There May Be Way More Plastic in Your Diet Than You Thought
The New Pollution: Monterey Bay is Swimming in Microplastic
California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants
From Drugged Oysters to Birds Full of Plastic, Oceans Are Feeling the Burden of Pollution
Hunting for Plastic in California's Protected Ocean Waters
Microfibers: How the Tiny Threads in Our Clothes Are Polluting the Bay
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FM","link":"/"}},"science_1946988":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1946988","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1946988","score":null,"sort":[1568034082000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-toxic-soup-the-great-pacific-garbage-patch","title":"The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is a Toxic Soup","publishDate":1568034082,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is a Toxic Soup | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine a giant aquatic vortex between Hawaii and California where converging ocean currents stir a toxic soup of discarded fishing nets, bottles, ropes, toilet seats, toothbrushes, bottle caps, bags and microplastics smaller than your pinky nail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s out there, and it has a name: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You could sail right through it without noticing you are in the midst of almost\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-22939-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 2 trillion\u003c/a> pieces of plastics churning between the surface and the bottom of the ocean. Most people can’t perceive how big it really is.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[pullquote size='medium align='right' citation='Kara Law]‘It’s easier to collect a floating bottle in the harbor than it is – some number of years later – to try to pick up 5,000 pieces of broken bottles, distributed over hundreds of square kilometers in the middle of the ocean.[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> “People picture a landfill or a dump floating out in the middle of the ocean. That is just not accurate,” says Kara Lavender Law of the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sea.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sea Education Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think of it more as an accumulation of little things — a balloon, a red rubber flip-flop, a coffee can — far from where they belong. In 1972, the sight of these plastic objects in midocean surprised an observer enough that she wrote about it for the first time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elizabeth Venrick, a biologist at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography, was aboard a research vessel that broke down in the Central North Pacific Ocean. “From this vantage point,” she wrote, “it was obvious that the sea surface is littered with a startling array of man-made objects, even 600 miles from the nearest major civilization (Hawaii) and outside the major shipping lanes.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Venrick’s log marked the first scientific record of the garbage accumulation in the Pacific Ocean. The journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> published a paper based on the researchers’ observations in 1973.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time, Venrick and her colleagues dismissed the plastic as an aesthetic affront unlikely to enter the food chain and threaten human well-being. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But her article concluded with a warning and a reference to a nursery rhyme:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Unless we find adequate means of disposing of our plastic products soon,” she wrote, “we can anticipate that the ‘\u003ca href=\"https://poets.org/poem/wynken-blynken-and-nod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wynken, Blynken and Nod’\u003c/a> of our children will set sail into a plastic sea, accompanied by all the ‘no-deposit, no-return’ products of our technology.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Almost 50 years later, researchers continue to study what Venrick saw, and some ambitious enterprises are trying to apply technological solutions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Desire to Clean\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://theoceancleanup.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ocean Cleanup\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a Netherlands-based nonprofit, has promised that its technology would remove half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in just five years. From a list of donors that included Silicon Valley billionaires Peter Thiel and Marc Benioff, the organization raised $40 million.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last year, it launched a giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11691328/massive-barrier-sets-out-from-san-francisco-to-collect-the-pacific-oceans-plastic-trash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U-shaped barrier\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Bay. The structure is supposed to function like a coastline that collects plastic from the Pacific Ocean. In a couple of months, a 59-foot end-section fell off and the system \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11716204/an-engineering-wunderkinds-ocean-plastics-cleanup-device-hits-a-setback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">returned\u003c/a> to land for repairs. The organization relaunched it in June.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International media have been paying attention to cleanup efforts. and to the growing realization that ocean plastics are an ugly, harmful and potentially toxic pollution problem for marine wildlife, one that’s expensive, and maybe impossible, to solve. Some environmentalists wonder if it’s even possible to clean up the Great Pacific Patch.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The goal isn’t to get everything,” explained Mary Crowley, founder and director of the Sausalito-based\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.oceanvoyagesinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean Voyages Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. “I think that is an unrealistic goal. But I think we can help make the ocean a healthier habitat for all the life within it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier this year, with the help of satellite-based GPS trackers, the Institute extracted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944183/pacific-plastic-purge-attempt-serves-as-a-reminder-of-the-daunting-task-ahead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">40 tons\u003c/a> of “ghost” fishing nets and other plastics from the North Pacific garbage patch. The expedition’s haul accounted for less than 0.1% of the abandoned nets scientists believe are still in the Pacific.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crew of the Greenpeace ship MY Arctic Sunrise voyage into the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, documenting plastics and other marine debris. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a soupy mix of plastics and microplastics, now twice the size of Texas, in the middle of the North Pacific Ocean. \u003ccite>(Ocean Voyage Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Start Near the Shore\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are no cost-effective fixes for the offshore trash problem. It’ll take time, money, political will and technologies that might not exist yet to collect all the microplastics from the vast, constantly moving ocean. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One ocean expert, Sherry Lippiatt with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Marine Debris Program, offers an idea of how to get our heads around this. “If you walk into a bathroom and the toilet is overflowing, would you grab a mop or turn off the water at the source?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To approach this problem at its source, her program makes it a priority to remove debris near the ocean shore.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOAA has funded a volunteer-based beach cleanup that’s cleared over two tons of debris and lost fishing gear from the Channel Islands. It’s also paying for Surfrider San Francisco’s Hold on to Your Butt program aimed at changing smokers’ habits on and around beaches. On Aug. 15, NOAA announced $2.7 million in grants for onshore marine debris removal and research.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It’s easier to collect a floating bottle in the harbor than it is – some number of years later – to try to pick up 5,000 pieces of broken bottles, distributed over hundreds of square kilometers in the middle of the ocean,” says the Sea Education Association’s Kara Lavender Law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Consumer Choice\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts like her remind us that the enormity of the problem is no excuse for inaction. Consumers can choose to recycle, refill and reduce the amount of plastic we use and throw away. “The convenience lifestyle [of single use plastic] is not essential,” says Law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea is to learn from what people did decades before they relied on plastic. In the 1920s, Americans routinely refilled the glass and metal containers that held their milk and motor oil. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an effort to reboot this idea, the recycling company\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/pages/closed-loop-solutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TerraCycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has established a new shopping service called Loop.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“You can now access your favorite brands, from your Häagen-Dazs ice cream to Tide laundry detergent, in durable refillable packages,” said TerraCycle CEO Tom Szkay. Next year, his company plans to launch Loop reusable containers in California, Canada, Germany, Japan and Australia. He says he hopes people will endorse these products with their wallets and a commitment to reduce and eliminate plastic waste.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, plastic has made its way into \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\">bodies of water many Californians treasure.\u003c/a> as well as into the bodies of creatures that include \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">human beings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are trying to play catch-up by introducing bills that would phase out the sale and distribution of plastics and require a minimum recycled content level in plastic bottles. Each of these bills passed the house that introduced them and await further consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Forty-seven years after researchers first observed it, the Patch remains a toxic soup created by consumers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848346,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1251},"headData":{"title":"The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is a Toxic Soup | KQED","description":"Forty-seven years after researchers first observed it, the Patch remains a toxic soup created by consumers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is a Toxic Soup","datePublished":"2019-09-09T13:01:22.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:59:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1946988/a-toxic-soup-the-great-pacific-garbage-patch","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine a giant aquatic vortex between Hawaii and California where converging ocean currents stir a toxic soup of discarded fishing nets, bottles, ropes, toilet seats, toothbrushes, bottle caps, bags and microplastics smaller than your pinky nail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s out there, and it has a name: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You could sail right through it without noticing you are in the midst of almost\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-22939-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 2 trillion\u003c/a> pieces of plastics churning between the surface and the bottom of the ocean. Most people can’t perceive how big it really is.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s easier to collect a floating bottle in the harbor than it is – some number of years later – to try to pick up 5,000 pieces of broken bottles, distributed over hundreds of square kilometers in the middle of the ocean.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","label":"size='medium citation='Kara Law"},"numeric":["size='medium","citation='Kara","Law"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> “People picture a landfill or a dump floating out in the middle of the ocean. That is just not accurate,” says Kara Lavender Law of the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sea.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sea Education Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think of it more as an accumulation of little things — a balloon, a red rubber flip-flop, a coffee can — far from where they belong. In 1972, the sight of these plastic objects in midocean surprised an observer enough that she wrote about it for the first time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elizabeth Venrick, a biologist at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography, was aboard a research vessel that broke down in the Central North Pacific Ocean. “From this vantage point,” she wrote, “it was obvious that the sea surface is littered with a startling array of man-made objects, even 600 miles from the nearest major civilization (Hawaii) and outside the major shipping lanes.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Venrick’s log marked the first scientific record of the garbage accumulation in the Pacific Ocean. The journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> published a paper based on the researchers’ observations in 1973.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time, Venrick and her colleagues dismissed the plastic as an aesthetic affront unlikely to enter the food chain and threaten human well-being. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But her article concluded with a warning and a reference to a nursery rhyme:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Unless we find adequate means of disposing of our plastic products soon,” she wrote, “we can anticipate that the ‘\u003ca href=\"https://poets.org/poem/wynken-blynken-and-nod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wynken, Blynken and Nod’\u003c/a> of our children will set sail into a plastic sea, accompanied by all the ‘no-deposit, no-return’ products of our technology.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Almost 50 years later, researchers continue to study what Venrick saw, and some ambitious enterprises are trying to apply technological solutions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Desire to Clean\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://theoceancleanup.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ocean Cleanup\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a Netherlands-based nonprofit, has promised that its technology would remove half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in just five years. From a list of donors that included Silicon Valley billionaires Peter Thiel and Marc Benioff, the organization raised $40 million.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last year, it launched a giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11691328/massive-barrier-sets-out-from-san-francisco-to-collect-the-pacific-oceans-plastic-trash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U-shaped barrier\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Bay. The structure is supposed to function like a coastline that collects plastic from the Pacific Ocean. In a couple of months, a 59-foot end-section fell off and the system \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11716204/an-engineering-wunderkinds-ocean-plastics-cleanup-device-hits-a-setback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">returned\u003c/a> to land for repairs. The organization relaunched it in June.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International media have been paying attention to cleanup efforts. and to the growing realization that ocean plastics are an ugly, harmful and potentially toxic pollution problem for marine wildlife, one that’s expensive, and maybe impossible, to solve. Some environmentalists wonder if it’s even possible to clean up the Great Pacific Patch.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The goal isn’t to get everything,” explained Mary Crowley, founder and director of the Sausalito-based\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.oceanvoyagesinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean Voyages Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. “I think that is an unrealistic goal. But I think we can help make the ocean a healthier habitat for all the life within it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier this year, with the help of satellite-based GPS trackers, the Institute extracted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944183/pacific-plastic-purge-attempt-serves-as-a-reminder-of-the-daunting-task-ahead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">40 tons\u003c/a> of “ghost” fishing nets and other plastics from the North Pacific garbage patch. The expedition’s haul accounted for less than 0.1% of the abandoned nets scientists believe are still in the Pacific.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crew of the Greenpeace ship MY Arctic Sunrise voyage into the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, documenting plastics and other marine debris. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a soupy mix of plastics and microplastics, now twice the size of Texas, in the middle of the North Pacific Ocean. \u003ccite>(Ocean Voyage Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Start Near the Shore\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are no cost-effective fixes for the offshore trash problem. It’ll take time, money, political will and technologies that might not exist yet to collect all the microplastics from the vast, constantly moving ocean. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One ocean expert, Sherry Lippiatt with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Marine Debris Program, offers an idea of how to get our heads around this. “If you walk into a bathroom and the toilet is overflowing, would you grab a mop or turn off the water at the source?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To approach this problem at its source, her program makes it a priority to remove debris near the ocean shore.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOAA has funded a volunteer-based beach cleanup that’s cleared over two tons of debris and lost fishing gear from the Channel Islands. It’s also paying for Surfrider San Francisco’s Hold on to Your Butt program aimed at changing smokers’ habits on and around beaches. On Aug. 15, NOAA announced $2.7 million in grants for onshore marine debris removal and research.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It’s easier to collect a floating bottle in the harbor than it is – some number of years later – to try to pick up 5,000 pieces of broken bottles, distributed over hundreds of square kilometers in the middle of the ocean,” says the Sea Education Association’s Kara Lavender Law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Consumer Choice\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts like her remind us that the enormity of the problem is no excuse for inaction. Consumers can choose to recycle, refill and reduce the amount of plastic we use and throw away. “The convenience lifestyle [of single use plastic] is not essential,” says Law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea is to learn from what people did decades before they relied on plastic. In the 1920s, Americans routinely refilled the glass and metal containers that held their milk and motor oil. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an effort to reboot this idea, the recycling company\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/pages/closed-loop-solutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TerraCycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has established a new shopping service called Loop.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“You can now access your favorite brands, from your Häagen-Dazs ice cream to Tide laundry detergent, in durable refillable packages,” said TerraCycle CEO Tom Szkay. Next year, his company plans to launch Loop reusable containers in California, Canada, Germany, Japan and Australia. He says he hopes people will endorse these products with their wallets and a commitment to reduce and eliminate plastic waste.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, plastic has made its way into \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\">bodies of water many Californians treasure.\u003c/a> as well as into the bodies of creatures that include \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">human beings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are trying to play catch-up by introducing bills that would phase out the sale and distribution of plastics and require a minimum recycled content level in plastic bottles. Each of these bills passed the house that introduced them and await further consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1946988/a-toxic-soup-the-great-pacific-garbage-patch","authors":["11616"],"categories":["science_35","science_2873"],"tags":["science_3103","science_843"],"featImg":"science_1947007","label":"science"},"science_1943187":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1943187","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1943187","score":null,"sort":[1560287715000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought","title":"There May Be Way More Plastic in Your Diet Than You Thought","publishDate":1560287715,"format":"standard","headTitle":"There May Be Way More Plastic in Your Diet Than You Thought | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It’s no secret that plastic pollution litters the streets, fouls rivers, and drifts across oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it’s in people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average person in the U.S. consumes between 74,000 and 121,000 particles of plastic every year through food that they eat, the beverages that they drink, and the air that they breathe, according to new research from marine biologists at the University of Victoria in British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults consume more than children, and men consume more than women, the researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastics are everywhere,” Garth Covernton, a co-author on the paper. “We need to re-evaluate our relationship with plastics as a society. We’ve been irresponsibly using plastics for the last 70 or so years, and exponentially increasing our plastic production every single year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> from UC Santa Barbara, published two years ago, half of all the plastic that ever existed was produced within the prior 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a> from the new study, which appeared last week in the scientific journal \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em>, is based on 402 data points from 26 different studies that examined plastics in things that people might consume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show that these tiny particles, known as microplastic, have been found in ambient air, salt, sugar, bottled water, honey, seafood, and tap water — one study even found it in beer. Scientists define microplastics as any particles up to 5 millimeters across, or about the size of a single piece of confetti, though many are so small they’re invisible to the human eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To come up with his consumption estimates, Covernton correlated the documented presence of microplastics in food with the recommended dietary intake for people in the U.S., as determined by the federal Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If anything, he says, it’s a low-ball estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know how much plastic is in red meat, poultry, grains, dairy, fruits and vegetables, so Covernton’s estimate accounts for only 15% of the average person’s caloric intake. He says the actual amount is likely far higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we need to start really reconsidering whether we want to keep making this huge amount of plastic which continually contaminates our environment and our food,” Covernton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study draws a “rational estimate in terms of [plastic consumption] count” for the average American, according to John Torkelson, a chemical engineer with a focus on plastics at Northwestern University , who was not involved in the study. “They did a service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some of the study’s research conclusions might be too strong, says Torkelson, who is involved in a new plastic and public health \u003ca href=\"https://isen.northwestern.edu/program-on-plastics-ecosystems-and-public-health\">program\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"https://isen.northwestern.edu/program-on-plastics-ecosystems-and-public-health\">Institute for Sustainability and Energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, better recycling programs might be a more effective way to reduce human consumption of microplastic, rather than reducing plastic production and use, as suggested in the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Torkelson suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/garbagepatch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> is not so much an issue of general use plastic, “but how waste is handled in places like the Philippines, Indonesia, China, Vietnam and Bangladesh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he agrees that plastic in the ocean is a significant problem, Torkelson says more research is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, marine biologists in California published a separate study that found that Monterey Bay is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">swimming in microplastic\u003c/a> and suggests that the deep sea, the Earth’s largest habitat, could be its biggest \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101871514/study-monterey-bay-infested-by-microplastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">repository of small plastic-debris\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfei.org/projects/microplastic-pollution#sthash.HVX6YVS4.35Vdgyzi.dpbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Microplastic Project\u003c/a> at the San Francisco Estuary Institute \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915692/hunting-for-plastic-in-californias-protected-ocean-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> that wastewater treatment plants discharged 7 million plastic particles into San Francisco Bay each day, possibly more than any other major water body in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic in the ocean is a particular problem because it’s consumed by mussels, sponges and other \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/science/filter-feeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filter feeders\u003c/a>. The plastic is indistinguishable from the food normally consumed by these small ocean creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, plastics can enter the larger food web. In 2014, \u003ca href=\"/www.expeditionmed.eu/fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Van-Cauwenberghe-2014-microplastics-in-cultured-shellfish1.pdf\">one study\u003c/a> found an average portion of oysters from the Atlantic Ocean contains around 50 plastic bits, while mussels from a farm in Germany had 90.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covernton’s paper mostly focused on the American diet, but it notes that seafood is a significant source of ingested plastic for people anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That could mean that in certain parts of the world where seafood is a much greater part of the diet — Japan, or other parts of Asia — there could be a greater impact,” Torkelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is all that plastic harmful to humans? Covernton says more research is needed on that, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t fully understand it yet,” he says. “It’s early days in terms of the risk to human health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Fuhs Fellow Jazmine Mejia Munoz contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists found confetti-sized bits of plastic in salt, sugar, ambient air, bottled water, honey, seafood and tap water -- one study even found it in beer.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848605,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":834},"headData":{"title":"There May Be Way More Plastic in Your Diet Than You Thought | KQED","description":"Scientists found confetti-sized bits of plastic in salt, sugar, ambient air, bottled water, honey, seafood and tap water -- one study even found it in beer.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"There May Be Way More Plastic in Your Diet Than You Thought","datePublished":"2019-06-11T21:15:15.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:03:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Plastics","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s no secret that plastic pollution litters the streets, fouls rivers, and drifts across oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it’s in people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average person in the U.S. consumes between 74,000 and 121,000 particles of plastic every year through food that they eat, the beverages that they drink, and the air that they breathe, according to new research from marine biologists at the University of Victoria in British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults consume more than children, and men consume more than women, the researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastics are everywhere,” Garth Covernton, a co-author on the paper. “We need to re-evaluate our relationship with plastics as a society. We’ve been irresponsibly using plastics for the last 70 or so years, and exponentially increasing our plastic production every single year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> from UC Santa Barbara, published two years ago, half of all the plastic that ever existed was produced within the prior 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a> from the new study, which appeared last week in the scientific journal \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em>, is based on 402 data points from 26 different studies that examined plastics in things that people might consume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show that these tiny particles, known as microplastic, have been found in ambient air, salt, sugar, bottled water, honey, seafood, and tap water — one study even found it in beer. Scientists define microplastics as any particles up to 5 millimeters across, or about the size of a single piece of confetti, though many are so small they’re invisible to the human eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To come up with his consumption estimates, Covernton correlated the documented presence of microplastics in food with the recommended dietary intake for people in the U.S., as determined by the federal Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If anything, he says, it’s a low-ball estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know how much plastic is in red meat, poultry, grains, dairy, fruits and vegetables, so Covernton’s estimate accounts for only 15% of the average person’s caloric intake. He says the actual amount is likely far higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we need to start really reconsidering whether we want to keep making this huge amount of plastic which continually contaminates our environment and our food,” Covernton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study draws a “rational estimate in terms of [plastic consumption] count” for the average American, according to John Torkelson, a chemical engineer with a focus on plastics at Northwestern University , who was not involved in the study. “They did a service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some of the study’s research conclusions might be too strong, says Torkelson, who is involved in a new plastic and public health \u003ca href=\"https://isen.northwestern.edu/program-on-plastics-ecosystems-and-public-health\">program\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"https://isen.northwestern.edu/program-on-plastics-ecosystems-and-public-health\">Institute for Sustainability and Energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, better recycling programs might be a more effective way to reduce human consumption of microplastic, rather than reducing plastic production and use, as suggested in the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Torkelson suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/garbagepatch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> is not so much an issue of general use plastic, “but how waste is handled in places like the Philippines, Indonesia, China, Vietnam and Bangladesh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he agrees that plastic in the ocean is a significant problem, Torkelson says more research is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, marine biologists in California published a separate study that found that Monterey Bay is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">swimming in microplastic\u003c/a> and suggests that the deep sea, the Earth’s largest habitat, could be its biggest \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101871514/study-monterey-bay-infested-by-microplastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">repository of small plastic-debris\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfei.org/projects/microplastic-pollution#sthash.HVX6YVS4.35Vdgyzi.dpbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Microplastic Project\u003c/a> at the San Francisco Estuary Institute \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915692/hunting-for-plastic-in-californias-protected-ocean-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> that wastewater treatment plants discharged 7 million plastic particles into San Francisco Bay each day, possibly more than any other major water body in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic in the ocean is a particular problem because it’s consumed by mussels, sponges and other \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/science/filter-feeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filter feeders\u003c/a>. The plastic is indistinguishable from the food normally consumed by these small ocean creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, plastics can enter the larger food web. In 2014, \u003ca href=\"/www.expeditionmed.eu/fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Van-Cauwenberghe-2014-microplastics-in-cultured-shellfish1.pdf\">one study\u003c/a> found an average portion of oysters from the Atlantic Ocean contains around 50 plastic bits, while mussels from a farm in Germany had 90.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covernton’s paper mostly focused on the American diet, but it notes that seafood is a significant source of ingested plastic for people anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That could mean that in certain parts of the world where seafood is a much greater part of the diet — Japan, or other parts of Asia — there could be a greater impact,” Torkelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is all that plastic harmful to humans? Covernton says more research is needed on that, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t fully understand it yet,” he says. “It’s early days in terms of the risk to human health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Fuhs Fellow Jazmine Mejia Munoz contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_35","science_36","science_40"],"tags":["science_3840","science_507","science_3103","science_3830"],"featImg":"science_1943194","label":"source_science_1943187"},"science_1943007":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1943007","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1943007","score":null,"sort":[1559868812000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic","title":"The New Pollution: Monterey Bay is Swimming in Microplastic","publishDate":1559868812,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The New Pollution: Monterey Bay is Swimming in Microplastic | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiH3f6AKFbc]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey Bay — long considered an environmental success story–is now facing a new threat: tiny particles of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And scientists are finding that it’s far worse than they suspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay is a national marine sanctuary, a place where environmental protections and sustainable fishing have transformed what was once a stew of dumped waste products from local sardine canneries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long gone is the industrial filth that John Steinbeck described in his Depression-era novel Cannery Row. Now, the bay is cleaned up and home to seals, otters, and the occasional humpback whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not where you would expect to find tons of marine pollution,” said Kyle Van Houtan, who oversees research for the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s exactly what researchers found when they sent a robot trolling into the water. Van Houtan’s team found microplastics in quantities much higher than previously expected at nearly every level of the water column, according to a paper \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44117-2\">published\u003c/a> this week in \u003cem>Scientific Reports \u003c/em>from the publishers of \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that the deep sea, the Earth’s largest habitat, could be its “biggest repository of small plastic debris,” said Anela Choy, the report’s lead author, in a statement released with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At about a quarter-mile below the surface they found plastic particles at concentrations four times that near the surface or along the sea floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the samples were collected in Monterey Canyon, about 15 miles off the coast. The team took a smaller number of samples from Moss Landing Harbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies focused on plastic on the surface of the ocean, in places such as the much-publicized mid-ocean vortex known as the Great Pacific garbage patch, and on the sea floor. But Scientists have recently begun to focus on degraded motes of microplastics floating around in the water column.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To marine life, scientists say the plastic is indistinguishable from the organic material known as “marine snow,” commonly eaten by small crabs and filter feeders, which consume the plastic and introduce the pollution into the larger food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our study demonstrates a link between microplastics distributed across the water column and entry of this foreign material into marine food webs,” said Choy, a marine biologist with Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper is a joint study between Scripps, Monterey Bay Aquarium, and its sister organization, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic particles are not likely local, but the accreted debris from plastics that have been in the ocean for years, maybe decades. Much of it was probably once single-use plastic that has broken down over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are finding material that circulated throughout perhaps the entire North Pacific,” Van Houtan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using robots that filtered seawater to capture particles smaller than 5 millimeters in size, they collected repeated samples at a range of depths, from just below the surface to 3,000 feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943012\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-800x492.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-768x473.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-1200x738.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both.jpg 1755w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute engineers spent considerable time and effort developing a device to collect and filter microplastic deep below the surface of Monterey Bay. \u003ccite>(Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In order for us to access these areas, we rely on robotics to do that work,” said Kakani Katija, an engineer with MBARI. “We were able to find microplastics even in the deep sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the plastic from the ocean is a real challenge, Katija said, adding that a solution might be to prevent more of it from polluting the water in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering legislation to phase out the sale and distribution of some plastics. The companion bills, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">AB 1080, \u003c/a> target a wide range of single-use plastics, such as utensils, containers, and other items that can’t be recycled. The bills \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942666/which-environmental-bills-made-it-to-the-next-legislative-round\">moved forward\u003c/a> in the Legislature last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t think of a dive that I’ve been on that I haven’t seen some form of plastic, whether it be plastic bottles, or plastic bags,” said Amanda Kahn, who studies deep sea sponges in Monterey Bay as a postdoctoral fellow for MBARI. “One time we saw a plastic lawn chair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Fuhs Fellow Jazmine Mejia Munoz contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers found high concentrations of tiny plastic particles, even at extreme depths.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848620,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":749},"headData":{"title":"The New Pollution: Monterey Bay is Swimming in Microplastic | KQED","description":"Researchers found high concentrations of tiny plastic particles, even at extreme depths.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The New Pollution: Monterey Bay is Swimming in Microplastic","datePublished":"2019-06-07T00:53:32.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:03:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Oceans","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/LiH3f6AKFbc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/LiH3f6AKFbc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey Bay — long considered an environmental success story–is now facing a new threat: tiny particles of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And scientists are finding that it’s far worse than they suspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay is a national marine sanctuary, a place where environmental protections and sustainable fishing have transformed what was once a stew of dumped waste products from local sardine canneries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long gone is the industrial filth that John Steinbeck described in his Depression-era novel Cannery Row. Now, the bay is cleaned up and home to seals, otters, and the occasional humpback whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not where you would expect to find tons of marine pollution,” said Kyle Van Houtan, who oversees research for the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s exactly what researchers found when they sent a robot trolling into the water. Van Houtan’s team found microplastics in quantities much higher than previously expected at nearly every level of the water column, according to a paper \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44117-2\">published\u003c/a> this week in \u003cem>Scientific Reports \u003c/em>from the publishers of \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that the deep sea, the Earth’s largest habitat, could be its “biggest repository of small plastic debris,” said Anela Choy, the report’s lead author, in a statement released with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At about a quarter-mile below the surface they found plastic particles at concentrations four times that near the surface or along the sea floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the samples were collected in Monterey Canyon, about 15 miles off the coast. The team took a smaller number of samples from Moss Landing Harbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies focused on plastic on the surface of the ocean, in places such as the much-publicized mid-ocean vortex known as the Great Pacific garbage patch, and on the sea floor. But Scientists have recently begun to focus on degraded motes of microplastics floating around in the water column.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To marine life, scientists say the plastic is indistinguishable from the organic material known as “marine snow,” commonly eaten by small crabs and filter feeders, which consume the plastic and introduce the pollution into the larger food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our study demonstrates a link between microplastics distributed across the water column and entry of this foreign material into marine food webs,” said Choy, a marine biologist with Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper is a joint study between Scripps, Monterey Bay Aquarium, and its sister organization, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic particles are not likely local, but the accreted debris from plastics that have been in the ocean for years, maybe decades. Much of it was probably once single-use plastic that has broken down over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are finding material that circulated throughout perhaps the entire North Pacific,” Van Houtan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using robots that filtered seawater to capture particles smaller than 5 millimeters in size, they collected repeated samples at a range of depths, from just below the surface to 3,000 feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943012\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-800x492.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-768x473.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-1200x738.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both.jpg 1755w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute engineers spent considerable time and effort developing a device to collect and filter microplastic deep below the surface of Monterey Bay. \u003ccite>(Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In order for us to access these areas, we rely on robotics to do that work,” said Kakani Katija, an engineer with MBARI. “We were able to find microplastics even in the deep sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the plastic from the ocean is a real challenge, Katija said, adding that a solution might be to prevent more of it from polluting the water in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering legislation to phase out the sale and distribution of some plastics. The companion bills, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">AB 1080, \u003c/a> target a wide range of single-use plastics, such as utensils, containers, and other items that can’t be recycled. The bills \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942666/which-environmental-bills-made-it-to-the-next-legislative-round\">moved forward\u003c/a> in the Legislature last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t think of a dive that I’ve been on that I haven’t seen some form of plastic, whether it be plastic bottles, or plastic bags,” said Amanda Kahn, who studies deep sea sponges in Monterey Bay as a postdoctoral fellow for MBARI. “One time we saw a plastic lawn chair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Fuhs Fellow Jazmine Mejia Munoz contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_35","science_36","science_40","science_2873","science_98"],"tags":["science_3840","science_3370","science_3103","science_2698","science_3830"],"featImg":"science_1943010","label":"source_science_1943007"},"science_1930284":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1930284","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1930284","score":null,"sort":[1535063038000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-may-become-the-first-state-to-restrict-plastic-straws-in-restaurants","title":"California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants","publishDate":1535063038,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you want a plastic straw with your drink you may soon have to ask at California restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in the Assembly sent Gov. Jerry Brown a bill Thursday that would bar full-service restaurants from giving out straws unless customers request them. It wouldn’t ban straws outright.[contextly_sidebar id=”v9WdhyFJanDxkZ2XnkqaJp2xsyoqPFtV”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants would be warned for first and second violations and fined up to $300 per year for subsequent violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Ian Calderon of Whittier described the bill as a small step toward reducing plastic use and fighting ocean pollution. The measure would affect full-service restaurants and wouldn’t apply to fast food establishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Assemblywoman Melissa Melendez of Lake Elsinore says she doesn’t believe it will reduce pollution but will punish restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant industry doesn’t oppose the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission has recorded roughly 835,000 straws and stirrers picked up between 1988 and 2014 during beach cleanups, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-plastic-straw-limits-california-20180823-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the LA Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”yqZOmEOBCMbBg4YxHjib0asDXgXfT41t”]Plastic can take up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf\">500 years\u003c/a> to decompose and leaks toxins into the soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency\u003ca href=\"https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/01/31/what-happens-to-all-that-plastic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a> that Americans disposed of more than 33 million tons of plastic in 2014, most of which was not recycled.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Restaurants would be warned for first and second violations and fined up to $300 per year for subsequent violations. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927551,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":219},"headData":{"title":"California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants | KQED","description":"Restaurants would be warned for first and second violations and fined up to $300 per year for subsequent violations. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants","datePublished":"2018-08-23T22:23:58.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:59:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Sophia Bollag\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1930284/california-may-become-the-first-state-to-restrict-plastic-straws-in-restaurants","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you want a plastic straw with your drink you may soon have to ask at California restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in the Assembly sent Gov. Jerry Brown a bill Thursday that would bar full-service restaurants from giving out straws unless customers request them. It wouldn’t ban straws outright.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants would be warned for first and second violations and fined up to $300 per year for subsequent violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Ian Calderon of Whittier described the bill as a small step toward reducing plastic use and fighting ocean pollution. The measure would affect full-service restaurants and wouldn’t apply to fast food establishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Assemblywoman Melissa Melendez of Lake Elsinore says she doesn’t believe it will reduce pollution but will punish restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant industry doesn’t oppose the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission has recorded roughly 835,000 straws and stirrers picked up between 1988 and 2014 during beach cleanups, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-plastic-straw-limits-california-20180823-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the LA Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Plastic can take up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf\">500 years\u003c/a> to decompose and leaks toxins into the soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency\u003ca href=\"https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/01/31/what-happens-to-all-that-plastic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a> that Americans disposed of more than 33 million tons of plastic in 2014, most of which was not recycled.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1930284/california-may-become-the-first-state-to-restrict-plastic-straws-in-restaurants","authors":["byline_science_1930284"],"categories":["science_35","science_37","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_507","science_2688","science_3103","science_324","science_1189","science_554"],"featImg":"science_1930299","label":"source_science_1930284"},"science_1919768":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1919768","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1919768","score":null,"sort":[1518422493000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-drugged-oysters-to-birds-full-of-plastic-oceans-are-feeling-the-burden-of-pollution","title":"From Drugged Oysters to Birds Full of Plastic, Oceans Are Feeling the Burden of Pollution","publishDate":1518422493,"format":"audio","headTitle":"From Drugged Oysters to Birds Full of Plastic, Oceans Are Feeling the Burden of Pollution | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Traces of life on land are increasingly showing up in oceans and in ocean life. Scientists are finding a growing presence of pharmaceuticals, small pieces of plastic and household chemicals in the bodies of Pacific razor clams, Pacific oysters and remote seabirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For pharmaceuticals, there’s currently no federal guidelines in terms of what is a safe level of secondary consumption.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers from Portland State University and the University of Alaska Fairbanks are presenting some of their findings at the \u003ca href=\"https://osm.agu.org/2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting\u003c/a> in Portland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7CY6SSvMnQzvNIOZjCIwJrtkaPTkKA8S”]KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with two of the presenting scientists prior to the \u003ca href=\"https://osm.agu.org/2018/media-center/press-conferences/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monday press conference\u003c/a>: Elise Granek, professor at PSU and Veronica Padula, from the University of Alaska Fairbanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Dr. Granek, you and your students are looking for pollution from land, in sea life. What are you finding?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: We are finding antibiotics, anti-fungal agents, and a chemical that’s used in detergents and counter cleaners and paints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Is this popping up in all sea life? Or does it matter where the sea life is?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: We are finding that for the pharmaceuticals, it does matter where they are. We see those compounds in oysters that we’ve transplanted to locations that are close to waste water treatment plant outfall pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919779\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919779 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Two women bend over bags of oysters on a tidal flat.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portland State researchers Amy Ehrhart (left) and Ashley Vizek place a rack with bags of juvenile oysters on a mudflat in the Coos Bay estuary in Oregon in July 2016. These oysters were left in the field for one year and then taken back to a lab to be analyzed for pharmaceutical contaminants. \u003ccite>(Amy Ehrhart)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What about the household chemicals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: As for the surfactants that we’re finding, it doesn’t seem to matter as much where the oysters have been transplanted. They seem to be so wide spread because they’re used in industrial and household applications, again in cleaners, in paints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Are levels of these chemicals high enough to harm humans, if we eat these animals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: That is a great question, and one that we really don’t know the answer to. For pharmaceuticals, there’s currently no federal guidelines in terms of what is a safe level of consumption, both for pharmaceuticals and for these surfactants. They are not regulated the way chemicals like lead or mercury are regulated, with set federal guidelines of safe levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Do you think what you found, applies to the California coast as well?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: Yes. There has been some research in California, so we know that there are some pharmaceuticals, and some of these surfactants in animals in the ocean in California. In addition, because the California coast is much more developed and has a much higher human population, there’s likely much higher use of pharmaceuticals, and therefore higher levels of pharmaceuticals along the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Watt: I imagine that a lot of people along the California coast are going to want to know what they can do to help address this issue. What are your suggestions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: It’s really important for folks to properly dispose of their pharmaceuticals. Flushing pharmaceuticals down the toilet or down the sink, is a pathway for those pharmaceuticals to enter the marine environment. Instead, we would encourage folks to use drop boxes at pharmacies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919784\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 421px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919784 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release.jpg\" alt=\"A woman releases a bird over the ocean\" width=\"421\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release.jpg 421w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release-375x249.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veronica Padula releases a thick-billed murre on St. Paul Island in 2016. \u003ccite>(Naomi Bargmann)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: It’s not just drugs that are showing up in ocean life, plastics have reached even the most remote regions of the baring sea between Alaska and Russia. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Veronica Padula is a researcher at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks. As part of her work, she studies the stomach contents of seabirds. First of all, let me ask you why, and what do you find in there?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”yc6lhN1F9EeoDyEjq1iywPab6QnQYH0F”]Padula: We look at the stomach contents of seabirds because we are working on trying to figure out why populations in the Aleutian Islands are declining, and we want to know what they’re eating beside food. In some cases, we are finding things that are not food like small pieces of plastic, which came as a surprise for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: I assume this is a problem for birds to eat plastic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”QkZumoKAJNtQ4vPBJBPS9THwzXoTh0YC”]Padula: It is a problem. Bigger birds that are eating larger pieces of plastic, can actually end up starving to death. Smaller birds that are eating smaller pieces of plastic, might not starve to death but are getting exposed to harmful chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Does this hold true for birds in California too?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padula: Yes, almost globally seabirds are susceptible to plastic ingestion. Seabirds along California are equally susceptible to confusing plastic for food, and consuming it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What can people do to help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padula: People can do lots of things to help. One of the biggest ways is to use fewer single use plastic items. Things like: bottles that are made of plastic, plastic bags, straws, utensils, coffee cups. If you can find a way to have a reusable item for any of those, that’s a huge step in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Locate a prescription drug \u003ca href=\"http://rxdrugdropbox.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drop box near you\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Signs of our life on land, pharmaceutical medications, bits of plastic and household chemicals, are increasingly being found in ocean life. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928205,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":887},"headData":{"title":"From Drugged Oysters to Birds Full of Plastic, Oceans Are Feeling the Burden of Pollution | KQED","description":"Signs of our life on land, pharmaceutical medications, bits of plastic and household chemicals, are increasingly being found in ocean life. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Drugged Oysters to Birds Full of Plastic, Oceans Are Feeling the Burden of Pollution","datePublished":"2018-02-12T08:01:33.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:10:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/02/DruggedOysters2wayFORWEB.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1919768/from-drugged-oysters-to-birds-full-of-plastic-oceans-are-feeling-the-burden-of-pollution","audioDuration":325000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Traces of life on land are increasingly showing up in oceans and in ocean life. Scientists are finding a growing presence of pharmaceuticals, small pieces of plastic and household chemicals in the bodies of Pacific razor clams, Pacific oysters and remote seabirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For pharmaceuticals, there’s currently no federal guidelines in terms of what is a safe level of secondary consumption.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers from Portland State University and the University of Alaska Fairbanks are presenting some of their findings at the \u003ca href=\"https://osm.agu.org/2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting\u003c/a> in Portland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with two of the presenting scientists prior to the \u003ca href=\"https://osm.agu.org/2018/media-center/press-conferences/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monday press conference\u003c/a>: Elise Granek, professor at PSU and Veronica Padula, from the University of Alaska Fairbanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Dr. Granek, you and your students are looking for pollution from land, in sea life. What are you finding?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: We are finding antibiotics, anti-fungal agents, and a chemical that’s used in detergents and counter cleaners and paints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Is this popping up in all sea life? Or does it matter where the sea life is?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: We are finding that for the pharmaceuticals, it does matter where they are. We see those compounds in oysters that we’ve transplanted to locations that are close to waste water treatment plant outfall pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919779\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919779 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Two women bend over bags of oysters on a tidal flat.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Photo-A-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portland State researchers Amy Ehrhart (left) and Ashley Vizek place a rack with bags of juvenile oysters on a mudflat in the Coos Bay estuary in Oregon in July 2016. These oysters were left in the field for one year and then taken back to a lab to be analyzed for pharmaceutical contaminants. \u003ccite>(Amy Ehrhart)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What about the household chemicals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: As for the surfactants that we’re finding, it doesn’t seem to matter as much where the oysters have been transplanted. They seem to be so wide spread because they’re used in industrial and household applications, again in cleaners, in paints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Are levels of these chemicals high enough to harm humans, if we eat these animals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: That is a great question, and one that we really don’t know the answer to. For pharmaceuticals, there’s currently no federal guidelines in terms of what is a safe level of consumption, both for pharmaceuticals and for these surfactants. They are not regulated the way chemicals like lead or mercury are regulated, with set federal guidelines of safe levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Do you think what you found, applies to the California coast as well?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: Yes. There has been some research in California, so we know that there are some pharmaceuticals, and some of these surfactants in animals in the ocean in California. In addition, because the California coast is much more developed and has a much higher human population, there’s likely much higher use of pharmaceuticals, and therefore higher levels of pharmaceuticals along the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Watt: I imagine that a lot of people along the California coast are going to want to know what they can do to help address this issue. What are your suggestions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek: It’s really important for folks to properly dispose of their pharmaceuticals. Flushing pharmaceuticals down the toilet or down the sink, is a pathway for those pharmaceuticals to enter the marine environment. Instead, we would encourage folks to use drop boxes at pharmacies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919784\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 421px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919784 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release.jpg\" alt=\"A woman releases a bird over the ocean\" width=\"421\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release.jpg 421w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/bird-release-375x249.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veronica Padula releases a thick-billed murre on St. Paul Island in 2016. \u003ccite>(Naomi Bargmann)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: It’s not just drugs that are showing up in ocean life, plastics have reached even the most remote regions of the baring sea between Alaska and Russia. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Veronica Padula is a researcher at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks. As part of her work, she studies the stomach contents of seabirds. First of all, let me ask you why, and what do you find in there?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Padula: We look at the stomach contents of seabirds because we are working on trying to figure out why populations in the Aleutian Islands are declining, and we want to know what they’re eating beside food. In some cases, we are finding things that are not food like small pieces of plastic, which came as a surprise for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: I assume this is a problem for birds to eat plastic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Padula: It is a problem. Bigger birds that are eating larger pieces of plastic, can actually end up starving to death. Smaller birds that are eating smaller pieces of plastic, might not starve to death but are getting exposed to harmful chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Does this hold true for birds in California too?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padula: Yes, almost globally seabirds are susceptible to plastic ingestion. Seabirds along California are equally susceptible to confusing plastic for food, and consuming it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What can people do to help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padula: People can do lots of things to help. One of the biggest ways is to use fewer single use plastic items. Things like: bottles that are made of plastic, plastic bags, straws, utensils, coffee cups. If you can find a way to have a reusable item for any of those, that’s a huge step in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Locate a prescription drug \u003ca href=\"http://rxdrugdropbox.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drop box near you\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1919768/from-drugged-oysters-to-birds-full-of-plastic-oceans-are-feeling-the-burden-of-pollution","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_29","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_163","science_3103","science_813","science_843","science_554"],"featImg":"science_1919782","label":"science"},"science_1915692":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1915692","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1915692","score":null,"sort":[1506022167000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hunting-for-plastic-in-californias-protected-ocean-waters","title":"Hunting for Plastic in California's Protected Ocean Waters","publishDate":1506022167,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Hunting for Plastic in California’s Protected Ocean Waters | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">C\u003c/span>alifornia’s marine sanctuaries protect ocean animals from fishing, underwater mining, and drilling. Yet scientists think a more insidious agent may be contaminating their territory: microplastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microplastics include both microbeads—tiny plastic beads used as exfoliants in healthcare products—and minuscule synthetic fibers from clothing that are smaller than 5 millimeters.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s kind of a disaster.’\u003ccite>Carolynn Box, 5 Gyres\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Congress and the California legislature passed laws banning the sale of cosmetic products that contain microbeads. But the state ban doesn’t take effect until 2020. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1321\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal ban\u003c/a>, which covers all states including California, doesn’t take full effect until July 1, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these microplastics, which are too small for water systems to catch, have continued to flow straight into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a disaster,” says Carolynn Box, science programs director with \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">5 Gyres\u003c/a>, a non-profit funding ocean trash research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/microplasticfacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pilot study\u003c/a> last year, conducted as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/projects/microplastic-pollution#sthash.HVX6YVS4.dpbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SF Bay Microplastic Project\u003c/a>, found that wastewater treatment plants were discharging 7,000,000 particles each day into the San Francisco Bay. The sheer load of these particles, both plastics and non-plastics, “suggested that San Francisco Bay has more microplastic pollution than other major water bodies in the U.S.,” the study said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915745\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4240px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4240\" height=\"2832\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg 4240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4240px) 100vw, 4240px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Sedlak from the San Francisco Estuary Institute holds a net attached to a manta trawl above the water in prep for ocean sampling. \u003ccite>(Plus M Productions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5522e85be4b0b65a7c78ac96/t/589e21c446c3c44d7457cf77/1486758342325/SFEI+5Gyres+News+Release2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">next phase\u003c/a> of the Microplastic Project is to make a more conclusive measurement of how much microplastic is in the Bay and where it travels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We honestly don’t know where they’re going,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/users/meg-sedlak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Meg Sedlak\u003c/a>, a senior program manager with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>. “We aspire to address that with our modeling.” The Institute is a nonprofit research center focused on the Bay, Delta and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Sedlak and her team, along with 5 \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gyres,\u003c/a> used a large\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>trawl fitted with a net to collect surface water near the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sample contained clumps of eel grass and small bits of debris, which will be sent to a \u003ca href=\"https://rochmanlab.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of Toronto lab \u003c/a>for analysis. The crew also dropped a sensor into the water to measure ocean currents to figure out where the debris might be traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”KhJDXjPxY1Ag5WKbFUawRHXRbeCQssWg”]The researchers suspect particles are drifting into Northern California’s three national marine sanctuaries and could be affecting marine life there. They tested \u003ca href=\"https://farallones.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Greater Farallones\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cordell Bank\u003c/a> this summer and will test \u003ca href=\"https://montereybay.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary \u003c/a>in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still don’t know where 99 percent of all trash flowing into the ocean is going. Less than 1 percent ends up in large swirling ocean currents called gyres, which include the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/garbagepatch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marine debris, especially\u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/sb-1287-mcguire-crab-gear-retrieval-act/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> derelict fishing gear\u003c/a>, can be removed, but microplastics are much too small to clean up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a problem because plastic absorbs toxic chemicals like a sponge. Studies show harmful chemicals attached to plastic are moving up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a significant amount of trash being found in fish around the world,” says Box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915779\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 395px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915779 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-375x280.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fragments retrieved after a 30 minute surface water sample near the Bay Bridge on September 18, 2017. \u003ccite>(Karin North/City of Palo Alto)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That could affect human health if people are eating those fish. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/oysters-with-a-side-of-microplastic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new study\u003c/a> by Vancouver Island University, students planted clams and oysters along the coast of British Columbia, tested them three months later, and found they contained tiny plastic particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California scientists will get results, including a chemical analysis of microscopic particles from the Bay, next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before then, they’ll sample a total of\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">16 sites inside San Francisco Bay and 12 sites inside Cordell Bank, Greater Farallones and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries. They’ll collect debris after extreme tide events and heavy winter rains this year, in an effort to determine how the plastic pieces are moving between the Bay and the Pacific Ocean. \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sedlak says, fortunately, the public is more clued-in to microplastics than they were 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“By informing people about plastics getting into the ocean—like we saw with the ban—we can see a difference,” says Sedlak. “I’m hopeful.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Microscopic pieces of plastic are polluting the Bay and researchers want to know how much is there and whether it's polluting marine sanctuaries.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928375,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":780},"headData":{"title":"Hunting for Plastic in California's Protected Ocean Waters | KQED","description":"Microscopic pieces of plastic are polluting the Bay and researchers want to know how much is there and whether it's polluting marine sanctuaries.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Hunting for Plastic in California's Protected Ocean Waters","datePublished":"2017-09-21T19:29:27.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:12:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Oceans","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/09/Microplastics.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1915692/hunting-for-plastic-in-californias-protected-ocean-waters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">C\u003c/span>alifornia’s marine sanctuaries protect ocean animals from fishing, underwater mining, and drilling. Yet scientists think a more insidious agent may be contaminating their territory: microplastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microplastics include both microbeads—tiny plastic beads used as exfoliants in healthcare products—and minuscule synthetic fibers from clothing that are smaller than 5 millimeters.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s kind of a disaster.’\u003ccite>Carolynn Box, 5 Gyres\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Congress and the California legislature passed laws banning the sale of cosmetic products that contain microbeads. But the state ban doesn’t take effect until 2020. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1321\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal ban\u003c/a>, which covers all states including California, doesn’t take full effect until July 1, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these microplastics, which are too small for water systems to catch, have continued to flow straight into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a disaster,” says Carolynn Box, science programs director with \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">5 Gyres\u003c/a>, a non-profit funding ocean trash research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/microplasticfacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pilot study\u003c/a> last year, conducted as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/projects/microplastic-pollution#sthash.HVX6YVS4.dpbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SF Bay Microplastic Project\u003c/a>, found that wastewater treatment plants were discharging 7,000,000 particles each day into the San Francisco Bay. The sheer load of these particles, both plastics and non-plastics, “suggested that San Francisco Bay has more microplastic pollution than other major water bodies in the U.S.,” the study said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915745\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4240px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4240\" height=\"2832\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg 4240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4240px) 100vw, 4240px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Sedlak from the San Francisco Estuary Institute holds a net attached to a manta trawl above the water in prep for ocean sampling. \u003ccite>(Plus M Productions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5522e85be4b0b65a7c78ac96/t/589e21c446c3c44d7457cf77/1486758342325/SFEI+5Gyres+News+Release2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">next phase\u003c/a> of the Microplastic Project is to make a more conclusive measurement of how much microplastic is in the Bay and where it travels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We honestly don’t know where they’re going,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/users/meg-sedlak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Meg Sedlak\u003c/a>, a senior program manager with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>. “We aspire to address that with our modeling.” The Institute is a nonprofit research center focused on the Bay, Delta and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Sedlak and her team, along with 5 \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gyres,\u003c/a> used a large\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>trawl fitted with a net to collect surface water near the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sample contained clumps of eel grass and small bits of debris, which will be sent to a \u003ca href=\"https://rochmanlab.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of Toronto lab \u003c/a>for analysis. The crew also dropped a sensor into the water to measure ocean currents to figure out where the debris might be traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The researchers suspect particles are drifting into Northern California’s three national marine sanctuaries and could be affecting marine life there. They tested \u003ca href=\"https://farallones.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Greater Farallones\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cordell Bank\u003c/a> this summer and will test \u003ca href=\"https://montereybay.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary \u003c/a>in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still don’t know where 99 percent of all trash flowing into the ocean is going. Less than 1 percent ends up in large swirling ocean currents called gyres, which include the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/garbagepatch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marine debris, especially\u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/sb-1287-mcguire-crab-gear-retrieval-act/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> derelict fishing gear\u003c/a>, can be removed, but microplastics are much too small to clean up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a problem because plastic absorbs toxic chemicals like a sponge. Studies show harmful chemicals attached to plastic are moving up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a significant amount of trash being found in fish around the world,” says Box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915779\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 395px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915779 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-375x280.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fragments retrieved after a 30 minute surface water sample near the Bay Bridge on September 18, 2017. \u003ccite>(Karin North/City of Palo Alto)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That could affect human health if people are eating those fish. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/oysters-with-a-side-of-microplastic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new study\u003c/a> by Vancouver Island University, students planted clams and oysters along the coast of British Columbia, tested them three months later, and found they contained tiny plastic particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California scientists will get results, including a chemical analysis of microscopic particles from the Bay, next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before then, they’ll sample a total of\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">16 sites inside San Francisco Bay and 12 sites inside Cordell Bank, Greater Farallones and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries. They’ll collect debris after extreme tide events and heavy winter rains this year, in an effort to determine how the plastic pieces are moving between the Bay and the Pacific Ocean. \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sedlak says, fortunately, the public is more clued-in to microplastics than they were 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“By informing people about plastics getting into the ocean—like we saw with the ban—we can see a difference,” says Sedlak. “I’m hopeful.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1915692/hunting-for-plastic-in-californias-protected-ocean-waters","authors":["5432"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_2873","science_3423","science_98"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3103"],"featImg":"science_1915848","label":"source_science_1915692"},"science_882103":{"type":"posts","id":"science_882103","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"882103","score":null,"sort":[1470159023000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"microfibers-how-the-tiny-threads-in-our-clothes-are-polluting-the-bay","title":"Microfibers: How the Tiny Threads in Our Clothes Are Polluting the Bay","publishDate":1470159023,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Microfibers: How the Tiny Threads in Our Clothes Are Polluting the Bay | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>One of the major sources of microplastic pollution in the San Francisco Bay comes from something you might not expect: our laundry. Turns out, our clothes shed thousands of fibers every time they’re washed. And in our synthetic clothes, those fibers are made of plastic. They slough off of the fleece jackets, athletic clothes, and even jeggings that make life in this land of microclimates a little more comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These fibers are a bit longer, and they’re loopy, and they can get caught in the digestive tract or in the stomach. They can cause an animal to starve or stop eating.’\u003ccite>Chelsea Rochman, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Microplastics—which are plastic fragments, pellets, and films smaller than 0.2 inches—raise concerns because they become a magnet for the chemicals that linger in our water: pesticides, flame retardants, even the DDT that was banned decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best-known culprit, the plastic microbead found in personal care products, has been banned—first in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/08/governor-signs-23-enviro-bills-including-microbead-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California\u003c/a> and New York, and then federally in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/23/science/ban-on-microbeads-proves-easy-to-pass-through-pipeline.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">impressively swift time period\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But microfibers present a unique threat, and the solution is far less clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tiny, Contaminated Ropes\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay tested the effluent of eight wastewater treatment plants last year and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/microplasticfacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> that 80 percent of the microplastics and other microscopic particles were fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear what proportion of these fibers were synthetic or natural—synthetic fibers like polyester or acrylic are categorized as “microplastics” and, like other microplastics, do not break down in the water. But, plastic or not, the microfibers are a cause for concern. Once they enter the water, they can absorb chemicals and might work their way up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ba2ASsZ8eqj98efYVzXMGyqbwXXXxZdW”]Most of the animals in the water are tiny. They also evolved in a world where they haven’t had to distinguish between a nutritious piece of plankton and a contaminant-laden plastic pellet. These animals mistake small manmade particles for food, potentially allowing contaminants to accumulate as they make their way from the base of the food web to the apex predator: humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the fibers are, indeed, working their way into our marine food chain. When UC Davis researchers looked into the guts of fish from a market in Half Moon Bay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/srep14340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they found\u003c/a> that 25 percent of the fish were carrying\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>manmade debris; fibers made up 80 percent of this debris. Fibers were also found in one-third of the oysters the researchers studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microfibers are unique among marine debris for two reasons. The first is their shape; most microplastics exist as small spheres or fragments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fibers are a bit longer, and they’re loopy, and they can get caught in the digestive tract or in the stomach,” says Chelsea Rochman, the lead scientist behind the UC Davis study. “They can cause an animal to starve or stop eating, or can actually loop around the organ.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about the large sources of plastic pollution you hear about—the buoys, nets, or fishing lines that entangle sea turtles or whales. Microfibers are essentially the shrunken-down version of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you could say a whale with a big rope isn’t that different from plankton with a small fiber,” Rochman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884447\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884447 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic fibers are released from synthetic clothes every time they are washed, and likely make their way into the marine food web.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-1920x1285.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastic fibers are released from synthetic clothes every time they are washed, and likely make their way into the marine food web. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second unique trait of fibers is their history. Clothes are often treated with chemicals throughout the manufacturing process. When their fibers enter our waterways, they attract the water’s long-lingering chemicals on top of the chemicals they arrived with. This might sound like a lot for one little thread to handle, but its surface-area-to-mass ratio makes it really good at absorbing things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are These Fibers Coming From?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are tied to synthetic clothing, says Stiv Wilson of the \u003ca href=\"http://storyofstuff.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Story of Stuff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go to Marin and look at 90 percent of people dressed there, they’re wearing active clothing meant for sports or that sort of thing,” Wilson says. “These are all polluting textiles, essentially, and it’s really hard for manufacturers to find a replacement because of the performance attributes of the fabric itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Are the toxins leaching out in the gut and getting into the flesh of the fish? And are they getting in in high enough concentrations that they’re a human health risk?\u003ccite>Susan Williams, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Every time a fleece jacket is washed, it releases hundreds, if not thousands, of fibers. The amount of plastic released by the laundering of 100,000 fleece jackets is equivalent to up to 11,900 plastic grocery bags, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://brenmicroplastics.weebly.com/project-findings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> from the UC Santa Barbara Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, commissioned by Patagonia itself earlier this summer. And standard washing machines don’t have filters to catch these fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they escape from our laundry, the tiny, mobile threads work their way to our wastewater treatment plants. Here is where the journey becomes unclear, and where wastewater treatment agencies are working to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the fibers might be captured by current methods. But this might create a problem in itself, says Wilson, in cases when the solid material that is separated out during treatment gets applied to the land as fertilizers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re also looking at corrupting soil,” he says, “and eventually creating fiber runoff into watersheds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Threading Together a Solution\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patagonia was the first company to take a look at its own manufacturing practices in response to microfiber pollution. After commissioning the UC Santa Barbara study, the company informed its customers about the issue in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.patagonia.com/blog/2016/06/what-do-we-know-about-tiny-plastic-fibers-in-the-ocean/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post\u003c/a> last month. One of the results presents an interesting conundrum to the company; Patagonia has encouraged customers to use their items for as long as possible, but older jackets were shown to shed more fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_883907\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-883907 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Fleece jackets release thousands of plastic fibers that, unlike plastic bags or bottles, are small enough for most animals to eat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fleece jackets release thousands of plastic fibers that, unlike plastic bags or bottles, are small enough for most animals to eat. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company did find one straightforward solution: front-loading washing machines shed less fibers than top-loading. Chelsea Rochman echoed this, recommending that concerned consumers use front-loading machines, wash synthetic clothes less often, and encourage appliance manufacturers to put a filter on washing machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area wastewater treatment plants are now focused on understanding the extent of the microfiber loads. “This is a stepwise type of effort to figure out—very importantly—what are the loads, where are the loads coming from, how detrimental are the loads?” says David Williams of the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies (BACWA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also don’t know whether there’s an actual risk to humans. The UC Davis study found fibers in oysters, which we eat whole. But the only part of the fish they examined was the digestive system—not a part that Californians generally eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are the toxins leaching out in the gut and getting into the flesh of the fish?” asks Susan Williams, another UC Davis researcher. “And are they getting in in high enough concentrations that they’re a human health risk?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One first step, says David Williams, is to understand just how many of the fibers found in the Bay are, in fact, synthetic. BACWA’s lab team has “been working for several months now on developing more robust protocols” in order to make the distinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day,” he says, “everyone is on the same page about keeping our Bay clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if it means taking a long, hard look at our layers.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The ban on microbeads targeted one type of plastic pollution, but microfibers can't be cleaned up by a simple ban.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929828,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1342},"headData":{"title":"Microfibers: How the Tiny Threads in Our Clothes Are Polluting the Bay | KQED","description":"The ban on microbeads targeted one type of plastic pollution, but microfibers can't be cleaned up by a simple ban.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Microfibers: How the Tiny Threads in Our Clothes Are Polluting the Bay","datePublished":"2016-08-02T17:30:23.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:37:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/882103/microfibers-how-the-tiny-threads-in-our-clothes-are-polluting-the-bay","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the major sources of microplastic pollution in the San Francisco Bay comes from something you might not expect: our laundry. Turns out, our clothes shed thousands of fibers every time they’re washed. And in our synthetic clothes, those fibers are made of plastic. They slough off of the fleece jackets, athletic clothes, and even jeggings that make life in this land of microclimates a little more comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These fibers are a bit longer, and they’re loopy, and they can get caught in the digestive tract or in the stomach. They can cause an animal to starve or stop eating.’\u003ccite>Chelsea Rochman, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Microplastics—which are plastic fragments, pellets, and films smaller than 0.2 inches—raise concerns because they become a magnet for the chemicals that linger in our water: pesticides, flame retardants, even the DDT that was banned decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best-known culprit, the plastic microbead found in personal care products, has been banned—first in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/08/governor-signs-23-enviro-bills-including-microbead-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California\u003c/a> and New York, and then federally in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/23/science/ban-on-microbeads-proves-easy-to-pass-through-pipeline.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">impressively swift time period\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But microfibers present a unique threat, and the solution is far less clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tiny, Contaminated Ropes\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay tested the effluent of eight wastewater treatment plants last year and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/microplasticfacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> that 80 percent of the microplastics and other microscopic particles were fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear what proportion of these fibers were synthetic or natural—synthetic fibers like polyester or acrylic are categorized as “microplastics” and, like other microplastics, do not break down in the water. But, plastic or not, the microfibers are a cause for concern. Once they enter the water, they can absorb chemicals and might work their way up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Most of the animals in the water are tiny. They also evolved in a world where they haven’t had to distinguish between a nutritious piece of plankton and a contaminant-laden plastic pellet. These animals mistake small manmade particles for food, potentially allowing contaminants to accumulate as they make their way from the base of the food web to the apex predator: humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the fibers are, indeed, working their way into our marine food chain. When UC Davis researchers looked into the guts of fish from a market in Half Moon Bay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/srep14340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they found\u003c/a> that 25 percent of the fish were carrying\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>manmade debris; fibers made up 80 percent of this debris. Fibers were also found in one-third of the oysters the researchers studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microfibers are unique among marine debris for two reasons. The first is their shape; most microplastics exist as small spheres or fragments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fibers are a bit longer, and they’re loopy, and they can get caught in the digestive tract or in the stomach,” says Chelsea Rochman, the lead scientist behind the UC Davis study. “They can cause an animal to starve or stop eating, or can actually loop around the organ.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about the large sources of plastic pollution you hear about—the buoys, nets, or fishing lines that entangle sea turtles or whales. Microfibers are essentially the shrunken-down version of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you could say a whale with a big rope isn’t that different from plankton with a small fiber,” Rochman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884447\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884447 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic fibers are released from synthetic clothes every time they are washed, and likely make their way into the marine food web.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-1920x1285.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_12769961_LARGE-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastic fibers are released from synthetic clothes every time they are washed, and likely make their way into the marine food web. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second unique trait of fibers is their history. Clothes are often treated with chemicals throughout the manufacturing process. When their fibers enter our waterways, they attract the water’s long-lingering chemicals on top of the chemicals they arrived with. This might sound like a lot for one little thread to handle, but its surface-area-to-mass ratio makes it really good at absorbing things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are These Fibers Coming From?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are tied to synthetic clothing, says Stiv Wilson of the \u003ca href=\"http://storyofstuff.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Story of Stuff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go to Marin and look at 90 percent of people dressed there, they’re wearing active clothing meant for sports or that sort of thing,” Wilson says. “These are all polluting textiles, essentially, and it’s really hard for manufacturers to find a replacement because of the performance attributes of the fabric itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Are the toxins leaching out in the gut and getting into the flesh of the fish? And are they getting in in high enough concentrations that they’re a human health risk?\u003ccite>Susan Williams, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Every time a fleece jacket is washed, it releases hundreds, if not thousands, of fibers. The amount of plastic released by the laundering of 100,000 fleece jackets is equivalent to up to 11,900 plastic grocery bags, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://brenmicroplastics.weebly.com/project-findings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> from the UC Santa Barbara Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, commissioned by Patagonia itself earlier this summer. And standard washing machines don’t have filters to catch these fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they escape from our laundry, the tiny, mobile threads work their way to our wastewater treatment plants. Here is where the journey becomes unclear, and where wastewater treatment agencies are working to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the fibers might be captured by current methods. But this might create a problem in itself, says Wilson, in cases when the solid material that is separated out during treatment gets applied to the land as fertilizers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re also looking at corrupting soil,” he says, “and eventually creating fiber runoff into watersheds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Threading Together a Solution\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patagonia was the first company to take a look at its own manufacturing practices in response to microfiber pollution. After commissioning the UC Santa Barbara study, the company informed its customers about the issue in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.patagonia.com/blog/2016/06/what-do-we-know-about-tiny-plastic-fibers-in-the-ocean/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post\u003c/a> last month. One of the results presents an interesting conundrum to the company; Patagonia has encouraged customers to use their items for as long as possible, but older jackets were shown to shed more fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_883907\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-883907 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Fleece jackets release thousands of plastic fibers that, unlike plastic bags or bottles, are small enough for most animals to eat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock_57061838_XXLARGE-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fleece jackets release thousands of plastic fibers that, unlike plastic bags or bottles, are small enough for most animals to eat. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company did find one straightforward solution: front-loading washing machines shed less fibers than top-loading. Chelsea Rochman echoed this, recommending that concerned consumers use front-loading machines, wash synthetic clothes less often, and encourage appliance manufacturers to put a filter on washing machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area wastewater treatment plants are now focused on understanding the extent of the microfiber loads. “This is a stepwise type of effort to figure out—very importantly—what are the loads, where are the loads coming from, how detrimental are the loads?” says David Williams of the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies (BACWA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also don’t know whether there’s an actual risk to humans. The UC Davis study found fibers in oysters, which we eat whole. But the only part of the fish they examined was the digestive system—not a part that Californians generally eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are the toxins leaching out in the gut and getting into the flesh of the fish?” asks Susan Williams, another UC Davis researcher. “And are they getting in in high enough concentrations that they’re a human health risk?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One first step, says David Williams, is to understand just how many of the fibers found in the Bay are, in fact, synthetic. BACWA’s lab team has “been working for several months now on developing more robust protocols” in order to make the distinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day,” he says, “everyone is on the same page about keeping our Bay clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if it means taking a long, hard look at our layers.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/882103/microfibers-how-the-tiny-threads-in-our-clothes-are-polluting-the-bay","authors":["11254"],"categories":["science_30","science_29","science_35","science_2873"],"tags":["science_3103","science_843","science_554"],"featImg":"science_882216","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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