Over 1 Million Were Deported to Mexico Nearly 100 Years Ago. Most of Them Were US Citizens
Mass Deportations May Be Unlikely, But It's Happened Before
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"title": "Over 1 Million Were Deported to Mexico Nearly 100 Years Ago. Most of Them Were US Citizens",
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"content": "\u003cp>A bill making its way through the California state legislature would commemorate a little-known chapter of U.S. history: a large-scale deportation of Mexicans — and Mexican Americans — nearly a century ago. And the bill’s backers say it’s all the more relevant in this election year when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/07/19/nx-s1-5044582/trump-has-promised-deportations-on-an-unprecedented-scale\">mass deportation is again a political topic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yearslong episode, referred to as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/09/10/439114563/americas-forgotten-history-of-mexican-american-repatriation\">the Mexican Repatriation\u003c/a> by those who enacted it, began in 1930, as the Great Depression took hold. As employment dwindled, hostility toward immigrants grew. President Herbert Hoover had announced a plan to ensure “American jobs for real Americans,” implying that anyone of Mexican descent was not a “real” American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB537\">bill\u003c/a>, SB 537, would authorize a nonprofit organization representing Mexican Americans or immigrants to build a memorial in Los Angeles recognizing the people who were forcibly deported from the U.S. during the Great Depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historians say more than a million people — and possibly as many as 1.8 million — throughout the country were forced to go to Mexico. But not all of them were Mexican. Indeed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unmpress.com/9780826339744/decade-of-betrayal/\">scholars estimate that \u003c/a>more than half of those pushed out of the country were American citizens, often the U.S.-born children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those deported was Martin Cabrera’s grandfather, Emilio, who was born in 1918 in Wilmington, California, in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002188\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-12002188\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-1020x1648.jpg\" alt=\"A vintage black and white image of a man and woman dressed in wedding attire.\" width=\"640\" height=\"1034\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-1020x1648.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-800x1292.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-160x258.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-951x1536.jpg 951w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED.jpg 1238w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emilio Cabrera and Maria Asuncion pose for a portrait at their wedding in Mexico in 1934. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of the Cabrera family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cabrera, the CEO of Cabrera Capital, an investment firm in Chicago, said that when he was a boy, his grandfather told him stories about being deported, along with his mother and little sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was about 12 years old in 1930,” Cabrera said. “He was put into a box car over by Los Angeles at Union Station, and they’re shipped out and ended up in San Luis Potosí in Mexico.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said his grandfather never complained about what he had been through and worked hard to build a good life for his family. But when Cabrera became an adult, he began to realize how hard it must have been for the family to leave everything behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t have a lot of belongings that they took with them when they were being deported,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A lawless deportation’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>UC Davis Law School Dean Kevin Johnson said government officials flagrantly \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr/vol26/iss1/1/\">disregarded people’s constitutional rights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a lawless deportation,” he said. “There were no removal procedures. There’s no process, there’s no nothing. And [under law] you can’t deport a citizen. You can’t force a citizen to leave the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson points out that “repatriation” is a misnomer for the hundreds of thousands of Americans who had never lived in Mexico, including his former colleague, the late \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/08/im-mexican-american-and-i-was-a-judge-what-trump-is-doing-is-appalling/\">California Supreme Court Justice Cruz Reynoso\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I view the repatriation as an ethnic cleansing that took place in the greater Southwest, including Los Angeles, in the Great Depression,” he said. “And it’s had significant impacts…. For generations, Mexican identities were kept, some might say, ‘in the closet.’ It was kept quiet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials in places like Los Angeles adopted the term “repatriation” because they were \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/about-us/our-history/stories-from-the-archives/ins-records-for-1930s-mexican-repatriations\">waging pressure campaigns\u003c/a> to induce Mexicans to “voluntarily” depart, as well as collaborating with federal immigration authorities to carry out formal deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows some families were coerced into “self-deporting” through persuasion, threats or intimidation. Others were rounded up by force, even taken from hospitals. Johnson notes that, though immigration enforcement is a federal responsibility, local officials were often the ones conducting the raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most notorious incidents took place in Los Angeles in February 1931, where city police corralled hundreds of people at La Placita, the plaza in front of Our Lady Queen of Angels Catholic Church, in a Mexican neighborhood. Officers checked papers and trucked dozens of people to the train station to send them to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Obviously it could happen again’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tamara Gisiger was a high school junior when she learned about the Mexican Repatriation. Her class was studying the Great Depression, and she wanted to focus her final paper on how it had affected people of Mexican heritage like her. She said she was shocked by what her research turned up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I brought it up to my teacher, I was even more shocked when she didn’t know about it,” said Gisiger, who’s starting her first year at Bowdoin College. “So, I started talking to family members about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She learned that a cousin’s grandfather was deported and the family had to start over at the southern tip of Baja California, a region where “repatriates” were promised land but, with no water, found it nearly impossible to farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very un-talked about because it’s shameful,” she said. “It’s traumatizing and hidden from the family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gisiger’s paper came to the attention of California State Sen. Josh Becker, and together, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB537\">they wrote the bill\u003c/a> to place the memorial at La Placita park in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becker said Americans need to learn this history because \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/trump-says-immigrants-are-poisoning-blood-country-biden-campaign-liken-rcna130141\">the inflammatory way that former President Donald Trump speaks about immigrants\u003c/a> as he campaigns for president echoes the anti-immigrant climate that made Mexican Repatriation possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFch7SbrYWI&t=1s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today we are seeing the same kind of hateful, vile rhetoric coming from political leaders, and actually calls for mass deportation,” Becker said at a recent press conference promoting the bill. “I think many people think, ‘Oh, that’s just rhetoric that will never happen.’ We’re here to say: ‘This happened in the past and obviously it could happen again.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us/\">an estimated 11 million unauthorized immigrants\u003c/a> in the United States as of 2022. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/2024-republican-party-platform\">Republican party platform\u003c/a> pledges to “Carry out the largest deportation operation in American history,” something analysts predict would be complicated and very costly. A \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/647123/sharply-americans-curb-immigration.aspx\">growing share of Americans\u003c/a> — though still a minority — support large-scale deportations, polls show.[aside postID=\"news_12002117,news_11999292,news_11979997\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has more rigorous due process protections than it did in the 1930s, including a deportation process in the immigration courts, notes Johnson, the law school dean. But those protections could be overridden, he said, if a president were to declare a state of emergency for deportations and sympathetic courts were to uphold it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could end up with mass removals or at least mass removals for a time,” he said. “So I think damage could be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2006/01/02/5079627/remembering-californias-repatriation-program\">California issued a formal apology\u003c/a> for its role in the Mexican Repatriation, acknowledging that it violated people’s civil liberties and constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becker’s bill to erect a commemorative monument passed the state assembly unanimously Wednesday and is expected to pass the senate this week. It must make it to Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk by Saturday if it’s to be signed into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin Cabrera thinks that recognition is needed to help raise awareness about what he calls “a dark part of our American history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you learn from those negative points in our history? One: recognize it and then document it. But also educate people and what transpired,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new California bill would commemorate 'a dark part of our American history' known as the Mexican 'repatriation' of the 1930s.",
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"title": "Over 1 Million Were Deported to Mexico Nearly 100 Years Ago. Most of Them Were US Citizens | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A bill making its way through the California state legislature would commemorate a little-known chapter of U.S. history: a large-scale deportation of Mexicans — and Mexican Americans — nearly a century ago. And the bill’s backers say it’s all the more relevant in this election year when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/07/19/nx-s1-5044582/trump-has-promised-deportations-on-an-unprecedented-scale\">mass deportation is again a political topic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yearslong episode, referred to as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/09/10/439114563/americas-forgotten-history-of-mexican-american-repatriation\">the Mexican Repatriation\u003c/a> by those who enacted it, began in 1930, as the Great Depression took hold. As employment dwindled, hostility toward immigrants grew. President Herbert Hoover had announced a plan to ensure “American jobs for real Americans,” implying that anyone of Mexican descent was not a “real” American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB537\">bill\u003c/a>, SB 537, would authorize a nonprofit organization representing Mexican Americans or immigrants to build a memorial in Los Angeles recognizing the people who were forcibly deported from the U.S. during the Great Depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historians say more than a million people — and possibly as many as 1.8 million — throughout the country were forced to go to Mexico. But not all of them were Mexican. Indeed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unmpress.com/9780826339744/decade-of-betrayal/\">scholars estimate that \u003c/a>more than half of those pushed out of the country were American citizens, often the U.S.-born children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those deported was Martin Cabrera’s grandfather, Emilio, who was born in 1918 in Wilmington, California, in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002188\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-12002188\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-1020x1648.jpg\" alt=\"A vintage black and white image of a man and woman dressed in wedding attire.\" width=\"640\" height=\"1034\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-1020x1648.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-800x1292.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-160x258.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED-951x1536.jpg 951w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240828-Mexican-Repatriation-01-KQED.jpg 1238w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emilio Cabrera and Maria Asuncion pose for a portrait at their wedding in Mexico in 1934. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of the Cabrera family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cabrera, the CEO of Cabrera Capital, an investment firm in Chicago, said that when he was a boy, his grandfather told him stories about being deported, along with his mother and little sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was about 12 years old in 1930,” Cabrera said. “He was put into a box car over by Los Angeles at Union Station, and they’re shipped out and ended up in San Luis Potosí in Mexico.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said his grandfather never complained about what he had been through and worked hard to build a good life for his family. But when Cabrera became an adult, he began to realize how hard it must have been for the family to leave everything behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t have a lot of belongings that they took with them when they were being deported,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A lawless deportation’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>UC Davis Law School Dean Kevin Johnson said government officials flagrantly \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr/vol26/iss1/1/\">disregarded people’s constitutional rights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a lawless deportation,” he said. “There were no removal procedures. There’s no process, there’s no nothing. And [under law] you can’t deport a citizen. You can’t force a citizen to leave the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson points out that “repatriation” is a misnomer for the hundreds of thousands of Americans who had never lived in Mexico, including his former colleague, the late \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/08/im-mexican-american-and-i-was-a-judge-what-trump-is-doing-is-appalling/\">California Supreme Court Justice Cruz Reynoso\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I view the repatriation as an ethnic cleansing that took place in the greater Southwest, including Los Angeles, in the Great Depression,” he said. “And it’s had significant impacts…. For generations, Mexican identities were kept, some might say, ‘in the closet.’ It was kept quiet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials in places like Los Angeles adopted the term “repatriation” because they were \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/about-us/our-history/stories-from-the-archives/ins-records-for-1930s-mexican-repatriations\">waging pressure campaigns\u003c/a> to induce Mexicans to “voluntarily” depart, as well as collaborating with federal immigration authorities to carry out formal deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows some families were coerced into “self-deporting” through persuasion, threats or intimidation. Others were rounded up by force, even taken from hospitals. Johnson notes that, though immigration enforcement is a federal responsibility, local officials were often the ones conducting the raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most notorious incidents took place in Los Angeles in February 1931, where city police corralled hundreds of people at La Placita, the plaza in front of Our Lady Queen of Angels Catholic Church, in a Mexican neighborhood. Officers checked papers and trucked dozens of people to the train station to send them to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Obviously it could happen again’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tamara Gisiger was a high school junior when she learned about the Mexican Repatriation. Her class was studying the Great Depression, and she wanted to focus her final paper on how it had affected people of Mexican heritage like her. She said she was shocked by what her research turned up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I brought it up to my teacher, I was even more shocked when she didn’t know about it,” said Gisiger, who’s starting her first year at Bowdoin College. “So, I started talking to family members about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She learned that a cousin’s grandfather was deported and the family had to start over at the southern tip of Baja California, a region where “repatriates” were promised land but, with no water, found it nearly impossible to farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very un-talked about because it’s shameful,” she said. “It’s traumatizing and hidden from the family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gisiger’s paper came to the attention of California State Sen. Josh Becker, and together, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB537\">they wrote the bill\u003c/a> to place the memorial at La Placita park in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becker said Americans need to learn this history because \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/trump-says-immigrants-are-poisoning-blood-country-biden-campaign-liken-rcna130141\">the inflammatory way that former President Donald Trump speaks about immigrants\u003c/a> as he campaigns for president echoes the anti-immigrant climate that made Mexican Repatriation possible.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/TFch7SbrYWI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/TFch7SbrYWI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“Today we are seeing the same kind of hateful, vile rhetoric coming from political leaders, and actually calls for mass deportation,” Becker said at a recent press conference promoting the bill. “I think many people think, ‘Oh, that’s just rhetoric that will never happen.’ We’re here to say: ‘This happened in the past and obviously it could happen again.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us/\">an estimated 11 million unauthorized immigrants\u003c/a> in the United States as of 2022. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/2024-republican-party-platform\">Republican party platform\u003c/a> pledges to “Carry out the largest deportation operation in American history,” something analysts predict would be complicated and very costly. A \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/647123/sharply-americans-curb-immigration.aspx\">growing share of Americans\u003c/a> — though still a minority — support large-scale deportations, polls show.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has more rigorous due process protections than it did in the 1930s, including a deportation process in the immigration courts, notes Johnson, the law school dean. But those protections could be overridden, he said, if a president were to declare a state of emergency for deportations and sympathetic courts were to uphold it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could end up with mass removals or at least mass removals for a time,” he said. “So I think damage could be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2006/01/02/5079627/remembering-californias-repatriation-program\">California issued a formal apology\u003c/a> for its role in the Mexican Repatriation, acknowledging that it violated people’s civil liberties and constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becker’s bill to erect a commemorative monument passed the state assembly unanimously Wednesday and is expected to pass the senate this week. It must make it to Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk by Saturday if it’s to be signed into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin Cabrera thinks that recognition is needed to help raise awareness about what he calls “a dark part of our American history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you learn from those negative points in our history? One: recognize it and then document it. But also educate people and what transpired,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "mass-deportations-may-be-unlikely-but-its-happened-before",
"title": "Mass Deportations May Be Unlikely, But It's Happened Before",
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"headTitle": "Mass Deportations May Be Unlikely, But It’s Happened Before | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Wednesday, August 28, 2024…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sd13.senate.ca.gov/news/press-release/august-14-2024/legislation-to-memorialize-mexican-repatriation-receives\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bill making its way through the state legislature\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Sacramento would commemorate a little-known chapter of US history: a large-scale deportation of Mexicans – and Mexican-Americans – nearly a century ago that hit California hard. It comes in an election year when mass deportation is again a political topic. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Undocumented immigrants \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/08/26/california-undocumented-immigrants-homes-00176253\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">may soon qualify\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for a California program that gives loans to first time, first generation home-buyers. A bill expanding the program – known as The California Dream For All – advanced in the state senate on Tuesday.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>CA Bill Confronts Painful Past Of Forced Deportations \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was known as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/09/08/437579834/mass-deportation-may-sound-unlikely-but-its-happened-before\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the Mexican Repatriation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and it began in 1930, as the Great Depression took hold. President Herbert Hoover announced a plan to ensure “American jobs for real Americans” – implying anyone of Mexican descent was not a “real” American.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Historians say more than a million people were forced to go to Mexico, and more than half of them were American citizens. Some families were coerced into “self-deporting.” Others were rounded up by force, even taken from hospitals. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2024-04-17/la-mexican-americans-deported-audio-tour-olvera-street\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the most notorious incidents was in Los Angeles\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where city police corralled hundreds of people at La Placita Park and put them on trains to Mexico.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tamara Gisiger learned about the deportations in high school a couple years ago when she wrote a research paper on how the Depression affected people of Mexican heritage like her. Gisiger’s paper came to the attention of State Senator Josh Becker and together \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sd13.senate.ca.gov/news/press-release/august-14-2024/legislation-to-memorialize-mexican-repatriation-receives\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">they wrote a bill\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to place a monument at La Placita Park in Los Angeles. “Today we are seeing the same kind of hateful, vile rhetoric coming from political leaders, actually calls for mass deportation,” Becker said. “And I think many people think, oh, that’s just rhetoric that will never happen. We’re here to say this happened in the past and obviously could happen again.” \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2006/01/02/5079627/remembering-californias-repatriation-program\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2006 \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California issued a formal apology for its role in the Mexican Repatriation, acknowledging it violated peoples’ constitutional rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Undocumented Immigrants May Soon Qualify For CA Home Loan Program\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state senate has approved a bill that would expand California’s\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Dream For All program \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to immigrants who are lacking permanent legal status. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1840\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">AB 1840\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> prohibits the California Housing Finance Authority’s home purchase assistance program from disqualifying an applicant based on their immigration status. But California’s Department of Finance \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/california-dream-for-all-undocumented-immigrants-bill-advances/61986509\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">tells KCRA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the program has no money to provide, and with the massive budget shortfall, the legislature and governor failed to appropriate any more funds for the program this year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fresno Democratic Assemblyman Joaquin Arambula, who authored the bill, said applicants still have to meet federal requirements to apply for the loan. He \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/08/26/california-undocumented-immigrants-homes-00176253\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">tells Politico\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “we simply wanted to be as inclusive as possible within our policies so that all who are paying taxes here in our state were able to qualify.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Mass Deportations May Be Unlikely, But It's Happened Before | KQED",
"description": "Here are the morning's top stories on Wednesday, August 28, 2024… A bill making its way through the state legislature in Sacramento would commemorate a little-known chapter of US history: a large-scale deportation of Mexicans – and Mexican-Americans – nearly a century ago that hit California hard. It comes in an election year when mass deportation is again a political topic. Undocumented immigrants may soon qualify for a California program that gives loans to first time, first generation home-buyers. A bill expanding the program - known as The California Dream For All - advanced in the state senate on Tuesday.",
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"headline": "Mass Deportations May Be Unlikely, But It's Happened Before",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Wednesday, August 28, 2024…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sd13.senate.ca.gov/news/press-release/august-14-2024/legislation-to-memorialize-mexican-repatriation-receives\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bill making its way through the state legislature\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Sacramento would commemorate a little-known chapter of US history: a large-scale deportation of Mexicans – and Mexican-Americans – nearly a century ago that hit California hard. It comes in an election year when mass deportation is again a political topic. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Undocumented immigrants \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/08/26/california-undocumented-immigrants-homes-00176253\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">may soon qualify\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for a California program that gives loans to first time, first generation home-buyers. A bill expanding the program – known as The California Dream For All – advanced in the state senate on Tuesday.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>CA Bill Confronts Painful Past Of Forced Deportations \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was known as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/09/08/437579834/mass-deportation-may-sound-unlikely-but-its-happened-before\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the Mexican Repatriation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and it began in 1930, as the Great Depression took hold. President Herbert Hoover announced a plan to ensure “American jobs for real Americans” – implying anyone of Mexican descent was not a “real” American.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Historians say more than a million people were forced to go to Mexico, and more than half of them were American citizens. Some families were coerced into “self-deporting.” Others were rounded up by force, even taken from hospitals. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2024-04-17/la-mexican-americans-deported-audio-tour-olvera-street\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the most notorious incidents was in Los Angeles\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where city police corralled hundreds of people at La Placita Park and put them on trains to Mexico.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tamara Gisiger learned about the deportations in high school a couple years ago when she wrote a research paper on how the Depression affected people of Mexican heritage like her. Gisiger’s paper came to the attention of State Senator Josh Becker and together \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sd13.senate.ca.gov/news/press-release/august-14-2024/legislation-to-memorialize-mexican-repatriation-receives\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">they wrote a bill\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to place a monument at La Placita Park in Los Angeles. “Today we are seeing the same kind of hateful, vile rhetoric coming from political leaders, actually calls for mass deportation,” Becker said. “And I think many people think, oh, that’s just rhetoric that will never happen. We’re here to say this happened in the past and obviously could happen again.” \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2006/01/02/5079627/remembering-californias-repatriation-program\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2006 \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California issued a formal apology for its role in the Mexican Repatriation, acknowledging it violated peoples’ constitutional rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Undocumented Immigrants May Soon Qualify For CA Home Loan Program\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state senate has approved a bill that would expand California’s\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Dream For All program \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to immigrants who are lacking permanent legal status. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
},
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"planet-money": {
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"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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