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She leads social media, newsletter, and engagement efforts for KQED Science content. Prior to this role, she played a key role as project manager for NSF's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/crackingthecode\">\u003cem>Cracking the Code: Influencing Millennial Science Engagement\u003c/em> \u003c/a>audience research. Prior to joining KQED Science, Sarah worked in a brand new role as Digital Marketing Strategist at WPSU Penn State.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sarahkmohamad","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Mohamad | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/smohamad"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"about","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"about_16717":{"type":"posts","id":"about_16717","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"about","id":"16717","score":null,"sort":[1640034164000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"filling-knowledge-gaps-and-crisis-reporting","title":"RAPID: Filling Knowledge Gaps and Crisis Reporting","publishDate":1640034164,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Cracking the Code | About KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Science media professionals faced unique challenges covering the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early coverage of the pandemic and specific factual information about the virus and how to avoid contracting it was slim as little was known about COVID-19. As opinions and recommendations grew from health professionals and government agencies, communities were quickly burdened with too much information; it was difficult to sort through factual information and speculation. Adding to this confusion, many lacked the necessary knowledge to understand the basics about viruses, what they are, how they behave and treatments to stop rising infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With funding from the National Science Foundation, media researchers from Texas Tech University and evaluators at Rockman et al, KQED, a public media organization serving the San Francisco Bay Area, set out to understand the COVID-19 information needs of its community to assist KQED science journalists with their health coverage. The project, Influencing Young Adults’ Science Engagement and Learning with COVID-19 Media, conducted six studies to identify COVID-19 and health knowledge gaps, understand COVID-19 misinformation narratives on social media, know how best to communicate health and science information to the public, and conduct an in-depth process evaluation to capture best practices for crisis reporting. Our Rockman et al evaluator also authored a series of posts on our learnings from our crisis reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is a summary of the work of the collaboration, our top takeaways and recommendations, and a slide deck covering our work and findings from May 2020 to April 2021. All of the studies can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/program/cracking-the-code\">here\u003c/a> on our kqed.org website and on \u003ca href=\"https://www.informalscience.org/\">informalscience.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Misinformation, knowledge gaps and social media testing\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />\nThe team conducted several “Knowledge Gap” and social media research studies to address our first research question: How could COVID-19 coverage be designed to best inform, engage and educate millennials and younger audiences about the science of virus transmission and prevention? This research included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16015/covid-19-misinformation\">A Twitter Misinformation study\u003c/a> to understand major COVID-19 misinformation narratives on Twitter discussed in the San Francisco Bay Area, and how they compared to the United States as a whole from March 1 - Oct. 20, 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Knowledge Gap studies\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16011/mask-messaging-for-covid19\">Mask Wearing study: \u003c/a>We examined the effectiveness of two messaging strategies — scientific consensus messaging and infographic visuals — that can be used to encourage mask-wearing and support for mask-wearing policies. Infographic visuals were prefered over scientific messaging.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16059/germ-knowledge-reporting-during-infodemic\">Germ Knowledge studies: \u003c/a>We looked at knowledge gaps in the general public, not only surrounding misinformation about COVID-19, but also viruses and bacteria. We found that young adults have limited or mis-understanding of viruses and bacteria in comparison to older generations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16105/germ-conceptual-knowledge\">Conceptual Mapping study:\u003c/a> A little over a year into the pandemic, we conducted interviews and mapped responses with the aim of discovering more about what sorts of findings about COVID-19 are still prevalent.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Social Media testing\u003c/span>\u003cbr />\nThe KQED Science Engagement team applied findings from our Knowledge Gap studies to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16699/covid19-mask-content-and-media-format-facebook-test\">develop social media posts\u003c/a> that addressed trending knowledge gap topics during the earlier stages of the pandemic. The team created fun and informative social distancing and mask use graphics to communicate the importance of these behaviors during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The key takeaways for news organization include:\u003cbr />\nConduct research on knowledge gaps and misinformation and then address those gaps and misunderstandings in your reporting. Focus on widely held views of misinformation or those that will affect decision-making.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consider audience demographics (age, political ideology, income, race/ethnicity, etc.) when communicating health/science messages and designing effective engagement strategies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use visuals and social media to engage millennial or Gen Z audiences and target “missing” audiences (audiences that don’t currently engage in your content). We found that GIFs were the most engaging, followed by a short video, and then a simple image.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use infographics or visuals to communicate complex ideas during a health or scientific crisis, especially to millennial or Gen Z audiences who displayed a larger knowledge gap in understanding the basics about viruses and bacteria.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Verify and report information on necessary and unnecessary health practices.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Create simple media explainers: mRNA technology, difference between emergency use and regular authorization for vaccines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make consistent efforts over time to counter false information. Combating misinformation takes time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Professional Knowledge, Crisis Reporting and Evaluation\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />\nKQED and Texas Tech advanced professional knowledge in the journalism and science communication fields around crisis reporting through a study conducted by Scott Burg of Rockman et al. Rockman gathered data between October 2020 - May 2021, interviewed KQED Science staff and participated in virtual observations of KQED project and related staff meetings to answer our second research question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16200/rapid-process-evaluation\">Can KQED develop a more efficient process of disaster reporting\u003c/a> that responds to both constantly updating information and changing audience needs, which can be used and expanded upon by media outlets?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conclusions and key takeaways from the study include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Disasters have to be covered holistically, not as single disconnected events.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Identify, cover, explain and explore the root causes and long-term impacts of these catastrophic events.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Journalists need to establish and sustain richer relationships with impacted communities, and focus on solution-based reporting.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hire news staff that reflect the community.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use a variety of information platforms for communicating with your audience — broadcast, web, social media and increase the use of engagement strategies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide resources for real time fact-checking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>As a result of this study, news organizations and media makers now have a deeper understanding of what types of media (social, online, video, audio) and what communications factors (storytelling style, visuals, length, platform, etc.) influence science learning and engagement around COVID-19 for young audiences. The project also provided media professionals a much-needed chance to reflect on disaster reporting, which will inform future planning and effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googleapps domain=\"docs\" dir=\"presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vRL7PKRrx2Uiex33nwRaOE0QfQY5NLVakYGLs9ZTN4M1sp3vpeaMHkBWXiNv9zHbs1Bb_FjqrX0OK9J/embed\" query=\"start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000\" width=\"960\" height=\"569\" /]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1640034768,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":true,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":981},"headData":{"title":"RAPID: Filling Knowledge Gaps and Crisis Reporting | KQED","description":"Science media professionals faced unique challenges covering the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early coverage of the pandemic and specific factual information about the virus and how to avoid contracting it was slim as little was known about COVID-19. As opinions and recommendations grew from health professionals and government agencies, communities were quickly burdened with too much information; it was difficult to sort through factual information and speculation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16717 https://ww2.kqed.org/about/?p=16717&preview=true&preview_id=16717","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/about/2021/12/20/filling-knowledge-gaps-and-crisis-reporting/","disqusTitle":"RAPID: Filling Knowledge Gaps and Crisis Reporting","source":"Rapid Response Research (RAPID)","WpOldSlug":"whats-keeping-women-from-watching-deep-look","nprByline":"Sue Ellen McCann \u003cbr> KQED","subhead":"RAPID: Filling Knowledge Gaps and Crisis Reporting","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/about/16717/filling-knowledge-gaps-and-crisis-reporting","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Science media professionals faced unique challenges covering the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early coverage of the pandemic and specific factual information about the virus and how to avoid contracting it was slim as little was known about COVID-19. As opinions and recommendations grew from health professionals and government agencies, communities were quickly burdened with too much information; it was difficult to sort through factual information and speculation. Adding to this confusion, many lacked the necessary knowledge to understand the basics about viruses, what they are, how they behave and treatments to stop rising infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With funding from the National Science Foundation, media researchers from Texas Tech University and evaluators at Rockman et al, KQED, a public media organization serving the San Francisco Bay Area, set out to understand the COVID-19 information needs of its community to assist KQED science journalists with their health coverage. The project, Influencing Young Adults’ Science Engagement and Learning with COVID-19 Media, conducted six studies to identify COVID-19 and health knowledge gaps, understand COVID-19 misinformation narratives on social media, know how best to communicate health and science information to the public, and conduct an in-depth process evaluation to capture best practices for crisis reporting. Our Rockman et al evaluator also authored a series of posts on our learnings from our crisis reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is a summary of the work of the collaboration, our top takeaways and recommendations, and a slide deck covering our work and findings from May 2020 to April 2021. All of the studies can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/program/cracking-the-code\">here\u003c/a> on our kqed.org website and on \u003ca href=\"https://www.informalscience.org/\">informalscience.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Misinformation, knowledge gaps and social media testing\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />\nThe team conducted several “Knowledge Gap” and social media research studies to address our first research question: How could COVID-19 coverage be designed to best inform, engage and educate millennials and younger audiences about the science of virus transmission and prevention? This research included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16015/covid-19-misinformation\">A Twitter Misinformation study\u003c/a> to understand major COVID-19 misinformation narratives on Twitter discussed in the San Francisco Bay Area, and how they compared to the United States as a whole from March 1 - Oct. 20, 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Knowledge Gap studies\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16011/mask-messaging-for-covid19\">Mask Wearing study: \u003c/a>We examined the effectiveness of two messaging strategies — scientific consensus messaging and infographic visuals — that can be used to encourage mask-wearing and support for mask-wearing policies. Infographic visuals were prefered over scientific messaging.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16059/germ-knowledge-reporting-during-infodemic\">Germ Knowledge studies: \u003c/a>We looked at knowledge gaps in the general public, not only surrounding misinformation about COVID-19, but also viruses and bacteria. We found that young adults have limited or mis-understanding of viruses and bacteria in comparison to older generations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16105/germ-conceptual-knowledge\">Conceptual Mapping study:\u003c/a> A little over a year into the pandemic, we conducted interviews and mapped responses with the aim of discovering more about what sorts of findings about COVID-19 are still prevalent.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Social Media testing\u003c/span>\u003cbr />\nThe KQED Science Engagement team applied findings from our Knowledge Gap studies to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16699/covid19-mask-content-and-media-format-facebook-test\">develop social media posts\u003c/a> that addressed trending knowledge gap topics during the earlier stages of the pandemic. The team created fun and informative social distancing and mask use graphics to communicate the importance of these behaviors during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The key takeaways for news organization include:\u003cbr />\nConduct research on knowledge gaps and misinformation and then address those gaps and misunderstandings in your reporting. Focus on widely held views of misinformation or those that will affect decision-making.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consider audience demographics (age, political ideology, income, race/ethnicity, etc.) when communicating health/science messages and designing effective engagement strategies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use visuals and social media to engage millennial or Gen Z audiences and target “missing” audiences (audiences that don’t currently engage in your content). We found that GIFs were the most engaging, followed by a short video, and then a simple image.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use infographics or visuals to communicate complex ideas during a health or scientific crisis, especially to millennial or Gen Z audiences who displayed a larger knowledge gap in understanding the basics about viruses and bacteria.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Verify and report information on necessary and unnecessary health practices.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Create simple media explainers: mRNA technology, difference between emergency use and regular authorization for vaccines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make consistent efforts over time to counter false information. Combating misinformation takes time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Professional Knowledge, Crisis Reporting and Evaluation\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />\nKQED and Texas Tech advanced professional knowledge in the journalism and science communication fields around crisis reporting through a study conducted by Scott Burg of Rockman et al. Rockman gathered data between October 2020 - May 2021, interviewed KQED Science staff and participated in virtual observations of KQED project and related staff meetings to answer our second research question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16200/rapid-process-evaluation\">Can KQED develop a more efficient process of disaster reporting\u003c/a> that responds to both constantly updating information and changing audience needs, which can be used and expanded upon by media outlets?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conclusions and key takeaways from the study include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Disasters have to be covered holistically, not as single disconnected events.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Identify, cover, explain and explore the root causes and long-term impacts of these catastrophic events.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Journalists need to establish and sustain richer relationships with impacted communities, and focus on solution-based reporting.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hire news staff that reflect the community.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use a variety of information platforms for communicating with your audience — broadcast, web, social media and increase the use of engagement strategies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide resources for real time fact-checking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>As a result of this study, news organizations and media makers now have a deeper understanding of what types of media (social, online, video, audio) and what communications factors (storytelling style, visuals, length, platform, etc.) influence science learning and engagement around COVID-19 for young audiences. The project also provided media professionals a much-needed chance to reflect on disaster reporting, which will inform future planning and effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vRL7PKRrx2Uiex33nwRaOE0QfQY5NLVakYGLs9ZTN4M1sp3vpeaMHkBWXiNv9zHbs1Bb_FjqrX0OK9J/embed?embedded=true'\n title='https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vRL7PKRrx2Uiex33nwRaOE0QfQY5NLVakYGLs9ZTN4M1sp3vpeaMHkBWXiNv9zHbs1Bb_FjqrX0OK9J/embed'\n width='960'\n height='569'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/about/16717/filling-knowledge-gaps-and-crisis-reporting","authors":["byline_about_16717"],"programs":["about_583"],"categories":["about_62"],"tags":["about_667","about_679","about_678","about_580","about_710","about_709","about_686","about_705","about_681","about_684","about_704","about_676","about_626","about_680","about_682","about_706","about_708","about_707","about_496","about_653","about_672","about_666","about_687"],"featImg":"about_16718","label":"source_about_16717"},"about_16699":{"type":"posts","id":"about_16699","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"about","id":"16699","score":null,"sort":[1640031736000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"covid19-mask-content-and-media-format-facebook-test","title":"COVID-19 and Mask Content & Media Format: A Facebook Test","publishDate":1640031736,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Cracking the Code | About KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Background and Overview\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mask-wearing for the prevention of COVID-19 became very political very quickly, especially during the earlier months of the pandemic. In addition to the massive amount of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16015/covid-19-misinformation\">misinformation being spread via Twitter\u003c/a> about masks and many other topics, it’s not surprising that communicating the importance of masks became a challenge for science communicators around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science communication became very vital in the fight against this pandemic and motivated researchers at Eckerd College and Texas Tech University to understand people’s perception of masks through consensus messaging, which is essentially telling people that scientists are generally in agreement that something is true, and informative images, or, “infographics.” In summary, the results of the study found that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Presenting participants with a consensus message such as “There is strong scientific consensus that COVID-10 poses significantly more risk to human health than the flu …” did not significantly influence their beliefs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The presence of an infographic depicting how masks help to prevent the spread of COVID-19 did, in some circumstances, influence participants’ beliefs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Political party affiliation was the strongest predictor of participants’ beliefs about COVID-19 risks, mask-wearing, and policy support.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For more about that study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16011/mask-messaging-for-covid19\">read along here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facebook Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Related to this research and communicating the importance of mask-wearing to the public, our KQED Science Engagement team set out to test different formats of media with the same mask message used in the survey conducted by Texas Tech University. We were interested in learning which images -- videos, graphics or GIFs -- worked best in our Facebook posts to inform our future Facebook content creation strategies. We did this with the help of our digital marketing consultants, DeltaV Digital. DeltaV Digital worked with us to strategize, execute, and share findings for this Facebook test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our target audience included men and women age 18-65+ in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We used three different formats for our mask-wearing audience to test: video, images and GIFs. Below are screenshots of the different media formats:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Images:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/images-rapid.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"705\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/images-rapid.png 705w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/images-rapid-160x129.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" />\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>GIFs:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-16707\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/gifs-rapid.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"635\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/gifs-rapid.png 635w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/gifs-rapid-160x137.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Videos:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-16703\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"607\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/5.png 607w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/5-160x112.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learnings & Findings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across all target audiences, the engagement rate for the videos performed best above all other formats followed by GIFs, and then images. As age increased, engagement for all the media formats increased as well. This is not surprising as the most engaged audiences on our KQED Science Facebook page tend to fall within the older demographics, ages 55-65+. In the comments section of these posts, men were more insulting and severe in their opinions, and women tended to share more data, charts and sources, backing their opinions with evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, DeltaV Digital found that older women were the highest among the groups to engage, react, and view the landing page than any other demographic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are a few of the recommendations they had presented to us:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Using sound-off media works as well as (or even better) across all target audiences.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Videos are very effective tools for engagement purposes. However, keep in mind that Facebook is a sound-off environment, using more text in Facebook videos will improve overall engagement in the future.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Images don’t perform as well as the GIF and videos in this experiment.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For more information, please review the presentation prepared by \u003ca href=\"https://www.deltavdigital.com/\">DeltaV Digital\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googleapps domain=\"docs\" dir=\"presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vS_4AGUPLGscZo5yVB9juxYm919ejdT4049xk8lA7IQbaQdf5eA5wsufZaOFfL-N-L1DLbdh9z_XTbK/embed\" query=\"start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000\" width=\"960\" height=\"569\" /]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644363083,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":true,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":570},"headData":{"title":"COVID-19 and Mask Content & Media Format: A Facebook Test | KQED","description":"Mask-wearing for the prevention of COVID-19 became very political very quickly, especially during the earlier months of the pandemic. In addition to the massive amount of misinformation being spread via Twitter about masks and many other topics, it’s not surprising that communicating the importance of masks became a challenge for science communicators around the world.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16699 https://ww2.kqed.org/about/?p=16699&preview=true&preview_id=16699","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/about/2021/12/20/covid19-mask-content-and-media-format-facebook-test/","disqusTitle":"COVID-19 and Mask Content & Media Format: A Facebook Test","source":"Rapid Response Research (RAPID)","WpOldSlug":"whats-keeping-women-from-watching-deep-look","subhead":"COVID-19 and Mask Content & Media Format: A Facebook Test","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/about/16699/covid19-mask-content-and-media-format-facebook-test","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Background and Overview\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mask-wearing for the prevention of COVID-19 became very political very quickly, especially during the earlier months of the pandemic. In addition to the massive amount of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16015/covid-19-misinformation\">misinformation being spread via Twitter\u003c/a> about masks and many other topics, it’s not surprising that communicating the importance of masks became a challenge for science communicators around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science communication became very vital in the fight against this pandemic and motivated researchers at Eckerd College and Texas Tech University to understand people’s perception of masks through consensus messaging, which is essentially telling people that scientists are generally in agreement that something is true, and informative images, or, “infographics.” In summary, the results of the study found that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Presenting participants with a consensus message such as “There is strong scientific consensus that COVID-10 poses significantly more risk to human health than the flu …” did not significantly influence their beliefs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The presence of an infographic depicting how masks help to prevent the spread of COVID-19 did, in some circumstances, influence participants’ beliefs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Political party affiliation was the strongest predictor of participants’ beliefs about COVID-19 risks, mask-wearing, and policy support.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For more about that study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/16011/mask-messaging-for-covid19\">read along here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facebook Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Related to this research and communicating the importance of mask-wearing to the public, our KQED Science Engagement team set out to test different formats of media with the same mask message used in the survey conducted by Texas Tech University. We were interested in learning which images -- videos, graphics or GIFs -- worked best in our Facebook posts to inform our future Facebook content creation strategies. We did this with the help of our digital marketing consultants, DeltaV Digital. DeltaV Digital worked with us to strategize, execute, and share findings for this Facebook test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our target audience included men and women age 18-65+ in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We used three different formats for our mask-wearing audience to test: video, images and GIFs. Below are screenshots of the different media formats:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Images:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/images-rapid.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"705\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/images-rapid.png 705w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/images-rapid-160x129.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" />\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>GIFs:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-16707\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/gifs-rapid.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"635\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/gifs-rapid.png 635w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/gifs-rapid-160x137.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Videos:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-16703\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"607\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/5.png 607w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/12/5-160x112.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learnings & Findings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across all target audiences, the engagement rate for the videos performed best above all other formats followed by GIFs, and then images. As age increased, engagement for all the media formats increased as well. This is not surprising as the most engaged audiences on our KQED Science Facebook page tend to fall within the older demographics, ages 55-65+. In the comments section of these posts, men were more insulting and severe in their opinions, and women tended to share more data, charts and sources, backing their opinions with evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, DeltaV Digital found that older women were the highest among the groups to engage, react, and view the landing page than any other demographic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are a few of the recommendations they had presented to us:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Using sound-off media works as well as (or even better) across all target audiences.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Videos are very effective tools for engagement purposes. However, keep in mind that Facebook is a sound-off environment, using more text in Facebook videos will improve overall engagement in the future.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Images don’t perform as well as the GIF and videos in this experiment.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For more information, please review the presentation prepared by \u003ca href=\"https://www.deltavdigital.com/\">DeltaV Digital\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vS_4AGUPLGscZo5yVB9juxYm919ejdT4049xk8lA7IQbaQdf5eA5wsufZaOFfL-N-L1DLbdh9z_XTbK/embed?embedded=true'\n title='https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vS_4AGUPLGscZo5yVB9juxYm919ejdT4049xk8lA7IQbaQdf5eA5wsufZaOFfL-N-L1DLbdh9z_XTbK/embed'\n width='960'\n height='569'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/about/16699/covid19-mask-content-and-media-format-facebook-test","authors":["11631"],"programs":["about_583"],"categories":["about_62"],"tags":["about_667","about_679","about_678","about_580","about_686","about_705","about_681","about_684","about_704","about_676","about_626","about_680","about_682","about_706","about_708","about_707","about_496","about_721","about_672","about_666","about_687"],"featImg":"about_16714","label":"source_about_16699"},"about_16651":{"type":"posts","id":"about_16651","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"about","id":"16651","score":null,"sort":[1637707643000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-understanding-audiences","title":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Understanding Audiences","publishDate":1637707643,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Cracking the Code | About KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp id=\"0571\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk iv iw hn ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cstrong class=\"hz fz\">This is the final installment of a\u003c/strong>\u003ca class=\"dy iv\" href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b4b1caca21a8\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong class=\"hz fz\"> multi-part series\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong class=\"hz fz\"> describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the San Francisco public-media based KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"7b42\" class=\"iw ix fy bb da iy iz ic ja jb jc ig jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq gv\">Working with the Public\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp id=\"dc88\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Covering the pandemic and wildfires of 2020–21 helped redefine\u003cspan id=\"rmm\"> \u003c/span>reporters’ relationships with and understanding of their audiences, and fostered a more empathetic, responsive and public-service oriented approach to their disaster coverage. During the pandemic, reporters found they were focusing on more than the usual amount of “news you can use” stories. Early on, with so much unknown about how the virus spread and conflicting information (and misinformation) coming from a multitude of health and government officials, an anxious public, uncertain of what to believe, was searching for answers. So news stories that addressed practical questions such as, “\u003cem class=\"ku\">Why does hand-washing work? Why should I get tested? What do you clean your house with? \u003c/em>and \u003cem class=\"ku\">Can you get coronavirus from your pets?\u003c/em> resonated with audiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3580\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">This type of reporting strengthened KQED’s commitment to focusing on\u003ca class=\"dy iv\" href=\"https://medium.com/disrupting-public-media/kqed-facilitating-dialogue-and-direction-with-its-community-674d8fac44f4\" rel=\"noopener\"> “audience first\u003c/a>.” The scope and impact of the overlapping disasters of the pandemic and catastrophic wildfires reinforced the importance of meeting the public where it was. Station innovations such as a live blog, creating customized content on social media, requests for public input on what to cover, and translation of articles and news reports into Spanish were implemented to expand access of disaster news coverage to the most vulnerable and underserved Bay Area communities. Reporters felt that this disaster reporting strengthened their sense and understanding of public service. When researching and writing their stories, reporters were more conscious about how to make their work more accessible, actionable, and relevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"d12b\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">I think reporting during these disasters has strengthened my understanding of working for a public media organization. More now than I did before, I think about what would be helpful for people in my community to know about. What would people want to know when they read this story? How can I make it more easily accessible? I feel more of the reporting that we do now is at the service of the public. — KQED Science News team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"fdf7\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia lg ic id ie lh ig ih ii li ik il im lj io ip iq lk is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">When covering these twin disasters, reporters were increasingly aware of the importance of being respectful when speaking with victims. The scope of these catastrophes has impacted millions across thousands of different communities, people who have different and profound life circumstances that need to be recognized and put in context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"313c\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">I think what is different now is the growing number of people impacted by these disasters. I think other disasters have been really helpful in terms of helping us learn how to talk to people who are going through really scary things and how to respectfully talk to people who are going through tragic moments. — KQED Science News team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"5365\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia lg ic id ie lh ig ih ii li ik il im lj io ip iq lk is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Journalists believe that the public saw the value of people experiencing a disaster also reporting on it. During these disasters, KQED science reporters, and the news team in general, displayed resiliency and a strong sense of purpose. Living through the disasters themselves helped shape their coverage, and reporters were looking for the same answers that their friends and family wanted to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"55c6\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">Going through something like this yourself raises your own empathy for what others are going through. You have a greater understanding of the situation. It’s not abstract. — KQED Science News staff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2 id=\"8fa7\" class=\"ll ix fy bb da lm ln lo ja lp lq lr jd ls lt lu jh lv lw lx jl ly lz ma jp mb gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Developing Engagement Strategies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp id=\"e6ab\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The increasing use of social media as a platform to disseminate and gather disaster information was another factor that impacted the changing relationship between reporters and the public. In many respects, the role of the news media has shifted in recent times from gatekeeping to “gatewatching,” where journalists publicize and share relevant news content rather than focus solely on its production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9679\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Writing for social media, however, requires a communication style and information design unique to the medium in order to optimally capture a reader’s attention. Optimizing the impact of social media was especially critical during disaster coverage. Science News reporters worked with staff from KQED’s Science Audience Engagement team to identify methods for improving reach and relevance of wildfire and pandemic-related stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"6db6\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">The big issue we were having in science early on was the way our articles were written. There were nuggets in there, but it wasn’t like, “Here are the key takeaways, boom, boom, boom.” We (engagement staff) would work with reporters to pull those out and that’s what we would highlight. We helped the reporters realize that they could organize the writing where certain key elements would pop out faster, certain headlines, headers, etc. This was especially true for the wildfire series. During the pandemic we were working on an article about the elderly and the lack of regulation in assisted living facilities and nursing homes. We made the point that the article needs to say, “Here are the questions you need to ask your loved ones about how these facilities are operated.” If you don’t make an impact on social media, it’s really not getting out there. — KQED Science and Engagement Team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"4805\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia lg ic id ie lh ig ih ii li ik il im lj io ip iq lk is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Engagement staff also had an influence on reporters’ increased use of visuals and graphics within their stories. KQED’s own research confirmed that the use of visuals in science articles attracted a greater number of readers, and increased the amount of time audiences would spend with a particular article. Content during the wildfires and pandemic included a greater share of videos and infographics, especially those that addressed important health and safety information such as how to keep your indoor air clean and which masks were effective against wildfire smoke and against COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"60d4\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During pandemic and wildfire coverage, reporters gathered information and solicited feedback from the public on topics of interest to them through KQED’s social media channels and platforms such as\u003ca class=\"dy iv\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow noreferrer\"> Bay Curious\u003c/a>, a podcast series that explores questions posed by the public. Science reporters credited these eyewitness perspectives in helping their team build awareness of rapidly changing situations on the ground, as well as helping to identify areas most in need of disaster assistance or further investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3f68\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Facilitating these multidirectional information flows can have positive impacts for communities affected by disasters by helping to raise awareness of the importance of organizing in building resilience against future climate and other disaster events. On the flip side, these types of digital communication may privilege the voices of better-off residents at the expense of poorer ones, who may lack the skills and access to make themselves heard online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9e2c\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Reporters feel, due in part to this more genuine understanding and connection with their audiences, that the public’s appreciation and awareness of science reporting has also been bolstered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"c6f7\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">I think our reporting during the disasters has given the public more understanding and more respect for what we do. I think for some people they may trust the media a little bit more and appreciate what to look for in a good science story — KQED Science News team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2 id=\"877d\" class=\"iw ix fy bb da iy iz ic ja jb jc ig jd je me jg jh ji mf jk jl jm mg jo jp jq gv\">Final Thoughts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"34ab\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">I think that at the intersection of science and values is where there’s a huge amount of really fascinating science journalism that is yet to be done. — KQED Science News team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"a6b1\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia lg ic id ie lh ig ih ii li ik il im lj io ip iq lk is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The events of 2020–21 have reinforced that the disasters we are experiencing today are precursors to more dramatic environmental and social changes that the planet will need to confront for a long time to come. The broad scale and speed of these changes, and the need to keep the public informed and safe, are redefining the role and purpose of science journalism and disaster reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5b77\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">For science journalists, this rapidly changing landscape raises questions of accountability, meaning and value. Will their reporting help people deal with instability brought on by disasters? What deeper questions and issues must journalists investigate to better contextualize the impact of disaster events for diverse populations? How can media organizations keep up with the public’s demand for information during these crises? Will accuracy be compromised for speed? How can reporters assure coverage that is equitable and reflective of community needs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"cc67\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The experiences of the past year have tested journalists. In the process of covering wildfires and the pandemic, the KQED Science team experienced tremendous personal and professional stress. Even though the pressure to produce exposed weaknesses in some of KQED’s management systems, Science News and other KQED staff engineered tools and adopted new methods for engaging with the public, resulting in dissemination of news articles that were more thoughtful, relevant, and actionable for communities under duress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9c4a\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As the frequency and severity of disasters continue to increase at an alarming rate, newsrooms must be proactive in applying the lessons learned during the past year, and they should lay the foundations for a more responsive and inclusive approach to disaster reporting. This means challenging traditional journalistic practices and norms that limit a reporter’s ability to effectively identify, cover, explain and explore the root causes and long-term impacts of these catastrophic events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"c6ec\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">To succeed and be sustainable, all of this, of course, will require a broader culture shift across all media organizations, as well as changes to key workflows and processes. At a time when the public needs relevant, reliable, and accurate information more than ever, nothing could be more important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">[googleapps domain=\"drive\" dir=\"/file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview\" query=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-understanding-audiences-4a595d84d85c\">Medium\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644368296,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":true,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":0,"wordCount":1575},"headData":{"title":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Understanding Audiences | KQED","description":"This is the final installment of a multi-part series describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the San Francisco public-media based KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16651 https://ww2.kqed.org/about/?p=16651&preview=true&preview_id=16651","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/about/2021/11/23/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-understanding-audiences/","disqusTitle":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Understanding Audiences","source":"Rapid Response Research (RAPID)","WpOldSlug":"whats-keeping-women-from-watching-deep-look","nprByline":"Scott Burg, Rockman et al \u003cbr> Medium","subhead":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Understanding Audiences","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/about/16651/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-understanding-audiences","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp id=\"0571\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk iv iw hn ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cstrong class=\"hz fz\">This is the final installment of a\u003c/strong>\u003ca class=\"dy iv\" href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b4b1caca21a8\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong class=\"hz fz\"> multi-part series\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong class=\"hz fz\"> describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the San Francisco public-media based KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"7b42\" class=\"iw ix fy bb da iy iz ic ja jb jc ig jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq gv\">Working with the Public\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp id=\"dc88\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Covering the pandemic and wildfires of 2020–21 helped redefine\u003cspan id=\"rmm\"> \u003c/span>reporters’ relationships with and understanding of their audiences, and fostered a more empathetic, responsive and public-service oriented approach to their disaster coverage. During the pandemic, reporters found they were focusing on more than the usual amount of “news you can use” stories. Early on, with so much unknown about how the virus spread and conflicting information (and misinformation) coming from a multitude of health and government officials, an anxious public, uncertain of what to believe, was searching for answers. So news stories that addressed practical questions such as, “\u003cem class=\"ku\">Why does hand-washing work? Why should I get tested? What do you clean your house with? \u003c/em>and \u003cem class=\"ku\">Can you get coronavirus from your pets?\u003c/em> resonated with audiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3580\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">This type of reporting strengthened KQED’s commitment to focusing on\u003ca class=\"dy iv\" href=\"https://medium.com/disrupting-public-media/kqed-facilitating-dialogue-and-direction-with-its-community-674d8fac44f4\" rel=\"noopener\"> “audience first\u003c/a>.” The scope and impact of the overlapping disasters of the pandemic and catastrophic wildfires reinforced the importance of meeting the public where it was. Station innovations such as a live blog, creating customized content on social media, requests for public input on what to cover, and translation of articles and news reports into Spanish were implemented to expand access of disaster news coverage to the most vulnerable and underserved Bay Area communities. Reporters felt that this disaster reporting strengthened their sense and understanding of public service. When researching and writing their stories, reporters were more conscious about how to make their work more accessible, actionable, and relevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"d12b\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">I think reporting during these disasters has strengthened my understanding of working for a public media organization. More now than I did before, I think about what would be helpful for people in my community to know about. What would people want to know when they read this story? How can I make it more easily accessible? I feel more of the reporting that we do now is at the service of the public. — KQED Science News team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"fdf7\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia lg ic id ie lh ig ih ii li ik il im lj io ip iq lk is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">When covering these twin disasters, reporters were increasingly aware of the importance of being respectful when speaking with victims. The scope of these catastrophes has impacted millions across thousands of different communities, people who have different and profound life circumstances that need to be recognized and put in context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"313c\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">I think what is different now is the growing number of people impacted by these disasters. I think other disasters have been really helpful in terms of helping us learn how to talk to people who are going through really scary things and how to respectfully talk to people who are going through tragic moments. — KQED Science News team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"5365\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia lg ic id ie lh ig ih ii li ik il im lj io ip iq lk is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Journalists believe that the public saw the value of people experiencing a disaster also reporting on it. During these disasters, KQED science reporters, and the news team in general, displayed resiliency and a strong sense of purpose. Living through the disasters themselves helped shape their coverage, and reporters were looking for the same answers that their friends and family wanted to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"55c6\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">Going through something like this yourself raises your own empathy for what others are going through. You have a greater understanding of the situation. It’s not abstract. — KQED Science News staff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2 id=\"8fa7\" class=\"ll ix fy bb da lm ln lo ja lp lq lr jd ls lt lu jh lv lw lx jl ly lz ma jp mb gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Developing Engagement Strategies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp id=\"e6ab\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The increasing use of social media as a platform to disseminate and gather disaster information was another factor that impacted the changing relationship between reporters and the public. In many respects, the role of the news media has shifted in recent times from gatekeeping to “gatewatching,” where journalists publicize and share relevant news content rather than focus solely on its production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9679\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Writing for social media, however, requires a communication style and information design unique to the medium in order to optimally capture a reader’s attention. Optimizing the impact of social media was especially critical during disaster coverage. Science News reporters worked with staff from KQED’s Science Audience Engagement team to identify methods for improving reach and relevance of wildfire and pandemic-related stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"6db6\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">The big issue we were having in science early on was the way our articles were written. There were nuggets in there, but it wasn’t like, “Here are the key takeaways, boom, boom, boom.” We (engagement staff) would work with reporters to pull those out and that’s what we would highlight. We helped the reporters realize that they could organize the writing where certain key elements would pop out faster, certain headlines, headers, etc. This was especially true for the wildfire series. During the pandemic we were working on an article about the elderly and the lack of regulation in assisted living facilities and nursing homes. We made the point that the article needs to say, “Here are the questions you need to ask your loved ones about how these facilities are operated.” If you don’t make an impact on social media, it’s really not getting out there. — KQED Science and Engagement Team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"4805\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia lg ic id ie lh ig ih ii li ik il im lj io ip iq lk is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Engagement staff also had an influence on reporters’ increased use of visuals and graphics within their stories. KQED’s own research confirmed that the use of visuals in science articles attracted a greater number of readers, and increased the amount of time audiences would spend with a particular article. Content during the wildfires and pandemic included a greater share of videos and infographics, especially those that addressed important health and safety information such as how to keep your indoor air clean and which masks were effective against wildfire smoke and against COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"60d4\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During pandemic and wildfire coverage, reporters gathered information and solicited feedback from the public on topics of interest to them through KQED’s social media channels and platforms such as\u003ca class=\"dy iv\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow noreferrer\"> Bay Curious\u003c/a>, a podcast series that explores questions posed by the public. Science reporters credited these eyewitness perspectives in helping their team build awareness of rapidly changing situations on the ground, as well as helping to identify areas most in need of disaster assistance or further investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3f68\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Facilitating these multidirectional information flows can have positive impacts for communities affected by disasters by helping to raise awareness of the importance of organizing in building resilience against future climate and other disaster events. On the flip side, these types of digital communication may privilege the voices of better-off residents at the expense of poorer ones, who may lack the skills and access to make themselves heard online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9e2c\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Reporters feel, due in part to this more genuine understanding and connection with their audiences, that the public’s appreciation and awareness of science reporting has also been bolstered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"c6f7\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">I think our reporting during the disasters has given the public more understanding and more respect for what we do. I think for some people they may trust the media a little bit more and appreciate what to look for in a good science story — KQED Science News team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2 id=\"877d\" class=\"iw ix fy bb da iy iz ic ja jb jc ig jd je me jg jh ji mf jk jl jm mg jo jp jq gv\">Final Thoughts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kv\">\n\u003cp id=\"34ab\" class=\"kw kx fy bb ky kz la lb lc ld le iu bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lf\">I think that at the intersection of science and values is where there’s a huge amount of really fascinating science journalism that is yet to be done. — KQED Science News team\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"a6b1\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia lg ic id ie lh ig ih ii li ik il im lj io ip iq lk is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The events of 2020–21 have reinforced that the disasters we are experiencing today are precursors to more dramatic environmental and social changes that the planet will need to confront for a long time to come. The broad scale and speed of these changes, and the need to keep the public informed and safe, are redefining the role and purpose of science journalism and disaster reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5b77\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">For science journalists, this rapidly changing landscape raises questions of accountability, meaning and value. Will their reporting help people deal with instability brought on by disasters? What deeper questions and issues must journalists investigate to better contextualize the impact of disaster events for diverse populations? How can media organizations keep up with the public’s demand for information during these crises? Will accuracy be compromised for speed? How can reporters assure coverage that is equitable and reflective of community needs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"cc67\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The experiences of the past year have tested journalists. In the process of covering wildfires and the pandemic, the KQED Science team experienced tremendous personal and professional stress. Even though the pressure to produce exposed weaknesses in some of KQED’s management systems, Science News and other KQED staff engineered tools and adopted new methods for engaging with the public, resulting in dissemination of news articles that were more thoughtful, relevant, and actionable for communities under duress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9c4a\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As the frequency and severity of disasters continue to increase at an alarming rate, newsrooms must be proactive in applying the lessons learned during the past year, and they should lay the foundations for a more responsive and inclusive approach to disaster reporting. This means challenging traditional journalistic practices and norms that limit a reporter’s ability to effectively identify, cover, explain and explore the root causes and long-term impacts of these catastrophic events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"c6ec\" class=\"hx hy fy hz b ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">To succeed and be sustainable, all of this, of course, will require a broader culture shift across all media organizations, as well as changes to key workflows and processes. At a time when the public needs relevant, reliable, and accurate information more than ever, nothing could be more important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview?embedded=true'\n title='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview'\n width='800'\n height='533'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-understanding-audiences-4a595d84d85c\">Medium\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/about/16651/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-understanding-audiences","authors":["byline_about_16651"],"programs":["about_583"],"categories":["about_62"],"tags":["about_667","about_679","about_678","about_580","about_686","about_681","about_676","about_626","about_680","about_682","about_496","about_720","about_712","about_653","about_672","about_666","about_687"],"featImg":"about_16652","label":"source_about_16651"},"about_16646":{"type":"posts","id":"about_16646","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"about","id":"16646","score":null,"sort":[1637707220000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-infodemic-and-health-disparities","title":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Infodemic and Health Disparities","publishDate":1637707220,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Cracking the Code | About KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp id=\"0571\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk iv iw hn ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cstrong class=\"id fz\">This is the third of a\u003c/strong>\u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b4b1caca21a8\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong class=\"id fz\"> multi-part series\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong class=\"id fz\"> describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the San Francisco public- media based KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on, and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"d990\" class=\"ja jb fy bb da jc jd ig je jf jg ik jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju gv\">Managing an ‘Infodemic’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp id=\"fded\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In the wake of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the public is als\u003cspan id=\"rmm\">o\u003c/span> experiencing a massive \u003cem class=\"ky\">infodemic.\u003c/em> This term, first coined by the World Health Organization, refers to the bombarding of vast quantities of information, much of it untrue or scientifically unproven, spreading in parallel with the virus. The end result is that a news-hungry public may often find it difficult to distinguish between evidence-based information, and a broad array of \u003cem class=\"ky\">mis\u003c/em>information. During the pandemic, the volume and speed of COVID-related information released by federal, state, and local government agencies, as well as by scientific and academic institutions, put stress on the media’s information-gathering and vetting processes.The mountain of incorrect and often harmful assertions proliferating on social media, where anyone can publish and claim to be an expert, added to this already daunting task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"d60d\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">What has often been called an \u003cem class=\"ky\">infodemic \u003c/em>forced KQED science reporters to take extra steps when vetting information and sources related to the pandemic. The reporters knew that publishing inaccurate claims could negatively affect the public’s health and safety. Adding to the stress of an already high-pressure situation, before filing their stories, reporters constantly had to check and recheck the validity of statements by public figures and politicians, as well as data and research from the scientific community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"510b\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">When potentially life-and-death decisions are being made based upon reported information, the accuracy of that information becomes essential. Accuracy can often be sacrificed for the sake of speed, so lots of facts either don’t get reported with enough context or get lost in a stream of misinformation. During disasters, reporters walk a delicate line between deadlines and a desire to avoid spreading inaccuracies in their haste to report information. Journalists are constantly balancing when and how fast to publish, as well as how much they’re willing to say when a story or piece of information may not feel totally vetted, a frequent occurrence during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"9738\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">One of the first rules of journalism when you’re covering disasters is to be very careful with anything that you haven’t confirmed and not to rush information online\u003c/em>. — KQED Science News team\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"076d\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the height of the pandemic, information and directives coming from public health and government sources would change sometimes from hour to hour. The ever shifting nature of this information, and the limitations imposed by many agencies on access to public records, made it difficult for reporters to confirm even basic pieces of information they were disseminating. The pressure to rapidly push information out to the public limited the time needed to properly analyze and contextualize what was being released. As one reporter remarked: “We were in conflict with ourselves about information and how we understand information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"92d1\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">One concerning trend to emerge from the pandemic indicated the lines of when to report research were becoming increasingly blurry, as the science community began to move out of its “comfort zone” with respect to the point at which it makes its findings public. Though the KQED Science News team normally does not report on preprints (studies posted prior to peer review), during the height of the pandemic, any research on the virus was considered critical, and as such many in the news media started to report on it. Likewise, there were some instances of pharmaceutical companies reporting positive trial results without releasing the data. The public was so hungry for good news that some outlets published these “findings” as well. This put reporters in a bind and looking for confirmation in places they normally wouldn’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"5d7a\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">I really appreciate the science community stepping up and being really willing to share context and perspective. I think there were some early Twitter groups of virologists that I followed. I got clued in quickly to papers that were making a big splash, but were suspicious. For example, there was a preprint paper that said something like the virus had been circulating since late last summer (2019). It was not well reviewed. I was able to say we don’t want to give this attention because the findings are really suspicious. We didn’t do anything with it, and didn’t have to correct any information. It can be really overwhelming to try to have eyes on all of the science press, all the literature, so much on Twitter. I would rather us move a little bit slower and have more context and scientific opinions before we say something that moves really quickly and may not have review.\u003c/em> –KQED Science News staff\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"e47c\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">A number of reporters commented that the type of disinformation promulgated during the pandemic was different than in other disasters, such as the California wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"058c\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">During a big fire, if Cal Fire says the fires are 50% contained, reporters can’t really fact check that, and also, they don’t have a good reason to lie. If a company says their vaccines look really, really promising, they’re interested in that message getting out to investors, they may have a good reason to lie to you. This is just like a multifaceted disaster because it’s partially partisan. There’s misinformation out there with the motivation behind it\u003c/em>.– KQED Science News staff\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"3e2e\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The experience of reporting the pandemic and wildfires has shed light on how scientific research and review get translated into consumable news. The hope is that this may infuse some healthy skepticism into the newsroom to promote more scrupulous vetting of research studies or claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"2aa1\" class=\"ja jb fy bb da jc jd ig je jf jg ik jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju gv\">Equity and Health Disparities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp id=\"cbf0\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">What the pandemic and wildfires reinforced for KQED Science reporters was that health is a complex topic to cover, and that addressing public health and equity issues is fundamental to properly covering these kinds of disasters. As both the pandemic and wildfires continued into the fall of 2020, it became increasingly evident that communities of color were being disproportionately impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"bcdb\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the first stages of disaster reporting, reporters acknowledged that there can be a reflexive reaching out to people already in their own communities or networks. Such sources are generally part of, and often represent, the perspectives from a reporter’s own socioeconomic status. Only later in disaster coverage may more diverse perspectives come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5c76\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">For many KQED Science reporters, covering the twin disasters blurred the line between reporting on science and reporting on public health and policy. Due in part to capacity issues, KQED Science reporters didn’t generally cover health policy issues, but the events of 2020 began to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"a5f1\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">Climate change has a disproportionate impact on certain populations. I think we have to surface that. Health is a massive area and public health is fundamental, as we’ve discovered during this pandemic. We’ve been covering stories about medicine, therapeutics and antibodies as [they] relate to the coronavirus pandemic. We’re not really covering race and equity and disparities during disasters; we’re still just scratching the surface\u003c/em>. — KQED Science News staff\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"3751\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As the disasters progressed, KQED Science reporters began reaching out to Bay Area communities generally less represented in news coverage, in order to understand the many ways they were being impacted. Follow-up stories included interviews with individuals from marginalized groups, documenting the circumstances that led to hospitalizations and displacement, lack of access to proper diagnosis and treatment, and the loss of jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"f485\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">I think science should cover policy, and\u003c/em>\u003cstrong class=\"ce\">\u003cem class=\"lj\"> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem class=\"lj\">because policy brings up broader societal questions, they’re going to be necessarily messier. I think because climate affects health, it would be a mistake not to follow that to the conclusion of what happens when those things are affected.\u003c/em> — KQED Science News staff\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"e17f\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As more data came out highlighting the stark health disparities in communities impacted by the pandemic and wildfires, reporters reflected on a need for more diversity among the news staff. As one reporter commented:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"1514\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">“\u003cem class=\"ky\">When there are less diverse newsrooms, there is a tendency for diverse voices to take a back seat.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5fb5\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Covering equity-related issues during disasters raises questions about the implications of coverage for wider political conversations about disaster-related issues, such as aid, environmental protection, global climate change, and the costs of human development in areas prone to natural disasters. Reporters also struggle with defining their responsibility and the kinds of stories they should focus on post-disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3f52\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In future disaster coverage, especially on issues dealing with climate, reporters will need to redefine how they approach stories about health disparities. This will require a greater appreciation for building trust within vulnerable communities to ensure that the reporting and research process is participatory and genuine, which can help people feel more comfortable when they are asked to tell their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5ad2\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Our final article will explore how recent disaster reporting has changed reporters’ relationships with the public and is reshaping the media’s coverage of disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">[googleapps domain=\"drive\" dir=\"/file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview\" query=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-95bacbdf1f34\">Medium\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644368852,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":true,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":0,"wordCount":1533},"headData":{"title":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Infodemic and Health Disparities | KQED","description":"This is the third of a multi-part series describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the San Francisco public- media based KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on, and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16646 https://ww2.kqed.org/about/?p=16646&preview=true&preview_id=16646","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/about/2021/11/23/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-infodemic-and-health-disparities/","disqusTitle":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Infodemic and Health Disparities","source":"Rapid Response Research (RAPID)","WpOldSlug":"whats-keeping-women-from-watching-deep-look","nprByline":"Scott Burg, Rockman et al \u003cbr> Medium","subhead":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Infodemic and Health Disparities","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/about/16646/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-infodemic-and-health-disparities","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp id=\"0571\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk iv iw hn ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cstrong class=\"id fz\">This is the third of a\u003c/strong>\u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b4b1caca21a8\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong class=\"id fz\"> multi-part series\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong class=\"id fz\"> describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the San Francisco public- media based KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on, and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"d990\" class=\"ja jb fy bb da jc jd ig je jf jg ik jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju gv\">Managing an ‘Infodemic’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp id=\"fded\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In the wake of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the public is als\u003cspan id=\"rmm\">o\u003c/span> experiencing a massive \u003cem class=\"ky\">infodemic.\u003c/em> This term, first coined by the World Health Organization, refers to the bombarding of vast quantities of information, much of it untrue or scientifically unproven, spreading in parallel with the virus. The end result is that a news-hungry public may often find it difficult to distinguish between evidence-based information, and a broad array of \u003cem class=\"ky\">mis\u003c/em>information. During the pandemic, the volume and speed of COVID-related information released by federal, state, and local government agencies, as well as by scientific and academic institutions, put stress on the media’s information-gathering and vetting processes.The mountain of incorrect and often harmful assertions proliferating on social media, where anyone can publish and claim to be an expert, added to this already daunting task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"d60d\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">What has often been called an \u003cem class=\"ky\">infodemic \u003c/em>forced KQED science reporters to take extra steps when vetting information and sources related to the pandemic. The reporters knew that publishing inaccurate claims could negatively affect the public’s health and safety. Adding to the stress of an already high-pressure situation, before filing their stories, reporters constantly had to check and recheck the validity of statements by public figures and politicians, as well as data and research from the scientific community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"510b\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">When potentially life-and-death decisions are being made based upon reported information, the accuracy of that information becomes essential. Accuracy can often be sacrificed for the sake of speed, so lots of facts either don’t get reported with enough context or get lost in a stream of misinformation. During disasters, reporters walk a delicate line between deadlines and a desire to avoid spreading inaccuracies in their haste to report information. Journalists are constantly balancing when and how fast to publish, as well as how much they’re willing to say when a story or piece of information may not feel totally vetted, a frequent occurrence during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"9738\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">One of the first rules of journalism when you’re covering disasters is to be very careful with anything that you haven’t confirmed and not to rush information online\u003c/em>. — KQED Science News team\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"076d\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the height of the pandemic, information and directives coming from public health and government sources would change sometimes from hour to hour. The ever shifting nature of this information, and the limitations imposed by many agencies on access to public records, made it difficult for reporters to confirm even basic pieces of information they were disseminating. The pressure to rapidly push information out to the public limited the time needed to properly analyze and contextualize what was being released. As one reporter remarked: “We were in conflict with ourselves about information and how we understand information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"92d1\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">One concerning trend to emerge from the pandemic indicated the lines of when to report research were becoming increasingly blurry, as the science community began to move out of its “comfort zone” with respect to the point at which it makes its findings public. Though the KQED Science News team normally does not report on preprints (studies posted prior to peer review), during the height of the pandemic, any research on the virus was considered critical, and as such many in the news media started to report on it. Likewise, there were some instances of pharmaceutical companies reporting positive trial results without releasing the data. The public was so hungry for good news that some outlets published these “findings” as well. This put reporters in a bind and looking for confirmation in places they normally wouldn’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"5d7a\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">I really appreciate the science community stepping up and being really willing to share context and perspective. I think there were some early Twitter groups of virologists that I followed. I got clued in quickly to papers that were making a big splash, but were suspicious. For example, there was a preprint paper that said something like the virus had been circulating since late last summer (2019). It was not well reviewed. I was able to say we don’t want to give this attention because the findings are really suspicious. We didn’t do anything with it, and didn’t have to correct any information. It can be really overwhelming to try to have eyes on all of the science press, all the literature, so much on Twitter. I would rather us move a little bit slower and have more context and scientific opinions before we say something that moves really quickly and may not have review.\u003c/em> –KQED Science News staff\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"e47c\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">A number of reporters commented that the type of disinformation promulgated during the pandemic was different than in other disasters, such as the California wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"058c\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">During a big fire, if Cal Fire says the fires are 50% contained, reporters can’t really fact check that, and also, they don’t have a good reason to lie. If a company says their vaccines look really, really promising, they’re interested in that message getting out to investors, they may have a good reason to lie to you. This is just like a multifaceted disaster because it’s partially partisan. There’s misinformation out there with the motivation behind it\u003c/em>.– KQED Science News staff\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"3e2e\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The experience of reporting the pandemic and wildfires has shed light on how scientific research and review get translated into consumable news. The hope is that this may infuse some healthy skepticism into the newsroom to promote more scrupulous vetting of research studies or claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"2aa1\" class=\"ja jb fy bb da jc jd ig je jf jg ik jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju gv\">Equity and Health Disparities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp id=\"cbf0\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">What the pandemic and wildfires reinforced for KQED Science reporters was that health is a complex topic to cover, and that addressing public health and equity issues is fundamental to properly covering these kinds of disasters. As both the pandemic and wildfires continued into the fall of 2020, it became increasingly evident that communities of color were being disproportionately impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"bcdb\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the first stages of disaster reporting, reporters acknowledged that there can be a reflexive reaching out to people already in their own communities or networks. Such sources are generally part of, and often represent, the perspectives from a reporter’s own socioeconomic status. Only later in disaster coverage may more diverse perspectives come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5c76\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">For many KQED Science reporters, covering the twin disasters blurred the line between reporting on science and reporting on public health and policy. Due in part to capacity issues, KQED Science reporters didn’t generally cover health policy issues, but the events of 2020 began to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"a5f1\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">Climate change has a disproportionate impact on certain populations. I think we have to surface that. Health is a massive area and public health is fundamental, as we’ve discovered during this pandemic. We’ve been covering stories about medicine, therapeutics and antibodies as [they] relate to the coronavirus pandemic. We’re not really covering race and equity and disparities during disasters; we’re still just scratching the surface\u003c/em>. — KQED Science News staff\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"3751\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As the disasters progressed, KQED Science reporters began reaching out to Bay Area communities generally less represented in news coverage, in order to understand the many ways they were being impacted. Follow-up stories included interviews with individuals from marginalized groups, documenting the circumstances that led to hospitalizations and displacement, lack of access to proper diagnosis and treatment, and the loss of jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"kz\">\n\u003cp id=\"f485\" class=\"la lb fy bb lc ld le lf lg lh li iy bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"lj\">I think science should cover policy, and\u003c/em>\u003cstrong class=\"ce\">\u003cem class=\"lj\"> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem class=\"lj\">because policy brings up broader societal questions, they’re going to be necessarily messier. I think because climate affects health, it would be a mistake not to follow that to the conclusion of what happens when those things are affected.\u003c/em> — KQED Science News staff\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp id=\"e17f\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie lk ig ih ii ll ik il im lm io ip iq ln is it iu lo iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As more data came out highlighting the stark health disparities in communities impacted by the pandemic and wildfires, reporters reflected on a need for more diversity among the news staff. As one reporter commented:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"1514\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">“\u003cem class=\"ky\">When there are less diverse newsrooms, there is a tendency for diverse voices to take a back seat.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5fb5\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Covering equity-related issues during disasters raises questions about the implications of coverage for wider political conversations about disaster-related issues, such as aid, environmental protection, global climate change, and the costs of human development in areas prone to natural disasters. Reporters also struggle with defining their responsibility and the kinds of stories they should focus on post-disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3f52\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In future disaster coverage, especially on issues dealing with climate, reporters will need to redefine how they approach stories about health disparities. This will require a greater appreciation for building trust within vulnerable communities to ensure that the reporting and research process is participatory and genuine, which can help people feel more comfortable when they are asked to tell their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5ad2\" class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Our final article will explore how recent disaster reporting has changed reporters’ relationships with the public and is reshaping the media’s coverage of disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ib ic fy id b ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy dn gv\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview?embedded=true'\n title='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview'\n width='800'\n height='533'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-95bacbdf1f34\">Medium\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/about/16646/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-infodemic-and-health-disparities","authors":["byline_about_16646"],"programs":["about_583"],"categories":["about_62"],"tags":["about_667","about_679","about_678","about_580","about_686","about_681","about_676","about_626","about_680","about_682","about_496","about_720","about_712","about_653","about_672","about_666","about_687"],"featImg":"about_16647","label":"source_about_16646"},"about_16298":{"type":"posts","id":"about_16298","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"about","id":"16298","score":null,"sort":[1631913358000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-2","title":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: A New Definition of Risk","publishDate":1631913358,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Cracking the Code | About KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp id=\"0571\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk iv iw hn ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cstrong class=\"iu da\">This is the second of a \u003c/strong>\u003ca class=\"dy jk\" href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b4b1caca21a8\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong class=\"iu da\">multi-part series \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong class=\"iu da\">describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on, and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"538b\" class=\"jl jm gm bb jn jo jp iv jq jr js ix jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg hi\">Risk and Responding to Challenges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"b033\" class=\"ki kj gm bb kk kl km kn ko kp kq jj bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"kr\">We know how to put on fireproof clothing. If we’re in a war zone we know to stay with the troops, but this is a different challenge and a lot of editors and a lot of journalists are still learning as they go. — KQED science news staff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"b0b3\" class=\"jl jm gm bb jn jo jp iv jq jr js ix jt ju ks jw jx jy kt ka kb kc ku ke kf kg hi\">A new type of risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure class=\"kw kx ky kz la ga fg lb bu lc ld le lf lg cf lh li lj lk ll lm paragraph-image\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"gb gc ap gd w ge\" role=\"button\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"fd fe kv\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"lr s ap ls\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"lt lu s\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"ep ln ef es eo ex w lo lp lq\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"ox tv ef es eo ex w c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https://miro.medium.com/max/625/1*9kvE4bMcHfRVXl51H56R2A.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"667\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp id=\"0aae\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In today’s disasters, risk has become systemic, directly affecting \u003cspan id=\"rmm\">c\u003c/span>ore functions designed to manage the environment, the economy, and health care. Risk is now so all-encompassing that it can no longer be the responsibility of any single health authority, disaster management agency or early warning center. As we’ve increasingly witnessed, especially in the past two years, climate change represents the new factor for risk in this millennium. Climate change affects disaster risks in two ways: through the increase and intensity in weather and climate hazards, and, through the increased vulnerability of communities to climate risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"943d\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">This new level of risk was particularly evident during the 2020 wildfire season, during which KQED’s science reporters received a kind of crash course in covering disasters under these conditions. In addition to the unprecedented increase in the number, scope and intensity of the fires, reporters had to simultaneously navigate and report on the pandemic. While covering these stories, reporters had to be cognizant of Covid health and safety measures, effectively limiting their access to firefighters and those directly impacted by the blazes. Because of these limitations, stories could not be as deep, or convey the impact of the fires on a more personal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5c49\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Experiences covering previous wildfires prepared reporters, in part, for covering the pandemic. During wildfire season science reporters had to gear up quickly to respond to rapidly changing circumstances, determine different arenas of coverage, and coordinate their coverage with KQED’s general news team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"be48\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">However, even for these seasoned reporters, the pandemic represented a level of risk, completely different than anything they’d ever experienced. Not only had the nature of the reporting itself changed, but in trying to address the story’s human side, many reporters were themselves in danger of contracting COVID-19, forcing news organizations like KQED to grapple with the catastrophe in many of the same ways as society in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"fd1c\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the rare times reporters were able to go into the field to do a story, they had to take extra precautions. One of KQED Science’s first field stories during the pandemic was filed by an LA-based reporter covering the issue of nursing home visitations. She describes her experience interviewing a woman unable to visit her mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9cc8\" class=\"ki kj gm bb kk kl km kn ko kp kq jj bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"kr\">I was interviewing this woman with an eight-foot boom between us and my arms were getting tired. She was looking everywhere and I was looking everywhere. I hadn’t been in the world in that way for quite some time. KQED was very much taking the perspective that we have to take care of people’s safety.\u003c/em> \u003cem class=\"kr\">While I generally agree with that, at the same time this woman didn’t wear a mask. She didn’t intentionally get too close to me, but it’s hard to maintain six feet apart if you’ve been on any socially distant walks with anybody. It’s arbitrary. People don’t remember six feet. I had a mask and a boom pole, but I hadn’t ever worn those things to work before. I was being more protective than I normally am in my own risk assessment in my old life. It was just a complicated layer of things to think about. — \u003c/em>KQED science news staff\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"7986\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk md iv iw hn me ix iy iz mf ja jb jc mg jd je jf mh jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During these catastrophes, KQED Science reporters, and the news team in general, displayed resiliency and a strong sense of purpose. Reporters were asking the same questions that their friends and family were, and they believed that the public saw the value in people who were experiencing a disaster also writing about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"2a12\" class=\"ki kj gm bb kk kl km kn ko kp kq jj bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>Going through something like this yourself raises one’s empathy for what others are going through. You have a greater understanding of the situation. It’s not abstract. — KQED science reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"dcb7\" class=\"jl jm gm bb jn jo jp iv jq jr js ix jt ju ks jw jx jy kt ka kb kc ku ke kf kg hi\">Responding to Change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure class=\"kw kx ky kz la ga fd fe paragraph-image\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"fd fe mi\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"lr s ap ls\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"mj lu s\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"ep ln ef es eo ex w lo lp lq\">\u003cimg class=\"ef es eo ex w lv lw af vg\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https://miro.medium.com/max/60/1*UCtXi42JwaEnRuffNukAug.jpeg?q=20\" alt=\"\" width=\"299\" height=\"168\" />\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"ox tv ef es eo ex w c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https://miro.medium.com/max/374/1*UCtXi42JwaEnRuffNukAug.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"299\" height=\"168\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp id=\"0941\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In the early stage of the pandemic, traditional workflows and reporting processes within KQED were dramatically upended. For the science news team, there was no “normal” to fall back on. Reporters were forced to work from home, reporting from the field was discouraged if not impossible, information sources were unreliable, and unpredictable angles kept shifting the arc of the story. Stress levels ran high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"4947\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Working from home presented challenges. Not having direct access to sources was problematic, especially as disaster conditions continued to change and evolve. The nature of building news sources and relationships also changed. Reporters noted that during disasters, it’s optimal to be on the ground, watching a given situation unfold in person, and to interview people who have been affected. The dynamic of an interview changes and becomes richer and more personal when you can speak with someone in their own space or community. This was not easy to do virtually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"d0dd\" class=\"ki kj gm bb kk kl km kn ko kp kq jj bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>There’s a reason why all the good city hall reporters hung out at City Hall. How do you develop a relationship with somebody you meet at a Board of Supervisors Meeting on Zoom? You can’t get to them in the chat. If somebody makes a passionate comment at a public meeting that’s virtual, you can’t go find them to ask, “Hey what’s your story? — KQED Science News staff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"0fd7\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk md iv iw hn me ix iy iz mf ja jb jc mg jd je jf mh jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Even though the frantic pace was stressful, science reporters commented that the intensity of the work, and the focus on a more traditional news, as opposed to science orientation helped them to become better news reporters. One reporter noted she was able to \u003cem class=\"mk\">“…work faster, finish copy quicker, and not be as precious about it.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3020\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Other reporters commented that the experience of covering the pandemic and the wildfires made them better communicators, by learning how to apply a more efficient, targeted approach to disseminating important news. This approach also helped with their feature writing, strengthening the in-depth pieces that require a writer to tease out different themes, but ultimately need to “get to the point.” Some of the science reporters who worked on feature stories during this period felt that due to the need to get stories out more quickly than usual, at times their “voice” was \u003cem class=\"mk\">deprioritized.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3e23\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Covering the multitude of events during these twin ongoing disasters forced reporters to become more organized, made it more urgent to get on the right email lists, follow the right organizations, contact the key public information officers, and create more detailed spreadsheets of contacts and organizations. During the pandemic immunologists and virologists were in high demand as sources, which forced reporters to learn who were the best experts to speak with during different pandemic-related situations. \u003cem class=\"mk\">(‘OK, now I have a story and now I have to figure out who to talk to.’) \u003c/em>This experience also helped reporters better understand how to use social media as a tool for reporting and gathering information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"1317\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Most of the reporters we spoke with concurred that as a disaster comes more into focus, it’s important to have journalists on the same staff doing step-back pieces and not just disseminating day-to-day information. In other words, reporters need to be looking at the broader trends, such as why there are more forest fires now than in previous years, or what political and science-related decisions led to the spread of the pandemic. This kind of analysis helps the public “look over the next hill” and provides answers to some of a disaster’s potential longer term impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5eb8\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The experiences of the past year have tested journalists. In the process of covering wildfires and the pandemic, the KQED Science team experienced tremendous personal and professional stress. As disasters continue to accelerate, journalists will be forced to develop new ways to navigate them and to tolerate risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"18f8\" class=\"jl jm gm bb jn jo jp iv jq jr js ix jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg hi\">Next article\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"5e05\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ml iv iw hn mm ix iy iz mn ja jb jc mo jd je jf mp jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In our next article, we’ll look at how the growing “infodemic” of disaster news and commentary challenged reporters’ ability to verify and communicate fact from fiction. We’ll also look at how reporters addressed glaring equity and access issues caused by the wildfires and pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">[googleapps domain=\"drive\" dir=\"/file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview\" query=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b400ec86d7d6\">Medium\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644366860,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":true,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":2,"wordCount":1429},"headData":{"title":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: A New Definition of Risk | KQED","description":"This is the second of a multi-part series describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on, and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16298 https://ww2.kqed.org/about/?p=16298&preview=true&preview_id=16298","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/about/2021/09/17/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-2/","disqusTitle":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: A New Definition of Risk","source":"Rapid Response Research (RAPID)","WpOldSlug":"whats-keeping-women-from-watching-deep-look","nprByline":"Scott Burg, Rockman et al \u003cbr> Medium","subhead":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Disaster Reporting in the 21st Century","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/about/16298/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp id=\"0571\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk iv iw hn ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cstrong class=\"iu da\">This is the second of a \u003c/strong>\u003ca class=\"dy jk\" href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b4b1caca21a8\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong class=\"iu da\">multi-part series \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong class=\"iu da\">describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the KQED Science news team during a year of reporting on, and living through an unprecedented series of disasters.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"538b\" class=\"jl jm gm bb jn jo jp iv jq jr js ix jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg hi\">Risk and Responding to Challenges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"b033\" class=\"ki kj gm bb kk kl km kn ko kp kq jj bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"kr\">We know how to put on fireproof clothing. If we’re in a war zone we know to stay with the troops, but this is a different challenge and a lot of editors and a lot of journalists are still learning as they go. — KQED science news staff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"b0b3\" class=\"jl jm gm bb jn jo jp iv jq jr js ix jt ju ks jw jx jy kt ka kb kc ku ke kf kg hi\">A new type of risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure class=\"kw kx ky kz la ga fg lb bu lc ld le lf lg cf lh li lj lk ll lm paragraph-image\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"gb gc ap gd w ge\" role=\"button\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"fd fe kv\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"lr s ap ls\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"lt lu s\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"ep ln ef es eo ex w lo lp lq\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"ox tv ef es eo ex w c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https://miro.medium.com/max/625/1*9kvE4bMcHfRVXl51H56R2A.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"667\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp id=\"0aae\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In today’s disasters, risk has become systemic, directly affecting \u003cspan id=\"rmm\">c\u003c/span>ore functions designed to manage the environment, the economy, and health care. Risk is now so all-encompassing that it can no longer be the responsibility of any single health authority, disaster management agency or early warning center. As we’ve increasingly witnessed, especially in the past two years, climate change represents the new factor for risk in this millennium. Climate change affects disaster risks in two ways: through the increase and intensity in weather and climate hazards, and, through the increased vulnerability of communities to climate risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"943d\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">This new level of risk was particularly evident during the 2020 wildfire season, during which KQED’s science reporters received a kind of crash course in covering disasters under these conditions. In addition to the unprecedented increase in the number, scope and intensity of the fires, reporters had to simultaneously navigate and report on the pandemic. While covering these stories, reporters had to be cognizant of Covid health and safety measures, effectively limiting their access to firefighters and those directly impacted by the blazes. Because of these limitations, stories could not be as deep, or convey the impact of the fires on a more personal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5c49\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Experiences covering previous wildfires prepared reporters, in part, for covering the pandemic. During wildfire season science reporters had to gear up quickly to respond to rapidly changing circumstances, determine different arenas of coverage, and coordinate their coverage with KQED’s general news team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"be48\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">However, even for these seasoned reporters, the pandemic represented a level of risk, completely different than anything they’d ever experienced. Not only had the nature of the reporting itself changed, but in trying to address the story’s human side, many reporters were themselves in danger of contracting COVID-19, forcing news organizations like KQED to grapple with the catastrophe in many of the same ways as society in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"fd1c\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the rare times reporters were able to go into the field to do a story, they had to take extra precautions. One of KQED Science’s first field stories during the pandemic was filed by an LA-based reporter covering the issue of nursing home visitations. She describes her experience interviewing a woman unable to visit her mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9cc8\" class=\"ki kj gm bb kk kl km kn ko kp kq jj bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"kr\">I was interviewing this woman with an eight-foot boom between us and my arms were getting tired. She was looking everywhere and I was looking everywhere. I hadn’t been in the world in that way for quite some time. KQED was very much taking the perspective that we have to take care of people’s safety.\u003c/em> \u003cem class=\"kr\">While I generally agree with that, at the same time this woman didn’t wear a mask. She didn’t intentionally get too close to me, but it’s hard to maintain six feet apart if you’ve been on any socially distant walks with anybody. It’s arbitrary. People don’t remember six feet. I had a mask and a boom pole, but I hadn’t ever worn those things to work before. I was being more protective than I normally am in my own risk assessment in my old life. It was just a complicated layer of things to think about. — \u003c/em>KQED science news staff\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"7986\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk md iv iw hn me ix iy iz mf ja jb jc mg jd je jf mh jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During these catastrophes, KQED Science reporters, and the news team in general, displayed resiliency and a strong sense of purpose. Reporters were asking the same questions that their friends and family were, and they believed that the public saw the value in people who were experiencing a disaster also writing about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"2a12\" class=\"ki kj gm bb kk kl km kn ko kp kq jj bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>Going through something like this yourself raises one’s empathy for what others are going through. You have a greater understanding of the situation. It’s not abstract. — KQED science reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"dcb7\" class=\"jl jm gm bb jn jo jp iv jq jr js ix jt ju ks jw jx jy kt ka kb kc ku ke kf kg hi\">Responding to Change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure class=\"kw kx ky kz la ga fd fe paragraph-image\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"fd fe mi\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"lr s ap ls\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"mj lu s\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"ep ln ef es eo ex w lo lp lq\">\u003cimg class=\"ef es eo ex w lv lw af vg\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https://miro.medium.com/max/60/1*UCtXi42JwaEnRuffNukAug.jpeg?q=20\" alt=\"\" width=\"299\" height=\"168\" />\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"ox tv ef es eo ex w c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https://miro.medium.com/max/374/1*UCtXi42JwaEnRuffNukAug.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"299\" height=\"168\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp id=\"0941\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In the early stage of the pandemic, traditional workflows and reporting processes within KQED were dramatically upended. For the science news team, there was no “normal” to fall back on. Reporters were forced to work from home, reporting from the field was discouraged if not impossible, information sources were unreliable, and unpredictable angles kept shifting the arc of the story. Stress levels ran high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"4947\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Working from home presented challenges. Not having direct access to sources was problematic, especially as disaster conditions continued to change and evolve. The nature of building news sources and relationships also changed. Reporters noted that during disasters, it’s optimal to be on the ground, watching a given situation unfold in person, and to interview people who have been affected. The dynamic of an interview changes and becomes richer and more personal when you can speak with someone in their own space or community. This was not easy to do virtually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"d0dd\" class=\"ki kj gm bb kk kl km kn ko kp kq jj bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>There’s a reason why all the good city hall reporters hung out at City Hall. How do you develop a relationship with somebody you meet at a Board of Supervisors Meeting on Zoom? You can’t get to them in the chat. If somebody makes a passionate comment at a public meeting that’s virtual, you can’t go find them to ask, “Hey what’s your story? — KQED Science News staff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"0fd7\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk md iv iw hn me ix iy iz mf ja jb jc mg jd je jf mh jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Even though the frantic pace was stressful, science reporters commented that the intensity of the work, and the focus on a more traditional news, as opposed to science orientation helped them to become better news reporters. One reporter noted she was able to \u003cem class=\"mk\">“…work faster, finish copy quicker, and not be as precious about it.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3020\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Other reporters commented that the experience of covering the pandemic and the wildfires made them better communicators, by learning how to apply a more efficient, targeted approach to disseminating important news. This approach also helped with their feature writing, strengthening the in-depth pieces that require a writer to tease out different themes, but ultimately need to “get to the point.” Some of the science reporters who worked on feature stories during this period felt that due to the need to get stories out more quickly than usual, at times their “voice” was \u003cem class=\"mk\">deprioritized.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3e23\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Covering the multitude of events during these twin ongoing disasters forced reporters to become more organized, made it more urgent to get on the right email lists, follow the right organizations, contact the key public information officers, and create more detailed spreadsheets of contacts and organizations. During the pandemic immunologists and virologists were in high demand as sources, which forced reporters to learn who were the best experts to speak with during different pandemic-related situations. \u003cem class=\"mk\">(‘OK, now I have a story and now I have to figure out who to talk to.’) \u003c/em>This experience also helped reporters better understand how to use social media as a tool for reporting and gathering information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"1317\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Most of the reporters we spoke with concurred that as a disaster comes more into focus, it’s important to have journalists on the same staff doing step-back pieces and not just disseminating day-to-day information. In other words, reporters need to be looking at the broader trends, such as why there are more forest fires now than in previous years, or what political and science-related decisions led to the spread of the pandemic. This kind of analysis helps the public “look over the next hill” and provides answers to some of a disaster’s potential longer term impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"5eb8\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ly iv iw hn lz ix iy iz ma ja jb jc mb jd je jf mc jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The experiences of the past year have tested journalists. In the process of covering wildfires and the pandemic, the KQED Science team experienced tremendous personal and professional stress. As disasters continue to accelerate, journalists will be forced to develop new ways to navigate them and to tolerate risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"18f8\" class=\"jl jm gm bb jn jo jp iv jq jr js ix jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg hi\">Next article\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"5e05\" class=\"is it gm iu b hk ml iv iw hn mm ix iy iz mn ja jb jc mo jd je jf mp jg jh jj dn hi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In our next article, we’ll look at how the growing “infodemic” of disaster news and commentary challenged reporters’ ability to verify and communicate fact from fiction. We’ll also look at how reporters addressed glaring equity and access issues caused by the wildfires and pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview?embedded=true'\n title='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview'\n width='800'\n height='533'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b400ec86d7d6\">Medium\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/about/16298/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-2","authors":["byline_about_16298"],"programs":["about_583"],"categories":["about_62"],"tags":["about_667","about_679","about_678","about_580","about_686","about_681","about_676","about_626","about_680","about_682","about_496","about_720","about_712","about_653","about_672","about_666","about_687"],"featImg":"about_16299","label":"source_about_16298"},"about_16286":{"type":"posts","id":"about_16286","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"about","id":"16286","score":null,"sort":[1631912832000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"covering-climate-and-the-pandemic","title":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Disaster Reporting in the 21st Century","publishDate":1631912832,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Cracking the Code | About KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch3 id=\"e9fc\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">Disaster Reporting in the 21st Century\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem class=\"jl\">I think we’re in disasters more often than we used to be.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"00e6\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Traditional media have long played a key role in disaster information flows, generating public recognition and understanding of man-made and natural disasters. However, the unprecedented events of 2020 have changed the playbook for disaster reporting. The magnitude and scope of events in 2020 has marked a huge shift in the definition and understanding of disasters. In California, the COVID 19 pandemic combined with devastating record-breaking wildfires, created in effect a ‘disaster within a disaster.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"c0fe\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the past decade, \u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">KQ\u003cspan id=\"rmm\">E\u003c/span>D\u003c/a>, the San Francisco PBS and NPR station, has made substantive investments to improve its position as a \u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"https://medium.com/disrupting-public-media/about\" rel=\"noopener\">21st century media organization.\u003c/a> However, like other media outlets in California and elsewhere during 2020, KQED was faced with the enormous challenge of confronting a supercharged news cycle churning out stories quicker than ever before to satisfy consumers’ unprecedented demand for information during this monumental year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9418\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As the external evaluator for a 2020 National Science Foundation (NSF) funded \u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2028469&HistoricalAwards=false\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">grant\u003c/a> to KQED and Texas Tech University researching methods for developing effective COVID-19 media content for young adult audiences, I conducted a year long study with members of the \u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/staff\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">KQED Science news team\u003c/a> to explore changes in disaster reporting resulting from the extraordinary events of 2020–2021. In these uncertain times, it is critically important for media organizations, especially those focusing on science, to share knowledge on new practices for researching, reporting, vetting and disseminating accurate and timely information to the public. The goal for this project was to document the experiences and lessons of KQED’s disaster reporting that could lead to practices that could become models not just for science media, but for other informal science organizations across the country who help to inform and educate. The full 20 page Disaster Report can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/program/cracking-the-code\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"96d6\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cstrong class=\"kk da\">This is the first of a multi-part series describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the KQED science news team during a year of reporting on, and living through disasters unlike any other.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"7f1e\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">21st century disasters\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"eaa4\" class=\"jb jc fv bb jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>The world won’t come to an end, but the incidence of disasters will have a very big impact, and in ways we can’t predict.- Sir John Houghton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"b6b7\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl ld hp kn ko le ht kq kr lf kt ku kv lg kx ky kz lh lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Disasters not only are increasing in number, but they are qualitatively different in a way that academics have begun to speak of ‘modern disasters’ vs ‘disasters of the 21st century.’ A first general feature of disasters of the 21st century is that they have a more devastating impact on society, with more infrastructures destroyed and more people affected. 21st century disasters have become extremely complex events to manage. An important dimension of this complexity concerns the inconceivable and unknown aspects of these modern disasters. As we’ve seen over the past two years, the limits of impact of several disasters at once are more pervasive and longer term. More recently, the increasing number and intensity of 21st century disasters has led to the emergence of a more hazards-based model, which views disasters in terms of society and community vulnerability and the identification of resources that promote or hinder patterns of social resiliency (Cutter et al. 2003; Laska and Morrow 2006).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"1758\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">Covering science news in the 21st century\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure class=\"lj lk ll lm ln js fg lo bu lp lq lr ls lt cf lu lv lw lx ly lz paragraph-image\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"fd fe li\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"jx s ap jy\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"ma ka s\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp id=\"6894\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the 21st century we’ve witnessed the merging evolution of traditional and social media as information has moved into the digital era, affecting conventional journalistic practices and presenting new challenges for journalists. Today’s news cycles have become relentless and nonstop. Enthusiast and vertical media outlets clamor for more and fresh content. Over the past decade, breaking news has become an ever more important part of the 24-hour news culture. The concept of breaking news, however, has been somewhat degraded of late, in part because the term is so overused. By most measures breaking news items are less well informed and feature less independent reporting than conventional news items. The pandemic, and to some respect the wildfire, have redefined what it means to cover breaking news in science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"07f6\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Traditionally, a big part of science news coverage is following what’s happening on the ground, especially with issues dealing with the environment or ecology. As one news editor we spoke with noted, ‘S\u003cem class=\"mb\">cience news doesn’t break, it oozes.’ \u003c/em>Science coverage often centers around trending shifts in the environment, related regulatory issues, or long-term research studies. Generally science reporters have time to study and probe the underlying causes or issues impacting the evolution of a science news story. In 2020 this was not possible. For the KQED science team, it was particularly challenging being a science news reporter in an organization that also has a news department. Communicating science is different from reporting news, which is an uneasy match with science even in the best of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"cffc\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The speed and breadth of the wildfires and pandemic and their ever-shifting dimensions challenged existing notions of a single news story as a finished product of work. This transformation caused science reporters to think more long-term in order to find the ‘rhythm’ of a disaster. One reporter compared the disaster writing and investigative processes to the stages of grief.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"99ac\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">Coordinating a response\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"e399\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl mc hp kn ko md ht kq kr me kt ku kv mf kx ky kz mg lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Reporters told us that disaster reporting used to have more structure. A disaster would occur, followed by shock, assessment, recovery, and a hope for a return to some sense of normalcy. What KQED science reporters learned from climate, wildfire and pandemic coverage is that the concept of normalcy is now much more subjective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"6180\" class=\"jb jc fv bb jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"jl\">I’ve never covered a story with so much critical news coming so fast at us. It wasn’t just news you can use, it was news you \u003c/em>\u003cstrong class=\"ce\">\u003cem class=\"jl\">must\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem class=\"jl\"> use, as what was initially a science story became a public health story and finally became an everything story. — \u003c/em>KQED science news staff\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"e101\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl ld hp kn ko le ht kq kr lf kt ku kv lg kx ky kz lh lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Covering the twin disasters of 2020 required reporters to be more focused. There was a greater need to anticipate the coverage, multitask, and coordinate the seemingly infinite details of a story with other reporters and editors. One reporter we spoke with equated disaster reporting to working in air traffic control. During the most intense times of the pandemic when so much was unknown, many reporters felt their role was simply to differentiate between fact and fiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"37c0\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During disasters, time is critical. When disaster news is breaking hour to hour, minute to minute, reporters need to get information out to the public as quickly as possible. As was evident during the 2020 California wildfire season, the stakes can be very high. The public is dependent on time sensitive information to make decisions about their health and families. People want to know how a particular disaster affects them, what the risk is, and how to avoid it. Should they evacuate their homes? Where is it safe to congregate? Information needs to be accurate, but given the speed of fires and the relative uncertainty during these periods, reporters did not have a lot of time to get it done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"c3e6\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During disasters there is always a crisis phase. During the pandemic everything seemed to be a crisis. KQED science reporters were working 12 hour days just to stay on top of even the basic information that was coming out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"c050\" class=\"jb jc fv bb jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"jl\">You could go to the bathroom and come back and everything changed in just 15 minutes. There would be dramatic new public health orders, counties banding together, counties splitting apart, people dying at rates we’d never seen. We just couldn’t keep up, and we had to cover nine counties. There were individual health orders, along with a confusing array of rules and guidance. Everyone was doing press conferences, health officials, politicians, everyone. One health official would be on, then another health officer would have a competing press conference. I remember once it was like three press conferences at the same time. — KQED science news staff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"622e\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl ld hp kn ko le ht kq kr lf kt ku kv lg kx ky kz lh lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Disasters represent the increasingly fragile relationships between humans and the natural environment. Disasters have longer term, often unresolvable impacts that require coverage on a more existential level. Reporters commented that stories that help the public navigate the anxiety and confusion of a disaster and that counter misinformation are extremely helpful for audiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"606a\" class=\"jb jc fv bb jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"jl\">In these disasters, it’s our responsibility to aid people to understand what’s happening in the bigger picture. These kinds of stories don’t have to do with disaster reporting per se, but I think they are even more crucial than ever right now because we’re living through an existential crisis. — KQED science news staff.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3b84\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl ld hp kn ko le ht kq kr lf kt ku kv lg kx ky kz lh lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As the magnitude of these 21st century disasters continue to increase, science journalists acknowledge that they must take a greater role to help the public find different ways to cope, and to better understand the broader impact of these disasters on their lives, their communities and the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"801d\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">Next article\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"d1d2\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl mc hp kn ko md ht kq kr me kt ku kv mf kx ky kz mg lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In our next article we’ll look at how covering the twin disasters (wildfire and pandemic), and the constant element of risk, forced reporters to adapt their perspective, practice and outlook towards disaster reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">[googleapps domain=\"drive\" dir=\"/file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview\" query=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b4b1caca21a8\">Medium\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644315032,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":true,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":1,"wordCount":1531},"headData":{"title":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Disaster Reporting in the 21st Century | KQED","description":"Traditional media have long played a key role in disaster information flows, generating public recognition and understanding of man-made and natural disasters. However, the unprecedented events of 2020 have changed the playbook for disaster reporting.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16286 https://ww2.kqed.org/about/?p=16286&preview=true&preview_id=16286","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/about/2021/09/17/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic/","disqusTitle":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Disaster Reporting in the 21st Century","source":"Rapid Response Research (RAPID)","WpOldSlug":"whats-keeping-women-from-watching-deep-look","nprByline":"Scott Burg, Rockman et al \u003cbr> Medium","subhead":"Covering Climate and the Pandemic: Disaster Reporting in the 21st Century","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/about/16286/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch3 id=\"e9fc\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">Disaster Reporting in the 21st Century\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem class=\"jl\">I think we’re in disasters more often than we used to be.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"00e6\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Traditional media have long played a key role in disaster information flows, generating public recognition and understanding of man-made and natural disasters. However, the unprecedented events of 2020 have changed the playbook for disaster reporting. The magnitude and scope of events in 2020 has marked a huge shift in the definition and understanding of disasters. In California, the COVID 19 pandemic combined with devastating record-breaking wildfires, created in effect a ‘disaster within a disaster.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"c0fe\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the past decade, \u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">KQ\u003cspan id=\"rmm\">E\u003c/span>D\u003c/a>, the San Francisco PBS and NPR station, has made substantive investments to improve its position as a \u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"https://medium.com/disrupting-public-media/about\" rel=\"noopener\">21st century media organization.\u003c/a> However, like other media outlets in California and elsewhere during 2020, KQED was faced with the enormous challenge of confronting a supercharged news cycle churning out stories quicker than ever before to satisfy consumers’ unprecedented demand for information during this monumental year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"9418\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As the external evaluator for a 2020 National Science Foundation (NSF) funded \u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2028469&HistoricalAwards=false\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">grant\u003c/a> to KQED and Texas Tech University researching methods for developing effective COVID-19 media content for young adult audiences, I conducted a year long study with members of the \u003ca class=\"dy iz\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/staff\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">KQED Science news team\u003c/a> to explore changes in disaster reporting resulting from the extraordinary events of 2020–2021. In these uncertain times, it is critically important for media organizations, especially those focusing on science, to share knowledge on new practices for researching, reporting, vetting and disseminating accurate and timely information to the public. The goal for this project was to document the experiences and lessons of KQED’s disaster reporting that could lead to practices that could become models not just for science media, but for other informal science organizations across the country who help to inform and educate. The full 20 page Disaster Report can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/program/cracking-the-code\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"96d6\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cstrong class=\"kk da\">This is the first of a multi-part series describing experiences, lessons, and reflections of the KQED science news team during a year of reporting on, and living through disasters unlike any other.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"7f1e\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">21st century disasters\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"eaa4\" class=\"jb jc fv bb jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>The world won’t come to an end, but the incidence of disasters will have a very big impact, and in ways we can’t predict.- Sir John Houghton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"b6b7\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl ld hp kn ko le ht kq kr lf kt ku kv lg kx ky kz lh lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Disasters not only are increasing in number, but they are qualitatively different in a way that academics have begun to speak of ‘modern disasters’ vs ‘disasters of the 21st century.’ A first general feature of disasters of the 21st century is that they have a more devastating impact on society, with more infrastructures destroyed and more people affected. 21st century disasters have become extremely complex events to manage. An important dimension of this complexity concerns the inconceivable and unknown aspects of these modern disasters. As we’ve seen over the past two years, the limits of impact of several disasters at once are more pervasive and longer term. More recently, the increasing number and intensity of 21st century disasters has led to the emergence of a more hazards-based model, which views disasters in terms of society and community vulnerability and the identification of resources that promote or hinder patterns of social resiliency (Cutter et al. 2003; Laska and Morrow 2006).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"1758\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">Covering science news in the 21st century\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure class=\"lj lk ll lm ln js fg lo bu lp lq lr ls lt cf lu lv lw lx ly lz paragraph-image\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"fd fe li\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"jx s ap jy\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"ma ka s\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp id=\"6894\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During the 21st century we’ve witnessed the merging evolution of traditional and social media as information has moved into the digital era, affecting conventional journalistic practices and presenting new challenges for journalists. Today’s news cycles have become relentless and nonstop. Enthusiast and vertical media outlets clamor for more and fresh content. Over the past decade, breaking news has become an ever more important part of the 24-hour news culture. The concept of breaking news, however, has been somewhat degraded of late, in part because the term is so overused. By most measures breaking news items are less well informed and feature less independent reporting than conventional news items. The pandemic, and to some respect the wildfire, have redefined what it means to cover breaking news in science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"07f6\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Traditionally, a big part of science news coverage is following what’s happening on the ground, especially with issues dealing with the environment or ecology. As one news editor we spoke with noted, ‘S\u003cem class=\"mb\">cience news doesn’t break, it oozes.’ \u003c/em>Science coverage often centers around trending shifts in the environment, related regulatory issues, or long-term research studies. Generally science reporters have time to study and probe the underlying causes or issues impacting the evolution of a science news story. In 2020 this was not possible. For the KQED science team, it was particularly challenging being a science news reporter in an organization that also has a news department. Communicating science is different from reporting news, which is an uneasy match with science even in the best of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"cffc\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The speed and breadth of the wildfires and pandemic and their ever-shifting dimensions challenged existing notions of a single news story as a finished product of work. This transformation caused science reporters to think more long-term in order to find the ‘rhythm’ of a disaster. One reporter compared the disaster writing and investigative processes to the stages of grief.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"99ac\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">Coordinating a response\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"e399\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl mc hp kn ko md ht kq kr me kt ku kv mf kx ky kz mg lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Reporters told us that disaster reporting used to have more structure. A disaster would occur, followed by shock, assessment, recovery, and a hope for a return to some sense of normalcy. What KQED science reporters learned from climate, wildfire and pandemic coverage is that the concept of normalcy is now much more subjective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"6180\" class=\"jb jc fv bb jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"jl\">I’ve never covered a story with so much critical news coming so fast at us. It wasn’t just news you can use, it was news you \u003c/em>\u003cstrong class=\"ce\">\u003cem class=\"jl\">must\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem class=\"jl\"> use, as what was initially a science story became a public health story and finally became an everything story. — \u003c/em>KQED science news staff\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"e101\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl ld hp kn ko le ht kq kr lf kt ku kv lg kx ky kz lh lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Covering the twin disasters of 2020 required reporters to be more focused. There was a greater need to anticipate the coverage, multitask, and coordinate the seemingly infinite details of a story with other reporters and editors. One reporter we spoke with equated disaster reporting to working in air traffic control. During the most intense times of the pandemic when so much was unknown, many reporters felt their role was simply to differentiate between fact and fiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"37c0\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During disasters, time is critical. When disaster news is breaking hour to hour, minute to minute, reporters need to get information out to the public as quickly as possible. As was evident during the 2020 California wildfire season, the stakes can be very high. The public is dependent on time sensitive information to make decisions about their health and families. People want to know how a particular disaster affects them, what the risk is, and how to avoid it. Should they evacuate their homes? Where is it safe to congregate? Information needs to be accurate, but given the speed of fires and the relative uncertainty during these periods, reporters did not have a lot of time to get it done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"c3e6\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl km hp kn ko kp ht kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">During disasters there is always a crisis phase. During the pandemic everything seemed to be a crisis. KQED science reporters were working 12 hour days just to stay on top of even the basic information that was coming out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"c050\" class=\"jb jc fv bb jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"jl\">You could go to the bathroom and come back and everything changed in just 15 minutes. There would be dramatic new public health orders, counties banding together, counties splitting apart, people dying at rates we’d never seen. We just couldn’t keep up, and we had to cover nine counties. There were individual health orders, along with a confusing array of rules and guidance. Everyone was doing press conferences, health officials, politicians, everyone. One health official would be on, then another health officer would have a competing press conference. I remember once it was like three press conferences at the same time. — KQED science news staff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"622e\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl ld hp kn ko le ht kq kr lf kt ku kv lg kx ky kz lh lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Disasters represent the increasingly fragile relationships between humans and the natural environment. Disasters have longer term, often unresolvable impacts that require coverage on a more existential level. Reporters commented that stories that help the public navigate the anxiety and confusion of a disaster and that counter misinformation are extremely helpful for audiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"606a\" class=\"jb jc fv bb jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk bz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem class=\"jl\">In these disasters, it’s our responsibility to aid people to understand what’s happening in the bigger picture. These kinds of stories don’t have to do with disaster reporting per se, but I think they are even more crucial than ever right now because we’re living through an existential crisis. — KQED science news staff.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"3b84\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl ld hp kn ko le ht kq kr lf kt ku kv lg kx ky kz lh lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">As the magnitude of these 21st century disasters continue to increase, science journalists acknowledge that they must take a greater role to help the public find different ways to cope, and to better understand the broader impact of these disasters on their lives, their communities and the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"801d\" class=\"hk hl fv bb hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih gr\">Next article\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp id=\"d1d2\" class=\"ki kj fv kk b kl mc hp kn ko md ht kq kr me kt ku kv mf kx ky kz mg lb lc jk dn gr\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In our next article we’ll look at how covering the twin disasters (wildfire and pandemic), and the constant element of risk, forced reporters to adapt their perspective, practice and outlook towards disaster reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview?embedded=true'\n title='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview'\n width='800'\n height='533'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://scoprebu.medium.com/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic-b4b1caca21a8\">Medium\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/about/16286/covering-climate-and-the-pandemic","authors":["byline_about_16286"],"programs":["about_583"],"categories":["about_62"],"tags":["about_667","about_679","about_678","about_580","about_686","about_681","about_676","about_626","about_680","about_682","about_496","about_720","about_653","about_672","about_666","about_687"],"featImg":"about_16303","label":"source_about_16286"},"about_16182":{"type":"posts","id":"about_16182","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"about","id":"16182","score":null,"sort":[1630515806000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kqed-science-and-the-covid-19-pandemic-the-changing-nature-of-disaster-reporting","title":"KQED Science and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Changing Nature of Disaster Reporting","publishDate":1630515806,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Cracking the Code | About KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[googleapps domain=\"drive\" 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width=\"800\" height=\"533\" /]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644315110,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":true,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":1,"wordCount":14},"headData":{"title":"RAPID Process Evaluation Report | KQED","description":"Process Evaluation Report","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16200 https://ww2.kqed.org/about/?p=16200&preview=true&preview_id=16200","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/about/2021/09/01/rapid-process-evaluation/","disqusTitle":"RAPID Process Evaluation Report","source":"Rapid Response Research (RAPID)","WpOldSlug":"whats-keeping-women-from-watching-deep-look","nprByline":"Scott Burg, Rockman et al","subhead":"Process Evaluation Report","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/about/16200/rapid-process-evaluation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview?embedded=true'\n title='https://drive.google.com//file/d/12K8ln8zkKaTaU0VjtjX_D-F5EQMAGm8k/preview'\n width='800'\n height='533'\n 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made you think, “Hang on — where did they get that idea? Is it correct?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you wondered why you haven’t seen stories in the media about X, Y or Z, when those topics seem to be inescapable across social media feeds and in conversations with friends? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We, too, were curious about the understandings and misconceptions the public has about COVID-19 more than one year into the pandemic. We decided to find which perceptions and stories were making the rounds among individuals in three cities in different parts of the country and which have populations that differ politically and racially/ethnically from one another: Lubbock, Texas; New Brunswick, New Jersey; and San Francisco, California. We conducted online interviews with 27 individuals, nine from each location, to identify the local knowledge and stories being circulated in each community. And reader, there were plenty of stories. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In fact, personal experiences were the most common thing we heard during the interviews, and most of them took the form of narratives. It makes sense — literally: Stories are how we, as human beings, tend to make sense of the world around us. This might not sound like a novel discovery (and it isn’t), but it does bolster the evidence that stories are a good way to capture and hold attention and perhaps gain a little trust — necessary features when communicating about an ongoing global pandemic. We uncovered a few other key themes too: COVID-19 vaccinations, uncertainty and science communication in the media each got at least 85 mentions across the 27 interviews. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Overall, a basic knowledge of COVID-19 and the global pandemic were common among our participants, as one might expect, more than one year into it: 17 participants specifically referred to COVID-19 as a virus, 15 mentioned it is a respiratory illness, 14 that it is contagious/spreads easily, and 12 that it spreads via vapor. Many participants had more complete understandings, but others did not indicate knowledge much beyond these basic concepts.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here are some key findings :\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>People communicate using stories — a lot.\u003c/strong> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most prevalent theme in our sample — by a substantial margin — was personal experience, often in the form of narratives. A majority of participants (78%) collectively shared personal experiences 284 times. Among the most poignant narratives were those shared by Christine, who witnessed San Francisco’s HIV/AIDS epidemic in the ’80s; Esther (from New Brunswick), who empathized with non-English speakers who couldn’t effectively weather the English-language \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/health-topics/infodemic#tab=tab_1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">infodemic\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">; Emily (San Francisco) whose close friend was hospitalized with COVID-19; and San Francisco’s Francine, who married a man who’d had polio. “I’m not a scientist,” Francine hastened to explain during her interview, “but I can’t help but compare it to polio because I grew up with that scare and even though there were problems with polio [vaccines], people very much believed in getting vaccinations to eradicate it.” The unwillingness of some individuals to receive vaccines today struck her as a marked contrast to that time. “I believe in vaccines because I’ve seen how it can eradicate things. I think that younger people who didn’t grow up around polio and that kind of thing — they don’t appreciate that.” \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>COVID-19 vaccinations are a prevalent topic of conversation across the gamut — from celebration to concern.\u003c/strong> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Of all the precautions mentioned by participants (vaccinations, hand-washing, social distancing and wearing masks) none came up as frequently as vaccinations. The COVID-19 vaccines were mentioned by 81% of the participants a collective total of 88 times. This is hardly surprising, given the unprecedented feat of developing three federally approved vaccines in under a year, and the media’s saturated coverage of this achievement. Many participants readily shared they’d been vaccinated, and Iris (New Brunswick) was downright delighted to do so: “My husband and I, we are both older people, 75 and 76, and had the devil of a time getting vaccinated. We put ourselves down for every place that you could possibly sign up for. We had to travel, each of us to a different place. I’m very happy that we got vaccinated. I was looking forward to it.” \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This sentiment, however, was not shared by all our participants. Some shared concerns that the vaccines were unsafe — or at the very least suspect — for having been developed so quickly relative to previous vaccines (a view held by Helen — who still opted to receive one) that they have had no real effect on slowing viral spread (suggested by Lubbock’s Fred and Garai) and that vaccine makers will be adjusting the formulations to work out the kinks discovered via adverse reactions of the early adopters. “I think people who wait a little longer might be in a better place,” proposed New Brunswick’s Flo — who nonetheless reported receiving the “early” vaccine formulation herself.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Uncertainty and science communication likewise came up regularly.\u003c/strong> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uncertainty made up a broad coding category in that it was expressed by both the most and least informed participants. Despite the seemingly interminable nature of the pandemic, COVID-19 remains a \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">novel \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">coronavirus that is still the topic of a great deal of scientific study and discovery. Some participants, including New Brunswick’s Alice and Flo, expressed uncertainty about the utility of social distancing to reduce the spread of COVID-19, even though this has been staunchly supported by public health authorities since early on in the pandemic. On the other hand, some participants expressed uncertainty about a precaution that has long ago been deemed unnecessary: wiping down groceries and other inanimate surfaces. “I honestly don’t know enough,” said Esther, of New Brunswick. “Let’s say I touch a spoon or something, and it’s been four hours; is it really dangerous if I touch it by mistake and then touch my mouth?” It is not — but the fact that uncertainty remains highlights an information gap to be addressed in future communications. When it comes to science communication, it’s also a mixed bag: Participants expressed their thoughts on both areas for improvement and areas where it’s being done well (\u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The New York Times, The Atlantic, \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">and \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">BBC \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">got particularly positive shout-outs). Areas of uncertainty suggest a rich load of subject matter yet to be communicated (or, in some cases, communicated again) by medical science/public health media personnel. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Participants have suggestions for communicators.\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Esther, of New Brunswick, was curious about whether it was unnecessary to immediately shower upon returning home from outside; she suspected it was, but hadn’t been explicitly told so by the media. “Honestly, I would like to know verifying stuff” — what was unnecessary and what was important in terms of public health practices. She likewise recommended greater outreach to individuals who do not speak or read English and therefore are unable to engage with local newscasts and articles during a public health crisis. In a similar vein, San Francisco’s Christine suggested, “some simple media explainers” about the mRNA technology that went into creating the COVID-19 vaccinations “would go a long way.” She cited CNN as glossing over the difference between emergency use authorization and regular vaccine approvals. Irene, who is a science communicator by trade, concurred that simple media explainers could be effective; she suggests that a lack of basic understanding is part of what’s contributing to misinformation about mRNA technology in the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. People are “hearing these stories, like, ‘what’s mRNA to begin with?’” she said. “A lot of people are like, ‘Well, it must be like DNA.’ That’s one of the biggest misinformation stories — that it’s like gene therapy and it will change your DNA.” \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our participants primarily communicated in stories; some of their strongest aversions and admirations of the COVID-19 vaccines are in response to stories, and it is evident that trust can be lost — or gained — at the drop of a story. While our participant pool is far from large and representative enough to be generalizable, it seems evident that two key factors for effectively communicating science, at least for some, are using narratives (stories) and seeking familiar, trustworthy community members to carry the message. The message, meanwhile, ought to take the form of “simple media explainers” (as suggested by Christine) about those hot-topic issues: the role of uncertainty in the practice of science, COVID-19 vaccines, and the mRNA technology that made them possible. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the survey design and the full report, called “Conceptual Understandings of COVID-19” \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kbY9ItRSbrw5_lIY0FYzSuZUjrVGNT9T/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and below. To learn more about the \u003cem>Cracking the Code\u003c/em> project visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/crackingthecode\">kqed.org/crackingthecode\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googleapps domain=\"drive\" dir=\"file/d/1kb9IkgR46M-USaA-QwXqjHoNEzO_nTKZ/preview\" query=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-16044 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-800x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-800x169.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-1020x215.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-160x34.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-768x162.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714.png 1133w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1637358968,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":true,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":1470},"headData":{"title":"Conceptual Understandings of COVID-19: The Virus, the Myths, the Legends | KQED","description":"Specific reasons for why people believe what they believe are still a mystery, but it’s clear that false beliefs can be driven by the kind of overload of information that occurred during the coronavirus pandemic.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16105 https://ww2.kqed.org/about/?p=16105&preview=true&preview_id=16105","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/about/2021/08/20/germ-conceptual-knowledge/","disqusTitle":"Conceptual Understandings of COVID-19: The Virus, the Myths, the Legends","source":"Rapid Response Research (RAPID)","WpOldSlug":"whats-keeping-women-from-watching-deep-look","nprByline":"Natasha Strydhorst, Texas Tech University ","subhead":"Conceptual Understandings of COVID-19: The Virus, the Myths, the Legends","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/about/16105/germ-conceptual-knowledge","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you heard things about COVID-19 that made you think, “Hang on — where did they get that idea? Is it correct?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you wondered why you haven’t seen stories in the media about X, Y or Z, when those topics seem to be inescapable across social media feeds and in conversations with friends? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We, too, were curious about the understandings and misconceptions the public has about COVID-19 more than one year into the pandemic. We decided to find which perceptions and stories were making the rounds among individuals in three cities in different parts of the country and which have populations that differ politically and racially/ethnically from one another: Lubbock, Texas; New Brunswick, New Jersey; and San Francisco, California. We conducted online interviews with 27 individuals, nine from each location, to identify the local knowledge and stories being circulated in each community. And reader, there were plenty of stories. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In fact, personal experiences were the most common thing we heard during the interviews, and most of them took the form of narratives. It makes sense — literally: Stories are how we, as human beings, tend to make sense of the world around us. This might not sound like a novel discovery (and it isn’t), but it does bolster the evidence that stories are a good way to capture and hold attention and perhaps gain a little trust — necessary features when communicating about an ongoing global pandemic. We uncovered a few other key themes too: COVID-19 vaccinations, uncertainty and science communication in the media each got at least 85 mentions across the 27 interviews. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Overall, a basic knowledge of COVID-19 and the global pandemic were common among our participants, as one might expect, more than one year into it: 17 participants specifically referred to COVID-19 as a virus, 15 mentioned it is a respiratory illness, 14 that it is contagious/spreads easily, and 12 that it spreads via vapor. Many participants had more complete understandings, but others did not indicate knowledge much beyond these basic concepts.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here are some key findings :\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>People communicate using stories — a lot.\u003c/strong> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most prevalent theme in our sample — by a substantial margin — was personal experience, often in the form of narratives. A majority of participants (78%) collectively shared personal experiences 284 times. Among the most poignant narratives were those shared by Christine, who witnessed San Francisco’s HIV/AIDS epidemic in the ’80s; Esther (from New Brunswick), who empathized with non-English speakers who couldn’t effectively weather the English-language \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/health-topics/infodemic#tab=tab_1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">infodemic\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">; Emily (San Francisco) whose close friend was hospitalized with COVID-19; and San Francisco’s Francine, who married a man who’d had polio. “I’m not a scientist,” Francine hastened to explain during her interview, “but I can’t help but compare it to polio because I grew up with that scare and even though there were problems with polio [vaccines], people very much believed in getting vaccinations to eradicate it.” The unwillingness of some individuals to receive vaccines today struck her as a marked contrast to that time. “I believe in vaccines because I’ve seen how it can eradicate things. I think that younger people who didn’t grow up around polio and that kind of thing — they don’t appreciate that.” \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>COVID-19 vaccinations are a prevalent topic of conversation across the gamut — from celebration to concern.\u003c/strong> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Of all the precautions mentioned by participants (vaccinations, hand-washing, social distancing and wearing masks) none came up as frequently as vaccinations. The COVID-19 vaccines were mentioned by 81% of the participants a collective total of 88 times. This is hardly surprising, given the unprecedented feat of developing three federally approved vaccines in under a year, and the media’s saturated coverage of this achievement. Many participants readily shared they’d been vaccinated, and Iris (New Brunswick) was downright delighted to do so: “My husband and I, we are both older people, 75 and 76, and had the devil of a time getting vaccinated. We put ourselves down for every place that you could possibly sign up for. We had to travel, each of us to a different place. I’m very happy that we got vaccinated. I was looking forward to it.” \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This sentiment, however, was not shared by all our participants. Some shared concerns that the vaccines were unsafe — or at the very least suspect — for having been developed so quickly relative to previous vaccines (a view held by Helen — who still opted to receive one) that they have had no real effect on slowing viral spread (suggested by Lubbock’s Fred and Garai) and that vaccine makers will be adjusting the formulations to work out the kinks discovered via adverse reactions of the early adopters. “I think people who wait a little longer might be in a better place,” proposed New Brunswick’s Flo — who nonetheless reported receiving the “early” vaccine formulation herself.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Uncertainty and science communication likewise came up regularly.\u003c/strong> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uncertainty made up a broad coding category in that it was expressed by both the most and least informed participants. Despite the seemingly interminable nature of the pandemic, COVID-19 remains a \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">novel \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">coronavirus that is still the topic of a great deal of scientific study and discovery. Some participants, including New Brunswick’s Alice and Flo, expressed uncertainty about the utility of social distancing to reduce the spread of COVID-19, even though this has been staunchly supported by public health authorities since early on in the pandemic. On the other hand, some participants expressed uncertainty about a precaution that has long ago been deemed unnecessary: wiping down groceries and other inanimate surfaces. “I honestly don’t know enough,” said Esther, of New Brunswick. “Let’s say I touch a spoon or something, and it’s been four hours; is it really dangerous if I touch it by mistake and then touch my mouth?” It is not — but the fact that uncertainty remains highlights an information gap to be addressed in future communications. When it comes to science communication, it’s also a mixed bag: Participants expressed their thoughts on both areas for improvement and areas where it’s being done well (\u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The New York Times, The Atlantic, \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">and \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">BBC \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">got particularly positive shout-outs). Areas of uncertainty suggest a rich load of subject matter yet to be communicated (or, in some cases, communicated again) by medical science/public health media personnel. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Participants have suggestions for communicators.\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Esther, of New Brunswick, was curious about whether it was unnecessary to immediately shower upon returning home from outside; she suspected it was, but hadn’t been explicitly told so by the media. “Honestly, I would like to know verifying stuff” — what was unnecessary and what was important in terms of public health practices. She likewise recommended greater outreach to individuals who do not speak or read English and therefore are unable to engage with local newscasts and articles during a public health crisis. In a similar vein, San Francisco’s Christine suggested, “some simple media explainers” about the mRNA technology that went into creating the COVID-19 vaccinations “would go a long way.” She cited CNN as glossing over the difference between emergency use authorization and regular vaccine approvals. Irene, who is a science communicator by trade, concurred that simple media explainers could be effective; she suggests that a lack of basic understanding is part of what’s contributing to misinformation about mRNA technology in the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. People are “hearing these stories, like, ‘what’s mRNA to begin with?’” she said. “A lot of people are like, ‘Well, it must be like DNA.’ That’s one of the biggest misinformation stories — that it’s like gene therapy and it will change your DNA.” \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our participants primarily communicated in stories; some of their strongest aversions and admirations of the COVID-19 vaccines are in response to stories, and it is evident that trust can be lost — or gained — at the drop of a story. While our participant pool is far from large and representative enough to be generalizable, it seems evident that two key factors for effectively communicating science, at least for some, are using narratives (stories) and seeking familiar, trustworthy community members to carry the message. The message, meanwhile, ought to take the form of “simple media explainers” (as suggested by Christine) about those hot-topic issues: the role of uncertainty in the practice of science, COVID-19 vaccines, and the mRNA technology that made them possible. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the survey design and the full report, called “Conceptual Understandings of COVID-19” \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kbY9ItRSbrw5_lIY0FYzSuZUjrVGNT9T/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and below. To learn more about the \u003cem>Cracking the Code\u003c/em> project visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/crackingthecode\">kqed.org/crackingthecode\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kb9IkgR46M-USaA-QwXqjHoNEzO_nTKZ/preview?embedded=true'\n title='https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kb9IkgR46M-USaA-QwXqjHoNEzO_nTKZ/preview'\n width='640'\n height='480'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-16044 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-800x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-800x169.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-1020x215.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-160x34.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714-768x162.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/19/2021/07/kqed-nsf-ttu-only-logo-e1627668398714.png 1133w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" />\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/about/16105/germ-conceptual-knowledge","authors":["byline_about_16105"],"programs":["about_583"],"categories":["about_62"],"tags":["about_667","about_679","about_678","about_580","about_686","about_681","about_676","about_626","about_680","about_682","about_496","about_653","about_672","about_666","about_687"],"featImg":"about_16107","label":"source_about_16105"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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