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From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ben Burress | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ben-burress"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1969218":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1969218","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1969218","score":null,"sort":[1599681697000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-often-do-space-objects-hit-earth-a-primer","title":"How Often Do Space Objects Hit Earth? A Primer","publishDate":1599681697,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How Often Do Space Objects Hit Earth? A Primer | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The year 2020 is clearly out to make its mark in a big way: a global pandemic, massive wildfires across the Western United States, huge demonstrations for social justice around the globe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here’s another one: a record observed near-miss of Earth by a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/basics.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rock from space\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969152\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969152 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 48-inch Samuel Oschin telescope at Caltech’s Palomar Observatory, home of the Zwicky Transient Facility sky-scanning camera that captured the post-flyby image of asteroid 2020 QG on Aug. 15, 2020. \u003ccite>(Palomar Observatory/Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Aug. 15, at 9:08 p.m. PDT, the robotic sky-scanning survey telescope at the NSF/NASA-funded \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ztf.caltech.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zwicky Transient Facility\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at Palomar Observatory in California captured an image of a previously unknown asteroid, 10-20 feet in diameter, whizzing by Earth at a speed of 8 miles per second. The image was taken only six hours after the rock’s closest approach, 1,830 miles from Earth’s surface over the southern Indian Ocean, closer than any previously known near-Earth asteroid, or NEA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/ztf-finds-closest-known-asteroid-fly-earth\">student in India, examining images\u003c/a> captured by the ZTF telescope in California, first spotted and reported the object.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Too Close for Comfort, Too Small to Notice?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid, named \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2020 QG, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7728\">set a record\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the nearest miss of the Earth ever observed — just 1,830 miles or about a quarter of Earth’s diameter — yet it wasn’t spotted until after it passed!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969147\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969147 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-1020x730.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-768x550.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image of asteroid 2020 QG captured six hours after its 1,830-mile close approach to Earth on Aug. 15, 2020. The image was captured by the Zwicky Transient Facility camera on the 48-inch Samuel Oschin telescope at Caltech’s Palomar Observatory. \u003ccite>(Zwicky Transient Facility/Palomar Observatory/Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is normal for encounters with near-Earth asteroids of this size. Too small to be discovered until getting breathtakingly close to the Earth, these car-sized chunks of rock, often fragments from collisions between larger asteroids much farther away that took place long ago, lurk invisibly throughout the solar system. Estimates place their population in the hundreds of millions, though most of them pass no closer to Earth than the distance to the moon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asteroid 2020 QG may be small enough to sneak up on us unnoticed, but it would also do little damage, if any, if it did hit Earth. It would mostly burn up and disintegrate during its high-speed dash through our atmosphere, with possibly some small fragments reaching the ground. Since three-quarters of Earth’s surface is covered by ocean, such remnants often fall into water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://earthsky.org/space/meteor-asteroid-chelyabinsk-russia-feb-15-2013\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chelyabinsk meteor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that exploded and mostly disintegrated in the sky over Russia in 2013 was at least three times the size of 2020 QG. It caused a powerful shock wave that broke windows, tumbled brick walls, and injured almost 1,500 people. Luckily, there were no fatalities. Despite these effects, only a few small fragments survived to reach the ground.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969149\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969149 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic.jpg 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The smoke trail left behind by the Chelyabinsk meteor, which lit up the skies and produced a powerful shock wave when it exploded high in the atmosphere over Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013. The Chelyabinsk meteor was an approximately 66-foot wide object that struck Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of about 40,000 miles per hour, producing a 400-500 kiloton aerial blast that injured almost 1,500 people and caused structural damage to a number of buildings. \u003ccite>(Alex Alishevskikh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Chelyabinsk meteor, by the way, was not detected until it entered our atmosphere and announced itself in an aerial blast with an estimated explosive power between 400-500 kilotons. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Space Stuff Hitting Earth: How Concerned Should We Be?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It might surprise you to learn that space rocks and other debris fly close to and even \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">impact the Earth all the time\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every day about a 100 tons of space rock filters down to Earth’s surface, most of it in the form of dust grains that vaporize in the atmosphere and rain down as microscopic specks. You can see the larger particles flash through the night sky as meteors if you’re patient enough, but most of this space debris showers down on us unseen and unfelt.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Larger chunks of rock and metal that reach the ground before burning up completely are called meteorites, and are prized finds by collectors who can distinguish them from Earth rocks. Some meteorites can fetch \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://geology.com/meteorites/value-of-meteorites.shtml\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a good price\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the right buyer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u003c/a> say\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that about every 10,000 years, on average, an asteroid in the 100-meter (328 foot) class strikes the Earth, causing big problems in the region it hits: a huge impact blast and shock wave, or a tsunami, if the object hits the ocean. The famous “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://meteorcrater.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meteor Crater\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” in northern Arizona, east of Flagstaff, is a near mile-wide, 600-foot-deep impact hole. It was formed 50,000 years ago when an asteroid measuring about 160 feet across hit the ground. Though this asteroid would have wreaked havoc across the local Pleistocene landscape, there were likely no global effects from the blast.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969148\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969148 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Dur%C3%A1n-Ortiz-CC4.0int-800x216.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-800x216.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-1020x275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-160x43.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-768x207.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-1536x415.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-2048x553.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-1920x518.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The nearly mile-wide, 600-foot deep Meteor Crater near Winslow, Arizona. This impact crater was formed 50,000 years ago when a 160-foot nickel-iron meteorite collided with Earth. Originally called the “Canyon Diablo,” the feature is also referred to as Barringer Crater, after mining engineer Daniel Barringer who, in 1903, suggested it may have been formed by an iron meteorite. \u003ccite>(Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every few hundred thousand years a larger object, half a mile or more across, collides with the Earth. Objects of this size produce global complications, throwing dust and other debris into the atmosphere around the planet, which can block off sunlight, cause acid rain, and ignite firestorms with the heat of reentering debris. These larger collisions also cause devastating shock waves and tsunamis. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The global effects of these major impacts have caused mass extinctions of plant and animal species. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/dinosaur-extinction/\">Take it from the \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dinosaurs, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the poster-children of global collision catastrophe, who \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/kring/Chicxulub/regional-effects/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">were wiped out by the impact\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and aftermath of a six-mile-or-more wide object that struck the northern tip of the Yucatan Peninsula about 65 million years ago, forming the Chicxulub impact crater, now mostly buried under sediment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s to Be Done?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With all that space rock flying around out there, are we doing anything to protect us from it?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In short, yes. Since at least 1994, NASA has worked to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/nasas-search-for-asteroids-to-help-protect-earth-and-understand-our-history/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">discover and characterize asteroids and comets\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that have the potential to collide with Earth and inflict significant damage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2005 the U.S. Congress handed NASA the goal of finding 90% of all potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroids, ones larger than 460 feet across, by the end of 2020. NASA’s NEO (Near-Earth Object) Observations Program is still working toward this target, using evolving technologies. Fortunately, asteroids of this size are much easier to detect than small ones like 2020 QG, and they can be discovered and tracked years before coming close to Earth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This gives us time to predict future collisions, and possibly do something to prevent them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the ground, advance warning of the location and magnitude of a projected impact by an incoming asteroid could help us prepare, by evacuating the threatened region, for instance. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists are also thinking how we might \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://b612foundation.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">alter the course of a threatening asteroid\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, turning a predicted collision into a near-miss scenario. With enough advance notice of a likely major impact — and we’re talking years — even a relatively small “nudge” to an asteroid’s trajectory could ultimately make the difference between hit and miss here on Earth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969226\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969226 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation-768x493.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation.jpg 950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The conceptual “Gravity Tractor” is a massage robotic spacecraft that would fly near an Earth-endangering asteroid to gradually “tug” it onto a safe course using low-powered engine thrust and mutual gravitational attraction. \u003ccite>(Dan Durda/FIAAA/B612 Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This may sound like something out of science fiction, but one concept being explored is the “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/asteroid-grand-challenge/mitigate/gravity-tractor\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">gravity tractor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” a massive robotic spacecraft placed near an asteroid, which gives it a small but constant pull via its gravitational attraction. Flying \u003c/span>alongside \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">an asteroid, the spacecraft would use low-powered engine thrust to gradually “tug” the rock with mutual gravitational attraction, slowly steering the asteroid away from its Earth-bound path — kind of like a tiny tugboat guiding a huge ship onto a safe course. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sleep Well Tonight\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Small asteroids like 2020 QG will continue to buzz and even hit the Earth multiple times each year. They will also often fly by or disintegrate in our atmosphere unnoticed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But, NASA’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ongoing observation of near-Earth objects\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a powerful tool for predicting when an asteroid or comet might impact the Earth. The good news is that no major impacts are foreseen anytime soon. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming up in November: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/22/us/asteroid-earth-november-2020-scn-trnd/index.html\">Election Day Near-Earth Asteroid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Asteroid 2020 QG became the closest observed near-miss of Earth by a space rock on August 15: 1,830 miles!","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847055,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1534},"headData":{"title":"How Often Do Space Objects Hit Earth? A Primer | KQED","description":"Asteroid 2020 QG became the closest observed near-miss of Earth by a space rock on August 15: 1,830 miles!","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Often Do Space Objects Hit Earth? A Primer","datePublished":"2020-09-09T20:01:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:37:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1969218/how-often-do-space-objects-hit-earth-a-primer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The year 2020 is clearly out to make its mark in a big way: a global pandemic, massive wildfires across the Western United States, huge demonstrations for social justice around the globe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here’s another one: a record observed near-miss of Earth by a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/basics.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rock from space\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969152\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969152 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/SamuelOschinTelescope-48inch-PalomarObservatory-Caltech.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 48-inch Samuel Oschin telescope at Caltech’s Palomar Observatory, home of the Zwicky Transient Facility sky-scanning camera that captured the post-flyby image of asteroid 2020 QG on Aug. 15, 2020. \u003ccite>(Palomar Observatory/Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Aug. 15, at 9:08 p.m. PDT, the robotic sky-scanning survey telescope at the NSF/NASA-funded \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ztf.caltech.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zwicky Transient Facility\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at Palomar Observatory in California captured an image of a previously unknown asteroid, 10-20 feet in diameter, whizzing by Earth at a speed of 8 miles per second. The image was taken only six hours after the rock’s closest approach, 1,830 miles from Earth’s surface over the southern Indian Ocean, closer than any previously known near-Earth asteroid, or NEA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/ztf-finds-closest-known-asteroid-fly-earth\">student in India, examining images\u003c/a> captured by the ZTF telescope in California, first spotted and reported the object.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Too Close for Comfort, Too Small to Notice?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid, named \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2020 QG, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7728\">set a record\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the nearest miss of the Earth ever observed — just 1,830 miles or about a quarter of Earth’s diameter — yet it wasn’t spotted until after it passed!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969147\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969147 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-1020x730.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories-768x550.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/800px-PIA24038-Asteroid2020QG-20200816-ZTF-Caltech-Optical-Observatories.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image of asteroid 2020 QG captured six hours after its 1,830-mile close approach to Earth on Aug. 15, 2020. The image was captured by the Zwicky Transient Facility camera on the 48-inch Samuel Oschin telescope at Caltech’s Palomar Observatory. \u003ccite>(Zwicky Transient Facility/Palomar Observatory/Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is normal for encounters with near-Earth asteroids of this size. Too small to be discovered until getting breathtakingly close to the Earth, these car-sized chunks of rock, often fragments from collisions between larger asteroids much farther away that took place long ago, lurk invisibly throughout the solar system. Estimates place their population in the hundreds of millions, though most of them pass no closer to Earth than the distance to the moon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asteroid 2020 QG may be small enough to sneak up on us unnoticed, but it would also do little damage, if any, if it did hit Earth. It would mostly burn up and disintegrate during its high-speed dash through our atmosphere, with possibly some small fragments reaching the ground. Since three-quarters of Earth’s surface is covered by ocean, such remnants often fall into water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://earthsky.org/space/meteor-asteroid-chelyabinsk-russia-feb-15-2013\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chelyabinsk meteor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that exploded and mostly disintegrated in the sky over Russia in 2013 was at least three times the size of 2020 QG. It caused a powerful shock wave that broke windows, tumbled brick walls, and injured almost 1,500 people. Luckily, there were no fatalities. Despite these effects, only a few small fragments survived to reach the ground.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969149\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969149 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Chelyabinsk-meteor-trail-from-120miles-Alex-Alishevskikh-CC2.0generic.jpg 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The smoke trail left behind by the Chelyabinsk meteor, which lit up the skies and produced a powerful shock wave when it exploded high in the atmosphere over Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013. The Chelyabinsk meteor was an approximately 66-foot wide object that struck Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of about 40,000 miles per hour, producing a 400-500 kiloton aerial blast that injured almost 1,500 people and caused structural damage to a number of buildings. \u003ccite>(Alex Alishevskikh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Chelyabinsk meteor, by the way, was not detected until it entered our atmosphere and announced itself in an aerial blast with an estimated explosive power between 400-500 kilotons. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Space Stuff Hitting Earth: How Concerned Should We Be?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It might surprise you to learn that space rocks and other debris fly close to and even \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">impact the Earth all the time\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every day about a 100 tons of space rock filters down to Earth’s surface, most of it in the form of dust grains that vaporize in the atmosphere and rain down as microscopic specks. You can see the larger particles flash through the night sky as meteors if you’re patient enough, but most of this space debris showers down on us unseen and unfelt.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Larger chunks of rock and metal that reach the ground before burning up completely are called meteorites, and are prized finds by collectors who can distinguish them from Earth rocks. Some meteorites can fetch \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://geology.com/meteorites/value-of-meteorites.shtml\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a good price\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the right buyer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u003c/a> say\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that about every 10,000 years, on average, an asteroid in the 100-meter (328 foot) class strikes the Earth, causing big problems in the region it hits: a huge impact blast and shock wave, or a tsunami, if the object hits the ocean. The famous “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://meteorcrater.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meteor Crater\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” in northern Arizona, east of Flagstaff, is a near mile-wide, 600-foot-deep impact hole. It was formed 50,000 years ago when an asteroid measuring about 160 feet across hit the ground. Though this asteroid would have wreaked havoc across the local Pleistocene landscape, there were likely no global effects from the blast.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969148\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969148 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Dur%C3%A1n-Ortiz-CC4.0int-800x216.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-800x216.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-1020x275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-160x43.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-768x207.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-1536x415.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-2048x553.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/Arizona_Meteor_Crater_09_2017_5859-Mario-Roberto-Durán-Ortiz-CC4.0int-1920x518.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The nearly mile-wide, 600-foot deep Meteor Crater near Winslow, Arizona. This impact crater was formed 50,000 years ago when a 160-foot nickel-iron meteorite collided with Earth. Originally called the “Canyon Diablo,” the feature is also referred to as Barringer Crater, after mining engineer Daniel Barringer who, in 1903, suggested it may have been formed by an iron meteorite. \u003ccite>(Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every few hundred thousand years a larger object, half a mile or more across, collides with the Earth. Objects of this size produce global complications, throwing dust and other debris into the atmosphere around the planet, which can block off sunlight, cause acid rain, and ignite firestorms with the heat of reentering debris. These larger collisions also cause devastating shock waves and tsunamis. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The global effects of these major impacts have caused mass extinctions of plant and animal species. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/dinosaur-extinction/\">Take it from the \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dinosaurs, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the poster-children of global collision catastrophe, who \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/kring/Chicxulub/regional-effects/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">were wiped out by the impact\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and aftermath of a six-mile-or-more wide object that struck the northern tip of the Yucatan Peninsula about 65 million years ago, forming the Chicxulub impact crater, now mostly buried under sediment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s to Be Done?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With all that space rock flying around out there, are we doing anything to protect us from it?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In short, yes. Since at least 1994, NASA has worked to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/nasas-search-for-asteroids-to-help-protect-earth-and-understand-our-history/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">discover and characterize asteroids and comets\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that have the potential to collide with Earth and inflict significant damage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2005 the U.S. Congress handed NASA the goal of finding 90% of all potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroids, ones larger than 460 feet across, by the end of 2020. NASA’s NEO (Near-Earth Object) Observations Program is still working toward this target, using evolving technologies. Fortunately, asteroids of this size are much easier to detect than small ones like 2020 QG, and they can be discovered and tracked years before coming close to Earth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This gives us time to predict future collisions, and possibly do something to prevent them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the ground, advance warning of the location and magnitude of a projected impact by an incoming asteroid could help us prepare, by evacuating the threatened region, for instance. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists are also thinking how we might \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://b612foundation.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">alter the course of a threatening asteroid\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, turning a predicted collision into a near-miss scenario. With enough advance notice of a likely major impact — and we’re talking years — even a relatively small “nudge” to an asteroid’s trajectory could ultimately make the difference between hit and miss here on Earth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969226\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969226 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation-768x493.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/gravtug_durdaDan-Durda-FIAAA-B612-Foundation.jpg 950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The conceptual “Gravity Tractor” is a massage robotic spacecraft that would fly near an Earth-endangering asteroid to gradually “tug” it onto a safe course using low-powered engine thrust and mutual gravitational attraction. \u003ccite>(Dan Durda/FIAAA/B612 Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This may sound like something out of science fiction, but one concept being explored is the “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/asteroid-grand-challenge/mitigate/gravity-tractor\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">gravity tractor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” a massive robotic spacecraft placed near an asteroid, which gives it a small but constant pull via its gravitational attraction. Flying \u003c/span>alongside \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">an asteroid, the spacecraft would use low-powered engine thrust to gradually “tug” the rock with mutual gravitational attraction, slowly steering the asteroid away from its Earth-bound path — kind of like a tiny tugboat guiding a huge ship onto a safe course. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sleep Well Tonight\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Small asteroids like 2020 QG will continue to buzz and even hit the Earth multiple times each year. They will also often fly by or disintegrate in our atmosphere unnoticed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But, NASA’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ongoing observation of near-Earth objects\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a powerful tool for predicting when an asteroid or comet might impact the Earth. The good news is that no major impacts are foreseen anytime soon. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming up in November: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/22/us/asteroid-earth-november-2020-scn-trnd/index.html\">Election Day Near-Earth Asteroid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1969218/how-often-do-space-objects-hit-earth-a-primer","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_144","science_147","science_146"],"featImg":"science_1969150","label":"source_science_1969218"},"science_1746474":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1746474","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1746474","score":null,"sort":[1498228227000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"newly-found-asteroids-and-meteoroids-could-pose-collision-threat-nasa","title":"Newly-Found Asteroids and Meteoroids Could Pose Collision Threat: NASA","publishDate":1498228227,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Newly-Found Asteroids and Meteoroids Could Pose Collision Threat: NASA | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>After a three-year mission hunting for near-Earth asteroids and comets, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://neowise.ipac.caltech.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NEOWISE\u003c/a> program has delivered a fresh batch of discoveries. In the past year alone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6864\">NEOWISE has detected\u003c/a> 97 previously unknown solar system objects, 28 of which are Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) that come close to or cross Earth’s orbit, and can pose a potential collision threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past three years, NEOWISE has revealed the characteristics of 693 Near-Earth Objects, 114 of which are new discoveries. In the past year alone, it discovered ten \u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.html\">potentially hazardous objects\u003c/a>. An object is classified as ‘potentially hazardous’ if its minimum distance from Earth is 4,647,790 miles — or less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/neowise/\">NEOWISE \u003c/a>is a reinvention of \u003ca href=\"http://wise.ssl.berkeley.edu/\">NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) \u003c/a>mission, which was launched back in December 2009. WISE’s goal was to map the entire sky with its 16-inch telescope looking for sources of infrared light, which it accomplished in six months of observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1746746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1746746\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-800x402.jpg\" alt=\"An all-sky map produced by NASA's WISE spacecraft over six months of observation, dominated by the glow of the Milky Way galaxy. Four infrared wavelengths are represented. Cyan indicates the emissions mostly by stars and distant galaxies, while green and red represent emissions mostly by dust. \" width=\"800\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-800x402.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-768x386.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-1020x513.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-1920x966.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-1180x594.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-960x483.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-240x121.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-375x189.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-520x262.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An all-sky map produced by NASA’s WISE spacecraft over six months of observation, dominated by the glow of the Milky Way galaxy. Four infrared wavelengths are represented. Cyan indicates the emissions mostly by stars and distant galaxies, while green and red represent emissions mostly by dust. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With extreme sensitivity to infrared radiation at four different wavelengths, WISE detected faint celestial heat sources across the cosmos — such as galaxies billions of light years away, objects within the Milky Way such as black holes, forming star systems and cool brown dwarf stars, and asteroids and comets within our solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just within our solar system WISE observed about 154,000 objects, including 33,500 new asteroid and comet discoveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Being NEO-wise\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2010, WISE’s primary mission ended. Then, in September 2013, NASA reactivated the spacecraft and re-purposed it to begin a new mission, focused on the hunt for asteroids and comets, with particular interest in Near-Earth Objects that could be potentially hazardous to us. The NEOWISE mission was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1754415\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1754415\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Cross section of Near Earth Object discoveries by NEOWISE, as of September 2014. The blue circles represent the orbits of Mercury, Venus, and Mars, the cyan circle is Earth's orbit. Green dots represent NEOs that come within 1.3 astronomical units (the Earth-Sun distance) of Earth. Yellow squares are comets. White and gray dots are all other asteroid detections. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cross section of Near Earth Object discoveries by NEOWISE, as of September 2014. The blue circles represent the orbits of Mercury, Venus, and Mars, the cyan circle is Earth’s orbit. Green dots represent NEOs that come within 1.3 astronomical units (the Earth-Sun distance) of Earth. Yellow squares are comets. White and gray dots are all other asteroid detections. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/PSI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing about a threat is the first step in avoiding it. In the case of Near-Earth Objects and potentially hazardous asteroids, which occasionally collide with the Earth to cause local or global mayhem, the more we know, the better our chances of predicting a future impact with enough warning to do \u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/pd/\">something to prevent it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1746585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1746585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Radar images of Asteroid 2015 TB145 during a close flyby of Earth in October 2015. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Radar images of Asteroid 2015 TB145 during a close flyby of Earth in October 2015. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSSR/NRAO/AUI/NSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, due to the group efforts of NEOWISE and professional and amateur astronomers around the world, as of June 2017 we know of the existence of 16,294 Near Earth Objects of all categories (meteoroids, asteroids, and comets that come close to or cross Earth’s orbit). Of these, 1,806 are classified as “potentially hazardous”—that is, have the potential to come close to the Earth, and are large enough to cause significant damage should they impact us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If these numbers cause you concern, there are some other numbers you can check out for a little reassurance that the sky is probably not falling anytime soon. The \u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/\">Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS)\u003c/a> at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory posts on their Sentry site an automatically calculated list of the most significant risks of impact by potentially hazardous objects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can dig into the numbers if you have the time or statistical inclination, but perhaps the biggest takeaway from those probabilities is that we are exposed to numerous Earthly risks every day–traffic accidents, disease, slipping in the shower — that rate much higher danger than any threats from these NEOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday, June 30th is International Asteroid Day, a day of awareness of the risk of asteroid impacts, and for support of efforts to devise a defense against them.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA recently detected 97 previously unknown solar system objects, 28 of which are Near-Earth Objects that come close enough to Earth's orbit to pose a potential collision threat. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928608,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":724},"headData":{"title":"Newly-Found Asteroids and Meteoroids Could Pose Collision Threat: NASA | KQED","description":"NASA recently detected 97 previously unknown solar system objects, 28 of which are Near-Earth Objects that come close enough to Earth's orbit to pose a potential collision threat. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Newly-Found Asteroids and Meteoroids Could Pose Collision Threat: NASA","datePublished":"2017-06-23T14:30:27.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:16:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1746474/newly-found-asteroids-and-meteoroids-could-pose-collision-threat-nasa","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a three-year mission hunting for near-Earth asteroids and comets, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://neowise.ipac.caltech.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NEOWISE\u003c/a> program has delivered a fresh batch of discoveries. In the past year alone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6864\">NEOWISE has detected\u003c/a> 97 previously unknown solar system objects, 28 of which are Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) that come close to or cross Earth’s orbit, and can pose a potential collision threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past three years, NEOWISE has revealed the characteristics of 693 Near-Earth Objects, 114 of which are new discoveries. In the past year alone, it discovered ten \u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.html\">potentially hazardous objects\u003c/a>. An object is classified as ‘potentially hazardous’ if its minimum distance from Earth is 4,647,790 miles — or less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/neowise/\">NEOWISE \u003c/a>is a reinvention of \u003ca href=\"http://wise.ssl.berkeley.edu/\">NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) \u003c/a>mission, which was launched back in December 2009. WISE’s goal was to map the entire sky with its 16-inch telescope looking for sources of infrared light, which it accomplished in six months of observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1746746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1746746\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-800x402.jpg\" alt=\"An all-sky map produced by NASA's WISE spacecraft over six months of observation, dominated by the glow of the Milky Way galaxy. Four infrared wavelengths are represented. Cyan indicates the emissions mostly by stars and distant galaxies, while green and red represent emissions mostly by dust. \" width=\"800\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-800x402.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-768x386.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-1020x513.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-1920x966.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-1180x594.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-960x483.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-240x121.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-375x189.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA15481-520x262.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An all-sky map produced by NASA’s WISE spacecraft over six months of observation, dominated by the glow of the Milky Way galaxy. Four infrared wavelengths are represented. Cyan indicates the emissions mostly by stars and distant galaxies, while green and red represent emissions mostly by dust. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With extreme sensitivity to infrared radiation at four different wavelengths, WISE detected faint celestial heat sources across the cosmos — such as galaxies billions of light years away, objects within the Milky Way such as black holes, forming star systems and cool brown dwarf stars, and asteroids and comets within our solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just within our solar system WISE observed about 154,000 objects, including 33,500 new asteroid and comet discoveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Being NEO-wise\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2010, WISE’s primary mission ended. Then, in September 2013, NASA reactivated the spacecraft and re-purposed it to begin a new mission, focused on the hunt for asteroids and comets, with particular interest in Near-Earth Objects that could be potentially hazardous to us. The NEOWISE mission was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1754415\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1754415\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Cross section of Near Earth Object discoveries by NEOWISE, as of September 2014. The blue circles represent the orbits of Mercury, Venus, and Mars, the cyan circle is Earth's orbit. Green dots represent NEOs that come within 1.3 astronomical units (the Earth-Sun distance) of Earth. Yellow squares are comets. White and gray dots are all other asteroid detections. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA21653_hires.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cross section of Near Earth Object discoveries by NEOWISE, as of September 2014. The blue circles represent the orbits of Mercury, Venus, and Mars, the cyan circle is Earth’s orbit. Green dots represent NEOs that come within 1.3 astronomical units (the Earth-Sun distance) of Earth. Yellow squares are comets. White and gray dots are all other asteroid detections. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/PSI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing about a threat is the first step in avoiding it. In the case of Near-Earth Objects and potentially hazardous asteroids, which occasionally collide with the Earth to cause local or global mayhem, the more we know, the better our chances of predicting a future impact with enough warning to do \u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/pd/\">something to prevent it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1746585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1746585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Radar images of Asteroid 2015 TB145 during a close flyby of Earth in October 2015. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/PIA20043-16_Asteroid-2015_-TB145_NASAJPL-Caltech-GSSR-NRAO-AUI-NSF.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Radar images of Asteroid 2015 TB145 during a close flyby of Earth in October 2015. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSSR/NRAO/AUI/NSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, due to the group efforts of NEOWISE and professional and amateur astronomers around the world, as of June 2017 we know of the existence of 16,294 Near Earth Objects of all categories (meteoroids, asteroids, and comets that come close to or cross Earth’s orbit). Of these, 1,806 are classified as “potentially hazardous”—that is, have the potential to come close to the Earth, and are large enough to cause significant damage should they impact us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If these numbers cause you concern, there are some other numbers you can check out for a little reassurance that the sky is probably not falling anytime soon. The \u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/\">Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS)\u003c/a> at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory posts on their Sentry site an automatically calculated list of the most significant risks of impact by potentially hazardous objects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can dig into the numbers if you have the time or statistical inclination, but perhaps the biggest takeaway from those probabilities is that we are exposed to numerous Earthly risks every day–traffic accidents, disease, slipping in the shower — that rate much higher danger than any threats from these NEOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday, June 30th is International Asteroid Day, a day of awareness of the risk of asteroid impacts, and for support of efforts to devise a defense against them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1746474/newly-found-asteroids-and-meteoroids-could-pose-collision-threat-nasa","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_144","science_3370","science_5175","science_147","science_146"],"featImg":"science_1746582","label":"science"},"science_1550232":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1550232","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1550232","score":null,"sort":[1492182018000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"giant-asteroid-will-fly-by-earth-next-week","title":"Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week","publishDate":1492182018,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>On April 19, a 2,000-foot-wide asteroid named \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6807\">2014 JO25 will pass\u003c/a> within 1.1 million miles of Earth. That’s about four and a half times the distance between the Earth and the moon. It’s a comfortable distance for a big space rock to fly by our planet—but like a black cat crossing our path, it may make many of us uneasy. Large objects have collided with the Earth in the past, and will again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of 2014 JO25 isn’t just a reminder that we should keep our eyes open when it comes to “Near Earth Objects.” It is an opportunity for observers—institutional and amateur alike—to study it up close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA will be pinging it with radar and scanning it with telescopes to learn as much as possible, and even enthusiasts with small telescopes will have an opportunity to spot a faint dot moving swiftly through the constellation Coma Berenices, high in the southern sky. The asteroid will become visible to small telescopes on April 19, and should remain so for a day or two afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550346\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-520x292.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16.jpg 1007w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The asteroid was discovered in May 2014 by researchers from the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, part of \u003ca href=\"https://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Near-Earth Object (NEO) Observations Program\u003c/a>, which seeks to find and track big rocks that come close to Earth’s orbital path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements made by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/neowise/main/index.html\">NASA’s WISE spacecraft\u003c/a> have gleaned more details about the rock, such as its size and the fact that its surface is twice as reflective as the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asteroid 2014 JO25 is not only a Near-Earth Object, but is classified as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Dangerous.html\">potentially hazardous asteroid\u003c/a> because it can cross Earth’s orbit, making a collision possible. Because it’s over a third of a mile across, the rock spells disaster for any region it hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no need to panic. Though the April 19 flyby will bring asteroid 2014 JO25 closer to Earth than it’s been in 400 years, it won’t be this close again for 500 years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1550238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg\" alt=\"The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within 4 lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang'e 2 in 2012. \" width=\"324\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg 324w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-240x228.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within four lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang’e 2 in 2012. \u003ccite>(CNSA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But close encounters with space rocks happen more often than you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth orbits the sun amidst a host of Near Earth Objects, many of which cross our orbit and are potential hazards. Since the beginning of this year, 13 asteroids are known to have passed inside of our moon’s orbit, less than 240,000 miles from Earth—though none of these have been larger than 100 feet across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next predicted passage of a large asteroid will be in 2027, when the half-mile-sized asteroid 1999 AN10 will make its closest flyby at 236,000 miles—roughly the distance from Earth to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens If an Asteroid Hits Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to speculate about what a major asteroid collision would do. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4380\">Asteroids and comets have struck the Earth\u003c/a>, in the distant past and \u003ca href=\"http://www.geert.io/the-frequency-of-large-meteoroids.html\">in recent times\u003c/a>. If you’ve visited the 50,000-year-old “Meteor Crater” near Winslow, Arizona, you’ve seen with your own eyes the impact scar a 160-foot asteroid can inflict: a crater three-quarters of a mile across and 600 feet deep!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-800x533.jpg\" alt='\"Meteor Crater\" (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. ' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Meteor Crater” (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. \u003ccite>(Kevin Walsh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On average, an asteroid larger than 300 feet across strikes the Earth every 10,000 years. An impact of this size will devastate a local region, and can produce tsunamis that would wipe out coastal areas farther away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1908, a comet or asteroid estimated between 200 and 620 feet across \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/30jun_tunguska\">exploded in the atmosphere over Siberia\u003c/a>, near the Stony Tunguska River. The aerial explosion flattened 770 square miles of forest (an area the size of Alameda County) and produced shock waves that were detected by seismographs in England. It was fortunate that the Tunguska event occurred in a sparsely populated area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550350\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-768x483.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1920x1208.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1180x742.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-960x604.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-240x151.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-375x236.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \u003ccite>(Evgeny Leonidovich Krinov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, in 2013 a 60-foot object \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svzB0QYNIWI\">exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia\u003c/a>, producing a burst of light as bright as the sun and an atmospheric shock wave that leveled some buildings and broke windows over a wide area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every several hundred thousand years a bigger object, half a mile across or larger, collides with the Earth, causing devastation of global proportions. Material is blasted into the atmosphere around the planet, choking off sunlight, producing acid rains, and even sparking firestorms by the intense heat of material reentering the atmosphere. Several ancient impact craters—also called “astroblemes”, or “star wounds”—attest to these past collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid implicated in the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was six miles across. The “astrobleme” it left behind is a hundred miles wide, though barely discernible today under forest and sea-floor sediments spanning the northern Yucatan Peninsula coastline. Impacts of this size happen on average every hundred million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555916\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png\" alt=\"The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across--the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-160x138.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-768x660.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-240x206.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-375x322.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-520x447.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater.png 857w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across–the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, for the first time in the history of our planet, our ability to detect asteroids and predict future impact probabilities makes it possible for us to do something to prevent a disaster. Through efforts like NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations Program, scientists have identified and plotted the orbital trajectories of all NEOs of “planet-killer” size—and the good news is that none of these are projected to hit us into the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the smaller asteroids, which are far more numerous and much more difficult to detect, observers acquire more information every time one appears and whizzes by our planet—sometimes with only hours of warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re learning more about them all the time.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On April 19, an asteroid as big as six football fields, named 2014 JO25 will pass 'near' Earth.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928855,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1109},"headData":{"title":"Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week | KQED","description":"On April 19, an asteroid as big as six football fields, named 2014 JO25 will pass 'near' Earth.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week","datePublished":"2017-04-14T15:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:20:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1550232/giant-asteroid-will-fly-by-earth-next-week","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On April 19, a 2,000-foot-wide asteroid named \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6807\">2014 JO25 will pass\u003c/a> within 1.1 million miles of Earth. That’s about four and a half times the distance between the Earth and the moon. It’s a comfortable distance for a big space rock to fly by our planet—but like a black cat crossing our path, it may make many of us uneasy. Large objects have collided with the Earth in the past, and will again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of 2014 JO25 isn’t just a reminder that we should keep our eyes open when it comes to “Near Earth Objects.” It is an opportunity for observers—institutional and amateur alike—to study it up close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA will be pinging it with radar and scanning it with telescopes to learn as much as possible, and even enthusiasts with small telescopes will have an opportunity to spot a faint dot moving swiftly through the constellation Coma Berenices, high in the southern sky. The asteroid will become visible to small telescopes on April 19, and should remain so for a day or two afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550346\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-520x292.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16.jpg 1007w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The asteroid was discovered in May 2014 by researchers from the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, part of \u003ca href=\"https://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Near-Earth Object (NEO) Observations Program\u003c/a>, which seeks to find and track big rocks that come close to Earth’s orbital path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements made by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/neowise/main/index.html\">NASA’s WISE spacecraft\u003c/a> have gleaned more details about the rock, such as its size and the fact that its surface is twice as reflective as the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asteroid 2014 JO25 is not only a Near-Earth Object, but is classified as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Dangerous.html\">potentially hazardous asteroid\u003c/a> because it can cross Earth’s orbit, making a collision possible. Because it’s over a third of a mile across, the rock spells disaster for any region it hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no need to panic. Though the April 19 flyby will bring asteroid 2014 JO25 closer to Earth than it’s been in 400 years, it won’t be this close again for 500 years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1550238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg\" alt=\"The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within 4 lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang'e 2 in 2012. \" width=\"324\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg 324w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-240x228.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within four lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang’e 2 in 2012. \u003ccite>(CNSA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But close encounters with space rocks happen more often than you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth orbits the sun amidst a host of Near Earth Objects, many of which cross our orbit and are potential hazards. Since the beginning of this year, 13 asteroids are known to have passed inside of our moon’s orbit, less than 240,000 miles from Earth—though none of these have been larger than 100 feet across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next predicted passage of a large asteroid will be in 2027, when the half-mile-sized asteroid 1999 AN10 will make its closest flyby at 236,000 miles—roughly the distance from Earth to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens If an Asteroid Hits Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to speculate about what a major asteroid collision would do. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4380\">Asteroids and comets have struck the Earth\u003c/a>, in the distant past and \u003ca href=\"http://www.geert.io/the-frequency-of-large-meteoroids.html\">in recent times\u003c/a>. If you’ve visited the 50,000-year-old “Meteor Crater” near Winslow, Arizona, you’ve seen with your own eyes the impact scar a 160-foot asteroid can inflict: a crater three-quarters of a mile across and 600 feet deep!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-800x533.jpg\" alt='\"Meteor Crater\" (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. ' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Meteor Crater” (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. \u003ccite>(Kevin Walsh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On average, an asteroid larger than 300 feet across strikes the Earth every 10,000 years. An impact of this size will devastate a local region, and can produce tsunamis that would wipe out coastal areas farther away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1908, a comet or asteroid estimated between 200 and 620 feet across \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/30jun_tunguska\">exploded in the atmosphere over Siberia\u003c/a>, near the Stony Tunguska River. The aerial explosion flattened 770 square miles of forest (an area the size of Alameda County) and produced shock waves that were detected by seismographs in England. It was fortunate that the Tunguska event occurred in a sparsely populated area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550350\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-768x483.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1920x1208.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1180x742.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-960x604.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-240x151.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-375x236.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \u003ccite>(Evgeny Leonidovich Krinov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, in 2013 a 60-foot object \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svzB0QYNIWI\">exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia\u003c/a>, producing a burst of light as bright as the sun and an atmospheric shock wave that leveled some buildings and broke windows over a wide area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every several hundred thousand years a bigger object, half a mile across or larger, collides with the Earth, causing devastation of global proportions. Material is blasted into the atmosphere around the planet, choking off sunlight, producing acid rains, and even sparking firestorms by the intense heat of material reentering the atmosphere. Several ancient impact craters—also called “astroblemes”, or “star wounds”—attest to these past collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid implicated in the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was six miles across. The “astrobleme” it left behind is a hundred miles wide, though barely discernible today under forest and sea-floor sediments spanning the northern Yucatan Peninsula coastline. Impacts of this size happen on average every hundred million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555916\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png\" alt=\"The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across--the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-160x138.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-768x660.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-240x206.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-375x322.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-520x447.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater.png 857w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across–the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, for the first time in the history of our planet, our ability to detect asteroids and predict future impact probabilities makes it possible for us to do something to prevent a disaster. Through efforts like NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations Program, scientists have identified and plotted the orbital trajectories of all NEOs of “planet-killer” size—and the good news is that none of these are projected to hit us into the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the smaller asteroids, which are far more numerous and much more difficult to detect, observers acquire more information every time one appears and whizzes by our planet—sometimes with only hours of warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re learning more about them all the time.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1550232/giant-asteroid-will-fly-by-earth-next-week","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_144","science_5175","science_147","science_146"],"featImg":"science_1550353","label":"science"},"science_534944":{"type":"posts","id":"science_534944","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"534944","score":null,"sort":[1455894030000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asteroid-flyby-a-little-too-close-for-comfort","title":"Asteroid Flyby a Little Too Close for Comfort","publishDate":1455894030,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Asteroid Flyby a Little Too Close for Comfort | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Two years ago, asteroid 2013 TX68 flew by the Earth at a distance of 1.3 million miles—about five times the distance between the Earth and the Moon. Sometime between March 5 to March 8, this asteroid will give an encore performance, in case any \u003ca href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Near Earth Object\u003c/a> (NEO) fans missed it the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First and foremost, remember what is printed in big, friendly letters on the cover of “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy”: Don’t Panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Smaller asteroids strike the Earth more often than you might think, though usually in less populated areas.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://astronomynow.com/2016/01/12/nasa-office-to-coordinate-asteroid-detection-and-hazard-mitigation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Center for NEO Studies\u003c/a> (CNEOS) has determined that there is a zero-percent chance that 2013 TX68 will hit the Earth—on this pass at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mathematical certainty of a miss aside, the exact distance of closest approach is somewhat murkier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4888\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">This asteroid\u003c/a> is \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4888\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">predicted to fly by\u003c/a> at roughly 3 million miles from Earth. Thankfully, it’s not going to hit us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why the \u003ca href=\"http://earthsky.org/space/asteroid-2013-tx68-uncertain-trajectory-closest-earth-mar-5-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uncertainty\u003c/a> about the exact distance? In a nutshell, we don’t know enough about this asteroid’s orbit around the sun to pin it down with any more precision. From the moment it was first detected to when it faded and became undetectable, observers had only ten days to track it—too little time to gain a clear understanding of its orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longer we can observe and track a NEO, the better we understand its orbit and therefore the probability of a future collision with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_535024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-535024\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/asteroid20160202-16.jpg\" alt=\"The range of possible distances of closest approach of asteroid 2013 TX68 on March 5, 2016\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/asteroid20160202-16.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/asteroid20160202-16-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/asteroid20160202-16-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The range of possible distances of closest approach of asteroid 2013 TX68 on March 5, 2016 \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There is a very small chance—1-in-250 million—that this asteroid could hit us on September 30, 2071. But you have a better chance of winning the Super Lotto jackpot than being crushed by this asteroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if 2013 TX68 were to hit the Earth, it wouldn’t wipe us out. It could easily spoil someone’s day, make no mistake: this asteroid is about 100 feet in diameter, almost twice the size of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/11/131106-russian-meteor-chelyabinsk-airburst-500-kilotons/\">the object that exploded\u003c/a> in the atmosphere above Chelyabinsk, Russia, three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chelyabinsk air-burst produced a shockwave that damaged buildings and shattered windows across a wide area, and, had it struck the ground intact, would have left a significant crater. 2013 TX68 would release about twice the energy as the Chelyabinsk event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_534947\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-534947\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145.jpg\" alt='Radar image of the \"Halloween Asteroid\"--a large Near Earth Object that passed relatively close on October 31, 2015' width=\"331\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145.jpg 1041w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Radar image of the “Halloween Asteroid”–a large Near Earth Object that passed relatively close on October 31, 2015 \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>2013 TX68 is a good reminder that Earth shares its space with millions of rocks—potentially hazardous asteroids ranging in size from a few feet to hundreds of feet across, or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know of about 14,000 NEOs, including practically all of the big ones. The big ones are easier to detect at greater distances, and we have a lot more orbital tracking data on them and understand their orbits best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the smaller the rock, the harder it is to see, and it is estimated that there may be over a million NEOs that have not yet been discovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smallest NEOs that we’re concerned about aren’t detectable until they’re almost upon us. In fact, on average, between 25 and 30 NEOs pass closer to Earth than the Moon’s orbit each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presently, there isn’t a lot we could do to avoid an impact, especially with little or no warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smaller asteroids strike the Earth more often than you might think, though usually in less populated areas. Remember, 75 percent of Earth’s surface is ocean, and some regions on Earth are uninhabited. Think of a dartboard, where the bull’s-eye represents the Earth’s highest populated areas, and the dart has no particular aim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_534946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-534946\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full.jpg\" alt=\"Census of Near Earth Asteroids, both known and estimated.\" width=\"3280\" height=\"2460\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full.jpg 3280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3280px) 100vw, 3280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Census of Near Earth Asteroids, both known and estimated. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are ideas about how to protect us from large asteroid impacts. One is to send a massive robotic spacecraft to an asteroid we know will likely hit the Earth, and use the gravitational attraction between the two to “nudge” the asteroid into a safer orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s sort of like a small tugboat nudging a large ocean cargo ship to avoid striking a bridge pier, something the tug is capable of doing given enough lead time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This plan requires precise knowledge of an asteroid’s orbit and the ability to predict an impact years in advance, which is one good reason to learn as much about NEOs now as possible!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Two years ago, the asteroid 2013 TX68 flew by the Earth at a distance of 1.3 million miles—about five time farther away than the Moon. On March 5, this asteroid will give an encore performance, in case any fans of Near Earth Objects (NEOs) missed it the first time….","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930610,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":802},"headData":{"title":"Asteroid Flyby a Little Too Close for Comfort | KQED","description":"Two years ago, the asteroid 2013 TX68 flew by the Earth at a distance of 1.3 million miles—about five time farther away than the Moon. On March 5, this asteroid will give an encore performance, in case any fans of Near Earth Objects (NEOs) missed it the first time….","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Asteroid Flyby a Little Too Close for Comfort","datePublished":"2016-02-19T15:00:30.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:50:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/534944/asteroid-flyby-a-little-too-close-for-comfort","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two years ago, asteroid 2013 TX68 flew by the Earth at a distance of 1.3 million miles—about five times the distance between the Earth and the Moon. Sometime between March 5 to March 8, this asteroid will give an encore performance, in case any \u003ca href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Near Earth Object\u003c/a> (NEO) fans missed it the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First and foremost, remember what is printed in big, friendly letters on the cover of “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy”: Don’t Panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Smaller asteroids strike the Earth more often than you might think, though usually in less populated areas.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://astronomynow.com/2016/01/12/nasa-office-to-coordinate-asteroid-detection-and-hazard-mitigation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Center for NEO Studies\u003c/a> (CNEOS) has determined that there is a zero-percent chance that 2013 TX68 will hit the Earth—on this pass at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mathematical certainty of a miss aside, the exact distance of closest approach is somewhat murkier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4888\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">This asteroid\u003c/a> is \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4888\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">predicted to fly by\u003c/a> at roughly 3 million miles from Earth. Thankfully, it’s not going to hit us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why the \u003ca href=\"http://earthsky.org/space/asteroid-2013-tx68-uncertain-trajectory-closest-earth-mar-5-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uncertainty\u003c/a> about the exact distance? In a nutshell, we don’t know enough about this asteroid’s orbit around the sun to pin it down with any more precision. From the moment it was first detected to when it faded and became undetectable, observers had only ten days to track it—too little time to gain a clear understanding of its orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longer we can observe and track a NEO, the better we understand its orbit and therefore the probability of a future collision with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_535024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-535024\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/asteroid20160202-16.jpg\" alt=\"The range of possible distances of closest approach of asteroid 2013 TX68 on March 5, 2016\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/asteroid20160202-16.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/asteroid20160202-16-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/asteroid20160202-16-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The range of possible distances of closest approach of asteroid 2013 TX68 on March 5, 2016 \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There is a very small chance—1-in-250 million—that this asteroid could hit us on September 30, 2071. But you have a better chance of winning the Super Lotto jackpot than being crushed by this asteroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if 2013 TX68 were to hit the Earth, it wouldn’t wipe us out. It could easily spoil someone’s day, make no mistake: this asteroid is about 100 feet in diameter, almost twice the size of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/11/131106-russian-meteor-chelyabinsk-airburst-500-kilotons/\">the object that exploded\u003c/a> in the atmosphere above Chelyabinsk, Russia, three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chelyabinsk air-burst produced a shockwave that damaged buildings and shattered windows across a wide area, and, had it struck the ground intact, would have left a significant crater. 2013 TX68 would release about twice the energy as the Chelyabinsk event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_534947\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-534947\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145.jpg\" alt='Radar image of the \"Halloween Asteroid\"--a large Near Earth Object that passed relatively close on October 31, 2015' width=\"331\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145.jpg 1041w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/skull2015-TB145-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Radar image of the “Halloween Asteroid”–a large Near Earth Object that passed relatively close on October 31, 2015 \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>2013 TX68 is a good reminder that Earth shares its space with millions of rocks—potentially hazardous asteroids ranging in size from a few feet to hundreds of feet across, or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know of about 14,000 NEOs, including practically all of the big ones. The big ones are easier to detect at greater distances, and we have a lot more orbital tracking data on them and understand their orbits best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the smaller the rock, the harder it is to see, and it is estimated that there may be over a million NEOs that have not yet been discovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smallest NEOs that we’re concerned about aren’t detectable until they’re almost upon us. In fact, on average, between 25 and 30 NEOs pass closer to Earth than the Moon’s orbit each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presently, there isn’t a lot we could do to avoid an impact, especially with little or no warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smaller asteroids strike the Earth more often than you might think, though usually in less populated areas. Remember, 75 percent of Earth’s surface is ocean, and some regions on Earth are uninhabited. Think of a dartboard, where the bull’s-eye represents the Earth’s highest populated areas, and the dart has no particular aim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_534946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-534946\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full.jpg\" alt=\"Census of Near Earth Asteroids, both known and estimated.\" width=\"3280\" height=\"2460\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full.jpg 3280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/592668main_pia14734-43_full-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3280px) 100vw, 3280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Census of Near Earth Asteroids, both known and estimated. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are ideas about how to protect us from large asteroid impacts. One is to send a massive robotic spacecraft to an asteroid we know will likely hit the Earth, and use the gravitational attraction between the two to “nudge” the asteroid into a safer orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s sort of like a small tugboat nudging a large ocean cargo ship to avoid striking a bridge pier, something the tug is capable of doing given enough lead time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This plan requires precise knowledge of an asteroid’s orbit and the ability to predict an impact years in advance, which is one good reason to learn as much about NEOs now as possible!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/534944/asteroid-flyby-a-little-too-close-for-comfort","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_144","science_147","science_146"],"featImg":"science_536862","label":"science"},"science_402079":{"type":"posts","id":"science_402079","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"402079","score":null,"sort":[1449842453000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"who-will-become-nasas-next-solar-system-discovery-idol","title":"Who Will Become NASA’s Next Solar System ‘Discovery Idol’?","publishDate":1449842453,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Who Will Become NASA’s Next Solar System ‘Discovery Idol’? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>In what may not be unlike a space-geek’s version of American Idol, NASA has judged five proposals for interplanetary missions worthy of moving onto a final round of competition for selection under its Discover program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it is likely that only one contender will win the prize of being fully funded, each represents exciting potential for exploration, including probing the atmosphere and surface of Venus, exploring distant and ancient asteroids, and searching for objects that sometimes come perilously close to the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s Discovery program is designed to produce quick-paced and relatively inexpensive missions to explore important questions about our solar system, without the encumbrance involved in time-consuming and expensive “flagship” missions like Curiosity or Cassini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An example of a highly successful Discovery mission is \u003ca href=\"http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Dawn\u003c/a>, which only last March became the first spacecraft to encounter a dwarf planet when it arrived at Ceres, following a year-long exploration of the protoplanet Vesta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the five missions being considered–four of which are led by women–two are focused on Earth’s near neighbor and size-twin, Venus, and three on various aspects of small solar system bodies: asteroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 1: DAVINCI\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/122719/the-next-generation-of-exploration-the-davinci-spacecraft/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deep Atmospheric Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging\u003c/a> (DAVINCI—yes, NASA really works hard to make its acronyms say something!) would make a gradual, hour-long descent through Venus’ thick atmosphere, studying its composition and other properties along the way. DAVINCI would also attempt to confirm recent exciting evidence that there may be active volcanoes on Venus today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 2: VERITAS\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402166\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402166\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-400x257.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of proposed VERITAS mission spacecraft.\" width=\"400\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-400x257.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-960x616.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of proposed VERITAS mission spacecraft. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another Venus exploration proposal, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dlr.de/pf/Portaldata/6/Resources/lcpm/abstracts/Abstract2_Freeman_A.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy\u003c/a> (VERITAS) would make high-resolution image maps of Venus’ surface. So far, we have only seen Venus’ surface through relatively low-resolution radar maps, such as those made by the Magellan spacecraft decades ago, and the few close-up images taken by Soviet landers even earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much attention has been given to Mars in recent years that Venus seems to have become an afterthought in near-solar-system exploration–but that does not mean Venus is less interesting. Venus’ extremely inhospitable atmospheric pressure and temperature present greater challenges to exploration than Mars, but that is merely a hurdle to technological innovation, and not a barrier to curiosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Active volcanoes on Venus? Awesome. There are even thoughts that once, long ago, Venus may have possessed oceans, a possibility that examination of its present-day atmosphere could reveal to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The balance of the Discovery mission contestants focus on much more accessible solar system objects: asteroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 3: Lucy\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402170\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt-400x445.jpg\" alt=\"Jupiter's Trojan asteroids congregate in the L4 and L5 "Lagrangian Points" that lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit.\" width=\"400\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt-400x445.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt.jpg 539w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids congregate in the L4 and L5 “Lagrangian Points” that lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.astrowatch.net/2015/10/nasas-proposed-lucy-mission-to-study.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lucy mission\u003c/a> would send the first-ever spacecraft to explore a distant and special group of space rocks: Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids. Trojan asteroids accumulate in two gravitationally stable “pockets” called “Lagrangian” points, which lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit around the sun. Jupiter’s Trojans number over 6,000, and are believed to have been captured in Jupiter’s L4 and L5 Lagrangian points early in the formation of the solar system. Lucy would be the most distant asteroid encounter mission to date, since the targets of past asteroid missions reside within the Main Asteroid Belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 4: Psyche\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402171\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche-400x203.jpg\" alt=\"The Psyche mission would explore the large metallic asteroid of the same name--an object whose interior may have been exposed by a collision with another asteroid. \" width=\"400\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche-400x203.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche.jpg 575w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Psyche mission would explore the large metallic asteroid of the same name–an object whose interior may have been exposed by a collision with another asteroid. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/122764/mission-to-the-metal-world-the-psyche-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Psyche mission\u003c/a> would send a spacecraft to explore the asteroid Psyche, one of the largest objects in the Main Asteroid Belt. Psyche is the remnant of a protoplanet whose outer layers were blasted away by a collision with another body. Psyche might offer a visiting spacecraft an unobstructed view of parts of the asteroid that originally formed deep within it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 5: NEOCam\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402172\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/neocam.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-402172\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/neocam.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the Near-Earth Object hunting infrared telescope and wide-field camera, NEOCam. \" width=\"320\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the Near-Earth Object hunting infrared telescope and wide-field camera, NEOCam. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final Discovery candidate under consideration is \u003ca href=\"http://neocam.ipac.caltech.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEOCam\u003c/a>, which would focus on detecting and tracking asteroids—and potentially comets—that pass close to Earth’s orbit. NEOCam would be stationed closer to the sun than Earth, near Venus’ orbit, and sweep its infrared gaze around Earth’s entire orbital path. We already know of about 10,000 Near Earth Objects (NEOs), including almost all of the larger ones. But the smaller the NEO, the more easily it evades detection. NEOCam is expected to detect 100,000 or more as yet unknown NEOs, vastly improving our ability to predict possible future collisions with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>So who will become NASA’s next Solar System Discovery Idol? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who would get your vote? Do Venusian volcanoes strike your fancy, or are you more concerned with space rocks that could punch a hole in Earth’s surface? Or maybe ancient asteroids that tell a story of the early formation of the solar system is what plays on your fascination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voting lines are now open! (If only….)\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Under its Discovery program, NASA considers five proposals for new interplanetary space missions. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930946,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":893},"headData":{"title":"Who Will Become NASA’s Next Solar System ‘Discovery Idol’? | KQED","description":"Under its Discovery program, NASA considers five proposals for new interplanetary space missions. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Who Will Become NASA’s Next Solar System ‘Discovery Idol’?","datePublished":"2015-12-11T14:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:55:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/402079/who-will-become-nasas-next-solar-system-discovery-idol","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In what may not be unlike a space-geek’s version of American Idol, NASA has judged five proposals for interplanetary missions worthy of moving onto a final round of competition for selection under its Discover program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it is likely that only one contender will win the prize of being fully funded, each represents exciting potential for exploration, including probing the atmosphere and surface of Venus, exploring distant and ancient asteroids, and searching for objects that sometimes come perilously close to the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s Discovery program is designed to produce quick-paced and relatively inexpensive missions to explore important questions about our solar system, without the encumbrance involved in time-consuming and expensive “flagship” missions like Curiosity or Cassini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An example of a highly successful Discovery mission is \u003ca href=\"http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Dawn\u003c/a>, which only last March became the first spacecraft to encounter a dwarf planet when it arrived at Ceres, following a year-long exploration of the protoplanet Vesta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the five missions being considered–four of which are led by women–two are focused on Earth’s near neighbor and size-twin, Venus, and three on various aspects of small solar system bodies: asteroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 1: DAVINCI\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/122719/the-next-generation-of-exploration-the-davinci-spacecraft/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deep Atmospheric Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging\u003c/a> (DAVINCI—yes, NASA really works hard to make its acronyms say something!) would make a gradual, hour-long descent through Venus’ thick atmosphere, studying its composition and other properties along the way. DAVINCI would also attempt to confirm recent exciting evidence that there may be active volcanoes on Venus today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 2: VERITAS\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402166\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402166\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-400x257.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of proposed VERITAS mission spacecraft.\" width=\"400\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-400x257.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-960x616.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of proposed VERITAS mission spacecraft. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another Venus exploration proposal, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dlr.de/pf/Portaldata/6/Resources/lcpm/abstracts/Abstract2_Freeman_A.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy\u003c/a> (VERITAS) would make high-resolution image maps of Venus’ surface. So far, we have only seen Venus’ surface through relatively low-resolution radar maps, such as those made by the Magellan spacecraft decades ago, and the few close-up images taken by Soviet landers even earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much attention has been given to Mars in recent years that Venus seems to have become an afterthought in near-solar-system exploration–but that does not mean Venus is less interesting. Venus’ extremely inhospitable atmospheric pressure and temperature present greater challenges to exploration than Mars, but that is merely a hurdle to technological innovation, and not a barrier to curiosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Active volcanoes on Venus? Awesome. There are even thoughts that once, long ago, Venus may have possessed oceans, a possibility that examination of its present-day atmosphere could reveal to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The balance of the Discovery mission contestants focus on much more accessible solar system objects: asteroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 3: Lucy\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402170\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt-400x445.jpg\" alt=\"Jupiter's Trojan asteroids congregate in the L4 and L5 "Lagrangian Points" that lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit.\" width=\"400\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt-400x445.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt.jpg 539w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids congregate in the L4 and L5 “Lagrangian Points” that lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.astrowatch.net/2015/10/nasas-proposed-lucy-mission-to-study.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lucy mission\u003c/a> would send the first-ever spacecraft to explore a distant and special group of space rocks: Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids. Trojan asteroids accumulate in two gravitationally stable “pockets” called “Lagrangian” points, which lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit around the sun. Jupiter’s Trojans number over 6,000, and are believed to have been captured in Jupiter’s L4 and L5 Lagrangian points early in the formation of the solar system. Lucy would be the most distant asteroid encounter mission to date, since the targets of past asteroid missions reside within the Main Asteroid Belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 4: Psyche\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402171\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche-400x203.jpg\" alt=\"The Psyche mission would explore the large metallic asteroid of the same name--an object whose interior may have been exposed by a collision with another asteroid. \" width=\"400\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche-400x203.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche.jpg 575w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Psyche mission would explore the large metallic asteroid of the same name–an object whose interior may have been exposed by a collision with another asteroid. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/122764/mission-to-the-metal-world-the-psyche-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Psyche mission\u003c/a> would send a spacecraft to explore the asteroid Psyche, one of the largest objects in the Main Asteroid Belt. Psyche is the remnant of a protoplanet whose outer layers were blasted away by a collision with another body. Psyche might offer a visiting spacecraft an unobstructed view of parts of the asteroid that originally formed deep within it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 5: NEOCam\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402172\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/neocam.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-402172\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/neocam.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the Near-Earth Object hunting infrared telescope and wide-field camera, NEOCam. \" width=\"320\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the Near-Earth Object hunting infrared telescope and wide-field camera, NEOCam. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final Discovery candidate under consideration is \u003ca href=\"http://neocam.ipac.caltech.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEOCam\u003c/a>, which would focus on detecting and tracking asteroids—and potentially comets—that pass close to Earth’s orbit. NEOCam would be stationed closer to the sun than Earth, near Venus’ orbit, and sweep its infrared gaze around Earth’s entire orbital path. We already know of about 10,000 Near Earth Objects (NEOs), including almost all of the larger ones. But the smaller the NEO, the more easily it evades detection. NEOCam is expected to detect 100,000 or more as yet unknown NEOs, vastly improving our ability to predict possible future collisions with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>So who will become NASA’s next Solar System Discovery Idol? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who would get your vote? Do Venusian volcanoes strike your fancy, or are you more concerned with space rocks that could punch a hole in Earth’s surface? Or maybe ancient asteroids that tell a story of the early formation of the solar system is what plays on your fascination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voting lines are now open! (If only….)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/402079/who-will-become-nasas-next-solar-system-discovery-idol","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_144","science_5175","science_147","science_146","science_5195","science_1999"],"featImg":"science_402165","label":"science"},"science_327848":{"type":"posts","id":"science_327848","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"327848","score":null,"sort":[1446210048000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-the-great-halloween-asteroid-charlie-bolden","title":"It's The Great Halloween Asteroid, Charlie Bolden!","publishDate":1446210048,"format":"standard","headTitle":"It’s The Great Halloween Asteroid, Charlie Bolden! | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>On Halloween, a frightfully large chunk of cosmic rock will pass close to the Earth—but don’t be afraid. This flying apparition poses no danger. It’s merely getting into the Halloween spirit, sneaking up in the dark and giving a good, hearty “Boo!” to the people of Earth… .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock is called asteroid 2015 TB145, and—discovered just three weeks ago—is fresh ink on the list of known “\u003ca href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Near-Earth Objects\u003c/a>” kept by the International Astronomical Union’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/mpc.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Minor Planet Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This family encompasses asteroids in a range of sizes that come closer than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the sun. (1 Astronomical Unit is equal to the distance from the sun to Earth.) Asteroid 2015 TB145 was discovered on October 10th by the University of Hawaii’s \u003ca href=\"http://pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/public/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_328065\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/19025508-mmmain.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-328065\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/19025508-mmmain-400x275.jpg\" alt=\"On October 31, 2015 at 10:05 AM PDT, asteroid 2015 TB145 will pass within 300,000 miles of Earth, about 30% farther away than the Moon. \" width=\"465\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/19025508-mmmain-400x275.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/19025508-mmmain.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On October 31, 2015 at 10:05 AM PDT, asteroid 2015 TB145 will pass within 300,000 miles of Earth, about 30% farther away than the Moon. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tracking this asteroid\u003c/a> with particular interest. Its size and close passage make it not only a potential Earth-impact threat to be monitored, but present an opportunity to learn more about small solar system objects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2015 TB145 is estimated to be between 900 and 2,000 feet across. (For comparison, the Empire State Building in New York is about 1,200 feet tall.) It is one of the largest asteroids to pass close to Earth in many years, and nothing larger (that we know of) will come closer until August of 2027.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Cosmic Rocks Hit Often! (In Geologic Time)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEach time a big space rock passes near us, it sparks a renewed interest in Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) and the probability of \u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/asteroid-hits-earth.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major impacts with Earth\u003c/a>. Major impacts, occasionally globally devastating, have occurred in the past—and the so-called\u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “Dinosaur Killer” asteroid impact\u003c/a> 65 million years ago wasn’t even the largest one. On average, an object the size of 2015 TB145 collides with the Earth every 150,000 to 200,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most recent collision with Earth by an object of similar size to 2015 TB145 took place in Argentina less than 100,000 years ago. The “\u003ca href=\"http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/riocuarto.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rio Cuarto\u003c/a>” impact field is a complex of teardrop-shaped craters thought to have formed when an asteroid struck the Earth’s surface at a oblique, grazing angle, then broke into multiple chunks that gouged out 10 impact scars, the largest about three-quarters of a mile wide and three miles long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_328066\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/pia03379annotated_browse-640x350.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-328066\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/pia03379annotated_browse-640x350-400x219.jpg\" alt='Evidence of the vast impact crater left behind by the \"Dinosaur Killer\" asteroid 65 million years ago was detected with radar and gravitational mapping at the northwestern end of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. ' width=\"338\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/pia03379annotated_browse-640x350-400x219.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/pia03379annotated_browse-640x350.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evidence of the vast impact crater left behind by the “Dinosaur Killer” asteroid 65 million years ago was detected with radar and gravitational mapping at the northwestern end of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By observing and tracking NEOs, the Minor Planet Center maintains a body of data that can be used to calculate the probability of impacts in the future—at least for NEOs whose existence are known; there are many more NEOs believed to exist that have not yet been detected. Even 2015 TB145, though quite large, was unknown before October 10th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, the orbit of this asteroid will carry it no closer than about 302,500 miles from Earth, or about 30% farther than the moon. Closest approach will take place at about 10:00 a.m. PDT on October 31st.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tracking the Rock\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs it flies by us, NASA’s large radio telescope at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gdscc.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex\u003c/a> in the Mojave Desert will bounce radio waves off of the asteroid, which will echo back to us and be collected by radio telescopes in Green Bank, West Virginia and the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.naic.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arecibo Observatory\u003c/a> in Puerto Rico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These measurements will give observers better estimates of the asteroid’s actual size and refined projections of its orbit around the sun, which, in turn, will improve our ability to predict if, and when, 2015 TB145 might one night return to spook us again—or potentially even hit us! Wouldn’t that be scary? Not this time, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the properties of 2015 TB145’s orbit around the sun—its inclination, or “tilt,” as well as its eccentricity (how stretched out versus circular it is)—suggest that it may not be an asteroid. It might be the remnant of an old comet: the largely rocky leftovers after most of a comet’s ices have evaporated. Scientists are still debating this possibility, and perhaps the data that will be collected during the flyby will help clarify its nature and origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Come See It! Weather Permitting\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOn Friday night, October 30th, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/observatories.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chabot Space & Science Center’s\u003c/a> observatory deck will remain open past its normal public viewing hours to offer visitors a chance to see asteroid 2015 TB145 through a large telescope—as always, weather permitting. The asteroid will rise high enough in the sky to be seen through Chabot’s telescopes by about 10:45 p.m., and Chabot’s observatory will remain open until 1:00 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case you didn’t know, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/bolden_bio.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charlie Bolden\u003c/a> is the administrator of NASA.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On Halloween, a frightfully large chunk of cosmic rock will pass close to the Earth—but don't be afraid. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931113,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":900},"headData":{"title":"It's The Great Halloween Asteroid, Charlie Bolden! | KQED","description":"On Halloween, a frightfully large chunk of cosmic rock will pass close to the Earth—but don't be afraid. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"It's The Great Halloween Asteroid, Charlie Bolden!","datePublished":"2015-10-30T13:00:48.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:58:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/327848/its-the-great-halloween-asteroid-charlie-bolden","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Halloween, a frightfully large chunk of cosmic rock will pass close to the Earth—but don’t be afraid. This flying apparition poses no danger. It’s merely getting into the Halloween spirit, sneaking up in the dark and giving a good, hearty “Boo!” to the people of Earth… .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock is called asteroid 2015 TB145, and—discovered just three weeks ago—is fresh ink on the list of known “\u003ca href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Near-Earth Objects\u003c/a>” kept by the International Astronomical Union’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/mpc.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Minor Planet Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This family encompasses asteroids in a range of sizes that come closer than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the sun. (1 Astronomical Unit is equal to the distance from the sun to Earth.) Asteroid 2015 TB145 was discovered on October 10th by the University of Hawaii’s \u003ca href=\"http://pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/public/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_328065\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/19025508-mmmain.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-328065\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/19025508-mmmain-400x275.jpg\" alt=\"On October 31, 2015 at 10:05 AM PDT, asteroid 2015 TB145 will pass within 300,000 miles of Earth, about 30% farther away than the Moon. \" width=\"465\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/19025508-mmmain-400x275.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/19025508-mmmain.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On October 31, 2015 at 10:05 AM PDT, asteroid 2015 TB145 will pass within 300,000 miles of Earth, about 30% farther away than the Moon. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tracking this asteroid\u003c/a> with particular interest. Its size and close passage make it not only a potential Earth-impact threat to be monitored, but present an opportunity to learn more about small solar system objects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2015 TB145 is estimated to be between 900 and 2,000 feet across. (For comparison, the Empire State Building in New York is about 1,200 feet tall.) It is one of the largest asteroids to pass close to Earth in many years, and nothing larger (that we know of) will come closer until August of 2027.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Cosmic Rocks Hit Often! (In Geologic Time)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEach time a big space rock passes near us, it sparks a renewed interest in Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) and the probability of \u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/asteroid-hits-earth.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major impacts with Earth\u003c/a>. Major impacts, occasionally globally devastating, have occurred in the past—and the so-called\u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “Dinosaur Killer” asteroid impact\u003c/a> 65 million years ago wasn’t even the largest one. On average, an object the size of 2015 TB145 collides with the Earth every 150,000 to 200,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most recent collision with Earth by an object of similar size to 2015 TB145 took place in Argentina less than 100,000 years ago. The “\u003ca href=\"http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/riocuarto.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rio Cuarto\u003c/a>” impact field is a complex of teardrop-shaped craters thought to have formed when an asteroid struck the Earth’s surface at a oblique, grazing angle, then broke into multiple chunks that gouged out 10 impact scars, the largest about three-quarters of a mile wide and three miles long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_328066\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/pia03379annotated_browse-640x350.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-328066\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/pia03379annotated_browse-640x350-400x219.jpg\" alt='Evidence of the vast impact crater left behind by the \"Dinosaur Killer\" asteroid 65 million years ago was detected with radar and gravitational mapping at the northwestern end of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. ' width=\"338\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/pia03379annotated_browse-640x350-400x219.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/pia03379annotated_browse-640x350.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evidence of the vast impact crater left behind by the “Dinosaur Killer” asteroid 65 million years ago was detected with radar and gravitational mapping at the northwestern end of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By observing and tracking NEOs, the Minor Planet Center maintains a body of data that can be used to calculate the probability of impacts in the future—at least for NEOs whose existence are known; there are many more NEOs believed to exist that have not yet been detected. Even 2015 TB145, though quite large, was unknown before October 10th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, the orbit of this asteroid will carry it no closer than about 302,500 miles from Earth, or about 30% farther than the moon. Closest approach will take place at about 10:00 a.m. PDT on October 31st.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tracking the Rock\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs it flies by us, NASA’s large radio telescope at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gdscc.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex\u003c/a> in the Mojave Desert will bounce radio waves off of the asteroid, which will echo back to us and be collected by radio telescopes in Green Bank, West Virginia and the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.naic.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arecibo Observatory\u003c/a> in Puerto Rico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These measurements will give observers better estimates of the asteroid’s actual size and refined projections of its orbit around the sun, which, in turn, will improve our ability to predict if, and when, 2015 TB145 might one night return to spook us again—or potentially even hit us! Wouldn’t that be scary? Not this time, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the properties of 2015 TB145’s orbit around the sun—its inclination, or “tilt,” as well as its eccentricity (how stretched out versus circular it is)—suggest that it may not be an asteroid. It might be the remnant of an old comet: the largely rocky leftovers after most of a comet’s ices have evaporated. Scientists are still debating this possibility, and perhaps the data that will be collected during the flyby will help clarify its nature and origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Come See It! Weather Permitting\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOn Friday night, October 30th, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/observatories.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chabot Space & Science Center’s\u003c/a> observatory deck will remain open past its normal public viewing hours to offer visitors a chance to see asteroid 2015 TB145 through a large telescope—as always, weather permitting. The asteroid will rise high enough in the sky to be seen through Chabot’s telescopes by about 10:45 p.m., and Chabot’s observatory will remain open until 1:00 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case you didn’t know, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/bolden_bio.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charlie Bolden\u003c/a> is the administrator of NASA.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/327848/its-the-great-halloween-asteroid-charlie-bolden","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28"],"tags":["science_144","science_145","science_146"],"featImg":"science_327992","label":"science"},"science_2795":{"type":"posts","id":"science_2795","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"2795","score":null,"sort":[1368777658000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"b612-foundation-defending-the-earth-from-merciless-asteroids","title":"B612 Foundation: Defending the Earth from Merciless Asteroids","publishDate":1368777658,"format":"aside","headTitle":"B612 Foundation: Defending the Earth from Merciless Asteroids | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2796\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/b612foundation.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2796\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2796\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/b612foundation.jpg\" alt=\"The Gravity Tractor concept.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gravity Tractor concept. Credit: Dan Durda/B612 Foundation\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pathetic Earthlings. Hurling your bodies out into the void, without the slightest inkling of who or what is out here. If you had known anything about the true nature of the universe, anything at all, you would’ve hidden from it in terror.” – \u003ca title=\"Ming the Merciless\" href=\"http://images4.fanpop.com/image/photos/23400000/Flash-Gordon-flash-gordon-23432212-1920-1080.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ming the Merciless\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We who watched that movie know what Ming was referring to, but he might just as well have been calling attention to the multitude of space rocks out there—\u003ca title=\"Near Earth Object - Video\" href=\"http://www.space.com/19830-neos-near-earth-objects-the-video-show.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Near Earth Objects\u003c/a>; comets and asteroids that cross Earth’s orbit and pose a potential impact risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Envision the Earth plunging through space and passing a sign that warns, “Watch for falling rocks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, we’ve been getting very good with our technology and techniques for finding and tracking NEOs, not only the ones that occasionally explode in an aerial fireball or even gouge out a crater on the ground, but also those near misses that go grazing by, only to plunge back into the darkness until they once again circle back to us, maybe closer than before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been a number of these in the news lately, seemingly with greater and greater frequency. The sizeable asteroid 2012 DA14 crossed within our ring of geosynchronous satellites last February—and on the same date, the \u003ca title=\"Chelyabinsk Meteorite\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1z7D4dOk0U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chelyabinsk meteorite \u003c/a>exploded over the skies of Russia, and another fireball lit up Bay Area skies that same night! Truly, it seemed like the sky was falling. It was an \u003ca title=\"2012 DA14\" href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/asteroidflyby.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">astronomical coincidence\u003c/a>, but caused quite a stir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Near Earth Object detection program\" href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">We are currently tracking \u003c/a>quite a large number of NEOs classified as Potentially Hazardous Objects, asteroids and comets that have a calculable probability of hitting us in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are we to do about it? Last I heard, Flash Gordon was unavailable—and I wonder if Bruce Willis could still fit into the spacesuit he wore when he flew out to blow up that comet…oh, but that was a movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about the B612 Foundation? I heard they’re all about protecting the planet from cosmic impacts. And I think they’re available! What is the B612 Foundation? Real astronauts, real engineers, and a real plan for deflecting asteroids from collision courses with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded back in 2001, \u003ca title=\"B612 Foundation\" href=\"http://b612foundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B612 \u003c/a>(named after the tiny planetoid the storybook Little Prince lived on) is committed to developing spacecraft technology capable of altering the course of an impending impactor–with a tractor, of sorts. The idea is to place a massive robotic spacecraft nearby an asteroid and allowing the gravitational attraction between the two to gently tug the rock off its collision course. By exerting a small force over a long period of time (years, or decades), the nudge would make the difference between a hit and a miss, with Earth. They are even working on promoting a mission to practice the technique on a selected asteroid, though not one that is currently on a crash course with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, if you want to talk to the real astronauts—also co-founders of B612 Foundation—Space Shuttle astronaut Ed Lu and Apollo 9 astronaut Rusty Schweickart will be at Chabot Space & Science Center on Saturday evening, May 18, to talk about their planetary protection plan and air a planetarium show in Chabot’s full dome digital planetarium. \u003ca title=\"Evening with Astronauts at Chabot Space & Science Center\" href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/astronauts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Check out the details \u003c/a>and come talk to some real astronauts who want to save the planet!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Envision the Earth plunging through space and passing a sign that warns, “Watch for falling rocks.” Now, what are we going to do deflect a catastrophic collision from space?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935767,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":591},"headData":{"title":"B612 Foundation: Defending the Earth from Merciless Asteroids | KQED","description":"Envision the Earth plunging through space and passing a sign that warns, “Watch for falling rocks.” Now, what are we going to do deflect a catastrophic collision from space?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"B612 Foundation: Defending the Earth from Merciless Asteroids","datePublished":"2013-05-17T08:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T01:16:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/2795/b612-foundation-defending-the-earth-from-merciless-asteroids","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2796\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/b612foundation.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2796\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2796\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/b612foundation.jpg\" alt=\"The Gravity Tractor concept.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gravity Tractor concept. Credit: Dan Durda/B612 Foundation\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pathetic Earthlings. Hurling your bodies out into the void, without the slightest inkling of who or what is out here. If you had known anything about the true nature of the universe, anything at all, you would’ve hidden from it in terror.” – \u003ca title=\"Ming the Merciless\" href=\"http://images4.fanpop.com/image/photos/23400000/Flash-Gordon-flash-gordon-23432212-1920-1080.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ming the Merciless\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We who watched that movie know what Ming was referring to, but he might just as well have been calling attention to the multitude of space rocks out there—\u003ca title=\"Near Earth Object - Video\" href=\"http://www.space.com/19830-neos-near-earth-objects-the-video-show.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Near Earth Objects\u003c/a>; comets and asteroids that cross Earth’s orbit and pose a potential impact risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Envision the Earth plunging through space and passing a sign that warns, “Watch for falling rocks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, we’ve been getting very good with our technology and techniques for finding and tracking NEOs, not only the ones that occasionally explode in an aerial fireball or even gouge out a crater on the ground, but also those near misses that go grazing by, only to plunge back into the darkness until they once again circle back to us, maybe closer than before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been a number of these in the news lately, seemingly with greater and greater frequency. The sizeable asteroid 2012 DA14 crossed within our ring of geosynchronous satellites last February—and on the same date, the \u003ca title=\"Chelyabinsk Meteorite\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1z7D4dOk0U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chelyabinsk meteorite \u003c/a>exploded over the skies of Russia, and another fireball lit up Bay Area skies that same night! Truly, it seemed like the sky was falling. It was an \u003ca title=\"2012 DA14\" href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/asteroidflyby.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">astronomical coincidence\u003c/a>, but caused quite a stir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Near Earth Object detection program\" href=\"http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">We are currently tracking \u003c/a>quite a large number of NEOs classified as Potentially Hazardous Objects, asteroids and comets that have a calculable probability of hitting us in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are we to do about it? Last I heard, Flash Gordon was unavailable—and I wonder if Bruce Willis could still fit into the spacesuit he wore when he flew out to blow up that comet…oh, but that was a movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about the B612 Foundation? I heard they’re all about protecting the planet from cosmic impacts. And I think they’re available! What is the B612 Foundation? Real astronauts, real engineers, and a real plan for deflecting asteroids from collision courses with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded back in 2001, \u003ca title=\"B612 Foundation\" href=\"http://b612foundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B612 \u003c/a>(named after the tiny planetoid the storybook Little Prince lived on) is committed to developing spacecraft technology capable of altering the course of an impending impactor–with a tractor, of sorts. The idea is to place a massive robotic spacecraft nearby an asteroid and allowing the gravitational attraction between the two to gently tug the rock off its collision course. By exerting a small force over a long period of time (years, or decades), the nudge would make the difference between a hit and a miss, with Earth. They are even working on promoting a mission to practice the technique on a selected asteroid, though not one that is currently on a crash course with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, if you want to talk to the real astronauts—also co-founders of B612 Foundation—Space Shuttle astronaut Ed Lu and Apollo 9 astronaut Rusty Schweickart will be at Chabot Space & Science Center on Saturday evening, May 18, to talk about their planetary protection plan and air a planetarium show in Chabot’s full dome digital planetarium. \u003ca title=\"Evening with Astronauts at Chabot Space & Science Center\" href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/astronauts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Check out the details \u003c/a>and come talk to some real astronauts who want to save the planet!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/2795/b612-foundation-defending-the-earth-from-merciless-asteroids","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28"],"tags":["science_145","science_64","science_147","science_146"],"featImg":"science_2796","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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