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"disqusTitle": "In Defense Of Bronze: The True Mettle Of The Metal Of The 3rd-Place Medal",
"title": "In Defense Of Bronze: The True Mettle Of The Metal Of The 3rd-Place Medal",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gold, Silver ... and Bronze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As hierarchies of merit go, it's got long historical legs, stretching all the way back to the ancient Greeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not — as many believe — to the ancient Olympic Games, however; those athletes just got olive wreaths for their trouble. (Well, olive wreaths and sunburn, one supposes, as competitors observed the tradition of \u003cem>gymnos, \u003c/em>or nudity\u003cem>.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, it was the Greek poet Hesiod who first adopted a metallic taxonomy for assigning value to non-metallic things. He broke down the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greek-gods.org/mythology/five-ages-of-man.php\">Five Ages of Man\u003c/a> thus:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First came\u003cstrong> The Golden Age\u003c/strong>, in which the very first (perfect, benevolent) humans lived among the gods on Olympus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Silver Age\u003c/strong> occurred after Zeus overthrew his father, Cronus, and men began to war with one another. Zeus eventually destroyed these men for turning away from the gods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bronze Age\u003c/strong> began when Zeus created a new human race, scrappy and tough, who eventually died in a massive flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To those he added an idyllic \u003cstrong>Heroic Age\u003c/strong> and a final \u003cstrong>Iron Age\u003c/strong> — Hesiod's own era, marked by labor and strife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somewhere between 600 and 700 years later, the Roman poet Ovid proposed his own \u003ca href=\"http://www.mythography.com/myth/mythology-four-ages-of-man-according-to-ovid/\">Four Ages of Man\u003c/a> (by lopping off Hesiod's Heroic Age, essentially).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both poets set the template, in the Western World, for breaking the past into metals of different values — the further back you go, the better/more precious things get. (Hinduism also breaks the Ages of Man into \u003ca href=\"https://grahamhancock.com/dmisrab6/\">four periods, or \u003cem>yugas\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, which are similarly albeit informally designated Golden, Silver, Bronze and Iron.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archaeologists, as is their wont, are much more practical. To them, the term \"Bronze Age\" represents a precise mid-point between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, so named for the tools humans were using, not any inherent value. But then, archaeologists \u003cem>are\u003c/em> notorious buzzkills. Let's you and I ignore them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where'd Bronze Go?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Modern Olympics began in 1896, organizers eagerly adopted the ancient conventions as much as possible. First place winners received an olive wreath and a silver medal; second place winners received a laurel branch and a copper medal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't until the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis that the Gold/Silver/Bronze medal hierarchy was first introduced. Since that time, it's come to pervade the culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, whenever it's exported and applied to other aspects of life, as it often is, Bronze generally gets left behind: employee health care plans, event sponsorships, credit card companies and frequent flier programs dutifully assign Silver and Gold status levels — but with Silver serving as the ground floor. From there, they often build up and out, adding a Platinum level, a Titanium level, and even a Diamond level (which can't help but seem like cheating, as diamonds are gems, not metals. \u003cem>Pick a schema and stick with it, Delta!\u003c/em> \u003cem>It's a little thing called internal consistency, look it up.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music sales are certified Silver, Gold and Platinum. Burl Ives sang \"Silver and Gold\" but somehow never, throughout his long and storied musical career, spared even a single, tremulous note on the subject of bronzed baby shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the last century, there were just two commonly recognized eras of comic book publishing: the Golden Age (late 1930s-early 1950s) and the Silver Age (mid 1950s-early 1970s). The notion of a Bronze Age (now generally designated 1970-1985) came along relatively recently, and it connotes a time when superhero comics grew Byzantine and insular by abandoning the kids market to cater exclusively to hardcore, teen-and-adult fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this is why, when it comes to its current cultural cachet, bronze can't catch a break; it might as well be corrugated frickin' cardboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hard proof: Both the traditional and modern breakdowns for anniversary gifts designate silver and gold as appropriate for a couple who've powered through 25 and 50 years together, respectively. But bronze? \u003ca href=\"http://ideas.hallmark.com/anniversary-ideas/anniversary-gifts-by-year/\">Hallmark, which really should know such things\u003c/a>, doesn't include it on the modern list at all, and it only shows up on the traditional list as \"Pottery/Bronze\" for an ... \u003cem>8th\u003c/em> anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight lousy years. All your marriage needs to do to merit bronze is hang in there just one year longer than \u003cem>Burn Notice.\u003c/em> Unless, that is, your friends opt to go the pottery route. \u003cem>Here, we do hereby celebrate your loving commitment with this ceramic duck.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Bronze Matters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here we are: The Olympics' Gold/Silver/Bronze medal schema makes sense only if we think in the dullest, narrowest, purely pecuniary sense. Yes, gold is rare, silver somewhat less so, and the great demand for, and limited supply of, these metals ensure their relative trading values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these are \u003cem>athletes\u003c/em> we're celebrating. Their feats are examples of human achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gold and silver? They already exist in the world. They are merely ... found. Stumbled across, as you would a wild potato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But bronze? Bronze is wholly different. It's something we \u003cem>create\u003c/em>. It is a \u003cem>human achievement\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millennia ago, our ancestors conceived and fashioned something that had never existed in the universe: an alloy of copper and tin, alongside other metals. We, as humans, smelt it and — for the more than 2,000 years it stood as the hardest, most hotly traded metal in the world — we dealt it as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why every Olympic bronze medalist can take heart. Bronze stands for something, something profound and deeply inspiring about the human experience, that gold and silver never can or will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that they need \u003cem>my\u003c/em> pep-talk. As a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2012/08/03/157835076/would-you-rather-win-silver-or-bronze-be-careful-what-you-wish-for\">much-cited\u003c/a> 1995 paper in the \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/69/4/603/\">Journal of Personality and Social Psychology\u003c/a> noted, winners of Olympic bronze medals are generally happier with their achievement than silver medalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to that paper's authors, bronze medalists are content to earn a spot on the podium. Silver medalists, however, will spend the rest of their lives tasting the victory that eluded them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The fact that they, and they alone, will always be able to use their medals to defend themselves from werewolves offers them, I suppose, only very the coldest of comforts.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Defense+Of+Bronze%3A+The+True+Mettle+Of+The+Metal+Of+The+3rd-Place+Medal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gold, Silver ... and Bronze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As hierarchies of merit go, it's got long historical legs, stretching all the way back to the ancient Greeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not — as many believe — to the ancient Olympic Games, however; those athletes just got olive wreaths for their trouble. (Well, olive wreaths and sunburn, one supposes, as competitors observed the tradition of \u003cem>gymnos, \u003c/em>or nudity\u003cem>.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, it was the Greek poet Hesiod who first adopted a metallic taxonomy for assigning value to non-metallic things. He broke down the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greek-gods.org/mythology/five-ages-of-man.php\">Five Ages of Man\u003c/a> thus:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First came\u003cstrong> The Golden Age\u003c/strong>, in which the very first (perfect, benevolent) humans lived among the gods on Olympus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Silver Age\u003c/strong> occurred after Zeus overthrew his father, Cronus, and men began to war with one another. Zeus eventually destroyed these men for turning away from the gods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bronze Age\u003c/strong> began when Zeus created a new human race, scrappy and tough, who eventually died in a massive flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To those he added an idyllic \u003cstrong>Heroic Age\u003c/strong> and a final \u003cstrong>Iron Age\u003c/strong> — Hesiod's own era, marked by labor and strife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somewhere between 600 and 700 years later, the Roman poet Ovid proposed his own \u003ca href=\"http://www.mythography.com/myth/mythology-four-ages-of-man-according-to-ovid/\">Four Ages of Man\u003c/a> (by lopping off Hesiod's Heroic Age, essentially).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both poets set the template, in the Western World, for breaking the past into metals of different values — the further back you go, the better/more precious things get. (Hinduism also breaks the Ages of Man into \u003ca href=\"https://grahamhancock.com/dmisrab6/\">four periods, or \u003cem>yugas\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, which are similarly albeit informally designated Golden, Silver, Bronze and Iron.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archaeologists, as is their wont, are much more practical. To them, the term \"Bronze Age\" represents a precise mid-point between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, so named for the tools humans were using, not any inherent value. But then, archaeologists \u003cem>are\u003c/em> notorious buzzkills. Let's you and I ignore them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where'd Bronze Go?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Modern Olympics began in 1896, organizers eagerly adopted the ancient conventions as much as possible. First place winners received an olive wreath and a silver medal; second place winners received a laurel branch and a copper medal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't until the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis that the Gold/Silver/Bronze medal hierarchy was first introduced. Since that time, it's come to pervade the culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, whenever it's exported and applied to other aspects of life, as it often is, Bronze generally gets left behind: employee health care plans, event sponsorships, credit card companies and frequent flier programs dutifully assign Silver and Gold status levels — but with Silver serving as the ground floor. From there, they often build up and out, adding a Platinum level, a Titanium level, and even a Diamond level (which can't help but seem like cheating, as diamonds are gems, not metals. \u003cem>Pick a schema and stick with it, Delta!\u003c/em> \u003cem>It's a little thing called internal consistency, look it up.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music sales are certified Silver, Gold and Platinum. Burl Ives sang \"Silver and Gold\" but somehow never, throughout his long and storied musical career, spared even a single, tremulous note on the subject of bronzed baby shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the last century, there were just two commonly recognized eras of comic book publishing: the Golden Age (late 1930s-early 1950s) and the Silver Age (mid 1950s-early 1970s). The notion of a Bronze Age (now generally designated 1970-1985) came along relatively recently, and it connotes a time when superhero comics grew Byzantine and insular by abandoning the kids market to cater exclusively to hardcore, teen-and-adult fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this is why, when it comes to its current cultural cachet, bronze can't catch a break; it might as well be corrugated frickin' cardboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hard proof: Both the traditional and modern breakdowns for anniversary gifts designate silver and gold as appropriate for a couple who've powered through 25 and 50 years together, respectively. But bronze? \u003ca href=\"http://ideas.hallmark.com/anniversary-ideas/anniversary-gifts-by-year/\">Hallmark, which really should know such things\u003c/a>, doesn't include it on the modern list at all, and it only shows up on the traditional list as \"Pottery/Bronze\" for an ... \u003cem>8th\u003c/em> anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight lousy years. All your marriage needs to do to merit bronze is hang in there just one year longer than \u003cem>Burn Notice.\u003c/em> Unless, that is, your friends opt to go the pottery route. \u003cem>Here, we do hereby celebrate your loving commitment with this ceramic duck.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Bronze Matters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here we are: The Olympics' Gold/Silver/Bronze medal schema makes sense only if we think in the dullest, narrowest, purely pecuniary sense. Yes, gold is rare, silver somewhat less so, and the great demand for, and limited supply of, these metals ensure their relative trading values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these are \u003cem>athletes\u003c/em> we're celebrating. Their feats are examples of human achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gold and silver? They already exist in the world. They are merely ... found. Stumbled across, as you would a wild potato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But bronze? Bronze is wholly different. It's something we \u003cem>create\u003c/em>. It is a \u003cem>human achievement\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millennia ago, our ancestors conceived and fashioned something that had never existed in the universe: an alloy of copper and tin, alongside other metals. We, as humans, smelt it and — for the more than 2,000 years it stood as the hardest, most hotly traded metal in the world — we dealt it as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why every Olympic bronze medalist can take heart. Bronze stands for something, something profound and deeply inspiring about the human experience, that gold and silver never can or will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that they need \u003cem>my\u003c/em> pep-talk. As a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2012/08/03/157835076/would-you-rather-win-silver-or-bronze-be-careful-what-you-wish-for\">much-cited\u003c/a> 1995 paper in the \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/69/4/603/\">Journal of Personality and Social Psychology\u003c/a> noted, winners of Olympic bronze medals are generally happier with their achievement than silver medalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to that paper's authors, bronze medalists are content to earn a spot on the podium. Silver medalists, however, will spend the rest of their lives tasting the victory that eluded them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The fact that they, and they alone, will always be able to use their medals to defend themselves from werewolves offers them, I suppose, only very the coldest of comforts.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Defense+Of+Bronze%3A+The+True+Mettle+Of+The+Metal+Of+The+3rd-Place+Medal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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