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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: The following story was produced for Youth Takeover week at KQED.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most farms grow food with soil and water. But at Ouroboros Farm in Half Moon Bay, Ken Armstrong grows food with water and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If our water allotment was reduced by 85 percent, I wouldn’t have to change a single thing about the way I do business. It’s not even a blip on my radar.’\u003ccite>Ken Armstrong, Ouroboros Farm\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside a building about the size of a professional basketball court, water pours from a pipe into huge tubs where goldfish, catfish and tilapia are swimming. Then a complex pipe system takes water from the tubs to feed rows of lettuce, cabbage, and kale, floating on large platforms over water beds. What we’re looking at is called “aquaponics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more people are looking for sustainable solutions to our agricultural needs in the future,” Armstrong says, “and aquaponics is one of those solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farming with aquaponics means balancing three ecosystems: fish, plants and bacteria. The system is a loop that circulates the same water over and over from fish to plants to fish to plants. The job of the fish is just to eat and poop. Bacteria turn the fish poop into nitrates for plants. As the plants take in nourishment, they filter the water and clean it. The clean water goes back to the fish tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922906\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 919px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1922906\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"919\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs.png 919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-800x601.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-768x577.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-240x180.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-375x282.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-520x390.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 919px) 100vw, 919px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Goldfish, catfish and tilapia swim in large tubs, their waste nourishing the greens. The plants clean the water, which then returns to the fish tubs. \u003ccite>(Bonnie Liu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much the only utilization of water in an aquaponics system is through transpiration,” Armstrong says, “what the plants actually utilize, and very little is lost to evaporation, which is the case in most soil-based agriculture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a state prone to drought, water is a huge worry for farmers. During the most recent drought, some farmers had to fallow their fields for lack of water. Armstrong says that wouldn’t happen to him, even in a severe drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If our water allotment was reduced by 85 percent, I wouldn’t have to change a single thing about the way I do business. It’s not even a blip on my radar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3VFuuEySRDwWsaLZCUb6okqN4g9136oF”]Despite the benefits, there are some challenges in using aquaponics. Plants that prefer low acidity, like blueberries, don’t do well. And there are high upfront costs to all that infrastructure, plus high energy costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to heat the water, aerate the water, and pump the water,” says Jackson Gross, a researcher at the UC Davis Department of Animal Science. “It’s not without its inefficiencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are ways to minimize these in the water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be hooked up with solar,” Gross says. “You can utilize gravity. You can be better with water conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquaponics has been around since the days of the Aztecs and Mayans, who used floating gardens to take advantage of the nutrient-rich waters of nearby lakes. The Asian cultures put tilapia or carp in their rice fields to increase yields and reduce the number of insects. Now, Armstrong says, aquaponics is intriguing as a possible climate change solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re sequestering carbon by doing this,” he says. “You’re not using a lot of chemical-based fertilizers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1875px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1922905\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1875\" height=\"2500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards.jpg 1875w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1875px) 100vw, 1875px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Collard greens grow in clay pebbles at Ouroboros Farm. \u003ccite>(Bonnie Liu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the future, aquaponics could be used in urban areas to grow leafy green vegetables, which are the plants these systems are most suitable for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armstrong did a thought experiment using a famous San Francisco skyscraper:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were to use the Bank of America building, that footprint, put aquaponics systems on every floor there — that one square block radius of San Francisco could probably produce 1 to 2 million pounds of fish per year and over 300 million heads of lettuce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the transportation costs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re going down the ground floor of the Bank of America building,” he says, “there would be your fish and produce market, so your fish and produce are just coming up and down in an elevator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That vision could be a ways away, but up at UC Davis, Jackson Gross and other researchers are working on a plan for a new commercial- scale aquaponics farm. And as climate change poses new challenges, someday the fish and lettuce on your future dinner plate may be grown together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bonnie Liu is a junior at Santa Clara High School. Her story was produced as part of Youth Takeover week at KQED.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: line-through\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: The following story was produced for Youth Takeover week at KQED.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most farms grow food with soil and water. But at Ouroboros Farm in Half Moon Bay, Ken Armstrong grows food with water and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If our water allotment was reduced by 85 percent, I wouldn’t have to change a single thing about the way I do business. It’s not even a blip on my radar.’\u003ccite>Ken Armstrong, Ouroboros Farm\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside a building about the size of a professional basketball court, water pours from a pipe into huge tubs where goldfish, catfish and tilapia are swimming. Then a complex pipe system takes water from the tubs to feed rows of lettuce, cabbage, and kale, floating on large platforms over water beds. What we’re looking at is called “aquaponics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more people are looking for sustainable solutions to our agricultural needs in the future,” Armstrong says, “and aquaponics is one of those solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farming with aquaponics means balancing three ecosystems: fish, plants and bacteria. The system is a loop that circulates the same water over and over from fish to plants to fish to plants. The job of the fish is just to eat and poop. Bacteria turn the fish poop into nitrates for plants. As the plants take in nourishment, they filter the water and clean it. The clean water goes back to the fish tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922906\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 919px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1922906\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"919\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs.png 919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-800x601.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-768x577.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-240x180.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-375x282.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/fish-tubs-520x390.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 919px) 100vw, 919px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Goldfish, catfish and tilapia swim in large tubs, their waste nourishing the greens. The plants clean the water, which then returns to the fish tubs. \u003ccite>(Bonnie Liu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much the only utilization of water in an aquaponics system is through transpiration,” Armstrong says, “what the plants actually utilize, and very little is lost to evaporation, which is the case in most soil-based agriculture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a state prone to drought, water is a huge worry for farmers. During the most recent drought, some farmers had to fallow their fields for lack of water. Armstrong says that wouldn’t happen to him, even in a severe drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If our water allotment was reduced by 85 percent, I wouldn’t have to change a single thing about the way I do business. It’s not even a blip on my radar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Despite the benefits, there are some challenges in using aquaponics. Plants that prefer low acidity, like blueberries, don’t do well. And there are high upfront costs to all that infrastructure, plus high energy costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to heat the water, aerate the water, and pump the water,” says Jackson Gross, a researcher at the UC Davis Department of Animal Science. “It’s not without its inefficiencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are ways to minimize these in the water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be hooked up with solar,” Gross says. “You can utilize gravity. You can be better with water conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquaponics has been around since the days of the Aztecs and Mayans, who used floating gardens to take advantage of the nutrient-rich waters of nearby lakes. The Asian cultures put tilapia or carp in their rice fields to increase yields and reduce the number of insects. Now, Armstrong says, aquaponics is intriguing as a possible climate change solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re sequestering carbon by doing this,” he says. “You’re not using a lot of chemical-based fertilizers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1875px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1922905\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1875\" height=\"2500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards.jpg 1875w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/collards-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1875px) 100vw, 1875px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Collard greens grow in clay pebbles at Ouroboros Farm. \u003ccite>(Bonnie Liu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the future, aquaponics could be used in urban areas to grow leafy green vegetables, which are the plants these systems are most suitable for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armstrong did a thought experiment using a famous San Francisco skyscraper:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were to use the Bank of America building, that footprint, put aquaponics systems on every floor there — that one square block radius of San Francisco could probably produce 1 to 2 million pounds of fish per year and over 300 million heads of lettuce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the transportation costs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re going down the ground floor of the Bank of America building,” he says, “there would be your fish and produce market, so your fish and produce are just coming up and down in an elevator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That vision could be a ways away, but up at UC Davis, Jackson Gross and other researchers are working on a plan for a new commercial- scale aquaponics farm. And as climate change poses new challenges, someday the fish and lettuce on your future dinner plate may be grown together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bonnie Liu is a junior at Santa Clara High School. Her story was produced as part of Youth Takeover week at KQED.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: line-through\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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