZtHYBgA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Public health emergency: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last October, President Trump declared the opioid epidemic a “public health emergency,” which gives states more flexibility to use federal funds to fight opioid addiction and boost prevention efforts. However, the latest federal budget calls for only a 1 percent increase in federal funding for all drug prevention efforts, and Trump has yet to appoint a “drug czar” to lead the fight against the epidemic. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>New limits on opioid prescriptions:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Opioid prescriptions have been \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/8/1/15746780/opioid-epidemic-end\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">declining since 2010\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Some states, like New Jersey, have limited the number of opioids that doctors can prescribe. Other states, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/1/23/16909984/trump-opioid-epidemic-2017\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">backed by the Justice Department\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, have threatened to jail doctors who overprescribe the drugs. The CDC recently released guidelines asking doctors not to prescribe opioids for chronic pain. Despite these efforts, prescription opioids are still widely available. In 2016, there were still enough opioid pills prescribed \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/opinion/opioid-epidemic-health-care-bill.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to fill a bottle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for every adult in the U.S. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cutting off the supply of illegal opioids: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In January, Trump signed the INTERDICT Act, which further empowers border patrol and customs officers to detect and stop illegal shipments of fentanyl.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Increased access to anti-overdosing drugs:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Walgreens announced last October that it would stock Narcan, a nasal spray that can reverse a drug overdose. The spray will be available without an individual prescription in 45 states. CVS offers the spray in 43 states, also prescription-free. Narcan costs about $125 per dose. Its active ingredient is naloxone, which is also available in auto-inject form. But as demand for naloxone has increased, so has its \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/26/560180901/walgreens-stocks-narcan-opioid-overdose-spray-in-all-pharmacies\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">price\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The auto-inject format called Evzio now costs thousands of dollars, although price breaks have been negotiated by first responders and insurance companies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"viz1517546524838\" class=\"tableauPlaceholder\" style=\"position: center;\">\u003cnoscript>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/drug-poisoning-mortality/\">\u003cimg alt=\" \" src=\"https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Dr/DrugPoisoningMortality1999-2016/U_S_Trends/1_rss.png\" style=\"border: none\">\u003c/a>\u003c/noscript>\u003cobject class=\"tableauViz\" style=\"display: none;\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\">\u003cparam name=\"host_url\" value=\"https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F\">\u003cparam name=\"embed_code_version\" value=\"3\">\u003cparam name=\"site_root\" value=\"\">\u003cparam name=\"name\" value=\"DrugPoisoningMortality1999-2016/U_S_Trends\">\u003cparam name=\"tabs\" value=\"no\">\u003cparam name=\"toolbar\" value=\"no\">\u003cparam name=\"static_image\" value=\"https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Dr/DrugPoisoningMortality1999-2016/U_S_Trends/1.png\">\u003cparam name=\"animate_transition\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_static_image\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_spinner\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_overlay\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_count\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"jsdebug\" value=\"y\">\u003c/object>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1517546524838'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.width='734px';vizElement.style.height='777px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); \u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel Roberson contributed to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"29793 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=29793","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/01/31/mapping-americas-opioid-epidemic/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1728,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://htmlpreview.github.io/","https://ckukreja.carto.com/builder/127aa432-81a4-406b-9aec-b81c328093f7/embed"],"paragraphCount":33},"modified":1521760011,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"Inside America's Devastating Opioid Epidemic: How It Started and Where It's Hitting Hardest | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Inside America's Devastating Opioid Epidemic: How It Started and Where It's Hitting Hardest","datePublished":"2018-01-31T23:27:30-08:00","dateModified":"2018-03-22T16:06:51-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mapping-americas-opioid-epidemic","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/29793/mapping-americas-opioid-epidemic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/opioid_overdose.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-30064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/opioid_overdose.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"991\" height=\"791\">\u003c/a>The United States is dealing with the deadliest drug epidemic it has ever experienced.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/The-Opioid-Epidemic-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Opioid Epidemic Lesson Plan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Nearly 64,000 Americans died from drug overdoses in 2016, far exceeding the number of deaths from car crashes or guns, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db294.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the most recent data\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The rate of overdose deaths was 21 percent higher than in 2015, making it the leading cause of death for Americans under 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">soaring death rate\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is largely due to a spike in the abuse of opioids -- including heroin and prescription painkillers -- which accounted for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about two-thirds\u003c/a> of all drug overdose deaths. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2014/02/04/health/how-heroin-kills/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Overdoses become deadly\u003c/a> when users fall asleep and their respiratory drive shuts down. In other words, their bodies forget to breathe. Opioid overdoses can \u003c/span>also lead to dramatic \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002861.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dips in blood pressure\u003c/a> and cause \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19304418/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart failure.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And while certain regions have been hit particularly hard, the epidemic has touched nearly \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">every corner of the country, wreaking havoc among rich and poor communities alike in rural, suburban and urban areas.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30037\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-768x463.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-240x145.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-375x226.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/overdosedeaths1-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Among the more than 64,000 estimated drug overdose deaths in 2016, the sharpest increase occurred among deaths related to fentanyl and synthetic opioids, with over 20,000 overdose deaths. Source: CDC WONDER \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates\" target=\"_blank\">National Institute on Drug Abuse\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>What are opioids?\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opioids include any drugs that work on \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">opioid receptors\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the proteins in our brains and spinal cords that control our reactions to pain and pleasure. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The term“opioids” refers to the very broad class of highly addictive drugs -- both legal and illegal -- that impact the body’s opioid receptors by blocking pain and sparking pleasurable sensations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morphine, methadone, hydrocodone (Vicodin), and oxycodone (OxyContin) are all popularly prescribed opioids, often used to treat chronic pain. Heroin, which is derived from morphine, has long been one of the most dangerous and commonly used illegal opioids. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/5/8/15454832/fentanyl-carfentanil-opioid-epidemic\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fentanyl\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a synthetic (man-made) opioid that’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50 to 100 times more potent than morphine, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can be medically prescribed to treat severe pain, but it is now being \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">illegally produced and sold on the street at an alarming rate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a wide spectrum of opioid users -- many who take prescription drugs responsibly, with the consent of a doctor, to manage pain. However, an\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DetTabs-2016/NSDUH-DetTabs-2016.pdf\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estimated\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 12 million people currently abuse prescription opioids, which means they take them without a prescription or in larger amounts and for longer than prescribed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oHlaz0kQlRE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oHlaz0kQlRE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>\u003cb>How did this become an epidemic?\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The U.S. health care industry underwent a gradual shift in the 1980s and 1990s -- due in part to a number of influential articles in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1700150#t=article\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">medical journals \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-- in the way health care providers approached pain management. Opioids had \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/health/opioid-addiction-history/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">long been recognized as highly addictive\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and were largely used primarily to treat intense pain from cancer and other severe illnesses. But based on a growing consensus that chronic pain was not being treated effectively, health care providers were increasingly expected to\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jointcommission.org/joint_commission_statement_on_pain_management/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> more routinely \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">assess their patients’ pain levels\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This change in approach happened alongside more\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622774/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aggressive marketing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tactics by big drug companies in an effort to sell opioid medications for non-cancer-related pain. This fueled a dramatic increase in the number of opioid prescriptions that doctors were giving to their patients. A class of drugs that was almost exclusively reserved for cancer patients was now being prescribed to a much wider group of patients experiencing various forms of chronic pain. In 2010, at the peak of this trend, there were more opioid prescriptions than residents in some\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/maps/rxcounty2010.html\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">counties\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, particularly in rural areas in the Rust Belt, the South and the Pacific Northwest. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As prescription pills flooded into communities throughout the country, many people got hooked through a steady supply from friends, family members and drug dealers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since then, opioid prescription rates have declined, due in part to changes in policy and medical standards. But the overdose death rate has not followed suit. The once abundant supply of prescription opioids has been largely replaced by an influx of rampant abuse of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/relationship-between-prescription-drug-abuse-heroin-use/heroin-use-driven-by-its-low-cost-high-availability\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">heroin\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and illegally produced fentanyl, drugs that cost less, produce more intense highs and are much easier to get on the street.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>Who is most affected by the crisis?\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opioid addiction is no longer limited to rural areas --\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/31/opioid-abuse-started-as-a-rural-epidemic-its-now-a-national-one/?utm_term=.b639b8d88f1b\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">new research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows many suburbs and cities are now facing similar opioid abuse rates.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prescription opioid\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0054496\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">overdose rates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tend to be higher in older adults, while heroin overdose rates are higher in younger populations. And although more men currently die from drug overdoses, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/advocacy/opioid-addiction-disease-facts-figures.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">women\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are now dying from prescription opioids and heroin abuse at a rapidly increasing rate.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, in contrast to the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s, which hit poor, black, urban communities the hardest, the opioid crisis disproportionately affects\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/overdose.html\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">white Americans\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. And many point to this\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/there-was-no-wave-of-compassion-when-addicts-were-hooked-on-crack\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">racial divide\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a key impetus for the dramatic shift in the way that lawmakers today are addressing the issue. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 1980s and 1990s, leaders from both parties waged a\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/04/a-timeline-of-the-rise-and-fall-of-tough-on-crime-drug-sentencing/360983/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“war on drugs”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> -- passing laws that criminalized illicit substances and imposed increasingly strict prison sentences on drug users and dealers. Compare that with the softer approach more commonly taken now , one that focuses on rehabilitation rather than criminalization, as evidenced by President Trump’s recent\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/26/us/politics/trump-opioid-crisis.html?mtrref=www.google.com\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">declaration\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the opioid crisis as a “public health emergency.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two maps below compare estimated age-adjusted drug overdose death rates per county in 1999 and 2016, as provided by the CDC. In 1999, the nationwide drug overdose death rate was 6.1 per 100,000 population (just under 17,000 actual deaths). In 2016, it had risen to 19.8 per 100,000 (63,632 deaths), an almost 275 percent increase. Although the crisis reaches across the nation, areas of Appalachia and the Southwest and Northwest have been particularly hard hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the second map, click on individual counties for localized data, including the estimated number of actual deaths. The data includes all drug-related overdose deaths (of which opioids were the cause of about two-thirds). To see county-specific data for 1999 deaths on the second map, deselect \"2016 Overdose Deaths\" in the lefthand layers window. In the second map, you can also search and zoom in to specific locations by clicking the magnifying glass button on the bottom left and entering a place name or Zip Code\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/charukukreja/project-data/blob/master/compare.html\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"false\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://ckukreja.carto.com/builder/127aa432-81a4-406b-9aec-b81c328093f7/embed?state=%7B%22map%22%3A%7B%22ne%22%3A%5B15.368949896534705%2C-153.89648437500003%5D%2C%22sw%22%3A%5B58.309488840677645%2C-49.21875000000001%5D%2C%22center%22%3A%5B40.111688665595956%2C-101.55761718750001%5D%2C%22zoom%22%3A4%7D%7D\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/drug-poisoning-mortality/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>What’s being done to try to slow the epidemic?\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ending the epidemic is a massive undertaking that by most accounts is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/1/23/16909984/trump-opioid-epidemic-2017\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">just getting started\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Opioids, both legal and illegal, remain widely available, and the epidemic continues to claim about \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-health-202/2017/10/27/the-health-202-there-s-a-no-brainer-way-to-solve-the-opioid-crisis/59f2058830fb0468e7653dc0/?utm_term=.657238654e2e\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100 lives per day\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. There is a shortage of affordable drug treatment programs in every state, and the federal government has been slow to allocate money to the crisis. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ending an opioid addiction is often physically painful and can be incredibly difficult to manage. Until recently, many people believed that effective withdrawal treatment required extended stays in residential treatment facilities, a costly approach that many patients and public health institutions simply can't afford. It's also one that commonly focuses on abstinence, a strategy that's\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proved to not be consistently effective for long-term recovery\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More recent evidence, however, has shown that o\u003c/span>pioid addiction can often be more successfully treated in non-residential primary care situations, especially with the use of closely monitored \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/opinion/treating-opioid-addiction.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medication-assisted treatment options\u003c/a> like methadone or buprenorphine -- both forms of opioids themselves -- a strategy that's significantly cheaper and far less disruptive to patients' lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many health care workers view addiction as a medical condition, not a moral failing or criminal act, Yet possessing illegal opioids like heroin and fentanyl still comes with the risk of arrest and jail time. The epidemic won’t end, most \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/opinion/op-ed/article179382496.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">experts agree\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, without also treating the underlying causes that lead people to opioids in the first place, including prevalent mental health issues. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Federal, state and local governments have taken some steps to treat current addicts as well as stanch the flow of opioids into communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4KLfZtHYBgA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4KLfZtHYBgA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Public health emergency: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last October, President Trump declared the opioid epidemic a “public health emergency,” which gives states more flexibility to use federal funds to fight opioid addiction and boost prevention efforts. However, the latest federal budget calls for only a 1 percent increase in federal funding for all drug prevention efforts, and Trump has yet to appoint a “drug czar” to lead the fight against the epidemic. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>New limits on opioid prescriptions:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Opioid prescriptions have been \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/8/1/15746780/opioid-epidemic-end\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">declining since 2010\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Some states, like New Jersey, have limited the number of opioids that doctors can prescribe. Other states, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/1/23/16909984/trump-opioid-epidemic-2017\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">backed by the Justice Department\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, have threatened to jail doctors who overprescribe the drugs. The CDC recently released guidelines asking doctors not to prescribe opioids for chronic pain. Despite these efforts, prescription opioids are still widely available. In 2016, there were still enough opioid pills prescribed \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/opinion/opioid-epidemic-health-care-bill.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to fill a bottle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for every adult in the U.S. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cutting off the supply of illegal opioids: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In January, Trump signed the INTERDICT Act, which further empowers border patrol and customs officers to detect and stop illegal shipments of fentanyl.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Increased access to anti-overdosing drugs:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Walgreens announced last October that it would stock Narcan, a nasal spray that can reverse a drug overdose. The spray will be available without an individual prescription in 45 states. CVS offers the spray in 43 states, also prescription-free. Narcan costs about $125 per dose. Its active ingredient is naloxone, which is also available in auto-inject form. But as demand for naloxone has increased, so has its \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/26/560180901/walgreens-stocks-narcan-opioid-overdose-spray-in-all-pharmacies\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">price\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The auto-inject format called Evzio now costs thousands of dollars, although price breaks have been negotiated by first responders and insurance companies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"viz1517546524838\" class=\"tableauPlaceholder\" style=\"position: center;\">\u003cnoscript>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/drug-poisoning-mortality/\">\u003cimg alt=\" \" src=\"https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Dr/DrugPoisoningMortality1999-2016/U_S_Trends/1_rss.png\" style=\"border: none\">\u003c/a>\u003c/noscript>\u003cobject class=\"tableauViz\" style=\"display: none;\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\">\u003cparam name=\"host_url\" value=\"https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F\">\u003cparam name=\"embed_code_version\" value=\"3\">\u003cparam name=\"site_root\" value=\"\">\u003cparam name=\"name\" value=\"DrugPoisoningMortality1999-2016/U_S_Trends\">\u003cparam name=\"tabs\" value=\"no\">\u003cparam name=\"toolbar\" value=\"no\">\u003cparam name=\"static_image\" value=\"https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Dr/DrugPoisoningMortality1999-2016/U_S_Trends/1.png\">\u003cparam name=\"animate_transition\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_static_image\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_spinner\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_overlay\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_count\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"jsdebug\" value=\"y\">\u003c/object>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1517546524838'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.width='734px';vizElement.style.height='777px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); \u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel Roberson contributed to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/29793/mapping-americas-opioid-epidemic","authors":["8658"],"categories":["lowdown_242","lowdown_2399","lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2647"],"featImg":"lowdown_29802","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_29520":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_29520","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"29520","score":null,"sort":[1517328016000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1517328016,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Six Issues Trump Will Likely Address in His First State of the Union","title":"Six Issues Trump Will Likely Address in His First State of the Union","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003cb>UPDATE: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/30/580378279/trumps-state-of-the-union-address-annotated\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Watch Trump's address and read the annotated transcript, with commentary from NPR reporters.\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjmG4rSbJqI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marking his first year in office, President Trump is scheduled to deliver his premiere State of the Union address to Congress on Jan. 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump addressed a joint session of Congress last February, the upcoming speech is officially his debut State of the Union address, an opportunity to highlight accomplishments from his first year and communicate his agenda for the year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Constitution requires that the president “shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the early 20th century though, most presidents \u003ca href=\"http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-01-29/news/bs-md-backstory-woodrow-wilson-20110128_1_joint-session-union-address-union-message\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">simply wrote their addresses\u003c/a> and sent copies to members of Congress. In 1913, Woodrow Wilson revived the practice of delivering the address to a joint session of Congress, something that hadn't occurred since 1800, when John Adams faced both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love him or hate him, most everyone can agree that Trump's presidency thus far, like his election campaign, has been a strikingly atypical and unorthodox affair. The billionaire real estate developer and reality TV star entered office with no government experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/SOTU-Lesson-Plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Union Lesson Plan\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vq6PRpCEsNdEm4MIVg8uflHaX1Kxc0P2/preview\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n[\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/SOTU-2018-Bingo.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Download the PDF\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>By most accounts, Trump had a pretty bumpy, often chaotic first year in the White House, one marred by controversies, divisiveness and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/19/poll-trump-approval-rating-2018-349306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historically low approval ratings\u003c/a>. As evidence of the tumult, \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2018/01/16/state-of-the-union-boycott/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five Democratic House members\u003c/a> have already announced plans, weeks in advance, to boycott Trump's State of the Union address. A number of Democratic women in the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/01/11/rep-jackie-speier-hope-women-and-men-wear-black-state-union/1025225001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to attend\u003c/a> but say they will wear black in a stand against sexual harassment, an idea inspired by actresses who dressed in black at the recent Golden Globe Awards. Trump has been accused by multiple women of inappropriate sexual conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first year, Trump also faced a handful of legislative and legal setbacks, and was consistently tormented by the wide-reaching investigation into his presidential campaign's potential collusion with Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in his short time in office, Trump has undoubtedly had a tremendous impact, helping to steer the country in a dramatically different direction from that of his predecessor. From rolling back many of Barack Obama's environmental regulations to exiting multinational agreements and pushing through a massive tax cut, Trump will have have no shortage of achievements to recount to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"military\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30025\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30025\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon deployed in 2015 from Aviano Air Base, Italy in support off counter-ISIS operations. \u003ccite>(Deana Heitzman/U.S. Defense Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Military campaigns\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump is likely to boast of the Islamic State's decline in Iraq and Syria, whose government last month \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/364090-iraq-says-war-against-isis-is-over\">announced\u003c/a> that its long and bloody war against the terrorist group had finally ended. As a candidate, Trump promised to destroy the Islamic State, and as president has pursued an aggressive air strike campaign targeting the group's strongholds, a strategy he attributes to their diminished strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of December, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/946201376652169220/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F366654-trump-touts-reports-on-isis-ms-13-in-tweets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he tweeted\u003c/a>: \"On 1/20 - the day Trump was inaugurated - an estimated 35,000 ISIS fighters held approx 17,500 square miles of territory in both Iraq and Syria. As of 12/21, the U.S. military est the remaining 1,000 or so fighters occupy roughly 1,900 square miles..”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Islamic State continues to wreak havoc, especially in the Middle East, where deadly bombings and unrest are still common occurrences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president may also reference his administration's aggressive bombing campaign against the Taliban in Afghanistan, an effort to aid the country's military forces and end the longest running war in U.S. history. The offensive is a reversal of the Obama administration's strategy of curtailing U.S. military involvement in the long-troubled region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30020\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30020\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small fence separating Tijuana, Mexico, right, from San Diego. \u003ccite>(Gordon Hyde/U.S. Army)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Immigration\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump will likely make another case for his much disputed travel ban, which blocks people from eight mostly Muslim nations from entering the U.S., a course of action the administration insists is necessary for preventing terrorists from entering the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After repeated setbacks in federal courts, the administration declared a tentative victory in December, when the\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court allowed\u003c/a> the third version of the travel ban to go into effect while legal challenges continue against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also likely touch on the need for comprehensive immigration reform, even as the latest efforts have already started to sputter. He is expected to reiterate his demand for new border security measures, including the construction of a new wall and increased immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also likely mention the need to accommodate some of the estimated 700,000 undocumented immigrants who came here as children and were given temporary legal status under Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. Although the administration announced its plans to end the DACA program by March, Trump says he wants Congress to figure out a permanent solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"nuclear\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30024\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A North Korean ballistic missile on display during a 2013 military parade. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/rapidtravelchai/9465934852/\" target=\"_blank\">Stefan Krasowski/flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Nuclear threats\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is on edge over nuclear tensions with North Korea, an issue that Trump is sure to touch on in his address. Through tweets and other statements, Trump has repeatedly sparred with North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un, threatening and even taunting him after each successive North Korean missile test. Trump insists this tough talk strategy, a major departure from Obama's \"strategic patience\" approach, has proven effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On New Year's Day, Kim announced that he was \u003ca href=\"http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/04/asia/north-korea-south-korea-talks-intl/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prepared to\u003c/a> \"melt the frozen\" relations with South Korea, a strong U.S. ally, and wanted to discuss North Korean participation in the upcoming Winter Olympics in South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was quick to take credit for Kim's about-face, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/948879774277128197\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeting\u003c/a> that this wouldn't have happened had he not been \"firm, strong and willing to commit our total 'might' against the North.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump may also mention his ongoing intent to withdraw from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/28/trump-kill-iran-nuclear-deal-260860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran nuclear deal\u003c/a> established under the Obama administration, which he has long railed against. The agreement places strict limits on the country's nuclear development program in exchange for a lifting of U.S. and European sanctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"economy\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30023\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Economy\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump is sure to highlight the record-high stock market and low unemployment rate, pointing to them as positive indicators of his administration's pro-business economic strategy (even though most economists agree that these are economic trends that actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/04/business/economy/the-economy-under-president-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started during the Obama administration\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also use the occasion to celebrate the recent passage of major tax reform, his one legislative victory to date, which permanently slashes tax rates for corporations and some of the wealthiest Americans, while offering modest temporary cuts for most lower and middle-class taxpayers. Trump and his Republican colleagues in Congress insist that the $1.5 trillion tax cut will put more money in people's pockets and encourage U.S. corporations to expand and create more jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump may also mention his administration's NAFTA renegotiations with Canada and Mexico. He has long lambasted the massive free trade agreement as a terrible deal for American workers. Although as a candidate, he consistently attacked the agreement and indicated a willingness to withdraw from it altogether, he has more recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/world/2018/1/16/16882662/trump-withdraw-nafta-canada-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suggested\u003c/a> that there may be some possibility of compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"infrastructure\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30021\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30021\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brooklyn Bridge \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://unsplash.com/photos/GzV_dXR3MgM\" target=\"_blank\">Hannes Ri on Unsplash\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Infrastructure\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump consistently drew attention to the crumbling state of U.S. infrastructure, often equating the roads and airports to those of developing nations. As part of his platform, he promised a $1 trillion infrastructure bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just before Christmas, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/18/politics/trump-tweet-seattle-train/index.html\">Trump expressed confidence\u003c/a> that his plans to upgrade the nation's roads, airports and bridges would receive strong bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union address, Trump is still likely to call for a large infrastructure spending bill, but the scope of it will fall far short of what he originally proposed. His administration is expected to unveil a plan later this month to spend at least $200 billion on infrastructure projects over the next decade, with the hopes of encouraging an additional $800 billion in state and local funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skeptics of the plan \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/17/carper-trump-infrastructure-money-289342\">say it's not nearly enough money\u003c/a>to adequately address the nation's infrastructure needs, and they argue that the chances of Congress committing to even that lesser amount is pretty unlikely, given the $1.5 trillion tax cuts and growing deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"regulations\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30022\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30022\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mojave Generating Station coal plant in Nevada. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Cutting regulations\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In his first month in office, Trump signed an executive order requiring agencies to slash \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two regulations for every new regulation\u003c/a> put into place. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/14/us/politics/trump-federal-regulations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">December press event\u003c/a>, he claimed to have far exceeded this goal: \"We aimed for 2-for-1 and in 2017, we hit 22-for-1,\" he said.“We have decades of excess regulation to remove,” he added. “To help launch the next phase of growth, prosperity and freedom, I am challenging my cabinet to find and remove every single outdated, unlawful and excessive regulation currently on the books.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Trump administration has jumped at the opportunity to kill off as many federal regulations as possible, attacking them as harmful to economic growth and a blatant abuse of government power. And while it's doubtful that Trump has overseen the largest regulatory rollback in U.S. history, as he claims, his ongoing efforts to purge the rule books have already had far-reaching impacts, effectively reversing many of the policies introduced by his predecessor. Since taking office, Trump has rolled back a slew of regulations related to environmental protections (particularly related to coal mining), health care, financial services and other industries, many of which were implemented under Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his speech, Trump will likely tout these rollbacks as a necessary step towards bringing back U.S. manufacturing and mining jobs.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"29520 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=29520","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/01/30/trump-state-of-the-union/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1719,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vq6PRpCEsNdEm4MIVg8uflHaX1Kxc0P2/preview"],"paragraphCount":34},"modified":1524777932,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"UPDATE: Watch Trump's address and read the annotated transcript, with commentary from NPR reporters. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjmG4rSbJqI Marking his first year in office, President Trump is scheduled to deliver his premiere State of the Union address to Congress on Jan. 30. Although Trump addressed a joint session of Congress last February, the upcoming speech is officially his","title":"Six Issues Trump Will Likely Address in His First State of the Union | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Six Issues Trump Will Likely Address in His First State of the Union","datePublished":"2018-01-30T08:00:16-08:00","dateModified":"2018-04-26T14:25:32-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trump-state-of-the-union","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/29520/trump-state-of-the-union","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>UPDATE: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/30/580378279/trumps-state-of-the-union-address-annotated\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Watch Trump's address and read the annotated transcript, with commentary from NPR reporters.\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xjmG4rSbJqI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xjmG4rSbJqI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Marking his first year in office, President Trump is scheduled to deliver his premiere State of the Union address to Congress on Jan. 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump addressed a joint session of Congress last February, the upcoming speech is officially his debut State of the Union address, an opportunity to highlight accomplishments from his first year and communicate his agenda for the year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Constitution requires that the president “shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the early 20th century though, most presidents \u003ca href=\"http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-01-29/news/bs-md-backstory-woodrow-wilson-20110128_1_joint-session-union-address-union-message\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">simply wrote their addresses\u003c/a> and sent copies to members of Congress. In 1913, Woodrow Wilson revived the practice of delivering the address to a joint session of Congress, something that hadn't occurred since 1800, when John Adams faced both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love him or hate him, most everyone can agree that Trump's presidency thus far, like his election campaign, has been a strikingly atypical and unorthodox affair. The billionaire real estate developer and reality TV star entered office with no government experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/SOTU-Lesson-Plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Union Lesson Plan\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vq6PRpCEsNdEm4MIVg8uflHaX1Kxc0P2/preview\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n[\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/SOTU-2018-Bingo.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Download the PDF\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>By most accounts, Trump had a pretty bumpy, often chaotic first year in the White House, one marred by controversies, divisiveness and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/19/poll-trump-approval-rating-2018-349306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historically low approval ratings\u003c/a>. As evidence of the tumult, \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2018/01/16/state-of-the-union-boycott/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five Democratic House members\u003c/a> have already announced plans, weeks in advance, to boycott Trump's State of the Union address. A number of Democratic women in the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/01/11/rep-jackie-speier-hope-women-and-men-wear-black-state-union/1025225001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to attend\u003c/a> but say they will wear black in a stand against sexual harassment, an idea inspired by actresses who dressed in black at the recent Golden Globe Awards. Trump has been accused by multiple women of inappropriate sexual conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first year, Trump also faced a handful of legislative and legal setbacks, and was consistently tormented by the wide-reaching investigation into his presidential campaign's potential collusion with Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in his short time in office, Trump has undoubtedly had a tremendous impact, helping to steer the country in a dramatically different direction from that of his predecessor. From rolling back many of Barack Obama's environmental regulations to exiting multinational agreements and pushing through a massive tax cut, Trump will have have no shortage of achievements to recount to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"military\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30025\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30025\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon deployed in 2015 from Aviano Air Base, Italy in support off counter-ISIS operations. \u003ccite>(Deana Heitzman/U.S. Defense Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Military campaigns\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump is likely to boast of the Islamic State's decline in Iraq and Syria, whose government last month \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/364090-iraq-says-war-against-isis-is-over\">announced\u003c/a> that its long and bloody war against the terrorist group had finally ended. As a candidate, Trump promised to destroy the Islamic State, and as president has pursued an aggressive air strike campaign targeting the group's strongholds, a strategy he attributes to their diminished strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of December, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/946201376652169220/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F366654-trump-touts-reports-on-isis-ms-13-in-tweets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he tweeted\u003c/a>: \"On 1/20 - the day Trump was inaugurated - an estimated 35,000 ISIS fighters held approx 17,500 square miles of territory in both Iraq and Syria. As of 12/21, the U.S. military est the remaining 1,000 or so fighters occupy roughly 1,900 square miles..”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Islamic State continues to wreak havoc, especially in the Middle East, where deadly bombings and unrest are still common occurrences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president may also reference his administration's aggressive bombing campaign against the Taliban in Afghanistan, an effort to aid the country's military forces and end the longest running war in U.S. history. The offensive is a reversal of the Obama administration's strategy of curtailing U.S. military involvement in the long-troubled region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30020\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30020\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small fence separating Tijuana, Mexico, right, from San Diego. \u003ccite>(Gordon Hyde/U.S. Army)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Immigration\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump will likely make another case for his much disputed travel ban, which blocks people from eight mostly Muslim nations from entering the U.S., a course of action the administration insists is necessary for preventing terrorists from entering the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After repeated setbacks in federal courts, the administration declared a tentative victory in December, when the\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court allowed\u003c/a> the third version of the travel ban to go into effect while legal challenges continue against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also likely touch on the need for comprehensive immigration reform, even as the latest efforts have already started to sputter. He is expected to reiterate his demand for new border security measures, including the construction of a new wall and increased immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also likely mention the need to accommodate some of the estimated 700,000 undocumented immigrants who came here as children and were given temporary legal status under Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. Although the administration announced its plans to end the DACA program by March, Trump says he wants Congress to figure out a permanent solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"nuclear\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30024\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A North Korean ballistic missile on display during a 2013 military parade. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/rapidtravelchai/9465934852/\" target=\"_blank\">Stefan Krasowski/flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Nuclear threats\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is on edge over nuclear tensions with North Korea, an issue that Trump is sure to touch on in his address. Through tweets and other statements, Trump has repeatedly sparred with North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un, threatening and even taunting him after each successive North Korean missile test. Trump insists this tough talk strategy, a major departure from Obama's \"strategic patience\" approach, has proven effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On New Year's Day, Kim announced that he was \u003ca href=\"http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/04/asia/north-korea-south-korea-talks-intl/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prepared to\u003c/a> \"melt the frozen\" relations with South Korea, a strong U.S. ally, and wanted to discuss North Korean participation in the upcoming Winter Olympics in South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was quick to take credit for Kim's about-face, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/948879774277128197\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeting\u003c/a> that this wouldn't have happened had he not been \"firm, strong and willing to commit our total 'might' against the North.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump may also mention his ongoing intent to withdraw from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/28/trump-kill-iran-nuclear-deal-260860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran nuclear deal\u003c/a> established under the Obama administration, which he has long railed against. The agreement places strict limits on the country's nuclear development program in exchange for a lifting of U.S. and European sanctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"economy\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30023\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Economy\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump is sure to highlight the record-high stock market and low unemployment rate, pointing to them as positive indicators of his administration's pro-business economic strategy (even though most economists agree that these are economic trends that actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/04/business/economy/the-economy-under-president-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started during the Obama administration\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also use the occasion to celebrate the recent passage of major tax reform, his one legislative victory to date, which permanently slashes tax rates for corporations and some of the wealthiest Americans, while offering modest temporary cuts for most lower and middle-class taxpayers. Trump and his Republican colleagues in Congress insist that the $1.5 trillion tax cut will put more money in people's pockets and encourage U.S. corporations to expand and create more jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump may also mention his administration's NAFTA renegotiations with Canada and Mexico. He has long lambasted the massive free trade agreement as a terrible deal for American workers. Although as a candidate, he consistently attacked the agreement and indicated a willingness to withdraw from it altogether, he has more recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/world/2018/1/16/16882662/trump-withdraw-nafta-canada-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suggested\u003c/a> that there may be some possibility of compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"infrastructure\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30021\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30021\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brooklyn Bridge \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://unsplash.com/photos/GzV_dXR3MgM\" target=\"_blank\">Hannes Ri on Unsplash\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Infrastructure\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump consistently drew attention to the crumbling state of U.S. infrastructure, often equating the roads and airports to those of developing nations. As part of his platform, he promised a $1 trillion infrastructure bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just before Christmas, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/18/politics/trump-tweet-seattle-train/index.html\">Trump expressed confidence\u003c/a> that his plans to upgrade the nation's roads, airports and bridges would receive strong bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union address, Trump is still likely to call for a large infrastructure spending bill, but the scope of it will fall far short of what he originally proposed. His administration is expected to unveil a plan later this month to spend at least $200 billion on infrastructure projects over the next decade, with the hopes of encouraging an additional $800 billion in state and local funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skeptics of the plan \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/17/carper-trump-infrastructure-money-289342\">say it's not nearly enough money\u003c/a>to adequately address the nation's infrastructure needs, and they argue that the chances of Congress committing to even that lesser amount is pretty unlikely, given the $1.5 trillion tax cuts and growing deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"regulations\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30022\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30022\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mojave Generating Station coal plant in Nevada. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Cutting regulations\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In his first month in office, Trump signed an executive order requiring agencies to slash \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two regulations for every new regulation\u003c/a> put into place. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/14/us/politics/trump-federal-regulations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">December press event\u003c/a>, he claimed to have far exceeded this goal: \"We aimed for 2-for-1 and in 2017, we hit 22-for-1,\" he said.“We have decades of excess regulation to remove,” he added. “To help launch the next phase of growth, prosperity and freedom, I am challenging my cabinet to find and remove every single outdated, unlawful and excessive regulation currently on the books.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Trump administration has jumped at the opportunity to kill off as many federal regulations as possible, attacking them as harmful to economic growth and a blatant abuse of government power. And while it's doubtful that Trump has overseen the largest regulatory rollback in U.S. history, as he claims, his ongoing efforts to purge the rule books have already had far-reaching impacts, effectively reversing many of the policies introduced by his predecessor. Since taking office, Trump has rolled back a slew of regulations related to environmental protections (particularly related to coal mining), health care, financial services and other industries, many of which were implemented under Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his speech, Trump will likely tout these rollbacks as a necessary step towards bringing back U.S. manufacturing and mining jobs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/29520/trump-state-of-the-union","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2399","lowdown_1","lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_312"],"featImg":"lowdown_29667","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_29714":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_29714","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"29714","score":null,"sort":[1516665778000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1516665778,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"Activism Isn't Just for Adults! See How These Students Are Creating Change in Their Own Communities","title":"Activism Isn't Just for Adults! See How These Students Are Creating Change in Their Own Communities","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Last year, KQED Education produced a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/09/27/stepping-up-four-high-school-activists-on-what-moved-them-to-action-video/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of videos\u003c/a> about four high school students from around the San Francisco Bay Area who were \"stepping up\" to create change in their own communities. We then invited students from California and elsewhere to submit written and video entries describing the types of community activism they were engaged in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We heard from teens who told us how they're addressing global issues and creating spaces to bridge political and cultural differences. The submissions highlighted the creative ways students are addressing a wide range of issues in confusing times, from protecting the environment to combating sexual harassment in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check out the entire\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTQ7KnCrsIzkZJZpEHW3sm-xoMV-V6LtR\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> collection of showcase video submissions here.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are a selection of the inspiring entries we received:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Superposition Hackathon\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Areeta Wong, San Mateo High School, 12th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Areeta Wong created, Superposition, an all-girls hackathon aimed at middle, high school, and college girls in the Bay Area. The mission is to provide a safe, welcoming, racially diverse, and supportive space for girls to explore computer science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3ql9y2nVTg\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Anova School\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gursimran Singh Panesar, Mills High School (Burlingame), 9th grade\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After reading a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/19/health/autism-school-destroyed-by-california-fire/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CNN article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about how the Anova school for the Autistic was destroyed in the recent devastating California Wildfires, I was deeply touched.For these kids, who are less resilient to change, it must be extremely upsetting to lose their school and in some cases, their whole lives, and these disabled kids need an immediate response to return their lives to normal. With that in mind, I paid a visit to Anova in order to get a firsthand look at the destruction and determine how I could bring smiles to their faces.” (\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eUC41q-fdIWwAPwwgqQWMyI6PeadJqqLe5bc3xmN4Q4/edit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">continue reading here ...\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bridge the Divide\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachna Shah, Dartmouth College (NH), Freshman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the fall of 2016, I joined \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bridge-the-divide.com/conference\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bridge the Divide\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bridge the Divide is an online international initiative that brings young people from across party lines and country borders together to engage in productive and respectful policy discussions.” (\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BSGU_7AjNLD4v8GpHMlabx9ztx_K8iNXQ5lEhMjyrqU/edit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">continue reading here ...\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Rise Up\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Marley Nelson, Galileo High School (San Francisco), 12th grade; Kurtis Chan, Lincoln High School (San Francisco), 11th grade; Taylor Griffin, Dougherty Valley High School (San Ramon), 11th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marley, Kurtis, and Taylor captured the story of Emily M, a student at Galileo High School who organized a student walk out after the 2016 presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jih4Nubgsi0&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Day of the Girl\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Anoushka Ambavanekar, Vista del Lago High School (Folsom), 10th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I discovered Day of the Girl, an organization that advocates for intersectional feminism and many important topics. As a member of the Action Team, I created a letter writing toolkit that helps activists host an event for letter writing to politicians on issues that they care about.” (\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MtuB2CcppJ6V9-I1qNfsUNQbwEn7ki7X7oSgWuZfFBw/edit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">continue reading here ...\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Lunchtime Open Forum\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hanna Von, San Marino High School, 11th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanna V. and other students at San Mateo high school created a lunch time gathering space for teachers and students to talk about important issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMQ5icrAjQw&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Zero Waste\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jacqueleine Liu, Monta Vista High School (Cupertino), 9th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Instead of plastic bags, I use reusable bags, and rather polluting the world with plastic toothbrushes, I use a biodegradable bamboo toothbrush. These small changes may seem in\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">significant, but every little effort helps to save the environment.” \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I6HSQmP9QZa9yQjyXycI9sGUKndwhXx5MPh3QOt1NwY/edit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(continue reading here ...\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"29714 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=29714","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/01/22/these-high-school-students-are-stepping-up-for-change-in-their-communities/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":579,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":20},"modified":1517940441,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"Activism Isn't Just for Adults! See How These Students Are Creating Change in Their Own Communities | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Activism Isn't Just for Adults! See How These Students Are Creating Change in Their Own Communities","datePublished":"2018-01-22T16:02:58-08:00","dateModified":"2018-02-06T10:07:21-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"these-high-school-students-are-stepping-up-for-change-in-their-communities","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/29714/these-high-school-students-are-stepping-up-for-change-in-their-communities","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Last year, KQED Education produced a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/09/27/stepping-up-four-high-school-activists-on-what-moved-them-to-action-video/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of videos\u003c/a> about four high school students from around the San Francisco Bay Area who were \"stepping up\" to create change in their own communities. We then invited students from California and elsewhere to submit written and video entries describing the types of community activism they were engaged in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We heard from teens who told us how they're addressing global issues and creating spaces to bridge political and cultural differences. The submissions highlighted the creative ways students are addressing a wide range of issues in confusing times, from protecting the environment to combating sexual harassment in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check out the entire\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTQ7KnCrsIzkZJZpEHW3sm-xoMV-V6LtR\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> collection of showcase video submissions here.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are a selection of the inspiring entries we received:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Superposition Hackathon\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Areeta Wong, San Mateo High School, 12th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Areeta Wong created, Superposition, an all-girls hackathon aimed at middle, high school, and college girls in the Bay Area. The mission is to provide a safe, welcoming, racially diverse, and supportive space for girls to explore computer science.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/h3ql9y2nVTg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/h3ql9y2nVTg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Anova School\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gursimran Singh Panesar, Mills High School (Burlingame), 9th grade\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After reading a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/19/health/autism-school-destroyed-by-california-fire/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CNN article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about how the Anova school for the Autistic was destroyed in the recent devastating California Wildfires, I was deeply touched.For these kids, who are less resilient to change, it must be extremely upsetting to lose their school and in some cases, their whole lives, and these disabled kids need an immediate response to return their lives to normal. With that in mind, I paid a visit to Anova in order to get a firsthand look at the destruction and determine how I could bring smiles to their faces.” (\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eUC41q-fdIWwAPwwgqQWMyI6PeadJqqLe5bc3xmN4Q4/edit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">continue reading here ...\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bridge the Divide\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachna Shah, Dartmouth College (NH), Freshman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the fall of 2016, I joined \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bridge-the-divide.com/conference\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bridge the Divide\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bridge the Divide is an online international initiative that brings young people from across party lines and country borders together to engage in productive and respectful policy discussions.” (\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BSGU_7AjNLD4v8GpHMlabx9ztx_K8iNXQ5lEhMjyrqU/edit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">continue reading here ...\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Rise Up\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Marley Nelson, Galileo High School (San Francisco), 12th grade; Kurtis Chan, Lincoln High School (San Francisco), 11th grade; Taylor Griffin, Dougherty Valley High School (San Ramon), 11th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marley, Kurtis, and Taylor captured the story of Emily M, a student at Galileo High School who organized a student walk out after the 2016 presidential election.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jih4Nubgsi0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jih4Nubgsi0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Day of the Girl\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Anoushka Ambavanekar, Vista del Lago High School (Folsom), 10th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I discovered Day of the Girl, an organization that advocates for intersectional feminism and many important topics. As a member of the Action Team, I created a letter writing toolkit that helps activists host an event for letter writing to politicians on issues that they care about.” (\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MtuB2CcppJ6V9-I1qNfsUNQbwEn7ki7X7oSgWuZfFBw/edit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">continue reading here ...\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Lunchtime Open Forum\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hanna Von, San Marino High School, 11th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanna V. and other students at San Mateo high school created a lunch time gathering space for teachers and students to talk about important issues.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PMQ5icrAjQw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PMQ5icrAjQw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Zero Waste\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jacqueleine Liu, Monta Vista High School (Cupertino), 9th grade\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Instead of plastic bags, I use reusable bags, and rather polluting the world with plastic toothbrushes, I use a biodegradable bamboo toothbrush. These small changes may seem in\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">significant, but every little effort helps to save the environment.” \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I6HSQmP9QZa9yQjyXycI9sGUKndwhXx5MPh3QOt1NwY/edit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(continue reading here ...\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/29714/these-high-school-students-are-stepping-up-for-change-in-their-communities","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2635","lowdown_2644"],"featImg":"lowdown_29727","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_24153":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_24153","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"24153","score":null,"sort":[1515201560000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1515201560,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"Reefer Madness! The Twisted History of America’s Marijuana Laws","title":"Reefer Madness! The Twisted History of America’s Marijuana Laws","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/The-History-of-Americas-Weed-Laws-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Weed Laws (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Talk about a buzz kill!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, just four days after recreational marijuana became legal to buy and sell in California, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/04/u-s-to-end-lenient-policy-that-let-legal-pot-flourish/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nudged federal prosecutors\u003c/a> to \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">aggressively enforce the federal law that strictly prohibits the drug.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the Justice Department's new stance on the issue, Sessions reversed an Obama-era policy directing federal prosecutors and authorities to generally deprioritize marijuana enforcement, particularly in states that had voted to legalize it for \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">medical or recreational use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sessions previously served as an Alabama senator and a federal prosecutor at the height of the drug war. He insists that marijuana is \"only slightly less awful\" than heroin, blaming it for spikes in violent crime. In May, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-issues-sweeping-new-criminal-charging-policy/2017/05/11/4752bd42-3697-11e7-b373-418f6849a004_story.html?utm_term=.c8b76a95c3e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ordered federal prosecutors\u003c/a> to pursue the most serious charges possible against low-level drug offenders, overriding his predecessor's push for more lenient sentencing guidelines.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New threats of a federal crackdown have been staunchly criticized by liberals who say it will only further the steep human costs of the nation's largely ineffective drug war. Some conservatives also have opposed the action, considering it a states' rights issue. And while some in law enforcement support the tougher approach, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/03/jeff-sessions-marijuana-crackdown-senators-react-235616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bipartisan group of senators\u003c/a> in March even urged Sessions to uphold existing Obama-era marijuana policy of allowing states to implement their own recreational marijuana laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if this most recent change in federal enforcement policy will impact the rollout of California's newly relaxed weed laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/CJ6MnrTy-Hc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marijuana advocates argue that legalizing the drug will lower the number of racially skewed drug arrests. Contrary to Sessions' contention, they say it will also likely reduce violence by undercutting the black market and taking the trade away from criminal organizations. A regulated market, they argue, will also ensure that consumers are purchasing a safer, pure product. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions and other opponents argue that legalization will lead to increased use of the drug, particularly among children and teens, resulting in an uptick in harder drug use and violent criminal behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Marijuana is not the kind of thing that ought to be legalized,\" said Sessions. \"It ought not to be minimized. It is, in fact, a very real danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meanwhile, marijuana has long reigned supreme as the nation’s most popular illicit drug. And \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Americans seem to be increasingly open to legalizing it: In a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://news.gallup.com/poll/221018/record-high-support-legalizing-marijuana.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recent Gallup Poll\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 64 percent of respondents said they were for it, the highest (no pun intended) level of public support in the nearly half-century of polling on the issue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll.png 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll-160x83.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll-240x124.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll-375x194.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll-520x269.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California's legal shift, which went into effect on Jan. 1, was set in motion when voters passed \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_64,_Marijuana_Legalization_(2016)\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proposition 64\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 2016, a full two decades after it became the first state to legalize medicinal marijuana.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For a place known for its trendsetting ways and love of all things green, California is actually a bit late to the rec room: It’s the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newsweek.com/where-recreational-marijuana-legal-691593\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sixth state\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to hop on board the legal weed train, trailing Colorado, Washington, Alaska, Oregon, Nevada and, yes, even the nation’s capital. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But as the nation’s most populous state, and biggest marijuana producer, California's legal shift is being considered a dramatic step toward mainstreaming what promises to be an incredibly lucrative industry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the state's new rules, people who are 21 and older can legally purchase up to an ounce of weed and grow up to six plants per residence. Smoking in public, however, is still subject to fines (unless permitted by local jurisdiction). \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And because marijuana sales are now taxable, the shift promises to be a huge windfall for the state. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recreational marijuana sales are projected to bring in roughly $5 billion in annual sales, and about 35 percent will go to local and state taxes, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/337788-legal-pot-to-be-5-billion-business-in-california-study\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">according to a study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> commissioned by the state regulatory agency tasked with overseeing the, um, budding new market.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government's most recent backlash against marijuana's latest resurgence is little surprise, given America's long, racially fueled war against the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What follows is a twisted history of a very contentious weed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1600s to mid-1800s: Cannabis literally becomes part of the national fabric\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-29417 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2-160x93.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2-240x139.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2-375x218.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2-520x302.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the early 1600s, the British government encouraged colonial farmers to produce hemp, a form of cannabis with low levels of the psychoactive ingredient THC. The extremely hardy, fast-growing plant was primarily used for the production of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rope, sails, clothing and paper, a fiber critical to the British and Spanish empires. In 1619, the Virginia Assembly passed a law that flat-out \u003ca href=\"http://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/1619-laws-enacted-by-the-first-general-assembly-of-virginia\">required farmers\u003c/a> to grow it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the 19th century, as hemp production waned, more potent forms of cannabis were used as ingredients in many medicinal products and sold openly in pharmacies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1900 - 1920s: \"The Marijuana Menace\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29418\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-29418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed.jpg 635w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-160x153.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-240x230.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-375x359.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-520x498.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Front page of the Ogden Standard (Utah) from Sept. 25, 1915. \u003ccite>(flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After the Mexican Revolution of 1910, a wave of Mexican immigrants poured into the southwestern U.S. and helped popularize the recreational use of the drug. Cannabis in Spanish was referred to as “marihuana” or \"mariguana\u003ci>\" (\"marijuana\"\u003c/i> is the Anglicized bastardization).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the drug grew more popular, it was negatively associated with Mexican immigrants. Anti-drug campaigners began to warn against the encroaching \"Marijuana Menace,\" describing the terrible crimes attributed to the drug and the Mexicans who used it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was only referred to as marijuana \"because anti-cannabis factions wanted to underscore the drug's 'Mexican-ness,' meant to play off of anti-immigrant sentiments,\" noted Matt Thompson from NPR's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/07/14/201981025/the-mysterious-history-of-marijuana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code Switch blog.\u003c/a> (It's also the reason why some cannabis advocates today consider \"marijuana\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.shopharborside.com/learn/the-M-word.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a derogatory term\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rumors quickly spread of Mexicans distributing this \"demon weed,\" or \"locoweed,\" to unsuspecting American schoolchildren, wrote author Eric Schlosser in his 1994 Atlantic article \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1994/08/reefer-madness/303476/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reefer Madness\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In port cities along the Gulf Coast, the drug also became associated with West Indian immigrants, a connection broadly extended to African-Americans, jazz musicians, prostitutes and lower-class whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'The Marijuana Menace,' as sketched by anti-drug campaigners, was personified by inferior races and social deviants,\" Schlosser added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1913, California (of all places) \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009145099902600204?journalCode=cdxa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passed the first state cannabis prohibition law.\u003c/a> The effort was sponsored by the state Board of Pharmacy as part of a larger anti-narcotics campaign (even though there was at the time still little public concern about cannabis). Proposed by Henry Finger, a powerful member of the board, the law was intended to supposedly prevent the spread of the drug's use by “Hindoo” immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Within the last year we in California have been getting a large influx of Hindoos and they have in turn started quite a demand for cannabis indica,\" wrote Finger \u003ca href=\"http://www.canorml.org/background/caloriginsmjproh.pdf\">in a 1911 letter\u003c/a> (page 18). \"They are a very undesirable lot and the habit is growing in California very fast; the fear is now that it is not being confined to the Hindoos alone but that they are initiating our whites into this habit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>1930s: Reefer Madness\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"326\" height=\"489\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer.jpeg 326w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer-240x360.jpeg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 326px) 100vw, 326px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poster from a later release of the 1936 film. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Widespread unemployment and poverty during the Great Depression furthered resentment and fear of immigrants and minorities, and fueled concerns about the perceived ills of the drug that had become associated with them. A flurry of pseudo-research linked the use of the drug to violence, crime and other socially deviant behaviors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harry J. Anslinger, the first commissioner of the newly created Federal Bureau of Narcotics, insisted that marijuana led to “insanity, criminality, and death.\" \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By 1931, 29 states had outlawed it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The debut of \"Reefer Madness\" in 1936, one in a series of anti-marijuana propaganda films released at the time, helped fuel hysteria about the drug. Originally titled \"Tell Your Children,\" the film centers on a series of hyperbolic events that ensue when innocent high school students are lured into trying marijuana — from a hit-and-run accident to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, hallucinations and a rapid descent into madness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYHDzrdXHEA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Following a lurid national propaganda campaign against the \"evil weed,\" Congress passed the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, the first time the drug was regulated and taxed by the government. The statute effectively criminalized marijuana, outlawing its possession and sale and restricting it to individuals who paid an excise tax for certain authorized medical and industrial uses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1960s-1970s: The counterculture and the crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29409\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-29409 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-1020x1536.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"964\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-1020x1536.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-160x241.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-800x1205.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-768x1156.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-1180x1777.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-960x1446.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-240x361.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-375x565.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-520x783.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman smokes a joint at the 1970 \"Honor America Day\" peace rally in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(David Fenton/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Widespread adoption of marijuana by both young hippies in the anti-war movement and the white middle class briefly resulted in more relaxed attitudes and enforcement. Reports commissioned by Presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson found that marijuana use did not induce violence or lead to u\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">se of heavier drugs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But that high didn't last long. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As part of President Richard Nixon's anti-drug efforts, Congress in 1970 passed the Controlled Substances Act. It created various legal categories, or schedules, for different types of drugs, depending on their perceived public threat. Cannabis was placed alongside heroin and LSD into Schedule 1, the most restrictive category, reserved for drugs deemed to have no medical benefit and the highest potential for abuse. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Including cannabis in this category was more a reflection of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Nixon’s animus toward the counterculture with which he associated marijuana than scientific, medical, or legal opinion,\" \u003c/span>Scott C. Martin, a history professor at Bowling Green State University, \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4298038/marijuana-history-in-america/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">wrote \u003c/span>in Time magazine\u003c/a>. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Schedule I designation, he said, made it difficult even for physicians or scientists to procure marijuana for research studies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the bipartisan Shafer Commission, an investigative committee appointed by Nixon to study drug abuse in America, went on to recommend that possession of small amounts of marijuana be decriminalized. In 1972, a year after Nixon declared his \"war on drugs,\" the commission presented its findings to Congress in a report titled:\"\u003ca href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015015647558;view=1up;seq=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marihuana, A Signal of Misunderstanding\u003c/a>\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It noted that most marijuana users were not dangerous at all, but rather more \"timid, drowsy and passive.\" It concluded that cannabis did not pose any widespread danger to society, and recommended using social measures other than criminalization to discourage its use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the nation' increasingly restrictive drug laws, the commission stated:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Unless present policy is redirected, we will perpetuate the same problems, tolerate the same social costs, and find ourselves as we do now, no further along the road to a more rational legal and social approach than we were in 1914.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, Nixon vehemently rejected his commission's findings, forging ahead with his anti-drug agenda, and the following year Congress\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> created the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), a merger of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNND) and the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (ODALE).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, though, did significantly influence state governments. A movement spearheaded by the newly established National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) resulted in Oregon passing the first decriminalization statute in 1973. Over the next five years, \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=J4wYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT58#v=onepage&q=nebraska&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 other states\u003c/a> followed suit, from California to (astoundingly) Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>1986: Mandatory minimum drug sentencing\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-800x427.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-800x427.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-160x85.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-768x410.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-1020x545.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-1180x630.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-960x513.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-240x128.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-375x200.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-520x278.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700.jpg 1311w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">President Reagan in 1986 signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, instituting mandatory sentences for drug-related crimes. The legislation had actually been championed by Democrats, who saw a political opportunity to outdo Republicans by \"getting tough on drugs.\" The shift was in part a response to the nation's shock over the death of Celtics star draft pick Len Bias from a cocaine overdose.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29445\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1429px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-29445 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1429\" height=\"914\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737.jpg 1429w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-768x491.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-1180x755.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-960x614.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-375x240.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-520x333.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1429px) 100vw, 1429px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The astronomical surge in America's state and federal prison population was due in large part to increasingly strict drug laws enacted in the 1970s and 1980s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Sentencing Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The law increased \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">federal penalties for the sale and possession of an array of drugs, including marijuana, with the penalties based on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/snitch/primer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">amount of the drug involved\u003c/a>. Under the law, possession of 100 marijuana plants received the same penalty as possession of 100 grams of heroin. A later amendment established a \"three strikes and you're out\" policy, requiring life sentences for repeat drug offenders.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the law, drug-related arrests soared, spurring a massive increase in the state and federal prison populations. At the time of the law's enactment in1986, there were roughly 400,000 inmates in America's prison system. By 2015, the population had nearly quadrupled, to a peak of almost 1.5 million, giving the U.S. the dubious distinction as the largest jailer in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana arrests factored heavily in this increase, accounting for more than half of all drug arrests, mostly for possession. African-Americans were, and still continue to be, arrested at dramatically higher rates than whites, despite similar rates of usage, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/061413-mj-report-rfs-rel4.pdf\">the ACLU\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>1996: Dawn of the medical movement \u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29424\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-29424\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-768x510.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-1180x783.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-960x637.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Card-carrying medical marijuana patients at Los Angeles' first-ever cannabis farmers'market. \u003ccite>(Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With the passage of\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_215,_the_Medical_Marijuana_Initiative_(1996)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Proposition 215\u003c/a> by a solid majority of voters, California bypassed federal law and became the first state to legalize the sale and medical use of cannabis for patients with AIDS, cancer and other serious and painful diseases. Twenty-eight \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">other states and Washington, D.C. \u003ca href=\"http://www.drugpolicy.org/issues/medical-marijuana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have since passed legislation\u003c/a> authorizing medical use of the drug. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the legalization of marijuana medical use in 29 states, it still remains a Schedule 1 drug under federal law, making it difficult for researchers to study its medical effects, as explained in this Above the Noise video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/WbIauaBdQHE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>2012 to now: Recreation time!\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29422\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado voters in 2012 passed the nation's first recreational marijuana law, which went into effect in 2014. \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Colorado_Marijuana_Legalization_Initiative,_Amendment_64_(2012)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amendment 64 \u003c/a>(apparently a popular number), regulates and taxes marijuana and allows adults to possess up to an ounce of the drug. Since then, five other states have followed suit.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Massachusetts will also be joining the party in July 2018. And Maine is likely to eventually hop on board, too: In 2016, Maine voters approved recreational marijuana sales, but the statute was initially vetoed by the state's Republican governor.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"24153 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=24153","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/01/05/reefer-madness-the-twisted-history-of-americas-weed-laws/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":2433,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":58},"modified":1515462096,"excerpt":"There’s nothing simple about pot politics.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"There’s nothing simple about pot politics.","title":"Reefer Madness! The Twisted History of America’s Marijuana Laws | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reefer Madness! The Twisted History of America’s Marijuana Laws","datePublished":"2018-01-05T17:19:20-08:00","dateModified":"2018-01-08T17:41:36-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reefer-madness-the-twisted-history-of-americas-weed-laws","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/24153/reefer-madness-the-twisted-history-of-americas-weed-laws","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/The-History-of-Americas-Weed-Laws-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Weed Laws (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Talk about a buzz kill!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, just four days after recreational marijuana became legal to buy and sell in California, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/04/u-s-to-end-lenient-policy-that-let-legal-pot-flourish/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nudged federal prosecutors\u003c/a> to \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">aggressively enforce the federal law that strictly prohibits the drug.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the Justice Department's new stance on the issue, Sessions reversed an Obama-era policy directing federal prosecutors and authorities to generally deprioritize marijuana enforcement, particularly in states that had voted to legalize it for \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">medical or recreational use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sessions previously served as an Alabama senator and a federal prosecutor at the height of the drug war. He insists that marijuana is \"only slightly less awful\" than heroin, blaming it for spikes in violent crime. In May, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-issues-sweeping-new-criminal-charging-policy/2017/05/11/4752bd42-3697-11e7-b373-418f6849a004_story.html?utm_term=.c8b76a95c3e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ordered federal prosecutors\u003c/a> to pursue the most serious charges possible against low-level drug offenders, overriding his predecessor's push for more lenient sentencing guidelines.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New threats of a federal crackdown have been staunchly criticized by liberals who say it will only further the steep human costs of the nation's largely ineffective drug war. Some conservatives also have opposed the action, considering it a states' rights issue. And while some in law enforcement support the tougher approach, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/03/jeff-sessions-marijuana-crackdown-senators-react-235616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bipartisan group of senators\u003c/a> in March even urged Sessions to uphold existing Obama-era marijuana policy of allowing states to implement their own recreational marijuana laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if this most recent change in federal enforcement policy will impact the rollout of California's newly relaxed weed laws.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CJ6MnrTy-Hc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CJ6MnrTy-Hc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marijuana advocates argue that legalizing the drug will lower the number of racially skewed drug arrests. Contrary to Sessions' contention, they say it will also likely reduce violence by undercutting the black market and taking the trade away from criminal organizations. A regulated market, they argue, will also ensure that consumers are purchasing a safer, pure product. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions and other opponents argue that legalization will lead to increased use of the drug, particularly among children and teens, resulting in an uptick in harder drug use and violent criminal behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Marijuana is not the kind of thing that ought to be legalized,\" said Sessions. \"It ought not to be minimized. It is, in fact, a very real danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meanwhile, marijuana has long reigned supreme as the nation’s most popular illicit drug. And \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Americans seem to be increasingly open to legalizing it: In a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://news.gallup.com/poll/221018/record-high-support-legalizing-marijuana.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recent Gallup Poll\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 64 percent of respondents said they were for it, the highest (no pun intended) level of public support in the nearly half-century of polling on the issue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll.png 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll-160x83.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll-240x124.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll-375x194.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/gallup-poll-520x269.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California's legal shift, which went into effect on Jan. 1, was set in motion when voters passed \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_64,_Marijuana_Legalization_(2016)\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proposition 64\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 2016, a full two decades after it became the first state to legalize medicinal marijuana.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For a place known for its trendsetting ways and love of all things green, California is actually a bit late to the rec room: It’s the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newsweek.com/where-recreational-marijuana-legal-691593\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sixth state\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to hop on board the legal weed train, trailing Colorado, Washington, Alaska, Oregon, Nevada and, yes, even the nation’s capital. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But as the nation’s most populous state, and biggest marijuana producer, California's legal shift is being considered a dramatic step toward mainstreaming what promises to be an incredibly lucrative industry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the state's new rules, people who are 21 and older can legally purchase up to an ounce of weed and grow up to six plants per residence. Smoking in public, however, is still subject to fines (unless permitted by local jurisdiction). \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And because marijuana sales are now taxable, the shift promises to be a huge windfall for the state. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recreational marijuana sales are projected to bring in roughly $5 billion in annual sales, and about 35 percent will go to local and state taxes, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/337788-legal-pot-to-be-5-billion-business-in-california-study\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">according to a study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> commissioned by the state regulatory agency tasked with overseeing the, um, budding new market.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government's most recent backlash against marijuana's latest resurgence is little surprise, given America's long, racially fueled war against the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What follows is a twisted history of a very contentious weed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1600s to mid-1800s: Cannabis literally becomes part of the national fabric\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-29417 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2-160x93.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2-240x139.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2-375x218.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/hemp-farming-begins-taking-root-2-520x302.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the early 1600s, the British government encouraged colonial farmers to produce hemp, a form of cannabis with low levels of the psychoactive ingredient THC. The extremely hardy, fast-growing plant was primarily used for the production of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rope, sails, clothing and paper, a fiber critical to the British and Spanish empires. In 1619, the Virginia Assembly passed a law that flat-out \u003ca href=\"http://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/1619-laws-enacted-by-the-first-general-assembly-of-virginia\">required farmers\u003c/a> to grow it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the 19th century, as hemp production waned, more potent forms of cannabis were used as ingredients in many medicinal products and sold openly in pharmacies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1900 - 1920s: \"The Marijuana Menace\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29418\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-29418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed.jpg 635w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-160x153.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-240x230.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-375x359.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-520x498.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/locoed-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Front page of the Ogden Standard (Utah) from Sept. 25, 1915. \u003ccite>(flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After the Mexican Revolution of 1910, a wave of Mexican immigrants poured into the southwestern U.S. and helped popularize the recreational use of the drug. Cannabis in Spanish was referred to as “marihuana” or \"mariguana\u003ci>\" (\"marijuana\"\u003c/i> is the Anglicized bastardization).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the drug grew more popular, it was negatively associated with Mexican immigrants. Anti-drug campaigners began to warn against the encroaching \"Marijuana Menace,\" describing the terrible crimes attributed to the drug and the Mexicans who used it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was only referred to as marijuana \"because anti-cannabis factions wanted to underscore the drug's 'Mexican-ness,' meant to play off of anti-immigrant sentiments,\" noted Matt Thompson from NPR's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/07/14/201981025/the-mysterious-history-of-marijuana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code Switch blog.\u003c/a> (It's also the reason why some cannabis advocates today consider \"marijuana\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.shopharborside.com/learn/the-M-word.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a derogatory term\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rumors quickly spread of Mexicans distributing this \"demon weed,\" or \"locoweed,\" to unsuspecting American schoolchildren, wrote author Eric Schlosser in his 1994 Atlantic article \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1994/08/reefer-madness/303476/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reefer Madness\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In port cities along the Gulf Coast, the drug also became associated with West Indian immigrants, a connection broadly extended to African-Americans, jazz musicians, prostitutes and lower-class whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'The Marijuana Menace,' as sketched by anti-drug campaigners, was personified by inferior races and social deviants,\" Schlosser added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1913, California (of all places) \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009145099902600204?journalCode=cdxa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passed the first state cannabis prohibition law.\u003c/a> The effort was sponsored by the state Board of Pharmacy as part of a larger anti-narcotics campaign (even though there was at the time still little public concern about cannabis). Proposed by Henry Finger, a powerful member of the board, the law was intended to supposedly prevent the spread of the drug's use by “Hindoo” immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Within the last year we in California have been getting a large influx of Hindoos and they have in turn started quite a demand for cannabis indica,\" wrote Finger \u003ca href=\"http://www.canorml.org/background/caloriginsmjproh.pdf\">in a 1911 letter\u003c/a> (page 18). \"They are a very undesirable lot and the habit is growing in California very fast; the fear is now that it is not being confined to the Hindoos alone but that they are initiating our whites into this habit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>1930s: Reefer Madness\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"326\" height=\"489\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer.jpeg 326w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/reefer-240x360.jpeg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 326px) 100vw, 326px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poster from a later release of the 1936 film. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Widespread unemployment and poverty during the Great Depression furthered resentment and fear of immigrants and minorities, and fueled concerns about the perceived ills of the drug that had become associated with them. A flurry of pseudo-research linked the use of the drug to violence, crime and other socially deviant behaviors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harry J. Anslinger, the first commissioner of the newly created Federal Bureau of Narcotics, insisted that marijuana led to “insanity, criminality, and death.\" \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By 1931, 29 states had outlawed it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The debut of \"Reefer Madness\" in 1936, one in a series of anti-marijuana propaganda films released at the time, helped fuel hysteria about the drug. Originally titled \"Tell Your Children,\" the film centers on a series of hyperbolic events that ensue when innocent high school students are lured into trying marijuana — from a hit-and-run accident to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, hallucinations and a rapid descent into madness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aYHDzrdXHEA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aYHDzrdXHEA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Following a lurid national propaganda campaign against the \"evil weed,\" Congress passed the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, the first time the drug was regulated and taxed by the government. The statute effectively criminalized marijuana, outlawing its possession and sale and restricting it to individuals who paid an excise tax for certain authorized medical and industrial uses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1960s-1970s: The counterculture and the crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29409\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-29409 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-1020x1536.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"964\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-1020x1536.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-160x241.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-800x1205.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-768x1156.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-1180x1777.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-960x1446.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-240x361.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-375x565.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out-520x783.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/smoke-out.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman smokes a joint at the 1970 \"Honor America Day\" peace rally in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(David Fenton/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Widespread adoption of marijuana by both young hippies in the anti-war movement and the white middle class briefly resulted in more relaxed attitudes and enforcement. Reports commissioned by Presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson found that marijuana use did not induce violence or lead to u\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">se of heavier drugs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But that high didn't last long. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As part of President Richard Nixon's anti-drug efforts, Congress in 1970 passed the Controlled Substances Act. It created various legal categories, or schedules, for different types of drugs, depending on their perceived public threat. Cannabis was placed alongside heroin and LSD into Schedule 1, the most restrictive category, reserved for drugs deemed to have no medical benefit and the highest potential for abuse. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Including cannabis in this category was more a reflection of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Nixon’s animus toward the counterculture with which he associated marijuana than scientific, medical, or legal opinion,\" \u003c/span>Scott C. Martin, a history professor at Bowling Green State University, \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4298038/marijuana-history-in-america/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">wrote \u003c/span>in Time magazine\u003c/a>. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Schedule I designation, he said, made it difficult even for physicians or scientists to procure marijuana for research studies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the bipartisan Shafer Commission, an investigative committee appointed by Nixon to study drug abuse in America, went on to recommend that possession of small amounts of marijuana be decriminalized. In 1972, a year after Nixon declared his \"war on drugs,\" the commission presented its findings to Congress in a report titled:\"\u003ca href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015015647558;view=1up;seq=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marihuana, A Signal of Misunderstanding\u003c/a>\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It noted that most marijuana users were not dangerous at all, but rather more \"timid, drowsy and passive.\" It concluded that cannabis did not pose any widespread danger to society, and recommended using social measures other than criminalization to discourage its use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the nation' increasingly restrictive drug laws, the commission stated:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Unless present policy is redirected, we will perpetuate the same problems, tolerate the same social costs, and find ourselves as we do now, no further along the road to a more rational legal and social approach than we were in 1914.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, Nixon vehemently rejected his commission's findings, forging ahead with his anti-drug agenda, and the following year Congress\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> created the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), a merger of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNND) and the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (ODALE).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, though, did significantly influence state governments. A movement spearheaded by the newly established National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) resulted in Oregon passing the first decriminalization statute in 1973. Over the next five years, \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=J4wYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT58#v=onepage&q=nebraska&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 other states\u003c/a> followed suit, from California to (astoundingly) Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>1986: Mandatory minimum drug sentencing\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-800x427.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-800x427.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-160x85.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-768x410.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-1020x545.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-1180x630.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-960x513.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-240x128.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-375x200.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700-520x278.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/crack-war-1-1311x700.jpg 1311w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">President Reagan in 1986 signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, instituting mandatory sentences for drug-related crimes. The legislation had actually been championed by Democrats, who saw a political opportunity to outdo Republicans by \"getting tough on drugs.\" The shift was in part a response to the nation's shock over the death of Celtics star draft pick Len Bias from a cocaine overdose.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29445\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1429px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-29445 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1429\" height=\"914\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737.jpg 1429w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-768x491.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-1180x755.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-960x614.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-375x240.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Trends-in-US-Corrections-e1515448755737-520x333.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1429px) 100vw, 1429px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The astronomical surge in America's state and federal prison population was due in large part to increasingly strict drug laws enacted in the 1970s and 1980s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Sentencing Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The law increased \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">federal penalties for the sale and possession of an array of drugs, including marijuana, with the penalties based on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/snitch/primer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">amount of the drug involved\u003c/a>. Under the law, possession of 100 marijuana plants received the same penalty as possession of 100 grams of heroin. A later amendment established a \"three strikes and you're out\" policy, requiring life sentences for repeat drug offenders.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the law, drug-related arrests soared, spurring a massive increase in the state and federal prison populations. At the time of the law's enactment in1986, there were roughly 400,000 inmates in America's prison system. By 2015, the population had nearly quadrupled, to a peak of almost 1.5 million, giving the U.S. the dubious distinction as the largest jailer in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana arrests factored heavily in this increase, accounting for more than half of all drug arrests, mostly for possession. African-Americans were, and still continue to be, arrested at dramatically higher rates than whites, despite similar rates of usage, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/061413-mj-report-rfs-rel4.pdf\">the ACLU\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>1996: Dawn of the medical movement \u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29424\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-29424\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-768x510.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-1180x783.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-960x637.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS24080_GettyImages-451708374-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Card-carrying medical marijuana patients at Los Angeles' first-ever cannabis farmers'market. \u003ccite>(Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With the passage of\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_215,_the_Medical_Marijuana_Initiative_(1996)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Proposition 215\u003c/a> by a solid majority of voters, California bypassed federal law and became the first state to legalize the sale and medical use of cannabis for patients with AIDS, cancer and other serious and painful diseases. Twenty-eight \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">other states and Washington, D.C. \u003ca href=\"http://www.drugpolicy.org/issues/medical-marijuana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have since passed legislation\u003c/a> authorizing medical use of the drug. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the legalization of marijuana medical use in 29 states, it still remains a Schedule 1 drug under federal law, making it difficult for researchers to study its medical effects, as explained in this Above the Noise video.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/WbIauaBdQHE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/WbIauaBdQHE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>2012 to now: Recreation time!\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29422\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/RS4903_marajuanasales-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado voters in 2012 passed the nation's first recreational marijuana law, which went into effect in 2014. \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Colorado_Marijuana_Legalization_Initiative,_Amendment_64_(2012)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amendment 64 \u003c/a>(apparently a popular number), regulates and taxes marijuana and allows adults to possess up to an ounce of the drug. Since then, five other states have followed suit.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Massachusetts will also be joining the party in July 2018. And Maine is likely to eventually hop on board, too: In 2016, Maine voters approved recreational marijuana sales, but the statute was initially vetoed by the state's Republican governor.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/24153/reefer-madness-the-twisted-history-of-americas-weed-laws","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_552","lowdown_2399","lowdown_1","lowdown_2372","lowdown_2361"],"tags":["lowdown_2642","lowdown_2337","lowdown_2641","lowdown_2643"],"featImg":"lowdown_29412","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_28919":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_28919","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"28919","score":null,"sort":[1513841188000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1513841188,"format":"video","disqusTitle":"New Tax Plan Got You Confused? Find Out What It All Means with These Handy Resources","title":"New Tax Plan Got You Confused? Find Out What It All Means with These Handy Resources","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->All that's left to do now is sign the darn thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican-controlled House of Representatives gave final approval Wednesday (for the second time) to a $1.5 trillion tax cut, the biggest overhaul of the U.S. tax code in 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Party leaders rushed the hastily drafted bill through Congress in a matter of weeks in a largely secretive process that included no public hearings. It now heads to the White House for President Trump to sign into law, allowing him to triumphantly fulfill a long-standing campaign promise and claim his first legislative victory since taking office nearly a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nutshell, t\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he legislation:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permanently slashes the tax rate for corporations from 35 percent to 21 percent. It also includes moderate tax cuts for some individuals and families, but those cuts are only temporary; they expire in 2026, and taxes for many lower- and middle-class Americans will actually go up after that.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Will add more than $1 trillion (that's with 12 zeros) to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/budget-deficit.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal deficit\u003c/a> over the next 10 years, according to a preliminary estimate by the nonpartisan congressional \u003ca href=\"https://www.jct.gov/publications.html?func=startdown&id=5054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint Committee on Taxation\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Nearly doubles the standard deduction — from $6,350 to $12,000 for single filers and $12,700 to $24,000 for married couples filing jointly — encouraging many more people to take it.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imposes a new $10,000 cap on deductions for state and local income taxes and property and sales taxes (currently, it’s unlimited), a change expected to be particularly detrimental to millions of residents of high-tax states like California, New York and New Jersey. Companies, though, will still be able to deduct state and local taxes as normal business expenses.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Repeals the individual mandate in the “Obamacare” health care law, which currently requires all Americans to buy health insurance or pay a tax penalty (this doesn't go into effect until 2019).\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Doubles the current $1,000 per-child tax credit.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And oddly \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">... opens up Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil and gas drilling.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Passed without the support of a single Democrat, the bitterly divisive tax plan underscores the two parties' diametrically opposed visions on how best to grow America's economy and serve its people. Trump and other Republican champions of the legislation insist that the massive cuts will pay for themselves, a test of their long-held conviction that slashing taxes for corporations and the wealthy stimulates economic growth and creates lots of new jobs and higher wages. It's a theory that has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/business/economy/tax-bill-economy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">repeatedly disproved\u003c/a> by recent historical experience: The large tax cuts pushed through by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 and President George W. Bush in 2001 and 2003 all led to temporary economic boosts that quickly petered out, resulting in extended slowdowns and rising deficits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new plan, high-income earners are likely to benefit the most, with the top 5 percent of taxpayers receiving more than 40 percent of all savings, according to the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/publications/distributional-analysis-conference-agreement-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tax Policy Cente\u003c/a>r. That includes Trump himself, who despite insisting that he would be a“big loser” under the tax bill, \u003ca href=\"https://nyti.ms/2DwxfE8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stands to likely save millions of dollars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s in this \"massive\" tax package, and what does it all mean for you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are six good, objective resources (despite what Trump might call them) handpicked from various legit media and policy outlets that help demystify an astoundingly complicated and controversial measure that will inevitably affect us all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003cstrong>CNN Money\u003c/strong>: If you've got less than two minutes to spare, check out this quick and dirty video rundown of the bill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/rmGU1EdLWfs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>CNN\u003c/strong> (again): Let's get down to brass tacks: How is this whole deal going to affect your taxes? There's a large and growing stockpile of decent interactive tax calculators out there, where you plug in your basic financial info and it shows how your rates will change under the new plan, starting in 2018. CNN's calculator is the most user-friendly one I've come across so far:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/13/politics/calculate-americans-taxes-senate-reform-bill/index.html?sr=twCNN122017calculate-americans-taxes-senate-reform-bill0150PMStory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-29340 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1.jpg 754w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1-240x185.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1-375x289.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1-520x401.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>New York Times\u003c/strong>: An easy-to-read chart listing the tax plan's main components and how things are slated to change:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-29346 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-1020x714.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-1020x714.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-160x112.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-800x560.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-768x538.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-1180x827.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-960x672.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-240x168.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-375x263.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-520x364.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. \u003cstrong>Washington Post\u003c/strong>: 10 of the most important things to know about the new tax plan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/business/tax-bill-overview/?utm_term=.2b4df4410ca1\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-29345 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-1020x567.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-1020x567.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-160x89.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-800x445.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-768x427.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-1180x656.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-960x534.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-1038x576.png 1038w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-240x133.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-375x209.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-520x289.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM.png 1230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. \u003cstrong>ABC News\u003c/strong>: Two smarty-pants economists with opposing viewpoints debate the merits of the bill (also worth checking out this \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/business/economy/tax-plan-economists.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economist face-off\u003c/a>\" in the NY Times):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Oeuo26LPKrI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. \u003cstrong>Tax Policy Center\u003c/strong>: In the runup to the tax bill's passage, there was lots of talk about how the U.S. tax system compared to those in other wealthy nations. Proponents of the bill have long argued that the U.S. has one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world, and that lowering it is essential for attracting and retaining big businesses and accelerating industrial growth. But although the U.S. corporate tax rate is comparatively high, the overall taxes that Americans pay (as a percent of GDP) is actually much lower than the average rate in other wealthy nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-do-us-taxes-compare-internationally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-29339 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"638\" height=\"789\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy.png 638w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy-160x198.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy-240x297.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy-375x464.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy-520x643.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"28919 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=28919","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/12/20/six-solid-resources-for-making-some-sense-of-the-republican-tax-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":870,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":20},"modified":1514070002,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"New Tax Plan Got You Confused? Find Out What It All Means with These Handy Resources | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Tax Plan Got You Confused? Find Out What It All Means with These Handy Resources","datePublished":"2017-12-20T23:26:28-08:00","dateModified":"2017-12-23T15:00:02-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"six-solid-resources-for-making-some-sense-of-the-republican-tax-plan","status":"publish","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/E0DVS_GwKxw","path":"/lowdown/28919/six-solid-resources-for-making-some-sense-of-the-republican-tax-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->All that's left to do now is sign the darn thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican-controlled House of Representatives gave final approval Wednesday (for the second time) to a $1.5 trillion tax cut, the biggest overhaul of the U.S. tax code in 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Party leaders rushed the hastily drafted bill through Congress in a matter of weeks in a largely secretive process that included no public hearings. It now heads to the White House for President Trump to sign into law, allowing him to triumphantly fulfill a long-standing campaign promise and claim his first legislative victory since taking office nearly a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nutshell, t\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he legislation:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permanently slashes the tax rate for corporations from 35 percent to 21 percent. It also includes moderate tax cuts for some individuals and families, but those cuts are only temporary; they expire in 2026, and taxes for many lower- and middle-class Americans will actually go up after that.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Will add more than $1 trillion (that's with 12 zeros) to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/budget-deficit.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal deficit\u003c/a> over the next 10 years, according to a preliminary estimate by the nonpartisan congressional \u003ca href=\"https://www.jct.gov/publications.html?func=startdown&id=5054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint Committee on Taxation\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Nearly doubles the standard deduction — from $6,350 to $12,000 for single filers and $12,700 to $24,000 for married couples filing jointly — encouraging many more people to take it.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imposes a new $10,000 cap on deductions for state and local income taxes and property and sales taxes (currently, it’s unlimited), a change expected to be particularly detrimental to millions of residents of high-tax states like California, New York and New Jersey. Companies, though, will still be able to deduct state and local taxes as normal business expenses.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Repeals the individual mandate in the “Obamacare” health care law, which currently requires all Americans to buy health insurance or pay a tax penalty (this doesn't go into effect until 2019).\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Doubles the current $1,000 per-child tax credit.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And oddly \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">... opens up Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil and gas drilling.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Passed without the support of a single Democrat, the bitterly divisive tax plan underscores the two parties' diametrically opposed visions on how best to grow America's economy and serve its people. Trump and other Republican champions of the legislation insist that the massive cuts will pay for themselves, a test of their long-held conviction that slashing taxes for corporations and the wealthy stimulates economic growth and creates lots of new jobs and higher wages. It's a theory that has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/business/economy/tax-bill-economy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">repeatedly disproved\u003c/a> by recent historical experience: The large tax cuts pushed through by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 and President George W. Bush in 2001 and 2003 all led to temporary economic boosts that quickly petered out, resulting in extended slowdowns and rising deficits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new plan, high-income earners are likely to benefit the most, with the top 5 percent of taxpayers receiving more than 40 percent of all savings, according to the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/publications/distributional-analysis-conference-agreement-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tax Policy Cente\u003c/a>r. That includes Trump himself, who despite insisting that he would be a“big loser” under the tax bill, \u003ca href=\"https://nyti.ms/2DwxfE8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stands to likely save millions of dollars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s in this \"massive\" tax package, and what does it all mean for you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are six good, objective resources (despite what Trump might call them) handpicked from various legit media and policy outlets that help demystify an astoundingly complicated and controversial measure that will inevitably affect us all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003cstrong>CNN Money\u003c/strong>: If you've got less than two minutes to spare, check out this quick and dirty video rundown of the bill:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rmGU1EdLWfs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rmGU1EdLWfs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>CNN\u003c/strong> (again): Let's get down to brass tacks: How is this whole deal going to affect your taxes? There's a large and growing stockpile of decent interactive tax calculators out there, where you plug in your basic financial info and it shows how your rates will change under the new plan, starting in 2018. CNN's calculator is the most user-friendly one I've come across so far:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/13/politics/calculate-americans-taxes-senate-reform-bill/index.html?sr=twCNN122017calculate-americans-taxes-senate-reform-bill0150PMStory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-29340 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1.jpg 754w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1-240x185.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1-375x289.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/cnn-calc-1-520x401.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>New York Times\u003c/strong>: An easy-to-read chart listing the tax plan's main components and how things are slated to change:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-29346 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-1020x714.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-1020x714.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-160x112.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-800x560.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-768x538.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-1180x827.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-960x672.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-240x168.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-375x263.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-12.30.47-PM-e1513888399711-520x364.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. \u003cstrong>Washington Post\u003c/strong>: 10 of the most important things to know about the new tax plan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/business/tax-bill-overview/?utm_term=.2b4df4410ca1\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-29345 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-1020x567.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-1020x567.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-160x89.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-800x445.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-768x427.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-1180x656.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-960x534.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-1038x576.png 1038w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-240x133.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-375x209.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM-520x289.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-21-at-11.22.40-AM.png 1230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. \u003cstrong>ABC News\u003c/strong>: Two smarty-pants economists with opposing viewpoints debate the merits of the bill (also worth checking out this \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/business/economy/tax-plan-economists.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economist face-off\u003c/a>\" in the NY Times):\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Oeuo26LPKrI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Oeuo26LPKrI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>6. \u003cstrong>Tax Policy Center\u003c/strong>: In the runup to the tax bill's passage, there was lots of talk about how the U.S. tax system compared to those in other wealthy nations. Proponents of the bill have long argued that the U.S. has one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world, and that lowering it is essential for attracting and retaining big businesses and accelerating industrial growth. But although the U.S. corporate tax rate is comparatively high, the overall taxes that Americans pay (as a percent of GDP) is actually much lower than the average rate in other wealthy nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-do-us-taxes-compare-internationally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-29339 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"638\" height=\"789\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy.png 638w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy-160x198.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy-240x297.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy-375x464.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/tax_policy-520x643.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/28919/six-solid-resources-for-making-some-sense-of-the-republican-tax-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_1","lowdown_2370"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_123"],"featImg":"lowdown_29322","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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