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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A fire truck parked next to a floating station on San Francisco Bay sits in the path of rising seas. Floodwaters surround a police station during a massive atmospheric river. Motorcycle cops are trapped, unable to leave for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are not scenes from a Hollywood disaster flick but a stark reality laid out in the latest San Francisco Civil Grand Jury report, finding that a fractured approach to city infrastructure and a lack of fiscal transparency leave critical public safety assets vulnerable to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report published Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/resource/2024/civil-grand-jury-reports-2023-2024\">“Building San Francisco: Designing, Constructing, and Maintaining City Infrastructure\u003c/a>,” is the second within a month from the 19-person volunteer panel to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993278/san-franciscos-aging-infrastructure-ill-prepared-for-future-flooding-report-warns\">address the effects of climate change\u003c/a>. The jury discovered a need for more transparency in how San Francisco agencies, primarily the Department of Public Works, prepare the city for a far wetter world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many different groups view climate change as somebody else’s problem to address,” said Will McCaa, the report’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury found design issues with some recently built DPW buildings, as well as high costs and instances of flooding. McCaa said the panel wants clarity from DPW on whether flooding from storms or future sea level rise was taken into account when the buildings were built and how the department plans to factor in future climate effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On New Year’s Eve 2022, storms caused the area around the newly built Police Department Traffic Company and Forensic Services Division to flood. The flooding prevented police motorcycles from entering or leaving the facility, “effectively taking the station out of service for several hours on one of the Police Department’s busiest nights of the year,” the jurors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For DPW to build a station in a flood-prone area but not consider the access to the building “seems like poor planning,” McCaa said. The flooding also damaged gate motors and a new Dodge Charger police cruiser, making it “no longer reliable enough for use as a patrol car.” The jury questioned whether DPW built the facility in the right place and how the city plans to fix the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also lists two buildings and one fire truck that would be threatened by sea level rise: the newly constructed Office of the Medical Examiner on Newhall Street; a Mission Bay facility housing the Police Department Headquarters, SFPD Southern Station, and Fire Station 4; and an engine that the department can’t legally house on a floating fire station in the Embarcadero that was meant to help with rising waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>These areas are at risk of flooding from the rising bay unless the city and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers raise the sea wall, which will cost more than $7 billion. The Port of San Francisco and the Corps are working on \u003ca href=\"https://sfport.com/about/news/port-san-francisco-us-army-corps-engineers-release-draft-plan-build-citys-flood-defenses#:~:text=Today%2C%20the%20Port%20of%20San,Park%20to%20Heron's%20Head%20Park.\">a plan to adapt 7 1/2 miles of the shore to defend against future sea level rise\u003c/a>, but their latest report is still in draft form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the city facing financial constraints and the capital budget nearing its borrowing cap, McCaa said the city’s degraded assets are “not properly quantified or understood,” which results in a lack of understanding of how agencies spend millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury is calling for DPW to show how it has spent taxpayer dollars and how it plans to use future funds. The jury lists several recommendations, including strengthening the Public Works Commission’s “undefined” oversight responsibilities by holding DPW “accountable for the accuracy of capital project budgeting,” timeliness, and quality of construction. City officials have 60 calendar days to respond to the jury’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DPW spokesperson Rachel Gordon said the agency is taking the jury’s report seriously and will assess them to see “where we can do better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stand by our strong track record at Public Works in delivering complex capital projects, from award-winning fire stations to playgrounds to utility facilities,” she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "From Tunnel Muck to Tidal Marsh, BART Extension Could Benefit the Bay",
"headTitle": "From Tunnel Muck to Tidal Marsh, BART Extension Could Benefit the Bay | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The massive infrastructure project to extend BART through Downtown San José and into Santa Clara is inching closer to getting underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley Transportation Authority officials expect the $76 million tunnel boring machine ordered from Germany to be ready to start digging around 2026, making way for two side-by-side tracks along with three underground stations in San José’s Little Portugal neighborhood, Downtown and at Diridon Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the tunneling of nearly 5 miles and other excavation work, officials said the project overall will remove roughly 3.5 million cubic yards of dirt from the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just potential riders, politicians and transit advocates who are anxiously waiting for the major work to begin; environmentalists working for years to restore historic marshlands in the San Francisco Bay are set to receive a major portion of that dug up earth to support their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to take the dirt from VTA’s BART to Silicon Valley Phase II project and dump it into the bottoms of former salt production ponds in the South Bay near North San José and Sunnyvale and not far from San José’s Alviso neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts said the material will help accelerate the conversion of those ponds back into tidal marshes — nearly all of which were destroyed by human development in the Bay Area stretching back more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a terrific benefit if we can make it work with all the parties in to help us,” said Donna Ball, a senior scientist at San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ball is the lead scientist on the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, a multi-decade effort run by the California Coastal Conservancy and one of several active Bay restoration projects in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992549\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992549\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A walkway leading to pond A12 at Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The restoration project plans to convert 15,000 acres of former Cargill salt ponds — sold to federal and state wildlife agencies in 2003 — back into marshes, which provide a slew of benefits to the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tidal marshes do a lot of things. They do a lot of things for nature, for wildlife, they also do a lot of things for people,” said Dave Halsing, the executive manager for the restoration project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marshes clean the waters of the Bay. They absorb greenhouse gasses,” Halsing said. “And then from the human end, they absorb the wave energy, and the tidal flows, and high tides and storm surges, and so they, on their own, provide a certain amount of flood protection benefits to human communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Bay restoration projects have often made good use of dirt from other construction and infrastructure projects previously, this is the first time the region has seen the use of what’s known as “tunnel muck” specifically to raise the bottoms of a former salt pond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992551\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992551\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Halsing, Executive Project Manager at South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, beside A12 pond at Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make the boring machine’s job easier and ensure all the dirt can be funneled out the back end, the soils will be injected with liquifying and softening agents just ahead of each section of the tunnel being cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what they’re digging through, it starts off as pure, deep bay mud, but when it comes out, it’s a little wetter and a little softer because of all these things they add to it, these conditioners,” Halsing said. That’s the muck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A raft of water regulatory and oversight agencies will take part in evaluating the environmental impact of the whole project, including examining the conditioners and testing the muck to ensure it’s safe to go into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the curve of sea level rise estimates expected to get steeper, experts estimate the Bay Area will need \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974464/the-next-big-business-in-a-warming-world-mud\">548 million metric tons of sediment to keep up\u003c/a> and to complete critical restoration projects, allowing marshes to form before those areas are inundated with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992550\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992550\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinkish water at pond A12 Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The naturally available supply of Bay mud and dirt is expected to fall short of what’s needed, making muck, dirt and sediment a hot commodity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the material is removed from the tunnel, it’ll need to be brought to the ponds. That might happen by rail, truck, or a pipeline that could be built for this effort, but officials said it’s a bit too soon to say what method will be chosen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However it gets there, though, Halsing is hopeful it’ll be a big boon to the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restoration project team has been systematically trying to build marshes back up, in part by letting Bay water back into these ponds, like a \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqednews/video/7314099619074460970?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7348098946251965994\">levee breaching in Menlo Park in December\u003c/a>. The aim is to bring pond bottoms up to a level where marsh plants, like prolific pickleweed, can grow and spread, creating buffers between the tides and settled areas of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marshes, once established, behave like a sponge, soaking up energy, absorbing water, and protecting infrastructure behind them, Halsing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without the aid of fill soil, the process of restoring marshes depends largely on the natural high and low tides that occur twice daily, which deposit only minuscule amounts of sediment with each pass, Halsing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992553\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992553\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinkish water at pond A12 at Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The millions of yards of muck from the BART extension could shave decades off restoration work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the ponds near the Alviso neighborhood where officials are contemplating putting the material, known as pond A12, is today still a deep reddish pink color from bacteria that thrive in deeply salty water. The shores are crusted with white crystallized chunks of salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we move further along and sea level rise is more of a risk, this goal of raising the bottom elevation of these ponds with this imported tunnel material will be a huge kick-start, a jump-start to the natural processes that we would otherwise have to wait for,” Halsing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Calnan, VTA’s lead for the soil reuse project, said while the agency hopes to bring all 3.5 million cubic yards of soil to the ponds, the final amount will likely be lower. Some of the soil, especially near the surface, might not make the cleanliness cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992554\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992554\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ann Calnan, Environmental Lead at Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, at Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other factors, like weather conditions and breaks in the work periods for nesting seasons and duck hunting, could result in some soil being hauled off to quarries or landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernice Alaniz, a spokesperson for VTA’s BART project, said while the environmental benefit of the reuse project is one of the main selling points, using the soil for a climate-friendly project could have financial benefits, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1974464,science_1979603,quest_54442\"]Every truckload of soil taken to a landfill or quarry would cost the agency a “tipping fee” to dump the load. For every truckload, railcar, or pipeline full of soil, the agency can divert it to the ponds, and it can cut those fees, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaniz said the agency couldn’t provide a total cost for the soil reuse project until further decisions are made during the environmental review and design phases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transit agency has already received a $1.5 million grant from the California State Coastal Conservancy to help cover the environmental review costs for the project, and the California Wildlife Conservation Board awarded VTA with a $2.98 million grant to help cover the cost of designing the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaniz said the agency plans to seek more grants to cover other costs of the project, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The massive infrastructure project to extend BART through Downtown San José and into Santa Clara is inching closer to getting underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley Transportation Authority officials expect the $76 million tunnel boring machine ordered from Germany to be ready to start digging around 2026, making way for two side-by-side tracks along with three underground stations in San José’s Little Portugal neighborhood, Downtown and at Diridon Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the tunneling of nearly 5 miles and other excavation work, officials said the project overall will remove roughly 3.5 million cubic yards of dirt from the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just potential riders, politicians and transit advocates who are anxiously waiting for the major work to begin; environmentalists working for years to restore historic marshlands in the San Francisco Bay are set to receive a major portion of that dug up earth to support their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to take the dirt from VTA’s BART to Silicon Valley Phase II project and dump it into the bottoms of former salt production ponds in the South Bay near North San José and Sunnyvale and not far from San José’s Alviso neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts said the material will help accelerate the conversion of those ponds back into tidal marshes — nearly all of which were destroyed by human development in the Bay Area stretching back more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a terrific benefit if we can make it work with all the parties in to help us,” said Donna Ball, a senior scientist at San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ball is the lead scientist on the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, a multi-decade effort run by the California Coastal Conservancy and one of several active Bay restoration projects in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992549\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992549\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A walkway leading to pond A12 at Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The restoration project plans to convert 15,000 acres of former Cargill salt ponds — sold to federal and state wildlife agencies in 2003 — back into marshes, which provide a slew of benefits to the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tidal marshes do a lot of things. They do a lot of things for nature, for wildlife, they also do a lot of things for people,” said Dave Halsing, the executive manager for the restoration project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marshes clean the waters of the Bay. They absorb greenhouse gasses,” Halsing said. “And then from the human end, they absorb the wave energy, and the tidal flows, and high tides and storm surges, and so they, on their own, provide a certain amount of flood protection benefits to human communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Bay restoration projects have often made good use of dirt from other construction and infrastructure projects previously, this is the first time the region has seen the use of what’s known as “tunnel muck” specifically to raise the bottoms of a former salt pond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992551\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992551\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-05-KQED-scaled-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Halsing, Executive Project Manager at South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, beside A12 pond at Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make the boring machine’s job easier and ensure all the dirt can be funneled out the back end, the soils will be injected with liquifying and softening agents just ahead of each section of the tunnel being cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what they’re digging through, it starts off as pure, deep bay mud, but when it comes out, it’s a little wetter and a little softer because of all these things they add to it, these conditioners,” Halsing said. That’s the muck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A raft of water regulatory and oversight agencies will take part in evaluating the environmental impact of the whole project, including examining the conditioners and testing the muck to ensure it’s safe to go into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the curve of sea level rise estimates expected to get steeper, experts estimate the Bay Area will need \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974464/the-next-big-business-in-a-warming-world-mud\">548 million metric tons of sediment to keep up\u003c/a> and to complete critical restoration projects, allowing marshes to form before those areas are inundated with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992550\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992550\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinkish water at pond A12 Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The naturally available supply of Bay mud and dirt is expected to fall short of what’s needed, making muck, dirt and sediment a hot commodity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the material is removed from the tunnel, it’ll need to be brought to the ponds. That might happen by rail, truck, or a pipeline that could be built for this effort, but officials said it’s a bit too soon to say what method will be chosen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However it gets there, though, Halsing is hopeful it’ll be a big boon to the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restoration project team has been systematically trying to build marshes back up, in part by letting Bay water back into these ponds, like a \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqednews/video/7314099619074460970?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7348098946251965994\">levee breaching in Menlo Park in December\u003c/a>. The aim is to bring pond bottoms up to a level where marsh plants, like prolific pickleweed, can grow and spread, creating buffers between the tides and settled areas of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marshes, once established, behave like a sponge, soaking up energy, absorbing water, and protecting infrastructure behind them, Halsing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without the aid of fill soil, the process of restoring marshes depends largely on the natural high and low tides that occur twice daily, which deposit only minuscule amounts of sediment with each pass, Halsing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992553\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992553\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-07-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinkish water at pond A12 at Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The millions of yards of muck from the BART extension could shave decades off restoration work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the ponds near the Alviso neighborhood where officials are contemplating putting the material, known as pond A12, is today still a deep reddish pink color from bacteria that thrive in deeply salty water. The shores are crusted with white crystallized chunks of salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we move further along and sea level rise is more of a risk, this goal of raising the bottom elevation of these ponds with this imported tunnel material will be a huge kick-start, a jump-start to the natural processes that we would otherwise have to wait for,” Halsing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Calnan, VTA’s lead for the soil reuse project, said while the agency hopes to bring all 3.5 million cubic yards of soil to the ponds, the final amount will likely be lower. Some of the soil, especially near the surface, might not make the cleanliness cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992554\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992554\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240501-BART-TUNNEL-MUCK-REUSE-MD-09-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ann Calnan, Environmental Lead at Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, at Alviso Marina County Park in Alviso on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other factors, like weather conditions and breaks in the work periods for nesting seasons and duck hunting, could result in some soil being hauled off to quarries or landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernice Alaniz, a spokesperson for VTA’s BART project, said while the environmental benefit of the reuse project is one of the main selling points, using the soil for a climate-friendly project could have financial benefits, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Every truckload of soil taken to a landfill or quarry would cost the agency a “tipping fee” to dump the load. For every truckload, railcar, or pipeline full of soil, the agency can divert it to the ponds, and it can cut those fees, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaniz said the agency couldn’t provide a total cost for the soil reuse project until further decisions are made during the environmental review and design phases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transit agency has already received a $1.5 million grant from the California State Coastal Conservancy to help cover the environmental review costs for the project, and the California Wildlife Conservation Board awarded VTA with a $2.98 million grant to help cover the cost of designing the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaniz said the agency plans to seek more grants to cover other costs of the project, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Deserts Could Hold The Key to a Future With Less Fossil Fuel (Hint: It's Lithium)",
"headTitle": "California Deserts Could Hold The Key to a Future With Less Fossil Fuel (Hint: It’s Lithium) | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There could be enough lithium stored across California and the West to supply all the batteries the U.S. demands, researchers \u003ca href=\"https://eesa.lbl.gov/event/media-roundtable-powering-a-sustainable-future-through-lithium-extraction-from-unconventional-sources/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimate\u003c/a>, plus more to export.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that demand for lithium — a crucial part of the batteries that power electric cars and store extra energy from solar and wind — is heading in one direction: \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.12949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that California’s lithium is trapped in desert sediments, ocean water and deep underground, in natural deposits of saltwater called brine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has a trove of the stuff beneath the Salton Sea in Southern California, but \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/02/california-desert-lithium-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efforts to extract it are fledgling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"https://lilacsolutions.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lilac Solutions\u003c/a> is one of the companies trying to use domestic lithium to make batteries that could power the U.S. toward a future without fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Snydacker, the company’s CEO, says a tricky part is to capture the lithium without damaging the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environmental challenges associated with lithium production today relate to land use and water consumption,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lithium extraction in South America and Australia has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.co.uk/article/lithium-batteries-environment-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created serious environmental issues\u003c/a>. Advocates around the Salton Sea have \u003ca href=\"https://holtvilletribune.com/2021/08/06/guest-column-lithium-boom-needs-public-input/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">raised concerns\u003c/a> about harmful impacts and extra waste from extracting and processing lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilac’s solution is vastly limiting the physical footprint of its lithium plant from “10,000 acres down to tens of acres, and that’s limited the surface impacts associated with lithium production,” Snydacker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spoke with KQED climate reporter Laura Klivans during a tour of his manufacturing space in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been lightly edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What climate problem are you trying to solve?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big environmental problem that we’re addressing is gasoline. And to replace gasoline, we need to increase production of batteries, and lithium is now the critical bottleneck to battery production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no way to meet climate targets without lithium, it’s essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What would success of your company mean for California’s economy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea is a very large lithium resource capable of producing billions of dollars per year of lithium. That means hundreds of permanent jobs in the Salton Sea and permanent jobs here in Oakland as we scale up the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What initially inspired you to get into this kind of work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew up in Rhode Island, near the beach, where the ocean was a really important part of the community. Looking at forecasts for sea level rise as we lose the Greenland ice sheet was fairly shocking and horrifying. You think, OK, my entire community will be completely underwater by the time my children or my grandchildren are able to enjoy this place. And that’s just an unacceptable outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will what happens at COP affect your work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If COP is successful, this will mean more demand for electric vehicles. But meeting that demand will only be possible with more lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even if things go south at COP, how’s that going to impact your company?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve lost a lot of faith in the ability of the government to deliver solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve seen the private sector really step up, make big commitments to innovate toward electric vehicles, to finance the supply chain and to start new companies capable of making all that happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m confident we will solve climate change and decarbonize the economy, the question in my mind is how fast does that happen? It needs to happen soon.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There could be enough lithium stored across California and the West to supply all the batteries the U.S. demands, researchers \u003ca href=\"https://eesa.lbl.gov/event/media-roundtable-powering-a-sustainable-future-through-lithium-extraction-from-unconventional-sources/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimate\u003c/a>, plus more to export.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that demand for lithium — a crucial part of the batteries that power electric cars and store extra energy from solar and wind — is heading in one direction: \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.12949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that California’s lithium is trapped in desert sediments, ocean water and deep underground, in natural deposits of saltwater called brine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has a trove of the stuff beneath the Salton Sea in Southern California, but \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/02/california-desert-lithium-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efforts to extract it are fledgling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"https://lilacsolutions.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lilac Solutions\u003c/a> is one of the companies trying to use domestic lithium to make batteries that could power the U.S. toward a future without fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Snydacker, the company’s CEO, says a tricky part is to capture the lithium without damaging the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environmental challenges associated with lithium production today relate to land use and water consumption,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lithium extraction in South America and Australia has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.co.uk/article/lithium-batteries-environment-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created serious environmental issues\u003c/a>. Advocates around the Salton Sea have \u003ca href=\"https://holtvilletribune.com/2021/08/06/guest-column-lithium-boom-needs-public-input/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">raised concerns\u003c/a> about harmful impacts and extra waste from extracting and processing lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilac’s solution is vastly limiting the physical footprint of its lithium plant from “10,000 acres down to tens of acres, and that’s limited the surface impacts associated with lithium production,” Snydacker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spoke with KQED climate reporter Laura Klivans during a tour of his manufacturing space in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been lightly edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What climate problem are you trying to solve?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big environmental problem that we’re addressing is gasoline. And to replace gasoline, we need to increase production of batteries, and lithium is now the critical bottleneck to battery production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no way to meet climate targets without lithium, it’s essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What would success of your company mean for California’s economy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea is a very large lithium resource capable of producing billions of dollars per year of lithium. That means hundreds of permanent jobs in the Salton Sea and permanent jobs here in Oakland as we scale up the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What initially inspired you to get into this kind of work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew up in Rhode Island, near the beach, where the ocean was a really important part of the community. Looking at forecasts for sea level rise as we lose the Greenland ice sheet was fairly shocking and horrifying. You think, OK, my entire community will be completely underwater by the time my children or my grandchildren are able to enjoy this place. And that’s just an unacceptable outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will what happens at COP affect your work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If COP is successful, this will mean more demand for electric vehicles. But meeting that demand will only be possible with more lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even if things go south at COP, how’s that going to impact your company?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve lost a lot of faith in the ability of the government to deliver solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve seen the private sector really step up, make big commitments to innovate toward electric vehicles, to finance the supply chain and to start new companies capable of making all that happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m confident we will solve climate change and decarbonize the economy, the question in my mind is how fast does that happen? It needs to happen soon.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bond. Earthquake Bond ... Is on the Ballot in San Francisco",
"headTitle": "Bond. Earthquake Bond … Is on the Ballot in San Francisco | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>One item on the March ballot in San Francisco is a $628.5 million bond to fund earthquake retrofitting at police and fire stations and other disaster-related facilities and services, including the city’s Emergency Firefighting Water System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed, Supervisor Catherine Stefani and Supervisor Sandra Lee Fewer crafted the measure, called the Earthquake Safety and Emergency Response Bond, or \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Francisco,_California,_Proposition_B,_Earthquake_Safety_and_Emergency_Services_Bond_Issue_(March_2020)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition B\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed said the bond, to be paid off within 30 years, is necessary to ensure the city is resilient in the event of a major earthquake or other disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that it’s not a matter of ‘if,’ but a matter of ‘when’ the next major earthquake will strike,” she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bond will be funded from property taxes, at the rate of 1.5 cents for every $100 of assessed value — the equivalent of $150 per year on a home worth $1 million, and landlords could pass on up to half of any tax increase to tenants. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/voter-guide/san-francisco-2020-03/prop-b-earthquake-bond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> the San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association, or SPUR, taxes will not be increased because the bond is part of San Francisco’s capital planning program, which holds property taxes at the same rate as 2006 by retiring older bonds as new ones are issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors unanimously approved the measure last July, putting it on the ballot. Proposition B needs to win two-thirds of the vote to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the city’s election guide \u003ca href=\"https://voterguide.sfelections.org/en/san-francisco-earthquake-safety-and-emergency-response-bond-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pamphlet\u003c/a>, the bond measure is endorsed by the San Francisco Firefighters Local 798 President Shon Buford, the San Francisco Democratic Party, former Mayor Willie Brown, State Treasurer Fiona Ma, State Assemblymember Phil Ting and San Francisco Assessor-Recorder Carmen Chu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco League of Pissed Off Voters, a group of young progressives who are sometimes at odds with the city’s establishment, endorsed the measure in their \u003ca href=\"http://www.theleaguesf.org/#PropB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pissed Off Voter Guide\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With climate catastrophe in the form of fires now ‘the new normal’ and a catastrophic earthquake being a possibility any day, we’re fine to support this bond to keep our fire stations and other infrastructure in tip-top shape. A lot of these programs and facilities support general emergency preparedness too, which we like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no recorded opposition to the measure, according to the voter guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But SPUR, dinged the measure for not identifying which or how many facilities would be retrofitted. “As a result, we don’t know how much closer this level of investment would bring the city toward its overall seismic performance targets,” SPUR’s voter guide \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/voter-guide/san-francisco-2020-03/prop-b-earthquake-bond\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still the San Francisco-based planning and urban research think tank encouraged voters to vote yes on the bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Republicans took \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgop.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no position\u003c/a> on the proposition in their voter guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Where the Money Will Go\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how Breed’s office \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-london-breed-signs-629-million-bond-earthquake-safety-and-emergency-response-march\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">says\u003c/a> the money will be spent:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$275 million to pay for seismic retrofitting at fire stations and training facilities; another $121 million to retrofit police stations\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$153.5 million to fix deteriorating \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/design/2017/05/the-sublime-subterranean-cisterns-of-san-francisco/524853/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cisterns\u003c/a>, pipes and tunnels that are part of an aging high-pressure water system the city uses to fight fires\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$70 million for upgrades to the city’s disaster response facilities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$9 million for the Department of Emergency Management’s 9-1-1 call center to improve its ability to field an inundation of emergency calls after an earthquake\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emergency Water System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1906, the San Andreas Fault ruptured, and the \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earthquake\u003c/a> that practically destroyed San Francisco still resonates as one of the most significant temblors of all time. Following the shaking from the quake, fires that ignited after gas lines ruptured whipped across the city, causing most of the destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the disaster, San Francisco installed pipes with pressurized water throughout the city, which firefighters can access to battle blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, as fire spread across the Marina, the water system shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the system protects San Francisco’s densest neighborhoods, but the Bayview, Sunset, Richmond and other neighborhoods are “inadequately protected,” according to a 2019 San Francisco Civil Grand Jury \u003ca href=\"http://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/report.html\">report\u003c/a>. Money from Proposition B would go toward improving the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the United States Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimate\u003c/a> there is a 72% likelihood that at least one earthquake of magnitude 6.7 or greater would strike the Bay Area in the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A $412 million earthquake bond passed in 2010, as did a similar $400 million bond in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money paid for an assessment and retrofits to some neighborhood firehouses and district police stations, as well as, upgrades to the water system and the construction of the city’s Public Safety Building in Mission Bay, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/public-officials-celebrate-opening-of-state-of-the-art-public-safety-building-in-mission-bay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opened\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One item on the March ballot in San Francisco is a $628.5 million bond to fund earthquake retrofitting at police and fire stations and other disaster-related facilities and services, including the city’s Emergency Firefighting Water System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed, Supervisor Catherine Stefani and Supervisor Sandra Lee Fewer crafted the measure, called the Earthquake Safety and Emergency Response Bond, or \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Francisco,_California,_Proposition_B,_Earthquake_Safety_and_Emergency_Services_Bond_Issue_(March_2020)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition B\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed said the bond, to be paid off within 30 years, is necessary to ensure the city is resilient in the event of a major earthquake or other disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that it’s not a matter of ‘if,’ but a matter of ‘when’ the next major earthquake will strike,” she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bond will be funded from property taxes, at the rate of 1.5 cents for every $100 of assessed value — the equivalent of $150 per year on a home worth $1 million, and landlords could pass on up to half of any tax increase to tenants. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/voter-guide/san-francisco-2020-03/prop-b-earthquake-bond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> the San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association, or SPUR, taxes will not be increased because the bond is part of San Francisco’s capital planning program, which holds property taxes at the same rate as 2006 by retiring older bonds as new ones are issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors unanimously approved the measure last July, putting it on the ballot. Proposition B needs to win two-thirds of the vote to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the city’s election guide \u003ca href=\"https://voterguide.sfelections.org/en/san-francisco-earthquake-safety-and-emergency-response-bond-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pamphlet\u003c/a>, the bond measure is endorsed by the San Francisco Firefighters Local 798 President Shon Buford, the San Francisco Democratic Party, former Mayor Willie Brown, State Treasurer Fiona Ma, State Assemblymember Phil Ting and San Francisco Assessor-Recorder Carmen Chu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco League of Pissed Off Voters, a group of young progressives who are sometimes at odds with the city’s establishment, endorsed the measure in their \u003ca href=\"http://www.theleaguesf.org/#PropB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pissed Off Voter Guide\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With climate catastrophe in the form of fires now ‘the new normal’ and a catastrophic earthquake being a possibility any day, we’re fine to support this bond to keep our fire stations and other infrastructure in tip-top shape. A lot of these programs and facilities support general emergency preparedness too, which we like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no recorded opposition to the measure, according to the voter guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But SPUR, dinged the measure for not identifying which or how many facilities would be retrofitted. “As a result, we don’t know how much closer this level of investment would bring the city toward its overall seismic performance targets,” SPUR’s voter guide \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/voter-guide/san-francisco-2020-03/prop-b-earthquake-bond\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still the San Francisco-based planning and urban research think tank encouraged voters to vote yes on the bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Republicans took \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgop.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no position\u003c/a> on the proposition in their voter guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Where the Money Will Go\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how Breed’s office \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-london-breed-signs-629-million-bond-earthquake-safety-and-emergency-response-march\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">says\u003c/a> the money will be spent:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$275 million to pay for seismic retrofitting at fire stations and training facilities; another $121 million to retrofit police stations\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$153.5 million to fix deteriorating \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/design/2017/05/the-sublime-subterranean-cisterns-of-san-francisco/524853/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cisterns\u003c/a>, pipes and tunnels that are part of an aging high-pressure water system the city uses to fight fires\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$70 million for upgrades to the city’s disaster response facilities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$9 million for the Department of Emergency Management’s 9-1-1 call center to improve its ability to field an inundation of emergency calls after an earthquake\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emergency Water System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1906, the San Andreas Fault ruptured, and the \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earthquake\u003c/a> that practically destroyed San Francisco still resonates as one of the most significant temblors of all time. Following the shaking from the quake, fires that ignited after gas lines ruptured whipped across the city, causing most of the destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the disaster, San Francisco installed pipes with pressurized water throughout the city, which firefighters can access to battle blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, as fire spread across the Marina, the water system shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the system protects San Francisco’s densest neighborhoods, but the Bayview, Sunset, Richmond and other neighborhoods are “inadequately protected,” according to a 2019 San Francisco Civil Grand Jury \u003ca href=\"http://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/report.html\">report\u003c/a>. Money from Proposition B would go toward improving the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the United States Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimate\u003c/a> there is a 72% likelihood that at least one earthquake of magnitude 6.7 or greater would strike the Bay Area in the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A $412 million earthquake bond passed in 2010, as did a similar $400 million bond in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money paid for an assessment and retrofits to some neighborhood firehouses and district police stations, as well as, upgrades to the water system and the construction of the city’s Public Safety Building in Mission Bay, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/public-officials-celebrate-opening-of-state-of-the-art-public-safety-building-in-mission-bay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opened\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Vote Here for the Name of New Mars Rover. Polls Close Monday Night",
"headTitle": "Vote Here for the Name of New Mars Rover. Polls Close Monday Night | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>What would you name NASA’s next Mars rover?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside link1=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/name-the-rover/,Vote for the Mars rover's name here\"]Last year, the space agency posed this question to students in Kindergarten through 12th grade, along with a homework assignment: Write an essay to convince 4,700 contest judges that their name choice rises above all others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people submitted more than 28,000 essays after the competition opened in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the volunteer judges—professionals, teachers, and space science fanciers from all over the U.S. — have selected \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7578&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=daily-20200121-1\">nine finalists\u003c/a> for interplanetary naming privileges. They are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/27179\">Promise\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/3762\">Courage\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/18788\">Clarity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/26909\">Tenacity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/24330\">Ingenuity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/6989\">Perseverance\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/11318\">Endurance\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/14360\">Fortitude\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/23269\">Vision\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choices reflect public enthusiasm for Mars exploration. The children and teens used exceedingly positive words to describe the enterprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, NASA let the public consider the nine finalist names and essays, and even vote on their favorites. There’s not much time left – this \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/name-the-rover/\">link\u003c/a> expires at midnight Monday, Jan. 27. The agency will consider the results in its final naming decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Robot With a Unique Mission\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview/\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a> is scheduled for launch this July. If all goes well, it will land on Mars on Feb. 18, 2021. Bound for Jezero Crater, the car-sized, six-wheeled robot is built on the design of its predecessor, Curiosity. That rover still explores the water-lain sediments of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Curiosity, whose mission is to investigate Mars’ climate and the role that water played in the past, Mars 2020 will look for signs of anything that might have lived in those ancient waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-768x616.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-1020x818.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl.jpg 1865w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Composite imagery of the western edge of Jezero Crater, the designated landing site for the Mars 2020 rover. The river inlet to the left deposited the delta sediments that appear in the middle. Colors represent different mineral composition. Images by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Surveys made from space by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have revealed evidence that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jezero-crater-mars-2020s-landing-site\">parts of Jezero Crater\u003c/a> were once sunken beneath the waters of a lake, and fed with runoff and sediment from at least one river inlet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Excellent Hunting Ground for Ancient Martians\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No mission has searched for signs of Martian life since the 1977 Viking landers. They looked for present microbial activity in Mars’ soil and came up with inconclusive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But subsequent missions— notably the Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity rovers, as well as orbital spacecraft — have revealed that in its early history Mars had a much more Earth-like environment: a thicker, warmer atmosphere, rain and rivers feeding deep lakes, and even wide shallow seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956133\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-800x602.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-768x578.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-1020x768.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of estimated depths of an ancient sea that once existed in Mars’ southern Eridiani Basin. The sea is estimated to have contained nine times as much water as in all of the Great Lakes on Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, in the search for life beyond Earth, looking to Mars’ past may have a greater chance of payoff than hoping to find something surviving today in Mars’ cold, dry deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How NASA Names Its Spacecraft\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA doesn’t usually name its space-faring missions through contests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many mission names are acronyms, like the Mercury spacecraft \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/main/index.html\">MESSENGER\u003c/a> (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging). This embodies a description of the scientific mission and offers a historical nod to the Roman messenger god for which the planet Mercury is named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A single person, Dr. Abe Silverstein, is responsible for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/silverstein_feature.html\">naming of Project Apollo \u003c/a>in 1960. While reading a book of mythology at home, NASA’s director of space flight programs decided that the Greek sun god Apollo blazing across the sky in his fiery chariot was an image that matched the grandeur of a mission to send people to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only Mars landing missions — and of those, only rovers — have gotten their names through student essay contests. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars-pathfinder\">Sojourner\u003c/a>, which launched in 1996, was the first. Even the little rover’s parent lander, Pathfinder, bore only the official name of the mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] NASA doesn’t usually name its faring missions through contests. You have until midnight Monday, Jan. 27 to vote for a name. [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cartoon illustration of the Mars 2020 rover, made for the student naming contest in August 2019. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Why do only rovers get personal names? Maybe because we give them wheels to scurry around on, and twin-camera “eyes” mounted on neck-like masts, and arms that dig into the Martian soil looking for cool things buried there. Robotic rovers just seem more “alive,” like us, and deserving of a personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students, all girls 12 years old and younger, gave Sojourner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html\">Spirit \u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html\">Opportunity \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/\">Curiosity \u003c/a>their names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the naming of Mars 2020, will pre-teen girls hold onto their unbroken record, or will a teenager or boy break into this hall of fame?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out in early March, when NASA plans to make the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last year, the space agency posed this question to students in Kindergarten through 12th grade, along with a homework assignment: Write an essay to convince 4,700 contest judges that their name choice rises above all others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people submitted more than 28,000 essays after the competition opened in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the volunteer judges—professionals, teachers, and space science fanciers from all over the U.S. — have selected \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7578&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=daily-20200121-1\">nine finalists\u003c/a> for interplanetary naming privileges. They are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/27179\">Promise\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/3762\">Courage\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/18788\">Clarity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/26909\">Tenacity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/24330\">Ingenuity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/6989\">Perseverance\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/11318\">Endurance\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/14360\">Fortitude\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/23269\">Vision\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choices reflect public enthusiasm for Mars exploration. The children and teens used exceedingly positive words to describe the enterprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, NASA let the public consider the nine finalist names and essays, and even vote on their favorites. There’s not much time left – this \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/name-the-rover/\">link\u003c/a> expires at midnight Monday, Jan. 27. The agency will consider the results in its final naming decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Robot With a Unique Mission\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview/\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a> is scheduled for launch this July. If all goes well, it will land on Mars on Feb. 18, 2021. Bound for Jezero Crater, the car-sized, six-wheeled robot is built on the design of its predecessor, Curiosity. That rover still explores the water-lain sediments of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Curiosity, whose mission is to investigate Mars’ climate and the role that water played in the past, Mars 2020 will look for signs of anything that might have lived in those ancient waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-768x616.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-1020x818.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl.jpg 1865w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Composite imagery of the western edge of Jezero Crater, the designated landing site for the Mars 2020 rover. The river inlet to the left deposited the delta sediments that appear in the middle. Colors represent different mineral composition. Images by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Surveys made from space by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have revealed evidence that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jezero-crater-mars-2020s-landing-site\">parts of Jezero Crater\u003c/a> were once sunken beneath the waters of a lake, and fed with runoff and sediment from at least one river inlet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Excellent Hunting Ground for Ancient Martians\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No mission has searched for signs of Martian life since the 1977 Viking landers. They looked for present microbial activity in Mars’ soil and came up with inconclusive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But subsequent missions— notably the Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity rovers, as well as orbital spacecraft — have revealed that in its early history Mars had a much more Earth-like environment: a thicker, warmer atmosphere, rain and rivers feeding deep lakes, and even wide shallow seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956133\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-800x602.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-768x578.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-1020x768.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of estimated depths of an ancient sea that once existed in Mars’ southern Eridiani Basin. The sea is estimated to have contained nine times as much water as in all of the Great Lakes on Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, in the search for life beyond Earth, looking to Mars’ past may have a greater chance of payoff than hoping to find something surviving today in Mars’ cold, dry deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How NASA Names Its Spacecraft\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA doesn’t usually name its space-faring missions through contests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many mission names are acronyms, like the Mercury spacecraft \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/main/index.html\">MESSENGER\u003c/a> (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging). This embodies a description of the scientific mission and offers a historical nod to the Roman messenger god for which the planet Mercury is named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A single person, Dr. Abe Silverstein, is responsible for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/silverstein_feature.html\">naming of Project Apollo \u003c/a>in 1960. While reading a book of mythology at home, NASA’s director of space flight programs decided that the Greek sun god Apollo blazing across the sky in his fiery chariot was an image that matched the grandeur of a mission to send people to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only Mars landing missions — and of those, only rovers — have gotten their names through student essay contests. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars-pathfinder\">Sojourner\u003c/a>, which launched in 1996, was the first. Even the little rover’s parent lander, Pathfinder, bore only the official name of the mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cartoon illustration of the Mars 2020 rover, made for the student naming contest in August 2019. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Why do only rovers get personal names? Maybe because we give them wheels to scurry around on, and twin-camera “eyes” mounted on neck-like masts, and arms that dig into the Martian soil looking for cool things buried there. Robotic rovers just seem more “alive,” like us, and deserving of a personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students, all girls 12 years old and younger, gave Sojourner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html\">Spirit \u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html\">Opportunity \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/\">Curiosity \u003c/a>their names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the naming of Mars 2020, will pre-teen girls hold onto their unbroken record, or will a teenager or boy break into this hall of fame?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out in early March, when NASA plans to make the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Cost of Battery Storage Plummets at the Right Moment for California",
"headTitle": "The Cost of Battery Storage Plummets at the Right Moment for California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California has a decade to reach its self-mandated goal of slashing greenhouse gas emissions to 40% of 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One independent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a> found the state is falling behind — in part, because emissions from the transportation sector have soared to record highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts see hope in an eye-popping decline in the cost of renewable energy. In the last decade, onshore and offshore wind prices fell by about 57% and utility-scale solar by 86%. Those numbers are good news for California, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">near the top of the nation in both\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best news is in the decline in the cost of battery energy storage. Based on data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Climate Central\u003c/a> in a new \u003ca href=\"https://climatecentral.org/news/climate-central-solutions-brief-battery-energy-storage\">solutions brief\u003c/a>, it’s $186 per megawatt-hour, a 76% drop since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1951009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1200x881.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1920x1409.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With batteries, California can increase the state’s ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by storing energy generated by intermittent renewable resources. The sun doesn’t shine at night, for example, but batteries can absorb excess solar energy and send it back to the grid whenever needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are a fundamentally different kind of asset than what we have historically placed on the grid,” said Jeremy Twitchell, an energy research analyst with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “They are much more flexible and can provide a much wider range of services than what we traditionally have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some instances, batteries can offset the need to build transmission lines and power plants to meet peak demand, and can provide clean backup energy when the grid goes down. Solar power by itself can’t keep the lights on unless it is coupled with some kind of storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate change bakes the state’s forests and neighborhoods continue to spread into them, batteries can stand in for generators and boost \u003ca href=\"https://rmi.org/importance-distribution-scale-solar-grid-resilience/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resilience\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a decade ago, batteries were inefficient and impractical at grid scale. The cost was too high to store power in large amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has launched commercially viable projects – a lot of them – because of recent advancements in technology and manufacturing. The state has 262 megawatts of grid-scale storage installed, reports Climate Central, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more\u003c/a> than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough power for nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.seia.org/initiatives/whats-megawatt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50,000 homes\u003c/a>, with much more in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2013, state lawmakers and regulators mandated the state’s largest investor-owned utilities – PG&E, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric – to procure 1,325 megawatts of battery storage by 2020. They are on track to shatter that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC has approved more than 1,600 megawatts worth of battery storage projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, PG&E won the \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M238/K048/238048767.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">go-ahead\u003c/a> for a mega-project in the South Bay that includes a 300-megawatt Vistra Energy project and a 182-megawatt Tesla system, two of the largest battery systems in the world. “These are really breakthrough projects,” said Paul Doherty, a spokesman for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval is great, but the state’s utilities must keep pushing until these projects are operational, said Alex Morris, vice president of policy with California Energy Storage Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The peak for the grid is around 50,000 megawatts,” Morris says. “I don’t want to take away from the hard work, but it is really just the first step. Only a tiny amount of new storage is up and running on the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are still more expensive than other energy sources – especially cheap and abundant natural gas – and regulators impose other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Batteries Can Do That, Too’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When temperatures rise during a heat wave, all at once people flip on their air conditioning units to cool down and the demand for power spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when utilities turn to natural gas turbines that spool up and ramp down quickly. But the power comes with a price as the plants belch planet warming gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas peaker plants respond to sudden increases in demand by generating power fast, but “batteries can do that, too,” said Chuck Kutscher, a senior research associate with University of Colorado-Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For states that are really interested in achieving carbon emissions reductions, they’re looking at batteries to replace gas peakers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the price of batteries continues to fall, California is starting to make this move. East Bay Community Energy, for example, recently signed a \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-signs-new-power-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contract\u003c/a> to replace a gas peaker with a standalone storage facility. But that’s not always possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural gas is so cheap right now in the U.S., it makes it hard to compete even though the battery costs are coming down,” said Eric Larson, a senior scientist with Climate Central. “It takes a special situation to make the economics work for replacing peakers. But there are cases where it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, energy regulators voted begrudgingly and unanimously to extend the life of four natural gas power plants around Los Angeles based on what they saw as a need for new generation by next summer to prevent outages and price spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC’s new president Marybel Batjer described the decision as “perhaps the most difficult” she’s made since joining the commission. Commissioner Martha Guzman Aceves vowed to “never support another extension,” the San Diego Union-Tribune \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has a decade to reach its self-mandated goal of slashing greenhouse gas emissions to 40% of 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One independent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a> found the state is falling behind — in part, because emissions from the transportation sector have soared to record highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts see hope in an eye-popping decline in the cost of renewable energy. In the last decade, onshore and offshore wind prices fell by about 57% and utility-scale solar by 86%. Those numbers are good news for California, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">near the top of the nation in both\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best news is in the decline in the cost of battery energy storage. Based on data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Climate Central\u003c/a> in a new \u003ca href=\"https://climatecentral.org/news/climate-central-solutions-brief-battery-energy-storage\">solutions brief\u003c/a>, it’s $186 per megawatt-hour, a 76% drop since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1951009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1200x881.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1920x1409.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With batteries, California can increase the state’s ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by storing energy generated by intermittent renewable resources. The sun doesn’t shine at night, for example, but batteries can absorb excess solar energy and send it back to the grid whenever needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are a fundamentally different kind of asset than what we have historically placed on the grid,” said Jeremy Twitchell, an energy research analyst with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “They are much more flexible and can provide a much wider range of services than what we traditionally have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some instances, batteries can offset the need to build transmission lines and power plants to meet peak demand, and can provide clean backup energy when the grid goes down. Solar power by itself can’t keep the lights on unless it is coupled with some kind of storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate change bakes the state’s forests and neighborhoods continue to spread into them, batteries can stand in for generators and boost \u003ca href=\"https://rmi.org/importance-distribution-scale-solar-grid-resilience/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resilience\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a decade ago, batteries were inefficient and impractical at grid scale. The cost was too high to store power in large amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has launched commercially viable projects – a lot of them – because of recent advancements in technology and manufacturing. The state has 262 megawatts of grid-scale storage installed, reports Climate Central, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more\u003c/a> than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough power for nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.seia.org/initiatives/whats-megawatt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50,000 homes\u003c/a>, with much more in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2013, state lawmakers and regulators mandated the state’s largest investor-owned utilities – PG&E, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric – to procure 1,325 megawatts of battery storage by 2020. They are on track to shatter that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC has approved more than 1,600 megawatts worth of battery storage projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, PG&E won the \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M238/K048/238048767.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">go-ahead\u003c/a> for a mega-project in the South Bay that includes a 300-megawatt Vistra Energy project and a 182-megawatt Tesla system, two of the largest battery systems in the world. “These are really breakthrough projects,” said Paul Doherty, a spokesman for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval is great, but the state’s utilities must keep pushing until these projects are operational, said Alex Morris, vice president of policy with California Energy Storage Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The peak for the grid is around 50,000 megawatts,” Morris says. “I don’t want to take away from the hard work, but it is really just the first step. Only a tiny amount of new storage is up and running on the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are still more expensive than other energy sources – especially cheap and abundant natural gas – and regulators impose other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Batteries Can Do That, Too’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When temperatures rise during a heat wave, all at once people flip on their air conditioning units to cool down and the demand for power spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when utilities turn to natural gas turbines that spool up and ramp down quickly. But the power comes with a price as the plants belch planet warming gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas peaker plants respond to sudden increases in demand by generating power fast, but “batteries can do that, too,” said Chuck Kutscher, a senior research associate with University of Colorado-Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For states that are really interested in achieving carbon emissions reductions, they’re looking at batteries to replace gas peakers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the price of batteries continues to fall, California is starting to make this move. East Bay Community Energy, for example, recently signed a \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-signs-new-power-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contract\u003c/a> to replace a gas peaker with a standalone storage facility. But that’s not always possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural gas is so cheap right now in the U.S., it makes it hard to compete even though the battery costs are coming down,” said Eric Larson, a senior scientist with Climate Central. “It takes a special situation to make the economics work for replacing peakers. But there are cases where it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, energy regulators voted begrudgingly and unanimously to extend the life of four natural gas power plants around Los Angeles based on what they saw as a need for new generation by next summer to prevent outages and price spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC’s new president Marybel Batjer described the decision as “perhaps the most difficult” she’s made since joining the commission. Commissioner Martha Guzman Aceves vowed to “never support another extension,” the San Diego Union-Tribune \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "rising-seas-and-sinking-land-the-precarious-future-of-treasure-island",
"title": "The Precarious Future of Treasure Island: Rising Seas and Sinking Land",
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"headTitle": "The Precarious Future of Treasure Island: Rising Seas and Sinking Land | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treasure Island is a man-made polygon of 400 acres \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790693/magic-city-and-the-making-of-treasure-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">constructed by engineers\u003c/a> on a shallow reef in the middle of San Francisco Bay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low-lying island, as well as neighboring Yerba Buena island, are also the site of a multibillion-dollar neighborhood development. The project calls for 8,000 new homes and condos that could house more than 20,000 people, 500 new hotel rooms, and over 550,000 square feet of commercial space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how will climate change affect these plans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952319\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952319\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40544_Shoal02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40544_Shoal02.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40544_Shoal02-160x91.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1930s, federal engineers constructed Treasure Island with bay mud and sand. \u003ccite>(Treasure Island Development Authority)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rising Water, Sinking Land\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published\u003c/a> a comprehensive climate change study on the impact of rising sea levels, storms and erosion on the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that the homes of hundreds of thousands of coastal residents and $150 billion worth of property in California are threatened by rising water levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Treasure Island is one of the most vulnerable locations in the entire state,” said Patrick Barnard, lead author of the study and a coastal geologist with USGS. “Not only because it sits right above sea level; [the island] is all fill. The ground itself is sinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says Treasure Island faces several threats:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952334\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1102px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952334\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1102\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF.png 1102w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF-160x94.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF-800x472.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF-768x453.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF-1020x602.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1102px) 100vw, 1102px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers at U.S. Geologic Survey developed a flood map to help planners understand the impact of rising sea levels. The image shows Treasure Island after 3.3 feet of sea level rise and a ‘hundred year’ storm. \u003ccite>(Our Coast Our Future)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The water in San Francisco Bay is rising.\u003c/strong> Average high tides could increase by about 3 feet by 2100 under mid-range sea level rise \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scenarios\u003c/a>, according to studies by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/13389/sea-level-rise-for-the-coasts-of-california-oregon-and-washington\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Research Council\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter13_FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Storm waves push water levels even higher.\u003c/strong> Severe weather with a 1% chance of occurring in any year, called a 100-year storm, can push tides an additional 3 feet higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Treasure Island’s own construction.\u003c/strong> Engineers built the island atop a bottom layer of mud. The weight of earth and buildings on this gooey muck compresses it like a sponge and over time causes the island to sink. Treasure Island is descending at about the same rate as the sea is rising, Barnard says. So, that equates to “about twice as much sea level rise as a static shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Building High\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011 the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a \u003ca href=\"https://sftreasureisland.org/FinalEIR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plan\u003c/a> to re-engineer Treasure Island in order to stabilize the land and stop it from sinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952321\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40545_Ibeam.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40545_Ibeam.jpg 357w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40545_Ibeam-160x242.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vibrating beam. \u003ccite>(Treasure Island Development Authority.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first step: Using long straws, or what they call wick drains, engineers siphon off water from the mud as it compresses. When the water escapes from the straws onto the surface of the island, it evaporates. This speeds up the natural settlement of the land and prevent it from sinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step two: Towering cranes slam long, vibrating beams into the ground. The vibrations cause the land to settle quicker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step three: Workers weigh the island down with mounds of earth. The weight compresses more water out of the bay mud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To mitigate flooding damage from rising waters, the plan calls for raising the grade of the island and setting buildings back from the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, because the rise in the water level is projected to accelerate toward the end of the century, the plan asks Treasure Island residents to pay an annual fee toward future engineering work.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>“Build high. Monitor. Give yourself ample space and ample money to adapt as you go forward,” said Bob Beck, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://sftreasureisland.org/about-tida\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Treasure Island Development Authority\u003c/a>, summarizing the strategy.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The development authority has finished several years of this geotechnical work. Developers began constructing condos on Yerba Buena Island this year, with more residential construction expected on Treasure Island in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Melting Ice Sheets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the years since the plan was approved, scientific studies show rising water levels have tracked at the upper bound of earlier projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]More troubling still, studies based on computer models, including one \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published\u003c/a> in \u003cem>Nature \u003c/em>in 2017, show that melting ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland could push the San Francisco Bay to a height more than double the latest calculation from the IPCC. The extreme estimates suggest that sea level could rise by as much as 10 feet, with storms roiling the water even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Treasure Island case really reveals how vulnerable planning is to changes in the estimated magnitude of sea level rise,” said Kristina Hill, an environmental planner at UC Berkeley. “Seeing how much ice is melting in Greenland and Antarctica — [what was the] worst case turned out to be too low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, California convened a group of climate scientists to review the new research. They warned in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> that “Waiting for scientific certainty is neither a safe nor prudent option. … Consideration of high and even extreme sea levels in decisions with implications past 2050 is needed to safeguard the people and resources of coastal California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck acknowledges that the scientific projections are concerning, but he argues that Treasure Island has the space and the funding to adjust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strategy to adapt to sea level rise is baked into the land use and the funding plan here,” Beck said. “We are well-positioned to adapt to even some of the worst-case scenarios.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "The Precarious Future of Treasure Island: Rising Seas and Sinking Land",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treasure Island is a man-made polygon of 400 acres \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790693/magic-city-and-the-making-of-treasure-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">constructed by engineers\u003c/a> on a shallow reef in the middle of San Francisco Bay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low-lying island, as well as neighboring Yerba Buena island, are also the site of a multibillion-dollar neighborhood development. The project calls for 8,000 new homes and condos that could house more than 20,000 people, 500 new hotel rooms, and over 550,000 square feet of commercial space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how will climate change affect these plans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952319\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952319\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40544_Shoal02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40544_Shoal02.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40544_Shoal02-160x91.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1930s, federal engineers constructed Treasure Island with bay mud and sand. \u003ccite>(Treasure Island Development Authority)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rising Water, Sinking Land\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published\u003c/a> a comprehensive climate change study on the impact of rising sea levels, storms and erosion on the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that the homes of hundreds of thousands of coastal residents and $150 billion worth of property in California are threatened by rising water levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Treasure Island is one of the most vulnerable locations in the entire state,” said Patrick Barnard, lead author of the study and a coastal geologist with USGS. “Not only because it sits right above sea level; [the island] is all fill. The ground itself is sinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says Treasure Island faces several threats:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952334\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1102px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952334\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1102\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF.png 1102w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF-160x94.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF-800x472.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF-768x453.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/TI_OCOF-1020x602.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1102px) 100vw, 1102px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers at U.S. Geologic Survey developed a flood map to help planners understand the impact of rising sea levels. The image shows Treasure Island after 3.3 feet of sea level rise and a ‘hundred year’ storm. \u003ccite>(Our Coast Our Future)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The water in San Francisco Bay is rising.\u003c/strong> Average high tides could increase by about 3 feet by 2100 under mid-range sea level rise \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scenarios\u003c/a>, according to studies by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/13389/sea-level-rise-for-the-coasts-of-california-oregon-and-washington\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Research Council\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter13_FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Storm waves push water levels even higher.\u003c/strong> Severe weather with a 1% chance of occurring in any year, called a 100-year storm, can push tides an additional 3 feet higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Treasure Island’s own construction.\u003c/strong> Engineers built the island atop a bottom layer of mud. The weight of earth and buildings on this gooey muck compresses it like a sponge and over time causes the island to sink. Treasure Island is descending at about the same rate as the sea is rising, Barnard says. So, that equates to “about twice as much sea level rise as a static shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Building High\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011 the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a \u003ca href=\"https://sftreasureisland.org/FinalEIR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plan\u003c/a> to re-engineer Treasure Island in order to stabilize the land and stop it from sinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952321\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40545_Ibeam.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40545_Ibeam.jpg 357w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40545_Ibeam-160x242.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vibrating beam. \u003ccite>(Treasure Island Development Authority.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first step: Using long straws, or what they call wick drains, engineers siphon off water from the mud as it compresses. When the water escapes from the straws onto the surface of the island, it evaporates. This speeds up the natural settlement of the land and prevent it from sinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step two: Towering cranes slam long, vibrating beams into the ground. The vibrations cause the land to settle quicker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step three: Workers weigh the island down with mounds of earth. The weight compresses more water out of the bay mud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To mitigate flooding damage from rising waters, the plan calls for raising the grade of the island and setting buildings back from the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, because the rise in the water level is projected to accelerate toward the end of the century, the plan asks Treasure Island residents to pay an annual fee toward future engineering work.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>“Build high. Monitor. Give yourself ample space and ample money to adapt as you go forward,” said Bob Beck, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://sftreasureisland.org/about-tida\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Treasure Island Development Authority\u003c/a>, summarizing the strategy.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The development authority has finished several years of this geotechnical work. Developers began constructing condos on Yerba Buena Island this year, with more residential construction expected on Treasure Island in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Melting Ice Sheets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the years since the plan was approved, scientific studies show rising water levels have tracked at the upper bound of earlier projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>More troubling still, studies based on computer models, including one \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published\u003c/a> in \u003cem>Nature \u003c/em>in 2017, show that melting ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland could push the San Francisco Bay to a height more than double the latest calculation from the IPCC. The extreme estimates suggest that sea level could rise by as much as 10 feet, with storms roiling the water even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Treasure Island case really reveals how vulnerable planning is to changes in the estimated magnitude of sea level rise,” said Kristina Hill, an environmental planner at UC Berkeley. “Seeing how much ice is melting in Greenland and Antarctica — [what was the] worst case turned out to be too low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, California convened a group of climate scientists to review the new research. They warned in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> that “Waiting for scientific certainty is neither a safe nor prudent option. … Consideration of high and even extreme sea levels in decisions with implications past 2050 is needed to safeguard the people and resources of coastal California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck acknowledges that the scientific projections are concerning, but he argues that Treasure Island has the space and the funding to adjust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strategy to adapt to sea level rise is baked into the land use and the funding plan here,” Beck said. “We are well-positioned to adapt to even some of the worst-case scenarios.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Solar and Batteries Work in a Blackout, But What Does That Mean for the Grid?",
"headTitle": "Solar and Batteries Work in a Blackout, But What Does That Mean for the Grid? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>While his neighbors’ homes in the Berkeley Hills sat in the dark during a recent PG&E outage, Howard Matis had working lights, a cold fridge and a fully functional garage door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Tesla Powerwall batteries he installed just days before high winds prompted the utility to shut off electricity to millions in Northern California kept the power on in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“How can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Anne Hoskins, Sunrun\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Home solar suppliers have seen a surge in interest since the PG&E shutoffs began. Most battery owners are still early adopters, but as prices come down, the technology is sparking a debate over whether California’s electric grid will be supplied by far-reaching transmission lines or powered by hyper-local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels on the roof charge Matis’ battery system, which can power most of his house. During an outage, those panels generally don’t work when they’re interconnected with the grid. A battery system, though, can store the solar energy and “island” a property from the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see the garage door,” Matis said. “It’s too heavy for my wife to lift. That’s why we have electricity. If we had a real fire right now, a lot of people couldn’t flee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lessons From Experience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows what it’s like to escape a wildfire. In 1991, the Oakland Hills fire consumed his neighborhood. Vehicles jammed the roads, so a policeman loaded Matis and his son into another car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This incredibly brave woman drove on a twisty road,” he recalled. “She couldn’t see through the flames. And then she drove us to safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of his neighbors died trying to escape. Matis’ neighborhood is more fire aware now and the power lines are buried underground. But the people there are not immune from PG&E’s blackouts or from the frustration they cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve talked to PG&E in the past, and I realized they didn’t know what they’re talking about,” Matis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility would disagree, but other companies see an opportunity in that resentment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a very big uptick,” said Anne Hoskins, chief policy officer at Sunrun, which sells solar and battery systems. The company saw 15 times more web traffic to its battery pages than usual during the most recent outages. “We have a better way than relying on this over-century-old system that has to take power from far distances to serve communities and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoskins said home batteries aren’t just for emergencies. Homeowners can use them every day to store solar power for use when the sun goes down. Other solutions, like portable gas generators, are a temporary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re loud,” Hoskins said. “They’re dirty. And that also contributes to the problem, in our view, that we’re facing, which is climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, batteries are expensive. Telsa’s Powerwalls, the kind Howard Matis has in his garage, cost around $6,500 each, plus thousands more in installation. CEO Elon Musk recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1188880437067665408?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted\u003c/a> that the company was knocking $1,000 off the price of their systems for Californians affected by the outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 30% federal tax credit for solar and battery systems helps reduce the cost. So does California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfgenca.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Generation Incentive Program\u003c/a>, which provides rebates \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/powerwall/learn/incentives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the thousands of dollars\u003c/a>. The California Public Utilities Commission recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/recent-changes-to-californias-self-generation-incentive-program-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carved out $100 million\u003c/a> in rebates for low-income households or communities in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Sunrun also offer leasing options with little money down for home batteries . That adds about $40 a month to a solar lease. But potentially, wealthier Californian homeowners could buy their way out of blackouts, leaving everyone else feeling the brunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what you want to do is get ahead of that and figure out, okay, how can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?” Hoskins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that’s possible with “virtual power plants.” In \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-expands-its-renewable-energy-and-storage-portfolio-with-three-new-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one project\u003c/a> planned by \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Community Energy\u003c/a> in West Oakland, 500 low-income households will get solar and batteries. During times of high demand, those systems will feed power back onto the grid for everyone to use, almost like a traditional power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that locally produced power reduces the need for big transmission lines to bring it in from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s definitely some truth to that, but there’s also some real cost to trying to operate smaller grids independently,” said Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California utilities could spend billions on these microgrids, he says, but they’ll also need to spend billions on improving the existing grid to prevent fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we make all these investments, if we load it all into electricity rates, we’re going to have even higher electricity rates,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher PG&E rates could encourage more Californians to install solar and batteries to avoid the rising costs. But when households make their own electricity, they buy less from PG&E, so the utility gets less revenue for grid improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I have been arguing is that we really need to take some of these programs and take them off of electricity bills and put them into the state budget,” Borentsein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, PG&E’s blackouts and ongoing bankruptcy could add urgency to these conversations, as California looks for ways to create a safer and more reliable grid.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While his neighbors’ homes in the Berkeley Hills sat in the dark during a recent PG&E outage, Howard Matis had working lights, a cold fridge and a fully functional garage door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Tesla Powerwall batteries he installed just days before high winds prompted the utility to shut off electricity to millions in Northern California kept the power on in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“How can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Anne Hoskins, Sunrun\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Home solar suppliers have seen a surge in interest since the PG&E shutoffs began. Most battery owners are still early adopters, but as prices come down, the technology is sparking a debate over whether California’s electric grid will be supplied by far-reaching transmission lines or powered by hyper-local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels on the roof charge Matis’ battery system, which can power most of his house. During an outage, those panels generally don’t work when they’re interconnected with the grid. A battery system, though, can store the solar energy and “island” a property from the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see the garage door,” Matis said. “It’s too heavy for my wife to lift. That’s why we have electricity. If we had a real fire right now, a lot of people couldn’t flee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lessons From Experience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows what it’s like to escape a wildfire. In 1991, the Oakland Hills fire consumed his neighborhood. Vehicles jammed the roads, so a policeman loaded Matis and his son into another car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This incredibly brave woman drove on a twisty road,” he recalled. “She couldn’t see through the flames. And then she drove us to safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of his neighbors died trying to escape. Matis’ neighborhood is more fire aware now and the power lines are buried underground. But the people there are not immune from PG&E’s blackouts or from the frustration they cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve talked to PG&E in the past, and I realized they didn’t know what they’re talking about,” Matis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility would disagree, but other companies see an opportunity in that resentment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a very big uptick,” said Anne Hoskins, chief policy officer at Sunrun, which sells solar and battery systems. The company saw 15 times more web traffic to its battery pages than usual during the most recent outages. “We have a better way than relying on this over-century-old system that has to take power from far distances to serve communities and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoskins said home batteries aren’t just for emergencies. Homeowners can use them every day to store solar power for use when the sun goes down. Other solutions, like portable gas generators, are a temporary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re loud,” Hoskins said. “They’re dirty. And that also contributes to the problem, in our view, that we’re facing, which is climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, batteries are expensive. Telsa’s Powerwalls, the kind Howard Matis has in his garage, cost around $6,500 each, plus thousands more in installation. CEO Elon Musk recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1188880437067665408?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted\u003c/a> that the company was knocking $1,000 off the price of their systems for Californians affected by the outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 30% federal tax credit for solar and battery systems helps reduce the cost. So does California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfgenca.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Generation Incentive Program\u003c/a>, which provides rebates \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/powerwall/learn/incentives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the thousands of dollars\u003c/a>. The California Public Utilities Commission recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/recent-changes-to-californias-self-generation-incentive-program-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carved out $100 million\u003c/a> in rebates for low-income households or communities in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Sunrun also offer leasing options with little money down for home batteries . That adds about $40 a month to a solar lease. But potentially, wealthier Californian homeowners could buy their way out of blackouts, leaving everyone else feeling the brunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what you want to do is get ahead of that and figure out, okay, how can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?” Hoskins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that’s possible with “virtual power plants.” In \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-expands-its-renewable-energy-and-storage-portfolio-with-three-new-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one project\u003c/a> planned by \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Community Energy\u003c/a> in West Oakland, 500 low-income households will get solar and batteries. During times of high demand, those systems will feed power back onto the grid for everyone to use, almost like a traditional power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that locally produced power reduces the need for big transmission lines to bring it in from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s definitely some truth to that, but there’s also some real cost to trying to operate smaller grids independently,” said Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California utilities could spend billions on these microgrids, he says, but they’ll also need to spend billions on improving the existing grid to prevent fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we make all these investments, if we load it all into electricity rates, we’re going to have even higher electricity rates,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher PG&E rates could encourage more Californians to install solar and batteries to avoid the rising costs. But when households make their own electricity, they buy less from PG&E, so the utility gets less revenue for grid improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I have been arguing is that we really need to take some of these programs and take them off of electricity bills and put them into the state budget,” Borentsein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, PG&E’s blackouts and ongoing bankruptcy could add urgency to these conversations, as California looks for ways to create a safer and more reliable grid.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SoCal’s Big July Quakes Strained a Fault That’s Been Quiet for 500 Years, Study Says",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The earthquakes that hammered the Southern California desert near the town of Ridgecrest last summer involved ruptures on a web of interconnected faults and increased strain on a major nearby fault that has begun to slowly move, according to a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ruptures in the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence ended a few miles from the Garlock Fault, which runs east-west for 185 miles (300 kilometers) from the San Andreas Fault to Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The Garlock Fault has been relatively quiet for 500 years. It now has begun a process called fault creep and has slipped 0.8 inch (2 centimeters) since July, the research found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The study by geophysicists from the California Institute of Technology and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory was published in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> on Thursday, coinciding with the implementation of a statewide earthquake early warning system for the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Southern California’s largest earthquake sequence in two decades began July 4 in the Mojave Desert about 120 miles (190 kilometers) north of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">A magnitude 6.4 foreshock was followed the next day by a magnitude 7.1 mainshock and then more than 100,000 aftershocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Zachary Ross, assistant professor of geophysics at Caltech and lead author of the paper, said in a statement that it was one of the most well-documented earthquake sequences in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ross developed automated computer analysis of seismometer data to detect the huge number of aftershocks with precise location information, Caltech and JPL said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The JPL scientists mapped surface ruptures of the faults with data from Japanese and European Space Agency radar satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">“I was surprised to see how much complexity there was and the number of faults that ruptured,” said Eric Fielding, a co-author of the study from JPL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">About 20 previously unknown crisscrossing faults were involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ross said the 6.4 quake simultaneously broke faults at right angles to each other, which he characterized as surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">It was a commonly held idea that major earthquakes are caused by rupture of single long fault, but that has been reconsidered since a 1992 quake in the desert near Landers, California, ruptured several faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The Ridgecrest sequence adds evidence of a more complex process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">“It’s going to force people to think hard about how we quantify seismic hazard and whether our approach to defining faults needs to change,” Ross said. “We can’t just assume that the largest faults dominate the seismic hazard if many smaller faults can link up to create these major quakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The study was published on the 30th anniversary of the deadly magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake that badly damaged the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Gov. Gavin Newsom marked the occasion by formally announcing the launch of the nation’s first statewide earthquake early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Alerts previously were made available to schools, government agencies, industries and industries but not the general public, except in Los Angeles County where an app-based system has been in use since January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The ShakeAlert system that has been under development by the U.S. Geological Survey and science institutions for years will now push alerts to cellphones through an app developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and the Wire Emergency Alert system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">ShakeAlert uses hundreds of seismic sensor stations to detect the start of an earthquake, calculate its location and strength and generate alerts that the app and WEA system send to phones in areas that are expected to have significant shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The intent is to provide seconds or tens of seconds in which people can protect themselves before shaking arrives at their location.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The earthquakes that hammered the Southern California desert near the town of Ridgecrest last summer involved ruptures on a web of interconnected faults and increased strain on a major nearby fault that has begun to slowly move, according to a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ruptures in the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence ended a few miles from the Garlock Fault, which runs east-west for 185 miles (300 kilometers) from the San Andreas Fault to Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The Garlock Fault has been relatively quiet for 500 years. It now has begun a process called fault creep and has slipped 0.8 inch (2 centimeters) since July, the research found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The study by geophysicists from the California Institute of Technology and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory was published in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> on Thursday, coinciding with the implementation of a statewide earthquake early warning system for the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Southern California’s largest earthquake sequence in two decades began July 4 in the Mojave Desert about 120 miles (190 kilometers) north of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">A magnitude 6.4 foreshock was followed the next day by a magnitude 7.1 mainshock and then more than 100,000 aftershocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Zachary Ross, assistant professor of geophysics at Caltech and lead author of the paper, said in a statement that it was one of the most well-documented earthquake sequences in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ross developed automated computer analysis of seismometer data to detect the huge number of aftershocks with precise location information, Caltech and JPL said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The JPL scientists mapped surface ruptures of the faults with data from Japanese and European Space Agency radar satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">“I was surprised to see how much complexity there was and the number of faults that ruptured,” said Eric Fielding, a co-author of the study from JPL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">About 20 previously unknown crisscrossing faults were involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ross said the 6.4 quake simultaneously broke faults at right angles to each other, which he characterized as surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">It was a commonly held idea that major earthquakes are caused by rupture of single long fault, but that has been reconsidered since a 1992 quake in the desert near Landers, California, ruptured several faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The Ridgecrest sequence adds evidence of a more complex process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">“It’s going to force people to think hard about how we quantify seismic hazard and whether our approach to defining faults needs to change,” Ross said. “We can’t just assume that the largest faults dominate the seismic hazard if many smaller faults can link up to create these major quakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The study was published on the 30th anniversary of the deadly magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake that badly damaged the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Gov. Gavin Newsom marked the occasion by formally announcing the launch of the nation’s first statewide earthquake early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Alerts previously were made available to schools, government agencies, industries and industries but not the general public, except in Los Angeles County where an app-based system has been in use since January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The ShakeAlert system that has been under development by the U.S. Geological Survey and science institutions for years will now push alerts to cellphones through an app developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and the Wire Emergency Alert system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">ShakeAlert uses hundreds of seismic sensor stations to detect the start of an earthquake, calculate its location and strength and generate alerts that the app and WEA system send to phones in areas that are expected to have significant shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The intent is to provide seconds or tens of seconds in which people can protect themselves before shaking arrives at their location.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
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"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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