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Prior to KQED, she was an editor with \u003cem>Crosscurrents\u003c/em> at KALW Radio in San Francisco. As a freelance reporter, she has filed stories for \u003cem>The California Report, Marketplace, Nautilus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The New York Times Magazine.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\nPrior to her work in radio, Julia was an environmental reporter for the \u003cem>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/em> and Bay Area News Group, where her work was recognized with awards from the California Newspaper Publishers Association and the Society of Professional Journalists. Her radio honors include awards and citations from the Sony Radio Academy Awards and the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association.\r\n\r\nJulia hails from Montreal, Canada and lives in Oakland. She is the editor of the humor collection\u003cem> DRIVEL: Deliciously Bad Writing by Your Favorite Authors.\u003c/em>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"juliascribe","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"arts","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Julia Scott | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jscott"},"aahmed":{"type":"authors","id":"11428","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11428","found":true},"name":"Amel Ahmed","firstName":"Amel","lastName":"Ahmed","slug":"aahmed","email":"aahmed@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"amelscript","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amel Ahmed | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aahmed"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1932894":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932894","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932894","score":null,"sort":[1539707809000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trump-administration-eyes-west-coast-as-transit-point-for-coal-exports","title":"Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports","publishDate":1539707809,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of U.S. coal and natural gas to Asia, as officials seek to bolster the domestic energy industry and circumvent environmental opposition to fossil fuel exports.[contextly_sidebar id=”HLFT3mMJBwwrOznEAKSusXIYv23zeA3V”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal was described to The Associated Press by Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke and two Republican lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would advance the administration’s agenda of establishing American “energy dominance” on the world stage and underscores a willingness to intervene in markets to make that happen. It’s also tantamount to an end-run around West Coast officials who have rejected private-sector efforts to build new coal ports in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Democratic senator from Oregon and environmentalists blasted the proposal as undercutting local communities opposed to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The Associated Press, Zinke cast it as a matter of national security to ensure U.S. allies have access to affordable fuels. The Trump administration also has cited national security as justification for keeping domestic coal-burning power plants online to prevent disruptions of electricity supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear which sites are under consideration other than one in Alaska. Experts said the possibilities are constrained by the need for a deep water port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said the administration is interested in partnering with private entities to ship coal or liquefied natural gas through naval installations or other federal facilities. He added it’s still early in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I respect the state of Washington and Oregon and California,” Zinke said. “But also, it’s in our interest for national security and our allies to make sure that they have access to affordable energy commodities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accomplishing that, he said, may require the use of “some of our naval facilities, some of our federal facilities on the West Coast.”[contextly_sidebar id=”MZZ7tbY6HfMQTYGBpVoala32jlCIvCVO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke specified only one site that could serve as an export hub, for natural gas: the former Adak Naval Air Facility in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, which he suggested could receive fuel by barge from the North Slope. The base closed in 1997 and has been largely abandoned. Roughly 300 people live in the town of Adak, the westernmost community in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke did not reveal government properties that could serve as potential coal ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden said the Trump administration was “disregarding the realities around climate change” and “trampling on local communities” that have rejected prior port proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal government should be doing more to invest in clean, renewable energy, not threatening the health and safety of Oregonians by propping up dirty energy investors,” the Democratic lawmaker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups including the Sierra Club and Northern Plains Resource Council also voiced opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The military is not a roving force to do whatever Trump finds politically expedient,” said Jan Hasselman, an attorney for opponents of a stalled coal port in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exports have been held up as a lifeline for struggling domestic coal miners since demand for the fuel started to wane a decade ago, when many power plants switched to cheaper, cleaner fuels. The West Coast offers the most economical route for shipments to Asia because of its relative proximity to the largest coal-producing region in the U.S.: the Powder River Basin, which straddles the Montana-Wyoming border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any export site would need access to deep waters to accommodate large ships and enough land to store fuel awaiting shipment. Few such locations can be found on the West Coast, said Joe Aldina, a coal industry analyst with S&P Global Platts Analytics.[contextly_sidebar id=”06XqO8w46Yx4b81CQwVMvMHoe3ZNJSpl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. coal export market booming in recent months, Aldina said any new port established by the government would quickly fill with coal for shipment overseas. Yet with demand expected to fall over the long-term, particularly in Europe, the current high prices for coal are expected to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldina expressed skepticism that government intervention could make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like everything else the Trump administration has tried to do, it’s a long shot whether some of these things will work, and it’s questionable whether they will really help the market,” he said, adding prices and fuel quality are the main drivers of coal markets, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance to exports — rooted in worries about air pollution, climate change and rail safety — and changing market conditions have resulted in six proposed coal ports in Washington and Oregon being rejected or shelved. A $680 million project in Longview, Washington, was denied a key permit last year by state regulators who said it would increase greenhouse gas emissions and cause “significant and unavoidable harm to the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s brought a backlash from elected officials in coal-producing states, who have blasted Washington Gov. Jay Inslee in particular. They argue the rejection of the Longview port, sponsored by Utah-based Lighthouse Resources, violated the commerce clause in the Constitution that says only Congress has the power to regulate international and interstate trade.Montana, Wyoming and four other states joined Lighthouse Resources in a lawsuit challenging the rejection of the company’s Millennium Bulk Terminals port, which could handle up to 48.5 million tons (44 million metric tons) of coal a year.Rep. Liz Cheney, a Wyoming Republican, said she’s spoken with Zinke and U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry about using federal facilities to circumvent opposition to proposed ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That might be, for example, retired military facilities or other places where we would be able to use those for exports — frankly, to get around some of the unreasonable obstacles that have been thrown up,” Cheney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to joining Trump’s cabinet, Zinke was a Montana congressman and Perry was governor of Texas. Both states are among the United States’ top coal producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross also was involved in the proposal.[contextly_sidebar id=”xd1psNfHt0LPuLCmnPpm1HoL9GmoVxL0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Department officials said in a statement that the agency was working with the Interior and Energy Departments “to advance the Administration’s export agenda, and this is one such effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy Department officials declined comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican U.S. Sen. Steve Daines of Montana said Zinke was looking at “all possibilities” for export terminals, including West Coast military installations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a Montanan, he’s looking for ways here to help these Rocky Mountain states like Montana and Wyoming get access to Asian markets,” Daines said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal exports to Asia more than doubled in 2017, according to the Energy Information Administration. The rise continued in the first half of 2018 with almost 23 million tons of U.S. coal exported to Asian nations through June. South Korea, Japan and China were among the biggest recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those increases, the U.S. holds only a small share of the more than 1 billion tons of coal shipped annually by sea. Clark Williams-Derry with the Sightline Institute, a left-leaning think tank based in Seattle, said there’s little chance of that changing in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re bit players on the global stage,” Williams-Derry said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of coal and natural gas to Asia.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927389,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1244},"headData":{"title":"Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports | KQED","description":"The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of coal and natural gas to Asia.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports","datePublished":"2018-10-16T16:36:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:56:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"The Associated Press","path":"/science/1932894/trump-administration-eyes-west-coast-as-transit-point-for-coal-exports","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of U.S. coal and natural gas to Asia, as officials seek to bolster the domestic energy industry and circumvent environmental opposition to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal was described to The Associated Press by Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke and two Republican lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would advance the administration’s agenda of establishing American “energy dominance” on the world stage and underscores a willingness to intervene in markets to make that happen. It’s also tantamount to an end-run around West Coast officials who have rejected private-sector efforts to build new coal ports in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Democratic senator from Oregon and environmentalists blasted the proposal as undercutting local communities opposed to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The Associated Press, Zinke cast it as a matter of national security to ensure U.S. allies have access to affordable fuels. The Trump administration also has cited national security as justification for keeping domestic coal-burning power plants online to prevent disruptions of electricity supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear which sites are under consideration other than one in Alaska. Experts said the possibilities are constrained by the need for a deep water port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said the administration is interested in partnering with private entities to ship coal or liquefied natural gas through naval installations or other federal facilities. He added it’s still early in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I respect the state of Washington and Oregon and California,” Zinke said. “But also, it’s in our interest for national security and our allies to make sure that they have access to affordable energy commodities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accomplishing that, he said, may require the use of “some of our naval facilities, some of our federal facilities on the West Coast.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke specified only one site that could serve as an export hub, for natural gas: the former Adak Naval Air Facility in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, which he suggested could receive fuel by barge from the North Slope. The base closed in 1997 and has been largely abandoned. Roughly 300 people live in the town of Adak, the westernmost community in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke did not reveal government properties that could serve as potential coal ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden said the Trump administration was “disregarding the realities around climate change” and “trampling on local communities” that have rejected prior port proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal government should be doing more to invest in clean, renewable energy, not threatening the health and safety of Oregonians by propping up dirty energy investors,” the Democratic lawmaker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups including the Sierra Club and Northern Plains Resource Council also voiced opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The military is not a roving force to do whatever Trump finds politically expedient,” said Jan Hasselman, an attorney for opponents of a stalled coal port in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exports have been held up as a lifeline for struggling domestic coal miners since demand for the fuel started to wane a decade ago, when many power plants switched to cheaper, cleaner fuels. The West Coast offers the most economical route for shipments to Asia because of its relative proximity to the largest coal-producing region in the U.S.: the Powder River Basin, which straddles the Montana-Wyoming border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any export site would need access to deep waters to accommodate large ships and enough land to store fuel awaiting shipment. Few such locations can be found on the West Coast, said Joe Aldina, a coal industry analyst with S&P Global Platts Analytics.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. coal export market booming in recent months, Aldina said any new port established by the government would quickly fill with coal for shipment overseas. Yet with demand expected to fall over the long-term, particularly in Europe, the current high prices for coal are expected to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldina expressed skepticism that government intervention could make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like everything else the Trump administration has tried to do, it’s a long shot whether some of these things will work, and it’s questionable whether they will really help the market,” he said, adding prices and fuel quality are the main drivers of coal markets, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance to exports — rooted in worries about air pollution, climate change and rail safety — and changing market conditions have resulted in six proposed coal ports in Washington and Oregon being rejected or shelved. A $680 million project in Longview, Washington, was denied a key permit last year by state regulators who said it would increase greenhouse gas emissions and cause “significant and unavoidable harm to the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s brought a backlash from elected officials in coal-producing states, who have blasted Washington Gov. Jay Inslee in particular. They argue the rejection of the Longview port, sponsored by Utah-based Lighthouse Resources, violated the commerce clause in the Constitution that says only Congress has the power to regulate international and interstate trade.Montana, Wyoming and four other states joined Lighthouse Resources in a lawsuit challenging the rejection of the company’s Millennium Bulk Terminals port, which could handle up to 48.5 million tons (44 million metric tons) of coal a year.Rep. Liz Cheney, a Wyoming Republican, said she’s spoken with Zinke and U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry about using federal facilities to circumvent opposition to proposed ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That might be, for example, retired military facilities or other places where we would be able to use those for exports — frankly, to get around some of the unreasonable obstacles that have been thrown up,” Cheney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to joining Trump’s cabinet, Zinke was a Montana congressman and Perry was governor of Texas. Both states are among the United States’ top coal producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross also was involved in the proposal.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Department officials said in a statement that the agency was working with the Interior and Energy Departments “to advance the Administration’s export agenda, and this is one such effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy Department officials declined comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican U.S. Sen. Steve Daines of Montana said Zinke was looking at “all possibilities” for export terminals, including West Coast military installations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a Montanan, he’s looking for ways here to help these Rocky Mountain states like Montana and Wyoming get access to Asian markets,” Daines said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal exports to Asia more than doubled in 2017, according to the Energy Information Administration. The rise continued in the first half of 2018 with almost 23 million tons of U.S. coal exported to Asian nations through June. South Korea, Japan and China were among the biggest recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those increases, the U.S. holds only a small share of the more than 1 billion tons of coal shipped annually by sea. Clark Williams-Derry with the Sightline Institute, a left-leaning think tank based in Seattle, said there’s little chance of that changing in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re bit players on the global stage,” Williams-Derry said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932894/trump-administration-eyes-west-coast-as-transit-point-for-coal-exports","authors":["byline_science_1932894"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_194","science_1916","science_134","science_192","science_3301","science_554"],"featImg":"science_1932896","label":"source_science_1932894"},"science_1931332":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1931332","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1931332","score":null,"sort":[1536878639000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"coal-takes-center-stage-at-day-1-of-the-global-climate-action-summit","title":"Coal Takes Center Stage At the Global Climate Action Summit","publishDate":1536878639,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Coal Takes Center Stage At the Global Climate Action Summit | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It may say something about the ascendancy of fracking — and the endurance of natural gas — that most of the energy-related commitments at Thursday’s Global Climate Action Summit have been about coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the conference on Thursday, Minnesota, Connecticut, Hawaii and New York announced they have joined the \u003ca href=\"https://poweringpastcoal.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Powering Past Coal Alliance\u003c/a>, a coalition of countries, states and cities that are taking voluntary steps to power down coal-fired power plants and to stop importing energy powered by such plants. The Alliance also includes places like Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and the Balearic Islands in Spain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Chinese cities are Alliance members; the country is still building coal-fired power plants in earnest, though Xie Zhenhua, Special Representative on Climate Change Affairs, made a speech on Thursday reiterating the country’s commitment to seeing its CO2 emissions peak by 2030 (in line with the Paris Agreement).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Simply demanding that plants be shut down with no plan for the people who are put out of work… poisons the political will.’\u003ccite>Richard Trumka, AFL-CIO president\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/china/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Action Tracker\u003c/a> says that won’t be nearly fast or aggressive enough to limit global warming under 2°C and avert catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places like Hawaii, which have only one unpopular coal plant, are low-hanging fruit for commitments like these. If Wyoming, Kentucky or West Virginia were to join, that would really move the needle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coal Workers and the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka helped the audience peer into a future where former coal workers could find solidarity with environmental advocates — if it were handled right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not enough to call for an end to coal without thinking strategically about what comes after that. In other words, telling coal workers to go learn to code, or something else equally pie-in-the-sky, is an insult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The fastest and most equitable way to address climate change is for labor to be at the center of creating solutions that reduce emissions while investing in our communities, maintaining and creating high-wage union jobs and reducing poverty. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/LaborClimate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#LaborClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Richard L. Trumka (@RichardTrumka) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka/status/1039929081180119040?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 12, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“I understand that many are frustrated with the pace of action on climate change,” says Trumka, who is a third-generation coal worker. “But simply demanding that plants be shut down with no plan for the people who are put out of work, no call for shared sacrifice, and no dialogue or solidarity with those whose lives are dependent on carbon-based fuel — that poisons the political will.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AFL-CIO, which represents the United Mine Workers, passed a strongly-worded\u003ca href=\"https://aflcio.org/resolutions/resolution-55-climate-change-energy-and-union-jobs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> resolution urging\u003c/a> Congress to “enact comprehensive energy and climate legislation that creates good jobs and addresses the threat of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As cities and governments pledge to go coal free, AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka says he sees a future where former coal workers can find solidarity with environmental advocates. But that requires coming up with a plan for the people who are put out of work.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927490,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":476},"headData":{"title":"Coal Takes Center Stage At the Global Climate Action Summit | KQED","description":"As cities and governments pledge to go coal free, AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka says he sees a future where former coal workers can find solidarity with environmental advocates. But that requires coming up with a plan for the people who are put out of work.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Coal Takes Center Stage At the Global Climate Action Summit","datePublished":"2018-09-13T22:43:59.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:58:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Climate Change","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1931332/coal-takes-center-stage-at-day-1-of-the-global-climate-action-summit","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It may say something about the ascendancy of fracking — and the endurance of natural gas — that most of the energy-related commitments at Thursday’s Global Climate Action Summit have been about coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the conference on Thursday, Minnesota, Connecticut, Hawaii and New York announced they have joined the \u003ca href=\"https://poweringpastcoal.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Powering Past Coal Alliance\u003c/a>, a coalition of countries, states and cities that are taking voluntary steps to power down coal-fired power plants and to stop importing energy powered by such plants. The Alliance also includes places like Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and the Balearic Islands in Spain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Chinese cities are Alliance members; the country is still building coal-fired power plants in earnest, though Xie Zhenhua, Special Representative on Climate Change Affairs, made a speech on Thursday reiterating the country’s commitment to seeing its CO2 emissions peak by 2030 (in line with the Paris Agreement).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Simply demanding that plants be shut down with no plan for the people who are put out of work… poisons the political will.’\u003ccite>Richard Trumka, AFL-CIO president\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/china/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Action Tracker\u003c/a> says that won’t be nearly fast or aggressive enough to limit global warming under 2°C and avert catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places like Hawaii, which have only one unpopular coal plant, are low-hanging fruit for commitments like these. If Wyoming, Kentucky or West Virginia were to join, that would really move the needle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coal Workers and the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka helped the audience peer into a future where former coal workers could find solidarity with environmental advocates — if it were handled right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not enough to call for an end to coal without thinking strategically about what comes after that. In other words, telling coal workers to go learn to code, or something else equally pie-in-the-sky, is an insult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The fastest and most equitable way to address climate change is for labor to be at the center of creating solutions that reduce emissions while investing in our communities, maintaining and creating high-wage union jobs and reducing poverty. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/LaborClimate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#LaborClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Richard L. Trumka (@RichardTrumka) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka/status/1039929081180119040?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 12, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“I understand that many are frustrated with the pace of action on climate change,” says Trumka, who is a third-generation coal worker. “But simply demanding that plants be shut down with no plan for the people who are put out of work, no call for shared sacrifice, and no dialogue or solidarity with those whose lives are dependent on carbon-based fuel — that poisons the political will.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AFL-CIO, which represents the United Mine Workers, passed a strongly-worded\u003ca href=\"https://aflcio.org/resolutions/resolution-55-climate-change-energy-and-union-jobs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> resolution urging\u003c/a> Congress to “enact comprehensive energy and climate legislation that creates good jobs and addresses the threat of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1931332/coal-takes-center-stage-at-day-1-of-the-global-climate-action-summit","authors":["8664"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_2889","science_194","science_1916","science_192","science_3301","science_3761"],"featImg":"science_1931334","label":"source_science_1931332"},"science_1926206":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926206","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926206","score":null,"sort":[1529686379000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oil-and-gas-industry-emits-60-percent-more-methane-than-epa-reports-study","title":"Oil And Gas Industry Emits 60 Percent More Methane Than EPA Reports: Study","publishDate":1529686379,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Oil And Gas Industry Emits 60 Percent More Methane Than EPA Reports: Study | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The nation’s oil and gas industry is emitting nearly 60 percent more methane than the official estimates of the Environmental Protection Agency, according to a\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> new study.\u003c/a> [contextly_sidebar id=”nZE8jEmsyCd7NTLNCds83wkJJsMXkhKt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, published in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, represent the “best estimate to date” of the environmental impact of the U.S. oil and gas industry, according to co-author Jeff Peischl, a scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth System Research Laboratory, in Boulder, Colorado. The study was led by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Defense Fund\u003c/a>, with support from 19 co-authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane, the main ingredient in natural gas, is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a heat-trapping gas over a 20-year period. It is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas and oil. Study authors attribute the majority of these emissions to leaks, equipment malfunctions and operator errors. Researchers estimate the leak rate to be 2.3 percent, versus the current EPA estimate of 1.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although the percentages seem small, the volume represents enough natural gas to fuel 10 million homes — lost gas worth an estimated $2 billion,” the EDF said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement that accompanied \u003c/a>the study.[contextly_sidebar id=”MPVsKnBjZurL3IhMGvXX5Gu6hV9YrO0N”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collectively, the oil and gas sector emits 13 million metric tons of methane per year, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the environmental impact of methane leaks in 2015 was roughly the same as carbon dioxide emissions from all U.S. coal plants operating that year. The problem spotlights a key challenge for an industry operating in an increasingly competitive, low-carbon economy. From\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/21062018/methane-leaks-oil-gas-climate-change-risks-natural-gas-slcp-global-warming-pollution-science-edf-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Inside Climate News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The study…presents some of the most compelling evidence to date that switching to gas from dirtier fuels like coal might not be as effective a climate strategy as its proponents suggest unless the gas industry improves how it controls leaks.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For the report’s underlying data, researchers turned to more than half a decade of studies on methane emissions conducted by more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/documents/Experts_Roster_Methane_Studies_6.14.18.pdf\">140 researchers from 40 institutions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is by far the most comprehensive body of research of its kind,” co-author Steven Hamburg, the EDF’s chief scientist, said in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>. “Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is the fastest, most cost-effective way we have to slow the rate of warming today, even as the larger transition to lower-carbon energy continues.”[contextly_sidebar id=”aX2zRp0OxjaSTMajTYlRE9wQe03gqdFZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Energy Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/october/commentary-the-environmental-case-for-natural-gas.html\">estimates\u003c/a> the oil and gas sector can slash its methane emissions by 75 percent, with up to two-thirds of those cuts happening at zero net cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry is taking issue with the study’s reliance on older data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No new measurements were made for this study,” Richard Meyer, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aga.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Gas Association’s \u003c/a>managing director of energy analysis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/06/21/emissions-greenhouse-gas-methane-higher-than-epa-thinks/722391002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told USA Today. \u003c/a>“Rather, the authors rely on previous scientific studies and a statistical method that produces higher emissions than previously estimated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']The study come as the Trump administration\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920211/u-s-district-court-rejects-trump-administration-attack-on-blm-waste-prevention-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> attempts\u003c/a> to undo Obama-era regulations meant to limit harmful methane emissions from oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EDF hopes to help governments and companies track their methane emissions by\u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/climate/how-methanesat-is-different\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> launching MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, a satellite that can measure and map human-caused methane emissions. The satellite is scheduled to launch in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers found most of the emissions came from leaks, equipment malfunctions and other abnormal operating conditions. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927776,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":604},"headData":{"title":"Oil And Gas Industry Emits 60 Percent More Methane Than EPA Reports: Study | KQED","description":"Researchers found most of the emissions came from leaks, equipment malfunctions and other abnormal operating conditions. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Oil And Gas Industry Emits 60 Percent More Methane Than EPA Reports: Study","datePublished":"2018-06-22T16:52:59.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:02:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Climate","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1926206/oil-and-gas-industry-emits-60-percent-more-methane-than-epa-reports-study","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The nation’s oil and gas industry is emitting nearly 60 percent more methane than the official estimates of the Environmental Protection Agency, according to a\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> new study.\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, published in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, represent the “best estimate to date” of the environmental impact of the U.S. oil and gas industry, according to co-author Jeff Peischl, a scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth System Research Laboratory, in Boulder, Colorado. The study was led by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Defense Fund\u003c/a>, with support from 19 co-authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane, the main ingredient in natural gas, is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a heat-trapping gas over a 20-year period. It is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas and oil. Study authors attribute the majority of these emissions to leaks, equipment malfunctions and operator errors. Researchers estimate the leak rate to be 2.3 percent, versus the current EPA estimate of 1.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although the percentages seem small, the volume represents enough natural gas to fuel 10 million homes — lost gas worth an estimated $2 billion,” the EDF said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement that accompanied \u003c/a>the study.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collectively, the oil and gas sector emits 13 million metric tons of methane per year, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the environmental impact of methane leaks in 2015 was roughly the same as carbon dioxide emissions from all U.S. coal plants operating that year. The problem spotlights a key challenge for an industry operating in an increasingly competitive, low-carbon economy. From\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/21062018/methane-leaks-oil-gas-climate-change-risks-natural-gas-slcp-global-warming-pollution-science-edf-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Inside Climate News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The study…presents some of the most compelling evidence to date that switching to gas from dirtier fuels like coal might not be as effective a climate strategy as its proponents suggest unless the gas industry improves how it controls leaks.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For the report’s underlying data, researchers turned to more than half a decade of studies on methane emissions conducted by more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/documents/Experts_Roster_Methane_Studies_6.14.18.pdf\">140 researchers from 40 institutions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is by far the most comprehensive body of research of its kind,” co-author Steven Hamburg, the EDF’s chief scientist, said in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>. “Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is the fastest, most cost-effective way we have to slow the rate of warming today, even as the larger transition to lower-carbon energy continues.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Energy Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/october/commentary-the-environmental-case-for-natural-gas.html\">estimates\u003c/a> the oil and gas sector can slash its methane emissions by 75 percent, with up to two-thirds of those cuts happening at zero net cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry is taking issue with the study’s reliance on older data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No new measurements were made for this study,” Richard Meyer, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aga.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Gas Association’s \u003c/a>managing director of energy analysis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/06/21/emissions-greenhouse-gas-methane-higher-than-epa-thinks/722391002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told USA Today. \u003c/a>“Rather, the authors rely on previous scientific studies and a statistical method that produces higher emissions than previously estimated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"emailsignup","attributes":{"named":{"newslettername":"science","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The study come as the Trump administration\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920211/u-s-district-court-rejects-trump-administration-attack-on-blm-waste-prevention-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> attempts\u003c/a> to undo Obama-era regulations meant to limit harmful methane emissions from oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EDF hopes to help governments and companies track their methane emissions by\u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/climate/how-methanesat-is-different\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> launching MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, a satellite that can measure and map human-caused methane emissions. The satellite is scheduled to launch in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926206/oil-and-gas-industry-emits-60-percent-more-methane-than-epa-reports-study","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_505","science_194","science_1916","science_3370","science_784","science_2288"],"featImg":"science_1926210","label":"source_science_1926206"},"science_1923455":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1923455","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1923455","score":null,"sort":[1525393187000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"co2-atmospheric-concentrations-just-crossed-a-scary-mark","title":"New Record CO2 Measures Show 'Humans Are Overwhelming Nature'","publishDate":1525393187,"format":"standard","headTitle":"New Record CO2 Measures Show ‘Humans Are Overwhelming Nature’ | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>For the first time in human history, the monthly average concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has surpassed the threshold of 410 parts per million.[contextly_sidebar id=”5xXRiGwtizD12R67l83DACY0biOov0fr”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the finding of the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/category/measurement-notes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scripps CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> Program\u003c/a>, which tracks carbon dioxide measurements in the Earth’s atmosphere every 10 minutes. That data is then plotted onto the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keeling Curve\u003c/a>, a graph that illustrates the rise in carbon dioxide levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The curve symbolizes humanity’s waste dump. I’m hopeful in the next 10 years or so, it begins to bend over and it becomes the curve of hope, not danger. We haven’t reached that point yet.’\u003ccite>Ralph Keeling, geophysicist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The information is based on continuous measurements taken at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mauna Loa Observatory\u003c/a> in Hawaii. The latest threshold was registered in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest record shows that “humans are overwhelming nature” according to \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/personnel_bios/ralph_keeling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ralph Keeling\u003c/a>, a geophysicist and the head of the Scripps CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to realize that we are headed towards pretty dangerous territory if we aren’t already in it,” says Keeling. “So something like 450-500 parts per billion places us in the danger zone. Things are changing already, so it’s become a question of how hard will it be to cope with all these changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1923491 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-800x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-800x480.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-768x461.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-960x576.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-375x225.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-520x312.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, the rate has accelerated decade by decade, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going up at about 2.5 parts per million per year. At that rate we will hit 450 in just 15 years. We’re already in very unnatural territory with respect to carbon dioxide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unabated rise will have major consequences for people and organisms, says Keeling. Sea level rise, heat waves and rainfall patterns will all be impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Species will go extinct and areas will be flooded. A lot will happen,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for the rapid rise in CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> is almost entirely based on the burning of fossil fuels, according to Keeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Keeling graph that tracks the rise of CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> going back 10,000 years shows a sudden uptick around the 18th century, when global industrialization was underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1923470\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-800x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-800x480.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-768x461.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-960x576.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-375x225.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-520x312.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From 1700 to the present , you see the curve start to rise. Around that period, people relied on coal and the world was industrializing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeling says the fight to save the planet will rest mainly on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growth of renewables.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The curve symbolizes humanity’s waste dump,” says Keeling. “I’m hopeful in the next 10 years or so, it begins to bend over and it becomes the curve of hope, not danger. We haven’t reached that point yet.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Carbon dioxide concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere have been shattering the average record every year, bringing us closer to what scientists say is the \"danger zone.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927935,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":469},"headData":{"title":"New Record CO2 Measures Show 'Humans Are Overwhelming Nature' | KQED","description":"Carbon dioxide concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere have been shattering the average record every year, bringing us closer to what scientists say is the "danger zone."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Record CO2 Measures Show 'Humans Are Overwhelming Nature'","datePublished":"2018-05-04T00:19:47.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:05:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Climate","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1923455/co2-atmospheric-concentrations-just-crossed-a-scary-mark","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time in human history, the monthly average concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has surpassed the threshold of 410 parts per million.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the finding of the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/category/measurement-notes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scripps CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> Program\u003c/a>, which tracks carbon dioxide measurements in the Earth’s atmosphere every 10 minutes. That data is then plotted onto the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keeling Curve\u003c/a>, a graph that illustrates the rise in carbon dioxide levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The curve symbolizes humanity’s waste dump. I’m hopeful in the next 10 years or so, it begins to bend over and it becomes the curve of hope, not danger. We haven’t reached that point yet.’\u003ccite>Ralph Keeling, geophysicist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The information is based on continuous measurements taken at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mauna Loa Observatory\u003c/a> in Hawaii. The latest threshold was registered in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest record shows that “humans are overwhelming nature” according to \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/personnel_bios/ralph_keeling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ralph Keeling\u003c/a>, a geophysicist and the head of the Scripps CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to realize that we are headed towards pretty dangerous territory if we aren’t already in it,” says Keeling. “So something like 450-500 parts per billion places us in the danger zone. Things are changing already, so it’s become a question of how hard will it be to cope with all these changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1923491 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-800x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-800x480.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-768x461.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-960x576.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-375x225.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-520x312.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, the rate has accelerated decade by decade, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going up at about 2.5 parts per million per year. At that rate we will hit 450 in just 15 years. We’re already in very unnatural territory with respect to carbon dioxide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unabated rise will have major consequences for people and organisms, says Keeling. Sea level rise, heat waves and rainfall patterns will all be impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Species will go extinct and areas will be flooded. A lot will happen,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for the rapid rise in CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> is almost entirely based on the burning of fossil fuels, according to Keeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Keeling graph that tracks the rise of CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> going back 10,000 years shows a sudden uptick around the 18th century, when global industrialization was underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1923470\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-800x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-800x480.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-768x461.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-960x576.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-375x225.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-520x312.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From 1700 to the present , you see the curve start to rise. Around that period, people relied on coal and the world was industrializing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeling says the fight to save the planet will rest mainly on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growth of renewables.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The curve symbolizes humanity’s waste dump,” says Keeling. “I’m hopeful in the next 10 years or so, it begins to bend over and it becomes the curve of hope, not danger. We haven’t reached that point yet.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1923455/co2-atmospheric-concentrations-just-crossed-a-scary-mark","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_3151","science_40"],"tags":["science_1404","science_1916","science_134","science_192","science_813","science_140"],"featImg":"science_1923475","label":"source_science_1923455"},"science_1920881":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1920881","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1920881","score":null,"sort":[1525357903000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"locally-owned-providers-take-on-californias-power-monopoly","title":"California's Big Energy Utilities Face Local Rebellion","publishDate":1525357903,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Big Energy Utilities Face Local Rebellion | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Disruption in the electricity market is afoot as more California neighborhoods move away from big companies to locally owned power providers. This model, known as Community Choice Aggregation, appeals to customers interested in cleaner, more affordable power, and the break up of utility monopolies.[contextly_sidebar id=”XAyuBuZ6v0uUS1C2BKO5IniYyxoQVnQ6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A CCA trade group estimates that by 2020 more than half of California’s residents will be served by a CCA. Currently, \u003ca href=\"https://cal-cca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">there are 13 active CCAs\u003c/a> in the state. More than 80 California cities are in the process of considering, or forming, a CCA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Local, green electricity-on-the-cheap faces its own battles, however. Skeptics worry CCAs do little to nothing to reduce overall green-house gas emissions. Some caution CCAs may be stifling investment in clean power infrastructure by taking customers away from traditional utilities.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A state law passed in 2002 allowed the formation of these locally-owned agencies. In the North Bay, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcecleanenergy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marin Clean Energy \u003c/a>was the first CCA to purchase electricity on behalf of its residents.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\nSome traditional investor-owned utilities, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">such as Pacific Gas and Electric Co., have put a positive spin on the movement, painting a rosy picture of a collaborative synergy with CCAs, rather than a threat to their business model.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We respect the energy choices that are available to customers and we will continue to cooperate with local governments as they develop these CCA programs,” says Paul Doherty, spokesperson at PG&E, which serves central and northern California.[contextly_sidebar id=”IKllBgL1cc4hgXuqKuyfXW7uLglVnZew”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the setup, PG&E \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">provides billing, transmission, and distribution services for CCA customers. The only thing a CCA does is select its energy portfolio and then sell energy to customers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We view [PG&E]\u003cem>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>as a partner,” says Annie Henderson, the spokesperson at \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Community Energy\u003c/a>, which is rolling out services in June for Alameda County and eleven of its cities.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But California energy analysts say those talking points belie a more complicated, if not delicate, relationship. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>The Cost of Escape\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Utilities are not willing to let their customers go without a fight. \u003c/span>PG&E and other traditional utilities are engaged in a contentious dispute with CCAs over “exit fees.” These fees are the cost utilities want to recoup each month from CCA customers for power projects they invested on behalf of those customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923409\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1923409\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-1200x797.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-1920x1275.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wind Turbines line the hillsides outside Bakersfield, California. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The assumption was that those customers would stay in our service territory, and that we would need to serve them,” PG&E Senior Vice President Steven Malnight\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rtoinsider.com/community-choice-aggregator-cca-48422/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> told state senators last year\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> during a hearing on the matter. “Today, we know that reality is significantly different.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In April, PG&E and two other energy companies \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en/about/newsroom/newsdetails/index.page?title=20170425_pge_and_other_california_energy_companies_propose_reforms_to_support_the_states_clean_energy_goals_protect_customer_choice_and_ensure_customer_equality_\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">submitted a joint filing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the California Public Utilities Commission proposing a new mechanism for calculating the fee, known as the Power Charge Indifference Adjustment, that would serve to raise the cost.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CPUC is currently overseeing the issue in a series of hearings and is expected \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M211/K795/211795024.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to submit\u003c/a> a ruling in July.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has already\u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegoenergydistrict.org/fair-exit-fees.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> raised this fee\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at least twice, including in 2015, when the fees jumped between 44 – 127\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/b>percent, depending on the locale. (In 2015 the fee for an average CCA customer \u003ca href=\"https://www.almanacnews.com/news/2015/12/22/pge-nearly-doubles-fee-for-those-who-leave-for-clean-energy-programs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jumped to about $13 from $6.70\u003c/a>.) \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CCAs and other community advocates \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PCIA/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have strongly come out\u003c/a> against the proposal arguing that it threatens to make CCAs less affordable.[contextly_sidebar id=”JpRa9fEWPmAEEPOZLUPPjSOF8pxK0MVk”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, What is Fair?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>However, allowing CCA customers to walk away from investments made on their behalf risks disproportionately punishing remaining utility customers, says Severin Borenstein, energy policy expert at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PG&E has argued, and I think there is something to this and so does the PUC, that this [exit] fee was set too low,” says Borenstein. When customers depart the CCA should pay for their share of contracts, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And CCAs have completely rejected that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923407\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1923407 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Diego harbor glows under the night sky. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But community advocates say customers shouldn’t be on the hook for risky business choices made by shareholder-owned companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They may be called public utilities but it’s a misnomer because they operate for profit and not for the benefit of the public,” says April Rose Maurath Sommer, whose nonprofit Protect Our Communities Foundation, provided testimony at a recent PUC hearing.[contextly_sidebar id=”iPTDjaiBleBB5dv7W9dvhA6QQHuWDN44″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She says that shareholders should bare the burden of poor management decisions. Those decisions include over-procuring electricity which has led to a costly power glut in the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Too Much Power\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2017\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-fi-electricity-capacity/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> report by the Los Angeles Times\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that state regulators continued approving the opening of new power plants even as electricity consumption in the state decreased. As a result, these power plants will produce at least 21 percent more electricity than California needs by 2020, according to the LA Times.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But that hasn’t translated to lower costs for residents, who pay among the highest rates in the nation. While electricity consumption in California has decreased by 2.6 percent since 2008, the LA Times says that customers are still paying $6.8 billion more for power than they did then.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Customers are paying nearly double the amount of what the rest of the country pays in order to cover the costs of these power plants. And that’s likely to continue for the near future. Customers will contribute “many billions of dollars” because regulators approved higher rates to compensate utilities for reckless investments, according to the LA Times.[contextly_sidebar id=”CkKsUGfXgGt6jkypUYwJ4xgTfS9NYzY4″]\u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">PG&E in particular fought hard in 2010 to secure approval for the Colusa power plant, an investment that will cost its customers more than $700 million over the plant’s lifespan. The plant has operated “far below capacity” since launching, reports the LA Times.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the same 2017 hearing in Sacramento, comments made by regulators suggest that the California Public Utilities Commission is not equipped to deal with these challenges.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We are being deregulated from the bottom up, and there is no real plan as to how it fits together,” CPUC president Michael Picker told lawmakers. “I am looking to you for direction.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CPUC report issued on Thursday explored the recent developments in the energy market and attempts to outline the main challenges. The aim of the report is to “jumpstart a conversation” and to provide guidance for policymakers, according to the accompanying press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, we are deregulating electric markets through dozens of different decisions and legislative actions, but we do not have a plan,” a statement issued by CPUC President Michael Picker warns. “If California policy makers are not careful, we could drift slowly back into another predicament like the energy crisis of 2001.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CCAs, however, take issue with the report’s characterizations of the changing energy landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Highly regulated locally controlled CCAs were designed to help correct the problems from the energy crisis and they are performing as intended – delivering reliable, affordable and clean energy to local customers, while exceeding the state’s GHG goals,” said Beth Vaughan, the executive director of CalCCA, a trade association that represents the interests of CCAs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Green Comparisons\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Along with affordability, many customers enrolling in community choice programs are expecting a different, greener type of energy than what the incumbent utilities have offered.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But experts say so far the actual numbers don’t reflect a significant difference.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923410\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1923410\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific Gas & Electric repair truck parked on a San Francisco street. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">PG&E\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en/about/newsroom/newsdetails/index.page?title=20180220_pge_clean_energy_deliveries_already_meet_future_goals\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> obtains nearly\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 80 percent of its electricity from carbon free resources while 33 percent comes from renewable sources. By comparison, homes covered by EBCE will be powered by 85 percent carbon-free power and at least 38 percent renewable energy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Commercial customers in Albany and Hayward will be powered by 100 percent carbon-free power at the same rate as PG&E.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think in general the difference isn’t all that huge,” says Borenstein. “PG&E is offering an extremely green portfolio.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Musical Chairs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, questions remain over where CCAs are procuring their energy from and whether their entry into the market will help reduce overall greenhouse emissions.[contextly_sidebar id=”EA3qE4w9ywR6M9xJMceykln1EFSta4r4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If CCAs are simply obtaining electricity from the existing grid rather than generating new energy, then that purchase has not actually increased the total amount of green power. According to Borenstein, it’s simply “reshuffling” what’s already out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CCAs have been under a lot of pressure to ensure that the electricity they provide is actually creating cleaner power, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Merely buying renewable energy doesn’t necessarily mean that the purchase is increasing the total amount of renewable energy on the grid, or decreasing greenhouse gases,” says Borenstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CCAs would need to invest in the requisite infrastructure allowing them to produce renewable energy. But critics say that CCAs don’t have the financial standing needed to invest in such projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, none of the CCAs have a credit rating and the first rule of business is ‘credit is fundamental to doing business,’” Jan Smutny-Jones, CEO of the Independent Energy Producers Association, told industry publication Utility Dive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Borenstein says that CCAs have increasingly become more sensitive to this. “At first they were doing things that customers would have found disappointing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains unclear where EBCE will be purchasing its electricity from. According to their website, “The power portfolio is currently under development, but the intent is to purchase as much electricity as possible from sources located in California at prices that remain competitive with PG&E. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some however, the challenges CCAs may stumble on as they get off the ground are worth the trade-off if it means breaking a monopoly.[contextly_sidebar id=”FrYrE5SsTJYjYdBcAVi1K5ULnTKkffCH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With community choice aggregation, now people can choose between locally controlled retail energy or Pacific Gas and Electric,” says James Sweeney, management science and engineering professor at Stanford University. “So the first step is about local control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the challenges CCAs may face as they get off the ground, Borenstein says that opening up California’s electricity market to retail competition is likely to benefit the average Californians in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Giant utilities like PG&E jockey to recoup costs as customers slide away. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927941,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":1803},"headData":{"title":"California's Big Energy Utilities Face Local Rebellion | KQED","description":"Giant utilities like PG&E jockey to recoup costs as customers slide away. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's Big Energy Utilities Face Local Rebellion","datePublished":"2018-05-03T14:31:43.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:05:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1920881/locally-owned-providers-take-on-californias-power-monopoly","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Disruption in the electricity market is afoot as more California neighborhoods move away from big companies to locally owned power providers. This model, known as Community Choice Aggregation, appeals to customers interested in cleaner, more affordable power, and the break up of utility monopolies.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A CCA trade group estimates that by 2020 more than half of California’s residents will be served by a CCA. Currently, \u003ca href=\"https://cal-cca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">there are 13 active CCAs\u003c/a> in the state. More than 80 California cities are in the process of considering, or forming, a CCA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Local, green electricity-on-the-cheap faces its own battles, however. Skeptics worry CCAs do little to nothing to reduce overall green-house gas emissions. Some caution CCAs may be stifling investment in clean power infrastructure by taking customers away from traditional utilities.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A state law passed in 2002 allowed the formation of these locally-owned agencies. In the North Bay, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcecleanenergy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marin Clean Energy \u003c/a>was the first CCA to purchase electricity on behalf of its residents.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\nSome traditional investor-owned utilities, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">such as Pacific Gas and Electric Co., have put a positive spin on the movement, painting a rosy picture of a collaborative synergy with CCAs, rather than a threat to their business model.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We respect the energy choices that are available to customers and we will continue to cooperate with local governments as they develop these CCA programs,” says Paul Doherty, spokesperson at PG&E, which serves central and northern California.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the setup, PG&E \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">provides billing, transmission, and distribution services for CCA customers. The only thing a CCA does is select its energy portfolio and then sell energy to customers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We view [PG&E]\u003cem>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>as a partner,” says Annie Henderson, the spokesperson at \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Community Energy\u003c/a>, which is rolling out services in June for Alameda County and eleven of its cities.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But California energy analysts say those talking points belie a more complicated, if not delicate, relationship. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>The Cost of Escape\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Utilities are not willing to let their customers go without a fight. \u003c/span>PG&E and other traditional utilities are engaged in a contentious dispute with CCAs over “exit fees.” These fees are the cost utilities want to recoup each month from CCA customers for power projects they invested on behalf of those customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923409\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1923409\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-1200x797.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-1920x1275.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-518012227-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wind Turbines line the hillsides outside Bakersfield, California. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The assumption was that those customers would stay in our service territory, and that we would need to serve them,” PG&E Senior Vice President Steven Malnight\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rtoinsider.com/community-choice-aggregator-cca-48422/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> told state senators last year\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> during a hearing on the matter. “Today, we know that reality is significantly different.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In April, PG&E and two other energy companies \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en/about/newsroom/newsdetails/index.page?title=20170425_pge_and_other_california_energy_companies_propose_reforms_to_support_the_states_clean_energy_goals_protect_customer_choice_and_ensure_customer_equality_\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">submitted a joint filing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the California Public Utilities Commission proposing a new mechanism for calculating the fee, known as the Power Charge Indifference Adjustment, that would serve to raise the cost.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CPUC is currently overseeing the issue in a series of hearings and is expected \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M211/K795/211795024.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to submit\u003c/a> a ruling in July.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has already\u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegoenergydistrict.org/fair-exit-fees.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> raised this fee\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at least twice, including in 2015, when the fees jumped between 44 – 127\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/b>percent, depending on the locale. (In 2015 the fee for an average CCA customer \u003ca href=\"https://www.almanacnews.com/news/2015/12/22/pge-nearly-doubles-fee-for-those-who-leave-for-clean-energy-programs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jumped to about $13 from $6.70\u003c/a>.) \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CCAs and other community advocates \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PCIA/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have strongly come out\u003c/a> against the proposal arguing that it threatens to make CCAs less affordable.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, What is Fair?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>However, allowing CCA customers to walk away from investments made on their behalf risks disproportionately punishing remaining utility customers, says Severin Borenstein, energy policy expert at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PG&E has argued, and I think there is something to this and so does the PUC, that this [exit] fee was set too low,” says Borenstein. When customers depart the CCA should pay for their share of contracts, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And CCAs have completely rejected that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923407\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1923407 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-692318646-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Diego harbor glows under the night sky. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But community advocates say customers shouldn’t be on the hook for risky business choices made by shareholder-owned companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They may be called public utilities but it’s a misnomer because they operate for profit and not for the benefit of the public,” says April Rose Maurath Sommer, whose nonprofit Protect Our Communities Foundation, provided testimony at a recent PUC hearing.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She says that shareholders should bare the burden of poor management decisions. Those decisions include over-procuring electricity which has led to a costly power glut in the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Too Much Power\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2017\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-fi-electricity-capacity/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> report by the Los Angeles Times\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that state regulators continued approving the opening of new power plants even as electricity consumption in the state decreased. As a result, these power plants will produce at least 21 percent more electricity than California needs by 2020, according to the LA Times.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But that hasn’t translated to lower costs for residents, who pay among the highest rates in the nation. While electricity consumption in California has decreased by 2.6 percent since 2008, the LA Times says that customers are still paying $6.8 billion more for power than they did then.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Customers are paying nearly double the amount of what the rest of the country pays in order to cover the costs of these power plants. And that’s likely to continue for the near future. Customers will contribute “many billions of dollars” because regulators approved higher rates to compensate utilities for reckless investments, according to the LA Times.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">PG&E in particular fought hard in 2010 to secure approval for the Colusa power plant, an investment that will cost its customers more than $700 million over the plant’s lifespan. The plant has operated “far below capacity” since launching, reports the LA Times.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the same 2017 hearing in Sacramento, comments made by regulators suggest that the California Public Utilities Commission is not equipped to deal with these challenges.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We are being deregulated from the bottom up, and there is no real plan as to how it fits together,” CPUC president Michael Picker told lawmakers. “I am looking to you for direction.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CPUC report issued on Thursday explored the recent developments in the energy market and attempts to outline the main challenges. The aim of the report is to “jumpstart a conversation” and to provide guidance for policymakers, according to the accompanying press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, we are deregulating electric markets through dozens of different decisions and legislative actions, but we do not have a plan,” a statement issued by CPUC President Michael Picker warns. “If California policy makers are not careful, we could drift slowly back into another predicament like the energy crisis of 2001.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CCAs, however, take issue with the report’s characterizations of the changing energy landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Highly regulated locally controlled CCAs were designed to help correct the problems from the energy crisis and they are performing as intended – delivering reliable, affordable and clean energy to local customers, while exceeding the state’s GHG goals,” said Beth Vaughan, the executive director of CalCCA, a trade association that represents the interests of CCAs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Green Comparisons\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Along with affordability, many customers enrolling in community choice programs are expecting a different, greener type of energy than what the incumbent utilities have offered.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But experts say so far the actual numbers don’t reflect a significant difference.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923410\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1923410\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-944869306-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific Gas & Electric repair truck parked on a San Francisco street. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">PG&E\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en/about/newsroom/newsdetails/index.page?title=20180220_pge_clean_energy_deliveries_already_meet_future_goals\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> obtains nearly\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 80 percent of its electricity from carbon free resources while 33 percent comes from renewable sources. By comparison, homes covered by EBCE will be powered by 85 percent carbon-free power and at least 38 percent renewable energy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Commercial customers in Albany and Hayward will be powered by 100 percent carbon-free power at the same rate as PG&E.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think in general the difference isn’t all that huge,” says Borenstein. “PG&E is offering an extremely green portfolio.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Musical Chairs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, questions remain over where CCAs are procuring their energy from and whether their entry into the market will help reduce overall greenhouse emissions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If CCAs are simply obtaining electricity from the existing grid rather than generating new energy, then that purchase has not actually increased the total amount of green power. According to Borenstein, it’s simply “reshuffling” what’s already out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CCAs have been under a lot of pressure to ensure that the electricity they provide is actually creating cleaner power, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Merely buying renewable energy doesn’t necessarily mean that the purchase is increasing the total amount of renewable energy on the grid, or decreasing greenhouse gases,” says Borenstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CCAs would need to invest in the requisite infrastructure allowing them to produce renewable energy. But critics say that CCAs don’t have the financial standing needed to invest in such projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, none of the CCAs have a credit rating and the first rule of business is ‘credit is fundamental to doing business,’” Jan Smutny-Jones, CEO of the Independent Energy Producers Association, told industry publication Utility Dive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Borenstein says that CCAs have increasingly become more sensitive to this. “At first they were doing things that customers would have found disappointing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains unclear where EBCE will be purchasing its electricity from. According to their website, “The power portfolio is currently under development, but the intent is to purchase as much electricity as possible from sources located in California at prices that remain competitive with PG&E. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some however, the challenges CCAs may stumble on as they get off the ground are worth the trade-off if it means breaking a monopoly.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With community choice aggregation, now people can choose between locally controlled retail energy or Pacific Gas and Electric,” says James Sweeney, management science and engineering professor at Stanford University. “So the first step is about local control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the challenges CCAs may face as they get off the ground, Borenstein says that opening up California’s electricity market to retail competition is likely to benefit the average Californians in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1920881/locally-owned-providers-take-on-californias-power-monopoly","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_2889","science_194","science_1916","science_135","science_192","science_3370","science_813"],"featImg":"science_1923285","label":"source_science_1920881"},"science_610026":{"type":"posts","id":"science_610026","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"610026","score":null,"sort":[1459753290000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar","title":"What Will California Do With Too Much Solar?","publishDate":1459753290,"format":"image","headTitle":"What Will California Do With Too Much Solar? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Solar energy records are falling left and right in California these days, as the state steams ahead toward its ambitious renewable energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the success of solar has brought about a hidden downside: on some perfectly sunny days, solar farms are being told to turn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because in the spring and fall, when Californians aren’t using much air conditioning and demand for electricity is low, the surge of midday solar power is more than the state can use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s becoming a growing concern for those running the grid at the California Independent System Operator. At their Folsom headquarters, a team continually manages the power supply for most of the state, keeping the lights on for some 30 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly solving a constant problem, meaning you’re always trying to balance,” says Nancy Traweek, who directs system operations for the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>TOO MUCH RENEWABLE POWER\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> On March 27, a sunny day, some solar farms had to shut down because there was more power on the grid than Californians were using. \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611449\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1730px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-611449\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"SOURCE: California ISO. \" width=\"1730\" height=\"1000\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: California ISO. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ups and Downs of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, balancing California’s electric was fairly straightforward. The power supply was constant, coming from natural gas and nuclear power plants that put out a steady stream of electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the growth of solar and wind power has thrown a wild card in the mix. The sun and wind are much less predictable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden you have a major cloud that comes over a solar field,” Traweek says, and that causes the solar power to drop off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [power] needs to come from somewhere else immediately,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So grid operators have to keep the natural gas plants running in the background. If they’re turned off, many take four to eight hours start up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s highest demand for electricity also happens right as the sun goes down, when Californians come home from work and lights turn on. Grid operators need natural gas power plants at the ready to meet that peak and to fill the gap that’s left by solar power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBWesternGridSommer160404.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But add up all those energy sources – solar, wind, natural gas, as well as hydropower, nuclear and others – and on some days, they’re making more electricity than California needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it gets really bad, now we really got to start cutting as much as we possibly can,” Traweek says. “If that’s not done, then you could have a blackout.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, grid operators have to tell solar farms to shut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s zero-carbon, clean energy,” says Keith Casey, a vice president at the California Independent System Operator. “It would just be a travesty to curtail large amounts of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casey says the problem will only get worse as more solar and wind connect to the grid. California plans to hit 50 percent renewable energy by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joining Grids Across the West\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s grid operator is developing a solution, one that is garnering controversy across state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_610986\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-610986 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grid operators manage 80 percent of California’s transmission system at the California Independent System Operator. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, California’s grid runs mostly on its own, like an island. But there are power lines reaching across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re operating your little piece of the system,” Casey says, “but if you can operate it as an integrated whole, you can just operate the system more efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Casey is proposing California join up with its neighbors. Instead of having lots of electric grids across the West, each doing their own thing, there would be a larger regional grid, sharing power across state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When California has too much solar power, neighboring states would buy it, preventing California from having to switch off the solar farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a win-win,” Casey says. “We really think we need to seize the most efficient opportunities that are out there for integrating renewables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This marriage of electric grids would start with \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PacifiCorp\u003c/a>, a utility that runs its own grid in Oregon, Utah, Idaho and Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/StudyBenefits-PacifiCorp-ISOIntegration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study commissioned by PacifiCorp \u003c/a>found that customers across both regions would save $154 to $335 million annually through sharing lower-cost renewable energy and avoiding turning off solar farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coal Power on the Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PacifiCorp isn’t a partner everyone wants to get in bed with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PacifiCorp is by far the largest owner of coal plants in the Western United States,” says Travis Ritchie, an attorney with the Sierra Club. In 2014, more than 60 percent of PacifiCorp’s electricity came from coal power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611762\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-611762\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-611762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-800x965.jpg\" alt=\"ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories\" width=\"378\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-800x965.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-400x482.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-768x926.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-1180x1423.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-960x1158.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: \u003ccite>(California Independent System Operator)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s a big problem for California,” he says. “We have put forth a lot of really great policy measures to stop coal for climate reasons, for pollution reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PacifiCorp’s coal power wouldn’t necessarily flow into California. The state’s climate change law, AB 32, means that electricity from other states has a price tacked on that raises the cost of fossil fuels to account for their carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ritchie warns that joining a regional electric grid, governed across several states with different agendas, could mean giving up some of California’s autonomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will California actually lose the ability lead on climate issues if it gives up its power to Utah and Wyoming, two states that are actively fighting everything about climate change that California is working to promote?” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several state legislators have the same concern. In February, they \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwIXiaj8LQ3GR2VPQWpFTmx5Nnc/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Governor Jerry Brown raising red flags about the merger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have made great strides to make sure that our electricity is as clean as possible,” says California Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon. “I want to make sure that joining a wider grid doesn’t impact that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Storing vs. Sharing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that joining electric grids isn’t the only way to deal with excess renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”EfB9kf250phSVRQi9fJGcucaaiRZAMC8″]“Energy storage is probably the biggest hammer in the toolbox,” says Paul Denholm, analyst at the National Renewable Energy Lab in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large batteries and other energy storage technologies could store the excess solar energy California is producing during the day. But until prices come down, storage remains costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denholm says according to his analysis, California will probably need both storage and a regional grid to reach its 50 percent renewable goal in the most cost-effective way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other types of energy, apart from solar, could also become more flexible. Many natural gas power plants have signed contracts with utilities that limit how often they can be turned off or ramped up and down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure we can schedule the power plants to be available when needed,” Denholm says. “Those contracts have to change so the output from the power plants can vary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With renewable energy growing at a rapid clip, other states could soon face the same challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at a tipping point for wind and solar,” Denholm says. “Wind and solar in many places in the country is actually the cheapest option. And that’s the first time in history where that’s been the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator and PacifiCorp will spend the next two years studying their plan to integrate, as well as making their case before regulators in several states. If the plan moves ahead, the two would join up by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It actually \u003cem>is\u003c/em> a problem. And the solutions are either expensive or controversial.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930410,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":49,"wordCount":1337},"headData":{"title":"What Will California Do With Too Much Solar? | KQED","description":"It actually is a problem. And the solutions are either expensive or controversial.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Will California Do With Too Much Solar?","datePublished":"2016-04-04T07:01:30.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:46:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":305,"path":"/science/610026/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBWesternGridSommer160404.mp3","audioDuration":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Solar energy records are falling left and right in California these days, as the state steams ahead toward its ambitious renewable energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the success of solar has brought about a hidden downside: on some perfectly sunny days, solar farms are being told to turn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because in the spring and fall, when Californians aren’t using much air conditioning and demand for electricity is low, the surge of midday solar power is more than the state can use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s becoming a growing concern for those running the grid at the California Independent System Operator. At their Folsom headquarters, a team continually manages the power supply for most of the state, keeping the lights on for some 30 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly solving a constant problem, meaning you’re always trying to balance,” says Nancy Traweek, who directs system operations for the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>TOO MUCH RENEWABLE POWER\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> On March 27, a sunny day, some solar farms had to shut down because there was more power on the grid than Californians were using. \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611449\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1730px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-611449\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"SOURCE: California ISO. \" width=\"1730\" height=\"1000\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: California ISO. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ups and Downs of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, balancing California’s electric was fairly straightforward. The power supply was constant, coming from natural gas and nuclear power plants that put out a steady stream of electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the growth of solar and wind power has thrown a wild card in the mix. The sun and wind are much less predictable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden you have a major cloud that comes over a solar field,” Traweek says, and that causes the solar power to drop off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [power] needs to come from somewhere else immediately,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So grid operators have to keep the natural gas plants running in the background. If they’re turned off, many take four to eight hours start up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s highest demand for electricity also happens right as the sun goes down, when Californians come home from work and lights turn on. Grid operators need natural gas power plants at the ready to meet that peak and to fill the gap that’s left by solar power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBWesternGridSommer160404.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>But add up all those energy sources – solar, wind, natural gas, as well as hydropower, nuclear and others – and on some days, they’re making more electricity than California needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it gets really bad, now we really got to start cutting as much as we possibly can,” Traweek says. “If that’s not done, then you could have a blackout.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, grid operators have to tell solar farms to shut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s zero-carbon, clean energy,” says Keith Casey, a vice president at the California Independent System Operator. “It would just be a travesty to curtail large amounts of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casey says the problem will only get worse as more solar and wind connect to the grid. California plans to hit 50 percent renewable energy by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joining Grids Across the West\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s grid operator is developing a solution, one that is garnering controversy across state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_610986\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-610986 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grid operators manage 80 percent of California’s transmission system at the California Independent System Operator. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, California’s grid runs mostly on its own, like an island. But there are power lines reaching across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re operating your little piece of the system,” Casey says, “but if you can operate it as an integrated whole, you can just operate the system more efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Casey is proposing California join up with its neighbors. Instead of having lots of electric grids across the West, each doing their own thing, there would be a larger regional grid, sharing power across state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When California has too much solar power, neighboring states would buy it, preventing California from having to switch off the solar farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a win-win,” Casey says. “We really think we need to seize the most efficient opportunities that are out there for integrating renewables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This marriage of electric grids would start with \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PacifiCorp\u003c/a>, a utility that runs its own grid in Oregon, Utah, Idaho and Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/StudyBenefits-PacifiCorp-ISOIntegration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study commissioned by PacifiCorp \u003c/a>found that customers across both regions would save $154 to $335 million annually through sharing lower-cost renewable energy and avoiding turning off solar farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coal Power on the Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PacifiCorp isn’t a partner everyone wants to get in bed with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PacifiCorp is by far the largest owner of coal plants in the Western United States,” says Travis Ritchie, an attorney with the Sierra Club. In 2014, more than 60 percent of PacifiCorp’s electricity came from coal power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611762\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-611762\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-611762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-800x965.jpg\" alt=\"ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories\" width=\"378\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-800x965.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-400x482.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-768x926.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-1180x1423.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-960x1158.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: \u003ccite>(California Independent System Operator)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s a big problem for California,” he says. “We have put forth a lot of really great policy measures to stop coal for climate reasons, for pollution reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PacifiCorp’s coal power wouldn’t necessarily flow into California. The state’s climate change law, AB 32, means that electricity from other states has a price tacked on that raises the cost of fossil fuels to account for their carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ritchie warns that joining a regional electric grid, governed across several states with different agendas, could mean giving up some of California’s autonomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will California actually lose the ability lead on climate issues if it gives up its power to Utah and Wyoming, two states that are actively fighting everything about climate change that California is working to promote?” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several state legislators have the same concern. In February, they \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwIXiaj8LQ3GR2VPQWpFTmx5Nnc/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Governor Jerry Brown raising red flags about the merger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have made great strides to make sure that our electricity is as clean as possible,” says California Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon. “I want to make sure that joining a wider grid doesn’t impact that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Storing vs. Sharing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that joining electric grids isn’t the only way to deal with excess renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“Energy storage is probably the biggest hammer in the toolbox,” says Paul Denholm, analyst at the National Renewable Energy Lab in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large batteries and other energy storage technologies could store the excess solar energy California is producing during the day. But until prices come down, storage remains costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denholm says according to his analysis, California will probably need both storage and a regional grid to reach its 50 percent renewable goal in the most cost-effective way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other types of energy, apart from solar, could also become more flexible. Many natural gas power plants have signed contracts with utilities that limit how often they can be turned off or ramped up and down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure we can schedule the power plants to be available when needed,” Denholm says. “Those contracts have to change so the output from the power plants can vary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With renewable energy growing at a rapid clip, other states could soon face the same challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at a tipping point for wind and solar,” Denholm says. “Wind and solar in many places in the country is actually the cheapest option. And that’s the first time in history where that’s been the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator and PacifiCorp will spend the next two years studying their plan to integrate, as well as making their case before regulators in several states. If the plan moves ahead, the two would join up by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/610026/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_1916","science_1041","science_283","science_140","science_138"],"featImg":"science_610114","label":"science"},"science_485125":{"type":"posts","id":"science_485125","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"485125","score":null,"sort":[1453690840000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california","title":"Carbon Capture Flops in California Despite Millions in Investment","publishDate":1453690840,"format":"image","headTitle":"Carbon Capture Flops in California Despite Millions in Investment | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>California is barreling ahead with its ambitious climate change goals, pushing renewable energy and cleaner cars. That doesn’t mean that fossil fuels are going away anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some doubt that the state can meet its lofty goals without capturing carbon emissions from fossil-fired power plants and stashing it someplace, like deep underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite millions in government investment, “carbon capture and storage,” as it’s called, has largely flopped in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with high costs and public opposition, several projects have failed to move beyond the planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/01/Sciencecarboncapturefull.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot projects gathered momentum six years ago, when they got a boost from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.gov/recovery-act\">federal Recovery Act funding program\u003c/a>, which was designed to develop emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, Keith Pronske, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanenergysystems.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Energy Systems\u003c/a> was riding a wave of optimism for the carbon capture project he was developing, known as the Kimberlina power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is about changing the way power is produced.”\u003ccite>Keith Pronske, Clean Energy Systems\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a lot of interest,” he told me in 2009. “We’ve had a lot of folks from really all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power plant burned natural gas, which is still where most of California’s electricity comes from. But this one had a key difference: Pronske pointed to an overhead pipe wide enough that it looked like you could roll basketballs through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is essentially pure CO2,” he said. “Instead of a big stack venting everything to atmosphere, we’re capturing it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske’s idea was to take the carbon dioxide, compress it, and inject it underground, where it would be permanently trapped by rock layers thousands of feet down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about changing the way power is produced,” he said. “If you bring the carbon up, use it and put it back is the basic idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was designed to be a model project, the first of its kind in California to demonstrate zero-carbon energy from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years later, it remains a dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s been a bit of a wild ride and we’ve had a few bumps,” Pronske said, when I caught up with him in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company’s plans had largely stalled. He had looked for a utility to buy the electricity from his power plant, but with little success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485136 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg\" alt=\"How carbon capture and sequestration works.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-400x248.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-768x475.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many carbon-capture-and-sequestration, or CCS schemes aim to intercept carbon emissions and store them underground. \u003ccite>(Vattenfall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The big focus is on renewable energy – wind and solar,” he said, which utilities are mandated to purchase by state policy. “So we had a hard time finding a market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His project’s electricity would be pricier than wind or solar because it also has to cover the cost of burying the carbon underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You bang your head against the wall several times and you figure out it’s not going to really accomplish anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Projects Stall Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske isn’t alone. Two other carbon capture projects in California are facing the same fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in Northern California was cancelled. C6 Resources, an affiliate of Shell, \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/fe/articles/secretary-chu-announces-first-awards-14-billion-industrial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was awarded $3 million\u003c/a> in stimulus funds for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/norcal_co2reduction_project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern California CO2 Reduction Project\u003c/a>, where a million tons of carbon were to be sequestered underground in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the lion’s share of stimulus funding went to \u003ca href=\"http://hydrogenenergycalifornia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrogen Energy California\u003c/a> (HECA), a larger project in Kern County. The Department of Energy offered it more than $400 million in grants. It’s already spent $152 million, but it missed so many deadlines, it had to give up its claim on $122 million last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HECA had originally planned to sell the carbon it captured to the oil industry, where it would have been used to boost production from oil wells. After those plans fell through, the project is now looking to sequester the carbon underground, if it can overcome some fierce pubic opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that these projects are green in some way is not true,” said Evan Gillespie, who runs the campaign against the project for the Sierra Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gQN8H1y3bLQFyuhusmTVtazUF1miwYuW”]Unlike Pronske’s natural gas project, HECA would use coal, a fuel California has spurned because of its air pollution and huge carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that we were going to provide a lifeline to an industry that is a huge public health threat and is actively destroying our climate,” said Gillespie. “We found it really problematic to see a state like California that was such a leader on green energy be so open to coal again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie does see a limited role for capturing carbon. “There are a number of heavy industries: steel, cement factories,” he said. “But in the electric sector, there are just too many cheaper options that have no carbon footprint.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a core debate around capturing carbon from power plants. Some see it as a way to prop up fossil fuels. Others say we won’t be able to cut carbon emissions fast enough without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, when international leaders met in Paris to tackle climate change, scientists said that the world would have to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/54e0d2bd61d24a6eb9d1d57840bc8a22/paris-climate-goals-mean-emissions-need-drop-below-zero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drastically cut emissions\u003c/a>, even to negative levels, to avoid the most catastrophic impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to de-carbonize everything we can,” says Sally Benson, a professor of energy at Stanford University and a longtime proponent of carbon capture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have to wait to replace every gas or coal plant with renewables, I think we’ve run out of time,” she says. The power plants being built today will keep emitting for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Going Too Big?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benson admits that big challenges remain for carbon capture. Getting permits for the projects at the county and state level can be complicated, to put it kindly. There are also questions of liability about who is responsible for keeping the carbon underground indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485140\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-485140\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Clean Energy Systems' Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-400x260.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-768x499.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-1180x767.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina.jpg 1372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clean Energy Systems’ Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Financing may be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start talking half-billion to one-billion-dollar projects, people begin to get nervous,” said Pronske.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t stopped a state agency, the California Air Resources Board, from kick-starting a brand new process in February to \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccs/ccs.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set up rules and guidelines\u003c/a> for carbon capture projects, in the hope that the technology will become part of the state’s strategy to meet its climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon capture and sequestration has the potential to help us meet our long term goals, but we need to better understand the extent and ensure that any projects would maintain environmental integrity,” said Dave Clegern, a spokesperson at the Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming state guidelines are giving many in the carbon capture industry hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are critical to establish greater certainty for investors in commercialization and in assuring environmental protection and climate change benefits,” said Elizabeth Burton, technical director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership\u003c/a> (WESTCARB), a research collaboration launched by the Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burton defends the use of government stimulus funding on the previous projects, saying the work they completed could inform future projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were also useful in progressing the technology by laying the groundwork and providing lessons learned for how to develop a carbon capture, use and storage project in California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a string of high-profile failures around the country, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bna.com/doe-suspends-billion-n17179922773/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.65 billion FutureGen project\u003c/a> in Illinois, Pronske worries that carbon capture is getting a bad reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a little frustrating, just because it’s Goldilocks and the Three Bears,” he said. “We went too big to start with. The real issue is getting across the valley of death of: how do we get these first plants built?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting a hefty price on carbon pollution could be the silver bullet the industry is looking for. If polluters have to pay for every ton of carbon they emit, capturing carbon from power plants starts to look pretty good, Benson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there really has to be clear price on carbon,” she speculates. “$50 a ton plus – that will get people to really pay attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already has put a price on carbon, as part of its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, but it’s only about $12 dollars a ton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a roller coaster and I’m sure it will continue to be that way for a long time,” Benson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, regulators at the California Energy Commission will decide the final fate of the HECA project sometime this spring.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State officials aren't giving up on the idea of snatching carbon emissions and stashing them underground, but investors and utilities might be.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930737,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":51,"wordCount":1520},"headData":{"title":"Carbon Capture Flops in California Despite Millions in Investment | KQED","description":"State officials aren't giving up on the idea of snatching carbon emissions and stashing them underground, but investors and utilities might be.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Carbon Capture Flops in California Despite Millions in Investment","datePublished":"2016-01-25T03:00:40.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:52:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/485125/despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/01/Sciencecarboncapturefull.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is barreling ahead with its ambitious climate change goals, pushing renewable energy and cleaner cars. That doesn’t mean that fossil fuels are going away anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some doubt that the state can meet its lofty goals without capturing carbon emissions from fossil-fired power plants and stashing it someplace, like deep underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite millions in government investment, “carbon capture and storage,” as it’s called, has largely flopped in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with high costs and public opposition, several projects have failed to move beyond the planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/01/Sciencecarboncapturefull.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot projects gathered momentum six years ago, when they got a boost from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.gov/recovery-act\">federal Recovery Act funding program\u003c/a>, which was designed to develop emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, Keith Pronske, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanenergysystems.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Energy Systems\u003c/a> was riding a wave of optimism for the carbon capture project he was developing, known as the Kimberlina power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is about changing the way power is produced.”\u003ccite>Keith Pronske, Clean Energy Systems\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a lot of interest,” he told me in 2009. “We’ve had a lot of folks from really all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power plant burned natural gas, which is still where most of California’s electricity comes from. But this one had a key difference: Pronske pointed to an overhead pipe wide enough that it looked like you could roll basketballs through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is essentially pure CO2,” he said. “Instead of a big stack venting everything to atmosphere, we’re capturing it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske’s idea was to take the carbon dioxide, compress it, and inject it underground, where it would be permanently trapped by rock layers thousands of feet down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about changing the way power is produced,” he said. “If you bring the carbon up, use it and put it back is the basic idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was designed to be a model project, the first of its kind in California to demonstrate zero-carbon energy from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years later, it remains a dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s been a bit of a wild ride and we’ve had a few bumps,” Pronske said, when I caught up with him in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company’s plans had largely stalled. He had looked for a utility to buy the electricity from his power plant, but with little success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485136 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg\" alt=\"How carbon capture and sequestration works.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-400x248.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-768x475.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many carbon-capture-and-sequestration, or CCS schemes aim to intercept carbon emissions and store them underground. \u003ccite>(Vattenfall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The big focus is on renewable energy – wind and solar,” he said, which utilities are mandated to purchase by state policy. “So we had a hard time finding a market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His project’s electricity would be pricier than wind or solar because it also has to cover the cost of burying the carbon underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You bang your head against the wall several times and you figure out it’s not going to really accomplish anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Projects Stall Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske isn’t alone. Two other carbon capture projects in California are facing the same fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in Northern California was cancelled. C6 Resources, an affiliate of Shell, \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/fe/articles/secretary-chu-announces-first-awards-14-billion-industrial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was awarded $3 million\u003c/a> in stimulus funds for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/norcal_co2reduction_project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern California CO2 Reduction Project\u003c/a>, where a million tons of carbon were to be sequestered underground in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the lion’s share of stimulus funding went to \u003ca href=\"http://hydrogenenergycalifornia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrogen Energy California\u003c/a> (HECA), a larger project in Kern County. The Department of Energy offered it more than $400 million in grants. It’s already spent $152 million, but it missed so many deadlines, it had to give up its claim on $122 million last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HECA had originally planned to sell the carbon it captured to the oil industry, where it would have been used to boost production from oil wells. After those plans fell through, the project is now looking to sequester the carbon underground, if it can overcome some fierce pubic opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that these projects are green in some way is not true,” said Evan Gillespie, who runs the campaign against the project for the Sierra Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Unlike Pronske’s natural gas project, HECA would use coal, a fuel California has spurned because of its air pollution and huge carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that we were going to provide a lifeline to an industry that is a huge public health threat and is actively destroying our climate,” said Gillespie. “We found it really problematic to see a state like California that was such a leader on green energy be so open to coal again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie does see a limited role for capturing carbon. “There are a number of heavy industries: steel, cement factories,” he said. “But in the electric sector, there are just too many cheaper options that have no carbon footprint.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a core debate around capturing carbon from power plants. Some see it as a way to prop up fossil fuels. Others say we won’t be able to cut carbon emissions fast enough without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, when international leaders met in Paris to tackle climate change, scientists said that the world would have to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/54e0d2bd61d24a6eb9d1d57840bc8a22/paris-climate-goals-mean-emissions-need-drop-below-zero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drastically cut emissions\u003c/a>, even to negative levels, to avoid the most catastrophic impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to de-carbonize everything we can,” says Sally Benson, a professor of energy at Stanford University and a longtime proponent of carbon capture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have to wait to replace every gas or coal plant with renewables, I think we’ve run out of time,” she says. The power plants being built today will keep emitting for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Going Too Big?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benson admits that big challenges remain for carbon capture. Getting permits for the projects at the county and state level can be complicated, to put it kindly. There are also questions of liability about who is responsible for keeping the carbon underground indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485140\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-485140\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Clean Energy Systems' Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-400x260.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-768x499.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-1180x767.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina.jpg 1372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clean Energy Systems’ Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Financing may be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start talking half-billion to one-billion-dollar projects, people begin to get nervous,” said Pronske.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t stopped a state agency, the California Air Resources Board, from kick-starting a brand new process in February to \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccs/ccs.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set up rules and guidelines\u003c/a> for carbon capture projects, in the hope that the technology will become part of the state’s strategy to meet its climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon capture and sequestration has the potential to help us meet our long term goals, but we need to better understand the extent and ensure that any projects would maintain environmental integrity,” said Dave Clegern, a spokesperson at the Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming state guidelines are giving many in the carbon capture industry hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are critical to establish greater certainty for investors in commercialization and in assuring environmental protection and climate change benefits,” said Elizabeth Burton, technical director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership\u003c/a> (WESTCARB), a research collaboration launched by the Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burton defends the use of government stimulus funding on the previous projects, saying the work they completed could inform future projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were also useful in progressing the technology by laying the groundwork and providing lessons learned for how to develop a carbon capture, use and storage project in California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a string of high-profile failures around the country, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bna.com/doe-suspends-billion-n17179922773/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.65 billion FutureGen project\u003c/a> in Illinois, Pronske worries that carbon capture is getting a bad reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a little frustrating, just because it’s Goldilocks and the Three Bears,” he said. “We went too big to start with. The real issue is getting across the valley of death of: how do we get these first plants built?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting a hefty price on carbon pollution could be the silver bullet the industry is looking for. If polluters have to pay for every ton of carbon they emit, capturing carbon from power plants starts to look pretty good, Benson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there really has to be clear price on carbon,” she speculates. “$50 a ton plus – that will get people to really pay attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already has put a price on carbon, as part of its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, but it’s only about $12 dollars a ton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a roller coaster and I’m sure it will continue to be that way for a long time,” Benson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, regulators at the California Energy Commission will decide the final fate of the HECA project sometime this spring.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/485125/despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_765","science_2856","science_194","science_1916","science_135","science_134","science_1041"],"featImg":"science_490612","label":"science"},"science_58815":{"type":"posts","id":"science_58815","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"58815","score":null,"sort":[1434984900000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"coal-train-dust-worries-richmond-residents","title":"Coal Train Dust Worries Richmond Residents","publishDate":1434984900,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Coal Train Dust Worries Richmond Residents | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/Coal_dust.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This post contains a \u003ca href=\"#correction\">correction.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTrains heaped with coal pass through Richmond every week on their way to the city’s port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Parchester Village, a largely black and Latino neighborhood in northwestern Richmond, residents say coal dust blows off the open mounds, covering the grass and coating their screen doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This little neighborhood, nobody seems to care about,” says Paul Marquis, who moved to Parchester Village three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquis says in the last year, he’s seen more trains go by, and more black dust on his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s everywhere,” he says. “If your truck sits here for two, three days without moving you can write your name on the front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58819\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-58819\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Marquis wipes dust from his screen door. He says the dust blows off open mounds of coal as trains pass by. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Marquis wipes dust from his screen door. He says the dust blows off open mounds of coal as trains pass by. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To demonstrate, Marquis pours a bucket of water down his screen door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It runs off dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That coal trains can lose particles and dust from open cars is no news to BNSF Railway, which has studied the issue. BNSF found that every uncovered coal car can lose between 500 pounds and one ton of coal in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s such a big safety problem on the tracks that BNSF requires coal companies in Montana and Wyoming that ship a lot of volume to cover their coal cars or spray them down to reduce the amount of dust lost in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no such rule applies to the coal cars traveling through Richmond because those shipments come from Colorado and Utah, states that don’t ship as much volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After passing Parchester Village, the coal cars trundle on to the privately owned Levin-Richmond Terminal on the waterfront, just south of Interstate 580.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he doesn’t know how many coal trains pass through his town because federal law protects that information. But he describes it as “a big operation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-131296\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-800x399.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"356\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-800x399.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-400x200.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1440x719.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1400x699.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1180x589.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-960x479.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map.jpg 1915w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\">\u003c/a>Last year Richmond exported more than a million tons of coal and petcoke combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal ships mostly to Japan and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petcoke comes in covered trucks from the nearby Phillips66 refinery to load onto boats headed for Australia and Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are worried,” says Butt. In the last year he says more residents have called his office to ask about the coal cars. “Fresh coal actually does have an odor to it,” he explains. “People can smell it and they see it and they don’t know what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time the contents of stockpiles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal have raised concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Our staff saw the material dropping from the conveyor belt directly into the water, saw it falling off the piles into the water, and blowing off of the piles into the water.”\u003ccite>Sejal Choksi-Chugh\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Baykeeper\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The company began exporting coal in 2013, but before that had exported petcoke for at least a couple of decades. Three years ago, an environmental group sued the Levin-Richmond Terminal over its handling of the petroleum by-product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will pile it up very high on the order of ten, twenty, thirty feet high on the dock,” says Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff at the non-profit observed problems at the terminal during a boating patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our staff saw the material dropping from the conveyor belt directly into the water, saw it falling off the piles into the water, and blowing off of the piles into the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baykeeper sued the Levin-Richmond Terminal for violating the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admitting no wrongdoing, the company settled the lawsuit in 2014. The terminal operator agreed to enclose the conveyor system it used to load the ships and to stop loading when the wind is too strong. Choksi-Chugh says the settlement has reduced water pollution problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing has been done, however, to address potential health problems related to airborne particles from the piles of coal and petcoke, or from the rail cars that transport the coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to be interviewed but in a written statement said it complies with all regulations and rules, and is considering a plan to enclose the stockpiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58822\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-58822\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he'd like to know how much coal dust blows from open piles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal. Coal particles can break down into smaller particulate matter that's harmful to lungs, as they get kicked up over and over by cars and shoes. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he’d like to know how much coal dust blows from open piles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal. Coal particles can break down into smaller particulate matter that’s harmful to lungs, as they get kicked up over and over by cars and shoes. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just outside the terminal fence, Mayor Butt bends down to scoop up a handful of black soot, “You can see there’s dust here. You can see the remnants of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Butt the question isn’t whether there’s dust escaping the Levin-Richmond terminal operations, it’s “How much, and how far away does it move, and what’s the size of the particulate matter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butt says that’s information he’s like to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law regulates petcoke and coal dust — not as toxic substances — but as particulate matter. Because particulate matter tends to effect communities in close proximity to the source, it usually falls to state and local governments to enforce limits. That’s one reason efforts to diminish particulate matter from petcoke and coal vary widely in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air regulators for the San Francisco Bay have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/Files/Planning%20and%20Research/Rules%20and%20Regs/reg%2006/rg0601.ashx?la=en\">district rule\u003c/a> that prohibits visible dust from crossing property lines, but according to Eric Stevenson with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, it’s hard to enforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An inspector has to be there for a certain amount of time,” Stevenson explains, “see the dust particles crossing across the fence line, ensure that those particles are coming from that facility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Usually what we do is attack emissions and things like that in a ‘What are we going to get the biggest bang for our buck?’ kind-of-way.”\u003ccite>Eric Stevenson\u003cbr>\nBay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Documents obtained by KQED under a public records request shows that BAAQMD’s inspections of the Levin-Richmond terminal found no visible dust coming off the property from 1997 to 2011. And then regular inspections stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the inspector assigned to the facility investigated a complaint of dust coming from the terminal, but found no supporting evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years, since Baykeeper sued and coal exports began, the air district has not inspected the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge for regulators is that the district lacks specific rules governing the storage or transport of petcoke and coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson says regulators focus resources on the largest sources of emissions, like Chevron and other Bay Area refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually what we do is attack emissions and things like that in a ‘what are we going to get the biggest bang for our buck?’ kind-of-way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-58918\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-800x369.png\" alt=\"Aerial view of Levin-Richmond Terminal, via Google. The dark ovals are piles of petcoke or coal waiting for export. \" width=\"800\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-800x369.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-400x184.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-960x443.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond.png 1089w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Levin-Richmond Terminal, via Google. The dark ovals are piles of petcoke or coal waiting for export.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compared to Chevron, the Levin Richmond Terminal is small potatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Los Angeles and Long Beach Ports, exports of petcoke and coal are a much bigger deal. Shipments of both started causing problems there over twenty years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a significant number of complaints from residents near the ports,” recalls Mohsen Nazemi with the South Coast Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazemi, who directs engineering and compliance, says the houses of people living near rail tracks and truck routes were blanketed with black soot, and so were the schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought it was a health issue,” Nazemi says, “because some of the particles were fine particles and if you inhale fine particles it can cause respiratory and other types of health problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the l980’s the South Coast Air District adopted \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/rule-book/reg-xi/rule-1158.pdf?sfvrsn=4\">new rules\u003c/a> that require refineries and ports to enclose conveyor belts and stockpiles. Trains and trucks had to cover their loads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-quality-monitoring-studies/rule-1158-follow-up-studies/rule-1158-follow-up-study-12-and-13-combo.pdf?sfvrsn=7\"> report \u003c/a>found no more significant problems with petroleum coke and coal dust in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Richmond City Council passed a\u003ca href=\"http://sireweb.ci.richmond.ca.us/sirepub/cache/2/jlwxxvmweoumpgnmf50eigzo/43345206172015010728238.PDF\"> resolution\u003c/a> urging Bay Area air regulators to adopt the South Coast’s rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58913\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-58913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Sahagun with the California Nurses Association is surveying the health of residents in Richmond's Parchester Village. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Sahagun with the California Nurses Association is surveying the health of residents in Richmond’s Parchester Village. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Air district staff is drafting regulations that would closely mirror Southern California’s rule but it could take a year or two for the board to adopt them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, the Sierra Club and the California Nurses Association began surveying residents at Parchester Village for health impacts from coal dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day of the survey, nurse Maria Sahagun knocked on the door of a house where the back yard faces the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A six-year-old girl was doing cartwheels across the yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So agile!” exclaims Sahagun. Then, fighting back tears, observes, “She’s the perfect example of the children in this community that are affected by the coal dust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahagun, who worked at Doctors Medical Center until it closed in April, says the girl has asthma so severe medications sometimes don’t work and she has to go to the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists plan to continue surveying Richmond residents through the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BAAQMD’s board is expected to begin parsing new regulations on coal and petcoke dust later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> This post originally stated that BNSF owns the train tracks that ship coal to Richmond. In fact, BNSF does not ship coal in California. Union Pacific “has on occasion hauled coal to the city of Richmond,” according to a company spokesman. The coal comes mainly from Colorado and Utah.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ashy black powders blow from open coal cars and pile on the Richmond dock, and no regulation prohibits it.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931663,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":56,"wordCount":1688},"headData":{"title":"Coal Train Dust Worries Richmond Residents | KQED","description":"Ashy black powders blow from open coal cars and pile on the Richmond dock, and no regulation prohibits it.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Coal Train Dust Worries Richmond Residents","datePublished":"2015-06-22T14:55:00.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:07:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Julie Small","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/58815/coal-train-dust-worries-richmond-residents","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/Coal_dust.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/Coal_dust.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This post contains a \u003ca href=\"#correction\">correction.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTrains heaped with coal pass through Richmond every week on their way to the city’s port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Parchester Village, a largely black and Latino neighborhood in northwestern Richmond, residents say coal dust blows off the open mounds, covering the grass and coating their screen doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This little neighborhood, nobody seems to care about,” says Paul Marquis, who moved to Parchester Village three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquis says in the last year, he’s seen more trains go by, and more black dust on his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s everywhere,” he says. “If your truck sits here for two, three days without moving you can write your name on the front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58819\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-58819\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Marquis wipes dust from his screen door. He says the dust blows off open mounds of coal as trains pass by. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Marquis wipes dust from his screen door. He says the dust blows off open mounds of coal as trains pass by. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To demonstrate, Marquis pours a bucket of water down his screen door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It runs off dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That coal trains can lose particles and dust from open cars is no news to BNSF Railway, which has studied the issue. BNSF found that every uncovered coal car can lose between 500 pounds and one ton of coal in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s such a big safety problem on the tracks that BNSF requires coal companies in Montana and Wyoming that ship a lot of volume to cover their coal cars or spray them down to reduce the amount of dust lost in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no such rule applies to the coal cars traveling through Richmond because those shipments come from Colorado and Utah, states that don’t ship as much volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After passing Parchester Village, the coal cars trundle on to the privately owned Levin-Richmond Terminal on the waterfront, just south of Interstate 580.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he doesn’t know how many coal trains pass through his town because federal law protects that information. But he describes it as “a big operation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-131296\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-800x399.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"356\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-800x399.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-400x200.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1440x719.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1400x699.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1180x589.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-960x479.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map.jpg 1915w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\">\u003c/a>Last year Richmond exported more than a million tons of coal and petcoke combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal ships mostly to Japan and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petcoke comes in covered trucks from the nearby Phillips66 refinery to load onto boats headed for Australia and Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are worried,” says Butt. In the last year he says more residents have called his office to ask about the coal cars. “Fresh coal actually does have an odor to it,” he explains. “People can smell it and they see it and they don’t know what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time the contents of stockpiles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal have raised concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Our staff saw the material dropping from the conveyor belt directly into the water, saw it falling off the piles into the water, and blowing off of the piles into the water.”\u003ccite>Sejal Choksi-Chugh\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Baykeeper\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The company began exporting coal in 2013, but before that had exported petcoke for at least a couple of decades. Three years ago, an environmental group sued the Levin-Richmond Terminal over its handling of the petroleum by-product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will pile it up very high on the order of ten, twenty, thirty feet high on the dock,” says Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff at the non-profit observed problems at the terminal during a boating patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our staff saw the material dropping from the conveyor belt directly into the water, saw it falling off the piles into the water, and blowing off of the piles into the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baykeeper sued the Levin-Richmond Terminal for violating the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admitting no wrongdoing, the company settled the lawsuit in 2014. The terminal operator agreed to enclose the conveyor system it used to load the ships and to stop loading when the wind is too strong. Choksi-Chugh says the settlement has reduced water pollution problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing has been done, however, to address potential health problems related to airborne particles from the piles of coal and petcoke, or from the rail cars that transport the coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to be interviewed but in a written statement said it complies with all regulations and rules, and is considering a plan to enclose the stockpiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58822\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-58822\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he'd like to know how much coal dust blows from open piles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal. Coal particles can break down into smaller particulate matter that's harmful to lungs, as they get kicked up over and over by cars and shoes. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he’d like to know how much coal dust blows from open piles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal. Coal particles can break down into smaller particulate matter that’s harmful to lungs, as they get kicked up over and over by cars and shoes. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just outside the terminal fence, Mayor Butt bends down to scoop up a handful of black soot, “You can see there’s dust here. You can see the remnants of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Butt the question isn’t whether there’s dust escaping the Levin-Richmond terminal operations, it’s “How much, and how far away does it move, and what’s the size of the particulate matter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butt says that’s information he’s like to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law regulates petcoke and coal dust — not as toxic substances — but as particulate matter. Because particulate matter tends to effect communities in close proximity to the source, it usually falls to state and local governments to enforce limits. That’s one reason efforts to diminish particulate matter from petcoke and coal vary widely in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air regulators for the San Francisco Bay have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/Files/Planning%20and%20Research/Rules%20and%20Regs/reg%2006/rg0601.ashx?la=en\">district rule\u003c/a> that prohibits visible dust from crossing property lines, but according to Eric Stevenson with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, it’s hard to enforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An inspector has to be there for a certain amount of time,” Stevenson explains, “see the dust particles crossing across the fence line, ensure that those particles are coming from that facility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Usually what we do is attack emissions and things like that in a ‘What are we going to get the biggest bang for our buck?’ kind-of-way.”\u003ccite>Eric Stevenson\u003cbr>\nBay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Documents obtained by KQED under a public records request shows that BAAQMD’s inspections of the Levin-Richmond terminal found no visible dust coming off the property from 1997 to 2011. And then regular inspections stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the inspector assigned to the facility investigated a complaint of dust coming from the terminal, but found no supporting evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years, since Baykeeper sued and coal exports began, the air district has not inspected the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge for regulators is that the district lacks specific rules governing the storage or transport of petcoke and coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson says regulators focus resources on the largest sources of emissions, like Chevron and other Bay Area refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually what we do is attack emissions and things like that in a ‘what are we going to get the biggest bang for our buck?’ kind-of-way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-58918\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-800x369.png\" alt=\"Aerial view of Levin-Richmond Terminal, via Google. The dark ovals are piles of petcoke or coal waiting for export. \" width=\"800\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-800x369.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-400x184.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-960x443.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond.png 1089w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Levin-Richmond Terminal, via Google. The dark ovals are piles of petcoke or coal waiting for export.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compared to Chevron, the Levin Richmond Terminal is small potatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Los Angeles and Long Beach Ports, exports of petcoke and coal are a much bigger deal. Shipments of both started causing problems there over twenty years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a significant number of complaints from residents near the ports,” recalls Mohsen Nazemi with the South Coast Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazemi, who directs engineering and compliance, says the houses of people living near rail tracks and truck routes were blanketed with black soot, and so were the schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought it was a health issue,” Nazemi says, “because some of the particles were fine particles and if you inhale fine particles it can cause respiratory and other types of health problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the l980’s the South Coast Air District adopted \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/rule-book/reg-xi/rule-1158.pdf?sfvrsn=4\">new rules\u003c/a> that require refineries and ports to enclose conveyor belts and stockpiles. Trains and trucks had to cover their loads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-quality-monitoring-studies/rule-1158-follow-up-studies/rule-1158-follow-up-study-12-and-13-combo.pdf?sfvrsn=7\"> report \u003c/a>found no more significant problems with petroleum coke and coal dust in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Richmond City Council passed a\u003ca href=\"http://sireweb.ci.richmond.ca.us/sirepub/cache/2/jlwxxvmweoumpgnmf50eigzo/43345206172015010728238.PDF\"> resolution\u003c/a> urging Bay Area air regulators to adopt the South Coast’s rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58913\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-58913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Sahagun with the California Nurses Association is surveying the health of residents in Richmond's Parchester Village. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Sahagun with the California Nurses Association is surveying the health of residents in Richmond’s Parchester Village. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Air district staff is drafting regulations that would closely mirror Southern California’s rule but it could take a year or two for the board to adopt them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, the Sierra Club and the California Nurses Association began surveying residents at Parchester Village for health impacts from coal dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day of the survey, nurse Maria Sahagun knocked on the door of a house where the back yard faces the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A six-year-old girl was doing cartwheels across the yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So agile!” exclaims Sahagun. Then, fighting back tears, observes, “She’s the perfect example of the children in this community that are affected by the coal dust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahagun, who worked at Doctors Medical Center until it closed in April, says the girl has asthma so severe medications sometimes don’t work and she has to go to the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists plan to continue surveying Richmond residents through the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BAAQMD’s board is expected to begin parsing new regulations on coal and petcoke dust later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> This post originally stated that BNSF owns the train tracks that ship coal to Richmond. In fact, BNSF does not ship coal in California. Union Pacific “has on occasion hauled coal to the city of Richmond,” according to a company spokesman. The coal comes mainly from Colorado and Utah.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/58815/coal-train-dust-worries-richmond-residents","authors":["byline_science_58815"],"categories":["science_33","science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_1916"],"featImg":"science_58817","label":"science"},"science_21988":{"type":"posts","id":"science_21988","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"21988","score":null,"sort":[1411672484000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"two-new-studies-underline-how-methane-matters-to-global-carbon-cycle","title":"Two New Studies Underline How Methane Matters to Global Carbon Cycle","publishDate":1411672484,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Two New Studies Underline How Methane Matters to Global Carbon Cycle | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/unhelpfulgas.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21989\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/unhelpfulgas.png\" alt=\"Gas is unhelpful in weaning us from carbon\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red and green lines in graph A show that gas supply, whether high (red) or low (green), does not appreciably affect carbon emissions under any given policy. “RPS” is “renewable portfolio standard,” a policy like the state of California’s that requires a percentage of renewable energy. An RPS forces gas to compete directly with coal. Graph B shows total carbon emissions over the next 40 years under different policies; the RPS option makes gas most effective as a bridge fuel by replacing coal. Figure 4 of Shearer et al., “The effect of natural gas supplies on US renewable energy and CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions” (\u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/9/9/094008/article\">open access\u003c/a>), \u003ci>Environmental Research Letters\u003c/i> (Christine Shearer/UC Irvine)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford geoscientist Ken Caldeira often says that the fossil-fuel energy system “uses the sky as a waste dump.” Carbon dioxide (CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>), the waste created by burning fossil fuels, has been building up in the atmosphere for centuries. CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions are setting new records every year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/\">Global Carbon Project\u003c/a>, and 2014’s emissions of this greenhouse gas will exceed the 40 billion ton level. The world’s nations are meeting in New York to start hammering out goals and strategies to reduce carbon consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas—methane or CH\u003csub>4\u003c/sub>—is often called a “bridge fuel” that will help us move away from the carbon-based energy system. As its chemical formula suggests, it relies on burning hydrogen, which yields harmless water as its waste product, more than burning carbon. And methane is abundant in the ground, and the industry is mature. There’s a lot to like about methane, and the arguments are strong. By economics and government policy, methane is already replacing coal as America’s preferred fuel for power generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two major problems with methane are that it still burns carbon (although less than half as much as coal) and that the gas itself is a potent greenhouse gas. Wherever it leaks into the air, methane does harm. Two new studies shed light on each of these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first \u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/9/9/094008/article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper\u003c/a>, published this week in the journal Environmental Research Letters, lead author Christine Shearer of UC Irvine argues that moving to methane might not yield us any gain in the fight against carbon. Her research team started with forecasts of the natural-gas supply from 23 different experts. This “expert elicitation” approach doesn’t nail down a precise estimate, but it does a good job of defining the range of plausible possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then used an energy model named MARKAL to see how those forecasts would change the mix of energy-producing technology, and the CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions that result, between 2015 and 2055. No matter how much methane is available, the results are pretty much the same: methane competes with coal, in line with the “bridge fuel” scenario, but it also competes with renewable fuels (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, tidal, etc.). Total carbon emissions differ by less than 10 percent under the whole range of gas supplies. The way to make the biggest change in emissions, the study suggests, is climate policy. Without a policy that requires movement toward renewable energy and away from fossil fuels, natural gas will still leave the sky as a waste dump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shearer’s study assumes that natural gas production has little or no methane leakage. But \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL061503/abstract\">a study in this month’s Geophysical Research Letters\u003c/a> led by Eric Kort, of the University of Michigan, used seven years of satellite observations to look at the large gas fields of the Four Corners region in the Southwest. It found that the area emitted nearly 600,000 tons of methane per year, or 1.8 times as much methane as the best “bottom-up” inventory suggested. That is, when a satellite looks down at the actual atmosphere, it finds twice as much methane as we estimate from surveying known methane sources on the ground. Probably it’s a combination of emissions going undetected and emissions going unreported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we end up needing a world carbon monitoring network, along the lines of our current nuclear bomb testing network, this is probably how it will be done.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Natural gas is often called a \"bridge fuel\" that will help ease us off of carbon-based energy. But a study suggests that without policies to push us toward renewables and away from fossil fuels, natural gas will still leave the sky as a waste dump.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932881,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":717},"headData":{"title":"Two New Studies Underline How Methane Matters to Global Carbon Cycle | KQED","description":"Natural gas is often called a "bridge fuel" that will help ease us off of carbon-based energy. But a study suggests that without policies to push us toward renewables and away from fossil fuels, natural gas will still leave the sky as a waste dump.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Two New Studies Underline How Methane Matters to Global Carbon Cycle","datePublished":"2014-09-25T19:14:44.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:28:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/21988/two-new-studies-underline-how-methane-matters-to-global-carbon-cycle","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/unhelpfulgas.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21989\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/unhelpfulgas.png\" alt=\"Gas is unhelpful in weaning us from carbon\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red and green lines in graph A show that gas supply, whether high (red) or low (green), does not appreciably affect carbon emissions under any given policy. “RPS” is “renewable portfolio standard,” a policy like the state of California’s that requires a percentage of renewable energy. An RPS forces gas to compete directly with coal. Graph B shows total carbon emissions over the next 40 years under different policies; the RPS option makes gas most effective as a bridge fuel by replacing coal. Figure 4 of Shearer et al., “The effect of natural gas supplies on US renewable energy and CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions” (\u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/9/9/094008/article\">open access\u003c/a>), \u003ci>Environmental Research Letters\u003c/i> (Christine Shearer/UC Irvine)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford geoscientist Ken Caldeira often says that the fossil-fuel energy system “uses the sky as a waste dump.” Carbon dioxide (CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>), the waste created by burning fossil fuels, has been building up in the atmosphere for centuries. CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions are setting new records every year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/\">Global Carbon Project\u003c/a>, and 2014’s emissions of this greenhouse gas will exceed the 40 billion ton level. The world’s nations are meeting in New York to start hammering out goals and strategies to reduce carbon consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas—methane or CH\u003csub>4\u003c/sub>—is often called a “bridge fuel” that will help us move away from the carbon-based energy system. As its chemical formula suggests, it relies on burning hydrogen, which yields harmless water as its waste product, more than burning carbon. And methane is abundant in the ground, and the industry is mature. There’s a lot to like about methane, and the arguments are strong. By economics and government policy, methane is already replacing coal as America’s preferred fuel for power generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two major problems with methane are that it still burns carbon (although less than half as much as coal) and that the gas itself is a potent greenhouse gas. Wherever it leaks into the air, methane does harm. Two new studies shed light on each of these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first \u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/9/9/094008/article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper\u003c/a>, published this week in the journal Environmental Research Letters, lead author Christine Shearer of UC Irvine argues that moving to methane might not yield us any gain in the fight against carbon. Her research team started with forecasts of the natural-gas supply from 23 different experts. This “expert elicitation” approach doesn’t nail down a precise estimate, but it does a good job of defining the range of plausible possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then used an energy model named MARKAL to see how those forecasts would change the mix of energy-producing technology, and the CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions that result, between 2015 and 2055. No matter how much methane is available, the results are pretty much the same: methane competes with coal, in line with the “bridge fuel” scenario, but it also competes with renewable fuels (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, tidal, etc.). Total carbon emissions differ by less than 10 percent under the whole range of gas supplies. The way to make the biggest change in emissions, the study suggests, is climate policy. Without a policy that requires movement toward renewable energy and away from fossil fuels, natural gas will still leave the sky as a waste dump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shearer’s study assumes that natural gas production has little or no methane leakage. But \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL061503/abstract\">a study in this month’s Geophysical Research Letters\u003c/a> led by Eric Kort, of the University of Michigan, used seven years of satellite observations to look at the large gas fields of the Four Corners region in the Southwest. It found that the area emitted nearly 600,000 tons of methane per year, or 1.8 times as much methane as the best “bottom-up” inventory suggested. That is, when a satellite looks down at the actual atmosphere, it finds twice as much methane as we estimate from surveying known methane sources on the ground. Probably it’s a combination of emissions going undetected and emissions going unreported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we end up needing a world carbon monitoring network, along the lines of our current nuclear bomb testing network, this is probably how it will be done.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/21988/two-new-studies-underline-how-methane-matters-to-global-carbon-cycle","authors":["6228"],"categories":["science_33","science_38"],"tags":["science_1627","science_1000","science_1916","science_784","science_1041","science_140"],"featImg":"science_21989","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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