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Prior to joining KQED Science, Sarah worked in a brand new role as Digital Marketing Strategist at WPSU Penn State.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sarahkmohamad","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Mohamad | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/smohamad"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1992696":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992696","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992696","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-bay-area-butterfly-festival-is-happening-this-weekend-in-vallejo","title":"The Bay Area Butterfly Festival Is Happening This Weekend in Vallejo","publishDate":1715691651,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Bay Area Butterfly Festival Is Happening This Weekend in Vallejo | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>When Vilma Aquino first moved to Mare Island back in 2007, she would see hundreds of butterflies as she drove along the main drag of Vallejo’s peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought I had died and gone to heaven,” she said, recalling the beautiful black and orange hues of the winged insect, fluttering against the backdrop of the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, when she goes over to the overwintering grounds of the monarch butterflies near Saint Peter’s Chapel, her experience is much different. Recently, she was there, and when she looked up, “I could see twelve,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of monarch butterflies and other pollinators in this area is an urgent problem, she said, because they’re important for pollinating all kinds of different wildflowers and other plants like blueberries, figs, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquino is the founding member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.vallejopeoplesgarden.org/\">Vallejo People’s Garden\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, volunteer-run community organization that focuses on educating the community about organic gardening and ways people can steward the land to help pollinators and the health of the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She helped organize the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/bay-area-butterfly-festival-2024-tickets-807492420567\">Bay Area Butterfly Festival\u003c/a> on Mare Island, happening on May 19. The event aims to bring thousands of people together to enjoy a day learning about the importance of pollinators and sustainability while enjoying food, live music, and a beautiful view of the Carquinez Strait from the boardwalk on Mare Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers said it’s the first of its kind for the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo is a major migration path for the western monarch butterfly and used to be a place where thousands of monarchs overwinter. Across California, habitat loss, use of pesticides, disease, and a changing climate have contributed to the decline in their population. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/monarch-butterflies-wintering-california-down-30-percent-from-last-year-180983720/\">Monarch populations in California are 30% down from last year \u003c/a>and are a tiny fraction of what they were a few decades ago, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/\">Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a historic overwintering site in Vallejo,” said Annina Puccio, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://monarchmilkweedproject.org/\">Monarch Milkweed Project\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization focused on education around pollinators, especially monarch butterflies. The group is helping organize the festival/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=news_11901374 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-flower-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is with the decimation of the monarch population; we have not seen the amount of monarchs that we used to see,” she said. “We’re running out of time, and we need to save [our pollinators]. It’s so important to our food sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a whole diversity of pollinators out there that most people don’t realize that they are pollinators and how important they are to the environment,” Puccio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this family-friendly festival, there will be more than a hundred vendors and exhibitors sharing the importance of butterflies like monarchs and ways people can help with the population decline of these pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be kid-friendly activities like arts and crafts and educational games, local businesses selling sustainable art and ware, and food trucks offering a variety of cuisines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proceeds from the event will go back to educating the community, Aquino added. “For the Vallejo People’s Garden, it would be hyperlocal, where we can make a change in our own backyard to teach our community in helping bring back the population of the monarchs that overwinter here on Mare Island,” Aquino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is when people walk away from [the festival], they’re going to know so much more about our pollinators, and they’re going to know what they can do to make a difference,” Puccio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Bay Area Butterfly Festival is on Sunday, May 19, 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. at 860 Nimitz Ave., Vallejo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Monarch butterflies, bees, birds, and other pollinators play an important role in our environment. That’s why community members want to make them the star of the show at the Bay Area Butterfly Festival on Mare Island, Vallejo.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715703423,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":649},"headData":{"title":"The Bay Area Butterfly Festival Is Happening This Weekend in Vallejo | KQED","description":"Monarch butterflies, bees, birds, and other pollinators play an important role in our environment. That’s why community members want to make them the star of the show at the Bay Area Butterfly Festival on Mare Island, Vallejo.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Bay Area Butterfly Festival Is Happening This Weekend in Vallejo","datePublished":"2024-05-14T06:00:51-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-14T09:17:03-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992696/the-bay-area-butterfly-festival-is-happening-this-weekend-in-vallejo","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Vilma Aquino first moved to Mare Island back in 2007, she would see hundreds of butterflies as she drove along the main drag of Vallejo’s peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought I had died and gone to heaven,” she said, recalling the beautiful black and orange hues of the winged insect, fluttering against the backdrop of the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, when she goes over to the overwintering grounds of the monarch butterflies near Saint Peter’s Chapel, her experience is much different. Recently, she was there, and when she looked up, “I could see twelve,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of monarch butterflies and other pollinators in this area is an urgent problem, she said, because they’re important for pollinating all kinds of different wildflowers and other plants like blueberries, figs, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquino is the founding member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.vallejopeoplesgarden.org/\">Vallejo People’s Garden\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, volunteer-run community organization that focuses on educating the community about organic gardening and ways people can steward the land to help pollinators and the health of the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She helped organize the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/bay-area-butterfly-festival-2024-tickets-807492420567\">Bay Area Butterfly Festival\u003c/a> on Mare Island, happening on May 19. The event aims to bring thousands of people together to enjoy a day learning about the importance of pollinators and sustainability while enjoying food, live music, and a beautiful view of the Carquinez Strait from the boardwalk on Mare Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers said it’s the first of its kind for the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo is a major migration path for the western monarch butterfly and used to be a place where thousands of monarchs overwinter. Across California, habitat loss, use of pesticides, disease, and a changing climate have contributed to the decline in their population. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/monarch-butterflies-wintering-california-down-30-percent-from-last-year-180983720/\">Monarch populations in California are 30% down from last year \u003c/a>and are a tiny fraction of what they were a few decades ago, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/\">Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a historic overwintering site in Vallejo,” said Annina Puccio, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://monarchmilkweedproject.org/\">Monarch Milkweed Project\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization focused on education around pollinators, especially monarch butterflies. The group is helping organize the festival/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11901374","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-flower-1020x574.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is with the decimation of the monarch population; we have not seen the amount of monarchs that we used to see,” she said. “We’re running out of time, and we need to save [our pollinators]. It’s so important to our food sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a whole diversity of pollinators out there that most people don’t realize that they are pollinators and how important they are to the environment,” Puccio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this family-friendly festival, there will be more than a hundred vendors and exhibitors sharing the importance of butterflies like monarchs and ways people can help with the population decline of these pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be kid-friendly activities like arts and crafts and educational games, local businesses selling sustainable art and ware, and food trucks offering a variety of cuisines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proceeds from the event will go back to educating the community, Aquino added. “For the Vallejo People’s Garden, it would be hyperlocal, where we can make a change in our own backyard to teach our community in helping bring back the population of the monarchs that overwinter here on Mare Island,” Aquino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is when people walk away from [the festival], they’re going to know so much more about our pollinators, and they’re going to know what they can do to make a difference,” Puccio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Bay Area Butterfly Festival is on Sunday, May 19, 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. at 860 Nimitz Ave., Vallejo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992696/the-bay-area-butterfly-festival-is-happening-this-weekend-in-vallejo","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_205","science_2053"],"featImg":"science_1956195","label":"science"},"science_1992816":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992816","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992816","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californians-urged-to-avoid-raw-milk-amid-bird-flu-outbreak-on-dairy-farms","title":"Californians Urged to Avoid Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Outbreak on Dairy Farms","publishDate":1715889657,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Californians Urged to Avoid Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Outbreak on Dairy Farms | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Raw milk can carry dangerous bacteria at any time. But as bird flu continues to circulate in cow herds across the U.S., federal regulators and health experts are cautioning California’s raw milk producers and consumers that the risks from drinking unpasteurized milk are heading in one direction: up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the warnings, raw milk continues to be produced and sold in the state’s grocers, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture told KQED its sale remains legal, which officials allow so long as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Milk_and_Dairy_Food_Safety/rawmilk.html\">producers can show a\u003c/a> “continual and highly diligent attention to cleanliness and hygiene at both the farm and the bottling plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike pasteurized milk, raw milk does not undergo a heating process that is meant to kill or inactivate harmful bacteria and viruses. Researchers do not yet know how the virus may be transmitted to humans, and scientists like UC Davis’ Essam Abdelfattah are concerned that people who drink raw milk could get sick. “Any human being drinking raw milk is putting themselves at higher risk for diseases,” Abdelfattah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With California allowing the sale of raw milk, regulators are putting consumers at a higher risk of exposure to multiple diseases, not only bacterial diseases but also avian influenza, he said. Abdelfattah is a veterinary scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture detected the\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON512#:~:text=On%2025%20March%2C%20the%20USDA,recently%20received%20cows%20from%20Texas.\"> first cases of bird flu\u003c/a>, or H5N1, in dairy cattle on March 25 in Texas and Kansas. Since then, the USDA has \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/livestock\">detected dozens of herds positive for the virus\u003c/a> in 9 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While none of these cases were in California, scientists recommend erring on the side of caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like many infectious agents, there is no magic wall between states,” said Peter Chin-Hong, infectious disease physician at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that the possibility of the virus reaching California shouldn’t be ruled out. “Personally, for me and my family members, people I care about, and my patients, I’ll tell them to lay off raw milk right now,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although scientists agree that the likelihood of human transmissions from cows is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/inhumans.htm#:~:text=The%20detections%20of,against%20bird%20flu.\">currently low\u003c/a>, that could change in the next few months. “The ground zero of avian flu is not the cow; it’s the bird. And birds fly from state to state with wild abandon,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-flu-summary.htm\">two reported human cases of bird flu\u003c/a> in the U.S., one following an exposure to poultry in 2022 and one, more \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p0401-avian-flu.html\">recently\u003c/a>, in a person who interacted with infected dairy cows in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Debate over drinking raw milk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration bans the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-safety-and-raw-milk\">interstate sale of raw milk\u003c/a> and has long cautioned people against drinking it because of the risk of foodborne diseases; guidance that the agency is \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/updates-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">now reiterating\u003c/a> because of the spread of bird flu. The agency asked that the industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/milk-guidance-documents-regulatory-information/questions-and-answers-regarding-milk-safety-during-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai-outbreaks#:~:text=Because%20of%20the%20limited%20information,those%20infected%20with%20avian%20influenza\">stop manufacturing or selling raw milk products\u003c/a> from cows showing symptoms or that were exposed to the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also warns people that \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/rawmilk/fast-facts.html\">drinking raw milk can lead to serious illness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11986062,news_11970666\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Last month, the FDA reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/updates-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai\">1 in 5 pasteurized milk products\u003c/a> nationwide tested positive for the H5N1 virus. Pasteurized milk appears to still be safe to consume because the process makes the virus inactive. Nevertheless, experts believe that the significant viral load might suggest that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/bird-flu-doesnt-pose-imminent-pandemic-risk-but-lack-of-transparency-planning-a-cause-for-concern/\">virus is spreading at a higher rate \u003c/a>than previously known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry groups and producers of raw milk have pushed back, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/updates/avian-flu-and-raw-milk-a-common-sense-approach#:~:text=The%20FDA%20acknowledges%20that%20%E2%80%9Cthere,raw%20milk%20can%20be%20carefully\">calling the warnings against raw milk related to avian flu “fear-mongering.”\u003c/a> Mark McAfee, the CEO and founder of Raw Farm, a dairy farm in Fresno and one of the largest raw milk producers in the country, said the sale of his company’s product “has never been higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers have figured out how to produce raw milk at a very low risk,” he said. He argues there are ways to produce raw milk that are clean and safe to drink. This includes sourcing milk from a single farm and ensuring that the milking equipment is clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonni Gilley, a Fresno resident, has been drinking raw milk for more than 20 years and said it hasn’t made her sick. The recent warning left her undeterred. “Raw means raw, like out of the lady, out of the cow,” she said. “To me, it’s more wholesome. I always look for products that are as close to being directly off the vine as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chin-Hong thinks continuing raw milk consumption, given the rapidly evolving nature of the virus, is “like playing Russian roulette.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk of infection isn’t the same for everyone,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to potential infection, he is most concerned about elderly people, young children, immunocompromised and pregnant individuals. “It’s often more challenging to treat these individuals just because their immune system isn’t quite as developed or robust. And the ability of drugs to work depends on some help from the immune system,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/influenza-virus-vaccine-h5n1-national-stockpile\">stockpiling\u003c/a> vaccines and adjuvants and are ready to manufacture more if needed. Doctors can currently choose from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/novel-av-treatment-guidance.htm\">four antiviral options\u003c/a> and administer them to those suspected of H5N1 infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently no requirement to test raw milk for H5N1. The FDA and USDA said they are working on \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/05/10/usda-hhs-announce-new-actions-reduce-impact-and-spread-h5n1#:~:text=To%20help%20states%20comply%20with,and%20Response%2C%20known%20as%20CEIRRs.\">testing retail milk and dairy samples\u003c/a> for H5N1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who choose to continue to drink raw milk should be extra cautious, Chin-Hong said. He recommends that people look out for any symptoms, such as headache, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, or vomiting, and contact their healthcare provider. “Because the earlier someone can get ahead of it, the better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Slowing the spread of bird flu\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the Center for Food Safety, a nonprofit that advocates for food and agricultural issues, said too much attention has been given to drinking or not drinking milk. The bigger issue is containing the potential spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, the USDA has \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/04/24/usda-actions-protect-livestock-health-highly-pathogenic-h5n1-avian\">required H5N1 PCR or genetic testing\u003c/a> for all dairy cattle before they are moved between states. But Hanson thinks that rule is not strict enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The USDA and the FDA need to be banning any shipment of animals from farms that are known to have the bird flu to other operations, whether in the state or out of state,” he said. “We don’t want this virus to mutate and act in mammals the way it does in poultry. The FDA and the USDA need to get their act together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avian flu can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/virus-transmission.htm\">transmitted \u003c/a>from birds to other animals through direct contact, such as with saliva, mucus, and feces of infected animals, or through another animal, like pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pigs are known to be susceptible to both avian and human influenza viruses. They theoretically could act as an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/virus-transmission.htm\">intermediate host\u003c/a>, or a go-between, of the new kind of infection, passing on a hybrid mutation of the virus to a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this hybrid virus survives in humans, it can be easily transmitted to other humans. Something similar happened in 2009 with another avian influenza virus, H1N1, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3841239/\">killed over 200,000 people worldwide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the risk to the general public remains low, UC Davis’s Abdelfattah said people who work on farms and have regular contact with infected animals should be extra cautious because they are at higher risk of infection. “We need to care about the safety of these workers because these people are on the front line,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the precautions include wearing personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks while handling sick animals. California health officials told KQED that they will support a one-time distribution of respirators, gloves, safety goggles and other protective equipment to workers at dairy and poultry farms, as well as slaughterhouses, as these businesses scramble to protect against bird flu.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With bird flu spreading on dairy farms across the U.S., federal scientists and health experts warn people about increased risks from drinking raw milk. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715899065,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1369},"headData":{"title":"Californians Urged to Avoid Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Outbreak on Dairy Farms | KQED","description":"With bird flu spreading on dairy farms across the U.S., federal scientists and health experts warn people about increased risks from drinking raw milk. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Californians Urged to Avoid Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Outbreak on Dairy Farms","datePublished":"2024-05-16T13:00:57-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-16T15:37:45-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Kristel Tjandra","nprStoryId":"kqed-1992816","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992816/californians-urged-to-avoid-raw-milk-amid-bird-flu-outbreak-on-dairy-farms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Raw milk can carry dangerous bacteria at any time. But as bird flu continues to circulate in cow herds across the U.S., federal regulators and health experts are cautioning California’s raw milk producers and consumers that the risks from drinking unpasteurized milk are heading in one direction: up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the warnings, raw milk continues to be produced and sold in the state’s grocers, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture told KQED its sale remains legal, which officials allow so long as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Milk_and_Dairy_Food_Safety/rawmilk.html\">producers can show a\u003c/a> “continual and highly diligent attention to cleanliness and hygiene at both the farm and the bottling plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike pasteurized milk, raw milk does not undergo a heating process that is meant to kill or inactivate harmful bacteria and viruses. Researchers do not yet know how the virus may be transmitted to humans, and scientists like UC Davis’ Essam Abdelfattah are concerned that people who drink raw milk could get sick. “Any human being drinking raw milk is putting themselves at higher risk for diseases,” Abdelfattah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With California allowing the sale of raw milk, regulators are putting consumers at a higher risk of exposure to multiple diseases, not only bacterial diseases but also avian influenza, he said. Abdelfattah is a veterinary scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture detected the\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON512#:~:text=On%2025%20March%2C%20the%20USDA,recently%20received%20cows%20from%20Texas.\"> first cases of bird flu\u003c/a>, or H5N1, in dairy cattle on March 25 in Texas and Kansas. Since then, the USDA has \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/livestock\">detected dozens of herds positive for the virus\u003c/a> in 9 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While none of these cases were in California, scientists recommend erring on the side of caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like many infectious agents, there is no magic wall between states,” said Peter Chin-Hong, infectious disease physician at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that the possibility of the virus reaching California shouldn’t be ruled out. “Personally, for me and my family members, people I care about, and my patients, I’ll tell them to lay off raw milk right now,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although scientists agree that the likelihood of human transmissions from cows is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/inhumans.htm#:~:text=The%20detections%20of,against%20bird%20flu.\">currently low\u003c/a>, that could change in the next few months. “The ground zero of avian flu is not the cow; it’s the bird. And birds fly from state to state with wild abandon,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-flu-summary.htm\">two reported human cases of bird flu\u003c/a> in the U.S., one following an exposure to poultry in 2022 and one, more \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p0401-avian-flu.html\">recently\u003c/a>, in a person who interacted with infected dairy cows in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Debate over drinking raw milk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration bans the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-safety-and-raw-milk\">interstate sale of raw milk\u003c/a> and has long cautioned people against drinking it because of the risk of foodborne diseases; guidance that the agency is \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/updates-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">now reiterating\u003c/a> because of the spread of bird flu. The agency asked that the industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/milk-guidance-documents-regulatory-information/questions-and-answers-regarding-milk-safety-during-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai-outbreaks#:~:text=Because%20of%20the%20limited%20information,those%20infected%20with%20avian%20influenza\">stop manufacturing or selling raw milk products\u003c/a> from cows showing symptoms or that were exposed to the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also warns people that \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/rawmilk/fast-facts.html\">drinking raw milk can lead to serious illness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11986062,news_11970666","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last month, the FDA reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/updates-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai\">1 in 5 pasteurized milk products\u003c/a> nationwide tested positive for the H5N1 virus. Pasteurized milk appears to still be safe to consume because the process makes the virus inactive. Nevertheless, experts believe that the significant viral load might suggest that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/bird-flu-doesnt-pose-imminent-pandemic-risk-but-lack-of-transparency-planning-a-cause-for-concern/\">virus is spreading at a higher rate \u003c/a>than previously known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry groups and producers of raw milk have pushed back, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/updates/avian-flu-and-raw-milk-a-common-sense-approach#:~:text=The%20FDA%20acknowledges%20that%20%E2%80%9Cthere,raw%20milk%20can%20be%20carefully\">calling the warnings against raw milk related to avian flu “fear-mongering.”\u003c/a> Mark McAfee, the CEO and founder of Raw Farm, a dairy farm in Fresno and one of the largest raw milk producers in the country, said the sale of his company’s product “has never been higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers have figured out how to produce raw milk at a very low risk,” he said. He argues there are ways to produce raw milk that are clean and safe to drink. This includes sourcing milk from a single farm and ensuring that the milking equipment is clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonni Gilley, a Fresno resident, has been drinking raw milk for more than 20 years and said it hasn’t made her sick. The recent warning left her undeterred. “Raw means raw, like out of the lady, out of the cow,” she said. “To me, it’s more wholesome. I always look for products that are as close to being directly off the vine as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chin-Hong thinks continuing raw milk consumption, given the rapidly evolving nature of the virus, is “like playing Russian roulette.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk of infection isn’t the same for everyone,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to potential infection, he is most concerned about elderly people, young children, immunocompromised and pregnant individuals. “It’s often more challenging to treat these individuals just because their immune system isn’t quite as developed or robust. And the ability of drugs to work depends on some help from the immune system,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/influenza-virus-vaccine-h5n1-national-stockpile\">stockpiling\u003c/a> vaccines and adjuvants and are ready to manufacture more if needed. Doctors can currently choose from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/novel-av-treatment-guidance.htm\">four antiviral options\u003c/a> and administer them to those suspected of H5N1 infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently no requirement to test raw milk for H5N1. The FDA and USDA said they are working on \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/05/10/usda-hhs-announce-new-actions-reduce-impact-and-spread-h5n1#:~:text=To%20help%20states%20comply%20with,and%20Response%2C%20known%20as%20CEIRRs.\">testing retail milk and dairy samples\u003c/a> for H5N1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who choose to continue to drink raw milk should be extra cautious, Chin-Hong said. He recommends that people look out for any symptoms, such as headache, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, or vomiting, and contact their healthcare provider. “Because the earlier someone can get ahead of it, the better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Slowing the spread of bird flu\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the Center for Food Safety, a nonprofit that advocates for food and agricultural issues, said too much attention has been given to drinking or not drinking milk. The bigger issue is containing the potential spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, the USDA has \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/04/24/usda-actions-protect-livestock-health-highly-pathogenic-h5n1-avian\">required H5N1 PCR or genetic testing\u003c/a> for all dairy cattle before they are moved between states. But Hanson thinks that rule is not strict enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The USDA and the FDA need to be banning any shipment of animals from farms that are known to have the bird flu to other operations, whether in the state or out of state,” he said. “We don’t want this virus to mutate and act in mammals the way it does in poultry. The FDA and the USDA need to get their act together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avian flu can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/virus-transmission.htm\">transmitted \u003c/a>from birds to other animals through direct contact, such as with saliva, mucus, and feces of infected animals, or through another animal, like pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pigs are known to be susceptible to both avian and human influenza viruses. They theoretically could act as an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/virus-transmission.htm\">intermediate host\u003c/a>, or a go-between, of the new kind of infection, passing on a hybrid mutation of the virus to a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this hybrid virus survives in humans, it can be easily transmitted to other humans. Something similar happened in 2009 with another avian influenza virus, H1N1, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3841239/\">killed over 200,000 people worldwide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the risk to the general public remains low, UC Davis’s Abdelfattah said people who work on farms and have regular contact with infected animals should be extra cautious because they are at higher risk of infection. “We need to care about the safety of these workers because these people are on the front line,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the precautions include wearing personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks while handling sick animals. California health officials told KQED that they will support a one-time distribution of respirators, gloves, safety goggles and other protective equipment to workers at dairy and poultry farms, as well as slaughterhouses, as these businesses scramble to protect against bird flu.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992816/californians-urged-to-avoid-raw-milk-amid-bird-flu-outbreak-on-dairy-farms","authors":["byline_science_1992816"],"categories":["science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_664","science_4417","science_4414","science_5306"],"featImg":"science_1992812","label":"science"},"science_1992745":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992745","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992745","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area","title":"See How the Northern Lights Lit Up the Bay Area This Weekend","publishDate":1715627199,"format":"standard","headTitle":"See How the Northern Lights Lit Up the Bay Area This Weekend | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>This weekend, many Bay Area residents caught a glimpse of the pinkish, purple glow of the aurora borealis illuminating the night skies — thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2024/05/11/1250750303/photos-see-northern-lights-from-rare-solar-storm\">a powerful solar storm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of the northern lights lit up social media, which experts had cautioned might not be visible everywhere. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/injecting-caution-into-media-reports-of-northern-lights-as-far-south-as-california/\">The redder the color over a state or province, the more likely auroras will be visible.\u003c/a> The greener the color, the less likely they will be visible,” said Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute and the OLLI Program at SF State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the strongest such solar storm seen in over 20 years. But if you were one of the many people who missed the light show this time around, don’t worry. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/injecting-caution-into-media-reports-of-northern-lights-as-far-south-as-california/\">The next year or so will be a good time for space weather fans,\u003c/a>” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a roundup of some of those stunning moments around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992754\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1169px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992754 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1169\" height=\"785\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1.jpg 1169w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights captured above Rat Rock, China Camp State Park. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992755\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992755 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the northern lights in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992769 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The northern lights (aurora borealis) illuminate the sky of San Francisco North Bay as seen from China Camp Beach in San Rafael, California, on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992757\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2157\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1367x2048.jpg 1367w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights above a red jeep in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(punksworld on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992758\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992758\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights in Pacifica on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(weekendwanderersinc on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992770\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992770\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(sooshroot on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992766\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992766\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen above houses in Dublin. \u003ccite>(Chakri)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992788\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992788\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen in Milpitas. \u003ccite>(_DigitalHunk_ on Reddit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992810\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992810\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights captured off Pine Flat Road in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. \u003ccite>(Reed Maidenberg )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/danbrekke/status/1789180045208228062\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/drwpuma/status/1789518716931285015\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EddalaineMF/status/1789307673630106010\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/DivyaDubey1/status/1789187575183519942\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/kurtzmanphoto/status/1789479847376695494\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Buyside_Guy/status/1789183826629177682\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/C65VUZPriAx\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you missed out on the seeing the aurora borealis this weekend, these stunning images might cure your FOMO (or, let's be honest, make it worse.)","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715718548,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":334},"headData":{"title":"See How the Northern Lights Lit Up the Bay Area This Weekend | KQED","description":"If you missed out on the seeing the aurora borealis this weekend, these stunning images might cure your FOMO (or, let's be honest, make it worse.)","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"See How the Northern Lights Lit Up the Bay Area This Weekend","datePublished":"2024-05-13T12:06:39-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-14T13:29:08-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1992745","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992745/see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This weekend, many Bay Area residents caught a glimpse of the pinkish, purple glow of the aurora borealis illuminating the night skies — thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2024/05/11/1250750303/photos-see-northern-lights-from-rare-solar-storm\">a powerful solar storm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of the northern lights lit up social media, which experts had cautioned might not be visible everywhere. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/injecting-caution-into-media-reports-of-northern-lights-as-far-south-as-california/\">The redder the color over a state or province, the more likely auroras will be visible.\u003c/a> The greener the color, the less likely they will be visible,” said Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute and the OLLI Program at SF State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the strongest such solar storm seen in over 20 years. But if you were one of the many people who missed the light show this time around, don’t worry. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/injecting-caution-into-media-reports-of-northern-lights-as-far-south-as-california/\">The next year or so will be a good time for space weather fans,\u003c/a>” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a roundup of some of those stunning moments around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992754\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1169px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992754 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1169\" height=\"785\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1.jpg 1169w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights captured above Rat Rock, China Camp State Park. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992755\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992755 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the northern lights in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992769 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The northern lights (aurora borealis) illuminate the sky of San Francisco North Bay as seen from China Camp Beach in San Rafael, California, on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992757\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2157\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1367x2048.jpg 1367w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights above a red jeep in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(punksworld on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992758\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992758\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights in Pacifica on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(weekendwanderersinc on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992770\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992770\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(sooshroot on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992766\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992766\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen above houses in Dublin. \u003ccite>(Chakri)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992788\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992788\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen in Milpitas. \u003ccite>(_DigitalHunk_ on Reddit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992810\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992810\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights captured off Pine Flat Road in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. \u003ccite>(Reed Maidenberg )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789180045208228062"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789518716931285015"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789307673630106010"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789187575183519942"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789479847376695494"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789183826629177682"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"instagramLink","attributes":{"named":{"instagramId":"C65VUZPriAx"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992745/see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_4450"],"tags":["science_4992","science_5303","science_5304"],"featImg":"science_1992756","label":"science"},"science_1992826":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992826","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992826","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-solar-storms-that-bring-northern-lights-can-also-cause-tech-chaos","title":"How Solar Storms That Bring Northern Lights Can Also Cause Tech Chaos","publishDate":1716289398,"format":"image","headTitle":"How Solar Storms That Bring Northern Lights Can Also Cause Tech Chaos | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Last weekend, a series of powerful solar storms brought the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992745/see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area\">northern lights to the Bay Area\u003c/a> and much of the world, illuminating the night skies with a mesmerizing display of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As well as causing the aurora borealis, these solar storms also have the potential to bring widespread disruption to Earth’s electrical systems — something that originally happened all the way back in 1859 during one of the largest geomagnetic storms recorded in history. And it’s happened since, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for a look back at the times that our planet has experienced technological chaos caused by solar storms — and what the chances might be of this happening again in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#nextnorthernlights\">When could I see the northern lights again in California?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#solarstormscience\">The science behind solar storms\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"historysolarstorms\">\u003c/a>The most intense solar storm in history: The Carrington event\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest \u003ca href=\"#solarstormscience\">solar storms\u003c/a> in history happened in September 1859, just a few months before the solar maximum — the peak of the 11-year solar cycle — of 1860. The storm, also known as the Carrington Event, was after British astronomer Richard Carrington, who first observed a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5215858/\">white light flare\u003c/a>” while looking for sunspots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The geomagnetic storm that ensued in the next 17 hours caused chaos to that era’s version of the World Wide Web and shocked telegraph operators around the globe, who found their networks disrupted and even saw fires in multiple telegraph stations throughout Europe and North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to contemporary newspaper reports, for hours, telegraph operators were even able to use the overflowing current present in the air to continue working their \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/05/1859s-great-auroral-stormthe-week-the-sun-touched-the-earth/\">unplugged telegraph machines\u003c/a>. One Portland operator reportedly said the machines worked “better than with our batteries on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992831\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992831\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/20240506110746_1024_aia_0131.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sun emitted three strong solar flares. The first flare peaked at 2:01 a.m. EDT on May 5, 2024, and the second peaked at 7:54 a.m. EDT on May 5, 2024. The third peaked at 2:35 a.m. EDT on May 6, 2024. NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, which watches the sun constantly, captured an image of the event. The imagery shows 131 Angstrom light, a subset of extreme ultraviolet light. The sequence culminates with an X4.5 flare. \u003ccite>(NASA SDO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the solar storm also created spectacular auroral displays in places beyond the usual polar latitudes, as far as south as Mexico and Hawaii. In the northeastern U.S., the northern lights were so bright that people reported using \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223344160_Eyewitness_Reports_of_the_Great_Auroral_Storm_of_1859\">the storm’s glow to read the newspaper at night\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sonoma-county-journal-aurora-091859/147418815/\">\u003cem>Sonoma County Journal\u003c/em> in September 1859\u003c/a> described the beautiful view of the auroras seen in California as “exhibiting every hue from blood red to the faintest golden yellow, and extending from the horizon to the zenith in all directions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists today believe that multiple \u003ca href=\"#solarstormscience\">coronal mass ejections (CMEs)\u003c/a> hit Earth during the Carrington Event, arriving in the Earth’s atmosphere in just 17 hours — a journey that usually takes several days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How would Carrington 2.0 affect us today?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Luckily for us, solar storms like the Carrington Event only happen once every few centuries. So the likelihood of it happening during our lifetime is slim, according to Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But, it could happen,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How would such an event today impact us, and are we prepared?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, we are in a much more vulnerable place than they were in 1859,” Fraknoi said. And while not at the same scale as the Carrington Event, the solar storm of March 1989 could give a preview of that potential impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm caused a massive power outage of \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/24983-auroras-1989-great-solar-storm.html\">Hydro-Québec’s electricity transmission system\u003c/a>, leaving 6 million Canadians in the dark for 9 hours and significantly interfering with the U.S. power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992866\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2160px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992866\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2160\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text.jpg 2160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-800x400.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-1020x510.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-2048x1024.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-1920x960.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured images of the two solar flares on May 10 and May 11, 2024. The flares are classified as X5.8 and X1.5-class flares, respectively. The image shows a subset of extreme ultraviolet light that highlights the extremely hot material in flares created from a mixture of SDO’s AIA 193, 171 and 131 channels. \u003ccite>(NASA SDO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12507/severe-space-weather-events-understanding-societal-and-economic-impacts-a\">2013 report by the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> estimates that such a storm now could cost one to two trillion dollars in the first year alone and take a decade to recover from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re dependent on GPS satellites, and the power grid is connected in very complicated ways among different parts of the U.S. and parts of North America,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there were a huge amount of current coming from the sky, it could overwhelm or damage the power grid connections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2013 report lays out the potential disruption on satellites, power grids and infrastructure, as well as the socioeconomic impacts of another Carrington Event happening today. Depending on the scale of the solar storms, disruptions can last for weeks or even years, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[aside postID=science_1992745 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/9C3BB325-2D3B-4450-AF51-36481D9C2232-1-1020x682.jpg']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can imagine a space weather storm strong enough to knock out power from New York down to the Carolinas for weeks, that’s not ‘a bad day’ anymore. That’s a national security risk,” said Bryan Brasher, Project Manager at the Space Weather Prediction Center for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brasher works with the team that predicts space weather events like the recent solar storms we experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a massive geomagnetic storm like the Carrington Event were to happen today, he said, it could interfere with radio communications and GPS signals and disrupt operations on spacecraft and even pipelines and railroads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brasher is optimistic that our understanding of space weather prediction has improved over the last century — and more research is being done to mitigate any catastrophic events that could result from a large solar storm event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think today we like to think that by doing our job to provide forecasts and information to these critical system operators, that they will take mitigating factors to help prevent failures,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992860\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992860\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_7-8_2024_SDO_131_Dual_Active_Regions_bigger.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured these images of the solar flares — as seen in the bright flashes in the left image (May 8 flare) and the right image (May 7 flare). The image shows 131 angstrom light, a subset of extreme ultraviolet light that highlights the extremely hot material in flares and is colorized in orange. \u003ccite>(NASA SDO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"solarstormcali\">\u003c/a>Other large solar storms that brought aurora sightings to California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Here’s a list of other large geomagnetic storms that disrupted technology in parts of the U.S. These storms may not necessarily have caused disruptions in California, but sightings of the aurora were visible in the region during most of these storms:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>November 1882:\u003c/strong> A report in the \u003cem>SF Examiner\u003c/em> in 1882 mentions interruptions to telegraphic communications in places like New York, Chicago, and Boston, with sightings of the aurora visible from Mendocino. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-aurora-111882/147435675/\">The hues are deep crimson, shading to light green on the horizon. It lasted several hours,\u003c/a>” wrote the \u003cem>Examiner\u003c/em>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>May 1921:\u003c/strong> A powerful solar storm known as the New York Railroad Storm caused a fire near the Grand Central Terminal in New York. There were reports of damages to telegraph systems in Europe and the Southern Hemisphere. Reports of aurora sightings in San Francisco, Oakland, and Santa Clara were described as “brilliant hued skies,” according to the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/san-francisco-chronicle-aurora-051921/147435792/\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>August 1972:\u003c/strong> Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) caused solar storms that disrupted communication grids and satellite communications in North America, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-solar-storm-detonated-u-s-navy-mines-during-the-vietnam-war/\">reports\u003c/a> saying it caused the accidental detonation of a number of U.S. naval mines near North Vietnam.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 1989:\u003c/strong> Although no technological disruptions occurred here in California, a “night sky glow” that “varied in color from a whitish green to a brilliant red” was seen in Napa, Solano, Mendocino and San Luis Obispo, according to \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-aurora-031989/147435466/\">SF Examiner.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>October 2003:\u003c/strong> Also known as “the Halloween solar storms,” this event caused interruptions to satellite-based systems and communications and aircraft were advised to avoid high altitudes near the polar regions. Again, aurora was visible in California as reported by \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/92182338/?match=1&clipping_id=147513277\">Santa Cruz Sentinal\u003c/a>\u003c/em>: “A mysterious light that appeared to fall from the sky over the Santa Cruz Mountains had many residents calling emergency dispatchers Thursday night.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992755\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992755\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the northern lights in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"solarstormscience\">\u003c/a>The science behind solar storms: Understanding space weather\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To understand space weather, we have to look at the (literal) star of the show: the sun. While this big ball of hot gas is more than 90 million miles away, its influence on Earth and our environment is massive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar winds, flares and ‘cannonballs’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun’s dynamic and complex body continuously emits charged particles into space called solar wind, which astronomer Fraknoi describes as “kind of like a breeze of particles from the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It goes in all directions from the sun, and it always comes toward the Earth,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a complex magnetic field woven throughout the sun,” Fraknoi said, thanks to these charged particles and the rotation of the sun. And as the magnetic field rotates with the sun, it stretches, twists and snaps like a rubber band.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that snap happens, particles and energy from the sun are released into space, causing a giant flash of light called a solar flare — which travels at the speed of light in all directions and takes about eight minutes to reach Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when a larger amount of those same particles is released, that’s called a coronal mass ejection (CME) — which Fraknoi describes as “blobs of charged particles” hurled out in space. CMEs take one to three days to reach Earth — and unlike solar flares that appear as a flash of light, CMEs look more like explosions in space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992862 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May8-2024_Flares_SDO131_Limb.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured this imagery of solar flares from May 7–8, 2024. The imagery shows 131 Angstrom light, a subset of extreme ultraviolet light. \u003ccite>(NASA SDO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Solar flares almost always precede a CME. And because it can take days for a CME to reach Earth, flares let the team at Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA send out early warnings to the masses, Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most times, these CMEs from the sun are pointed towards random directions in space. “But every once in a while, the coronal mass ejection is pointed toward Earth,” Fraknoi said. And when it is, that’s when we get a strong geomagnetic storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brasher said he likes to think of solar flares like the flash at the end of a cannon when it shoots off — and “you can think of the cannonball as being like a CME,” he said. “It’s massive, it has weight. It travels much slower than the speed of light — and most importantly, has a direction component to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Earth also has its own magnetic fields that function as a “protective bottle” known as a magnetosphere. The Earth’s magnetosphere is weaker in the north and south poles, noted Fraknoi — making places like Alaska and Antarctica great spots to see the aurora more regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What causes these aurora?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When charged particles flowing from the sun get caught up in the Earth’s magnetic field, it energizes the atmosphere’s molecules (like nitrogen and oxygen), excites them and creates a colorful display of light we know as the aurora, or the northern lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The different colors we see from Earth — the hues of green, red, purple, and blue — depend on which molecule is being excited by the charged particles and on how much energy is being exchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992853\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 940px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992853\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"940\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header.png 940w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header-800x478.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header-768x459.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Earth’s magnetosphere deflects most solar energy and particles, but occasionally, some make it down into the auroral ovals at the North and South poles. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the northern lights are most common around the poles, how do we see them all the way here in the Bay Area?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During strong geomagnetic storms like the one we experienced over a week ago — usually when a CME is involved — the aurora that is usually only visible in those polar regions is now supercharged and distributed even more geographically, making them visible in places you don’t normally see them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"nextnorthernlights\">\u003c/a>When could be my next chance to see the northern lights in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many were lucky enough to clearly see the recent aurora caused by one of the largest solar storms in over 20 years, folks who weren’t so fortunate shared \u003ca href=\"https://www.boredpanda.com/northern-lights-jokes-memes/\">memes on social media\u003c/a> about their \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/FOMO\">FOMO\u003c/a>, with one user calling this elusive glow the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/1cpc8pe/comment/l3koer0/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button\">aurora \u003cem>fog\u003c/em>ealis\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if that was you, there’s still hope. Experts say we might see more auroras in the next couple of years, thanks to the sun’s cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992769\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern Lights (aurora borealis) illuminate the sky of San Francisco North Bay as seen from China Camp Beach in San Rafael, California on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sun undergoes an eleven-year solar cycle, with solar activity rising and falling. We are currently approaching the peak of the solar cycle, also known as the solar maximum. During this period, space weather events like solar flares and CMEs can happen more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the solar cycle, the sun’s magnetic field goes from being really uniform and easy to getting really complicated, intertwined and complex,” Brasher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists predict these solar storms will reach their peak in 2025. But sometimes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01432-7\">the biggest storms can hit years after the solar maximum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To stay up to date with the latest news on geomagnetic storms, you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/subscription-services\">subscribe to email updates from the Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA\u003c/a>. Brasher recommends subscribing to notifications of G4 and G5 storm alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mysteries of the sun are still out there,” Brasher said. “We have a lot to understand about the dynamo, and the dynamics of it and how it impacts Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In 1859, a massive solar storm brought the aurora borealis to awed onlookers — but also knocked out Earth's early communications networks. Could it happen again? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1716310810,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":51,"wordCount":2450},"headData":{"title":"How Solar Storms That Bring Northern Lights Can Also Cause Tech Chaos | KQED","description":"In 1859, a massive solar storm brought the aurora borealis to awed onlookers — but also knocked out Earth's early communications networks. Could it happen again? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Solar Storms That Bring Northern Lights Can Also Cause Tech Chaos","datePublished":"2024-05-21T04:03:18-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-21T10:00:10-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1992826","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992826/how-solar-storms-that-bring-northern-lights-can-also-cause-tech-chaos","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last weekend, a series of powerful solar storms brought the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992745/see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area\">northern lights to the Bay Area\u003c/a> and much of the world, illuminating the night skies with a mesmerizing display of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As well as causing the aurora borealis, these solar storms also have the potential to bring widespread disruption to Earth’s electrical systems — something that originally happened all the way back in 1859 during one of the largest geomagnetic storms recorded in history. And it’s happened since, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for a look back at the times that our planet has experienced technological chaos caused by solar storms — and what the chances might be of this happening again in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#nextnorthernlights\">When could I see the northern lights again in California?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#solarstormscience\">The science behind solar storms\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"historysolarstorms\">\u003c/a>The most intense solar storm in history: The Carrington event\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest \u003ca href=\"#solarstormscience\">solar storms\u003c/a> in history happened in September 1859, just a few months before the solar maximum — the peak of the 11-year solar cycle — of 1860. The storm, also known as the Carrington Event, was after British astronomer Richard Carrington, who first observed a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5215858/\">white light flare\u003c/a>” while looking for sunspots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The geomagnetic storm that ensued in the next 17 hours caused chaos to that era’s version of the World Wide Web and shocked telegraph operators around the globe, who found their networks disrupted and even saw fires in multiple telegraph stations throughout Europe and North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to contemporary newspaper reports, for hours, telegraph operators were even able to use the overflowing current present in the air to continue working their \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/05/1859s-great-auroral-stormthe-week-the-sun-touched-the-earth/\">unplugged telegraph machines\u003c/a>. One Portland operator reportedly said the machines worked “better than with our batteries on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992831\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992831\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/20240506110746_1024_aia_0131.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sun emitted three strong solar flares. The first flare peaked at 2:01 a.m. EDT on May 5, 2024, and the second peaked at 7:54 a.m. EDT on May 5, 2024. The third peaked at 2:35 a.m. EDT on May 6, 2024. NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, which watches the sun constantly, captured an image of the event. The imagery shows 131 Angstrom light, a subset of extreme ultraviolet light. The sequence culminates with an X4.5 flare. \u003ccite>(NASA SDO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the solar storm also created spectacular auroral displays in places beyond the usual polar latitudes, as far as south as Mexico and Hawaii. In the northeastern U.S., the northern lights were so bright that people reported using \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223344160_Eyewitness_Reports_of_the_Great_Auroral_Storm_of_1859\">the storm’s glow to read the newspaper at night\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sonoma-county-journal-aurora-091859/147418815/\">\u003cem>Sonoma County Journal\u003c/em> in September 1859\u003c/a> described the beautiful view of the auroras seen in California as “exhibiting every hue from blood red to the faintest golden yellow, and extending from the horizon to the zenith in all directions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists today believe that multiple \u003ca href=\"#solarstormscience\">coronal mass ejections (CMEs)\u003c/a> hit Earth during the Carrington Event, arriving in the Earth’s atmosphere in just 17 hours — a journey that usually takes several days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How would Carrington 2.0 affect us today?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Luckily for us, solar storms like the Carrington Event only happen once every few centuries. So the likelihood of it happening during our lifetime is slim, according to Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But, it could happen,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How would such an event today impact us, and are we prepared?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, we are in a much more vulnerable place than they were in 1859,” Fraknoi said. And while not at the same scale as the Carrington Event, the solar storm of March 1989 could give a preview of that potential impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm caused a massive power outage of \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/24983-auroras-1989-great-solar-storm.html\">Hydro-Québec’s electricity transmission system\u003c/a>, leaving 6 million Canadians in the dark for 9 hours and significantly interfering with the U.S. power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992866\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2160px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992866\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2160\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text.jpg 2160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-800x400.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-1020x510.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-2048x1024.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_11_side-by-side_no_text-1920x960.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured images of the two solar flares on May 10 and May 11, 2024. The flares are classified as X5.8 and X1.5-class flares, respectively. The image shows a subset of extreme ultraviolet light that highlights the extremely hot material in flares created from a mixture of SDO’s AIA 193, 171 and 131 channels. \u003ccite>(NASA SDO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12507/severe-space-weather-events-understanding-societal-and-economic-impacts-a\">2013 report by the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> estimates that such a storm now could cost one to two trillion dollars in the first year alone and take a decade to recover from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re dependent on GPS satellites, and the power grid is connected in very complicated ways among different parts of the U.S. and parts of North America,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there were a huge amount of current coming from the sky, it could overwhelm or damage the power grid connections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2013 report lays out the potential disruption on satellites, power grids and infrastructure, as well as the socioeconomic impacts of another Carrington Event happening today. Depending on the scale of the solar storms, disruptions can last for weeks or even years, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1992745","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/9C3BB325-2D3B-4450-AF51-36481D9C2232-1-1020x682.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can imagine a space weather storm strong enough to knock out power from New York down to the Carolinas for weeks, that’s not ‘a bad day’ anymore. That’s a national security risk,” said Bryan Brasher, Project Manager at the Space Weather Prediction Center for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brasher works with the team that predicts space weather events like the recent solar storms we experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a massive geomagnetic storm like the Carrington Event were to happen today, he said, it could interfere with radio communications and GPS signals and disrupt operations on spacecraft and even pipelines and railroads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brasher is optimistic that our understanding of space weather prediction has improved over the last century — and more research is being done to mitigate any catastrophic events that could result from a large solar storm event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think today we like to think that by doing our job to provide forecasts and information to these critical system operators, that they will take mitigating factors to help prevent failures,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992860\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992860\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May_7-8_2024_SDO_131_Dual_Active_Regions_bigger.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured these images of the solar flares — as seen in the bright flashes in the left image (May 8 flare) and the right image (May 7 flare). The image shows 131 angstrom light, a subset of extreme ultraviolet light that highlights the extremely hot material in flares and is colorized in orange. \u003ccite>(NASA SDO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"solarstormcali\">\u003c/a>Other large solar storms that brought aurora sightings to California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Here’s a list of other large geomagnetic storms that disrupted technology in parts of the U.S. These storms may not necessarily have caused disruptions in California, but sightings of the aurora were visible in the region during most of these storms:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>November 1882:\u003c/strong> A report in the \u003cem>SF Examiner\u003c/em> in 1882 mentions interruptions to telegraphic communications in places like New York, Chicago, and Boston, with sightings of the aurora visible from Mendocino. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-aurora-111882/147435675/\">The hues are deep crimson, shading to light green on the horizon. It lasted several hours,\u003c/a>” wrote the \u003cem>Examiner\u003c/em>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>May 1921:\u003c/strong> A powerful solar storm known as the New York Railroad Storm caused a fire near the Grand Central Terminal in New York. There were reports of damages to telegraph systems in Europe and the Southern Hemisphere. Reports of aurora sightings in San Francisco, Oakland, and Santa Clara were described as “brilliant hued skies,” according to the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/san-francisco-chronicle-aurora-051921/147435792/\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>August 1972:\u003c/strong> Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) caused solar storms that disrupted communication grids and satellite communications in North America, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-solar-storm-detonated-u-s-navy-mines-during-the-vietnam-war/\">reports\u003c/a> saying it caused the accidental detonation of a number of U.S. naval mines near North Vietnam.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 1989:\u003c/strong> Although no technological disruptions occurred here in California, a “night sky glow” that “varied in color from a whitish green to a brilliant red” was seen in Napa, Solano, Mendocino and San Luis Obispo, according to \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-aurora-031989/147435466/\">SF Examiner.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>October 2003:\u003c/strong> Also known as “the Halloween solar storms,” this event caused interruptions to satellite-based systems and communications and aircraft were advised to avoid high altitudes near the polar regions. Again, aurora was visible in California as reported by \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/92182338/?match=1&clipping_id=147513277\">Santa Cruz Sentinal\u003c/a>\u003c/em>: “A mysterious light that appeared to fall from the sky over the Santa Cruz Mountains had many residents calling emergency dispatchers Thursday night.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992755\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992755\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the northern lights in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"solarstormscience\">\u003c/a>The science behind solar storms: Understanding space weather\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To understand space weather, we have to look at the (literal) star of the show: the sun. While this big ball of hot gas is more than 90 million miles away, its influence on Earth and our environment is massive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar winds, flares and ‘cannonballs’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun’s dynamic and complex body continuously emits charged particles into space called solar wind, which astronomer Fraknoi describes as “kind of like a breeze of particles from the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It goes in all directions from the sun, and it always comes toward the Earth,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a complex magnetic field woven throughout the sun,” Fraknoi said, thanks to these charged particles and the rotation of the sun. And as the magnetic field rotates with the sun, it stretches, twists and snaps like a rubber band.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that snap happens, particles and energy from the sun are released into space, causing a giant flash of light called a solar flare — which travels at the speed of light in all directions and takes about eight minutes to reach Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when a larger amount of those same particles is released, that’s called a coronal mass ejection (CME) — which Fraknoi describes as “blobs of charged particles” hurled out in space. CMEs take one to three days to reach Earth — and unlike solar flares that appear as a flash of light, CMEs look more like explosions in space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992862 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/May8-2024_Flares_SDO131_Limb.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured this imagery of solar flares from May 7–8, 2024. The imagery shows 131 Angstrom light, a subset of extreme ultraviolet light. \u003ccite>(NASA SDO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Solar flares almost always precede a CME. And because it can take days for a CME to reach Earth, flares let the team at Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA send out early warnings to the masses, Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most times, these CMEs from the sun are pointed towards random directions in space. “But every once in a while, the coronal mass ejection is pointed toward Earth,” Fraknoi said. And when it is, that’s when we get a strong geomagnetic storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brasher said he likes to think of solar flares like the flash at the end of a cannon when it shoots off — and “you can think of the cannonball as being like a CME,” he said. “It’s massive, it has weight. It travels much slower than the speed of light — and most importantly, has a direction component to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Earth also has its own magnetic fields that function as a “protective bottle” known as a magnetosphere. The Earth’s magnetosphere is weaker in the north and south poles, noted Fraknoi — making places like Alaska and Antarctica great spots to see the aurora more regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What causes these aurora?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When charged particles flowing from the sun get caught up in the Earth’s magnetic field, it energizes the atmosphere’s molecules (like nitrogen and oxygen), excites them and creates a colorful display of light we know as the aurora, or the northern lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The different colors we see from Earth — the hues of green, red, purple, and blue — depend on which molecule is being excited by the charged particles and on how much energy is being exchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992853\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 940px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992853\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"940\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header.png 940w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header-800x478.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/phenomena_header-768x459.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Earth’s magnetosphere deflects most solar energy and particles, but occasionally, some make it down into the auroral ovals at the North and South poles. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the northern lights are most common around the poles, how do we see them all the way here in the Bay Area?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During strong geomagnetic storms like the one we experienced over a week ago — usually when a CME is involved — the aurora that is usually only visible in those polar regions is now supercharged and distributed even more geographically, making them visible in places you don’t normally see them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"nextnorthernlights\">\u003c/a>When could be my next chance to see the northern lights in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many were lucky enough to clearly see the recent aurora caused by one of the largest solar storms in over 20 years, folks who weren’t so fortunate shared \u003ca href=\"https://www.boredpanda.com/northern-lights-jokes-memes/\">memes on social media\u003c/a> about their \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/FOMO\">FOMO\u003c/a>, with one user calling this elusive glow the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/1cpc8pe/comment/l3koer0/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button\">aurora \u003cem>fog\u003c/em>ealis\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if that was you, there’s still hope. Experts say we might see more auroras in the next couple of years, thanks to the sun’s cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992769\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern Lights (aurora borealis) illuminate the sky of San Francisco North Bay as seen from China Camp Beach in San Rafael, California on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sun undergoes an eleven-year solar cycle, with solar activity rising and falling. We are currently approaching the peak of the solar cycle, also known as the solar maximum. During this period, space weather events like solar flares and CMEs can happen more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the solar cycle, the sun’s magnetic field goes from being really uniform and easy to getting really complicated, intertwined and complex,” Brasher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists predict these solar storms will reach their peak in 2025. But sometimes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01432-7\">the biggest storms can hit years after the solar maximum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To stay up to date with the latest news on geomagnetic storms, you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/subscription-services\">subscribe to email updates from the Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA\u003c/a>. Brasher recommends subscribing to notifications of G4 and G5 storm alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mysteries of the sun are still out there,” Brasher said. “We have a lot to understand about the dynamo, and the dynamics of it and how it impacts Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992826/how-solar-storms-that-bring-northern-lights-can-also-cause-tech-chaos","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4992","science_5303","science_4417","science_4414","science_576","science_577"],"featImg":"science_1992828","label":"science"},"science_1992803":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992803","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992803","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"newsom-seeks-faster-track-for-home-insurance-rate-hikes-as-market-shrinks","title":"Newsom Seeks Faster Track for Home Insurance Rate Hikes as Market Shrinks","publishDate":1715711087,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Newsom Seeks Faster Track for Home Insurance Rate Hikes as Market Shrinks | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>With wildfire risk and inflation making new homeowners insurance policies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980757/state-insurance-chief-tries-to-fix-insurance-market-hit-by-climate-change-rising-premiums-and-canceled-policies\">increasingly difficult to find in California\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing to fast-track new regulations that could speed up state reviews of requested rate hikes by insurers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules Newsom requested by executive order last fall are part of a series of proposed changes from the California Department of Insurance that would go into effect at the end of this year. But speaking on Friday at a press conference, Newsom said he didn’t think that would be soon enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“December? I don’t think we have that much time,” Newsom said. “We need to move. We need to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plans to work with legislators on a trailer bill, to be attached to the state budget, that could go into effect July 1, enacting regulatory changes to streamline the information insurance companies have to provide to the state when they want to make a change to their rates, whether those are increases or decreases. The proposed changes covered by the trailer bill would also impose time limits on how long the insurance department has to approve or deny those requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, this can take many months, even several years. It’s a major complaint from the insurance industry, which has seen a growing number of insurers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992401/homeowners-insurance-market-stretched-even-thinner-as-2-more-companies-leave-california\">pull out of California’s homeowners market\u003c/a> in recent months. From their perspective, by the time a rate increase is approved, it’s already out of date. Newsom wants to see this take only two months at most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to get this rate ruling process done, and that’s why we want to expedite it over a 60-day period. We need to stabilize this market. We need to send the right signals,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the state’s powerful Consumer Watchdog organization pushed back on Newsom’s proposal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-05-13/california-governor-newsom-insurance-rates-fair-plan\">saying it could become a “rubber stamp” for proposed rate increases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the insurance department will continue working on the rest of a suite of regulatory overhauls under what it is calling the \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/180-climate-change/SustainableInsuranceStrategy.cfm\">Sustainable Insurance Strategy\u003c/a>. This includes allowing insurers to use forward-looking models to set rates instead of just historical data; allowing some reinsurance costs — reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies — into customer rates; and requiring insurers to write a lot more coverage in risky parts of the state, with the goal of de-populating the teetering FAIR Plan, California’s insurer of last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara wrote on X, formerly Twitter, that he appreciated the governor’s support and agreed quick action was needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Epstein, CEO of the Independent Insurance Agents and Brokers of California, said it was hard to know exactly what to think about the bill until details were released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly, we would welcome anything that will expedite this process,” Epstein said. “It sounds great, and I hope it’s meaningful when it gets put in print.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement could be a major step toward assuaging the concerns of insurers operating in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1992401,news_11980757,science_1985175\"]“I’ve been watching this happen over the last three, four or five years. And we reached that tipping point, and we fell over it,” said Karl Susman, owner of Susman Insurance Agency. “And so now everyone is rushing to try and fix the problem that has been occurring slowly. So, on one hand, I’m shocked that they’re taking this as seriously as they, frankly, should have been for quite some time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he said, Newsom’s action on something that is already part of the Sustainable Insurance Strategy could signal to private insurance carriers that the state is serious about enacting changes. He said that may encourage them to start re-entering the insurance market sooner than the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, in a recent insurance hearing, one major company said it would return to the state once reforms are enacted. “If the regulations were in effect today, we would begin selling new homeowner insurance policies tomorrow,” said Gerald Zimmerman, senior vice president of government relations for Allstate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the changes will not likely immediately relieve homeowners paying for insurance policies. “It’s still going to be a while,” Epstein said. “And when I say relief, let’s be clear that people’s premiums and the rates are going up. Everyone agrees that [will happen]. So when I say relief, I mean relief from a market that is so stressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to the FAIR Plan, which is so over-committed and under-resourced it is nearing a breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more options,” Epstein said. “The way it all works, the more options we have for our consumers, the more stable our market, the lower the prices will get. And that’s where we were for so many years. And we need to get back.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With wildfire risk and inflation destabilizing California's homeowners insurance market, Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing to fast-track new regulatory changes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715713022,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":863},"headData":{"title":"Newsom Seeks Faster Track for Home Insurance Rate Hikes as Market Shrinks | KQED","description":"With wildfire risk and inflation destabilizing California's homeowners insurance market, Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing to fast-track new regulatory changes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Newsom Seeks Faster Track for Home Insurance Rate Hikes as Market Shrinks","datePublished":"2024-05-14T11:24:47-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-14T11:57:02-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1992803","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992803/newsom-seeks-faster-track-for-home-insurance-rate-hikes-as-market-shrinks","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With wildfire risk and inflation making new homeowners insurance policies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980757/state-insurance-chief-tries-to-fix-insurance-market-hit-by-climate-change-rising-premiums-and-canceled-policies\">increasingly difficult to find in California\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing to fast-track new regulations that could speed up state reviews of requested rate hikes by insurers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules Newsom requested by executive order last fall are part of a series of proposed changes from the California Department of Insurance that would go into effect at the end of this year. But speaking on Friday at a press conference, Newsom said he didn’t think that would be soon enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“December? I don’t think we have that much time,” Newsom said. “We need to move. We need to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plans to work with legislators on a trailer bill, to be attached to the state budget, that could go into effect July 1, enacting regulatory changes to streamline the information insurance companies have to provide to the state when they want to make a change to their rates, whether those are increases or decreases. The proposed changes covered by the trailer bill would also impose time limits on how long the insurance department has to approve or deny those requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, this can take many months, even several years. It’s a major complaint from the insurance industry, which has seen a growing number of insurers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992401/homeowners-insurance-market-stretched-even-thinner-as-2-more-companies-leave-california\">pull out of California’s homeowners market\u003c/a> in recent months. From their perspective, by the time a rate increase is approved, it’s already out of date. Newsom wants to see this take only two months at most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to get this rate ruling process done, and that’s why we want to expedite it over a 60-day period. We need to stabilize this market. We need to send the right signals,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the state’s powerful Consumer Watchdog organization pushed back on Newsom’s proposal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-05-13/california-governor-newsom-insurance-rates-fair-plan\">saying it could become a “rubber stamp” for proposed rate increases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the insurance department will continue working on the rest of a suite of regulatory overhauls under what it is calling the \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/180-climate-change/SustainableInsuranceStrategy.cfm\">Sustainable Insurance Strategy\u003c/a>. This includes allowing insurers to use forward-looking models to set rates instead of just historical data; allowing some reinsurance costs — reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies — into customer rates; and requiring insurers to write a lot more coverage in risky parts of the state, with the goal of de-populating the teetering FAIR Plan, California’s insurer of last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara wrote on X, formerly Twitter, that he appreciated the governor’s support and agreed quick action was needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Epstein, CEO of the Independent Insurance Agents and Brokers of California, said it was hard to know exactly what to think about the bill until details were released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly, we would welcome anything that will expedite this process,” Epstein said. “It sounds great, and I hope it’s meaningful when it gets put in print.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement could be a major step toward assuaging the concerns of insurers operating in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1992401,news_11980757,science_1985175"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I’ve been watching this happen over the last three, four or five years. And we reached that tipping point, and we fell over it,” said Karl Susman, owner of Susman Insurance Agency. “And so now everyone is rushing to try and fix the problem that has been occurring slowly. So, on one hand, I’m shocked that they’re taking this as seriously as they, frankly, should have been for quite some time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he said, Newsom’s action on something that is already part of the Sustainable Insurance Strategy could signal to private insurance carriers that the state is serious about enacting changes. He said that may encourage them to start re-entering the insurance market sooner than the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, in a recent insurance hearing, one major company said it would return to the state once reforms are enacted. “If the regulations were in effect today, we would begin selling new homeowner insurance policies tomorrow,” said Gerald Zimmerman, senior vice president of government relations for Allstate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the changes will not likely immediately relieve homeowners paying for insurance policies. “It’s still going to be a while,” Epstein said. “And when I say relief, let’s be clear that people’s premiums and the rates are going up. Everyone agrees that [will happen]. So when I say relief, I mean relief from a market that is so stressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to the FAIR Plan, which is so over-committed and under-resourced it is nearing a breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more options,” Epstein said. “The way it all works, the more options we have for our consumers, the more stable our market, the lower the prices will get. And that’s where we were for so many years. And we need to get back.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992803/newsom-seeks-faster-track-for-home-insurance-rate-hikes-as-market-shrinks","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_5178","science_5275","science_5274","science_3779","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1970583","label":"science"},"science_1446777":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1446777","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1446777","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","title":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex","publishDate":1489496402,"format":"video","headTitle":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]The recent heavy rains in California have been good for the drought. But it’s not just people who are celebrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown garden snails, which originated in the Mediterranean where the climate resembles much of California’s, thrive in moist places. If it’s too cold or too dry, they hunker down in their shells and wait for a wet spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the rain, when everything’s nice and damp, like it is now, snails re-emerge. That’s when love is in the air. But the sex life of these common snails is anything but ordinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they’re hermaphrodites, fitted with both male and female reproductive plumbing, and can mate with any member of their species they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds easy, but the battle of the sexes is alive and well in gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental problem for snails, who are both male and female at the same time, is how you optimize both your male function and your female function,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry_Roth2/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barry Roth, \u003c/a>a former collections manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/?gclid=CM_Omev1utICFQmIfgodVAkI3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> who’s now an independent snail and slug consultant in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In nature, fatherhood is easier. It’s the quickest, cheapest way to pass on your genes. Motherhood requires a much greater investment of time, energy, and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Courtship is how they sort that out,” Roth said. “Who’s going to be male? Who’s going to be female? Or is it going to be shared?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With garden snails, “courtship” is somewhat euphemistic. Their idea of foreplay is to stab each other with a tiny spike called a love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the play-by-play. Snails find mates using taste and smell. By waving their upper tentacles in the air—smelling—and tapping their lower ones on the ground—tasting—they pick up on the gooey trails of potential partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they follow the slime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For a detailed look at the many uses of slime, checkout this episode of Deep Look, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHvCQSGanJg&list=PLdKlciEDdCQBpNSC7BIONruffF_ab4cqK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banana Slugs: Secret of the Slime.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447013\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1447013\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\" alt=\"Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate.\" width=\"720\" height=\"404\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When snails meet, the tasting and smelling continue, this time with full-body contact, sometimes for hours. Call it heavy petting or extreme vetting, snails take the time to get to know their partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything in this courtship is wine and roses at first—then comes the love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically called a gypsobelum, the love dart is a nail-clipping-sized needle that stays hidden in an internal sac until about half an hour before copulation begins, when the sac inverts and it’s fired, or stabbed, indiscriminately into the partner’s body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being stabbed by the male dart makes you more of a female-oriented partner in that courtship,” said Roth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447011\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg\" alt='Garden snails stab each other with \"love darts\" before copulation.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden snails stab each other with “love darts” before copulation. \u003ccite>(Koene & Schulenburg 2005 BMC Evol. Biol.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The love dart is the snails’ tool for maximizing their male side. It injects hormones to prevent the other snail’s body from killing newly introduced sperm once copulation begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginal tracts. Both snails in a pairing transfer sperm, but whichever snail got in the best shot with the dart has a better chance of ultimately fertilizing eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some species, only one snail fires a love dart, but in others, like the garden snail, both do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole reproductive system is a quite a maze,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.joriskoene.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joris Koene,\u003c/a> a gastropod researcher at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can spot love darts sticking out of snails in mid-courtship, and even find them abandoned in slime puddles where mating has been happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scale it up to human size and the love dart would be the equivalent of a 15-inch knife, according to Koene. Nonetheless, he’s only seen one snail die by dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does make a pretty decent-sized hole in the body,” he said, “but in general, they are fine. They’re used to this, I guess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden. \u003ccite>(Jen Brady / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Besides having both boy and girl parts, they stab each other with “love darts” as a kind of foreplay.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928992,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":748},"headData":{"title":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex | KQED","description":"Besides having both boy and girl parts, they stab each other with “love darts” as a kind of foreplay.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex","datePublished":"2017-03-14T06:00:02-07:00","dateModified":"2024-01-10T15:23:12-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/UOcLaI44TXA","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1446777/everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The recent heavy rains in California have been good for the drought. But it’s not just people who are celebrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown garden snails, which originated in the Mediterranean where the climate resembles much of California’s, thrive in moist places. If it’s too cold or too dry, they hunker down in their shells and wait for a wet spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the rain, when everything’s nice and damp, like it is now, snails re-emerge. That’s when love is in the air. But the sex life of these common snails is anything but ordinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they’re hermaphrodites, fitted with both male and female reproductive plumbing, and can mate with any member of their species they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds easy, but the battle of the sexes is alive and well in gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental problem for snails, who are both male and female at the same time, is how you optimize both your male function and your female function,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry_Roth2/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barry Roth, \u003c/a>a former collections manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/?gclid=CM_Omev1utICFQmIfgodVAkI3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> who’s now an independent snail and slug consultant in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In nature, fatherhood is easier. It’s the quickest, cheapest way to pass on your genes. Motherhood requires a much greater investment of time, energy, and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Courtship is how they sort that out,” Roth said. “Who’s going to be male? Who’s going to be female? Or is it going to be shared?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With garden snails, “courtship” is somewhat euphemistic. Their idea of foreplay is to stab each other with a tiny spike called a love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the play-by-play. Snails find mates using taste and smell. By waving their upper tentacles in the air—smelling—and tapping their lower ones on the ground—tasting—they pick up on the gooey trails of potential partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they follow the slime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For a detailed look at the many uses of slime, checkout this episode of Deep Look, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHvCQSGanJg&list=PLdKlciEDdCQBpNSC7BIONruffF_ab4cqK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banana Slugs: Secret of the Slime.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447013\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1447013\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\" alt=\"Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate.\" width=\"720\" height=\"404\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When snails meet, the tasting and smelling continue, this time with full-body contact, sometimes for hours. Call it heavy petting or extreme vetting, snails take the time to get to know their partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything in this courtship is wine and roses at first—then comes the love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically called a gypsobelum, the love dart is a nail-clipping-sized needle that stays hidden in an internal sac until about half an hour before copulation begins, when the sac inverts and it’s fired, or stabbed, indiscriminately into the partner’s body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being stabbed by the male dart makes you more of a female-oriented partner in that courtship,” said Roth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447011\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg\" alt='Garden snails stab each other with \"love darts\" before copulation.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden snails stab each other with “love darts” before copulation. \u003ccite>(Koene & Schulenburg 2005 BMC Evol. Biol.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The love dart is the snails’ tool for maximizing their male side. It injects hormones to prevent the other snail’s body from killing newly introduced sperm once copulation begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginal tracts. Both snails in a pairing transfer sperm, but whichever snail got in the best shot with the dart has a better chance of ultimately fertilizing eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some species, only one snail fires a love dart, but in others, like the garden snail, both do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole reproductive system is a quite a maze,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.joriskoene.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joris Koene,\u003c/a> a gastropod researcher at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can spot love darts sticking out of snails in mid-courtship, and even find them abandoned in slime puddles where mating has been happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scale it up to human size and the love dart would be the equivalent of a 15-inch knife, according to Koene. Nonetheless, he’s only seen one snail die by dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does make a pretty decent-sized hole in the body,” he said, “but in general, they are fine. They’re used to this, I guess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden. \u003ccite>(Jen Brady / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1446777/everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","authors":["11090"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_35","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_179"],"featImg":"science_1467862","label":"science_1935"},"science_1918301":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1918301","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1918301","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","title":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","publishDate":1513238497,"format":"image","headTitle":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Passengers flying into Bay Area airports usually spot them out the window: huge, colorful ponds, hugging the shoreline of the bay. The patchwork of brown, green and pink looks like a bizarre quilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re known as the “salt ponds,” and Bay Curious listener Ann Vercoutere has wondered about them since her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’d drive by on the old Bayshore Freeway, you’d see these big piles of salt,” she says. “So, my question is: what’s the process of how they go from dirty bay water into salt that comes out white from my salt shaker?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>143 Billion Bowls of Popcorn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those giant piles of salt actually hold of piece of the Bay Area’s history going back to the Gold Rush and reflect the legacy of environmental change since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they also hold a lot of seasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The salt stack is 80 feet tall and about 800 feet wide,” says Maria Alizo-Martell of Cargill, Inc., standing next to the 500,000-ton pile. By rough estimate, it would season 143 billion bowls of popcorn, give or take, depending on how salty you like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piles are at Cargill’s Newark facility, where the final harvest takes place. But it begins in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salty water from the bay is captured in vast ponds, where it starts to evaporate because of heat from the sun and drying by the wind. At first, the ponds are green or brownish in color, like the bay itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918307\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918307 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/SP_V05_171212.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation shows the movement of reddish salt brine through Cargill’s Newark ponds over the course of 2017. \u003ccite>(Images provided by Planet)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the salt water becomes more concentrated, it’s moved into other ponds where the color becomes more yellowish. Finally, in the last stage, the “pickle” brine, as it’s known, starts turning pink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like pink,” says Alizo-Martell with a chuckle, walking across a shallow pond with an inch of pink water. It covers a thick layer of crusty salt and looks like a giant, raspberry snow cone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/12/salt-ponds.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/3526386886_f2139fe9ab_o-e1513209482229.jpg\" Title=\"LISTEN: What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?\" program=\"Bay Curious\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t Call it a “Salt Pond”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“This is what we call a crystallizer bed,” says Cargill’s Pat Mapelli. “This is very engineered, managed and manicured, where everything has been rolled, graded, sloped and compacted. Whereas a salt pond is essentially a diked off area that has been flooded with salt water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrant pink hue comes from a natural source: halobacterium and microscopic algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the water gets saltier, some microbes can’t hack it and they die off. But others are specially adapted to salty conditions and they flourish, changing the color of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt-loving microbes color the water before harvest. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they get stressed as the salinity increases, they produce that red color,” says Alizo-Martell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saltier the water, the redder the microbes get. That color aids in the salt-making process by absorbing sunlight and increasing evaporation. Clear water doesn’t absorb as much light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once several inches of salt form, Cargill begins the harvest, which lasts from September to December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beautiful,” says Alizo-Martell, picking up a handful of the flaky, white cubes. “It’s so weather dependent. You had a bad year, you get not much salt.” A lot of rain slows down the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive salt stack in Newark holds 500,000 tons. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, it takes three years and a thousand gallons of bay water to produce just one pound of salt. From here, it goes to a refinery where it’s cleaned, sized and sold as sea salt, bearing the Morton’s or Diamond Crystal brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 3 percent of the salt ends up on our table. The rest supplies a huge range of industrial processes, from pharmaceuticals to food production, water treatment and road salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gold Rush History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, the Bay Area may not be what it is today without its salt. Harvesting salt from the Bay dates back to Native American groups like the Ohlone, but demand really picked up in the 1850s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As people migrated from the east to the west, mostly around the discovery of gold, there was a need for salt,” says Mapelli. “Everybody traveled with salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without refrigeration, salt was how people preserved food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost worth its weight in gold,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salt-making boomed through the 1970s, when Cargill bought the operation. 44,000 acres of the bay were in production then, but today, it’s just 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the market for salt shifted and so did our view of what San Francisco Bay should be. The salt ponds used to be marshes, which, around the time of the Gold Rush, were seen as wasteland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only three percent ends up as table salt. The rest goes to industry. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was an encouragement by both the state and federal government to put what they considered wasteland or swamp and overflow lands into economic use,” Mapelli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bay has lost more than 80 percent of its marshes. So, in 2003, the federal and state governments bought thousands of acres of ponds from Cargill. In the biggest ecosystem restoration project on the West Coast, the ponds are being reconnected to the Bay and restored to their original status as marshlands to support wildlife and act as buffers against rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Curious questioner Ann Vercoutere, the ponds are one of the few things that haven’t changed from her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was a kid in Mountain View, “there were lots of orchards around,” she says. “Some of our summer jobs were going to work picking Italian prune plums with the migrant workers. Shoreline Amphitheater was the city dump. That was always a fun Saturday to go with our dad and pick through the dump and look for stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the salt ponds border some of the most expensive real estate in the nation, not far from gleaming tech campuses. The chances of starting a large, industrial salt-making operation in the Bay today are effectively zilch, for financial and environmental reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the long, colorful history, Cargill still holds rights to make salt, which really, is the only way salt-harvesting has stuck around amid the intense development pressure of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The answer might be sitting on your kitchen table right now.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928268,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1179},"headData":{"title":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay? | KQED","description":"The answer might be sitting on your kitchen table right now.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","datePublished":"2017-12-14T00:01:37-08:00","dateModified":"2024-01-10T15:11:08-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Bay Curious","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/12/WEBversionSaltPondswithfunder.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1918301/what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","audioDuration":475000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Passengers flying into Bay Area airports usually spot them out the window: huge, colorful ponds, hugging the shoreline of the bay. The patchwork of brown, green and pink looks like a bizarre quilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re known as the “salt ponds,” and Bay Curious listener Ann Vercoutere has wondered about them since her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’d drive by on the old Bayshore Freeway, you’d see these big piles of salt,” she says. “So, my question is: what’s the process of how they go from dirty bay water into salt that comes out white from my salt shaker?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>143 Billion Bowls of Popcorn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those giant piles of salt actually hold of piece of the Bay Area’s history going back to the Gold Rush and reflect the legacy of environmental change since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they also hold a lot of seasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The salt stack is 80 feet tall and about 800 feet wide,” says Maria Alizo-Martell of Cargill, Inc., standing next to the 500,000-ton pile. By rough estimate, it would season 143 billion bowls of popcorn, give or take, depending on how salty you like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piles are at Cargill’s Newark facility, where the final harvest takes place. But it begins in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salty water from the bay is captured in vast ponds, where it starts to evaporate because of heat from the sun and drying by the wind. At first, the ponds are green or brownish in color, like the bay itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918307\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918307 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/SP_V05_171212.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation shows the movement of reddish salt brine through Cargill’s Newark ponds over the course of 2017. \u003ccite>(Images provided by Planet)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the salt water becomes more concentrated, it’s moved into other ponds where the color becomes more yellowish. Finally, in the last stage, the “pickle” brine, as it’s known, starts turning pink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like pink,” says Alizo-Martell with a chuckle, walking across a shallow pond with an inch of pink water. It covers a thick layer of crusty salt and looks like a giant, raspberry snow cone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/12/salt-ponds.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/3526386886_f2139fe9ab_o-e1513209482229.jpg","title":"LISTEN: What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","program":"Bay Curious","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t Call it a “Salt Pond”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“This is what we call a crystallizer bed,” says Cargill’s Pat Mapelli. “This is very engineered, managed and manicured, where everything has been rolled, graded, sloped and compacted. Whereas a salt pond is essentially a diked off area that has been flooded with salt water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrant pink hue comes from a natural source: halobacterium and microscopic algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the water gets saltier, some microbes can’t hack it and they die off. But others are specially adapted to salty conditions and they flourish, changing the color of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt-loving microbes color the water before harvest. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they get stressed as the salinity increases, they produce that red color,” says Alizo-Martell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saltier the water, the redder the microbes get. That color aids in the salt-making process by absorbing sunlight and increasing evaporation. Clear water doesn’t absorb as much light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once several inches of salt form, Cargill begins the harvest, which lasts from September to December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beautiful,” says Alizo-Martell, picking up a handful of the flaky, white cubes. “It’s so weather dependent. You had a bad year, you get not much salt.” A lot of rain slows down the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive salt stack in Newark holds 500,000 tons. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, it takes three years and a thousand gallons of bay water to produce just one pound of salt. From here, it goes to a refinery where it’s cleaned, sized and sold as sea salt, bearing the Morton’s or Diamond Crystal brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 3 percent of the salt ends up on our table. The rest supplies a huge range of industrial processes, from pharmaceuticals to food production, water treatment and road salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gold Rush History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, the Bay Area may not be what it is today without its salt. Harvesting salt from the Bay dates back to Native American groups like the Ohlone, but demand really picked up in the 1850s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As people migrated from the east to the west, mostly around the discovery of gold, there was a need for salt,” says Mapelli. “Everybody traveled with salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without refrigeration, salt was how people preserved food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost worth its weight in gold,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salt-making boomed through the 1970s, when Cargill bought the operation. 44,000 acres of the bay were in production then, but today, it’s just 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the market for salt shifted and so did our view of what San Francisco Bay should be. The salt ponds used to be marshes, which, around the time of the Gold Rush, were seen as wasteland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only three percent ends up as table salt. The rest goes to industry. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was an encouragement by both the state and federal government to put what they considered wasteland or swamp and overflow lands into economic use,” Mapelli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bay has lost more than 80 percent of its marshes. So, in 2003, the federal and state governments bought thousands of acres of ponds from Cargill. In the biggest ecosystem restoration project on the West Coast, the ponds are being reconnected to the Bay and restored to their original status as marshlands to support wildlife and act as buffers against rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Curious questioner Ann Vercoutere, the ponds are one of the few things that haven’t changed from her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was a kid in Mountain View, “there were lots of orchards around,” she says. “Some of our summer jobs were going to work picking Italian prune plums with the migrant workers. Shoreline Amphitheater was the city dump. That was always a fun Saturday to go with our dad and pick through the dump and look for stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the salt ponds border some of the most expensive real estate in the nation, not far from gleaming tech campuses. The chances of starting a large, industrial salt-making operation in the Bay today are effectively zilch, for financial and environmental reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the long, colorful history, Cargill still holds rights to make salt, which really, is the only way salt-harvesting has stuck around amid the intense development pressure of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1918301/what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_3370","science_507","science_670","science_208"],"featImg":"science_1918302","label":"source_science_1918301"},"science_1992713":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992713","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992713","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sick-brown-pelicans-are-turning-up-along-the-coast-and-we-dont-know-why","title":"Sick Brown Pelicans Are Turning Up Along the Coast — and We Don't Know Why","publishDate":1715461229,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Sick Brown Pelicans Are Turning Up Along the Coast — and We Don’t Know Why | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Dozens of malnourished and injured brown pelicans are turning up along the Northern California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russ Curtis, a spokesperson for the nonprofit organization International Bird Rescue, said the organization has also recovered sick pelicans in Southern California. Since April 20, the organization has cared for more than 235 pelicans at its wildlife rescue centers in Fairfield in the Bay Area and San Pedro in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re in really poor physical shape. They’re starving, and they haven’t gotten enough nutrition,” Curtis said in an interview with KQED. Some of the injuries are from fishing lines and hooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When there’s not the fishing stock that they can find, they take chances around fishing piers and fishing boats and places where there are people with fishing tackle,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992738 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caeley Carnahan (left) and Esther Timberlake examine a California Brown Pelican and feed it vitamins in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sick birds have been spotted off Alameda Point in the Bay Area, which is a roosting ground for brown pelicans. But many were found where people usually don’t find these stocky, large seabirds. On city streets and parking lots, for example. One bird in Santa Cruz attempted to walk into a bar, Curtis said. The majority of pelicans at the Fairfield center came from the Monterey and Santa Cruz areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear why the birds are having trouble finding food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still a mystery,” Curtis said. “We haven’t had any conclusive proof of what’s really going out in the wild right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992742\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992742 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Russ Curtis at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> reported there was a similar spike in malnourished brown pelicans along California’s coast in 2022, with no clear cause. International Bird Rescue reported other spikes in starving brown pelicans in 2010 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During these prior incidents, International Bird Rescue cared for pelicans for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to release them back out to an area where there is not proper fish stock for them to feed on,” Curtis said. “They would just rebound and probably come back into care at some point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992728\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992728 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescued California Brown Pelicans in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While they wait for more information, Curtis said wildlife rescue centers like theirs — which rely on public donations — are feeling a financial squeeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point, we’re going through about 500 pounds of fish a day just at this center, and that’s about $1,000 a day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis said the public can help by keeping an eye out for unwell brown pelicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992740\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992740 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julie Skoglund (center) and Caeley Carnahan examine a California Brown Pelican in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As you enjoy the warm weather and you’re at the beach or along the coast, if you see a pelican that’s out of place or might have a fishing line injury, if you see something, say something,” Curtis said. “Let your local animal control know that there’s a bird in distress, and let’s get it into care as soon as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you see an injured or unwell pelican, you can reach International Bird Rescue’s Bird HelpLine at 866-SOS-BIRD or get help by calling your local animal control.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"International Bird Rescue has recovered dozens of emaciated brown pelicans already. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715627250,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":630},"headData":{"title":"Sick Brown Pelicans Are Turning Up Along the Coast — and We Don't Know Why | KQED","description":"International Bird Rescue has recovered dozens of emaciated brown pelicans already. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sick Brown Pelicans Are Turning Up Along the Coast — and We Don't Know Why","datePublished":"2024-05-11T14:00:29-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-13T12:07:30-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/afinney\">Annelise Finney\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"kqed-1992713","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992713/sick-brown-pelicans-are-turning-up-along-the-coast-and-we-dont-know-why","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dozens of malnourished and injured brown pelicans are turning up along the Northern California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russ Curtis, a spokesperson for the nonprofit organization International Bird Rescue, said the organization has also recovered sick pelicans in Southern California. Since April 20, the organization has cared for more than 235 pelicans at its wildlife rescue centers in Fairfield in the Bay Area and San Pedro in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re in really poor physical shape. They’re starving, and they haven’t gotten enough nutrition,” Curtis said in an interview with KQED. Some of the injuries are from fishing lines and hooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When there’s not the fishing stock that they can find, they take chances around fishing piers and fishing boats and places where there are people with fishing tackle,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992738 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caeley Carnahan (left) and Esther Timberlake examine a California Brown Pelican and feed it vitamins in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sick birds have been spotted off Alameda Point in the Bay Area, which is a roosting ground for brown pelicans. But many were found where people usually don’t find these stocky, large seabirds. On city streets and parking lots, for example. One bird in Santa Cruz attempted to walk into a bar, Curtis said. The majority of pelicans at the Fairfield center came from the Monterey and Santa Cruz areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear why the birds are having trouble finding food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still a mystery,” Curtis said. “We haven’t had any conclusive proof of what’s really going out in the wild right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992742\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992742 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Russ Curtis at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> reported there was a similar spike in malnourished brown pelicans along California’s coast in 2022, with no clear cause. International Bird Rescue reported other spikes in starving brown pelicans in 2010 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During these prior incidents, International Bird Rescue cared for pelicans for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to release them back out to an area where there is not proper fish stock for them to feed on,” Curtis said. “They would just rebound and probably come back into care at some point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992728\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992728 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescued California Brown Pelicans in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While they wait for more information, Curtis said wildlife rescue centers like theirs — which rely on public donations — are feeling a financial squeeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point, we’re going through about 500 pounds of fish a day just at this center, and that’s about $1,000 a day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis said the public can help by keeping an eye out for unwell brown pelicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992740\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992740 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julie Skoglund (center) and Caeley Carnahan examine a California Brown Pelican in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As you enjoy the warm weather and you’re at the beach or along the coast, if you see a pelican that’s out of place or might have a fishing line injury, if you see something, say something,” Curtis said. “Let your local animal control know that there’s a bird in distress, and let’s get it into care as soon as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you see an injured or unwell pelican, you can reach International Bird Rescue’s Bird HelpLine at 866-SOS-BIRD or get help by calling your local animal control.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992713/sick-brown-pelicans-are-turning-up-along-the-coast-and-we-dont-know-why","authors":["byline_science_1992713"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_163","science_4417","science_4414","science_309","science_804"],"featImg":"science_1992725","label":"science"},"science_1941506":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1941506","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1941506","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"these-face-mites-really-grow-on-you","title":"These Face Mites Really Grow on You","publishDate":1558443627,"format":"video","headTitle":"These Face Mites Really Grow on You | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]I hate to break this to you, but you almost certainly have tiny mites living in the pores in your face right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re called Demodex. And pretty much every adult human alive has a population of these mites living on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also called eyelash mites, they’re too small to see with the naked eye. They’re mostly transparent, and at about .3 millimeters long, it would take about five face adult mites laid end to end to stretch across the head of a pin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like kind of like stubby little worms,” said Michelle Trautwein, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein studies our relationship with these microscopic stowaways by looking at their DNA. Her findings so far show that people in different parts of the world have different face mites living in the skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell a story of your own ancestry and also a story of more ancient human history and migration,” said Trautwein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_MichelleTrautwein_microscope.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1941539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_MichelleTrautwein_microscope.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Trautwein of the California Academy of Sciences studies face mites using microscopes and genetic testing. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We use a little spoon and scrape it across the kind of greasier parts of someone’s face — which isn’t as bad as it sounds,” said Trautwein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once she has collected the samples, she takes them back to the lab to look at the genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein has found DNA evidence of face mites on every one of more than 2,000 people she has tested, including tourists from all around the world who make their way to the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one is thrilled at the initial notion that they have arachnids on their face,” Trautwein said. “But people are often curious — even in their revulsion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how could these creatures live on so many people and still go unnoticed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941533 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face mites make their home in the follicles found at the root of the peach fuzz that covers most human skin. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Look closely and you’ll see that in addition to the more obvious body and head hair, human skin is covered in a thin, barely visible layer of peach fuzz called vellus hairs. There are a few notable exceptions, such as the palms of our hands and soles of our feet, but other than that our entire bodies are covered in that fuzz. The shaft of each one of those tiny hairs grows out of its own follicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Face mites spend their days face-down inside your hair follicles nestled up against the hair shaft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They eat sebum, that greasy oil your skin makes to protect itself and keep it from drying out. The sebum is produced in sebaceous glands, which empty into the hair follicles, coating both the hair shaft and face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the greasiest parts of your body — like around the eyes, nose and mouth — likely harbor a higher concentration of mites than other areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They live about two weeks. They spend most of their time tucked inside our pores. But while we’re sleeping, they crawl out onto the surface of our skin to mate before crawling back into our pores to lay their eggs. Fun!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since they live inside your pores, you can’t scrub them off by washing. It’s basically impossible to get rid of all of your face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does Trautwein study them? With glue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_SlideCollection_LindsayPalaima.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1941540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_SlideCollection_LindsayPalaima.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lindsay Palaima bravely volunteers to have a slide covered in glue stuck to her forehead in order to capture face mites growing in her pores. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I actually put glue on a glass microscope slide and stick it onto a person’s forehead,” she said. “Then I slowly peel it off. I look under a microscope for mites that are stuck in the follicles that stick up from the thin layer of skin that got peeled off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be pretty addictive and exciting,” she added. “It’s sort of a meditative process of looking through this microforest of follicles and hairs, and looking for just the right potential movement or shape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941538\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_InFollicle.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941538 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_InFollicle.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demodex face mite seen writhing around in the root of a human hair follicle, observed under a microscope. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These Demodex face mites got their name from the Greek words for “fat” and “boring worm,” but they’re not really worms at all. They’re actually arachnids — related to ticks — and more distantly to spiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people have face mites on them and never notice. It seems that our immune system is able to keep their numbers in check. But some people can experience problems with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you tell patients that they have face mites, first of all, they freak out,” said Dr. Kanade Shinkai, a dermatologist at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinkai occasionally treats patients who have an overload of face mites, which results in a condition called demodicosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a very particular look to people suffering from demodicosis. We call it the Demodex frost,” she said. “It’s sort of a white sheen on the skin. And if you look really closely, you can see coming out of every pore. If you scrape those pores, you can see it frothing with little Demodex face mites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a pretty rare condition and it’s often connected to a change in someone’s immune system, such as receiving immunosuppressive drugs after transplant surgery, chemotherapy or immunodeficiency diseases like HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demodicosis can also be triggered by local suppression of the immune system, like when itch-relieving hydrocortisone cream is used on the face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it does happen, demodicosis usually comes on fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patients almost universally describe this explosive development of pustules like whiteheads on their face. It’s really dramatic,” Shinkai said. “And what’s really dramatic about it is that they’re often fine the day before, and then they develop it, overnight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the vast majority of people, face mites are nothing to worry about. While some studies have found loose connections between Demodex and diseases like rosacea, the evidence hasn’t shown a strong link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really confusing is that if you go into your office and scrape everyone’s face, you would find Demodex probably on everybody,” Shinkai said. “And people who have low burden of Demodex may have no or very severe disease and vice versa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein also sees face mites as more of a source of interest than fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not dangerous in a broad sense because we all have them and most of us seem to be cohabiting quite well with them,” Trautwein said. “We mostly share them within family units and it seems like you are probably initially colonized soon after birth, most likely by your mother, traditionally speaking in human history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at these mites, researchers like Trautwein can usually tell something about your geographical ancestry — what part of the world your ancestors came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941715 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1020x496.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1020x496.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-160x78.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-800x389.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-768x374.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1200x584.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers.jpg 1285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Trautwein has found that several genetically distinct groups of Demodex face mites (represented by different colors on this map) exist in different geographic areas. \u003ccite>(Michelle Trautwein/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Face mites are definitely the species of animal that we have the closest connection with as humans, even though most of us don’t know about them or ever see one in our lifetime,” she said. “We still have this very ancient and intimate relationship, and it seems clear that we’ve had these face mite species with us for all of our history. So they are as old as our species, as old as homo sapiens.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Yep, you probably have Demodex mites living on your face. These tiny arachnids feast on sebum, the greasy oil in your pores. But should you be worried about your eight-legged guests? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848665,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1341},"headData":{"title":"These Face Mites Really Grow on You | KQED","description":"Yep, you probably have Demodex mites living on your face. These tiny arachnids feast on sebum, the greasy oil in your pores. But should you be worried about your eight-legged guests? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"These Face Mites Really Grow on You","datePublished":"2019-05-21T06:00:27-07:00","dateModified":"2024-01-09T17:04:25-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/YW2eGaUzq7E","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1941506/these-face-mites-really-grow-on-you","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I hate to break this to you, but you almost certainly have tiny mites living in the pores in your face right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re called Demodex. And pretty much every adult human alive has a population of these mites living on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also called eyelash mites, they’re too small to see with the naked eye. They’re mostly transparent, and at about .3 millimeters long, it would take about five face adult mites laid end to end to stretch across the head of a pin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like kind of like stubby little worms,” said Michelle Trautwein, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein studies our relationship with these microscopic stowaways by looking at their DNA. Her findings so far show that people in different parts of the world have different face mites living in the skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell a story of your own ancestry and also a story of more ancient human history and migration,” said Trautwein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_MichelleTrautwein_microscope.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1941539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_MichelleTrautwein_microscope.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Trautwein of the California Academy of Sciences studies face mites using microscopes and genetic testing. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We use a little spoon and scrape it across the kind of greasier parts of someone’s face — which isn’t as bad as it sounds,” said Trautwein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once she has collected the samples, she takes them back to the lab to look at the genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein has found DNA evidence of face mites on every one of more than 2,000 people she has tested, including tourists from all around the world who make their way to the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one is thrilled at the initial notion that they have arachnids on their face,” Trautwein said. “But people are often curious — even in their revulsion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how could these creatures live on so many people and still go unnoticed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941533 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face mites make their home in the follicles found at the root of the peach fuzz that covers most human skin. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Look closely and you’ll see that in addition to the more obvious body and head hair, human skin is covered in a thin, barely visible layer of peach fuzz called vellus hairs. There are a few notable exceptions, such as the palms of our hands and soles of our feet, but other than that our entire bodies are covered in that fuzz. The shaft of each one of those tiny hairs grows out of its own follicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Face mites spend their days face-down inside your hair follicles nestled up against the hair shaft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They eat sebum, that greasy oil your skin makes to protect itself and keep it from drying out. The sebum is produced in sebaceous glands, which empty into the hair follicles, coating both the hair shaft and face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the greasiest parts of your body — like around the eyes, nose and mouth — likely harbor a higher concentration of mites than other areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They live about two weeks. They spend most of their time tucked inside our pores. But while we’re sleeping, they crawl out onto the surface of our skin to mate before crawling back into our pores to lay their eggs. Fun!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since they live inside your pores, you can’t scrub them off by washing. It’s basically impossible to get rid of all of your face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does Trautwein study them? With glue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_SlideCollection_LindsayPalaima.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1941540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_SlideCollection_LindsayPalaima.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lindsay Palaima bravely volunteers to have a slide covered in glue stuck to her forehead in order to capture face mites growing in her pores. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I actually put glue on a glass microscope slide and stick it onto a person’s forehead,” she said. “Then I slowly peel it off. I look under a microscope for mites that are stuck in the follicles that stick up from the thin layer of skin that got peeled off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be pretty addictive and exciting,” she added. “It’s sort of a meditative process of looking through this microforest of follicles and hairs, and looking for just the right potential movement or shape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941538\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_InFollicle.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941538 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_InFollicle.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demodex face mite seen writhing around in the root of a human hair follicle, observed under a microscope. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These Demodex face mites got their name from the Greek words for “fat” and “boring worm,” but they’re not really worms at all. They’re actually arachnids — related to ticks — and more distantly to spiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people have face mites on them and never notice. It seems that our immune system is able to keep their numbers in check. But some people can experience problems with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you tell patients that they have face mites, first of all, they freak out,” said Dr. Kanade Shinkai, a dermatologist at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinkai occasionally treats patients who have an overload of face mites, which results in a condition called demodicosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a very particular look to people suffering from demodicosis. We call it the Demodex frost,” she said. “It’s sort of a white sheen on the skin. And if you look really closely, you can see coming out of every pore. If you scrape those pores, you can see it frothing with little Demodex face mites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a pretty rare condition and it’s often connected to a change in someone’s immune system, such as receiving immunosuppressive drugs after transplant surgery, chemotherapy or immunodeficiency diseases like HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demodicosis can also be triggered by local suppression of the immune system, like when itch-relieving hydrocortisone cream is used on the face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it does happen, demodicosis usually comes on fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patients almost universally describe this explosive development of pustules like whiteheads on their face. It’s really dramatic,” Shinkai said. “And what’s really dramatic about it is that they’re often fine the day before, and then they develop it, overnight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the vast majority of people, face mites are nothing to worry about. While some studies have found loose connections between Demodex and diseases like rosacea, the evidence hasn’t shown a strong link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really confusing is that if you go into your office and scrape everyone’s face, you would find Demodex probably on everybody,” Shinkai said. “And people who have low burden of Demodex may have no or very severe disease and vice versa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein also sees face mites as more of a source of interest than fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not dangerous in a broad sense because we all have them and most of us seem to be cohabiting quite well with them,” Trautwein said. “We mostly share them within family units and it seems like you are probably initially colonized soon after birth, most likely by your mother, traditionally speaking in human history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at these mites, researchers like Trautwein can usually tell something about your geographical ancestry — what part of the world your ancestors came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941715 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1020x496.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1020x496.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-160x78.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-800x389.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-768x374.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1200x584.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers.jpg 1285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Trautwein has found that several genetically distinct groups of Demodex face mites (represented by different colors on this map) exist in different geographic areas. \u003ccite>(Michelle Trautwein/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Face mites are definitely the species of animal that we have the closest connection with as humans, even though most of us don’t know about them or ever see one in our lifetime,” she said. “We still have this very ancient and intimate relationship, and it seems clear that we’ve had these face mite species with us for all of our history. So they are as old as our species, as old as homo sapiens.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1941506/these-face-mites-really-grow-on-you","authors":["6219"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_3890","science_86"],"tags":["science_3370"],"featImg":"science_1942008","label":"science_1935"},"science_1940697":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1940697","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1940697","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ever-wake-up-frozen-in-the-middle-of-the-night-with-a-shadowy-figure-in-the-room-thats-sleep-paralysis","title":"Ever Wake Up Frozen in the Middle of the Night, With a Shadowy Figure in the Room?","publishDate":1556541014,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Ever Wake Up Frozen in the Middle of the Night, With a Shadowy Figure in the Room? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: The following story was produced by Richmond High School students for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2018/04/18/youth-takeover-of-kqed-news-starts-april-23/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Youth Takeover\u003c/span>\u003c/a> week at KQED.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine you’re asleep and you suddenly open your eyes. You try to reposition yourself, but something’s wrong. Your body won’t move, and it’s as if something is holding you down. You hear scratching in the corner of the room, then see a pitch-black figure. You think it’s just your mind playing tricks, until the figure starts moving, slowly. It’s getting closer. You shut your eyes, but you can hear it shuffling toward you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what sleep paralysis is like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sleep paralysis usually occurs when you’re, well, asleep, says Allen Jenkins, a psychology teacher at Richmond High School.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Your brain is telling you to go to sleep and to not move, because when you walk around in your sleep, that’s not good,” he said. “But some people have a problem with that not turning off. So when they wake up, they still can’t move.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People undergoing sleep paralysis might also feel pressure on their chest, a sense of dread and difficulty taking a breath. Some people also report experiencing hallucinations, like a shadowy figure in the darkness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if a person experiences stimulation that doesn’t come from their environment, it can still happen within their brain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Everything you experience is perception. Your processing in your brain can be overactive,” Jenkins said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“You can think of it like dreaming when you’re wide awake. It seems real to you, but it just doesn’t happen to be occurring.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Leslie Saechao, a student at Richmond High School, has experienced sleep paralysis. “I felt like I saw something in the dark. It was like a figure,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940747\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 756px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1940747 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"756\" height=\"933\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis.jpeg 1512w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-160x197.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-800x987.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-768x948.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-1020x1259.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-972x1200.jpeg 972w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nayeli Pena, Yvette Villicana and Evelyn Mendoza, Richmond High School students.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Saechao recalls lying in bed awake past midnight, feeling “paralyzed,” and seeing a blurry figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident has made her “paranoid” about sleeping, so she covers her face at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sleep next to the wall so I won’t see anything,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep paralysis can occur as you fall asleep or as you wake up. It goes away by itself after a few seconds or a few minutes. People who experience this are usually in their teens, 20s and 30s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers believe sleep paralysis happens when someone’s sleep cycle is disrupted, and especially when they’re in a dream state. This occurs in the rapid eye movement or REM stage of sleep, and can be caused by anxiety and stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yvette Villicaña first experienced sleep paralysis when she was in middle school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not as overwhelming for me as other people, because I don’t see shadowy figures,” she said. “I try to move, but sometimes I can’t. And after some time, it does go away. I used to think I was the only \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one who experienced this.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> After working on this story for KQED’s “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2018/04/18/youth-takeover-of-kqed-news-starts-april-23/\">Youth Takeover\u003c/a>,” Villicaña says it’s good to know she’s not alone, but it’s tough to realize other people have more traumatic experiences because of their hallucinations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep paralysis is harmless by itself but can lead to insomnia or narcolepsy, a more serious condition that causes uncontrollable sleepiness during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can try to stop sleep paralysis by avoiding naps and not sleeping on your back, because it makes you feel vulnerable. Consult a mental health professional for stress or anxiety. And if it doesn’t go away, seek help from a sleep specialist. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"You wake up in the middle of the night and see a pitch-black figure. It must be your mind playing tricks. But then the figure starts moving toward you, and you feel frozen. What's going on, here? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848716,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":653},"headData":{"title":"Ever Wake Up Frozen in the Middle of the Night, With a Shadowy Figure in the Room? | KQED","description":"You wake up in the middle of the night and see a pitch-black figure. It must be your mind playing tricks. But then the figure starts moving toward you, and you feel frozen. What's going on, here? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Ever Wake Up Frozen in the Middle of the Night, With a Shadowy Figure in the Room?","datePublished":"2019-04-29T05:30:14-07:00","dateModified":"2024-01-09T17:05:16-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"KQED Youth Takeover","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/04/YTOSleepParalysis.mp3","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Nayeli Peña, Evelyn Mendoza and Yvette Villicaña\u003cbr>Richmond High School\u003c/strong>","audioTrackLength":286,"path":"/science/1940697/ever-wake-up-frozen-in-the-middle-of-the-night-with-a-shadowy-figure-in-the-room-thats-sleep-paralysis","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: The following story was produced by Richmond High School students for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2018/04/18/youth-takeover-of-kqed-news-starts-april-23/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Youth Takeover\u003c/span>\u003c/a> week at KQED.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine you’re asleep and you suddenly open your eyes. You try to reposition yourself, but something’s wrong. Your body won’t move, and it’s as if something is holding you down. You hear scratching in the corner of the room, then see a pitch-black figure. You think it’s just your mind playing tricks, until the figure starts moving, slowly. It’s getting closer. You shut your eyes, but you can hear it shuffling toward you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what sleep paralysis is like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sleep paralysis usually occurs when you’re, well, asleep, says Allen Jenkins, a psychology teacher at Richmond High School.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Your brain is telling you to go to sleep and to not move, because when you walk around in your sleep, that’s not good,” he said. “But some people have a problem with that not turning off. So when they wake up, they still can’t move.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People undergoing sleep paralysis might also feel pressure on their chest, a sense of dread and difficulty taking a breath. Some people also report experiencing hallucinations, like a shadowy figure in the darkness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if a person experiences stimulation that doesn’t come from their environment, it can still happen within their brain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Everything you experience is perception. Your processing in your brain can be overactive,” Jenkins said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“You can think of it like dreaming when you’re wide awake. It seems real to you, but it just doesn’t happen to be occurring.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Leslie Saechao, a student at Richmond High School, has experienced sleep paralysis. “I felt like I saw something in the dark. It was like a figure,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940747\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 756px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1940747 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"756\" height=\"933\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis.jpeg 1512w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-160x197.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-800x987.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-768x948.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-1020x1259.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/sleep-paralysis-972x1200.jpeg 972w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nayeli Pena, Yvette Villicana and Evelyn Mendoza, Richmond High School students.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Saechao recalls lying in bed awake past midnight, feeling “paralyzed,” and seeing a blurry figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident has made her “paranoid” about sleeping, so she covers her face at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sleep next to the wall so I won’t see anything,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep paralysis can occur as you fall asleep or as you wake up. It goes away by itself after a few seconds or a few minutes. People who experience this are usually in their teens, 20s and 30s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers believe sleep paralysis happens when someone’s sleep cycle is disrupted, and especially when they’re in a dream state. This occurs in the rapid eye movement or REM stage of sleep, and can be caused by anxiety and stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yvette Villicaña first experienced sleep paralysis when she was in middle school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not as overwhelming for me as other people, because I don’t see shadowy figures,” she said. “I try to move, but sometimes I can’t. And after some time, it does go away. I used to think I was the only \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one who experienced this.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> After working on this story for KQED’s “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2018/04/18/youth-takeover-of-kqed-news-starts-april-23/\">Youth Takeover\u003c/a>,” Villicaña says it’s good to know she’s not alone, but it’s tough to realize other people have more traumatic experiences because of their hallucinations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep paralysis is harmless by itself but can lead to insomnia or narcolepsy, a more serious condition that causes uncontrollable sleepiness during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can try to stop sleep paralysis by avoiding naps and not sleeping on your back, because it makes you feel vulnerable. Consult a mental health professional for stress or anxiety. And if it doesn’t go away, seek help from a sleep specialist. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1940697/ever-wake-up-frozen-in-the-middle-of-the-night-with-a-shadowy-figure-in-the-room-thats-sleep-paralysis","authors":["byline_science_1940697"],"categories":["science_3890","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3833","science_3834"],"featImg":"science_1940725","label":"source_science_1940697"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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