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Reporter's Notes: Baby Brain Development

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By Deirdre Kennedy.

It is well known that strokes can happen in the elderly. But what many people don't know is that babies suffer strokes. So an entire month, May, has been dedicated to childhood stroke awareness. Infants often don't show the same symptoms as adults and because babies can't tell us when they're having problems moving or thinking. There is just a lot less known about infant strokes.

A stroke happens when the blood supply is cut off from a part of the brain or a blood vessel bursts and causes a build up of pressure in the brain. Doctors can tell that a child has had at stroke as an infant by taking an MRI of the brain. Researchers at UCSF Children's Hospital are working to develop early treatments for babies who suffer from stroke before it causes long-term brain problems. Donna Ferreiro, Chief of Child Neurology at UCSF and one of the nation's leading experts on neurological complications in babies, says a baby with a stroke can look completely normal.

"Often those strokes get missed in the nursery because these are babies who generally look well, they're cherubic, they weigh the right amount, they feed ok...It's not until they're older and then all of a sudden the parents notice that they're only reaching with one hand, and not both hands like they should, or that when they try to stand up and walk they topple to one side".

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A stroke can continue to cause brain problems over time. It may cause seizures, which researchers believe, can damage the brain further. Like strokes, seizures are also hard to notice with the naked eye. Babies don't have big shaking movements like adults. They may have a subtle eye or head movement, some lip smacking or bicycling movement of the legs, says Ferreiro. By monitoring the brain waves of babies who have had birth problems or are born premature, doctors can intervene with drugs and other therapies. Both strokes and seizures can also happen in utero but there are no established treatments for newborn or fetal strokes yet.

UCSF is heading up an international consortium to test new drugs for babies. One involves using a growth factor called erythropoietin that promotes the formation of new blood cells. Ferreiro says it has been shown in the lab to make new neurons grow. You can find out much more about current treatments being used on newborns with brain defects, by listening to our Quest radio report, Baby Brain Development.

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