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"disqusTitle": "Day-Tripping to the Dispensary: Seniors Hop Aboard the Canna-Bus",
"title": "Day-Tripping to the Dispensary: Seniors Hop Aboard the Canna-Bus",
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"content": "\u003cp>Shirley Avedon, 90, had never been a cannabis user. But carpal tunnel syndrome that sends shooting pains into both of her hands and an aversion to conventional steroid and surgical treatments is prompting her to consider some new options.[contextly_sidebar id=\"5ee5PAwSPV305kcHFGTk8K3BJPlD6Byj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very painful, sometimes I can’t even open my hand,” Avedon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for the second time in two months, she’s climbed on board a bus that provides seniors at the Laguna Woods Village retirement community in Orange County, with a free shuttle to a nearby marijuana dispensary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retired manager of an oncology office says she’s seeking the same relief she saw cancer patients get from smoking marijuana 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that time [marijuana] wasn’t legal, so they used to get it off their children,” she said with a laugh. “It was fantastic what it did for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avedon, who doesn’t want to get high from anything she uses, picked up a topical cream on her first trip that was sold as a pain reliever. It contained cannabidiol, or CBD, but was formulated without THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, marijuana’s psychoactive ingredient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped a little,” she said. “Now I’m going back for the second time hoping they have something better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more states legalize marijuana for medical or recreational use — 30 states plus the District of Columbia to date — the cannabis industry is booming. Among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5300687/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fastest growing group\u003c/a> of users: people over 50, with especially steep increases among those 65 and older. And some dispensaries are tailoring their pitches to seniors like Avedon who are seeking alternative treatments for their aches, pains and other medical conditions.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yVY8GMNy1scMP5h4RfGXepXWi4YTpexN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this particular morning, about 35 seniors climb on board the free shuttle — paid for by Bud and Bloom, a licensed cannabis dispensary in Santa Ana. After about a half-hour drive, the large white bus pulls up to the parking lot of the dispensary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of the seniors on board today are repeat customers; the other half are cannabis newbies who’ve never tried it before, said Kandice Hawes, director of community outreach for Bud and Bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-444512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents of Laguna Woods Village, a retirement community in Orange County, Calif., ride a free shuttle to a marijuana dispensary in August.(STEPHANIE O’NEILL FOR KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Not everybody is coming to be a customer,” Hawes said. “A lot are just coming to be educated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them, Layla Sabet, 72, a first-timer seeking relief from back pain that keeps her awake at night, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m taking so much medication to sleep and still I can’t sleep,” she said. “So I’m trying it for the back pain and the sleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawes invited the seniors into a large room with chairs and a table set up with free sandwiches and drinks. As they ate, she gave a presentation focused on the potential benefits of cannabis as a reliever of anxiety, insomnia and chronic pain and the various ways people can consume it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several vendors on site took turns speaking to the group about the goods they sell. Then, the seniors entered the dispensary for the chance to buy everything from old-school rolled joints and high-tech vaporizer pens to liquid sublingual tinctures, topical creams and an assortment of sweet, cannabis-infused edibles.[contextly_sidebar id=\"GecDtFoNYBPsmX1oCAw267dH2NyqP03S\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Lebowitz, 75, is a return customer who suffers pain from back surgery two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He prefers to eat his cannabis, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got chocolate and I got gummies,” he told a visitor. “Never had the chocolate before, but I’ve had the gummies and they worked pretty good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gummies” are cannabis-infused chewy candies. His contain both the CBD and THC, two active ingredients in marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Tauchman rings up sales at one of several Bud and Bloom registers in the dispensary. Fear of getting high is the biggest concern expressed by senior consumers, who make up the bulk of the dispensary’s new business, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they don’t realize is there’s so many different ways to medicate now that you don’t have to actually get high to relieve all your aches and pains,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite such enthusiasm, marijuana isn’t well researched, said Dr. David Reuben, the Archstone Foundation professor of medicine and geriatrics at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cannabis is legal both medically and recreationally in California, it remains a Schedule 1 substance — meaning it’s illegal under federal law. And that makes it harder to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limited research that exists suggests that marijuana may be helpful in treating pain and nausea, according to a research overview published last year by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Less conclusive research points to it helping with sleep problems and anxiety.[contextly_sidebar id=\"O0pnvY7nsyO04cAtYDrpqvAEjxhmliPb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reuben said he sees a growing number of patients interested in using it for things like anxiety, chronic pain and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am, in general, fairly supportive of this because these are conditions [for which] there aren’t good alternatives,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Reuben cautions his patients that products bought at marijuana dispensaries aren’t FDA-regulated, as are prescription drugs. That means dose and consistency can vary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still so much left to learn about how to package, how to ensure quality and standards,” he said. “So the question is how to make sure the people are getting high-quality product and then testing its effectiveness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are risks associated with cannabis use too, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.samhsa.gov/about-us/who-we-are/leadership/biographies/elinore-mccance-katz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Elinore McCance-Katz\u003c/a>, who directs the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have an industry that does nothing but blanket our society with messages about the medicinal value of marijuana, people get the idea this is a safe substance to use. And that’s not true,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Side effects can include increased heart rate, nausea and vomiting, and with long-term use, there’s a potential for addiction, some studies say. \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana#ref\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research suggests\u003c/a> that between 9 and 30 percent of those who use marijuana may develop some degree of marijuana use disorder.[contextly_sidebar id=\"6j0KZXlPn7yaSYGjVSehNhYUNN3fBDa4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Reuben said, if it gets patients off more addictive and potentially dangerous prescription drugs — like opioids — all the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Levy, 71, suffers a pinched nerve that shoots pain down both his legs. He uses a topical cream and ingests cannabis gelatin capsules and lozenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no way to measure, but I’d say it gets rid of 90 percent of the pain,” said Levy, who — like other seniors here — pays for these products out-of-pocket, as Medicare doesn’t cover cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got something they say is wonderful and I hope it works,” said Shirley Avedon. “It’s a cream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price tag: $90. Avedon said if it helps ease the carpal tunnel pain she suffers, it’ll be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s better than having surgery,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precautions To Keep In Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though marijuana use remains illegal under federal law, it’s legal in some form in 30 states and the District of Columbia. And a growing number of Americans are considering trying it for health reasons. For people who are, doctors advise the following cautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Talk to your doctor.\u003c/strong> Tell your doctor you’re thinking about trying medical marijuana. Although he or she may have some concerns, most doctors won’t judge you for seeking out alternative treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make sure your prescriber is aware of all the medications you take. Marijuana might have dangerous interactions with prescription medications, particularly medicines that can be sedating, said Dr. Benjamin Han, a geriatrician at New York University School of Medicine who studies marijuana use in the elderly.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ALEswggsqFbUQfgVlASKJNkpkpppsnzm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watch out for dosing.\u003c/strong> Older adults metabolize drugs differently than young people. If your doctor gives you the go-ahead, try the lowest possible dose first to avoid feeling intoxicated. And be especially careful with edibles. They can have very concentrated doses that don’t take effect right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elderly people are also more sensitive to side effects. If you start to feel unwell, talk to your doctor right away. “When you’re older, you’re more vulnerable to the side effects of everything,” Han said. “I’m cautious about everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look for licensed providers.\u003c/strong> In some states like California, licensed dispensaries must test for contaminants. Be especially careful with marijuana bought illegally. “If you’re just buying marijuana down the street … you don’t really know what’s in that,” said Dr. Joshua Briscoe, a palliative care doctor at Duke University School of Medicine who has studied the use of marijuana for pain and nausea in older patients. “Buyer, beware.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bottom line:\u003c/strong> The research on medical marijuana is limited. There’s even less we know about marijuana use in older people. Proceed with caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jenny Gold and Mara Gordon contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a partnership that includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/news/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a> and Kaiser Health News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"credits\">\u003cem>KHN’s coverage of these topics is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.jhartfound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John A. Hartford Foundation\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://www.thescanfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The SCAN Foundation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The cannabis industry is booming and older Americans are among the fastest growing group of users. Some dispensaries are even tailoring their pitches to seniors seeking alternative treatments for their health conditions.",
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"description": "The cannabis industry is booming and older Americans are among the fastest growing group of users. Some dispensaries are even tailoring their pitches to seniors seeking alternative treatments for their health conditions.",
"title": "Day-Tripping to the Dispensary: Seniors Hop Aboard the Canna-Bus | KQED",
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"headline": "Day-Tripping to the Dispensary: Seniors Hop Aboard the Canna-Bus",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Shirley Avedon, 90, had never been a cannabis user. But carpal tunnel syndrome that sends shooting pains into both of her hands and an aversion to conventional steroid and surgical treatments is prompting her to consider some new options.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very painful, sometimes I can’t even open my hand,” Avedon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for the second time in two months, she’s climbed on board a bus that provides seniors at the Laguna Woods Village retirement community in Orange County, with a free shuttle to a nearby marijuana dispensary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retired manager of an oncology office says she’s seeking the same relief she saw cancer patients get from smoking marijuana 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that time [marijuana] wasn’t legal, so they used to get it off their children,” she said with a laugh. “It was fantastic what it did for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avedon, who doesn’t want to get high from anything she uses, picked up a topical cream on her first trip that was sold as a pain reliever. It contained cannabidiol, or CBD, but was formulated without THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, marijuana’s psychoactive ingredient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped a little,” she said. “Now I’m going back for the second time hoping they have something better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more states legalize marijuana for medical or recreational use — 30 states plus the District of Columbia to date — the cannabis industry is booming. Among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5300687/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fastest growing group\u003c/a> of users: people over 50, with especially steep increases among those 65 and older. And some dispensaries are tailoring their pitches to seniors like Avedon who are seeking alternative treatments for their aches, pains and other medical conditions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this particular morning, about 35 seniors climb on board the free shuttle — paid for by Bud and Bloom, a licensed cannabis dispensary in Santa Ana. After about a half-hour drive, the large white bus pulls up to the parking lot of the dispensary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of the seniors on board today are repeat customers; the other half are cannabis newbies who’ve never tried it before, said Kandice Hawes, director of community outreach for Bud and Bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-444512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents of Laguna Woods Village, a retirement community in Orange County, Calif., ride a free shuttle to a marijuana dispensary in August.(STEPHANIE O’NEILL FOR KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Not everybody is coming to be a customer,” Hawes said. “A lot are just coming to be educated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them, Layla Sabet, 72, a first-timer seeking relief from back pain that keeps her awake at night, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m taking so much medication to sleep and still I can’t sleep,” she said. “So I’m trying it for the back pain and the sleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawes invited the seniors into a large room with chairs and a table set up with free sandwiches and drinks. As they ate, she gave a presentation focused on the potential benefits of cannabis as a reliever of anxiety, insomnia and chronic pain and the various ways people can consume it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several vendors on site took turns speaking to the group about the goods they sell. Then, the seniors entered the dispensary for the chance to buy everything from old-school rolled joints and high-tech vaporizer pens to liquid sublingual tinctures, topical creams and an assortment of sweet, cannabis-infused edibles.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Lebowitz, 75, is a return customer who suffers pain from back surgery two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He prefers to eat his cannabis, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got chocolate and I got gummies,” he told a visitor. “Never had the chocolate before, but I’ve had the gummies and they worked pretty good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gummies” are cannabis-infused chewy candies. His contain both the CBD and THC, two active ingredients in marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Tauchman rings up sales at one of several Bud and Bloom registers in the dispensary. Fear of getting high is the biggest concern expressed by senior consumers, who make up the bulk of the dispensary’s new business, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they don’t realize is there’s so many different ways to medicate now that you don’t have to actually get high to relieve all your aches and pains,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite such enthusiasm, marijuana isn’t well researched, said Dr. David Reuben, the Archstone Foundation professor of medicine and geriatrics at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cannabis is legal both medically and recreationally in California, it remains a Schedule 1 substance — meaning it’s illegal under federal law. And that makes it harder to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limited research that exists suggests that marijuana may be helpful in treating pain and nausea, according to a research overview published last year by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Less conclusive research points to it helping with sleep problems and anxiety.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reuben said he sees a growing number of patients interested in using it for things like anxiety, chronic pain and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am, in general, fairly supportive of this because these are conditions [for which] there aren’t good alternatives,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Reuben cautions his patients that products bought at marijuana dispensaries aren’t FDA-regulated, as are prescription drugs. That means dose and consistency can vary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still so much left to learn about how to package, how to ensure quality and standards,” he said. “So the question is how to make sure the people are getting high-quality product and then testing its effectiveness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are risks associated with cannabis use too, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.samhsa.gov/about-us/who-we-are/leadership/biographies/elinore-mccance-katz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Elinore McCance-Katz\u003c/a>, who directs the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have an industry that does nothing but blanket our society with messages about the medicinal value of marijuana, people get the idea this is a safe substance to use. And that’s not true,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Side effects can include increased heart rate, nausea and vomiting, and with long-term use, there’s a potential for addiction, some studies say. \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana#ref\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research suggests\u003c/a> that between 9 and 30 percent of those who use marijuana may develop some degree of marijuana use disorder.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Reuben said, if it gets patients off more addictive and potentially dangerous prescription drugs — like opioids — all the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Levy, 71, suffers a pinched nerve that shoots pain down both his legs. He uses a topical cream and ingests cannabis gelatin capsules and lozenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no way to measure, but I’d say it gets rid of 90 percent of the pain,” said Levy, who — like other seniors here — pays for these products out-of-pocket, as Medicare doesn’t cover cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got something they say is wonderful and I hope it works,” said Shirley Avedon. “It’s a cream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price tag: $90. Avedon said if it helps ease the carpal tunnel pain she suffers, it’ll be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s better than having surgery,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precautions To Keep In Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though marijuana use remains illegal under federal law, it’s legal in some form in 30 states and the District of Columbia. And a growing number of Americans are considering trying it for health reasons. For people who are, doctors advise the following cautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Talk to your doctor.\u003c/strong> Tell your doctor you’re thinking about trying medical marijuana. Although he or she may have some concerns, most doctors won’t judge you for seeking out alternative treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make sure your prescriber is aware of all the medications you take. Marijuana might have dangerous interactions with prescription medications, particularly medicines that can be sedating, said Dr. Benjamin Han, a geriatrician at New York University School of Medicine who studies marijuana use in the elderly.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watch out for dosing.\u003c/strong> Older adults metabolize drugs differently than young people. If your doctor gives you the go-ahead, try the lowest possible dose first to avoid feeling intoxicated. And be especially careful with edibles. They can have very concentrated doses that don’t take effect right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elderly people are also more sensitive to side effects. If you start to feel unwell, talk to your doctor right away. “When you’re older, you’re more vulnerable to the side effects of everything,” Han said. “I’m cautious about everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look for licensed providers.\u003c/strong> In some states like California, licensed dispensaries must test for contaminants. Be especially careful with marijuana bought illegally. “If you’re just buying marijuana down the street … you don’t really know what’s in that,” said Dr. Joshua Briscoe, a palliative care doctor at Duke University School of Medicine who has studied the use of marijuana for pain and nausea in older patients. “Buyer, beware.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bottom line:\u003c/strong> The research on medical marijuana is limited. There’s even less we know about marijuana use in older people. Proceed with caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jenny Gold and Mara Gordon contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a partnership that includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/news/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a> and Kaiser Health News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"credits\">\u003cem>KHN’s coverage of these topics is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.jhartfound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John A. Hartford Foundation\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://www.thescanfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The SCAN Foundation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mom, Desperate to Help Her Son, Drove the First Cannabis Pharmaceutical to Market",
"title": "Mom, Desperate to Help Her Son, Drove the First Cannabis Pharmaceutical to Market",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first prescription medication extracted from the marijuana plant is poised to land on pharmacists' shelves this fall. Epidiolex, made from purified cannabidiol, or CBD, a compound found in the cannabis plant,\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/06/25/623236189/fda-green-lights-marijuana-based-pharmaceutical-drug\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is approved for two rare types of epilepsy.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its journey to market was driven forward by one family's quest to find a treatment for their son's epilepsy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'\"I thought, 'My son needs access to that. \"'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientific and public interest in CBD had been percolating for several years before the Food and Drug Administration finally approved Epidiolex in June. But researching CBD — which doesn't cause the mind-altering high that comes from THC, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana — is hard, because of tight restrictions on using cannabis in research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam Vogelstein's family and his doctors found ways to work around those restrictions in their fight to control his seizures.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam’s seizures started in 2005 when he was four years old. It's a moment his mother, Evelyn Nussenbaum, will never forget. The family was saying goodbye to a dinner guest when Sam's face suddenly slackened and he fell forward at the waist.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"He did something that looked like a judo bow after a match,\" says Nussenbaum.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two months passed before Sam had another seizure, but then he started having them every week. Eventually he was suffering through 100 seizures a day.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"When they were bad, they were once every three minutes,\" Nussenbaum says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Roller-Coaster Ride\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam was diagnosed with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-epilepsy-syndromes/epilepsy-myoclonic-absences\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">epilepsy with myoclonic-absences\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is characterized by an abrupt unresponsiveness and then sudden body jerks. The episodes were quick, but dangerous.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_443389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-443389 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/IMG_5817-e1531785628384.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Roberta Cilio, neurologist at UCSF, proudly tells her patient Sam Vogelstein he is cleared to drive a car. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The electricity in Sam's brain would misfire for about five to 20 seconds, enough time to fall down stairs, plunge face first into a dinner plate, or crack his head on a window.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I don't remember a lot of it really,\" says Sam.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He does remember the barrage of medications his doctors put him on. Some helped briefly. Others triggered hallucinations, full body rashes and uncontrolled anger.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Sam is a pretty gentle person,\" his mother says. \"We put him on one medication and it made him angry, and he started punching kids. And it was like, 'Oh my God, this is not my kid.' \"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More than 3.4 million Americans have epilepsy, according to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/about/fast-facts.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but treating the disease is often a riddle doctors find difficult to solve.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam struggled to read, to write, to solve math problems, and Nussenbaum watched her son fall further and further behind in school.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Life for Sam was like a bad cell phone connection: Every few moments the signal dropped out.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"It was scary,\" Nussenbaum says.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I would often cry in my shower or I would drive up to the top of Grizzly Peak [in Berkeley] and sit in my car and scream.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Joining the Underground\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2011, Nussenbaum came across an article in a British medical journal about a small seizure study on rats. The researchers successfully treated the rodents with CBD.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I thought, 'My son needs access to that,' \" says Nussenbaum.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But seven years ago, pure CBD was not easy to get. Many states have since legalized medical marijuana and CBD is widely available at dispensaries and on the internet, but it is still classified as a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schedule 1 \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">drug by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, which means it's illegal under federal law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nussembaum joined an underground epilepsy collective. The group worked with an herbalist to cook up their own CBD. Sam responded well to the first recipe, but his seizures returned while he was medicating with the second batch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we had it tested, there was no CBD,\" says Nussembaum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, Sam's family and another member of the collective tried to make their own CBD. The process produced a rank odor that wafted out into the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talked about what would happen if we get arrested\u003cdel>,\u003c/del>\" said Nussembaum. \"And I thought, you know what, arrest me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pushing for Access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finally, Nussenbaum learned about a British pharmaceutical company, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gwpharm.com/about-us\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">GW Pharmaceuticals, \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that was making a medicine derived from highly concentrated CBD to treat multiple sclerosis patients. After months of phone calls and emails from Sam’s parents, the company agreed to let Sam try the drug, in the U.K. and under a doctor's supervision for two weeks. The family flew to London shortly after.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"After one day his seizures were down to 30,\" says Nussenbaum. \"After two days they were down to 10. After three days he had one seizure.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam didn't suffer any side effects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Back in the U.S., Sam’s parents needed to find a way to keep getting the drug. They collaborated with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/roberta-cilio\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Roberta Cilio\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a neurologist at UC San Francisco. They petitioned the FDA to allow Sam to use the drug under a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ExpandedAccessCompassionateUse/default.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">compassionate use\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> program. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Four months and hundreds of pages of documents later, the FDA allowed Sam to enroll in his own one-person trial at UCSF. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The DEA was a little more cautious. One day two agents knocked on Cilio's office door. After hours of questioning, the two men requested she store the medication in a giant safe weighing close to 1,000 pounds.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to GW Pharmaceuticals, Sam was the first patient in the world to receive Epidiolex, the brand name of the purified CBD strain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>An Expanded Trial and Varying Results\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inspired by Sam’s success, Cilio, and other clinicians, started trying Epidiolex on other patients. In 2015, she and several co-authors published a study \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(15)00379-8/abstract\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">in \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lancet Neurology\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that included 214 patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, all children and young adults\u003c/span>\u003cb>. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">(The trial was partly funded by GW Pharmaceuticals.) \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_443390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-443390\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/DSC-7492-800x1253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam Vogelstein at fencing lessons in Berkeley, CA. \u003ccite>(Fred Vogelstein)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For most patients the results were not as dramatic as they had been for Sam. Seizures dropped in 36.5 percent of patients, which is about the same success rate as other seizure medications, Cilio says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And some patients experienced side effects like fatigue, diarrhea and convulsions. Cilio doesn't know why CBD transforms some lives and other patients don't respond at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"The studies that are out are mostly short term,\" says Cilio. \"We need to learn who the best responders are. Of course, we know this is not a miracle drug.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There have been \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/07/458818829/marijuana-extract-may-help-some-children-with-epilepsy-study-finds\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">other trials of CBD oil\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for intractable epilepsy, which have shown that the substance is helpful for a portion of patients, and several states have legalized \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CBD oil\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> specifically for the treatment of intractable epilepsy or seizure disorders. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CBD has gained popularity with consumers as a remedy for a variety of other ailments. But the products that are available over the counter or in medical cannabis dispensaries aren't regulated the way pharmaceutical drugs are, so the consistency and dose can vary widely.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The FDA's decision to approve Epidiolex means that epilepsy patients will have access to a pharmaceutical-grade drug, which delivers a high-quality, consistent dose of CBD, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/brain-institute/person/robert-carson-md-phd\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">says Robert Carson\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a pediatric neurologist at Vanderbilt University who treats patients with epilepsy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Unanswered Questions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Epidiolex still has to get over one regulatory hurdle. The DEA needs to reclassify CBD so it is no longer considered a\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Schedule 1 \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">substance. Drugs in this category are considered to have no medical use and a high potential for abuse. The FDA's approval of Epidiolex means CBD no longer fits that category, and the reclassification is expected sometime in the fall.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patients will need a prescription to get the drug. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-epilepsy-syndromes/epilepsy-myoclonic-absences\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">GW Pharmaceuticals\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has not released a price yet. And Sam's mom, Evelyn Nussenbaum, worries that some insurance companies might not cover it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the meantime, Sam still gets his drugs from the investigational pharmacy at UCSF. One day he hopes he'll be prescribing the medication to patients like him.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I want to be an epilepsy doctor,\" Sam says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">First he's working on his driving license. Dr. Cilio just cleared Sam to get behind the wheel. He's 17 now and hasn't had a seizure in more than two years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first prescription medication extracted from the marijuana plant is poised to land on pharmacists' shelves this fall. Epidiolex, made from purified cannabidiol, or CBD, a compound found in the cannabis plant,\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/06/25/623236189/fda-green-lights-marijuana-based-pharmaceutical-drug\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is approved for two rare types of epilepsy.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its journey to market was driven forward by one family's quest to find a treatment for their son's epilepsy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'\"I thought, 'My son needs access to that. \"'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientific and public interest in CBD had been percolating for several years before the Food and Drug Administration finally approved Epidiolex in June. But researching CBD — which doesn't cause the mind-altering high that comes from THC, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana — is hard, because of tight restrictions on using cannabis in research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam Vogelstein's family and his doctors found ways to work around those restrictions in their fight to control his seizures.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam’s seizures started in 2005 when he was four years old. It's a moment his mother, Evelyn Nussenbaum, will never forget. The family was saying goodbye to a dinner guest when Sam's face suddenly slackened and he fell forward at the waist.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"He did something that looked like a judo bow after a match,\" says Nussenbaum.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two months passed before Sam had another seizure, but then he started having them every week. Eventually he was suffering through 100 seizures a day.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"When they were bad, they were once every three minutes,\" Nussenbaum says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Roller-Coaster Ride\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam was diagnosed with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-epilepsy-syndromes/epilepsy-myoclonic-absences\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">epilepsy with myoclonic-absences\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is characterized by an abrupt unresponsiveness and then sudden body jerks. The episodes were quick, but dangerous.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_443389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-443389 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/IMG_5817-e1531785628384.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Roberta Cilio, neurologist at UCSF, proudly tells her patient Sam Vogelstein he is cleared to drive a car. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The electricity in Sam's brain would misfire for about five to 20 seconds, enough time to fall down stairs, plunge face first into a dinner plate, or crack his head on a window.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I don't remember a lot of it really,\" says Sam.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He does remember the barrage of medications his doctors put him on. Some helped briefly. Others triggered hallucinations, full body rashes and uncontrolled anger.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Sam is a pretty gentle person,\" his mother says. \"We put him on one medication and it made him angry, and he started punching kids. And it was like, 'Oh my God, this is not my kid.' \"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More than 3.4 million Americans have epilepsy, according to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/about/fast-facts.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but treating the disease is often a riddle doctors find difficult to solve.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam struggled to read, to write, to solve math problems, and Nussenbaum watched her son fall further and further behind in school.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Life for Sam was like a bad cell phone connection: Every few moments the signal dropped out.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"It was scary,\" Nussenbaum says.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I would often cry in my shower or I would drive up to the top of Grizzly Peak [in Berkeley] and sit in my car and scream.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Joining the Underground\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2011, Nussenbaum came across an article in a British medical journal about a small seizure study on rats. The researchers successfully treated the rodents with CBD.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I thought, 'My son needs access to that,' \" says Nussenbaum.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But seven years ago, pure CBD was not easy to get. Many states have since legalized medical marijuana and CBD is widely available at dispensaries and on the internet, but it is still classified as a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schedule 1 \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">drug by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, which means it's illegal under federal law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nussembaum joined an underground epilepsy collective. The group worked with an herbalist to cook up their own CBD. Sam responded well to the first recipe, but his seizures returned while he was medicating with the second batch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we had it tested, there was no CBD,\" says Nussembaum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, Sam's family and another member of the collective tried to make their own CBD. The process produced a rank odor that wafted out into the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talked about what would happen if we get arrested\u003cdel>,\u003c/del>\" said Nussembaum. \"And I thought, you know what, arrest me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pushing for Access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finally, Nussenbaum learned about a British pharmaceutical company, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gwpharm.com/about-us\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">GW Pharmaceuticals, \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that was making a medicine derived from highly concentrated CBD to treat multiple sclerosis patients. After months of phone calls and emails from Sam’s parents, the company agreed to let Sam try the drug, in the U.K. and under a doctor's supervision for two weeks. The family flew to London shortly after.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"After one day his seizures were down to 30,\" says Nussenbaum. \"After two days they were down to 10. After three days he had one seizure.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sam didn't suffer any side effects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Back in the U.S., Sam’s parents needed to find a way to keep getting the drug. They collaborated with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/roberta-cilio\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Roberta Cilio\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a neurologist at UC San Francisco. They petitioned the FDA to allow Sam to use the drug under a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ExpandedAccessCompassionateUse/default.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">compassionate use\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> program. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Four months and hundreds of pages of documents later, the FDA allowed Sam to enroll in his own one-person trial at UCSF. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The DEA was a little more cautious. One day two agents knocked on Cilio's office door. After hours of questioning, the two men requested she store the medication in a giant safe weighing close to 1,000 pounds.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to GW Pharmaceuticals, Sam was the first patient in the world to receive Epidiolex, the brand name of the purified CBD strain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>An Expanded Trial and Varying Results\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inspired by Sam’s success, Cilio, and other clinicians, started trying Epidiolex on other patients. In 2015, she and several co-authors published a study \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(15)00379-8/abstract\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">in \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lancet Neurology\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that included 214 patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, all children and young adults\u003c/span>\u003cb>. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">(The trial was partly funded by GW Pharmaceuticals.) \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_443390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-443390\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/DSC-7492-800x1253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam Vogelstein at fencing lessons in Berkeley, CA. \u003ccite>(Fred Vogelstein)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For most patients the results were not as dramatic as they had been for Sam. Seizures dropped in 36.5 percent of patients, which is about the same success rate as other seizure medications, Cilio says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And some patients experienced side effects like fatigue, diarrhea and convulsions. Cilio doesn't know why CBD transforms some lives and other patients don't respond at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"The studies that are out are mostly short term,\" says Cilio. \"We need to learn who the best responders are. Of course, we know this is not a miracle drug.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There have been \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/07/458818829/marijuana-extract-may-help-some-children-with-epilepsy-study-finds\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">other trials of CBD oil\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for intractable epilepsy, which have shown that the substance is helpful for a portion of patients, and several states have legalized \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CBD oil\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> specifically for the treatment of intractable epilepsy or seizure disorders. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CBD has gained popularity with consumers as a remedy for a variety of other ailments. But the products that are available over the counter or in medical cannabis dispensaries aren't regulated the way pharmaceutical drugs are, so the consistency and dose can vary widely.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The FDA's decision to approve Epidiolex means that epilepsy patients will have access to a pharmaceutical-grade drug, which delivers a high-quality, consistent dose of CBD, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/brain-institute/person/robert-carson-md-phd\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">says Robert Carson\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a pediatric neurologist at Vanderbilt University who treats patients with epilepsy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Unanswered Questions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Epidiolex still has to get over one regulatory hurdle. The DEA needs to reclassify CBD so it is no longer considered a\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Schedule 1 \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">substance. Drugs in this category are considered to have no medical use and a high potential for abuse. The FDA's approval of Epidiolex means CBD no longer fits that category, and the reclassification is expected sometime in the fall.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patients will need a prescription to get the drug. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-epilepsy-syndromes/epilepsy-myoclonic-absences\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">GW Pharmaceuticals\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has not released a price yet. And Sam's mom, Evelyn Nussenbaum, worries that some insurance companies might not cover it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the meantime, Sam still gets his drugs from the investigational pharmacy at UCSF. One day he hopes he'll be prescribing the medication to patients like him.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I want to be an epilepsy doctor,\" Sam says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 150 marijuana businesses in California warned Friday that they could face crippling financial losses unless the state extends a July 1 deadline imposing strict standards for pot testing and packaging.[contextly_sidebar id=”0fHd0AejefxNkJsARNFShg1Layhsilve”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Gov. Jerry Brown, the United Cannabis Business Association said the changes would further unsettle the struggling legal marketplace that launched Jan. 1, potentially forcing businesses to close their doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade group that represents cannabis companies said there are too few labs to handle the testing, and retailers would have to destroy vast amounts of unsold cannabis that does not meet the new standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Association president Jerred Kiloh estimated that businesses could face nearly $400 million in losses if those unsold supplies are destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Forcing the industry into compliance … will further cripple the already struggling regulated market,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the state Bureau of Cannabis Control gave no indication it would consider rolling back the deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We issued our emergency regulations back in November, and at that time we were pretty clear about the fact that there would be a six-month transition period for retailers to use up their existing supply. We felt that was a sufficient amount of time to deplete stock on hand and adapt to California’s new rules,” agency spokesman Alex Traverso said in an email.[contextly_sidebar id=”024mYCqF9Xv8Y0Ohhnf1BPJQ8spoTbMY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations are being phased in six months after the state broadly legalized marijuana and required that pot sold after Saturday meets strict quality standards. With the deadline approaching, retailers have been unloading untested inventory at bargain-basement prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rollout of the nation’s largest legal pot market has been bumpy at best. The black market is still flourishing, and the industry complains about taxes that can approach 50 percent in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others fear a shortage of retailers for both adult-use and medicinal marijuana could shut down the supply chain, stranding growers with mountains of unsold pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is operating under temporary regulations, while the largest city, Los Angeles, has been slow to issue licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change in rules was part of the state’s decision to allow the industry to get a running start at the beginning of the year. Shops were given six months to burn through supplies of cannabis and edibles produced without strict testing requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any marijuana harvested this year, or for sale July 1, must meet quality and safety standards or be destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter depicted an emerging industry that is struggling to find its footing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group said the 30 licensed labs that would test pot would be unable to handle demand, resulting in a shortage of products on shelves. A system intended to track plants from seed to sale has been delayed. And packaging companies are not ready to meet the new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Customers and patients will turn to illicit market retailers and delivery services who will still have an abundance of products for sale. Licensed retailers will be forced to shut down,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The businesses and advocacy groups that signed the letter represent a fraction of the state’s legal marketplace. For example, over 3,300 cultivation licenses have been issued, and there are more than 400 licensed retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writer Brian Melley contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 150 marijuana businesses in California warned Friday that they could face crippling financial losses unless the state extends a July 1 deadline imposing strict standards for pot testing and packaging.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Gov. Jerry Brown, the United Cannabis Business Association said the changes would further unsettle the struggling legal marketplace that launched Jan. 1, potentially forcing businesses to close their doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade group that represents cannabis companies said there are too few labs to handle the testing, and retailers would have to destroy vast amounts of unsold cannabis that does not meet the new standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Association president Jerred Kiloh estimated that businesses could face nearly $400 million in losses if those unsold supplies are destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Forcing the industry into compliance … will further cripple the already struggling regulated market,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the state Bureau of Cannabis Control gave no indication it would consider rolling back the deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We issued our emergency regulations back in November, and at that time we were pretty clear about the fact that there would be a six-month transition period for retailers to use up their existing supply. We felt that was a sufficient amount of time to deplete stock on hand and adapt to California’s new rules,” agency spokesman Alex Traverso said in an email.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations are being phased in six months after the state broadly legalized marijuana and required that pot sold after Saturday meets strict quality standards. With the deadline approaching, retailers have been unloading untested inventory at bargain-basement prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rollout of the nation’s largest legal pot market has been bumpy at best. The black market is still flourishing, and the industry complains about taxes that can approach 50 percent in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others fear a shortage of retailers for both adult-use and medicinal marijuana could shut down the supply chain, stranding growers with mountains of unsold pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is operating under temporary regulations, while the largest city, Los Angeles, has been slow to issue licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change in rules was part of the state’s decision to allow the industry to get a running start at the beginning of the year. Shops were given six months to burn through supplies of cannabis and edibles produced without strict testing requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any marijuana harvested this year, or for sale July 1, must meet quality and safety standards or be destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter depicted an emerging industry that is struggling to find its footing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group said the 30 licensed labs that would test pot would be unable to handle demand, resulting in a shortage of products on shelves. A system intended to track plants from seed to sale has been delayed. And packaging companies are not ready to meet the new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Customers and patients will turn to illicit market retailers and delivery services who will still have an abundance of products for sale. Licensed retailers will be forced to shut down,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The businesses and advocacy groups that signed the letter represent a fraction of the state’s legal marketplace. For example, over 3,300 cultivation licenses have been issued, and there are more than 400 licensed retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writer Brian Melley contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bargain basement bud is on the menu in California, but you need to act fast to cash in on the cheap weed.[contextly_sidebar id=\"klE8bvGIu5iQdFjCjnLgbvKiZvSMLEOF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulations being phased in six months after the state broadly legalized marijuana require that pot sold after Saturday meet strict quality standards, so retailers unloading untested inventory are offering blowout prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep discounts on everything from edibles to joints reflect the last days of the heady first phase of legal recreational pot. They could be followed by empty shelves as many stores scramble to restock with properly tested and packaged products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can smell it. There’s a certain desperation from stores that bought too much and they have to dump it,” said John Atari, CEO of Source Cannabis Farms, a licensed cultivator in Los Angeles. “There’s going to be a big shortage of clean product come July 1.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Firehaus, a shop along an LA freeway, a fire sale of sorts unfolded this month with a 50 percent off “summer blowout” sale advertised on a popular marijuana app and texted and emailed to regular customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrons leaving the brick storefront on a recent day were happy to double their value, but were unaware of the reason behind the bargains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A half-dozen of those interviewed said they welcomed testing designed to weed out pesticides and contaminants such as solvents and mold, though they were largely unconcerned about the safety of the cannabis they’ve used for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I smoked pot for 40 years that wasn’t tested, from dealers on the street, and it smelled like anything from gasoline to perfume,” said Catherine Lanzarotta, who stocked up on “Blue Dream.” ″So I’ve never had that concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing will also examine concentrations and potency of the ingredient that gives users a buzz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change in rules was part of the state’s decision to allow the industry in its legal infancy to get a running start at the beginning of the year. Shops were given six months to burn through supplies of grass grown and cookies and other products made without strict testing requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any marijuana harvested this year or for sale July 1 must meet quality and safety standards or be destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the legalization of recreational marijuana, testing of pot sold for medical purposes was largely done for marketing. Growers could promote the potency of their product or the fact that it was free of contaminants.[contextly_sidebar id=\"qFwHtuTaonMJke2ut1S76W4JUvNMUiGD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Martin, co-founder and CEO of CW Analytical Laboratories in Oakland, said the voluminous new rules are draconian, with a mandate to test for heavy metals, which he said is unnecessary, and one to keep tested samples 45 days. There are also requirements about what technicians must wear, and lab employees have to pick up test samples directly from suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new regulations have us twisting,” Martin said. “We feel like we’re trying to do yoga on two mats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are concerns that the 28 testing facilities licensed by the state will not be enough, though labs said even with a spike in recent months, they have been able to handle capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A larger concern is a lag in testing as business owners banked on delayed implementation of the new rules. That could put them in a precarious position as they try to push product through a limited pipeline to restock shops with clean weed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fear is there will be a repeat of what Oregon experienced two years ago as distributors held out for a rules reprieve that never materialized and held up the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resulting bottleneck at labs meant testing that should have taken days dragged on for weeks, said Lori Glauser, chief operating officer of EVIO Labs, which has locations in California, Oregon, Colorado, Florida and Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glauser said the recent surge in business she’s seen indicates a similar scenario in California that will lead to a temporary shortage of marijuana in dispensaries once they can no longer sell untested product.[contextly_sidebar id=\"xuZZxhZSqmD9988cGK6v3jmvXA963u1P\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some shops prepared for the new regulations by gradually replacing pot they sold with products that pass the tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Garzot said she reopened her Shasta Lake medical marijuana shop to recreational customers Jan. 1 with the same untested inventory as the day before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by February, she estimated, about 15 percent of inventory at 530 Cannabis had been approved by testing labs. In April, that jumped to about 50 percent, and earlier this month Garzot said she figured about 95 percent of her goods passed muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone in the game knew this was coming,” she said. “My hope is that everybody has been doing their job getting systems dialed in for an uninterrupted supply chain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was waiting until the final days of the month to see what remained in her stockpiles that could go in a limited blowout sale.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bargain basement bud is on the menu in California, but you need to act fast to cash in on the cheap weed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulations being phased in six months after the state broadly legalized marijuana require that pot sold after Saturday meet strict quality standards, so retailers unloading untested inventory are offering blowout prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep discounts on everything from edibles to joints reflect the last days of the heady first phase of legal recreational pot. They could be followed by empty shelves as many stores scramble to restock with properly tested and packaged products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can smell it. There’s a certain desperation from stores that bought too much and they have to dump it,” said John Atari, CEO of Source Cannabis Farms, a licensed cultivator in Los Angeles. “There’s going to be a big shortage of clean product come July 1.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Firehaus, a shop along an LA freeway, a fire sale of sorts unfolded this month with a 50 percent off “summer blowout” sale advertised on a popular marijuana app and texted and emailed to regular customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrons leaving the brick storefront on a recent day were happy to double their value, but were unaware of the reason behind the bargains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A half-dozen of those interviewed said they welcomed testing designed to weed out pesticides and contaminants such as solvents and mold, though they were largely unconcerned about the safety of the cannabis they’ve used for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I smoked pot for 40 years that wasn’t tested, from dealers on the street, and it smelled like anything from gasoline to perfume,” said Catherine Lanzarotta, who stocked up on “Blue Dream.” ″So I’ve never had that concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing will also examine concentrations and potency of the ingredient that gives users a buzz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change in rules was part of the state’s decision to allow the industry in its legal infancy to get a running start at the beginning of the year. Shops were given six months to burn through supplies of grass grown and cookies and other products made without strict testing requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any marijuana harvested this year or for sale July 1 must meet quality and safety standards or be destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the legalization of recreational marijuana, testing of pot sold for medical purposes was largely done for marketing. Growers could promote the potency of their product or the fact that it was free of contaminants.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Martin, co-founder and CEO of CW Analytical Laboratories in Oakland, said the voluminous new rules are draconian, with a mandate to test for heavy metals, which he said is unnecessary, and one to keep tested samples 45 days. There are also requirements about what technicians must wear, and lab employees have to pick up test samples directly from suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new regulations have us twisting,” Martin said. “We feel like we’re trying to do yoga on two mats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are concerns that the 28 testing facilities licensed by the state will not be enough, though labs said even with a spike in recent months, they have been able to handle capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A larger concern is a lag in testing as business owners banked on delayed implementation of the new rules. That could put them in a precarious position as they try to push product through a limited pipeline to restock shops with clean weed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fear is there will be a repeat of what Oregon experienced two years ago as distributors held out for a rules reprieve that never materialized and held up the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resulting bottleneck at labs meant testing that should have taken days dragged on for weeks, said Lori Glauser, chief operating officer of EVIO Labs, which has locations in California, Oregon, Colorado, Florida and Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glauser said the recent surge in business she’s seen indicates a similar scenario in California that will lead to a temporary shortage of marijuana in dispensaries once they can no longer sell untested product.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some shops prepared for the new regulations by gradually replacing pot they sold with products that pass the tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Garzot said she reopened her Shasta Lake medical marijuana shop to recreational customers Jan. 1 with the same untested inventory as the day before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by February, she estimated, about 15 percent of inventory at 530 Cannabis had been approved by testing labs. In April, that jumped to about 50 percent, and earlier this month Garzot said she figured about 95 percent of her goods passed muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone in the game knew this was coming,” she said. “My hope is that everybody has been doing their job getting systems dialed in for an uninterrupted supply chain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was waiting until the final days of the month to see what remained in her stockpiles that could go in a limited blowout sale.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "FDA Green Lights Marijuana-Based Pharmaceutical Drug",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a marijuana-derived drug for the treatment of two rare and serious forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, that begin in childhood but can persist in adulthood.[contextly_sidebar id=\"RsxfUCgh8UsJJJ0ikrZvWqEfpFs55Jwz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drug is made from purified cannabidiol, or CBD, a compound found in the cannabis plant. The drug will be marketed under the brand name Epidiolex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBD has medicinal effects, but it does not cause the mind-altering high that comes from THC, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2016/01/401246/cannabis-based-drug-reduces-seizures-children-treatment-resistant-epilepsy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco \u003c/a>introduced the first study looking at the effects of Epidiolex on children and young adults who suffer from severe forms of epilepsy. They found that patients had fewer seizures when treated with the purified cannabinoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA says this is the first drug approved in the U.S. that contains a purified substance derived from marijuana. The agency has previously approved drugs made from synthetic versions of THC and other marijuana constituents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This approval serves as a reminder that advancing sound development programs that properly evaluate active ingredients contained in marijuana can lead to important medical therapies,\" said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb during a call with reporters about the approval.[contextly_sidebar id=\"RBUAK4wZ7KHOssmYfHT8dDioQ0U69y4E\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several states \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have legalized CBD oil \u003c/a>specifically for the treatment of intractable epilepsy or seizure disorders. And, as NPR has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/23/604307015/anxiety-relief-without-the-high-new-studies-on-cbd-a-cannabis-extract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>, CBD supplements are available widely online and in dispensaries in the form of oils or tinctures. CBD oil has gained popularity with consumers as a remedy for a variety of other ailments. However, the legal status of these products is uncertain, as is their quality. They're not regulated the way pharmaceutical drugs are, so the consistency and dose can vary widely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having an FDA-approved, pharmaceutical-grade CBD drug will open up a new treatment option for epilepsy patients by delivering a high-quality, consistent dose of CBD, says \u003ca href=\"https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/brain-institute/person/robert-carson-md-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Carson\u003c/a> a pediatric neurologist at Vanderbilt University who treats patients with epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our biggest concerns with the artisanal [or supplement] versions of CBD were related to the consistency,\" Carson says. \"We can't guarantee the consistency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson says he will likely prescribe Epidiolex going forward. \"I'm always excited about the potential for a new therapy that has been well-studied and has a great potential for benefit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several researchers are studying the potential of CBD to treat psychiatric conditions. For instance, a \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03248167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial is underway\u003c/a> to test whether CBD can be an effective treatment for people with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder. Another clinical trial will determine whether CBD could help \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01311778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prevent relapse\u003c/a> in opioid abusers.[contextly_sidebar id=\"TzTIWOn6t1b75631sBYWcr2CwFcxdgut\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approval of Epidiolex may help open the door to more CBD research, as it helps to lift one regulatory hurdle. Until now, the Drug Enforcement Administration has classified CBD as a Schedule 1 substance. Like other drugs in this category, which include heroin and LSD, these drugs are considered to have no medical use and a high potential for abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, with the approval of a CBD drug, the DEA will change this, according to Dr. Douglas Throckmorton, deputy director of regulatory programs at the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The DEA will need to make a different scheduling decision for CBD...because it now has an accepted medical use,\" he said during a conference call with reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the reclassification is underway now.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FDA+Green+Lights+Marijuana-Based+Pharmaceutical+Drug+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For the first time, the FDA has approved a drug containing CBD, an extract of marijuana. This move could pave the way for more research into medical uses for the marijuana extract.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a marijuana-derived drug for the treatment of two rare and serious forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, that begin in childhood but can persist in adulthood.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drug is made from purified cannabidiol, or CBD, a compound found in the cannabis plant. The drug will be marketed under the brand name Epidiolex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBD has medicinal effects, but it does not cause the mind-altering high that comes from THC, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2016/01/401246/cannabis-based-drug-reduces-seizures-children-treatment-resistant-epilepsy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco \u003c/a>introduced the first study looking at the effects of Epidiolex on children and young adults who suffer from severe forms of epilepsy. They found that patients had fewer seizures when treated with the purified cannabinoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA says this is the first drug approved in the U.S. that contains a purified substance derived from marijuana. The agency has previously approved drugs made from synthetic versions of THC and other marijuana constituents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This approval serves as a reminder that advancing sound development programs that properly evaluate active ingredients contained in marijuana can lead to important medical therapies,\" said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb during a call with reporters about the approval.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several states \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have legalized CBD oil \u003c/a>specifically for the treatment of intractable epilepsy or seizure disorders. And, as NPR has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/23/604307015/anxiety-relief-without-the-high-new-studies-on-cbd-a-cannabis-extract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>, CBD supplements are available widely online and in dispensaries in the form of oils or tinctures. CBD oil has gained popularity with consumers as a remedy for a variety of other ailments. However, the legal status of these products is uncertain, as is their quality. They're not regulated the way pharmaceutical drugs are, so the consistency and dose can vary widely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having an FDA-approved, pharmaceutical-grade CBD drug will open up a new treatment option for epilepsy patients by delivering a high-quality, consistent dose of CBD, says \u003ca href=\"https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/brain-institute/person/robert-carson-md-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Carson\u003c/a> a pediatric neurologist at Vanderbilt University who treats patients with epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our biggest concerns with the artisanal [or supplement] versions of CBD were related to the consistency,\" Carson says. \"We can't guarantee the consistency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson says he will likely prescribe Epidiolex going forward. \"I'm always excited about the potential for a new therapy that has been well-studied and has a great potential for benefit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several researchers are studying the potential of CBD to treat psychiatric conditions. For instance, a \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03248167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial is underway\u003c/a> to test whether CBD can be an effective treatment for people with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder. Another clinical trial will determine whether CBD could help \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01311778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prevent relapse\u003c/a> in opioid abusers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approval of Epidiolex may help open the door to more CBD research, as it helps to lift one regulatory hurdle. Until now, the Drug Enforcement Administration has classified CBD as a Schedule 1 substance. Like other drugs in this category, which include heroin and LSD, these drugs are considered to have no medical use and a high potential for abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, with the approval of a CBD drug, the DEA will change this, according to Dr. Douglas Throckmorton, deputy director of regulatory programs at the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The DEA will need to make a different scheduling decision for CBD...because it now has an accepted medical use,\" he said during a conference call with reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the reclassification is underway now.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FDA+Green+Lights+Marijuana-Based+Pharmaceutical+Drug+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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