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Her work has appeared on KQED, KALW, PRI’s The World, and in several food and travel publications.\u003c/p>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0e210438f5dca1b76921ff9f0eada52?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Asal Ehsanipour | KQED","description":"Reporter and Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0e210438f5dca1b76921ff9f0eada52?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0e210438f5dca1b76921ff9f0eada52?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aehsanipour"},"afinney":{"type":"authors","id":"11772","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11772","found":true},"name":"Annelise Finney","firstName":"Annelise","lastName":"Finney","slug":"afinney","email":"afinney@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Weekend Reporter","bio":"Annelise reports on reparations and daily news for the weekend desk. She is also the co-producer the Sunday Music Drop, a radio series featuring Bay Area musicians. She joined KQED in 2021 as a general assignment reporter and is an alumna of KALW's Audio Academy. She was born and raised in the East Bay and holds a B.A. in Urban Studies from Barnard College.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fded66cae47704cdfc5021cde0f3aa4?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sharkfinney","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Annelise Finney | KQED","description":"Weekend Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fded66cae47704cdfc5021cde0f3aa4?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fded66cae47704cdfc5021cde0f3aa4?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/afinney"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11983705":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983705","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983705","score":null,"sort":[1713820161000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"allegations-of-prosecutorial-bias-spark-review-of-death-penalty-convictions-in-alameda-county","title":"Allegations of Prosecutorial Bias Spark Review of Death Penalty Convictions in Alameda County","publishDate":1713820161,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Allegations of Prosecutorial Bias Spark Review of Death Penalty Convictions in Alameda County | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price announced Monday that a federal judge has directed her office to review all death penalty convictions for signs of prosecutorial misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The directive from Judge Vince Chhabria of the U.S. District Court of Northern California comes after evidence indicating Alameda County prosecutors may have excluded Black and Jewish jurors was found in the case of Ernest Dykes, who sits on death row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery of notes highlighting the race and ethnicity of potential jurors in Dykes’ case has led to the latest allegation that prosecutors systematically prevented Black and Jewish residents from serving on death penalty juries in the 1980s and 1990s. The rejection was based on the belief that Black and Jewish jurors were more likely to oppose the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These notes — especially when considered in conjunction with evidence presented in other cases — constitutes strong evidence that, in prior decades, prosecutors from the [Alameda County District Attorney’s office] were engaged in a pattern of serious misconduct, automatically excluding Jewish and African American jurors in death penalty cases,” Judge Chhabria, who will oversee Alameda County’s review, wrote in a Monday court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The misconduct allegations in the county were the subject of a state Supreme Court hearing in 2005. State and federal law bars prosecutors from removing jurors based on race or ethnicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/image-4-1.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983717\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/image-4-1.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of a court document.\" width=\"600\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/image-4-1.png 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/image-4-1-160x145.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. District Court Judge Vince Chhabria lifted his order barring the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office from disclosing records of alleged prosecutorial misconduct in death penalty cases on April 22. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the U.S. District Court of Northern California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Judge Chhabria is very much aware the District Court has reversed a number of convictions based on similar evidence,” Price said. “For too long, prosecutors have not been held to a high standard and have not had accountability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dykes was convicted in 1995 for the murder of 9-year-old Lance Clark and the attempted murder of his grandmother, Bernice Clark, during a robbery at an East Oakland apartment complex. An appeal of his sentence is currently before Judge Chhabria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to data from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, there are currently 37 people on death row who were convicted in Alameda County, including Dykes. Price’s office told KQED it is reviewing 35 cases. The review could lead to resentencing or retrials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 873px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713819445665.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11983714 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713820027956.png\" alt=\"A screenshot image of a handwritten note.\" width=\"873\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713820027956.png 873w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713820027956-800x478.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713820027956-160x96.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 873px) 100vw, 873px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Alameda County District Attorney says the recently discovered 1995 prosecutor’s voir dire notes show a disdain for Black women and a belief they won’t vote for a death sentence. No Black women were selected as jurors in the 1995 trial. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alameda County District Attorney)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Price said one of her deputies found handwritten notes about potential jurors while reviewing Dykes’ case file at the request of Judge Chhabria. Price’s office shared some of these notes with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one example concerning a Black female juror, an unnamed prosecutor wrote, “Says race is no issue, but I don’t believe her.” Another note described a different Black female juror as “short, fat, troll,” and that she “seemed put out my Q’s about the D/P — tried to avoid giving direct answer [sic] a lot of ‘I don’t knows’ — don’t believe she could vote D/P.” The unnamed prosecutor, apparently, used “Q’s” as an abbreviation for questions and “D/P” for the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 684px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.56.13-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983715\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.56.13-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"684\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.56.13-PM.png 684w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.56.13-PM-160x119.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A deputy district attorney in Alameda County found notes from a 1995 trial that show prosecutors highlighting a prospective juror’s Jewish identity. No Jewish jurors were selected to serve as jurors in the trial. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alameda County District Attorney)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other notes appear to document whether the author believed prospective jurors were Jewish, writing at the top of a juror questionnaire, “Jew? Yes.” In notes about another juror, “Banker. Jew?” is followed by “Nice guy — thoughtful but never a strong DP leader — Jewish background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colton Carmine, a former deputy district attorney, was the lead prosecutor in Dykes’ trial. Carmine was assisted in jury selection by former Deputy District Attorney Morris Jacobson, now an Alameda County Superior Court judge. According to Price, it is not clear if the handwriting in the case file belongs to Carmine, Jacobson or someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Black or Jewish jurors heard Dykes’ case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmine could not be reached for comment. Jacobson did not immediately respond to KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The notes appear to indicate a disdain for Black women,” Price said. “The fact that they were singled out in the way in which they are in the notes, and ways that other jurors were not, is very telling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense attorneys for Dykes, who is at the California Health Care Facility, a state prison for incarcerated patients with protracted medical needs, hope the review creates an opportunity to unearth and address a decadeslong problem.[aside postID=\"news_11980987,news_11983091\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been there for 20 years, and it keeps coming up in cases,” said Brian Pomerantz, who represents Dykes as well as two other people on death row after being convicted in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A review of 26 juries conducted by defense attorney Lawrence Gibbs, in conjunction with attorneys for Habeas Corpus Resource Center, found that in death penalty cases between 1984 and 1994, Alameda prosecutors removed every single juror who identified themselves as Jewish and nearly 90% of jurors with apparent Jewish surnames as long as they still had peremptory strikes available to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidence of systematic removal of Black female and Jewish jurors has led to at least three people convicted in Alameda County being resentenced and is at issue in at least three pending Alameda death penalty appeals, including Dykes’. The allegation was the focus of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-19-me-jewish19-story.html\">2005 state Supreme Court hearing\u003c/a> in which Carmine testified that prosecutors were trained to exclude Jewish jurors. The Supreme Court rejected misconduct claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This should not be the legacy of this office,” Price told KQED. “The prosecutors who participated in this practice — if we determine that they did, in fact, have this practice — undermined the conviction integrity of every one of these cases, and now the victims, the witnesses, and the defendants have to bear the brunt of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review began a month ago. Price said her office has begun outreach to the survivors and victims of crimes that resulted in death penalty sentences. Her office also created a hotline for people with questions about the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s outrageous. When you have this kind of misconduct, it impacts them first and foremost because they have been misled,” Price said. “We have to be mindful of the impact that this has on them, and address their needs as well as balancing the right of every defendant to a fair trial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a moratorium on death sentences. Earlier this month, Santa Clara District Attorney Jeff Rosen announced he would \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-04/santa-clara-county-da-death-penalty-cases\">resentence all 15 people with death row convictions in the county\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In statewide referendums in 2012 and 2016, approximately 60% of Alameda County residents voted in favor of ending the state’s death penalty. The propositions failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a group of legal advocates led by the Office of the State Public Defender \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/california-death-penalty-lawsuit-19392576.php\">asked the state Supreme Court\u003c/a> to “bar the prosecution, imposition and execution of death sentences” because the death penalty is disproportionately applied to people of color in California. According to \u003ca href=\"https://statecourtreport.org/sites/default/files/2024-04/california-state-public-defender-petition-for-stays-of-execution.pdf\">their court filings\u003c/a>, Black defendants are roughly nine times more likely to be sentenced to death than defendants of all other races, in part because of the exclusion of people of color from juries, they argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.clrc.ca.gov/CRPC/Pub/Reports/CRPC_DPR.pdf\">2021 report\u003c/a> by the Committee on the Revision of the Penal Code found that between 2010-2020 Alameda juries sent three people to death row. All three are Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price said her office plans to review each case separately. The review may be expanded to include other types of convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will follow the string or the trail wherever it leads,” Price told KQED. “We will not cover this up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The Alameda County District Attorney created a hotline for victims and survivors impacted by death penalty cases. The office can be reached by phone at 510-208-9555 or by email at shawn.mitchell@acgov.org.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The discovery of notes highlighting the race and ethnicity of potential jurors led to the latest allegation that prosecutors prevented Black and Jewish residents from serving on death penalty juries.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713900376,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1447},"headData":{"title":"Allegations of Prosecutorial Bias Spark Review of Death Penalty Convictions in Alameda County | KQED","description":"The discovery of notes highlighting the race and ethnicity of potential jurors led to the latest allegation that prosecutors prevented Black and Jewish residents from serving on death penalty juries.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Allegations of Prosecutorial Bias Spark Review of Death Penalty Convictions in Alameda County","datePublished":"2024-04-22T21:09:21.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-23T19:26:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983705/allegations-of-prosecutorial-bias-spark-review-of-death-penalty-convictions-in-alameda-county","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price announced Monday that a federal judge has directed her office to review all death penalty convictions for signs of prosecutorial misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The directive from Judge Vince Chhabria of the U.S. District Court of Northern California comes after evidence indicating Alameda County prosecutors may have excluded Black and Jewish jurors was found in the case of Ernest Dykes, who sits on death row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery of notes highlighting the race and ethnicity of potential jurors in Dykes’ case has led to the latest allegation that prosecutors systematically prevented Black and Jewish residents from serving on death penalty juries in the 1980s and 1990s. The rejection was based on the belief that Black and Jewish jurors were more likely to oppose the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These notes — especially when considered in conjunction with evidence presented in other cases — constitutes strong evidence that, in prior decades, prosecutors from the [Alameda County District Attorney’s office] were engaged in a pattern of serious misconduct, automatically excluding Jewish and African American jurors in death penalty cases,” Judge Chhabria, who will oversee Alameda County’s review, wrote in a Monday court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The misconduct allegations in the county were the subject of a state Supreme Court hearing in 2005. State and federal law bars prosecutors from removing jurors based on race or ethnicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/image-4-1.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983717\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/image-4-1.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of a court document.\" width=\"600\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/image-4-1.png 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/image-4-1-160x145.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. District Court Judge Vince Chhabria lifted his order barring the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office from disclosing records of alleged prosecutorial misconduct in death penalty cases on April 22. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the U.S. District Court of Northern California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Judge Chhabria is very much aware the District Court has reversed a number of convictions based on similar evidence,” Price said. “For too long, prosecutors have not been held to a high standard and have not had accountability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dykes was convicted in 1995 for the murder of 9-year-old Lance Clark and the attempted murder of his grandmother, Bernice Clark, during a robbery at an East Oakland apartment complex. An appeal of his sentence is currently before Judge Chhabria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to data from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, there are currently 37 people on death row who were convicted in Alameda County, including Dykes. Price’s office told KQED it is reviewing 35 cases. The review could lead to resentencing or retrials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 873px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713819445665.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11983714 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713820027956.png\" alt=\"A screenshot image of a handwritten note.\" width=\"873\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713820027956.png 873w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713820027956-800x478.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.55.58-PM-e1713820027956-160x96.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 873px) 100vw, 873px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Alameda County District Attorney says the recently discovered 1995 prosecutor’s voir dire notes show a disdain for Black women and a belief they won’t vote for a death sentence. No Black women were selected as jurors in the 1995 trial. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alameda County District Attorney)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Price said one of her deputies found handwritten notes about potential jurors while reviewing Dykes’ case file at the request of Judge Chhabria. Price’s office shared some of these notes with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one example concerning a Black female juror, an unnamed prosecutor wrote, “Says race is no issue, but I don’t believe her.” Another note described a different Black female juror as “short, fat, troll,” and that she “seemed put out my Q’s about the D/P — tried to avoid giving direct answer [sic] a lot of ‘I don’t knows’ — don’t believe she could vote D/P.” The unnamed prosecutor, apparently, used “Q’s” as an abbreviation for questions and “D/P” for the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 684px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.56.13-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983715\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.56.13-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"684\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.56.13-PM.png 684w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-22-at-1.56.13-PM-160x119.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A deputy district attorney in Alameda County found notes from a 1995 trial that show prosecutors highlighting a prospective juror’s Jewish identity. No Jewish jurors were selected to serve as jurors in the trial. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alameda County District Attorney)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other notes appear to document whether the author believed prospective jurors were Jewish, writing at the top of a juror questionnaire, “Jew? Yes.” In notes about another juror, “Banker. Jew?” is followed by “Nice guy — thoughtful but never a strong DP leader — Jewish background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colton Carmine, a former deputy district attorney, was the lead prosecutor in Dykes’ trial. Carmine was assisted in jury selection by former Deputy District Attorney Morris Jacobson, now an Alameda County Superior Court judge. According to Price, it is not clear if the handwriting in the case file belongs to Carmine, Jacobson or someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Black or Jewish jurors heard Dykes’ case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmine could not be reached for comment. Jacobson did not immediately respond to KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The notes appear to indicate a disdain for Black women,” Price said. “The fact that they were singled out in the way in which they are in the notes, and ways that other jurors were not, is very telling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense attorneys for Dykes, who is at the California Health Care Facility, a state prison for incarcerated patients with protracted medical needs, hope the review creates an opportunity to unearth and address a decadeslong problem.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11980987,news_11983091","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been there for 20 years, and it keeps coming up in cases,” said Brian Pomerantz, who represents Dykes as well as two other people on death row after being convicted in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A review of 26 juries conducted by defense attorney Lawrence Gibbs, in conjunction with attorneys for Habeas Corpus Resource Center, found that in death penalty cases between 1984 and 1994, Alameda prosecutors removed every single juror who identified themselves as Jewish and nearly 90% of jurors with apparent Jewish surnames as long as they still had peremptory strikes available to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidence of systematic removal of Black female and Jewish jurors has led to at least three people convicted in Alameda County being resentenced and is at issue in at least three pending Alameda death penalty appeals, including Dykes’. The allegation was the focus of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-19-me-jewish19-story.html\">2005 state Supreme Court hearing\u003c/a> in which Carmine testified that prosecutors were trained to exclude Jewish jurors. The Supreme Court rejected misconduct claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This should not be the legacy of this office,” Price told KQED. “The prosecutors who participated in this practice — if we determine that they did, in fact, have this practice — undermined the conviction integrity of every one of these cases, and now the victims, the witnesses, and the defendants have to bear the brunt of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review began a month ago. Price said her office has begun outreach to the survivors and victims of crimes that resulted in death penalty sentences. Her office also created a hotline for people with questions about the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s outrageous. When you have this kind of misconduct, it impacts them first and foremost because they have been misled,” Price said. “We have to be mindful of the impact that this has on them, and address their needs as well as balancing the right of every defendant to a fair trial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a moratorium on death sentences. Earlier this month, Santa Clara District Attorney Jeff Rosen announced he would \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-04/santa-clara-county-da-death-penalty-cases\">resentence all 15 people with death row convictions in the county\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In statewide referendums in 2012 and 2016, approximately 60% of Alameda County residents voted in favor of ending the state’s death penalty. The propositions failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a group of legal advocates led by the Office of the State Public Defender \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/california-death-penalty-lawsuit-19392576.php\">asked the state Supreme Court\u003c/a> to “bar the prosecution, imposition and execution of death sentences” because the death penalty is disproportionately applied to people of color in California. According to \u003ca href=\"https://statecourtreport.org/sites/default/files/2024-04/california-state-public-defender-petition-for-stays-of-execution.pdf\">their court filings\u003c/a>, Black defendants are roughly nine times more likely to be sentenced to death than defendants of all other races, in part because of the exclusion of people of color from juries, they argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.clrc.ca.gov/CRPC/Pub/Reports/CRPC_DPR.pdf\">2021 report\u003c/a> by the Committee on the Revision of the Penal Code found that between 2010-2020 Alameda juries sent three people to death row. All three are Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price said her office plans to review each case separately. The review may be expanded to include other types of convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will follow the string or the trail wherever it leads,” Price told KQED. “We will not cover this up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The Alameda County District Attorney created a hotline for victims and survivors impacted by death penalty cases. The office can be reached by phone at 510-208-9555 or by email at shawn.mitchell@acgov.org.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983705/allegations-of-prosecutorial-bias-spark-review-of-death-penalty-convictions-in-alameda-county","authors":["11772"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_23318","news_18282","news_27626","news_20310","news_24461","news_25944"],"featImg":"news_11983711","label":"news"},"news_11960814":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11960814","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11960814","score":null,"sort":[1694553010000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","title":"'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban","publishDate":1694553010,"format":"standard","headTitle":"‘I Lost Everything’: California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>For months, photographer Merrick Morton seemed like he was playing whack-a-mole as he tried to get a hold of someone at Meta’s Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform repeatedly took down his photo archive depicting the lives of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles during the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experience, once again, left him trying to navigate the best way to get his photography restored on the site, mainly with help from his contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton said his account, @MerrickMortonPhoto, has been taken down three times by Instagram moderators. That is, until last week when it was permanently disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time, he was notified via email that his account would no longer be active, and with that, he lost more than 60,000 followers that he had cultivated for over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden, one day, I lost everything,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His archive had more than 500 historic photographs, mostly in black and white, that captured images of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11960659 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing sunglasses stands with his hands in his pockets\" width=\"800\" height=\"911\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-160x182.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wolfe’ from El Hoyo Maravilla, a Mexican American street gang, in East Los Angeles, 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the notices Morton received from Instagram, one stated that his photos violated its community guidelines on violence or dangerous organizations. Those guidelines state that Instagram is “… not a place to support or praise, terrorism, organized crime, or hate groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Meta’s press office multiple times through email to request comment. Meta did not respond in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton bristles at the idea that his photography belongs in the same category as terrorist organizations and hate groups like white supremacists. He defines his work as “fine art” and says his images have been displayed in many art galleries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it’s also journalism. His work on street gangs has been published internationally. Morton’s goal is that he wants his photographs available to archivists, students, activists and historians. It captures a unique time and place in Southern California that the mainstream media has mostly ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m the only photographer in the ’80s who had the cholo culture, who also captured the Black culture and also captured the interactions with the police and these communities,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen how his photographs provoke discussions about ending the deadly warfare between rival street gangs in Los Angeles. His photos also raise questions about the fraught relationship between the police and the communities they patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But someone — or some machine — has decided these historic snapshots needed to come down, and Morton can’t get an explanation from Meta, Instagram’s parent company. These experiences have left Morton to wonder if the problem stems from the skin tone of the people he features.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making community and connections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Instagram took down his photos, Morton was building relationships with the friends and families of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had people communicating with me through Instagram. Family members, I was getting back to them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, he reconnected with Charles “Bear” Spratley whom he met on the set of the 1988 movie \u003cem>Colors.\u003c/em> Directed by Dennis Hopper, the film starred Robert Duvall as a Los Angeles Police Department veteran at odds with his rookie partner, Sean Penn, over how to manage their relationships with the Black and cholo street gangs whose territory they patrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960664\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg\" alt=\"A screen shot of a photo of a man wearing sunglasses surrounded by other people making signs with their hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-160x277.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Dennis Hopper surrounded by East Coast Crips\u003cbr>on the set of his film ‘Colors.’ This photograph was taken down by Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spratley was an active member of the 89 East Coast Crips during filming. Through Morton, he was hired as an extra and received on-screen credit for working in the art department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Spratley found Morton on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been looking for a way to get in touch with whoever was involved in those pictures for years. They were memories for us, you know,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once reunited, Morton learned that many of Spratley’s friends, whom Morton had met and photographed for \u003cem>Colors,\u003c/em> had died on the streets. According to Spratley, the ones who are still alive have left gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these guys, if they made it through living, they are changed. They have changed their lives,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After attending hundreds of funerals for young men from his community, Spratley founded an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyla.org/\">B.A.B.Y.\u003c/a>, or Brothers Against Banging Youth, that works to prevent young people from joining gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, who currently earns a living as a set photographer for film and television, has helped Spratley find union entertainment jobs for young men who have gone through B.A.B.Y.’s programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Algorithmic bias in content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Morton, Instagram at its best connects people, challenges systems and creates opportunities. But at its worst, it perpetuates social biases against people of color. He suspects his photographs were swept up by artificial intelligence applications because of the skin color of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove his point, Morton cites this side-by-side comparison: On the left, is a photograph he took that was removed by Instagram. On the right, is a photograph of the Hells Angels, a group that federal law enforcement calls “a criminal threat on six different continents.” The Anti-Defamation League has linked them to white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960666\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960666\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shots from two different Instagram accounts: outlawarchive of the left and marrickmortonphoto on the right.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-800x422.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1020x538.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1920x1013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OutlawArchive (right) is currently up on Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a machine moderates content, it evaluates text and images as data using an algorithm that has been trained on existing data sets. The process for selecting training data has come under fire as it’s been shown to have racial, gender and other biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joy Buolamwini, a digital activist at the MIT Media Lab, has written that facial analysis software was unable to recognize her until she put on a white mask. She further demonstrated how artificial intelligence had trouble identifying three famous Black women: Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams and Michelle Obama. Obama, for instance, was identified by artificial intelligence as a young man with a toupee in this \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buolamwini argued that “when technology denigrates even these iconic women, it is time to re-examine how these systems are built and who they truly serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The pitfalls of content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite his account being permanently banned, Morton believes that if he could get in touch with an actual human being at Instagram, he could explain why his archive should remain accessible to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did, however, manage to locate someone through his network who knew someone who worked at Instagram, and his original account was restored then. Once his images were back, Morton received a brief apology email from the Facebook Team on behalf of Instagram. (Meta owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and more.) [aside label='More on Artificial Intelligence' tag='artificial-intelligence'] But, since the latest ban on his account in March, Morton has been unable to get through to someone at Instagram to plead his case once again. Since then, he filed an appeal but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jessica González of the nonprofit Freepress.net, is a watchdog for Meta’s content moderation practices. She said she has observed differential treatment across the social media platform, depending on the race of the subject in the image in question or who posted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color,” she said. “While similar content by and about white people remains up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During recent national elections, González noted that neither Instagram nor Facebook managed to keep hate speech and violent organizing off of their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve raised this with Meta many times leading up to the 2020 election and the 2022 midterms,” González said. “We had militia groups not just posting pictures with guns, or that seemed to be promoting violence, but actually organizing violent rallies, calling for people to bring guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an estimated 2.3 billion worldwide users, Instagram cannot sift through its sheer volume of content using human moderators. Artificial intelligence can be used to make the “first cut” before actual human beings take a second look. Human reviewers, however, have their own biases, and some may struggle with prolonged exposure to harsh images. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica González, attorney, nonprofit Freepress.net\"]‘We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color. While similar content by and about white people remains up.’[/pullquote] Brian Fishman led the team at Facebook that removed hate organizations and terrorist groups from its platform. He now runs Cinder, a trust and safety company that builds custom content moderation tools. He said he believes that making the internet safe requires nuanced thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are circumstances where AI is actually more accurate in some circumstances than human reviewers, but there’s also plenty of examples where that’s not the case,” he said. “We know that AI misses things, and calculating that risk and understanding what that risk may be is really difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to acknowledge that many AI scientists are just beginning to understand how to manage this powerful new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily just want to suck up everything, they want to be able to understand whether they are inadvertently introducing bias into their models based on the training data that they have selected originally,” Fishman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, in the meantime, created an alternate Instagram account, but has only gained about half of his original followers back. He said he hopes to keep the new archive up and fly under the content-moderation radar for as long as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel it’s important because the public has the right to know. People in these communities have the right to see these images,” Morton said. “Educators have the right to see these images. Curators and fine artists have the right to see these images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An LA-based photographer says his Instagram account that documents 1980s cholo and African American street culture has been banned repeatedly due to racial bias.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694553811,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1742},"headData":{"title":"'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban | KQED","description":"An LA-based photographer says his Instagram account that documents 1980s cholo and African American street culture has been banned repeatedly due to racial bias.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban","datePublished":"2023-09-12T21:10:10.000Z","dateModified":"2023-09-12T21:23:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/a346cf1e-4a87-4ecd-9476-b07a010b2b30/audio.mp3","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/\">Beth Tribolet\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11960814/i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For months, photographer Merrick Morton seemed like he was playing whack-a-mole as he tried to get a hold of someone at Meta’s Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform repeatedly took down his photo archive depicting the lives of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles during the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experience, once again, left him trying to navigate the best way to get his photography restored on the site, mainly with help from his contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton said his account, @MerrickMortonPhoto, has been taken down three times by Instagram moderators. That is, until last week when it was permanently disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time, he was notified via email that his account would no longer be active, and with that, he lost more than 60,000 followers that he had cultivated for over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden, one day, I lost everything,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His archive had more than 500 historic photographs, mostly in black and white, that captured images of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11960659 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing sunglasses stands with his hands in his pockets\" width=\"800\" height=\"911\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-160x182.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wolfe’ from El Hoyo Maravilla, a Mexican American street gang, in East Los Angeles, 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the notices Morton received from Instagram, one stated that his photos violated its community guidelines on violence or dangerous organizations. Those guidelines state that Instagram is “… not a place to support or praise, terrorism, organized crime, or hate groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Meta’s press office multiple times through email to request comment. Meta did not respond in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton bristles at the idea that his photography belongs in the same category as terrorist organizations and hate groups like white supremacists. He defines his work as “fine art” and says his images have been displayed in many art galleries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it’s also journalism. His work on street gangs has been published internationally. Morton’s goal is that he wants his photographs available to archivists, students, activists and historians. It captures a unique time and place in Southern California that the mainstream media has mostly ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m the only photographer in the ’80s who had the cholo culture, who also captured the Black culture and also captured the interactions with the police and these communities,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen how his photographs provoke discussions about ending the deadly warfare between rival street gangs in Los Angeles. His photos also raise questions about the fraught relationship between the police and the communities they patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But someone — or some machine — has decided these historic snapshots needed to come down, and Morton can’t get an explanation from Meta, Instagram’s parent company. These experiences have left Morton to wonder if the problem stems from the skin tone of the people he features.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making community and connections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Instagram took down his photos, Morton was building relationships with the friends and families of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had people communicating with me through Instagram. Family members, I was getting back to them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, he reconnected with Charles “Bear” Spratley whom he met on the set of the 1988 movie \u003cem>Colors.\u003c/em> Directed by Dennis Hopper, the film starred Robert Duvall as a Los Angeles Police Department veteran at odds with his rookie partner, Sean Penn, over how to manage their relationships with the Black and cholo street gangs whose territory they patrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960664\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg\" alt=\"A screen shot of a photo of a man wearing sunglasses surrounded by other people making signs with their hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-160x277.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Dennis Hopper surrounded by East Coast Crips\u003cbr>on the set of his film ‘Colors.’ This photograph was taken down by Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spratley was an active member of the 89 East Coast Crips during filming. Through Morton, he was hired as an extra and received on-screen credit for working in the art department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Spratley found Morton on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been looking for a way to get in touch with whoever was involved in those pictures for years. They were memories for us, you know,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once reunited, Morton learned that many of Spratley’s friends, whom Morton had met and photographed for \u003cem>Colors,\u003c/em> had died on the streets. According to Spratley, the ones who are still alive have left gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these guys, if they made it through living, they are changed. They have changed their lives,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After attending hundreds of funerals for young men from his community, Spratley founded an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyla.org/\">B.A.B.Y.\u003c/a>, or Brothers Against Banging Youth, that works to prevent young people from joining gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, who currently earns a living as a set photographer for film and television, has helped Spratley find union entertainment jobs for young men who have gone through B.A.B.Y.’s programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Algorithmic bias in content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Morton, Instagram at its best connects people, challenges systems and creates opportunities. But at its worst, it perpetuates social biases against people of color. He suspects his photographs were swept up by artificial intelligence applications because of the skin color of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove his point, Morton cites this side-by-side comparison: On the left, is a photograph he took that was removed by Instagram. On the right, is a photograph of the Hells Angels, a group that federal law enforcement calls “a criminal threat on six different continents.” The Anti-Defamation League has linked them to white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960666\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960666\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shots from two different Instagram accounts: outlawarchive of the left and marrickmortonphoto on the right.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-800x422.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1020x538.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1920x1013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OutlawArchive (right) is currently up on Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a machine moderates content, it evaluates text and images as data using an algorithm that has been trained on existing data sets. The process for selecting training data has come under fire as it’s been shown to have racial, gender and other biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joy Buolamwini, a digital activist at the MIT Media Lab, has written that facial analysis software was unable to recognize her until she put on a white mask. She further demonstrated how artificial intelligence had trouble identifying three famous Black women: Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams and Michelle Obama. Obama, for instance, was identified by artificial intelligence as a young man with a toupee in this \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buolamwini argued that “when technology denigrates even these iconic women, it is time to re-examine how these systems are built and who they truly serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The pitfalls of content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite his account being permanently banned, Morton believes that if he could get in touch with an actual human being at Instagram, he could explain why his archive should remain accessible to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did, however, manage to locate someone through his network who knew someone who worked at Instagram, and his original account was restored then. Once his images were back, Morton received a brief apology email from the Facebook Team on behalf of Instagram. (Meta owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and more.) \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Artificial Intelligence ","tag":"artificial-intelligence"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> But, since the latest ban on his account in March, Morton has been unable to get through to someone at Instagram to plead his case once again. Since then, he filed an appeal but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jessica González of the nonprofit Freepress.net, is a watchdog for Meta’s content moderation practices. She said she has observed differential treatment across the social media platform, depending on the race of the subject in the image in question or who posted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color,” she said. “While similar content by and about white people remains up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During recent national elections, González noted that neither Instagram nor Facebook managed to keep hate speech and violent organizing off of their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve raised this with Meta many times leading up to the 2020 election and the 2022 midterms,” González said. “We had militia groups not just posting pictures with guns, or that seemed to be promoting violence, but actually organizing violent rallies, calling for people to bring guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an estimated 2.3 billion worldwide users, Instagram cannot sift through its sheer volume of content using human moderators. Artificial intelligence can be used to make the “first cut” before actual human beings take a second look. Human reviewers, however, have their own biases, and some may struggle with prolonged exposure to harsh images. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color. While similar content by and about white people remains up.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jessica González, attorney, nonprofit Freepress.net","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Brian Fishman led the team at Facebook that removed hate organizations and terrorist groups from its platform. He now runs Cinder, a trust and safety company that builds custom content moderation tools. He said he believes that making the internet safe requires nuanced thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are circumstances where AI is actually more accurate in some circumstances than human reviewers, but there’s also plenty of examples where that’s not the case,” he said. “We know that AI misses things, and calculating that risk and understanding what that risk may be is really difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to acknowledge that many AI scientists are just beginning to understand how to manage this powerful new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily just want to suck up everything, they want to be able to understand whether they are inadvertently introducing bias into their models based on the training data that they have selected originally,” Fishman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, in the meantime, created an alternate Instagram account, but has only gained about half of his original followers back. He said he hopes to keep the new archive up and fly under the content-moderation radar for as long as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel it’s important because the public has the right to know. People in these communities have the right to see these images,” Morton said. “Educators have the right to see these images. Curators and fine artists have the right to see these images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11960814/i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","authors":["byline_news_11960814"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_25184","news_2114","news_19133","news_18538","news_22973","news_249","news_86","news_33172","news_2451","news_4","news_30214","news_25944","news_5022"],"featImg":"news_11960658","label":"news"},"news_11818409":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11818409","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11818409","score":null,"sort":[1645833781000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-the-founder-of-californias-first-black-church-fought-its-last-known-slavery-case","title":"How the Founder of California's First Black Church Fought Its Last Known Slavery Case","publishDate":1645833781,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876194/first-in-the-us-californias-task-force-on-reparations-looks-at-harms-of-slavery\">California launched the first-in-the-nation statewide task force to study reparations for Black people\u003c/a>, with special consideration for descendants of those enslaved in the United States. Even though California entered the union as a slavery-free state in 1850, that didn’t mean slavery didn’t exist here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As gold rush prospectors flooded the state, enslaved Black people were sometimes imported to work in the mines. And even Black people who entered the state free from bondage didn't always stay free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, California law allowed so-called \"slave catchers\" to abduct free Black people and take them to slave states, and sanctioned the reenslavement of Black people freed by their enslavers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">we continue to cover the push for reparations\u003c/a>, we’re diving back into the history of the very last case of the enslavement of Black people in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]This is the story of California’s last known slavery case, the state’s first Black church and how they converge with the unknown history of a free laundryman named Daniel Blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Celebrating California's first Black church\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Good morning, St. Andrews,” called out Rev. Philip R. Cousin Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Sunday morning in late January, the church pews at \u003ca href=\"http://standrewsame.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church\u003c/a> were filled with worshipers. Many have been attending St. Andrews — the first African American church on the west coast — for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“St. Andrew's is the best kept secret in the entire city of Sacramento,” said Cousin. “We were organized prior to statehood, so that gives us a bit of a foothold here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church was established in 1850 by free men and former enslaved people who had recently arrived in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that was done was to establish a community,” said Cousin. “And at the center of that community is always a church.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>St. Andrews was founded by Daniel Blue, who was formerly enslaved in Kentucky. He settled in California, made a fortune mining on the Sacramento River, and subsequently opened a laundry. With this wealth, he bought a house next door to California’s pro-slavery governor, Peter Hardeman Burnett. Blue held St. Andrews’ first service in his own basement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818589\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 286px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11818589\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-800x928.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-800x928.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-160x186.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-1020x1183.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A portrait of Daniel Blue hanging on the walls of St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church. \u003ccite>(Asal Ehsanipour/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blue catapulted the church into ground zero for anti-slavery and social justice activism. Out of St. Andrews, Blue and his wife, Lucinda, opened a school for Black, Native American and Asian American children, even soliciting donations from the public when the state refused to fund it. In November 1855, St. Andrews hosted the \u003ca href=\"https://omeka.coloredconventions.org/files/original/e2ddec1776e38c21ee7782d6b4d96eba.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first statewide convention of the California Colored Citizens\u003c/a> to develop strategies for legislation to advance the rights of people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Sacramento, St. Andrews was able to pull together a coalition of people of color and say, ‘Look, we can go to the court and demand these rights,’” said Cousin. “‘We can go to the state and demand to be counted as citizens.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the first Black church in California, St. Andrews imbued its anti-slavery values to other African Methodist Episcopal churches around the state. It all started with Daniel Blue, whose influence on California state history was revolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Blue left another indelible, albeit lesser known mark on state history: He freed California’s last known slave.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Discovering California's last known slavery case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 283px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11818592\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-354x472.jpg 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original court records of Daniel Blue's petition to free Edith from enslavement are located at the Center for Sacramento History. \u003ccite>(Asal Ehsanipour/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edith was a 12-year-old enslaved girl brought to rural Sacramento from Missouri in 1863. Shortly after, Edith was illegally purchased by Walter Gammon, a local farmer from Tennessee. According to court testimonies, witnesses said Gammon beat the young girl and left her without care or necessary clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Edith’s plight got back to Blue, who was a leader in Sacramento’s African American community. On Feb. 29, 1864 he filed a writ of habeas corpus in the county court, forcing Gammon to bring Edith to the judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gammon responded that Edith stayed with him “of her own free will and choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Gammon, Blue requested that the judge grant him legal guardianship of Edith. The judge ruled in Blue’s favor, citing the slaveholder had “unlawfully and illegally detained and restrained” Edith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the last known slavery case in California’s history, 15 years after California entered the union as a free state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The persistence of slavery in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“[This story] shows us the persistence of enslavement in California,” said Stacey Smith, an associate professor of history at Oregon State University, who has written extensively on this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, there is no evidence of how Blue discovered Edith, who was isolated in the rural outskirts of Sacramento. Smith attributes Edith’s freedom to the grapevine networks among local African Americans — like those who attended St. Andrews, which had become the focal point of Black political life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's astounding that African Americans were able to infiltrate the household of Walter Gammon, figure out that Edith was there [as] a slave, figure out that she was being abused, and bring the case to the state courts to liberate her from enslavement,” said Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing Edith’s case to the courts wouldn’t have even been possible until 1863, because of a law prohibiting African American, Chinese, and Native American testimony in cases involving white defendants and plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rev. Philip R. Cousin Jr.\"]'We keep our founders' heritage alive by keeping the flames burning of what impassioned them, because those values don't wear out.'[/pullquote]Daniel Blue filed his probate case immediately after the law was lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's pretty clear there are Black witnesses who talk about the treatment of Edith under the care of Walter Gammon,” Smith continued. “They probably wouldn't have been able to testify had that law still been on the books.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, laws like these were not uncommon as California’s pro-slavery legislators used their power to uphold pro-slavery attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California did have a large pro-slavery population,” said Smith. “Pro-slavery southerners made up a surprising number of the immigrants that came overland to mine gold in the Gold Rush.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these Southerners brought enslaved people to work in the mines. To protect the rights of slaveholders, California enacted its own version of the Fugitive Slave Act, which prohibited enslaved people from escaping their masters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White Californians were perhaps uninterested in establishing slavery in California, according to Smith. Rather, they sought to maintain slaveholder rights while eliminating competition for economic advancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The West really was meant to be a paradise for free white workers,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the 1850s and 1860s, white legislators enacted \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/hs/im/didyouknow1.asp\">a series of laws\u003c/a> to suppress the advancement of people of color. A vast majority of African Americans in California were manual laborers. Many of them drove carts, painted fences, or were domestic servants. Most were unable to buy land or ascend socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Blue, on the other hand, accomplished both. Known as “Uncle Daniel,” the former slave became a well-respected figure in the Sacramento community. Admired by people from all backgrounds, Blue used his unprecedented influence to champion not only other African Americans, but all people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Daniel Blue's enduring legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the Center for Sacramento History, archivist Kim Hayden pulled out a leatherbound newspaper from the dusty archives. She was looking for Daniel Blue’s obituary, titled “An Old Man Gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obituary begins: “Daniel Blue, a colored citizen known to all the people of Sacramento and who died suddenly this week in the eighty ninth year of his age, was one of the most familiar figures on Sacramento streets for over a quarter of a century. He is to be buried tomorrow for Sacramento. And to have said he did not know Uncle Daniel Blue was to argue his ignorance of the city and its people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obituary described Daniel Blue’s accomplishments, intellect, and how he was beloved by Black and white people alike — but there was no mention of Edith or Blue’s involvement in setting her free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Smith, there is evidence that Edith had a happy ending. The 1870 census listed a woman in Sacramento named Adda, Edith’s nickname. She was 19 years old, the same age Edith would have been. The census said she married an African American man, and they had a one-year-old son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818602\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11818602\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-1020x724.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Andrews was founded in 1850, several months before California entered the union. The current building is now recognized as a State Historic Landmark.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edith or Blue’s living descendants weren't reachable for this story, but it is apparent that Blue’s legacy lives on with St. Andrews and its community of worshippers — even during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/st.andrews1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hosting\u003c/a> virtual bible study and church services every week, after closing its doors due to California's shelter-in-place order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11790005,news_11789158,news_11701126\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]“We keep our founders' heritage alive by keeping the flames burning of what impassioned them, because those values don't wear out,” Cousin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Cousin’s leadership, the congregation is carrying out Blue’s vision of community, education and social action. Now, he says, the focus is on voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever we do out there is an expression of what we have learned and professed to believe in here,” said Cousin. “We encourage everyone to participate at every level in the life of the community. Certainly that means exercising their right to vote, particularly since that is not a right that has been ours for a very long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cousin says voting is the antithesis of standing around and waiting for something to happen. Voting is taking action — much like establishing the first Black church in California, or adopting a little girl out of slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on May 16, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported as part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldchainsca.org\">Gold Chains: The Hidden History of Slavery in California\u003c/a>. The project aims to lift up the voices of courageous African American and Native American individuals who challenged their brutal treatment and demanded their civil rights, inspiring us with their ingenuity, resilience, and tenacity. Gold Chains is a collaboration between KQED, the ACLU of Northern CA, the California Historical Society, Laura Atkins, and the Equal Justice Society.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Daniel Blue was a free laundryman who established the first Black church on the west coast. But Blue left another indelible, albeit lesser known mark on state history: He freed California’s last known slave.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1645835784,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":1873},"headData":{"title":"How the Founder of California's First Black Church Fought Its Last Known Slavery Case | KQED","description":"Daniel Blue was a free laundryman who established the first Black church on the west coast. But Blue left another indelible, albeit lesser known mark on state history: He freed California’s last known slave.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How the Founder of California's First Black Church Fought Its Last Known Slavery Case","datePublished":"2022-02-26T00:03:01.000Z","dateModified":"2022-02-26T00:36:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11818409 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11818409","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/02/25/how-the-founder-of-californias-first-black-church-fought-its-last-known-slavery-case/","disqusTitle":"How the Founder of California's First Black Church Fought Its Last Known Slavery Case","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/9ee47958-5870-4c31-b06c-ae4701872e65/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11818409/how-the-founder-of-californias-first-black-church-fought-its-last-known-slavery-case","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876194/first-in-the-us-californias-task-force-on-reparations-looks-at-harms-of-slavery\">California launched the first-in-the-nation statewide task force to study reparations for Black people\u003c/a>, with special consideration for descendants of those enslaved in the United States. Even though California entered the union as a slavery-free state in 1850, that didn’t mean slavery didn’t exist here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As gold rush prospectors flooded the state, enslaved Black people were sometimes imported to work in the mines. And even Black people who entered the state free from bondage didn't always stay free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, California law allowed so-called \"slave catchers\" to abduct free Black people and take them to slave states, and sanctioned the reenslavement of Black people freed by their enslavers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">we continue to cover the push for reparations\u003c/a>, we’re diving back into the history of the very last case of the enslavement of Black people in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Reparations in California ","link1":"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This is the story of California’s last known slavery case, the state’s first Black church and how they converge with the unknown history of a free laundryman named Daniel Blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Celebrating California's first Black church\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Good morning, St. Andrews,” called out Rev. Philip R. Cousin Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Sunday morning in late January, the church pews at \u003ca href=\"http://standrewsame.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church\u003c/a> were filled with worshipers. Many have been attending St. Andrews — the first African American church on the west coast — for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“St. Andrew's is the best kept secret in the entire city of Sacramento,” said Cousin. “We were organized prior to statehood, so that gives us a bit of a foothold here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church was established in 1850 by free men and former enslaved people who had recently arrived in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that was done was to establish a community,” said Cousin. “And at the center of that community is always a church.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>St. Andrews was founded by Daniel Blue, who was formerly enslaved in Kentucky. He settled in California, made a fortune mining on the Sacramento River, and subsequently opened a laundry. With this wealth, he bought a house next door to California’s pro-slavery governor, Peter Hardeman Burnett. Blue held St. Andrews’ first service in his own basement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818589\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 286px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11818589\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-800x928.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-800x928.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-160x186.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-1020x1183.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A portrait of Daniel Blue hanging on the walls of St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church. \u003ccite>(Asal Ehsanipour/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blue catapulted the church into ground zero for anti-slavery and social justice activism. Out of St. Andrews, Blue and his wife, Lucinda, opened a school for Black, Native American and Asian American children, even soliciting donations from the public when the state refused to fund it. In November 1855, St. Andrews hosted the \u003ca href=\"https://omeka.coloredconventions.org/files/original/e2ddec1776e38c21ee7782d6b4d96eba.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first statewide convention of the California Colored Citizens\u003c/a> to develop strategies for legislation to advance the rights of people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Sacramento, St. Andrews was able to pull together a coalition of people of color and say, ‘Look, we can go to the court and demand these rights,’” said Cousin. “‘We can go to the state and demand to be counted as citizens.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the first Black church in California, St. Andrews imbued its anti-slavery values to other African Methodist Episcopal churches around the state. It all started with Daniel Blue, whose influence on California state history was revolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Blue left another indelible, albeit lesser known mark on state history: He freed California’s last known slave.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Discovering California's last known slavery case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 283px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11818592\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-354x472.jpg 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original court records of Daniel Blue's petition to free Edith from enslavement are located at the Center for Sacramento History. \u003ccite>(Asal Ehsanipour/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edith was a 12-year-old enslaved girl brought to rural Sacramento from Missouri in 1863. Shortly after, Edith was illegally purchased by Walter Gammon, a local farmer from Tennessee. According to court testimonies, witnesses said Gammon beat the young girl and left her without care or necessary clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Edith’s plight got back to Blue, who was a leader in Sacramento’s African American community. On Feb. 29, 1864 he filed a writ of habeas corpus in the county court, forcing Gammon to bring Edith to the judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gammon responded that Edith stayed with him “of her own free will and choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Gammon, Blue requested that the judge grant him legal guardianship of Edith. The judge ruled in Blue’s favor, citing the slaveholder had “unlawfully and illegally detained and restrained” Edith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the last known slavery case in California’s history, 15 years after California entered the union as a free state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The persistence of slavery in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“[This story] shows us the persistence of enslavement in California,” said Stacey Smith, an associate professor of history at Oregon State University, who has written extensively on this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, there is no evidence of how Blue discovered Edith, who was isolated in the rural outskirts of Sacramento. Smith attributes Edith’s freedom to the grapevine networks among local African Americans — like those who attended St. Andrews, which had become the focal point of Black political life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's astounding that African Americans were able to infiltrate the household of Walter Gammon, figure out that Edith was there [as] a slave, figure out that she was being abused, and bring the case to the state courts to liberate her from enslavement,” said Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing Edith’s case to the courts wouldn’t have even been possible until 1863, because of a law prohibiting African American, Chinese, and Native American testimony in cases involving white defendants and plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We keep our founders' heritage alive by keeping the flames burning of what impassioned them, because those values don't wear out.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Rev. Philip R. Cousin Jr.","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Daniel Blue filed his probate case immediately after the law was lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's pretty clear there are Black witnesses who talk about the treatment of Edith under the care of Walter Gammon,” Smith continued. “They probably wouldn't have been able to testify had that law still been on the books.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, laws like these were not uncommon as California’s pro-slavery legislators used their power to uphold pro-slavery attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California did have a large pro-slavery population,” said Smith. “Pro-slavery southerners made up a surprising number of the immigrants that came overland to mine gold in the Gold Rush.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these Southerners brought enslaved people to work in the mines. To protect the rights of slaveholders, California enacted its own version of the Fugitive Slave Act, which prohibited enslaved people from escaping their masters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White Californians were perhaps uninterested in establishing slavery in California, according to Smith. Rather, they sought to maintain slaveholder rights while eliminating competition for economic advancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The West really was meant to be a paradise for free white workers,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the 1850s and 1860s, white legislators enacted \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/hs/im/didyouknow1.asp\">a series of laws\u003c/a> to suppress the advancement of people of color. A vast majority of African Americans in California were manual laborers. Many of them drove carts, painted fences, or were domestic servants. Most were unable to buy land or ascend socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Blue, on the other hand, accomplished both. Known as “Uncle Daniel,” the former slave became a well-respected figure in the Sacramento community. Admired by people from all backgrounds, Blue used his unprecedented influence to champion not only other African Americans, but all people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Daniel Blue's enduring legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the Center for Sacramento History, archivist Kim Hayden pulled out a leatherbound newspaper from the dusty archives. She was looking for Daniel Blue’s obituary, titled “An Old Man Gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obituary begins: “Daniel Blue, a colored citizen known to all the people of Sacramento and who died suddenly this week in the eighty ninth year of his age, was one of the most familiar figures on Sacramento streets for over a quarter of a century. He is to be buried tomorrow for Sacramento. And to have said he did not know Uncle Daniel Blue was to argue his ignorance of the city and its people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obituary described Daniel Blue’s accomplishments, intellect, and how he was beloved by Black and white people alike — but there was no mention of Edith or Blue’s involvement in setting her free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Smith, there is evidence that Edith had a happy ending. The 1870 census listed a woman in Sacramento named Adda, Edith’s nickname. She was 19 years old, the same age Edith would have been. The census said she married an African American man, and they had a one-year-old son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818602\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11818602\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-1020x724.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Andrews was founded in 1850, several months before California entered the union. The current building is now recognized as a State Historic Landmark.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edith or Blue’s living descendants weren't reachable for this story, but it is apparent that Blue’s legacy lives on with St. Andrews and its community of worshippers — even during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/st.andrews1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hosting\u003c/a> virtual bible study and church services every week, after closing its doors due to California's shelter-in-place order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11790005,news_11789158,news_11701126","label":"Related Coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We keep our founders' heritage alive by keeping the flames burning of what impassioned them, because those values don't wear out,” Cousin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Cousin’s leadership, the congregation is carrying out Blue’s vision of community, education and social action. Now, he says, the focus is on voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever we do out there is an expression of what we have learned and professed to believe in here,” said Cousin. “We encourage everyone to participate at every level in the life of the community. Certainly that means exercising their right to vote, particularly since that is not a right that has been ours for a very long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cousin says voting is the antithesis of standing around and waiting for something to happen. Voting is taking action — much like establishing the first Black church in California, or adopting a little girl out of slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on May 16, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported as part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldchainsca.org\">Gold Chains: The Hidden History of Slavery in California\u003c/a>. The project aims to lift up the voices of courageous African American and Native American individuals who challenged their brutal treatment and demanded their civil rights, inspiring us with their ingenuity, resilience, and tenacity. Gold Chains is a collaboration between KQED, the ACLU of Northern CA, the California Historical Society, Laura Atkins, and the Equal Justice Society.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11818409/how-the-founder-of-californias-first-black-church-fought-its-last-known-slavery-case","authors":["11580"],"programs":["news_26731"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_27952","news_18538","news_20397","news_30652","news_19216","news_22493"],"featImg":"news_11818588","label":"news_26731"},"news_11878430":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11878430","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11878430","score":null,"sort":[1623960219000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holiday","title":"Juneteenth Is Now a Federal Holiday","publishDate":1623960219,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated June 17, 2021 at 1:47 PM\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden on Thursday signed a bill to recognize Juneteenth as a federal holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal employees will observe the holiday for the first time on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Throughout history, Juneteenth has been known by many names: Jubilee Day, Freedom Day, Liberation Day, Emancipation Day, and today, a national holiday,\" said Vice President Harris, who is the first woman, Asian American and the first Black person to serve as vice president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are gathered here in a house built by enslaved people. We are footsteps away from where President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation,\" she said. \"We have come far, and we have far to go. But today is a day of celebration. It is not only a day of pride. It's also a day for us to reaffirm and rededicate ourselves to action.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests at the signing ceremony at the White House included members of the Congressional Black Caucus and 94-year-old Opal Lee, a decades-long activist who fought to see Juneteenth recognized nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden's signature comes after the measure cruised through both chambers of Congress earlier this week, facing no opposing votes in the Senate and only minor Republican dissent in the House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the signing event below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/7WYYTEPfUwc\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Importance of June 19\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Juneteenth is celebrated annually on the 19th of June to mark the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007315228/juneteenth-what-is-origin-observation\">date some of the last enslaved people in the Confederacy became free\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862 to free enslaved people in Confederate states, it was not until 2 1/2 years later that many Black people still held in bondage in Texas were told that the order had freed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas' isolation from the rest of the country and remote landscape kept Union soldiers from enforcing the message as quickly there as they had been able to elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not until months later with the passage of the 13th Amendment that slavery was abolished on the federal level, not just in states that had aligned themselves with the Confederacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Biden's Racial Justice Efforts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The federal recognition of Juneteenth is one of several Biden administration attempts to reconcile America's dark and troubled past with racial minorities, specifically African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More coverage\" tag=\"juneteenth\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juneteenth marks both the long, hard night of slavery and subjugation, and the promise of a greater morning to come,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He described slavery as a moral stain on the country and said enslavement of Black Americans was the nation's \"original sin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Biden acknowledged the systemic racism that has since the country's founding plagued the institutions foundational to personal success, including the housing market, criminal justice and environmental concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he took office in January, Biden inherited a nation on the brink, with protests and counterprotests against social issues like police use of force threatening to erode the public trust and set back some of the progress the nation has made in its conversations on race over the past decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Biden has faced searing criticisms from the left wing of his party for not doing enough to meaningfully address the concerns of Black Americans, Republicans — following four years of a standard-bearer who stirred \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/14/997010619/biden-dissolves-controversial-trump-orders-on-race-and-culture\">racial animus\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/17/914127266/trump-announces-patriotic-education-commission-a-largely-political-move\">civil discord\u003c/a> — have accused Biden of bending to special interest groups at the expense of uniting a deeply divided nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This day doesn't just celebrate the past. It calls for action today. I wish all Americans a happy Juneteenth,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+And+Harris+Are+Speaking+At+The+Bill-Signing+Making+Juneteenth+A+Federal+Holiday&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"June 19 is a commemoration of the end of slavery in the United States. It marks the day enslaved people in Texas were finally freed — more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1623969635,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":607},"headData":{"title":"Juneteenth Is Now a Federal Holiday | KQED","description":"June 19 is a commemoration of the end of slavery in the United States. It marks the day enslaved people in Texas were finally freed — more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Juneteenth Is Now a Federal Holiday","datePublished":"2021-06-17T20:03:39.000Z","dateModified":"2021-06-17T22:40:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11878430 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11878430","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/06/17/biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holiday/","disqusTitle":"Juneteenth Is Now a Federal Holiday","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007602290/biden-and-harris-will-speak-at-the-bill-signing-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holi","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/831107342/alana-wise\">Alana Wise\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum via AP","nprStoryId":"1007602290","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1007602290&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007602290/biden-and-harris-will-speak-at-the-bill-signing-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holi?ft=nprml&f=1007602290","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 17 Jun 2021 15:47:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 17 Jun 2021 15:12:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 17 Jun 2021 15:47:22 -0400","path":"/news/11878430/biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holiday","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated June 17, 2021 at 1:47 PM\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden on Thursday signed a bill to recognize Juneteenth as a federal holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal employees will observe the holiday for the first time on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Throughout history, Juneteenth has been known by many names: Jubilee Day, Freedom Day, Liberation Day, Emancipation Day, and today, a national holiday,\" said Vice President Harris, who is the first woman, Asian American and the first Black person to serve as vice president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are gathered here in a house built by enslaved people. We are footsteps away from where President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation,\" she said. \"We have come far, and we have far to go. But today is a day of celebration. It is not only a day of pride. It's also a day for us to reaffirm and rededicate ourselves to action.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests at the signing ceremony at the White House included members of the Congressional Black Caucus and 94-year-old Opal Lee, a decades-long activist who fought to see Juneteenth recognized nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden's signature comes after the measure cruised through both chambers of Congress earlier this week, facing no opposing votes in the Senate and only minor Republican dissent in the House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the signing event below:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7WYYTEPfUwc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7WYYTEPfUwc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>The Importance of June 19\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Juneteenth is celebrated annually on the 19th of June to mark the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007315228/juneteenth-what-is-origin-observation\">date some of the last enslaved people in the Confederacy became free\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862 to free enslaved people in Confederate states, it was not until 2 1/2 years later that many Black people still held in bondage in Texas were told that the order had freed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas' isolation from the rest of the country and remote landscape kept Union soldiers from enforcing the message as quickly there as they had been able to elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not until months later with the passage of the 13th Amendment that slavery was abolished on the federal level, not just in states that had aligned themselves with the Confederacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Biden's Racial Justice Efforts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The federal recognition of Juneteenth is one of several Biden administration attempts to reconcile America's dark and troubled past with racial minorities, specifically African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More coverage ","tag":"juneteenth"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juneteenth marks both the long, hard night of slavery and subjugation, and the promise of a greater morning to come,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He described slavery as a moral stain on the country and said enslavement of Black Americans was the nation's \"original sin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Biden acknowledged the systemic racism that has since the country's founding plagued the institutions foundational to personal success, including the housing market, criminal justice and environmental concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he took office in January, Biden inherited a nation on the brink, with protests and counterprotests against social issues like police use of force threatening to erode the public trust and set back some of the progress the nation has made in its conversations on race over the past decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Biden has faced searing criticisms from the left wing of his party for not doing enough to meaningfully address the concerns of Black Americans, Republicans — following four years of a standard-bearer who stirred \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/14/997010619/biden-dissolves-controversial-trump-orders-on-race-and-culture\">racial animus\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/17/914127266/trump-announces-patriotic-education-commission-a-largely-political-move\">civil discord\u003c/a> — have accused Biden of bending to special interest groups at the expense of uniting a deeply divided nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This day doesn't just celebrate the past. It calls for action today. I wish all Americans a happy Juneteenth,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+And+Harris+Are+Speaking+At+The+Bill-Signing+Making+Juneteenth+A+Federal+Holiday&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11878430/biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holiday","authors":["byline_news_11878430"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_717","news_23528","news_61","news_20219","news_28211"],"featImg":"news_11878472","label":"source_news_11878430"},"news_11791679":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11791679","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11791679","score":null,"sort":[1576623249000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color","title":"The Future Is Male: Why California Needs More Male Teachers of Color","publishDate":1576623249,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Darryl McKellar makes teaching look easy. Over 20 years in the classroom, the English teacher has mastered some of the job’s trickiest tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, he has a writing assignment for the 10th-graders in his second-period class, based on a short story they read, “The Lottery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I say lottery, what do you think? Breanna, what do you think?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drama,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='mindshift_47991']“Why drama?” McKellar asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you win a lot of money, it causes a lot of controversy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mo’ money, mo’ problems. Who said it?” McKellar asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s some murmuring. It sounds familiar, but these kids weren’t around in the ’90s. “It’s ... a rapper?” one student ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wait,” McKellar says, launching into a pretty spot-on impression. “Uh huh, uh huh, baby baby.” The students laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biggie Smalls!” a student says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar nods. “Notorious B.I.G. But he also says we can’t expect to change the world until we do what? Change who? Change yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He looks pleased with himself as the students pair up and dive into the assignment. “I’m like Batman,” he says. “I use every trick in my utility belt to get a kid to buy into education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Role Models in the Classroom\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For these students, having a teacher of color like McKellar — who has high expectations, can relate to their experiences and serve as a role model — could make a big difference. When students of color have teachers of color, \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/product-files/Diversifying_Teaching_Profession_REPORT_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">there’s evidence\u003c/a> they learn more, finish high school at higher rates and are more likely to go to college. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://ftp.iza.org/dp10630.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one study\u003c/a> found having at least one black teacher from third to fifth grade cut the high school dropout rate in half for black boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the number of teachers of color in California isn’t keeping pace with the diversity of its student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='Tony Thurmond, state superintendent of public instruction']'Even one teacher of color in a school is enough for students of color to do better academically.'[/pullquote]Changing that is top of mind for Tony Thurmond, state superintendent of public instruction. He has made closing the achievement gap for students of color a central part of his mission, and he says diversifying the teacher workforce is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even one teacher of color in a school is enough for students of color to do better academically,” he said, citing studies that show long-term positive benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/dqcensus/EnrEthYears.aspx?cds=00&agglevel=state&year=2018-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Three-quarters\u003c/a> of California students in traditional public and charter schools are of color, compared to about a third of teachers. But in McKellar his students have something especially rare: Fewer than 10% of the \u003ca href=\"https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/Staff/StaffByEth.aspx?cLevel=State&cYear=2018-19&cChoice=StateNum&cType=T&cGender=M&Submit=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state’s teachers are men of color\u003c/a> and just 1% are black men like him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar’s ninth-grade students Elijah Foster and Tyler Banner say having a man in front of the class is still a new experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been taught almost exclusively by women, and they say having a male teacher changes the dynamic. “It feels like the man expects more out of you,” Banner said. “You see them as, like, the homie,” Foster added. “Like a close friend — trustable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to see someone in front of them who says, ‘This thing called education is going to work out just fine,’ ” McKellar said of his male students. “Me being in front of students, being a black man, and dispelling every stereotype about what we bring to the table, that’s my motivation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Pipeline for Male Teachers of Color\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For 28-year-old Fabian Flores, it’s not unusual to be one of the few men in his classes at California State University, Dominguez Hills College of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he’s finding the support of a group for aspiring male teachers of color lifesaving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm not alone,\" he said. “I'm not the only one struggling with this, I'm not the only male that wants to become an educator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/teacher-diversity-4-copy/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11791719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veteran teacher Darryl McKellar mentors aspiring male teachers of color at CSU Dominguez Hills through the Future Minority Male Teachers of California program. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Flores is part of a program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.csun.edu/eisner-education/future-minority-male-teachers-of-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Future Minority Male Teachers of California\u003c/a>, an experiment that got underway in 2017. The goal is to improve the pipeline for men of color who want to teach by focusing on recruitment from the local community, plus financial, instructional and emotional support from peers and veteran teachers. A handful of California State University colleges of education are testing the program, but there’s hope to expand systemwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar is a mentor in the program at CSU Dominguez Hills, in Los Angeles. “I encourage them to use all of their experiences as a person of color,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='mindshift_34806']He also tries to impart skills that he says aren’t always taught in teacher prep programs, like how to connect with students from a social-emotional standpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m giving you the cheat codes,” he said of his role as a mentor. “I’m giving you all the nuances I wasn’t privy to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flores credits the program, and McKellar, for keeping him on the teaching track. He said he almost quit early on after a veteran teacher warned him away from the profession, saying it’s underpaid and undervalued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was kinda on the ropes, like should I continue?” he said. “But getting into this program and speaking with the male educators helped me reject that type of thinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program also offers small scholarships to help pay for school. \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Flearningpolicyinstitute.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproduct-files%2FDiversifying_Teaching_Profession_REPORT_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Research suggests\u003c/a> that subsidizing the cost of teacher education is one of the best ways to remove barriers keeping people of color from joining the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_10423719']College graduates of color are \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/black-white-disparity-in-student-loan-debt-more-than-triples-after-graduation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disproportionately burdened by debt\u003c/a>. On average, black college graduates owe over $7,000 more than white peers when they earn their B.A. A few years later, that black-white gap has tripled to $25,000. When weighing a student loan load against a future salary, teaching can make for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-postsecondary/reports/2019/07/09/471850/student-debt-overlooked-barrier-increasing-teacher-diversity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tough proposition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would not be here if it wasn’t for that extra money,” said Flores, who got a $5,000 scholarship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/teacher-diversity-6-copy/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791717\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11791717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fabian Flores, 28, said he was only able to stay on track toward becoming a teacher because of a scholarship he received through the Future Minority Male Teachers of California program. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Future Minority Male Teachers of California wants to get more men of color teaching in elementary grades, where they’re most rare and where they could have the biggest impact on achievement gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's the real unicorn in education,” said John Davis, dean of the College of Education at CSU Dominguez Hills. “How do we get men of color to teach at that primary level?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csun.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FF2MTC-toolkit.pdf%23page%3D44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the 2015-16 school year\u003c/a>, of the roughly 900 students preparing to become elementary school teachers at the six CSUs participating in the program, only 4% were Latino men, 1% were Asian men and 0.4% were African American men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='John Davis, dean of the College of Education at CSU Dominguez Hills']'That's the real unicorn in education: How do we get men of color to teach at that primary level?'[/pullquote]The efforts to change that are showing some promise: At Dominguez Hills, there were just two Latino elementary teacher candidates in the fall of 2017. The following year, there were 14; at CSULA, the number of Asian males rose from two to 11, and for black males from zero to three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, at the six schools numbers went up significantly for Latinos, slightly for black men and results were mixed for Asian men—rising in some cases, dropping in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Education leaders met with Future Minority Male Teachers of California directors earlier this year, and Thurmond said proposals are in the works to build out the program across the CSU system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is really on the precipice of being the leader in teacher preparation,” said Thurmond. “But right now we're pulling together resources to help expand some of these bright spots that we see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the added support may help get men of color into and through teacher training and into classrooms, the next challenge is keeping them there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CalMatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio, with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11768052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219-160x44.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One CSU-based program seeks to diversify the ranks of the state’s classroom teachers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1578511510,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":1518},"headData":{"title":"The Future Is Male: Why California Needs More Male Teachers of Color | KQED","description":"One CSU-based program seeks to diversify the ranks of the state’s classroom teachers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Future Is Male: Why California Needs More Male Teachers of Color","datePublished":"2019-12-17T22:54:09.000Z","dateModified":"2020-01-08T19:25:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11791679 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11791679","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/","disqusTitle":"The Future Is Male: Why California Needs More Male Teachers of Color","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2020/01/RancanoTeacherDiversity.mp3","audioTrackLength":264,"path":"/news/11791679/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color","audioDuration":264000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Darryl McKellar makes teaching look easy. Over 20 years in the classroom, the English teacher has mastered some of the job’s trickiest tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, he has a writing assignment for the 10th-graders in his second-period class, based on a short story they read, “The Lottery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I say lottery, what do you think? Breanna, what do you think?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drama,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"mindshift_47991","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Why drama?” McKellar asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you win a lot of money, it causes a lot of controversy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mo’ money, mo’ problems. Who said it?” McKellar asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s some murmuring. It sounds familiar, but these kids weren’t around in the ’90s. “It’s ... a rapper?” one student ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wait,” McKellar says, launching into a pretty spot-on impression. “Uh huh, uh huh, baby baby.” The students laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biggie Smalls!” a student says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar nods. “Notorious B.I.G. But he also says we can’t expect to change the world until we do what? Change who? Change yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He looks pleased with himself as the students pair up and dive into the assignment. “I’m like Batman,” he says. “I use every trick in my utility belt to get a kid to buy into education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Role Models in the Classroom\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For these students, having a teacher of color like McKellar — who has high expectations, can relate to their experiences and serve as a role model — could make a big difference. When students of color have teachers of color, \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/product-files/Diversifying_Teaching_Profession_REPORT_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">there’s evidence\u003c/a> they learn more, finish high school at higher rates and are more likely to go to college. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://ftp.iza.org/dp10630.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one study\u003c/a> found having at least one black teacher from third to fifth grade cut the high school dropout rate in half for black boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the number of teachers of color in California isn’t keeping pace with the diversity of its student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Even one teacher of color in a school is enough for students of color to do better academically.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","citation":"Tony Thurmond, state superintendent of public instruction","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Changing that is top of mind for Tony Thurmond, state superintendent of public instruction. He has made closing the achievement gap for students of color a central part of his mission, and he says diversifying the teacher workforce is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even one teacher of color in a school is enough for students of color to do better academically,” he said, citing studies that show long-term positive benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/dqcensus/EnrEthYears.aspx?cds=00&agglevel=state&year=2018-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Three-quarters\u003c/a> of California students in traditional public and charter schools are of color, compared to about a third of teachers. But in McKellar his students have something especially rare: Fewer than 10% of the \u003ca href=\"https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/Staff/StaffByEth.aspx?cLevel=State&cYear=2018-19&cChoice=StateNum&cType=T&cGender=M&Submit=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state’s teachers are men of color\u003c/a> and just 1% are black men like him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar’s ninth-grade students Elijah Foster and Tyler Banner say having a man in front of the class is still a new experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been taught almost exclusively by women, and they say having a male teacher changes the dynamic. “It feels like the man expects more out of you,” Banner said. “You see them as, like, the homie,” Foster added. “Like a close friend — trustable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to see someone in front of them who says, ‘This thing called education is going to work out just fine,’ ” McKellar said of his male students. “Me being in front of students, being a black man, and dispelling every stereotype about what we bring to the table, that’s my motivation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Pipeline for Male Teachers of Color\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For 28-year-old Fabian Flores, it’s not unusual to be one of the few men in his classes at California State University, Dominguez Hills College of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he’s finding the support of a group for aspiring male teachers of color lifesaving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm not alone,\" he said. “I'm not the only one struggling with this, I'm not the only male that wants to become an educator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/teacher-diversity-4-copy/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11791719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veteran teacher Darryl McKellar mentors aspiring male teachers of color at CSU Dominguez Hills through the Future Minority Male Teachers of California program. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Flores is part of a program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.csun.edu/eisner-education/future-minority-male-teachers-of-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Future Minority Male Teachers of California\u003c/a>, an experiment that got underway in 2017. The goal is to improve the pipeline for men of color who want to teach by focusing on recruitment from the local community, plus financial, instructional and emotional support from peers and veteran teachers. A handful of California State University colleges of education are testing the program, but there’s hope to expand systemwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar is a mentor in the program at CSU Dominguez Hills, in Los Angeles. “I encourage them to use all of their experiences as a person of color,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"mindshift_34806","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He also tries to impart skills that he says aren’t always taught in teacher prep programs, like how to connect with students from a social-emotional standpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m giving you the cheat codes,” he said of his role as a mentor. “I’m giving you all the nuances I wasn’t privy to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flores credits the program, and McKellar, for keeping him on the teaching track. He said he almost quit early on after a veteran teacher warned him away from the profession, saying it’s underpaid and undervalued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was kinda on the ropes, like should I continue?” he said. “But getting into this program and speaking with the male educators helped me reject that type of thinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program also offers small scholarships to help pay for school. \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Flearningpolicyinstitute.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproduct-files%2FDiversifying_Teaching_Profession_REPORT_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Research suggests\u003c/a> that subsidizing the cost of teacher education is one of the best ways to remove barriers keeping people of color from joining the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_10423719","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>College graduates of color are \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/black-white-disparity-in-student-loan-debt-more-than-triples-after-graduation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disproportionately burdened by debt\u003c/a>. On average, black college graduates owe over $7,000 more than white peers when they earn their B.A. A few years later, that black-white gap has tripled to $25,000. When weighing a student loan load against a future salary, teaching can make for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-postsecondary/reports/2019/07/09/471850/student-debt-overlooked-barrier-increasing-teacher-diversity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tough proposition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would not be here if it wasn’t for that extra money,” said Flores, who got a $5,000 scholarship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/teacher-diversity-6-copy/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791717\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11791717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fabian Flores, 28, said he was only able to stay on track toward becoming a teacher because of a scholarship he received through the Future Minority Male Teachers of California program. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Future Minority Male Teachers of California wants to get more men of color teaching in elementary grades, where they’re most rare and where they could have the biggest impact on achievement gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's the real unicorn in education,” said John Davis, dean of the College of Education at CSU Dominguez Hills. “How do we get men of color to teach at that primary level?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csun.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FF2MTC-toolkit.pdf%23page%3D44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the 2015-16 school year\u003c/a>, of the roughly 900 students preparing to become elementary school teachers at the six CSUs participating in the program, only 4% were Latino men, 1% were Asian men and 0.4% were African American men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'That's the real unicorn in education: How do we get men of color to teach at that primary level?'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","citation":"John Davis, dean of the College of Education at CSU Dominguez Hills","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The efforts to change that are showing some promise: At Dominguez Hills, there were just two Latino elementary teacher candidates in the fall of 2017. The following year, there were 14; at CSULA, the number of Asian males rose from two to 11, and for black males from zero to three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, at the six schools numbers went up significantly for Latinos, slightly for black men and results were mixed for Asian men—rising in some cases, dropping in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Education leaders met with Future Minority Male Teachers of California directors earlier this year, and Thurmond said proposals are in the works to build out the program across the CSU system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is really on the precipice of being the leader in teacher preparation,” said Thurmond. “But right now we're pulling together resources to help expand some of these bright spots that we see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the added support may help get men of color into and through teacher training and into classrooms, the next challenge is keeping them there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CalMatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio, with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11768052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219-160x44.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11791679/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color","authors":["11276"],"programs":["news_72"],"series":["news_21879"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_26850","news_21840","news_3457","news_2044","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11791718","label":"news_72"},"news_11717433":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11717433","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11717433","score":null,"sort":[1547168921000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"find-yourself-in-the-california-legislature-or-not","title":"Find Yourself in the California Legislature — or Not","publishDate":1547168921,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>There are (still) more white men named James or Jim in the California Legislature than African-American and Asian-American women combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throw in some white Robs, Bobs and Roberts, and you have a pretty sizable “JimBob” caucus with a membership larger than the number of Republican women, openly gay or lesbian legislators, or women from any party under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California seats a new class of lawmakers. You may not know their names, but their work is important to your day-to-day life, impacting everything from your taxes to the quality of the air you breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while California prides itself on diversity, in many ways state government looks more like the California of 30 years ago than the California of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Women make major gains, but California trails other states on gender parity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After a year in which sexual misconduct allegations led to calls for both parties to run more female candidates, women made significant gains in the Legislature in November’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704561/election-2018-was-it-the-year-of-the-woman-in-california\">Election 2018: Was It the Year of the Woman in California?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704561/election-2018-was-it-the-year-of-the-woman-in-california\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/katiehill_getty-qut-1180x715.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California opens 2019 with 36 women in the Legislature — a near record (the previous high was 37 at the end of 2006). Nearly 60 percent of all newly elected California lawmakers are women, mirroring a surge in successful female candidacies across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s statehouse still falls far short of equal gender representation. Even after this election’s gains, women account for just 31 percent of California legislators. (If you’re wondering, women make up a little more than half of voting-age Californians.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/0a06ed03-204f-4f8e-a1fb-2656db56409b?src=embed\" title=\"Legislatures\" width=\"800\" height=\"820\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male-dominated politics are hardly a uniquely California phenomenon. More than 75 percent of the new Congress is male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California still trails many other states, including some of its more conservative neighbors. Oregon and Arizona each have a higher proportion of women in their legislatures than California, while Nevada recently made history as the first state to elect a legislature with a female majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Asian-American women are sorely underrepresented\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 in 10 voting-age Californians is a woman with Asian-American or Pacific Islander heritage. That’s a bigger proportion than the state’s entire voting-age African-American population, male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/d8ee3b0b-339e-4de8-b5a9-d121a8e6e9b6?src=embed\" title=\"triplets\" width=\"800\" height=\"1149\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 1 in 118 California legislators is an Asian-American woman. Ling Ling Chang, a Taiwanese Republican senator from Diamond Bar in eastern Los Angeles County, won her seat in the June recall of a sitting Democratic legislator. She’ll likely face a tough re-election battle in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867144/election-2018-asian-american-voters-remain-untapped-by-both-parties\">Election 2018: Asian-American Voters Remain Untapped by Both Parties\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867144/election-2018-asian-american-voters-remain-untapped-by-both-parties\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-155682080.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Asian-American is obviously a very broad term. The majority of Asian-Americans in the California Legislature are of Chinese or Taiwanese descent. Notably underrepresented are Vietnamese-Americans and Filipino-Americans, which are among California’s largest Asian-American groups. There is only one Filipino lawmaker, Democrat Rob Bonta of Alameda, and one Vietnamese lawmaker, Republican Tyler Diep of Huntington Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang is also one of only five nonwhite Republicans in the Legislature, all of whom are Asian-American or Pacific Islander. What’s left of the shrinking California Republican presence in Sacramento reflects the party’s struggle to expand its demographic tent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the near-record-low 30 Republicans in the Legislature, 21 are white males. There are no Latino, African-American or openly gay or lesbian GOP legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Latinos are still underrepresented. That’s partly generational, and partly about who votes\u003c/h3>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11697624/why-is-it-so-hard-to-engage-latino-voters-theyre-young-and-historically-neglected\">Why Is It So Hard to Engage Latino Voters? They're Young - and Historically Neglected\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11697624/why-is-it-so-hard-to-engage-latino-voters-theyre-young-and-historically-neglected\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-621796510.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Latinos may be the largest ethnic group in all of California, but they are far from a plurality in the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with six new Latino lawmakers elected last November, Latinos account for just over 20 percent of the 2019 legislative class. As of 2017, nearly 40 percent of all Californians identified as Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those awaiting a more visible presence of the “sleeping giant” of California politics can take partial solace in the state’s demographic future. Non-Hispanic whites still make up a larger proportion of Californians over 18 than do Latinos. But Latinos in their 20s, 30s and 40s outnumber whites in the same age groups, as do Latinos under the age of 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/1e8f1fba-5571-4c77-b5c1-671627f29eb2?src=embed\" title=\"Likely Voters vs. legislature\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger and low-income Californians are typically less likely to vote than their older, wealthier neighbors. Since Latinos tend to skew both younger and lower-income in California, it’s perhaps unsurprising that their share of political representation in Sacramento mirrors their share of “frequent” voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Age and Class\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 40 percent of California’s voting-age population is under the age of 40. But state lawmakers tend to skew significantly older than the people they represent. Only 14 percent of state lawmakers are in their 30s, and none are in their 20s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not shocking if you believe that candidates and those who vote for them tend to look like one another: Despite comprising a huge share of the electorate, only 18 percent of likely California voters are under age 34, according to the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another noticeably absent block of Californians from state office: People who make less than six figures. California has the highest compensation for state legislators of any state in the country, at $107,000 per year. The 2017 median income of a California household? $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There are (still) more white men named James or Jim in the California Legislature than African-American and Asian-American women combined. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1556743207,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":917},"headData":{"title":"Find Yourself in the California Legislature — or Not | KQED","description":"There are (still) more white men named James or Jim in the California Legislature than African-American and Asian-American women combined. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Find Yourself in the California Legislature — or Not","datePublished":"2019-01-11T01:08:41.000Z","dateModified":"2019-05-01T20:40:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11717433 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11717433","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/01/10/find-yourself-in-the-california-legislature-or-not/","disqusTitle":"Find Yourself in the California Legislature — or Not","source":"CALmatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"Matt Levin, Elizabeth Castillo and John Osborn D'Agostino\u003cbr>CALmatters","path":"/news/11717433/find-yourself-in-the-california-legislature-or-not","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are (still) more white men named James or Jim in the California Legislature than African-American and Asian-American women combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throw in some white Robs, Bobs and Roberts, and you have a pretty sizable “JimBob” caucus with a membership larger than the number of Republican women, openly gay or lesbian legislators, or women from any party under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California seats a new class of lawmakers. You may not know their names, but their work is important to your day-to-day life, impacting everything from your taxes to the quality of the air you breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while California prides itself on diversity, in many ways state government looks more like the California of 30 years ago than the California of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Women make major gains, but California trails other states on gender parity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After a year in which sexual misconduct allegations led to calls for both parties to run more female candidates, women made significant gains in the Legislature in November’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704561/election-2018-was-it-the-year-of-the-woman-in-california\">Election 2018: Was It the Year of the Woman in California?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704561/election-2018-was-it-the-year-of-the-woman-in-california\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/katiehill_getty-qut-1180x715.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California opens 2019 with 36 women in the Legislature — a near record (the previous high was 37 at the end of 2006). Nearly 60 percent of all newly elected California lawmakers are women, mirroring a surge in successful female candidacies across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s statehouse still falls far short of equal gender representation. Even after this election’s gains, women account for just 31 percent of California legislators. (If you’re wondering, women make up a little more than half of voting-age Californians.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/0a06ed03-204f-4f8e-a1fb-2656db56409b?src=embed\" title=\"Legislatures\" width=\"800\" height=\"820\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male-dominated politics are hardly a uniquely California phenomenon. More than 75 percent of the new Congress is male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California still trails many other states, including some of its more conservative neighbors. Oregon and Arizona each have a higher proportion of women in their legislatures than California, while Nevada recently made history as the first state to elect a legislature with a female majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Asian-American women are sorely underrepresented\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 in 10 voting-age Californians is a woman with Asian-American or Pacific Islander heritage. That’s a bigger proportion than the state’s entire voting-age African-American population, male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/d8ee3b0b-339e-4de8-b5a9-d121a8e6e9b6?src=embed\" title=\"triplets\" width=\"800\" height=\"1149\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 1 in 118 California legislators is an Asian-American woman. Ling Ling Chang, a Taiwanese Republican senator from Diamond Bar in eastern Los Angeles County, won her seat in the June recall of a sitting Democratic legislator. She’ll likely face a tough re-election battle in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867144/election-2018-asian-american-voters-remain-untapped-by-both-parties\">Election 2018: Asian-American Voters Remain Untapped by Both Parties\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867144/election-2018-asian-american-voters-remain-untapped-by-both-parties\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-155682080.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Asian-American is obviously a very broad term. The majority of Asian-Americans in the California Legislature are of Chinese or Taiwanese descent. Notably underrepresented are Vietnamese-Americans and Filipino-Americans, which are among California’s largest Asian-American groups. There is only one Filipino lawmaker, Democrat Rob Bonta of Alameda, and one Vietnamese lawmaker, Republican Tyler Diep of Huntington Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang is also one of only five nonwhite Republicans in the Legislature, all of whom are Asian-American or Pacific Islander. What’s left of the shrinking California Republican presence in Sacramento reflects the party’s struggle to expand its demographic tent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the near-record-low 30 Republicans in the Legislature, 21 are white males. There are no Latino, African-American or openly gay or lesbian GOP legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Latinos are still underrepresented. That’s partly generational, and partly about who votes\u003c/h3>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11697624/why-is-it-so-hard-to-engage-latino-voters-theyre-young-and-historically-neglected\">Why Is It So Hard to Engage Latino Voters? They're Young - and Historically Neglected\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11697624/why-is-it-so-hard-to-engage-latino-voters-theyre-young-and-historically-neglected\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-621796510.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Latinos may be the largest ethnic group in all of California, but they are far from a plurality in the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with six new Latino lawmakers elected last November, Latinos account for just over 20 percent of the 2019 legislative class. As of 2017, nearly 40 percent of all Californians identified as Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those awaiting a more visible presence of the “sleeping giant” of California politics can take partial solace in the state’s demographic future. Non-Hispanic whites still make up a larger proportion of Californians over 18 than do Latinos. But Latinos in their 20s, 30s and 40s outnumber whites in the same age groups, as do Latinos under the age of 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/1e8f1fba-5571-4c77-b5c1-671627f29eb2?src=embed\" title=\"Likely Voters vs. legislature\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger and low-income Californians are typically less likely to vote than their older, wealthier neighbors. Since Latinos tend to skew both younger and lower-income in California, it’s perhaps unsurprising that their share of political representation in Sacramento mirrors their share of “frequent” voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Age and Class\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 40 percent of California’s voting-age population is under the age of 40. But state lawmakers tend to skew significantly older than the people they represent. Only 14 percent of state lawmakers are in their 30s, and none are in their 20s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not shocking if you believe that candidates and those who vote for them tend to look like one another: Despite comprising a huge share of the electorate, only 18 percent of likely California voters are under age 34, according to the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another noticeably absent block of Californians from state office: People who make less than six figures. California has the highest compensation for state legislators of any state in the country, at $107,000 per year. The 2017 median income of a California household? $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11717433/find-yourself-in-the-california-legislature-or-not","authors":["byline_news_11717433"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_21126","news_24788","news_2704","news_18012","news_17687","news_17921","news_1852","news_1932"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11688829","label":"source_news_11717433"},"news_11711644":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11711644","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11711644","score":null,"sort":[1544698851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"black-power-the-1968-olympics-and-the-san-jose-state-students-who-shook-the-world","title":"Black Power, the 1968 Olympics and the San Jose State Students Who Shook the World","publishDate":1544698851,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>John Carlos and Tommie Smith both won medals in the same track event at the 1968 Olympic games in Mexico City. On the medal stand, both raised clenched fists in a salute to Black power. The backlash that followed cost them the rest of their running careers and years of difficulty outside of sports. Fifty years later, the prevailing attitude toward their protest has changed, and the movement lives on with other athlete activists like Colin Kaepernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring Devin Katayama of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">The Bay\u003c/a> and KQED reporter Rachael Myrow. This episode was produced by The Bay staff: Vinnee Tong, Erika Aguliar, Peter Arcuni and Devin Katayama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Jessica Placzek, Katie McMurran, Paul Lancour and Ryan Levi. Additional support from Julie Caine, Suzie Racho, Ethan Lindsey and David Weir. Theme music by Pat Mesiti-Miller. Ask us a question or sign up for our newsletter at BayCurious.org. Follow Olivia Allen-Price on Twitter @oallenprice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As John Carlos and Tommie Smith stood on the medal stand, raising their fists in a black power salute, the San Jose State students were praying they didn't get shot.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1544661198,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":162},"headData":{"title":"Black Power, the 1968 Olympics and the San Jose State Students Who Shook the World | KQED","description":"As John Carlos and Tommie Smith stood on the medal stand, raising their fists in a black power salute, the San Jose State students were praying they didn't get shot.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Black Power, the 1968 Olympics and the San Jose State Students Who Shook the World","datePublished":"2018-12-13T11:00:51.000Z","dateModified":"2018-12-13T00:33:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11711644 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11711644","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/12/13/black-power-the-1968-olympics-and-the-san-jose-state-students-who-shook-the-world/","disqusTitle":"Black Power, the 1968 Olympics and the San Jose State Students Who Shook the World","source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious","audioTrackLength":692,"path":"/news/11711644/black-power-the-1968-olympics-and-the-san-jose-state-students-who-shook-the-world","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/new-bay-curious/2018/12/OlympicBlackPowerSalute.mp3","audioDuration":694000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>John Carlos and Tommie Smith both won medals in the same track event at the 1968 Olympic games in Mexico City. On the medal stand, both raised clenched fists in a salute to Black power. The backlash that followed cost them the rest of their running careers and years of difficulty outside of sports. Fifty years later, the prevailing attitude toward their protest has changed, and the movement lives on with other athlete activists like Colin Kaepernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring Devin Katayama of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">The Bay\u003c/a> and KQED reporter Rachael Myrow. This episode was produced by The Bay staff: Vinnee Tong, Erika Aguliar, Peter Arcuni and Devin Katayama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Jessica Placzek, Katie McMurran, Paul Lancour and Ryan Levi. Additional support from Julie Caine, Suzie Racho, Ethan Lindsey and David Weir. Theme music by Pat Mesiti-Miller. Ask us a question or sign up for our newsletter at BayCurious.org. Follow Olivia Allen-Price on Twitter @oallenprice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11711644/black-power-the-1968-olympics-and-the-san-jose-state-students-who-shook-the-world","authors":["236"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_24327","news_21126","news_18426","news_4750","news_2808","news_5711"],"featImg":"news_11711662","label":"source_news_11711644"},"news_11675338":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11675338","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11675338","score":null,"sort":[1529250140000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"photos-juneteenth-celebration-in-san-francisco","title":"PHOTOS: Juneteenth Celebration in San Francisco","publishDate":1529250140,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>This week marks Juneteenth, or June 19, a celebration that honors the end of slavery in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June 19 is the day more than 150 years ago that U.S. troops swept into Texas to liberate slaves who didn't yet know they were free, nearly three years after President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the black community in San Francisco in general... this is the biggest—this is the only thing we really have,\" said Richard Bougere, the event organizer, who has been coming to the Juneteenth celebration since he was one-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it serves almost like a family reunion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 68th annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfjuneteenth.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juneteenth\u003c/a> event in San Francisco was held on Saturday in the Fillmore District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675341\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6552-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Loriel Price, 8, of San Francisco in the petting zoo at the city's Juneteenth celebration. She says she's always wanted a horse or a rabbit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675341\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Loriel Price, 8, of San Francisco in the petting zoo at the city's Juneteenth celebration. She says she's always wanted a horse or a rabbit. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675344\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6542-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Rodrick Jones of San Francisco selling a Warriors t-shirt to neighbor Dianne Jordan. They both say they've been coming to the festival for years.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675344\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rodrick Jones of San Francisco selling a Warriors t-shirt to neighbor Dianne Jordan. They both say they've been coming to the festival for years. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6538-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sylvia Whitley at her hometown Juneteenth celebration in San Francisco. She lives in Richmond now but works in her cousin's construction and catering company, Yolanda's Construction/YoRays. Of the unusual combination, Whitley shrugs, "We can cook!"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sylvia Whitley at her hometown Juneteenth celebration in San Francisco. She lives in Richmond now but works in her cousin's construction and catering company, Yolanda's Construction/YoRays. Of the unusual combination, Whitley shrugs, \"We can cook!\" \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6537-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Shamica Simpson and children Jaden and Neveah Pineda, 9 and 5, of San Francisco await the performance of her third child, Marlon, 12 (not pictured) at the city's 2018 Juneteenth celebration. Simpson says she enjoys the gospel music and the event, which "means a lot".\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675346\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shamica Simpson and children Jaden and Neveah Pineda, 9 and 5, of San Francisco await the performance of her third child, Marlon, 12 (not pictured) at the city's 2018 Juneteenth celebration. Simpson says she enjoys the gospel music and the event, which \"means a lot\". \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6534-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the Lyric Performing Arts Academy dance down Fillmore Street as part of San Francisco's Juneteenth celebration.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675347\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Lyric Performing Arts Academy dance down Fillmore Street as part of San Francisco's Juneteenth celebration.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This week marks Juneteenth, or June 19, a celebration that honors the end of slavery in America.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1529250140,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":294},"headData":{"title":"PHOTOS: Juneteenth Celebration in San Francisco | KQED","description":"This week marks Juneteenth, or June 19, a celebration that honors the end of slavery in America.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"PHOTOS: Juneteenth Celebration in San Francisco","datePublished":"2018-06-17T15:42:20.000Z","dateModified":"2018-06-17T15:42:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11675338 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11675338","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/06/17/photos-juneteenth-celebration-in-san-francisco/","disqusTitle":"PHOTOS: Juneteenth Celebration in San Francisco","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2018/06/juneteenth.mp3","path":"/news/11675338/photos-juneteenth-celebration-in-san-francisco","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week marks Juneteenth, or June 19, a celebration that honors the end of slavery in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June 19 is the day more than 150 years ago that U.S. troops swept into Texas to liberate slaves who didn't yet know they were free, nearly three years after President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the black community in San Francisco in general... this is the biggest—this is the only thing we really have,\" said Richard Bougere, the event organizer, who has been coming to the Juneteenth celebration since he was one-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it serves almost like a family reunion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 68th annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfjuneteenth.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juneteenth\u003c/a> event in San Francisco was held on Saturday in the Fillmore District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675341\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6552-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Loriel Price, 8, of San Francisco in the petting zoo at the city's Juneteenth celebration. She says she's always wanted a horse or a rabbit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675341\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Loriel Price, 8, of San Francisco in the petting zoo at the city's Juneteenth celebration. She says she's always wanted a horse or a rabbit. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675344\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6542-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Rodrick Jones of San Francisco selling a Warriors t-shirt to neighbor Dianne Jordan. They both say they've been coming to the festival for years.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675344\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rodrick Jones of San Francisco selling a Warriors t-shirt to neighbor Dianne Jordan. They both say they've been coming to the festival for years. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6538-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sylvia Whitley at her hometown Juneteenth celebration in San Francisco. She lives in Richmond now but works in her cousin's construction and catering company, Yolanda's Construction/YoRays. Of the unusual combination, Whitley shrugs, "We can cook!"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sylvia Whitley at her hometown Juneteenth celebration in San Francisco. She lives in Richmond now but works in her cousin's construction and catering company, Yolanda's Construction/YoRays. Of the unusual combination, Whitley shrugs, \"We can cook!\" \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6537-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Shamica Simpson and children Jaden and Neveah Pineda, 9 and 5, of San Francisco await the performance of her third child, Marlon, 12 (not pictured) at the city's 2018 Juneteenth celebration. Simpson says she enjoys the gospel music and the event, which "means a lot".\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675346\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shamica Simpson and children Jaden and Neveah Pineda, 9 and 5, of San Francisco await the performance of her third child, Marlon, 12 (not pictured) at the city's 2018 Juneteenth celebration. Simpson says she enjoys the gospel music and the event, which \"means a lot\". \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6534-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the Lyric Performing Arts Academy dance down Fillmore Street as part of San Francisco's Juneteenth celebration.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675347\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Lyric Performing Arts Academy dance down Fillmore Street as part of San Francisco's Juneteenth celebration.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11675338/photos-juneteenth-celebration-in-san-francisco","authors":["3214"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_22210","news_23528","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11675349","label":"news_72"},"news_11650875":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11650875","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11650875","score":null,"sort":[1519421785000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"librarians-on-the-line-evaluating-childrens-books-about-police","title":"Librarians on the Line: Evaluating Children's Books About Police","publishDate":1519421785,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>It’s Monday morning story time at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandlibrary.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Public Library’s\u003c/a> downtown branch. Children’s librarian Mahasin Abuwi Aleem reads to a couple dozen kids. Today, she's starting with a book called \u003ca href=\"https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-689-84693-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Abiyoyo,\"\u003c/a> based on a South African folk song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once upon a time there was a little boy who played the ukulele,” she starts, and the children sit rapt attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids' books can be pretty fun and they can help children learn about difficult subjects, like potty training, fighting with siblings and, for many kids, what the role of a police officer is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But children's literature hasn't necessarily kept up with the times on that last topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you’re reading a story to a child take a look at how the book talks about good guys and bad guys. Is there any mention that in the United States people are innocent until proven guilty? If there are cops in the story, are they wearing body cameras?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'The Talk'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aleem uses books to help introduce law enforcement to her own three kids, now aged 3, 8 and 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In books, they were mostly depicted as community helpers,\" says Aleem. \"And as [my kids] have gotten older and been more aware of current events, we’ve talked more and more about how, just like in every field, there are people who are thoughtful and conscious and want to do the right thing. And there are people on the police force who may not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due in part to the \u003ca href=\"https://blacklivesmatter.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black Lives Matter\u003c/a> movement, those are conversations that lots of parents are having these days — and have long been a part of child rearing for African-American families like Aleem’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help guide those difficult discussions, Oakland librarians have created \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rytbtFbHtH6UYRLzUQDf3h4gJ6noSPIAxhHJsfo-QTw/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a toolkit\u003c/a> for evaluating children’s books that feature police. It's a publicly available document to help librarians and other educators examine whether a book accurately reflects how the law really works or reflects the full range of children’s realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem we have with police books right now is there really isn’t much that represents that fearful side,” explains Amy Martin, the Oakland Public Library's children’s collection management librarian. Martin spearheaded the creation of the toolkit. She takes out a picture book called \"I’m Afraid Your Teddy Is In Trouble Today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book opens with two police officers confronting the reader at their front door, telling them their teddy bear had a wild party and trashed the house, and now is in big trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recognizing Fears, Explaining Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a child who’s come home to a parent being arrested, that could be a really, really frightening image,” Martin says. So it may not be the best thing to read to that kid. Martin fully breaks down some problems with the book on a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://readingwhilewhite.blogspot.com/2018/01/rethinking-books-about-police-putting_8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reading While White\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toolkit doesn’t review specific books. Instead, it provides questions, like: Does this book explain children’s rights to have a parent or other adult present during questioning? Does it imply that children will always be safe if they follow officers' instructions? Does the book make a distinction between prison and jail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11650920\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11650920 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Public Library's children’s collection management librarian Amy Martin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone’s innocent until proven guilty, and in almost every children’s book I’ve looked at that involves police, there’s language right from the start about guilt,\" says Martin. \"Like they will call them 'bad guys'; some books will call them 'criminals.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin got supportive feedback from an Oakland police lieutenant and other groups before publishing the guide, which is being used throughout Oakland’s library system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellie Grimmer, who came to story time at the library, says she’s grateful for guidance about how to talk with her two kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been times where we’ve read stories and afterwards, when the kids are away, my husband and I are like 'Well, that’s kind of true, about police, but sometimes it’s not,'\" says Grimmer. \"It depends on what you look like and where you’re from. ... It’s complicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors and publishers have gradually been including black- and brown-skinned characters in children’s books. Nuanced portrayals of law enforcement could be a next step, to make sure that every child can see their own world reflected in a story.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Oakland librarians have created a toolkit for evaluating children’s books that feature police. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1519425945,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":778},"headData":{"title":"Librarians on the Line: Evaluating Children's Books About Police | KQED","description":"Oakland librarians have created a toolkit for evaluating children’s books that feature police. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Librarians on the Line: Evaluating Children's Books About Police","datePublished":"2018-02-23T21:36:25.000Z","dateModified":"2018-02-23T22:45:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11650875 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11650875","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/23/librarians-on-the-line-evaluating-childrens-books-about-police/","disqusTitle":"Librarians on the Line: Evaluating Children's Books About Police","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/02/StelzerPoliceChildrensBooks.mp3","path":"/news/11650875/librarians-on-the-line-evaluating-childrens-books-about-police","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s Monday morning story time at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandlibrary.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Public Library’s\u003c/a> downtown branch. Children’s librarian Mahasin Abuwi Aleem reads to a couple dozen kids. Today, she's starting with a book called \u003ca href=\"https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-689-84693-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Abiyoyo,\"\u003c/a> based on a South African folk song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once upon a time there was a little boy who played the ukulele,” she starts, and the children sit rapt attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids' books can be pretty fun and they can help children learn about difficult subjects, like potty training, fighting with siblings and, for many kids, what the role of a police officer is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But children's literature hasn't necessarily kept up with the times on that last topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you’re reading a story to a child take a look at how the book talks about good guys and bad guys. Is there any mention that in the United States people are innocent until proven guilty? If there are cops in the story, are they wearing body cameras?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'The Talk'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aleem uses books to help introduce law enforcement to her own three kids, now aged 3, 8 and 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In books, they were mostly depicted as community helpers,\" says Aleem. \"And as [my kids] have gotten older and been more aware of current events, we’ve talked more and more about how, just like in every field, there are people who are thoughtful and conscious and want to do the right thing. And there are people on the police force who may not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due in part to the \u003ca href=\"https://blacklivesmatter.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black Lives Matter\u003c/a> movement, those are conversations that lots of parents are having these days — and have long been a part of child rearing for African-American families like Aleem’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help guide those difficult discussions, Oakland librarians have created \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rytbtFbHtH6UYRLzUQDf3h4gJ6noSPIAxhHJsfo-QTw/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a toolkit\u003c/a> for evaluating children’s books that feature police. It's a publicly available document to help librarians and other educators examine whether a book accurately reflects how the law really works or reflects the full range of children’s realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem we have with police books right now is there really isn’t much that represents that fearful side,” explains Amy Martin, the Oakland Public Library's children’s collection management librarian. Martin spearheaded the creation of the toolkit. She takes out a picture book called \"I’m Afraid Your Teddy Is In Trouble Today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book opens with two police officers confronting the reader at their front door, telling them their teddy bear had a wild party and trashed the house, and now is in big trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recognizing Fears, Explaining Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a child who’s come home to a parent being arrested, that could be a really, really frightening image,” Martin says. So it may not be the best thing to read to that kid. Martin fully breaks down some problems with the book on a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://readingwhilewhite.blogspot.com/2018/01/rethinking-books-about-police-putting_8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reading While White\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toolkit doesn’t review specific books. Instead, it provides questions, like: Does this book explain children’s rights to have a parent or other adult present during questioning? Does it imply that children will always be safe if they follow officers' instructions? Does the book make a distinction between prison and jail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11650920\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11650920 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Public Library's children’s collection management librarian Amy Martin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone’s innocent until proven guilty, and in almost every children’s book I’ve looked at that involves police, there’s language right from the start about guilt,\" says Martin. \"Like they will call them 'bad guys'; some books will call them 'criminals.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin got supportive feedback from an Oakland police lieutenant and other groups before publishing the guide, which is being used throughout Oakland’s library system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellie Grimmer, who came to story time at the library, says she’s grateful for guidance about how to talk with her two kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been times where we’ve read stories and afterwards, when the kids are away, my husband and I are like 'Well, that’s kind of true, about police, but sometimes it’s not,'\" says Grimmer. \"It depends on what you look like and where you’re from. ... It’s complicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors and publishers have gradually been including black- and brown-skinned characters in children’s books. Nuanced portrayals of law enforcement could be a next step, to make sure that every child can see their own world reflected in a story.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11650875/librarians-on-the-line-evaluating-childrens-books-about-police","authors":["213"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_18","news_2504","news_116","news_20219","news_17286"],"featImg":"news_11650919","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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