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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Celestina Castillo filled out the ethnicity forms at her children’s school, she’d always check \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/latino\">Latino\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/native-american\">Native American\u003c/a>. After all, the family is proud of both its heritages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of a loophole in the state’s data collection system, checking Latino or Hispanic meant that her children’s Native American identity was not counted at all, and they would not receive the extra services they’re entitled to. When Castillo learned of this, she stopped checking the Latino box altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the arcane way California counts its 5.8 million students, students who say they are Hispanic and Native American get counted as solely Hispanic. Native American students who also identify as another race, such as Black, white or Asian, are counted as “two or more races,” not Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem affects all multiracial students, but it’s especially pronounced among Native Americans because the majority are multiracial. It’s resulted in an undercount of Native American students by as much as 90%, advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone is Black, or Asian, or white, they’re counted that way,” said Castillo, a director of a college learning center who lives in Los Angeles. “Why does it not count if someone is Native American? That’s not OK. It feels like erasure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More services, fewer stereotypes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last year, California schools said they had 24,822 Native American students, but the actual number may be as high as 156,000, according to an Assembly report on a new measure, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202520260ab1581\">Assembly Bill 1581\u003c/a>, that seeks to fix the problem. If those students were identified, they’d be entitled to cultural services and other programs that could help them succeed in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A more accurate count could also change the public perception of Native Americans generally, according to Assemblymember James Ramos, the San Bernardino Democrat who authored the bill. Instead of being thought of as rare or even extinct, the public could see that Native Americans are everywhere, Ramos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll start to see the true picture of Native Americans in California,” said Ramos, a member of the Serrano/Cahuilla tribe. “Native American students should be able to stand up in the classroom and say who they are and be proud of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Changes in the U.S. Census\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a long history of the government marginalizing Native Americans in California, particularly in schools. In the late 19th and 20th centuries, not long after \u003ca href=\"https://nahc.ca.gov/native-americans/california-indian-history/\">90% of California’s Native American population was murdered or killed by disease\u003c/a>, the federal government forced thousands of Native American children in California into \u003ca href=\"https://docs.house.gov/meetings/II/II24/20220512/114732/HHRG-117-II24-20220512-SD054.pdf?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR0Rk4M_Oha8vdrx8seDjhPKAEDkJN1t4sIXtVHBvjqQz3uc3CFsKdO3aRE_aem_QNCcqOg4MiwccxyrqjJlfQ\">boarding schools\u003c/a>, where they were forced to speak English and abandon their cultures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things started to change in 1970 when the U.S. Census Bureau started improving the way it counted Native Americans. Now, Native Americans can write in their tribal affiliation or list themselves as multiracial, and still be counted as Native American. Although Native Americans are \u003ca href=\"https://census.ca.gov/resource/tribal_gov/\">still undercounted\u003c/a> more than any other ethnic group, the census changes resulted in a tenfold increase in the official number of Native Americans in the U.S. In 1960, Native Americans only made up .3% of the population. In 2020, they were almost 3%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12084724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12084724 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/05/092223-Native-American-Day-MG-CM-17.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/05/092223-Native-American-Day-MG-CM-17.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/05/092223-Native-American-Day-MG-CM-17-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/05/092223-Native-American-Day-MG-CM-17-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indigenous studies materials at a booth for California State University during the California Native American Day celebration at the state Capitol in Sacramento on Sept. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The improved census data also revealed that California has more Native Americans than any other state. More than 760,000 people in California identify as Native American, with most living in urban areas like Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramos’ bill would allow Native American students to write in the name of their tribe on school forms and identify as Native American plus another race, if applicable. The hope is to give a more comprehensive, more nuanced view of California’s Native American student population, allowing them to get extra services regardless of their biracial identity. So far, the bill has no opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re in the modern world, too’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Shannon Rivers, who works on education issues for the Los Angeles-based California Native Vote Project, said an accurate count of Native Americans is essential to dispel stereotypes and bring public awareness to issues affecting Native American communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the eyes of many Americans, there’s still this image of Native American people from the past, from the 1800s,” said Rivers, who is a member of the Akimel Oʼodham tribe in Arizona. “That history is important, but we’re in the modern world, too. We’re doctors, lawyers, scientists, artists, educators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040725\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup side image of a man wearing glasses and a suit.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblymember James Ramos, a Democrat from Rancho Cucamonga, speaks during an assembly floor meeting at the state Capitol in Sacramento, on April 18, 2022. \u003ccite>(Rahul Lal/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He’s hopeful that Ramos’ bill will improve conditions generally for Native American students in California schools. With more accurate student counts, schools could get more \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/formula-grants/formula-grants-special-populations/indian-education-formula-grants-formula\">federal and state funding\u003c/a> to provide extra services, such as tutoring, to Native American children. More schools could host events and curriculum centered on Native American history and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Ramos was growing up in San Bernardino, he remembers staring at the ethnicity form at school and not knowing what bubble to fill. His mother was Native American, but she was labeled “white” on her birth certificate. His father, also Native American, was labeled “Hispanic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Were we white or Latino? I didn’t know. We had to accept whatever the school told us we were,” Ramos said. “I’d go home and ask, ‘Are we Caucasian?’ That started a whole other conversation. It was confusing.”[aside postID=news_12083595 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/02122026_LBR3_3SISGDN-86-KQED.jpg']Castillo, a descendant of the Tohono O’odham tribe in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, said that as a child, she thought everyone was Native American. But when she started school, she realized that very few people identified as she did, and worse, it was stigmatized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, she saw her own children singled out as oddities. One day, her son, who had long hair, was dressed for a Native American dance, and another child pointed and said, “Look, Mom, it’s an Indian!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My son felt like a dinosaur or a unicorn, like we didn’t exist,” Castillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By leaving the ethnicity question blank on school forms, Castillo knew it meant her children would not receive extra services they’re entitled to, either at the charter school they attend or through Los Angeles Unified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That angered me,” Castillo said. “I’m hoping that this bill will help make Native students visible to local and state education policy makers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2026/05/native-american-students-california-2/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Native American students who also identify as another race, such as Black, white or Asian, are counted as “two or more races,” not Native American.",
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"title": "‘Feels Like Erasure’: Why Native American Students May Be Undercounted by 90% in California Schools | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Celestina Castillo filled out the ethnicity forms at her children’s school, she’d always check \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/latino\">Latino\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/native-american\">Native American\u003c/a>. After all, the family is proud of both its heritages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of a loophole in the state’s data collection system, checking Latino or Hispanic meant that her children’s Native American identity was not counted at all, and they would not receive the extra services they’re entitled to. When Castillo learned of this, she stopped checking the Latino box altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the arcane way California counts its 5.8 million students, students who say they are Hispanic and Native American get counted as solely Hispanic. Native American students who also identify as another race, such as Black, white or Asian, are counted as “two or more races,” not Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem affects all multiracial students, but it’s especially pronounced among Native Americans because the majority are multiracial. It’s resulted in an undercount of Native American students by as much as 90%, advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone is Black, or Asian, or white, they’re counted that way,” said Castillo, a director of a college learning center who lives in Los Angeles. “Why does it not count if someone is Native American? That’s not OK. It feels like erasure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More services, fewer stereotypes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last year, California schools said they had 24,822 Native American students, but the actual number may be as high as 156,000, according to an Assembly report on a new measure, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202520260ab1581\">Assembly Bill 1581\u003c/a>, that seeks to fix the problem. If those students were identified, they’d be entitled to cultural services and other programs that could help them succeed in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A more accurate count could also change the public perception of Native Americans generally, according to Assemblymember James Ramos, the San Bernardino Democrat who authored the bill. Instead of being thought of as rare or even extinct, the public could see that Native Americans are everywhere, Ramos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll start to see the true picture of Native Americans in California,” said Ramos, a member of the Serrano/Cahuilla tribe. “Native American students should be able to stand up in the classroom and say who they are and be proud of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Changes in the U.S. Census\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a long history of the government marginalizing Native Americans in California, particularly in schools. In the late 19th and 20th centuries, not long after \u003ca href=\"https://nahc.ca.gov/native-americans/california-indian-history/\">90% of California’s Native American population was murdered or killed by disease\u003c/a>, the federal government forced thousands of Native American children in California into \u003ca href=\"https://docs.house.gov/meetings/II/II24/20220512/114732/HHRG-117-II24-20220512-SD054.pdf?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR0Rk4M_Oha8vdrx8seDjhPKAEDkJN1t4sIXtVHBvjqQz3uc3CFsKdO3aRE_aem_QNCcqOg4MiwccxyrqjJlfQ\">boarding schools\u003c/a>, where they were forced to speak English and abandon their cultures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things started to change in 1970 when the U.S. Census Bureau started improving the way it counted Native Americans. Now, Native Americans can write in their tribal affiliation or list themselves as multiracial, and still be counted as Native American. Although Native Americans are \u003ca href=\"https://census.ca.gov/resource/tribal_gov/\">still undercounted\u003c/a> more than any other ethnic group, the census changes resulted in a tenfold increase in the official number of Native Americans in the U.S. In 1960, Native Americans only made up .3% of the population. In 2020, they were almost 3%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12084724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12084724 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/05/092223-Native-American-Day-MG-CM-17.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/05/092223-Native-American-Day-MG-CM-17.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/05/092223-Native-American-Day-MG-CM-17-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/05/092223-Native-American-Day-MG-CM-17-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indigenous studies materials at a booth for California State University during the California Native American Day celebration at the state Capitol in Sacramento on Sept. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The improved census data also revealed that California has more Native Americans than any other state. More than 760,000 people in California identify as Native American, with most living in urban areas like Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramos’ bill would allow Native American students to write in the name of their tribe on school forms and identify as Native American plus another race, if applicable. The hope is to give a more comprehensive, more nuanced view of California’s Native American student population, allowing them to get extra services regardless of their biracial identity. So far, the bill has no opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re in the modern world, too’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Shannon Rivers, who works on education issues for the Los Angeles-based California Native Vote Project, said an accurate count of Native Americans is essential to dispel stereotypes and bring public awareness to issues affecting Native American communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the eyes of many Americans, there’s still this image of Native American people from the past, from the 1800s,” said Rivers, who is a member of the Akimel Oʼodham tribe in Arizona. “That history is important, but we’re in the modern world, too. We’re doctors, lawyers, scientists, artists, educators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040725\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup side image of a man wearing glasses and a suit.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/041822-James-Ramos-RL-CM-01-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblymember James Ramos, a Democrat from Rancho Cucamonga, speaks during an assembly floor meeting at the state Capitol in Sacramento, on April 18, 2022. \u003ccite>(Rahul Lal/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He’s hopeful that Ramos’ bill will improve conditions generally for Native American students in California schools. With more accurate student counts, schools could get more \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/formula-grants/formula-grants-special-populations/indian-education-formula-grants-formula\">federal and state funding\u003c/a> to provide extra services, such as tutoring, to Native American children. More schools could host events and curriculum centered on Native American history and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Ramos was growing up in San Bernardino, he remembers staring at the ethnicity form at school and not knowing what bubble to fill. His mother was Native American, but she was labeled “white” on her birth certificate. His father, also Native American, was labeled “Hispanic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Were we white or Latino? I didn’t know. We had to accept whatever the school told us we were,” Ramos said. “I’d go home and ask, ‘Are we Caucasian?’ That started a whole other conversation. It was confusing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Castillo, a descendant of the Tohono O’odham tribe in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, said that as a child, she thought everyone was Native American. But when she started school, she realized that very few people identified as she did, and worse, it was stigmatized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, she saw her own children singled out as oddities. One day, her son, who had long hair, was dressed for a Native American dance, and another child pointed and said, “Look, Mom, it’s an Indian!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My son felt like a dinosaur or a unicorn, like we didn’t exist,” Castillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By leaving the ethnicity question blank on school forms, Castillo knew it meant her children would not receive extra services they’re entitled to, either at the charter school they attend or through Los Angeles Unified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That angered me,” Castillo said. “I’m hoping that this bill will help make Native students visible to local and state education policy makers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2026/05/native-american-students-california-2/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of The California Report Magazine’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/resilience\">series about resilient Californians\u003c/a>, and what lessons they may have for the rest of us.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland-based\u003c/a> comedian \u003ca href=\"https://jackiecomedy.com/index.html\">Jackie Keliiaa\u003c/a> has built a career turning identity and grief into humor that heals as much as it provokes. Raised in Hayward, Keliiaa draws inspiration — and material for her stand-up routines — from her Native American, Native Hawaiian, Portuguese and Italian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has been featured in the book ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/We-Had-a-Little-Real-Estate-Problem/Kliph-Nesteroff/9781982103033\">We Had a Little Real Estate Problem: The Unheralded Story of Native American Comedy\u003c/a>’, appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1AYIBGAgU4\">Team Coco\u003c/a>, voiced the character Bubble in Netflix’s Native animated series \u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/81098500\">Spirit Rangers\u003c/a> and co-created the all-Native comedy tour \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otDl3urzaNU\">Good Medicine\u003c/a>. The tour’s next show is Oct. 18 in \u003ca href=\"https://jackiecomedy.com/good-medicine.html\">San Francisco\u003c/a> at the Strand Theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keliiaa joined The California Report Magazine host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sasha-khokha\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a> for a conversation on indigeneity, loss and the transformative power of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview, listen to the audio linked at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On fitting into a box\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Everyone was confused [about my ethnic background]. A lot of people, especially when I was younger, thought I was Asian. When I got into middle school, a lot of people thought I was Latina because a lot of my friends were Mexican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I always felt like I fit in, but it was usually because I fit into whatever box people thought I was, as opposed to me really feeling like all of my pieces were acknowledged and understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K78A_d1QwPA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My family came over from Portugal, and they landed in Hayward, and they started an orchard. A lot of people don’t know this, but [some] Azorean-Portuguese — from the Azores islands — came to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, I would do a lot of Portuguese traditions. I was a part of the Holy Ghost Festival, but then I would show up to the event and they wouldn’t assume that I was Portuguese — that question mark, I’ve always seen it on people’s faces. So those jokes are important to me because people have always tried to put me into a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think when I was younger, I just remember being like, “God, I wish I was just one thing.” Now I’ve come to understand that my background is a superpower and it’s also something that I’m very proud of. I love being Portuguese. I love being Native. And now, I don’t feel like I have to choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what her Native ancestors passed down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandparents are from Nevada, and they met at Stewart Indian Boarding School. Washoe and Paiute were the two main tribes that were at Stewart. I knew that it wasn’t great — the administration was trying to change who they were as Native people.[aside postID=news_12051769 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-SHANICEROBINSONRESILIENCE_00065_TV-KQED.jpg']But my grandfather would say, “We had a roof over our head and we had three squares a day. For a kid growing up in Nevada during the Depression, that was more than anyone could ask for.” He talked about Stewart as this place that helped him survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also, we didn’t get into the other things. As a kid, I knew, I’m not gonna ask beyond what they’re willing to tell me because\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11883520/examining-the-painful-legacy-of-native-american-boarding-schools-in-the-u-s\"> there was a darkness to it\u003c/a>. In boarding school, they’re tough on people, and that was passed on to us, too. So it has reverberated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/education/535528/the-lasting-impact-of-native-american-residential-schools\">through all the generations.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crazy thing people don’t understand about the boarding schools is that all the food was cooked by the kids, all the laundry was done by the kids, all the mowing, all the like yard work done by kids. It was this whole sort of environment that was built on the labor of young native children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a complicated relationship, and I do honor that my grandparents were very proud to have gone to Stewart. And then I also understand there were many things that I was not informed of.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On being Native and finding humor\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Native people — we’re just inherently hilarious. Teasing is a way that we show our love and affection. It’s part of our culture, part of our community. It’s very much part of [our] DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though all these dark things may have happened, there’s a lot of levity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ak_ebn1uMn0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to Cal, did Native American studies and minored in city and regional planning. Then I went on to get my master’s in urban planning from Columbia. I always thought I’m gonna go work for the government because that’s what my family does. I didn’t even think of comedy as a life you can make a living off of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of my core memories that sort of helped me get to where I am in comedy is in 2005, when I was a student at UC Berkeley. It was Native American Heritage Month, and the graduate student program hosted a comedy night — \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFSoWpYjkzc\">Charlie Hill\u003c/a> was the headliner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill is the godfather of Native comedy. He was the first-ever Native comic to get a late-night set on \u003cem>The Richard Pryor Show\u003c/em>. I got a chance to see him live. And it was so cool, it opened me up in a way that I was like, “I wanna do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joke [I wrote] about skiing in Tahoe and desecrating the sacred lands was a hard one because it really bums people out. But simultaneously, I think it needs to be said, because I’m the only person who can say this and have you think in a different perspective about, “I guess all land here is Native land, and there was a community here that this was important to, and now it’s my playground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, as a comic, I do want people to think differently when they leave the show, and also know that there are modern Native people out here in this world. I feel every day I’m trying to combat this Hollywood spaghetti Western view of what Indian Country is.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On grief and getting on stage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When my mom passed, I was just kind of feeling like a husk. [That’s when] comedy found me. The worst possible thing that could happen to me happened, and all the fear of going up and bombing just went away. And then I went to my first ever open mic and I did okay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was 26 [that year, and] I had my first ever gig at the Native American Health Center [in San Francisco]. I performed for a crowd of like 250. I was only like a few months into stand-up, but to have the support from the Native community right from the jump was amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12055719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12055719\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comedian and emcee Jackie Keliiaa speaks during the 3rd annual Indigenous Peoples Day Commemoration at Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco on Oct. 11, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>On her tour, \u003cem>‘Good Medicine”\u003c/em>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes I’ll be performing and I’ll just be drawn to one person in the audience. I’ll find myself kind of returning to them. And then after the show, they’ll come up to me and share some personal story about a loss, or they’ll be like, “This is the first time I’ve laughed in a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that that’s part of what I’m doing, and especially in this cold, hard world that is getting harder and scarier by the minute. It is so important to have comedy in our lives.[aside postID=news_12051236 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250626-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg']To be sitting with your loved ones and knocking your head back because you’re laughing so hard, that is a gift and not everybody gets that. I do understand that sometimes my role out there is to make people laugh, but also to give someone a moment, a break from it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a two-way street because when I’m on stage, I am processing the world around me … I have learned how to give power back in moments that I may have not had it. It is the way that I can retell a story with perspective, agency, and power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a woman, as a person of color, as someone who’s experiencing this world from a Native perspective as well, and a city person, all these different intersections of my identity, there are so many times that the world wants to tell me no. And I use the stage to go, “Watch, I’m gonna do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On critiquing the term resilience\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I have to share a quote from one of my favorite authors, \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/563403/there-there-by-tommy-orange/\">Tommy Orange\u003c/a>: “And don’t make the mistake of calling us resilient. To not have been destroyed, to not have given up, to have survived is no badge of honor. Would you call an attempted murder victim resilient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t like resilient being used as a frame to discuss Native experience. I understand that resilience as a feature has been [there] throughout my entire life. So many of the losses or the failures have catapulted me into success. It’s so important to use those moments that didn’t work out the way you wanted to, to find something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of comics have found comedy in really dark times. Comedy finds people, and they take these really gnarly moments in their lives and turn them into something that gives back not only to themselves but to the community around them. That in itself is an exercise in resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of The California Report Magazine’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/resilience\">series about resilient Californians\u003c/a>, and what lessons they may have for the rest of us.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland-based\u003c/a> comedian \u003ca href=\"https://jackiecomedy.com/index.html\">Jackie Keliiaa\u003c/a> has built a career turning identity and grief into humor that heals as much as it provokes. Raised in Hayward, Keliiaa draws inspiration — and material for her stand-up routines — from her Native American, Native Hawaiian, Portuguese and Italian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has been featured in the book ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/We-Had-a-Little-Real-Estate-Problem/Kliph-Nesteroff/9781982103033\">We Had a Little Real Estate Problem: The Unheralded Story of Native American Comedy\u003c/a>’, appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1AYIBGAgU4\">Team Coco\u003c/a>, voiced the character Bubble in Netflix’s Native animated series \u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/81098500\">Spirit Rangers\u003c/a> and co-created the all-Native comedy tour \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otDl3urzaNU\">Good Medicine\u003c/a>. The tour’s next show is Oct. 18 in \u003ca href=\"https://jackiecomedy.com/good-medicine.html\">San Francisco\u003c/a> at the Strand Theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keliiaa joined The California Report Magazine host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sasha-khokha\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a> for a conversation on indigeneity, loss and the transformative power of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview, listen to the audio linked at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On fitting into a box\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Everyone was confused [about my ethnic background]. A lot of people, especially when I was younger, thought I was Asian. When I got into middle school, a lot of people thought I was Latina because a lot of my friends were Mexican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I always felt like I fit in, but it was usually because I fit into whatever box people thought I was, as opposed to me really feeling like all of my pieces were acknowledged and understood.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/K78A_d1QwPA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/K78A_d1QwPA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>My family came over from Portugal, and they landed in Hayward, and they started an orchard. A lot of people don’t know this, but [some] Azorean-Portuguese — from the Azores islands — came to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, I would do a lot of Portuguese traditions. I was a part of the Holy Ghost Festival, but then I would show up to the event and they wouldn’t assume that I was Portuguese — that question mark, I’ve always seen it on people’s faces. So those jokes are important to me because people have always tried to put me into a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think when I was younger, I just remember being like, “God, I wish I was just one thing.” Now I’ve come to understand that my background is a superpower and it’s also something that I’m very proud of. I love being Portuguese. I love being Native. And now, I don’t feel like I have to choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what her Native ancestors passed down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandparents are from Nevada, and they met at Stewart Indian Boarding School. Washoe and Paiute were the two main tribes that were at Stewart. I knew that it wasn’t great — the administration was trying to change who they were as Native people.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But my grandfather would say, “We had a roof over our head and we had three squares a day. For a kid growing up in Nevada during the Depression, that was more than anyone could ask for.” He talked about Stewart as this place that helped him survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also, we didn’t get into the other things. As a kid, I knew, I’m not gonna ask beyond what they’re willing to tell me because\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11883520/examining-the-painful-legacy-of-native-american-boarding-schools-in-the-u-s\"> there was a darkness to it\u003c/a>. In boarding school, they’re tough on people, and that was passed on to us, too. So it has reverberated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/education/535528/the-lasting-impact-of-native-american-residential-schools\">through all the generations.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crazy thing people don’t understand about the boarding schools is that all the food was cooked by the kids, all the laundry was done by the kids, all the mowing, all the like yard work done by kids. It was this whole sort of environment that was built on the labor of young native children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a complicated relationship, and I do honor that my grandparents were very proud to have gone to Stewart. And then I also understand there were many things that I was not informed of.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On being Native and finding humor\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Native people — we’re just inherently hilarious. Teasing is a way that we show our love and affection. It’s part of our culture, part of our community. It’s very much part of [our] DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though all these dark things may have happened, there’s a lot of levity.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ak_ebn1uMn0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ak_ebn1uMn0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>I went to Cal, did Native American studies and minored in city and regional planning. Then I went on to get my master’s in urban planning from Columbia. I always thought I’m gonna go work for the government because that’s what my family does. I didn’t even think of comedy as a life you can make a living off of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of my core memories that sort of helped me get to where I am in comedy is in 2005, when I was a student at UC Berkeley. It was Native American Heritage Month, and the graduate student program hosted a comedy night — \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFSoWpYjkzc\">Charlie Hill\u003c/a> was the headliner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill is the godfather of Native comedy. He was the first-ever Native comic to get a late-night set on \u003cem>The Richard Pryor Show\u003c/em>. I got a chance to see him live. And it was so cool, it opened me up in a way that I was like, “I wanna do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joke [I wrote] about skiing in Tahoe and desecrating the sacred lands was a hard one because it really bums people out. But simultaneously, I think it needs to be said, because I’m the only person who can say this and have you think in a different perspective about, “I guess all land here is Native land, and there was a community here that this was important to, and now it’s my playground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, as a comic, I do want people to think differently when they leave the show, and also know that there are modern Native people out here in this world. I feel every day I’m trying to combat this Hollywood spaghetti Western view of what Indian Country is.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On grief and getting on stage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When my mom passed, I was just kind of feeling like a husk. [That’s when] comedy found me. The worst possible thing that could happen to me happened, and all the fear of going up and bombing just went away. And then I went to my first ever open mic and I did okay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was 26 [that year, and] I had my first ever gig at the Native American Health Center [in San Francisco]. I performed for a crowd of like 250. I was only like a few months into stand-up, but to have the support from the Native community right from the jump was amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12055719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12055719\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/002_SanFrancisco_IndigenousPeoplesDay_10112021_qed-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comedian and emcee Jackie Keliiaa speaks during the 3rd annual Indigenous Peoples Day Commemoration at Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco on Oct. 11, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>On her tour, \u003cem>‘Good Medicine”\u003c/em>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes I’ll be performing and I’ll just be drawn to one person in the audience. I’ll find myself kind of returning to them. And then after the show, they’ll come up to me and share some personal story about a loss, or they’ll be like, “This is the first time I’ve laughed in a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that that’s part of what I’m doing, and especially in this cold, hard world that is getting harder and scarier by the minute. It is so important to have comedy in our lives.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>To be sitting with your loved ones and knocking your head back because you’re laughing so hard, that is a gift and not everybody gets that. I do understand that sometimes my role out there is to make people laugh, but also to give someone a moment, a break from it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a two-way street because when I’m on stage, I am processing the world around me … I have learned how to give power back in moments that I may have not had it. It is the way that I can retell a story with perspective, agency, and power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a woman, as a person of color, as someone who’s experiencing this world from a Native perspective as well, and a city person, all these different intersections of my identity, there are so many times that the world wants to tell me no. And I use the stage to go, “Watch, I’m gonna do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On critiquing the term resilience\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I have to share a quote from one of my favorite authors, \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/563403/there-there-by-tommy-orange/\">Tommy Orange\u003c/a>: “And don’t make the mistake of calling us resilient. To not have been destroyed, to not have given up, to have survived is no badge of honor. Would you call an attempted murder victim resilient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t like resilient being used as a frame to discuss Native experience. I understand that resilience as a feature has been [there] throughout my entire life. So many of the losses or the failures have catapulted me into success. It’s so important to use those moments that didn’t work out the way you wanted to, to find something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of comics have found comedy in really dark times. Comedy finds people, and they take these really gnarly moments in their lives and turn them into something that gives back not only to themselves but to the community around them. That in itself is an exercise in resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp id=\"p_summary\">As bright-colored kayaks push through a thick wall of fog, voices and the beats of drums build as kayakers approach a crowd that has formed on the beach. Applause erupts as the boats land on the sandy spit that partially separates the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12046844/klamath-river-bounces-back-following-dam-removal\">Klamath River\u003c/a> from the Pacific Ocean in northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"P_body\" class=\"story-block\">\n\u003cp>Native American teenagers from tribes across the river basin push themselves up and out of the kayaks and begin to cross the sand, some breaking into a sprint. They kick playfully at the cold waves of the ocean they’ve been paddling toward over the last month — the ocean that’s seen fewer and fewer salmon return to it over the last century as four hydropower dams blocked their ideal spawning grounds upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our ancestors would be proud because this is what they’ve been fighting for,” said Tasia Linwood, a 15-year-old member of the Karuk Tribe, on Thursday night, ahead of the group’s final push to the end on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Klamath River is newly navigable after a decades-long effort to remove its four hydropower dams to help restore the salmon run — an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11622280/fish-blood-in-their-veins-but-few-salmon-in-their-river\">ancient source of life, food and culture\u003c/a> for these paddlers’ tribes who have lived alongside the river for millennia. Youth primarily from the Yurok, Klamath, Hoopa Valley, Karuk, Quartz Valley and Warm Springs tribes paddled 310 miles (499 kilometers) over a month from the headwaters of the Wood River, a tributary to the Klamath that some tribes consider sacred, to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teens spent several years learning to navigate white water through Paddle Tribal Waters, a program set up by the nonprofit Rios to Rivers, to prepare local Native youth for the day this would be possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During their last days on the water, the group of several dozen swelled to more than 100, joined by some family members and Indigenous people from Bolivia, Chile and New Zealand who face similar challenges on their home rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dams built decades ago for electricity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting in the early 1900s, power company PacifiCorp built \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/klamath-dam-california-removal-restoration-473a570024584c2e02837434e05693da\">the dams\u003c/a> over several decades to generate electricity. But the structures, which provided 2% of the utility’s power, halted the natural flow of a waterway that was once known as the third-largest salmon-producing river on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the dams in place, tribes lost access to a reliable source of food. The dams blocked the path to hundreds of miles of cool freshwater streams, ideal for salmon returning from the ocean to lay their eggs. Salmon numbers declined dramatically along with the water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12048241\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12048241\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086091044.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1336\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086091044.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086091044-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086091044-1536x1026.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kayakers pause before paddling the last couple of miles of the Klamath River to reach the Pacific Ocean on Friday, July 11, 2025, in Klamath, California. \u003ccite>(Brittany Peterson/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2002, a bacterial outbreak caused by low water and warm temperatures killed more than 34,000 fish, mostly Chinook salmon. That galvanized decades of advocacy by tribes and environmental groups, culminating in 2022 when federal regulators \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-california-native-americans-dams-salmon-311ea96fda0fe1b0052ab8cef9ae36a9\">approved a plan\u003c/a> to remove the dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through protests, testimony and lawsuits, the tribes showcased the environmental devastation caused by the dams, especially to salmon. From 2023 to 2024, the four dams were dynamited and removed, freeing hundreds of miles of the Klamath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renewable electricity lost by removing the hydropower dams was enough to power the equivalent of 70,000 homes, although PacifiCorp has since expanded its renewable sources through wind and solar projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two dams used for irrigation and flood control remain on the upper stretch of the river. They have “ladders” that allow some fish to pass through, although their efficacy for adult salmon is questionable. On the journey, the paddlers got out of the river and carried their kayaks around the dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For teens, a month of paddling and making memories\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The journey began June 12 with ceremonial blessings and kayaks gathered in a circle above a natural pool of springs where fresh water bubbles to the surface at the headwater of the Wood River, just upstream of the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youth camped in tents as they made their way across Upper Klamath Lake and down the Klamath River, jumping in the water or doing flips in their kayaks to cool down in the summer heat. A few kayakers came down with swimmers’ ear, but overall, everybody on the trip remained healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12048242\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12048242\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086147030.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086147030.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086147030-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086147030-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A kayaker begins the final day of paddling the Klamath River to reach the Pacific Ocean on Friday, July 11, 2025, in Klamath, California. \u003ccite>(Brittany Peterson/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nearly everyone had a story to share of a family’s fishing cabin or a favorite swimming hole while passing through ancestral territory of the Klamath, Modoc, Shasta, Karuk and Yurok.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 2,200 dams were removed from rivers in the United States from 1912 through 2024, most in the last couple of decades as momentum grows to restore the natural flow of rivers and the wildlife they support, according to the conservation group American Rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that it was kind of symbolic of a bigger issue,” said John Acuna, member of the Hoopa Valley Tribe and a leader on the trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"mceTemp\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Removal of dams represents end of long fight with federal government\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The federal government signed treaties with these tribes outlining their right to govern themselves, which is violated when they can’t rely on their traditional food from the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acuna said these violations are familiar to many tribal communities, and included when his great-grandmother was sent to boarding school as part of a national strategy to strip culture and language from Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12048245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12048245\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086067646.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086067646.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086067646-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086067646-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Native youth with ties to the Klamath River arrive at its mouth where it empties into the Pacific Ocean on Friday, July 11, 2025, in Klamath, California. \u003ccite>(Brittany Peterson/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That history “comes with generational trauma,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their treaty-enshrined right to fish was also blatantly disregarded by regional authorities in the 1970s but later upheld by \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/california_waterfix/exhibits/docs/PCFFA&IGFR/part2/pcffa_94.pdf\">various court decisions\u003c/a>, said Yurok council member Phillip Williams.[aside postID=news_12046844 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/GettyImages-2168371101-2000x1332.jpg']Standing on a fog-shrouded boat ramp in the town of Requa awaiting the arrival of the youth, Williams recounted the time when it was illegal to fish here using the tribes’ traditional nets. As a child, his elders were arrested and even killed for daring to defy authorities and fish in broad daylight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty years later, with the hydropower dams now gone, large numbers of salmon are beginning to return and youth are paddling the length of the Klamath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there’s a heaviness that I feel it’s because there’s a lot of people that lived all in these places, all these little houses here that are no longer here no more,” said Williams. “They don’t get to see what’s happening today. And that’s a heavy, heavy, feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as a teen, Linwood says she feels both the pleasure of a month-long river trip with her friends and the weight of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of feel guilty, like I haven’t done enough to be fighting,” she said. “I gotta remember that’s what our ancestors fought for. They fought for that — so that we could feel this joy with the river.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp id=\"p_summary\">As bright-colored kayaks push through a thick wall of fog, voices and the beats of drums build as kayakers approach a crowd that has formed on the beach. Applause erupts as the boats land on the sandy spit that partially separates the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12046844/klamath-river-bounces-back-following-dam-removal\">Klamath River\u003c/a> from the Pacific Ocean in northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"P_body\" class=\"story-block\">\n\u003cp>Native American teenagers from tribes across the river basin push themselves up and out of the kayaks and begin to cross the sand, some breaking into a sprint. They kick playfully at the cold waves of the ocean they’ve been paddling toward over the last month — the ocean that’s seen fewer and fewer salmon return to it over the last century as four hydropower dams blocked their ideal spawning grounds upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our ancestors would be proud because this is what they’ve been fighting for,” said Tasia Linwood, a 15-year-old member of the Karuk Tribe, on Thursday night, ahead of the group’s final push to the end on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Klamath River is newly navigable after a decades-long effort to remove its four hydropower dams to help restore the salmon run — an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11622280/fish-blood-in-their-veins-but-few-salmon-in-their-river\">ancient source of life, food and culture\u003c/a> for these paddlers’ tribes who have lived alongside the river for millennia. Youth primarily from the Yurok, Klamath, Hoopa Valley, Karuk, Quartz Valley and Warm Springs tribes paddled 310 miles (499 kilometers) over a month from the headwaters of the Wood River, a tributary to the Klamath that some tribes consider sacred, to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teens spent several years learning to navigate white water through Paddle Tribal Waters, a program set up by the nonprofit Rios to Rivers, to prepare local Native youth for the day this would be possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During their last days on the water, the group of several dozen swelled to more than 100, joined by some family members and Indigenous people from Bolivia, Chile and New Zealand who face similar challenges on their home rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dams built decades ago for electricity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting in the early 1900s, power company PacifiCorp built \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/klamath-dam-california-removal-restoration-473a570024584c2e02837434e05693da\">the dams\u003c/a> over several decades to generate electricity. But the structures, which provided 2% of the utility’s power, halted the natural flow of a waterway that was once known as the third-largest salmon-producing river on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the dams in place, tribes lost access to a reliable source of food. The dams blocked the path to hundreds of miles of cool freshwater streams, ideal for salmon returning from the ocean to lay their eggs. Salmon numbers declined dramatically along with the water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12048241\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12048241\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086091044.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1336\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086091044.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086091044-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086091044-1536x1026.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kayakers pause before paddling the last couple of miles of the Klamath River to reach the Pacific Ocean on Friday, July 11, 2025, in Klamath, California. \u003ccite>(Brittany Peterson/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2002, a bacterial outbreak caused by low water and warm temperatures killed more than 34,000 fish, mostly Chinook salmon. That galvanized decades of advocacy by tribes and environmental groups, culminating in 2022 when federal regulators \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-california-native-americans-dams-salmon-311ea96fda0fe1b0052ab8cef9ae36a9\">approved a plan\u003c/a> to remove the dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through protests, testimony and lawsuits, the tribes showcased the environmental devastation caused by the dams, especially to salmon. From 2023 to 2024, the four dams were dynamited and removed, freeing hundreds of miles of the Klamath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renewable electricity lost by removing the hydropower dams was enough to power the equivalent of 70,000 homes, although PacifiCorp has since expanded its renewable sources through wind and solar projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two dams used for irrigation and flood control remain on the upper stretch of the river. They have “ladders” that allow some fish to pass through, although their efficacy for adult salmon is questionable. On the journey, the paddlers got out of the river and carried their kayaks around the dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For teens, a month of paddling and making memories\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The journey began June 12 with ceremonial blessings and kayaks gathered in a circle above a natural pool of springs where fresh water bubbles to the surface at the headwater of the Wood River, just upstream of the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youth camped in tents as they made their way across Upper Klamath Lake and down the Klamath River, jumping in the water or doing flips in their kayaks to cool down in the summer heat. A few kayakers came down with swimmers’ ear, but overall, everybody on the trip remained healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12048242\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12048242\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086147030.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086147030.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086147030-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086147030-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A kayaker begins the final day of paddling the Klamath River to reach the Pacific Ocean on Friday, July 11, 2025, in Klamath, California. \u003ccite>(Brittany Peterson/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nearly everyone had a story to share of a family’s fishing cabin or a favorite swimming hole while passing through ancestral territory of the Klamath, Modoc, Shasta, Karuk and Yurok.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 2,200 dams were removed from rivers in the United States from 1912 through 2024, most in the last couple of decades as momentum grows to restore the natural flow of rivers and the wildlife they support, according to the conservation group American Rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that it was kind of symbolic of a bigger issue,” said John Acuna, member of the Hoopa Valley Tribe and a leader on the trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"mceTemp\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Removal of dams represents end of long fight with federal government\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The federal government signed treaties with these tribes outlining their right to govern themselves, which is violated when they can’t rely on their traditional food from the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acuna said these violations are familiar to many tribal communities, and included when his great-grandmother was sent to boarding school as part of a national strategy to strip culture and language from Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12048245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12048245\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086067646.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086067646.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086067646-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/AP25196086067646-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Native youth with ties to the Klamath River arrive at its mouth where it empties into the Pacific Ocean on Friday, July 11, 2025, in Klamath, California. \u003ccite>(Brittany Peterson/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That history “comes with generational trauma,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their treaty-enshrined right to fish was also blatantly disregarded by regional authorities in the 1970s but later upheld by \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/california_waterfix/exhibits/docs/PCFFA&IGFR/part2/pcffa_94.pdf\">various court decisions\u003c/a>, said Yurok council member Phillip Williams.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Standing on a fog-shrouded boat ramp in the town of Requa awaiting the arrival of the youth, Williams recounted the time when it was illegal to fish here using the tribes’ traditional nets. As a child, his elders were arrested and even killed for daring to defy authorities and fish in broad daylight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty years later, with the hydropower dams now gone, large numbers of salmon are beginning to return and youth are paddling the length of the Klamath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there’s a heaviness that I feel it’s because there’s a lot of people that lived all in these places, all these little houses here that are no longer here no more,” said Williams. “They don’t get to see what’s happening today. And that’s a heavy, heavy, feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as a teen, Linwood says she feels both the pleasure of a month-long river trip with her friends and the weight of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of feel guilty, like I haven’t done enough to be fighting,” she said. “I gotta remember that’s what our ancestors fought for. They fought for that — so that we could feel this joy with the river.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every Monday, Norma McAdams comes to the K’ima:w Medical Center on the Hoopa Valley Reservation in northeastern \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/humboldt-county\">Humboldt County\u003c/a> and leaves with a box of fresh produce. Lately, she’s been experimenting with new recipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love yellow squash and zucchini with a little onion and make pasta out of the zucchini to cut back on the carbs,” said McAdams, a Hoopa Valley tribal member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAdams, 74, used to grow her own fruit and vegetables in a small backyard garden, but an osteoporosis diagnosis and a back injury have made gardening difficult in recent years. As she gets older, she said, eating healthy, locally grown food is more important than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your immune system is susceptible to whatever you’re eating — is what you’re becoming — so it’s really important,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAdams is one of 180 Hoopa Valley seniors who receives local produce, eggs and beef purchased through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Local Food Purchase Assistance program, known as LFPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046534\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046534\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_00.DSC_7504-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_00.DSC_7504-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_00.DSC_7504-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_00.DSC_7504-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ken and Norma McAdams eat free lunch at the Senior Nutrition Center in Hoopa, California. Norma is on the board of the Klamath Trinity Resource Conservation District and benefits from the LFDA Program. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The program launched in late 2021 under former President Joe Biden. It has since provided $88.5 million to California food banks and tribal governments — more than any other state — to purchase food from “local and socially disadvantaged” farmers. The program aims to strengthen local food systems weakened by the pandemic, especially in rural areas like the Hoopa Valley, where \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/profile/Hoopa_Valley_Reservation,_CA?g=2500000US1490#income-and-poverty\">nearly 30% of residents\u003c/a> live in poverty, according to U.S. Census data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the Hoopa Valley was classified as a food desert after its only grocery store closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just helps augment our costs for food,” McAdams said. “So it’s very nutritious and helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the Trump administration abruptly terminated the program, leaving tribes and food banks in California scrambling. Even money that had already been promised for reimbursements through 2025 was included in the cuts.[aside postID=news_11956856 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67156_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-04-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']“There were more than 500 farms that we had to notify: ‘Hey, we’re really sorry, we think this program could be frozen or ending,’” said Stacia Levenfeld, the chief executive officer of the California Association of Food Banks. “That’s a hard thing to talk to a farmer about who has food in the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, the USDA backtracked, restoring already allocated funds but still canceling future program funding. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins \u003ca href=\"https://www.foxnews.com/video/6371438880112\">justified the cuts\u003c/a> as “COVID-era funds” that had not been spent yet. The agency did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allie Hostler, a tribal member and the Klamath Trinity Resource Conservation District coordinator, runs LFPA for the tribe. She said the tribe has so far spent $105,000 of the $727,000 they were approved for reimbursement. Any funds not claimed by the end of the year will expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hostler said the tribe sends food purchased through LFPA to the senior center first, reflecting a cultural priority of caring for their elders. The remaining food is then made available to the broader community, both tribal and nontribal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think seniors are prone to living thrifty and pinching pennies. Many are on fixed incomes,” Hostler said. “Having access to food through this program sort of guarantees they’ll have locally produced healthy foods in their refrigerators and on their kitchen tables. Without that, I’m not sure how many will continue to buy healthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046535\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046535\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_03.DSC_7563-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_03.DSC_7563-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_03.DSC_7563-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_03.DSC_7563-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Klamath Trinity Resource Conservation District Coordinator Allie Hostler, left, explains to Patty Clary that the can of salmon Clary is holding is packed in Tacoma, Washington, in partnership with a local Hoopa business. The canned salmon was purchased with money from the LFPA program. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The cancellation doesn’t just hurt Hoopa Valley’s seniors. Hostler said the grant also meant reliable markets for local farmers and ranchers, as well as an opportunity to expand their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For our local farmers, it meant market stability,” she said. “It meant being able to sell every tomato that you grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the pandemic, the Hoopa Valley tribe was acutely aware of the dangers of being too reliant on outside food sources. The reservation spans nearly 90,000 acres of dense forests and mountains, bisected by the Trinity River in Northern California’s Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re geographically isolated from larger highway systems where food comes and goes,” Hostler said, adding that the only place to buy food on the reservation for three years after the grocery store closed was the tribe’s gas station.[aside postID=news_11966087 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-TULUWAT-ISLAND-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg']“One of the more healthier items you could get there is like a Lunchable, for example, or an orange juice,” she said. “But as far as food you can use to prepare a scratch-cooked meal was largely unavailable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, McAdams said many people would drive to the Costco in Eureka, an hour and a half away on winding roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s over a really rough road where you have to stop like five or six times,” McAdams said. “It’s not easy, especially if you’re disabled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limited access to high-quality foods contributes to poor health conditions among Native Americans. Data from the Indian Health Service shows that American Indians and Alaska Natives \u003ca href=\"https://www.ihs.gov/newsroom/factsheets/disparities/\">face higher rates of chronic diseases\u003c/a> like diabetes and die much younger than other populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the reservation has one tribally owned grocery store, but much of the food is still trucked in from Central Valley farms. Hostler said about half of the Trinity River’s water is diverted to those farms, mostly for agricultural purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our water leaves this water system and fish die and the ecosystem suffers, it ships south to make cheap food, and then the food comes back up here in a truck,” Hostler said. “We’re paying for that food twice. We’re paying with our water, with our salmon and with our resources. And then we turn around and we pay money for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046546\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046546 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_22.DSC_7827-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_22.DSC_7827-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_22.DSC_7827-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_22.DSC_7827-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tomatoes grown on land in Hoopa, California, owned by Marcellene Norton and leased to Danny Gaytan, will be purchased for the LFDA program. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The food assistance program encouraged local farmers and ranchers to scale up, knowing they’d have a guaranteed buyer. Hostler said she had hoped the program would bolster the local supply chain enough to eventually supply the grocery store itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved this program because it strengthens our local food system here, where we can grow our food with our resources, with our own people, on our own land and feed our community,” Hostler said. “To me, that is a functioning food system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephanie McKindley is one of those local farmers. Her four-acre farm is lined with rows of peach trees. For more than a decade, she has sold the peaches with her father and daughter at a stand in front of the town’s burger joint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t have a lot of money here, so we just kind of work with what people have, and we basically just give them away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046539 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_11.DSC_7648-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_11.DSC_7648-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_11.DSC_7648-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_11.DSC_7648-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephanie McKindley checks on an Asian pear tree in her small orchard in Hoopa, California. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But starting last year, she was able to sell the peaches to the senior center through the LFPA program instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the first year that we actually got market value,” McKindley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, McKindley and her sister decided to scale up their garden, growing corn, squash, tomatoes, pumpkins, herbs and cherries. She even hopes to dry seaweed for the senior program. Without the LFPA program next year, McKindley worries about the investments they’ve already put into their farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a cost. There’s a lot of labor, seeds,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the program ends in November, Hostler hopes to secure alternative markets, like the local school district, for farmers like McKindley. But seniors like McAdams might lose access to high-quality, healthy foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Rollins in March, a dozen tribal associations \u003ca href=\"https://coalitionfortribalsovereignty.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tribal-Coalition-Letter-to-USDA_032425-FINAL.pdf\">urged the USDA\u003c/a> to reconsider the cuts, reminding Rollins about the United States’ federal treaty obligations to tribes in exchange for taking their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046536 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_04.DSC_7579-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_04.DSC_7579-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_04.DSC_7579-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_04.DSC_7579-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Senior Nutrition Center in Hoopa, California, serves free lunches and distributes food to seniors in the area. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Tribal programs and funding are provided on the basis of our unique political status and are legally required by trust and treaty obligations and the many statutes that implement those obligations,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hostler doesn’t see the termination of LFPA specifically as a violation of the federal government’s legal obligation. But she worries the U.S. won’t honor its promise to provide certain basic services in return for taking their land. Today, the Hoopa Valley tribe occupies an area that is a third of their aboriginal territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t wanna stand at the federal government’s door with our hand out,” Hostler said. “I want to rely on ourselves. I want to rely on our land. I want to see restoration of our lands, of our river, of our fishery. That’s what federal obligations to the Hoopa people looks like to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seniors like McAdams could feel the cuts as early as next year. Without the program, McAdams said she and other elders will have to lean more on the younger generation. She hopes the tribe will be able to encourage their youth to care about food sustainability and teach them to garden, make jams and can fish like their ancestors have done for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit scary, but we’re hopeful,” McAdams said. “We’re really a community that helps take care of each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every Monday, Norma McAdams comes to the K’ima:w Medical Center on the Hoopa Valley Reservation in northeastern \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/humboldt-county\">Humboldt County\u003c/a> and leaves with a box of fresh produce. Lately, she’s been experimenting with new recipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love yellow squash and zucchini with a little onion and make pasta out of the zucchini to cut back on the carbs,” said McAdams, a Hoopa Valley tribal member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAdams, 74, used to grow her own fruit and vegetables in a small backyard garden, but an osteoporosis diagnosis and a back injury have made gardening difficult in recent years. As she gets older, she said, eating healthy, locally grown food is more important than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your immune system is susceptible to whatever you’re eating — is what you’re becoming — so it’s really important,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAdams is one of 180 Hoopa Valley seniors who receives local produce, eggs and beef purchased through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Local Food Purchase Assistance program, known as LFPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046534\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046534\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_00.DSC_7504-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_00.DSC_7504-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_00.DSC_7504-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_00.DSC_7504-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ken and Norma McAdams eat free lunch at the Senior Nutrition Center in Hoopa, California. Norma is on the board of the Klamath Trinity Resource Conservation District and benefits from the LFDA Program. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The program launched in late 2021 under former President Joe Biden. It has since provided $88.5 million to California food banks and tribal governments — more than any other state — to purchase food from “local and socially disadvantaged” farmers. The program aims to strengthen local food systems weakened by the pandemic, especially in rural areas like the Hoopa Valley, where \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/profile/Hoopa_Valley_Reservation,_CA?g=2500000US1490#income-and-poverty\">nearly 30% of residents\u003c/a> live in poverty, according to U.S. Census data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the Hoopa Valley was classified as a food desert after its only grocery store closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just helps augment our costs for food,” McAdams said. “So it’s very nutritious and helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the Trump administration abruptly terminated the program, leaving tribes and food banks in California scrambling. Even money that had already been promised for reimbursements through 2025 was included in the cuts.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There were more than 500 farms that we had to notify: ‘Hey, we’re really sorry, we think this program could be frozen or ending,’” said Stacia Levenfeld, the chief executive officer of the California Association of Food Banks. “That’s a hard thing to talk to a farmer about who has food in the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, the USDA backtracked, restoring already allocated funds but still canceling future program funding. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins \u003ca href=\"https://www.foxnews.com/video/6371438880112\">justified the cuts\u003c/a> as “COVID-era funds” that had not been spent yet. The agency did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allie Hostler, a tribal member and the Klamath Trinity Resource Conservation District coordinator, runs LFPA for the tribe. She said the tribe has so far spent $105,000 of the $727,000 they were approved for reimbursement. Any funds not claimed by the end of the year will expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hostler said the tribe sends food purchased through LFPA to the senior center first, reflecting a cultural priority of caring for their elders. The remaining food is then made available to the broader community, both tribal and nontribal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think seniors are prone to living thrifty and pinching pennies. Many are on fixed incomes,” Hostler said. “Having access to food through this program sort of guarantees they’ll have locally produced healthy foods in their refrigerators and on their kitchen tables. Without that, I’m not sure how many will continue to buy healthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046535\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046535\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_03.DSC_7563-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_03.DSC_7563-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_03.DSC_7563-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_03.DSC_7563-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Klamath Trinity Resource Conservation District Coordinator Allie Hostler, left, explains to Patty Clary that the can of salmon Clary is holding is packed in Tacoma, Washington, in partnership with a local Hoopa business. The canned salmon was purchased with money from the LFPA program. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The cancellation doesn’t just hurt Hoopa Valley’s seniors. Hostler said the grant also meant reliable markets for local farmers and ranchers, as well as an opportunity to expand their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For our local farmers, it meant market stability,” she said. “It meant being able to sell every tomato that you grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the pandemic, the Hoopa Valley tribe was acutely aware of the dangers of being too reliant on outside food sources. The reservation spans nearly 90,000 acres of dense forests and mountains, bisected by the Trinity River in Northern California’s Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re geographically isolated from larger highway systems where food comes and goes,” Hostler said, adding that the only place to buy food on the reservation for three years after the grocery store closed was the tribe’s gas station.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“One of the more healthier items you could get there is like a Lunchable, for example, or an orange juice,” she said. “But as far as food you can use to prepare a scratch-cooked meal was largely unavailable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, McAdams said many people would drive to the Costco in Eureka, an hour and a half away on winding roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s over a really rough road where you have to stop like five or six times,” McAdams said. “It’s not easy, especially if you’re disabled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limited access to high-quality foods contributes to poor health conditions among Native Americans. Data from the Indian Health Service shows that American Indians and Alaska Natives \u003ca href=\"https://www.ihs.gov/newsroom/factsheets/disparities/\">face higher rates of chronic diseases\u003c/a> like diabetes and die much younger than other populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the reservation has one tribally owned grocery store, but much of the food is still trucked in from Central Valley farms. Hostler said about half of the Trinity River’s water is diverted to those farms, mostly for agricultural purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our water leaves this water system and fish die and the ecosystem suffers, it ships south to make cheap food, and then the food comes back up here in a truck,” Hostler said. “We’re paying for that food twice. We’re paying with our water, with our salmon and with our resources. And then we turn around and we pay money for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046546\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046546 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_22.DSC_7827-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_22.DSC_7827-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_22.DSC_7827-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_22.DSC_7827-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tomatoes grown on land in Hoopa, California, owned by Marcellene Norton and leased to Danny Gaytan, will be purchased for the LFDA program. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The food assistance program encouraged local farmers and ranchers to scale up, knowing they’d have a guaranteed buyer. Hostler said she had hoped the program would bolster the local supply chain enough to eventually supply the grocery store itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved this program because it strengthens our local food system here, where we can grow our food with our resources, with our own people, on our own land and feed our community,” Hostler said. “To me, that is a functioning food system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephanie McKindley is one of those local farmers. Her four-acre farm is lined with rows of peach trees. For more than a decade, she has sold the peaches with her father and daughter at a stand in front of the town’s burger joint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t have a lot of money here, so we just kind of work with what people have, and we basically just give them away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046539 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_11.DSC_7648-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_11.DSC_7648-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_11.DSC_7648-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_11.DSC_7648-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephanie McKindley checks on an Asian pear tree in her small orchard in Hoopa, California. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But starting last year, she was able to sell the peaches to the senior center through the LFPA program instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the first year that we actually got market value,” McKindley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, McKindley and her sister decided to scale up their garden, growing corn, squash, tomatoes, pumpkins, herbs and cherries. She even hopes to dry seaweed for the senior program. Without the LFPA program next year, McKindley worries about the investments they’ve already put into their farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a cost. There’s a lot of labor, seeds,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the program ends in November, Hostler hopes to secure alternative markets, like the local school district, for farmers like McKindley. But seniors like McAdams might lose access to high-quality, healthy foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Rollins in March, a dozen tribal associations \u003ca href=\"https://coalitionfortribalsovereignty.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tribal-Coalition-Letter-to-USDA_032425-FINAL.pdf\">urged the USDA\u003c/a> to reconsider the cuts, reminding Rollins about the United States’ federal treaty obligations to tribes in exchange for taking their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046536 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_04.DSC_7579-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_04.DSC_7579-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_04.DSC_7579-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/25_06_25_TRIBE_FOOD_CUTS_MM_04.DSC_7579-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Senior Nutrition Center in Hoopa, California, serves free lunches and distributes food to seniors in the area. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Tribal programs and funding are provided on the basis of our unique political status and are legally required by trust and treaty obligations and the many statutes that implement those obligations,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hostler doesn’t see the termination of LFPA specifically as a violation of the federal government’s legal obligation. But she worries the U.S. won’t honor its promise to provide certain basic services in return for taking their land. Today, the Hoopa Valley tribe occupies an area that is a third of their aboriginal territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t wanna stand at the federal government’s door with our hand out,” Hostler said. “I want to rely on ourselves. I want to rely on our land. I want to see restoration of our lands, of our river, of our fishery. That’s what federal obligations to the Hoopa people looks like to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seniors like McAdams could feel the cuts as early as next year. Without the program, McAdams said she and other elders will have to lean more on the younger generation. She hopes the tribe will be able to encourage their youth to care about food sustainability and teach them to garden, make jams and can fish like their ancestors have done for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit scary, but we’re hopeful,” McAdams said. “We’re really a community that helps take care of each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "bridging-hope-gap-californias-opportunity-reparative-justice",
"title": "Bridging the Hope Gap: California’s Opportunity for Reparative Justice",
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"content": "\u003cp>Reparative movements have a hope problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bliscollective.org/\">BLIS Collective\u003c/a> — a solidarity and action hub that braids narratives and grows movements for reparative and redistributive policy — call the distance between support for a movement and belief in its feasibility the “hope gap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/63e94c8ea475597f7bbc51e7/t/68094609b33fd33efecc6407/1745438229721/Fabric+of+Repair_LONG_2025.pdf\">New research published last week\u003c/a> by BLIS Collective shows that it’s one thing to believe reparative movements — such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">reparations for Black people\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/education/535779/land-back-the-indigenous-fight-to-reclaim-stolen-lands\">Land Back for Indigenous people\u003c/a> — should happen, and another thing altogether to believe that they can happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to be clear, in order for this country to live up to its stated ideals of democracy, both must happen. America was founded on stolen land and labor — on the exploitation of Indigenous and Black bodies. Repair for these dual original sins is the only way for this country to realize its stated values and ensure freedom and liberation for all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 76% of surveyed Black respondents support reparations and 80% of Indigenous respondents support Land Back, only about 20% believe such policies are actually achievable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the first state to establish both a \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/members\">reparations task force\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://tribalaffairs.ca.gov/cthc/\">truth and healing council for Native Californians\u003c/a>, the ground is fertile for helping close this hope gap. In 2020, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed AB 3121, creating the California Reparations Task Force to study and develop proposals for potential reparations for descendants of enslaved people and those impacted by slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12028920 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exhibit What Are Reparations, a bilingual zine and art installation by Katie Quan, at the Edge on the Square gallery in San Francisco’s Chinatown neighborhood on Feb. 19, 2025. The installation explores the ongoing debate about reparations for Black communities in San Francisco, particularly within the context of systemic injustices. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This task force released its final recommendations in 2023, including proposals for financial compensation for housing discrimination, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002804/centerpiece-reparations-bill-derailed-by-newsoms-late-request-heres-why\">the creation of a dedicated state agency\u003c/a> to implement reparations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006819/california-to-issue-apology-for-slavery-as-newsom-signs-reparations-bills\">formal apologies for historical injustices\u003c/a> and educational reforms to accurately teach Black history in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Newsom established the Truth and Healing Council to clarify the historical record of the state’s relationship with California Native Americans and provide recommendations on reparative policies by 2025. This dual-track approach to addressing historical injustices offers California a rare chance to show the nation that repair is not just theoretical — it’s possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the hope gap matters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Support for a movement alone won’t activate people to participate, engage or advocate without also having the belief that meaningful change is possible. Active engagement from supporters is the only way to grow a movement and ensure its success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the hope gap isn’t just about pessimism, it reflects generations of oppression, historic disenfranchisement, broken promises and eroded trust in government institutions. When only 21.5% of Black respondents and 19.1% of Indigenous respondents believe reparative policies are feasible, we face a fundamental challenge that goes beyond building support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We need to rebuild public belief in what’s possible. In a society that continues to breed apathy and despair, addressing the hope gap for a reparative and liberated future is the project of our generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Research insights: The power of braided narratives\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The hope gap findings emerged from our national study, which tested the impact of a “braided narrative” \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@garrisonhayes/video/7412648697215061294?is_from_webapp=1&web_id=7429881490349934122\">video\u003c/a>, which illustrated how the histories and solutions for Black and Indigenous communities are inherently intertwined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strengthening solidarity between communities could be a powerful strategy for narrowing the hope gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/1920_GettyImages-859129098-scaled-e1745610765619.jpg\" alt='A person wearing a T-shirt saying \"You Are on Indian Land\" and wearing two long braids with white ribbons stands amid a crowd.' width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dancers from Anahuacalmecac International University Preparatory of North America prepare to dance on Hollywood Boulevard during an event celebrating Indigenous Peoples Day, Oct. 8, 2017, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles, California. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The survey results demonstrate that we can successfully increase support and solidarity by highlighting the interconnectedness of the reparations and Land Back movements. Solidarity matters for several important reasons: It broadens the base of support for each movement, helps overcome the historical divisions intentionally sown between these communities by the U.S. government and ensures that victories for one community can spark momentum and hope for the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our data show that Black and Indigenous communities are already primed for solidarity, with 68% of Black respondents supporting Land Back and 51% of Indigenous respondents supporting reparations. The braided narrative approach further strengthened cross-movement support, particularly among Democrats in both groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s encouraging that the majority of both groups support one another at baseline, and even more so that a brief exposure to a solidarity narrative can boost cross-movement support. This should serve as evidence for a scaled solidarity narrative rooted in the truth about the nation’s founding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The spillover effect: How movements strengthen each other\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The study also revealed an important narrative spillover effect: When Black viewers watched content about reparations, their support for Land Back increased, even without content related to it. Similarly, Indigenous viewers who watched content about Land Back showed increased support for reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that hearing about progress for one movement can boost support for the other. While these movements have distinct and rich histories, both communities recognize that Land Back and reparations are linked and that justice for both populations is interconnected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11981334\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11981334\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakari Olatunji, Western Regional Party Representative of the African People’s Socialist Party, speaks during a rally for reparations for African people in Oakland on Oct. 16, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another promising approach to addressing the hope gap is to publicly highlight evidence of past and current successes for reparative movements. History shows that local wins, even when they seem small, can create powerful precedents that fuel hope and transform what people believe is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider how marriage equality spread across the United States. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage, a decision that seemed impossibly radical to many at the time. That single, state-level victory created a tangible example that advocates could point to, gradually shifting public opinion and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11911275/supreme-court-ruling-clears-way-for-release-of-footage-from-landmark-trial-that-legalized-same-sex-marriage-in-california\">inspiring other states to follow\u003c/a>, including California.[aside postID=news_12036599 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250409-LIVERMORE-BLACK-LAND-MD-10-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg']What once seemed unattainable became reality nationwide just 11 years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, the municipal reparations program in Evanston, Illinois, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13921493/erika-alexander-reparations-the-big-payback\">provides a powerful contemporary example\u003c/a>. When Evanston approved the first government reparations program for Black residents in 2021, it created a concrete precedent that advocates across the country could reference. This local policy breakthrough has inspired similar efforts in dozens of municipalities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101894622/whats-next-for-san-franciscos-slavery-reparations-plan\">from Providence to San Francisco\u003c/a>, showing how quickly “impossible” can become “inevitable” once the first domino falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Minnesota offers a model for transferring a state park to tribal communities, with the state Legislature voting in 2023 to transfer Upper Sioux Agency State Park to a Dakota tribe as a form of repair for the violent acts preceding and during the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that while this case offers a strong model, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11956856/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin\">California’s Land Back strategy\u003c/a> will require significant intention and tact, given the state’s more than 100 federally recognized tribes and dozens fighting for federal recognition, creating a unique landscape for this work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These historical patterns highlight why publicizing successes is important: Precedent breeds hope, which fuels movements that transform society.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A blueprint for building hope\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is uniquely positioned to leverage both approaches to make a real impact on the hope gap across the nation. The dual processes of the California Reparations Task Force and Truth and Healing Council offer an opportunity for key communicators and leaders to present them as part of the same reparative project — to braid their narratives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our study shows this approach can effectively strengthen solidarity between Black and Indigenous communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12037638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12037638\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators march in support of reparations for African people in Oakland on Oct. 16, 2021, organized by the Uhuru Movement. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Second, there is a significant opportunity to showcase the work of the reparations task force and the ongoing efforts of the Truth and Healing Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the reparations task force is no longer active, former members continue to advocate for the policies outlined in the final report. Greater communication about the successes and processes of each commission can show that repair is not just a theoretical concept, but that active steps have been taken in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California should actively build support while directly addressing skepticism about feasibility through evidence-based storytelling. This means:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Amplifying every concrete win across both commissions, no matter how small\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Connecting current achievements to longer-term goals\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Using a braided narrative approach that highlights how these efforts are fundamentally related and can support each other.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>The communication efforts should center trusted voices from California’s Black and Indigenous communities — and must be persistent. Closing a hope gap of more than 80 percentage points will require sustained effort over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From hope to action: Creating pathways for participation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While government commissions are essential, closing the hope gap requires a broader ecosystem of actors demonstrating progress and providing infrastructure for sustained solidarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California shows that change is possible through commissions, it must simultaneously create meaningful ways for people to participate. When people begin to believe that reparative policies are achievable, they’re more likely to engage — but only if there are clear opportunities to contribute.[aside postID=news_11966087 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-TULUWAT-ISLAND-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg']By creating community engagement mechanisms, supporting local initiatives and establishing educational programs that build public understanding, California can transform growing hope into concrete action. There is also an opportunity to uplift community-led initiatives that are already advancing reparations and Land Back in big and small ways across the state, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11956963/how-black-californians-had-their-land-stolen\">Bruce’s Beach\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://sogoreate-landtrust.org\">Sogorea Te’ Land Trust\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.santamonica.gov/topic-explainers/landback-reparations\">Santa Monica Landback and Reparations Task Force\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014575/palm-springs-oks-5-9-million-in-reparations-for-black-and-latino-families-whose-homes-the-city-burned\">the Section 14 settlement in Palm Springs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a historic opportunity to show that reparative justice is achievable. By building visible wins, fostering cross-movement solidarity and creating pathways for participation, the state can establish a national model that shows how we move from acknowledging historical harms to actually repairing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This work isn’t just about policy — it’s about healing generations of justified skepticism and creating a foundation for true liberation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Camilla Griffiths, Ph.D., is a behavioral scientist and the director of applied narrative research at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bliscollective.org/\">BLIS Collective\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Bridging the Hope Gap: California’s Opportunity for Reparative Justice | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Reparative movements have a hope problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bliscollective.org/\">BLIS Collective\u003c/a> — a solidarity and action hub that braids narratives and grows movements for reparative and redistributive policy — call the distance between support for a movement and belief in its feasibility the “hope gap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/63e94c8ea475597f7bbc51e7/t/68094609b33fd33efecc6407/1745438229721/Fabric+of+Repair_LONG_2025.pdf\">New research published last week\u003c/a> by BLIS Collective shows that it’s one thing to believe reparative movements — such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">reparations for Black people\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/education/535779/land-back-the-indigenous-fight-to-reclaim-stolen-lands\">Land Back for Indigenous people\u003c/a> — should happen, and another thing altogether to believe that they can happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to be clear, in order for this country to live up to its stated ideals of democracy, both must happen. America was founded on stolen land and labor — on the exploitation of Indigenous and Black bodies. Repair for these dual original sins is the only way for this country to realize its stated values and ensure freedom and liberation for all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 76% of surveyed Black respondents support reparations and 80% of Indigenous respondents support Land Back, only about 20% believe such policies are actually achievable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the first state to establish both a \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/members\">reparations task force\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://tribalaffairs.ca.gov/cthc/\">truth and healing council for Native Californians\u003c/a>, the ground is fertile for helping close this hope gap. In 2020, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed AB 3121, creating the California Reparations Task Force to study and develop proposals for potential reparations for descendants of enslaved people and those impacted by slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12028920 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250219-ReparationsGallery-04-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exhibit What Are Reparations, a bilingual zine and art installation by Katie Quan, at the Edge on the Square gallery in San Francisco’s Chinatown neighborhood on Feb. 19, 2025. The installation explores the ongoing debate about reparations for Black communities in San Francisco, particularly within the context of systemic injustices. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This task force released its final recommendations in 2023, including proposals for financial compensation for housing discrimination, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002804/centerpiece-reparations-bill-derailed-by-newsoms-late-request-heres-why\">the creation of a dedicated state agency\u003c/a> to implement reparations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006819/california-to-issue-apology-for-slavery-as-newsom-signs-reparations-bills\">formal apologies for historical injustices\u003c/a> and educational reforms to accurately teach Black history in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Newsom established the Truth and Healing Council to clarify the historical record of the state’s relationship with California Native Americans and provide recommendations on reparative policies by 2025. This dual-track approach to addressing historical injustices offers California a rare chance to show the nation that repair is not just theoretical — it’s possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the hope gap matters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Support for a movement alone won’t activate people to participate, engage or advocate without also having the belief that meaningful change is possible. Active engagement from supporters is the only way to grow a movement and ensure its success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the hope gap isn’t just about pessimism, it reflects generations of oppression, historic disenfranchisement, broken promises and eroded trust in government institutions. When only 21.5% of Black respondents and 19.1% of Indigenous respondents believe reparative policies are feasible, we face a fundamental challenge that goes beyond building support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We need to rebuild public belief in what’s possible. In a society that continues to breed apathy and despair, addressing the hope gap for a reparative and liberated future is the project of our generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Research insights: The power of braided narratives\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The hope gap findings emerged from our national study, which tested the impact of a “braided narrative” \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@garrisonhayes/video/7412648697215061294?is_from_webapp=1&web_id=7429881490349934122\">video\u003c/a>, which illustrated how the histories and solutions for Black and Indigenous communities are inherently intertwined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strengthening solidarity between communities could be a powerful strategy for narrowing the hope gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/1920_GettyImages-859129098-scaled-e1745610765619.jpg\" alt='A person wearing a T-shirt saying \"You Are on Indian Land\" and wearing two long braids with white ribbons stands amid a crowd.' width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dancers from Anahuacalmecac International University Preparatory of North America prepare to dance on Hollywood Boulevard during an event celebrating Indigenous Peoples Day, Oct. 8, 2017, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles, California. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The survey results demonstrate that we can successfully increase support and solidarity by highlighting the interconnectedness of the reparations and Land Back movements. Solidarity matters for several important reasons: It broadens the base of support for each movement, helps overcome the historical divisions intentionally sown between these communities by the U.S. government and ensures that victories for one community can spark momentum and hope for the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our data show that Black and Indigenous communities are already primed for solidarity, with 68% of Black respondents supporting Land Back and 51% of Indigenous respondents supporting reparations. The braided narrative approach further strengthened cross-movement support, particularly among Democrats in both groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s encouraging that the majority of both groups support one another at baseline, and even more so that a brief exposure to a solidarity narrative can boost cross-movement support. This should serve as evidence for a scaled solidarity narrative rooted in the truth about the nation’s founding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The spillover effect: How movements strengthen each other\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The study also revealed an important narrative spillover effect: When Black viewers watched content about reparations, their support for Land Back increased, even without content related to it. Similarly, Indigenous viewers who watched content about Land Back showed increased support for reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that hearing about progress for one movement can boost support for the other. While these movements have distinct and rich histories, both communities recognize that Land Back and reparations are linked and that justice for both populations is interconnected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11981334\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11981334\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/001_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakari Olatunji, Western Regional Party Representative of the African People’s Socialist Party, speaks during a rally for reparations for African people in Oakland on Oct. 16, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another promising approach to addressing the hope gap is to publicly highlight evidence of past and current successes for reparative movements. History shows that local wins, even when they seem small, can create powerful precedents that fuel hope and transform what people believe is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider how marriage equality spread across the United States. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage, a decision that seemed impossibly radical to many at the time. That single, state-level victory created a tangible example that advocates could point to, gradually shifting public opinion and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11911275/supreme-court-ruling-clears-way-for-release-of-footage-from-landmark-trial-that-legalized-same-sex-marriage-in-california\">inspiring other states to follow\u003c/a>, including California.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>What once seemed unattainable became reality nationwide just 11 years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, the municipal reparations program in Evanston, Illinois, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13921493/erika-alexander-reparations-the-big-payback\">provides a powerful contemporary example\u003c/a>. When Evanston approved the first government reparations program for Black residents in 2021, it created a concrete precedent that advocates across the country could reference. This local policy breakthrough has inspired similar efforts in dozens of municipalities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101894622/whats-next-for-san-franciscos-slavery-reparations-plan\">from Providence to San Francisco\u003c/a>, showing how quickly “impossible” can become “inevitable” once the first domino falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Minnesota offers a model for transferring a state park to tribal communities, with the state Legislature voting in 2023 to transfer Upper Sioux Agency State Park to a Dakota tribe as a form of repair for the violent acts preceding and during the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that while this case offers a strong model, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11956856/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin\">California’s Land Back strategy\u003c/a> will require significant intention and tact, given the state’s more than 100 federally recognized tribes and dozens fighting for federal recognition, creating a unique landscape for this work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These historical patterns highlight why publicizing successes is important: Precedent breeds hope, which fuels movements that transform society.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A blueprint for building hope\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is uniquely positioned to leverage both approaches to make a real impact on the hope gap across the nation. The dual processes of the California Reparations Task Force and Truth and Healing Council offer an opportunity for key communicators and leaders to present them as part of the same reparative project — to braid their narratives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our study shows this approach can effectively strengthen solidarity between Black and Indigenous communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12037638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12037638\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/011_Oakland_ReparationsMarch_10162021_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators march in support of reparations for African people in Oakland on Oct. 16, 2021, organized by the Uhuru Movement. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Second, there is a significant opportunity to showcase the work of the reparations task force and the ongoing efforts of the Truth and Healing Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the reparations task force is no longer active, former members continue to advocate for the policies outlined in the final report. Greater communication about the successes and processes of each commission can show that repair is not just a theoretical concept, but that active steps have been taken in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California should actively build support while directly addressing skepticism about feasibility through evidence-based storytelling. This means:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Amplifying every concrete win across both commissions, no matter how small\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Connecting current achievements to longer-term goals\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Using a braided narrative approach that highlights how these efforts are fundamentally related and can support each other.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>The communication efforts should center trusted voices from California’s Black and Indigenous communities — and must be persistent. Closing a hope gap of more than 80 percentage points will require sustained effort over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From hope to action: Creating pathways for participation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While government commissions are essential, closing the hope gap requires a broader ecosystem of actors demonstrating progress and providing infrastructure for sustained solidarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California shows that change is possible through commissions, it must simultaneously create meaningful ways for people to participate. When people begin to believe that reparative policies are achievable, they’re more likely to engage — but only if there are clear opportunities to contribute.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>By creating community engagement mechanisms, supporting local initiatives and establishing educational programs that build public understanding, California can transform growing hope into concrete action. There is also an opportunity to uplift community-led initiatives that are already advancing reparations and Land Back in big and small ways across the state, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11956963/how-black-californians-had-their-land-stolen\">Bruce’s Beach\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://sogoreate-landtrust.org\">Sogorea Te’ Land Trust\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.santamonica.gov/topic-explainers/landback-reparations\">Santa Monica Landback and Reparations Task Force\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014575/palm-springs-oks-5-9-million-in-reparations-for-black-and-latino-families-whose-homes-the-city-burned\">the Section 14 settlement in Palm Springs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a historic opportunity to show that reparative justice is achievable. By building visible wins, fostering cross-movement solidarity and creating pathways for participation, the state can establish a national model that shows how we move from acknowledging historical harms to actually repairing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This work isn’t just about policy — it’s about healing generations of justified skepticism and creating a foundation for true liberation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Camilla Griffiths, Ph.D., is a behavioral scientist and the director of applied narrative research at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bliscollective.org/\">BLIS Collective\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Trump Memo Delays New Rule Giving Native Tribes Another Shot at US Recognition",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Feb. 13: This story was updated to reflect the news that the rule change was being delayed while the Trump administration reviews it.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/native-american\"> Native American\u003c/a> tribes that unsuccessfully petitioned for federal recognition have been barred from trying again. The Biden administration, in its final months, moved to lift that ban, but federal officials on Thursday delayed the change a day before it was set to take effect — and some in Indian Country say they’re holding their breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re living in somewhat unprecedented times of pushing the boundary of executive authority over a variety of things,” Elizabeth Reese, a Stanford Law School professor and citizen of the Nambé Pueblo, told KQED before the rule change was delayed. “I think we’re all watching to see if the [Trump] administration continues the Biden administration policy on lifting that ban for re-petitioning and know that this is something that a lot of tribes are watching for — and that it means a lot to them to be able to re-petition their federal recognition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, officials under President Trump have not given any indication whether they will ultimately keep the rule change, but the Bureau of Indian Affairs published \u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-02558.pdf\">a document (PDF)\u003c/a> on Thursday in the Federal Register that delayed lifting the ban on re-petitioning until March 21 while the Trump administration reviews it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal recognition designates a tribe as a sovereign nation and gives it access to federal resources it wouldn’t otherwise be eligible for. Petitioning, an administrative process within the Department of the Interior’s Office of Federal Acknowledgement, is the most common of the few ways tribes can presently get recognition — including through a congressional act and a federal court ruling — but it’s also notoriously lengthy and complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes can wait years before their petitions are denied, exhausting appeals, and then — since explicitly being banned in 1994 — being left with no way to petition again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been the case for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101889209/east-bay-ohlone-tribes-struggle-for-federal-recognition\">the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe\u003c/a> in the Bay Area, which was denied in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chairwoman Charlene Nijmeh said deciding to re-petition is not so simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11957424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11957424 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01.jpg\" alt=\"A woman stand in the shadows. Her face and body are illuminated by a spotlight. She has long, brown hair and wears a blue and tan-print jacket and jeans. She looks somber.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charlene Nijmeh, chair of the Muwekma Ohlone tribe in the Bay Area, stands for a portrait next to Strawberry Creek in Berkeley, California, on Friday, Nov. 27, 2020. The East Bay Ohlone tribe has long struggled for federal recognition. \u003ccite>(Lea Suzuki/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a promise,” she said. “The question I have is: Are these the same people — which I know they are in the [Interior Department’s] Office of Federal Acknowledgement — are those the same people determining our petition again, who determined it the first time when they gave us the denial?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t mean Nijmeh is opposed to removing the ban on re-petitioning, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too long, the recognition process has been broken and has led to deeply unjust determinations that are not rooted in fairness or even the public interest,” Nijmeh wrote in a letter to Bureau of Indian Affairs administrators ahead of the change that she shared with KQED. “This rule change will make just a little bit fairer, creating a narrow window for justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another attempt to do away with the ban in a 2015 final rule failed. That was until a 2020 federal court ruling found that the Department of the Interior’s reasons for implementing the ban were “arbitrary and capricious,” leading the Interior Department to reconsider the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muwekma would be one of more than 30 tribes, including four in California, that would be able to re-petition for recognition if the rule change goes into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bureau of Indian Affairs Director Bryan Mercier, in Thursday’s Federal Register document, said the rule change was delayed because of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/regulatory-freeze-pending-review/\">Trump memo on a “regulatory freeze”\u003c/a> issued on his first day in office, requiring all executive agencies and departments to consider postponing final rules 60 days from its effective date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether to allow re-petitioning is a policy determination that falls within the scope of ‘the management of all Indian affairs,’ and the new administration needs time to review the policy determination, consistent with the direction set forth in the [presidential memo],” Mercier wrote in the document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from the Department of the Interior and Bureau of Indian Affairs did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12010054 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/GettyImages-1322038432.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the Trump administration has not given any indication whether it will keep the rule change or otherwise delay it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the process was created in 1978, only 18 of the country’s 574 federally recognized tribes have gained recognition through petitioning. Most came through signing treaties — an option that is no longer available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pamunkey Indian Tribe in Virginia most recently received acknowledgment through the process in 2016. President Donald Trump also signed an executive order on one of his first days asking the Department of the Interior to create a plan for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/25/g-s1-44677/lumbee-tribe-recognition-north-carolina-trump\">recognizing the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina\u003c/a>, which has long sought the designation but has faced pushback from other tribes over the legitimacy of its claim to Native identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the re-petitioning rule change does eventually take effect, Reese, the Stanford law professor, said the Trump administration’s attempts to slash government bureaucracy won’t likely help the complicated federal recognition process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, questions over the administration’s attempts to freeze federal funding and eliminate diversity initiatives stirred uncertainty among tribal leaders. Last month, however, Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum signed an order that excludes tribal nations from Trump’s directives targeting “Diversity, Equity and Inclusion and Gender Ideology Extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026280\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026280\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/AP25016621783047-1-1-scaled-e1738972969977.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former Gov. Doug Burgum, President-elect Donald Trump’s choice to lead the Interior Department as Secretary of the Interior, testifies before the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee on Capitol Hill in Washington, Thursday, Jan. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Jose Luis Magana/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Matthew Campbell, deputy director of the Native American Rights Fund and member of the Native Village of Gambell, said it’s still too early to see how Burgum might lead the Department of the Interior, which houses the Bureau of Indian Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that we always remind the administration of the important relationships that tribal nations have with the United States and the unique history and political nature of that relationship,” Campbell said, “and the unique obligation that the United States has to consult with tribal nations before they take action that may harm or affect tribes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s new leadership has a variety of relationships with Indian Country. Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem was banned from all tribal lands in her home state of South Dakota until one tribe \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kristi-noem-tribal-ban-south-dakota-e6d39081a38ff9961400a582c3153ee3\">lifted its order\u003c/a> days before her confirmation hearing. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Trump’s nominee to lead the Health and Human Services Department, was endorsed by some tribal nations during his failed presidential campaign and candidacy for the Cabinet post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reese said some of Trump’s policies actually align with Indian Country needs. Shrinking the size of the federal government, for example, “actually does need to happen in Indian Country,” she said, and giving “more freedom and flexibility to tribes in how they spend federal dollars is good policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concern is that the dollars themselves are still incredibly vital,” she continued. “I worry that in cutting inefficient bureaucracies, Trump will go beyond that and cut what he thinks are unnecessary programs that are, in fact, very necessary to the health and safety of Native people across the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Muwekma, tribal leaders have since turned to trying to gain recognition through an act of Congress, with Nijmeh even unsuccessfully running for a South Bay seat in last year’s March primary. Pushback, including from federally recognized tribes, has stalled their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the pushback from lawmakers centered on concerns about tribal gaming in the Bay Area and keeping the recognition process fair for all tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because other members of the Bay Area congressional delegation share my concerns about gaming, the Tribe’s decision has left us at an impasse,” former Rep. Anna Eshoo wrote in an Aug. 22 letter to the San José City Council, “and prevented us from engaging constructively on the complex underlying issue of whether legislative recognition should be pursued at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Zoe Lofgren, who Nijmeh ran against in that March primary, also called a San José City Council resolution urging congressional action “misleading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nijmeh told KQED that building a casino is not why the Muwekma want federal recognition, but they also don’t want to give up that right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is our right, as a sovereign, to use that economic tool if we choose to do it. And that is the word: ‘choose,’” Nijmeh said. “Our current administration is not looking at that right now. We’re focusing on keeping our 614 tribal citizens in our homeland, being able to buy or acquire land to build our native village, to keep our children here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution in San José ultimately died. A similar Richmond City Council resolution to support the tribe’s bid — brought forward by former Councilmember Gayle McLaughlin, who told KQED ahead of the vote that she had no worries about gaming — was postponed indefinitely last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to opposition to the tribe’s efforts, Nijmeh said the tribe’s spirit “will never die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I pray this time it will be different,” Nijmeh said in that letter to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. “But either way, Muwekma Ohlone is a Sovereign Nation, and we will continue to be one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Feb. 13: This story was updated to reflect the news that the rule change was being delayed while the Trump administration reviews it.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/native-american\"> Native American\u003c/a> tribes that unsuccessfully petitioned for federal recognition have been barred from trying again. The Biden administration, in its final months, moved to lift that ban, but federal officials on Thursday delayed the change a day before it was set to take effect — and some in Indian Country say they’re holding their breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re living in somewhat unprecedented times of pushing the boundary of executive authority over a variety of things,” Elizabeth Reese, a Stanford Law School professor and citizen of the Nambé Pueblo, told KQED before the rule change was delayed. “I think we’re all watching to see if the [Trump] administration continues the Biden administration policy on lifting that ban for re-petitioning and know that this is something that a lot of tribes are watching for — and that it means a lot to them to be able to re-petition their federal recognition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, officials under President Trump have not given any indication whether they will ultimately keep the rule change, but the Bureau of Indian Affairs published \u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-02558.pdf\">a document (PDF)\u003c/a> on Thursday in the Federal Register that delayed lifting the ban on re-petitioning until March 21 while the Trump administration reviews it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal recognition designates a tribe as a sovereign nation and gives it access to federal resources it wouldn’t otherwise be eligible for. Petitioning, an administrative process within the Department of the Interior’s Office of Federal Acknowledgement, is the most common of the few ways tribes can presently get recognition — including through a congressional act and a federal court ruling — but it’s also notoriously lengthy and complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes can wait years before their petitions are denied, exhausting appeals, and then — since explicitly being banned in 1994 — being left with no way to petition again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been the case for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101889209/east-bay-ohlone-tribes-struggle-for-federal-recognition\">the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe\u003c/a> in the Bay Area, which was denied in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chairwoman Charlene Nijmeh said deciding to re-petition is not so simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11957424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11957424 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01.jpg\" alt=\"A woman stand in the shadows. Her face and body are illuminated by a spotlight. She has long, brown hair and wears a blue and tan-print jacket and jeans. She looks somber.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charlene Nijmeh, chair of the Muwekma Ohlone tribe in the Bay Area, stands for a portrait next to Strawberry Creek in Berkeley, California, on Friday, Nov. 27, 2020. The East Bay Ohlone tribe has long struggled for federal recognition. \u003ccite>(Lea Suzuki/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a promise,” she said. “The question I have is: Are these the same people — which I know they are in the [Interior Department’s] Office of Federal Acknowledgement — are those the same people determining our petition again, who determined it the first time when they gave us the denial?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t mean Nijmeh is opposed to removing the ban on re-petitioning, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too long, the recognition process has been broken and has led to deeply unjust determinations that are not rooted in fairness or even the public interest,” Nijmeh wrote in a letter to Bureau of Indian Affairs administrators ahead of the change that she shared with KQED. “This rule change will make just a little bit fairer, creating a narrow window for justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another attempt to do away with the ban in a 2015 final rule failed. That was until a 2020 federal court ruling found that the Department of the Interior’s reasons for implementing the ban were “arbitrary and capricious,” leading the Interior Department to reconsider the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muwekma would be one of more than 30 tribes, including four in California, that would be able to re-petition for recognition if the rule change goes into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bureau of Indian Affairs Director Bryan Mercier, in Thursday’s Federal Register document, said the rule change was delayed because of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/regulatory-freeze-pending-review/\">Trump memo on a “regulatory freeze”\u003c/a> issued on his first day in office, requiring all executive agencies and departments to consider postponing final rules 60 days from its effective date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether to allow re-petitioning is a policy determination that falls within the scope of ‘the management of all Indian affairs,’ and the new administration needs time to review the policy determination, consistent with the direction set forth in the [presidential memo],” Mercier wrote in the document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from the Department of the Interior and Bureau of Indian Affairs did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the Trump administration has not given any indication whether it will keep the rule change or otherwise delay it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the process was created in 1978, only 18 of the country’s 574 federally recognized tribes have gained recognition through petitioning. Most came through signing treaties — an option that is no longer available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pamunkey Indian Tribe in Virginia most recently received acknowledgment through the process in 2016. President Donald Trump also signed an executive order on one of his first days asking the Department of the Interior to create a plan for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/25/g-s1-44677/lumbee-tribe-recognition-north-carolina-trump\">recognizing the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina\u003c/a>, which has long sought the designation but has faced pushback from other tribes over the legitimacy of its claim to Native identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the re-petitioning rule change does eventually take effect, Reese, the Stanford law professor, said the Trump administration’s attempts to slash government bureaucracy won’t likely help the complicated federal recognition process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, questions over the administration’s attempts to freeze federal funding and eliminate diversity initiatives stirred uncertainty among tribal leaders. Last month, however, Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum signed an order that excludes tribal nations from Trump’s directives targeting “Diversity, Equity and Inclusion and Gender Ideology Extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026280\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026280\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/AP25016621783047-1-1-scaled-e1738972969977.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former Gov. Doug Burgum, President-elect Donald Trump’s choice to lead the Interior Department as Secretary of the Interior, testifies before the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee on Capitol Hill in Washington, Thursday, Jan. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Jose Luis Magana/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Matthew Campbell, deputy director of the Native American Rights Fund and member of the Native Village of Gambell, said it’s still too early to see how Burgum might lead the Department of the Interior, which houses the Bureau of Indian Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that we always remind the administration of the important relationships that tribal nations have with the United States and the unique history and political nature of that relationship,” Campbell said, “and the unique obligation that the United States has to consult with tribal nations before they take action that may harm or affect tribes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s new leadership has a variety of relationships with Indian Country. Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem was banned from all tribal lands in her home state of South Dakota until one tribe \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kristi-noem-tribal-ban-south-dakota-e6d39081a38ff9961400a582c3153ee3\">lifted its order\u003c/a> days before her confirmation hearing. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Trump’s nominee to lead the Health and Human Services Department, was endorsed by some tribal nations during his failed presidential campaign and candidacy for the Cabinet post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reese said some of Trump’s policies actually align with Indian Country needs. Shrinking the size of the federal government, for example, “actually does need to happen in Indian Country,” she said, and giving “more freedom and flexibility to tribes in how they spend federal dollars is good policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concern is that the dollars themselves are still incredibly vital,” she continued. “I worry that in cutting inefficient bureaucracies, Trump will go beyond that and cut what he thinks are unnecessary programs that are, in fact, very necessary to the health and safety of Native people across the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Muwekma, tribal leaders have since turned to trying to gain recognition through an act of Congress, with Nijmeh even unsuccessfully running for a South Bay seat in last year’s March primary. Pushback, including from federally recognized tribes, has stalled their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the pushback from lawmakers centered on concerns about tribal gaming in the Bay Area and keeping the recognition process fair for all tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because other members of the Bay Area congressional delegation share my concerns about gaming, the Tribe’s decision has left us at an impasse,” former Rep. Anna Eshoo wrote in an Aug. 22 letter to the San José City Council, “and prevented us from engaging constructively on the complex underlying issue of whether legislative recognition should be pursued at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Zoe Lofgren, who Nijmeh ran against in that March primary, also called a San José City Council resolution urging congressional action “misleading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nijmeh told KQED that building a casino is not why the Muwekma want federal recognition, but they also don’t want to give up that right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is our right, as a sovereign, to use that economic tool if we choose to do it. And that is the word: ‘choose,’” Nijmeh said. “Our current administration is not looking at that right now. We’re focusing on keeping our 614 tribal citizens in our homeland, being able to buy or acquire land to build our native village, to keep our children here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution in San José ultimately died. A similar Richmond City Council resolution to support the tribe’s bid — brought forward by former Councilmember Gayle McLaughlin, who told KQED ahead of the vote that she had no worries about gaming — was postponed indefinitely last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to opposition to the tribe’s efforts, Nijmeh said the tribe’s spirit “will never die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I pray this time it will be different,” Nijmeh said in that letter to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. “But either way, Muwekma Ohlone is a Sovereign Nation, and we will continue to be one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tribal leaders across the country are preparing their members with information on what to do if federal law enforcement officials approach them as the Trump administration scales up deportation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance — for members to carry their tribal identification cards with them at all times and know their rights if approached — follows what tribal leaders call concerning encounters with immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal advocates said that a history of state and federal officials not understanding tribal documents poses a threat to members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of being misidentified is long,” said Judith Le Blanc, executive director of the Native Organizers Alliance and a citizen of the Caddo Nation. “Our [U.S.] citizenship is so valuable to us, and we want to ensure that it is protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le Blanc said that with the Trump administration tapping other law enforcement agencies, such as the FBI and the Drug Enforcement Administration, for immigration duties, there is more room for distrust and confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reported incidents have tribal members on high alert\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just days after President Trump took office, reports began reaching tribal leaders in the Southwest about encounters with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers.\u003cstrong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While tribal leaders said several reports were unverified, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25508164-democrats-letter-to-trump-on-ice-encountering-native-americans/\">a letter to Trump sent on Tuesday\u003c/a> from Democrats from Arizona, New Mexico and California said one confirmed incident in a New Mexico convenience store is “spreading fear in communities that have existed since time immemorial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats said that in the incident, an ICE officer questioned a Mescalero tribal member’s citizenship even after being shown tribal identification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter to Trump urges him to direct ICE to accept tribal IDs as proof of U.S. citizenship. ICE did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never just been a random kind of thing to approach tribal members in some public place. It was usually really specifically targeted,” said Mescalero Apache Tribal President Thora Walsh Padilla. “We’re just concerned for our tribal members that somebody could be picked up not having all the necessary identification forms with them and who knows what could happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/22804/how-to-respond-if-confronted-by-u-s-immigration-agents/\">Mescalero Apache\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.navajo-nsn.gov/Portals/0/Press%20Releases/2025/Jan/President%20Nygren%E2%80%99s%20statement%20on%20ICE%20concerns,%20for%20Jan.%2025.pdf\">Navajo Nation (PDF)\u003c/a> both put out press releases urging tribal members to carry their tribal and other identification with them at all times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navajo Nation office of the president said reports received concerning their members could not be confirmed or substantiated, still the president acknowledged increased fear in the community and set up a \u003ca href=\"https://operationrainbowbridge.com/navajo-immigration-ice/\">hotline for reporting federal law enforcement activity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recent reports of negative interactions with federal immigration agents have raised concerns that have prompted fear and anxiety among our community members,” said Navajo President Buu Nygren. “We encourage individuals to remain calm and assured that our collaborative efforts with local, state, and federal law enforcement are ongoing to ensure community safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tribes across the country brace for encounters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Other tribes have put out similar statements, urging their members to always carry their identification cards. That includes the \u003ca href=\"https://wyofile.com/leaders-of-tribes-in-wyoming-warn-members-to-carry-id-amid-fears-of-harassment-by-immigration-enforcers/\">Northern Arapaho and Eastern Shoshone\u003c/a> in Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Winnebago Tribal Council in Nebraska \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=913628614277387&id=100068907714055&_rdr\">approved free tribal identification cards\u003c/a> for all aged \u003ca href=\"https://winnebagotribe.com/tribal-enrollment/\">tribal members\u003c/a> “as an effort to protect Tribal members of all ages from I.C.E.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Utah, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=939081231685019&set=a.606625288263950\">the Ute\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/PaiuteIndianTribeofUtah/posts/pfbid0b7dCYjZusCsTEyeA74cUkCuXqT3hNai7uATTAoBdzGGs639BDm5AsH3eJsZLv6Qfl\">Paiute tribes\u003c/a> called on members to notify tribal leadership of any ICE activity on tribal land and detailed how to respond if they encounter immigration officials. The measures are all preventative, the statements said.[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='native-americans']“There has been a recent federal response on illegal immigration in this country and those who are citizens may be improperly detained as part of these operations,” wrote Hope Silvas, Paiute Indian Tribe chair. “There have been no reports of ICE presence or improper detentions in our area, but it is our priority to ensure the safety of all of our Tribal members.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the election, Trump and immigration enforcement advisers said they would prioritize the arrests and deportation of public safety threats. However, they also warn that “\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5098555-trump-immigration-plan-sanctuary-cities/\">collateral arrests\u003c/a>” may also be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE’s operations have gained increased attention over the last week, including one set of arrests that included American citizens in Newark, N.J.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement may encounter U.S. citizens while conducting field work and may request identification to establish an individual’s identity, as was the case during a targeted enforcement operation at a worksite in Newark, New Jersey,” an ICE spokesperson told NPR about American citizens arrested during that operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While testifying before the Senate, new Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem touted her relationship working with tribes as the governor of South Dakota. As governor, Noem had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/22/politics/kristi-noem-tribal-lands-ban/index.html\">banned\u003c/a> from entering the lands of nine tribes in the state, though at least one tribe has since lifted that ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with concerns about immigration enforcement, \u003ca href=\"https://www.keloland.com/keloland-com-original/tribes-issuing-free-id-cards-amid-ice-raids/\">several South Dakota tribes\u003c/a> are also among those temporarily waiving fees for tribal ID cards for their enrolled members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noem added that when it comes to the infrastructure of the southern U.S. border wall, there needs to be respect for tribal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s border wall construction during his first term as president was criticized by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/02/23/516477313/border-wall-would-cut-across-land-sacred-to-native-tribe\">border tribes such as the Tohono O’odham in Arizona\u003c/a> for being built in the middle of sacred lands and ancestral burial grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tribal leaders across the country are preparing their members with information on what to do if federal law enforcement officials approach them as the Trump administration scales up deportation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance — for members to carry their tribal identification cards with them at all times and know their rights if approached — follows what tribal leaders call concerning encounters with immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal advocates said that a history of state and federal officials not understanding tribal documents poses a threat to members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of being misidentified is long,” said Judith Le Blanc, executive director of the Native Organizers Alliance and a citizen of the Caddo Nation. “Our [U.S.] citizenship is so valuable to us, and we want to ensure that it is protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le Blanc said that with the Trump administration tapping other law enforcement agencies, such as the FBI and the Drug Enforcement Administration, for immigration duties, there is more room for distrust and confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reported incidents have tribal members on high alert\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just days after President Trump took office, reports began reaching tribal leaders in the Southwest about encounters with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers.\u003cstrong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While tribal leaders said several reports were unverified, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25508164-democrats-letter-to-trump-on-ice-encountering-native-americans/\">a letter to Trump sent on Tuesday\u003c/a> from Democrats from Arizona, New Mexico and California said one confirmed incident in a New Mexico convenience store is “spreading fear in communities that have existed since time immemorial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats said that in the incident, an ICE officer questioned a Mescalero tribal member’s citizenship even after being shown tribal identification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter to Trump urges him to direct ICE to accept tribal IDs as proof of U.S. citizenship. ICE did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never just been a random kind of thing to approach tribal members in some public place. It was usually really specifically targeted,” said Mescalero Apache Tribal President Thora Walsh Padilla. “We’re just concerned for our tribal members that somebody could be picked up not having all the necessary identification forms with them and who knows what could happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/22804/how-to-respond-if-confronted-by-u-s-immigration-agents/\">Mescalero Apache\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.navajo-nsn.gov/Portals/0/Press%20Releases/2025/Jan/President%20Nygren%E2%80%99s%20statement%20on%20ICE%20concerns,%20for%20Jan.%2025.pdf\">Navajo Nation (PDF)\u003c/a> both put out press releases urging tribal members to carry their tribal and other identification with them at all times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navajo Nation office of the president said reports received concerning their members could not be confirmed or substantiated, still the president acknowledged increased fear in the community and set up a \u003ca href=\"https://operationrainbowbridge.com/navajo-immigration-ice/\">hotline for reporting federal law enforcement activity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recent reports of negative interactions with federal immigration agents have raised concerns that have prompted fear and anxiety among our community members,” said Navajo President Buu Nygren. “We encourage individuals to remain calm and assured that our collaborative efforts with local, state, and federal law enforcement are ongoing to ensure community safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tribes across the country brace for encounters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Other tribes have put out similar statements, urging their members to always carry their identification cards. That includes the \u003ca href=\"https://wyofile.com/leaders-of-tribes-in-wyoming-warn-members-to-carry-id-amid-fears-of-harassment-by-immigration-enforcers/\">Northern Arapaho and Eastern Shoshone\u003c/a> in Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Winnebago Tribal Council in Nebraska \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=913628614277387&id=100068907714055&_rdr\">approved free tribal identification cards\u003c/a> for all aged \u003ca href=\"https://winnebagotribe.com/tribal-enrollment/\">tribal members\u003c/a> “as an effort to protect Tribal members of all ages from I.C.E.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Utah, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=939081231685019&set=a.606625288263950\">the Ute\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/PaiuteIndianTribeofUtah/posts/pfbid0b7dCYjZusCsTEyeA74cUkCuXqT3hNai7uATTAoBdzGGs639BDm5AsH3eJsZLv6Qfl\">Paiute tribes\u003c/a> called on members to notify tribal leadership of any ICE activity on tribal land and detailed how to respond if they encounter immigration officials. The measures are all preventative, the statements said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There has been a recent federal response on illegal immigration in this country and those who are citizens may be improperly detained as part of these operations,” wrote Hope Silvas, Paiute Indian Tribe chair. “There have been no reports of ICE presence or improper detentions in our area, but it is our priority to ensure the safety of all of our Tribal members.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the election, Trump and immigration enforcement advisers said they would prioritize the arrests and deportation of public safety threats. However, they also warn that “\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5098555-trump-immigration-plan-sanctuary-cities/\">collateral arrests\u003c/a>” may also be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE’s operations have gained increased attention over the last week, including one set of arrests that included American citizens in Newark, N.J.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement may encounter U.S. citizens while conducting field work and may request identification to establish an individual’s identity, as was the case during a targeted enforcement operation at a worksite in Newark, New Jersey,” an ICE spokesperson told NPR about American citizens arrested during that operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While testifying before the Senate, new Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem touted her relationship working with tribes as the governor of South Dakota. As governor, Noem had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/22/politics/kristi-noem-tribal-lands-ban/index.html\">banned\u003c/a> from entering the lands of nine tribes in the state, though at least one tribe has since lifted that ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with concerns about immigration enforcement, \u003ca href=\"https://www.keloland.com/keloland-com-original/tribes-issuing-free-id-cards-amid-ice-raids/\">several South Dakota tribes\u003c/a> are also among those temporarily waiving fees for tribal ID cards for their enrolled members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noem added that when it comes to the infrastructure of the southern U.S. border wall, there needs to be respect for tribal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s border wall construction during his first term as president was criticized by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/02/23/516477313/border-wall-would-cut-across-land-sacred-to-native-tribe\">border tribes such as the Tohono O’odham in Arizona\u003c/a> for being built in the middle of sacred lands and ancestral burial grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nestled in the Berkeley Hills, Indian and Mortar rocks are popular hangout spots known in part for epic views of the Bay. For climbers like Berkeleyside reporter Ally Markovich, they’re known for their outsized role in the development of bouldering.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But for the native Ohlone, the boulders are a symbol of a destroyed cultural landscape, and an urgent call to protect native history.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11970466/connecting-climbers-with-the-native-history-of-indian-and-mortar-rocks\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This episode first ran on Dec. 23, 2023.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3968162446&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Emery Tahy of San Francisco knows firsthand the struggles of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/addiction-treatment\">addiction and recovery\u003c/a> — a journey that, for him, is intertwined with his experience as a Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his twenties, Tahy landed on the streets of Phoenix, battling severe depression and alcohol-induced seizures. About four years ago, Tahy said, he was on the brink of suicide when his siblings intervened and petitioned for court-ordered treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Tahy was detoxing in a psychiatric ward, he learned about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendshiphousesf.org/\">Friendship House\u003c/a>, a Native-led recovery treatment program in San Francisco. As soon as he was released from the Arizona hospital, he headed to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew immediately that I was in the right place,” said Tahy, 43. “A traditional practitioner did prayers for me. They shared some songs with me. They put me in the sweat lodge, and I could identify with those ceremonies. And from that day moving forward, I was able to reconnect to my spiritual and cultural upbringing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, for the first time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/medi-cal\">Medi-Cal\u003c/a> is set to cover traditional health practices such as music therapy, sweat lodges and dancing to help the state’s Native American communities battle addiction to drugs and alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Medi-Cal expansion will cover two new \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/section-1115-demonstrations/downloads/ca-calaim-dmnstrn-appvl-10162024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">categories of intervention\u003c/a>. People suffering from a substance use disorder can seek therapy from traditional healers who offer ceremonial rituals, or they can work with trusted figures within tribal communities, such as elected officials or spiritual leaders who offer psychological support, trauma counseling and recovery guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to the largest \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/native-americans\">Native American\u003c/a> population in the U.S., and Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a press release announcing the expansion this week that the state is “committed to healing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12009426/the-brutal-story-behind-californias-new-native-american-genocide-education-law\">historical wounds inflicted on tribes\u003c/a>, including the health disparities Native communities face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009971\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1333px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009971\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1333\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED.jpg 1333w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED-1024x1536.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1333px) 100vw, 1333px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emery Tahy found healing in the Friendship House, a Native-led recovery treatment program in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Maira Garcia and AJ Aguilar/Native American Health Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tahy’s battle with alcoholism began when he was a small child. He said he took his first sip of beer when he was 4, surrounded by parents, uncles, aunts and grandparents who all drank heavily on the Navajo Nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a full-blooded American Indian,” Tahy said, recounting the difficulties he faced in his youth. “Growing up, I was subjected to a lot of prejudice, racism and segregation. I didn’t have any pride in who I was. I feel like drugs and alcohol were a way to cope with that shame. Alcohol helped me socialize and gave me courage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his teenage years, Tahy drank and began dabbling in marijuana, cocaine and crystal meth. All the while, he said, his family instilled a meaningful relationship to his culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always encouraged by my grandparents, on my mom’s side, to learn and be connected to traditional Navajo ways of life,” Tahy said. “There was a deep connection to family, land and ceremonial activities connected to seasonal changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tahy’s story is not unique. Native American communities suffer from some of the \u003ca href=\"https://americanaddictioncenters.org/addiction-statistics/native-americans\">highest rates\u003c/a> of substance abuse and overdose deaths in the country, and health experts have long argued that Western medicine alone cannot adequately treat substance use disorders in Native American populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisis is compounded by centuries of historical trauma, which is why the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/biden-harris-administration-takes-groundbreaking-action-expand-health-care-access-covering\">offering coverage\u003c/a> for tribal communities in Arizona, New Mexico and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roselyn Tso, who directs the federal Indian Health Service, has championed this work and said that “these practices have sustained our people’s health for generations and continue to serve as a vital link between culture, science and wellness in many of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bridging two worlds: Tradition and modern medicine\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While clinical approaches like detox, medication-assisted treatment and behavioral therapy are essential to treating substance use disorders, they often fail to address the cultural and spiritual needs of Native patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traditional practices are, by nature, holistic,” said Damian Chase-Begay, a researcher focused on American Indian health at the University of Montana. “They are treating the person physically, mentally, spiritually and emotionally. They benefit the whole being, not just the physical symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, healthcare practitioners dedicated to Indigenous communities struggled with the limitations of what insurance would cover. Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicaid program for low-income residents, reimburses for medical prescriptions or talk therapy, but traditional healing methods were often excluded from coverage, leaving many Native American patients without access to treatments that aligned with their cultural values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What California is now covering under Medi-Cal is exactly what our Native communities have been asking to be covered for years,” Chase-Begay said. “This kind of support, had it been in place, could have helped stop some intergenerational trauma and substance use years ago. I’m so thrilled that it’s in place now, but it’s long overdue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12009555 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241014-GREAT-REDWOOD-TRAIL-AW-01-1020x764.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ncuih.org/wp-content/uploads/03.25.24-FINAL-design-of-2023-TH-Report.pdf\">Studies\u003c/a> have shown that integrating cultural practices into addiction treatment can lead to higher engagement and more positive recovery outcomes, though most of the current research is qualitative, not quantitative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new Medi-Cal policy is set to take effect next year, with Indian Health Service providers in qualifying counties able to request reimbursement for these services starting in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is vital that we honor our traditional ways of healing,” said Kiana Maillet, a licensed therapist in San Diego and a member of the Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Tribe. “Traditional healing is deeply ingrained in our cultures. Without it, we are missing a piece of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Tahy, he hasn’t touched a drop of alcohol since starting therapy at Friendship House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He now holds a full-time job as an evaluator for the Native American Health Center in San Francisco. Soon, he will complete a master’s degree in American Indian studies. And, a few months ago, he completed the San Francisco marathon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Emery Tahy of San Francisco knows firsthand the struggles of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/addiction-treatment\">addiction and recovery\u003c/a> — a journey that, for him, is intertwined with his experience as a Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his twenties, Tahy landed on the streets of Phoenix, battling severe depression and alcohol-induced seizures. About four years ago, Tahy said, he was on the brink of suicide when his siblings intervened and petitioned for court-ordered treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Tahy was detoxing in a psychiatric ward, he learned about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendshiphousesf.org/\">Friendship House\u003c/a>, a Native-led recovery treatment program in San Francisco. As soon as he was released from the Arizona hospital, he headed to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew immediately that I was in the right place,” said Tahy, 43. “A traditional practitioner did prayers for me. They shared some songs with me. They put me in the sweat lodge, and I could identify with those ceremonies. And from that day moving forward, I was able to reconnect to my spiritual and cultural upbringing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, for the first time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/medi-cal\">Medi-Cal\u003c/a> is set to cover traditional health practices such as music therapy, sweat lodges and dancing to help the state’s Native American communities battle addiction to drugs and alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Medi-Cal expansion will cover two new \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/section-1115-demonstrations/downloads/ca-calaim-dmnstrn-appvl-10162024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">categories of intervention\u003c/a>. People suffering from a substance use disorder can seek therapy from traditional healers who offer ceremonial rituals, or they can work with trusted figures within tribal communities, such as elected officials or spiritual leaders who offer psychological support, trauma counseling and recovery guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to the largest \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/native-americans\">Native American\u003c/a> population in the U.S., and Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a press release announcing the expansion this week that the state is “committed to healing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12009426/the-brutal-story-behind-californias-new-native-american-genocide-education-law\">historical wounds inflicted on tribes\u003c/a>, including the health disparities Native communities face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009971\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1333px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009971\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1333\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED.jpg 1333w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241017-EMERY-TAHY-PHOTO-KQED-1024x1536.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1333px) 100vw, 1333px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emery Tahy found healing in the Friendship House, a Native-led recovery treatment program in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Maira Garcia and AJ Aguilar/Native American Health Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tahy’s battle with alcoholism began when he was a small child. He said he took his first sip of beer when he was 4, surrounded by parents, uncles, aunts and grandparents who all drank heavily on the Navajo Nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a full-blooded American Indian,” Tahy said, recounting the difficulties he faced in his youth. “Growing up, I was subjected to a lot of prejudice, racism and segregation. I didn’t have any pride in who I was. I feel like drugs and alcohol were a way to cope with that shame. Alcohol helped me socialize and gave me courage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his teenage years, Tahy drank and began dabbling in marijuana, cocaine and crystal meth. All the while, he said, his family instilled a meaningful relationship to his culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always encouraged by my grandparents, on my mom’s side, to learn and be connected to traditional Navajo ways of life,” Tahy said. “There was a deep connection to family, land and ceremonial activities connected to seasonal changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tahy’s story is not unique. Native American communities suffer from some of the \u003ca href=\"https://americanaddictioncenters.org/addiction-statistics/native-americans\">highest rates\u003c/a> of substance abuse and overdose deaths in the country, and health experts have long argued that Western medicine alone cannot adequately treat substance use disorders in Native American populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisis is compounded by centuries of historical trauma, which is why the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/biden-harris-administration-takes-groundbreaking-action-expand-health-care-access-covering\">offering coverage\u003c/a> for tribal communities in Arizona, New Mexico and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roselyn Tso, who directs the federal Indian Health Service, has championed this work and said that “these practices have sustained our people’s health for generations and continue to serve as a vital link between culture, science and wellness in many of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bridging two worlds: Tradition and modern medicine\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While clinical approaches like detox, medication-assisted treatment and behavioral therapy are essential to treating substance use disorders, they often fail to address the cultural and spiritual needs of Native patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traditional practices are, by nature, holistic,” said Damian Chase-Begay, a researcher focused on American Indian health at the University of Montana. “They are treating the person physically, mentally, spiritually and emotionally. They benefit the whole being, not just the physical symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, healthcare practitioners dedicated to Indigenous communities struggled with the limitations of what insurance would cover. Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicaid program for low-income residents, reimburses for medical prescriptions or talk therapy, but traditional healing methods were often excluded from coverage, leaving many Native American patients without access to treatments that aligned with their cultural values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What California is now covering under Medi-Cal is exactly what our Native communities have been asking to be covered for years,” Chase-Begay said. “This kind of support, had it been in place, could have helped stop some intergenerational trauma and substance use years ago. I’m so thrilled that it’s in place now, but it’s long overdue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ncuih.org/wp-content/uploads/03.25.24-FINAL-design-of-2023-TH-Report.pdf\">Studies\u003c/a> have shown that integrating cultural practices into addiction treatment can lead to higher engagement and more positive recovery outcomes, though most of the current research is qualitative, not quantitative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new Medi-Cal policy is set to take effect next year, with Indian Health Service providers in qualifying counties able to request reimbursement for these services starting in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is vital that we honor our traditional ways of healing,” said Kiana Maillet, a licensed therapist in San Diego and a member of the Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Tribe. “Traditional healing is deeply ingrained in our cultures. Without it, we are missing a piece of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Tahy, he hasn’t touched a drop of alcohol since starting therapy at Friendship House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He now holds a full-time job as an evaluator for the Native American Health Center in San Francisco. Soon, he will complete a master’s degree in American Indian studies. And, a few months ago, he completed the San Francisco marathon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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