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"content": "\u003cp>How many people are homeless in San Francisco?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That question is the basis for the most frequent Google search in the city regarding homelessness. The answer, though, is elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple government agencies have attempted to calculate the scope of homelessness, but accurately measuring it or its social and economic impacts is difficult, if not impossible. Homelessness can take many forms and is often a temporary status, making it hard to reliably track.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cstrong>Homelessness is a complex issue. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/sf-homeless-project\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more >>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/sf-homeless-project\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3-800x240.jpg\" alt=\"sfproject3\" width=\"800\" height=\"240\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11004769\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3-400x120.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The city hopes to build a more comprehensive information system, making it easier to count and provide assistance to homeless people. Currently, however, estimates on the number of people living on San Francisco’s streets — and the costs associated with them — vary dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The figure 6,686 is the most widely circulated approximation of those who are homeless in the city. That number comes from a count made on a single night in January 2015, when volunteers fanned out across San Francisco and identified people who appeared to be sleeping on the streets, in parks, in cars, or anywhere else not meant for human habitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those staying in a temporary shelter that evening were also counted to come up with the final estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biennial survey -- conducted in cities across the country at the behest of the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development -- provides the only consistent and uniform data enumerating street people. The information from those counts influences everything from federal funding for homeless services to newspaper headlines to discussions at City Hall. But they stem from an imprecise science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_data_web.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11002534\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_data_web.jpg\" alt=\"homeless_data_web\" width=\"568\" height=\"1145\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_data_web.jpg 568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_data_web-400x806.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cities, including San Francisco, volunteers are told not to speak with the people they’re counting for safety reasons, forcing them to rely on visual cues. Some, like a person curled up in a sleeping bag on the street, are pretty clear. Others, like someone pushing a cart full of recyclables, are less definitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big undercount, because they just look at someone and assume a housing status,” said Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the San Francisco advocacy group Coalition to End Homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The HUD survey also excludes people in jail, in hospitals, sleeping on a friend’s couch or waiting for a shelter bed, as well as individuals who evaded the canvassers. The thousands of formerly homeless residing in permanent supportive housing -- which offers a suite of services along with an apartment room for life -- are also excluded from the figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not perfect, but it’s a good snapshot in time of the homeless,” said Eduardo Cabrera, a spokesman for HUD who participated in San Francisco’s most recent survey. “At this point, it’s the best tool we have to measure the extent of homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000275\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000275\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless person sleeps on Market St. in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671.jpg 1671w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless person sleeps on Market St. in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Michael Macor/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9,975 Homeless in the City?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Department of Public Health maintains a robust database that accounts for every homeless person that uses medical, mental health or substance abuse services in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the HUD count, which takes place over just a few hours, Public Health’s database, called the Coordinated Care Management System, tracks people who have experienced homelessness at any point during an entire fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s better for getting a sense of how many people in a community are touched by homelessness over a longer time span,” said Barry Lee, a Penn State sociology professor familiar with similar tracking systems. “By its nature, homelessness is episodic, it’s fluid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal 2014-15, Public Health’s CCMS reported 9,975 homeless individuals in the city, a figure nearly 50 percent higher than the biennial homeless count’s estimate (32 percent higher when including the supplemental youth count). The database, which provides a detailed breakdown of the health conditions and demographics of the people it tracks, paints a stark picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2014-15 fiscal year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>More than half of the homeless people in CCMS had a history of depression or psychoses.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Roughly 60 percent had, at some point, abused drugs or alcohol.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A third had been intermittently homeless for longer than a decade, up from 9 percent in 2007. Nearly half of those individuals were African American. Just 6 percent of the city’s general population is black.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The number of homeless people age 60 or older jumped 30 percent, from 856 individuals in 2007 to 1,103 last year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>79 homeless people died in 2014-15. As of April, 87 homeless individuals had died in 2015-16, with three months left in the fiscal year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Homeless people cost the city more than $150 million in emergency health care last year, including ambulance rides, emergency room visits, placements in sobering centers and other services. A relatively small number accrued significantly high care costs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The 1,320 homeless people needing the most aid required $108 million in emergency medical and mental health services last year -- or roughly $80,000 on average -- accounting for nearly a quarter of all such costs in San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“They’re a very vulnerable, very sick, and very high-cost group,” said Maria X. Martinez, a Public Health director who helps oversee CCMS. “They’re the people you’re stepping over on the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Health’s information system has helped San Francisco target and track its most needy residents, but it has a practical limitation: It only captures those using medical, mental health or substance abuse services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger street people, who are typically healthier, are under-represented, according to Friedenbach. The more than 2,000 schoolchildren living without a stable home, according to the San Francisco Unified School District, are also probably missing from the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedenbach estimates there are closer to 13,000 homeless people in the city over the course of an entire year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000277\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-800x480.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless man, uses a pew to catch up on some sleep recently at St. Boniface Catholic church. The highly-regarded Gubbio project at St. Boniface church in San Francisco's Tenderloin community is facing hard times. Nearly 100 homeless men and women, who are now able to sleep in the pews and use the church bathroom, are being forced back onto the streets early next week due to shortened hours and a lack of funding. \" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-800x480.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-400x240.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-1180x707.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-960x576.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless man, uses a pew to catch up on some sleep recently at St. Boniface Catholic church. The highly-regarded Gubbio project at St. Boniface church in San Francisco's Tenderloin community is facing hard times. Nearly 100 homeless men and women, who are now able to sleep in the pews and use the church bathroom, are being forced back onto the streets early next week due to shortened hours and a lack of funding. \u003ccite>(Brant Ward/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing or Shrinking?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Public Health’s database shows the homeless population is getting older, sicker, and spending more time on the streets, it also suggests there are now fewer of them in San Francisco. In 2007, the city health department recorded nearly 12,000 homeless individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data run counter to the point-in-time estimates. Both HUD and the biennial count show the number of homeless, particularly those without shelter, has grown over the past decade -- a trend that matches public perception in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been here 26 years, and the homeless problem is worse than it has ever been,” said Candace Combs, a massage studio owner and president of the Mission Creek Merchants Association. “When I walk by these encampments, as a woman, it doesn’t feel safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combs isn’t the only person concerned about the growing number of tarps and tents on the sidewalks; there has been a surge in 311 complaints regarding encampments in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, the city’s 311 line recorded 898 encampment-related grievances, or between two and three per day, according to a Chronicle analysis. As of mid-May this year, there had been 6,982 complaints about homeless camps, or more than 50 per day. (Andy Maimoni, deputy director of 311, attributed some of the growth to a new category for homeless camps added to the mobile app in October.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>311 complaints, of course, don’t measure the number of homeless people, but public sentiment. The spike in such grievances may not reflect a growing homeless population, just a more visible one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There used to a be a lot of marginal space, but that has become valuable real estate in a lot of places,” Lee, of Penn State, said, referring not just to the situation in San Francisco, but many parts of the nation. “You might be seeing more people out and about, but it could be because they have nowhere else to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000285\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000285\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-800x511.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless man shows his rings he has collected over the past 5 years. He spends his days sitting in the branches of an Australian Tea Tree reading books and taking with passers by in Golden Gate Park. \" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-800x511.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-400x256.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-1180x754.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-960x614.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless man shows his rings he has collected over the past 5 years. He spends his days sitting in the branches of an Australian Tea Tree reading books and taking with passers by in Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Michael Macor/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creating a Better System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difficulty of accurately tracking how many people are homeless isn’t unique to San Francisco. Due to its often transient and temporary nature, it’s virtually impossible to make a precise count of homeless individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think any city will ever say, ‘We feel confident that we have counted every single homeless person,’” said Nan Roman, president of National Alliance to End Homelessness in Washington, D.C. “But you can get close, you can get the dimensions, and if you’re consistent in the count methodology, you can measure progress from year to year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, San Francisco doesn’t have a single information network to track homeless people, but rather a number of separate databases managed by different service providers. Jeff Kositsky, director of San Francisco’s new Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing, hopes to solve that problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kositsky plans to unite the disparate homeless information systems, including the Department of Public Health’s CCMS, allowing the city to better track its neediest residents and connect them to appropriate services -- whether that’s housing, a shelter bed or medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting all services under one roof should not only make it easier for the city to track the number of people living on the streets, it should also make it simpler for homeless people to access care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re homeless, you may need to be assessed three, four different times, answering the same questions each time; it’s unfair, inefficient and not respectful of people we’re trying to serve,” Kositsky said. “Clients have to get into many different lines to access services, and we’re going to ask them to get into one line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kositsky anticipates the new homeless system will be partially running by next October, and fully functional by the fall of 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joaquin Palomino is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: jpalomino@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @JoaquinPalomino\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>About this project: This week, the Chronicle joins more than 70 other news organizations to focus San Francisco’s attention on the seemingly intractable problem of homelessness in our city. Videos, interactive graphics, and coverage from other media can be found online at sfchronicle.com/homeless and sfhomelessproject.com, and on Twitter at @bayareahomeless. Join the online conversation at #sfhomelessproject.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "That question is the basis for the most frequent Google search in the city regarding homelessness. The answer, though, is elusive.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/author/joaquin-palomino/\">Joaquin Palomino\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=''>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>How many people are homeless in San Francisco?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That question is the basis for the most frequent Google search in the city regarding homelessness. The answer, though, is elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple government agencies have attempted to calculate the scope of homelessness, but accurately measuring it or its social and economic impacts is difficult, if not impossible. Homelessness can take many forms and is often a temporary status, making it hard to reliably track.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cstrong>Homelessness is a complex issue. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/sf-homeless-project\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more >>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/sf-homeless-project\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3-800x240.jpg\" alt=\"sfproject3\" width=\"800\" height=\"240\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11004769\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3-400x120.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The city hopes to build a more comprehensive information system, making it easier to count and provide assistance to homeless people. Currently, however, estimates on the number of people living on San Francisco’s streets — and the costs associated with them — vary dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The figure 6,686 is the most widely circulated approximation of those who are homeless in the city. That number comes from a count made on a single night in January 2015, when volunteers fanned out across San Francisco and identified people who appeared to be sleeping on the streets, in parks, in cars, or anywhere else not meant for human habitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those staying in a temporary shelter that evening were also counted to come up with the final estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biennial survey -- conducted in cities across the country at the behest of the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development -- provides the only consistent and uniform data enumerating street people. The information from those counts influences everything from federal funding for homeless services to newspaper headlines to discussions at City Hall. But they stem from an imprecise science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_data_web.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11002534\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_data_web.jpg\" alt=\"homeless_data_web\" width=\"568\" height=\"1145\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_data_web.jpg 568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_data_web-400x806.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cities, including San Francisco, volunteers are told not to speak with the people they’re counting for safety reasons, forcing them to rely on visual cues. Some, like a person curled up in a sleeping bag on the street, are pretty clear. Others, like someone pushing a cart full of recyclables, are less definitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big undercount, because they just look at someone and assume a housing status,” said Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the San Francisco advocacy group Coalition to End Homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The HUD survey also excludes people in jail, in hospitals, sleeping on a friend’s couch or waiting for a shelter bed, as well as individuals who evaded the canvassers. The thousands of formerly homeless residing in permanent supportive housing -- which offers a suite of services along with an apartment room for life -- are also excluded from the figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not perfect, but it’s a good snapshot in time of the homeless,” said Eduardo Cabrera, a spokesman for HUD who participated in San Francisco’s most recent survey. “At this point, it’s the best tool we have to measure the extent of homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000275\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000275\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless person sleeps on Market St. in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_03_1671.jpg 1671w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless person sleeps on Market St. in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Michael Macor/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9,975 Homeless in the City?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Department of Public Health maintains a robust database that accounts for every homeless person that uses medical, mental health or substance abuse services in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the HUD count, which takes place over just a few hours, Public Health’s database, called the Coordinated Care Management System, tracks people who have experienced homelessness at any point during an entire fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s better for getting a sense of how many people in a community are touched by homelessness over a longer time span,” said Barry Lee, a Penn State sociology professor familiar with similar tracking systems. “By its nature, homelessness is episodic, it’s fluid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal 2014-15, Public Health’s CCMS reported 9,975 homeless individuals in the city, a figure nearly 50 percent higher than the biennial homeless count’s estimate (32 percent higher when including the supplemental youth count). The database, which provides a detailed breakdown of the health conditions and demographics of the people it tracks, paints a stark picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2014-15 fiscal year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>More than half of the homeless people in CCMS had a history of depression or psychoses.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Roughly 60 percent had, at some point, abused drugs or alcohol.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A third had been intermittently homeless for longer than a decade, up from 9 percent in 2007. Nearly half of those individuals were African American. Just 6 percent of the city’s general population is black.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The number of homeless people age 60 or older jumped 30 percent, from 856 individuals in 2007 to 1,103 last year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>79 homeless people died in 2014-15. As of April, 87 homeless individuals had died in 2015-16, with three months left in the fiscal year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Homeless people cost the city more than $150 million in emergency health care last year, including ambulance rides, emergency room visits, placements in sobering centers and other services. A relatively small number accrued significantly high care costs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The 1,320 homeless people needing the most aid required $108 million in emergency medical and mental health services last year -- or roughly $80,000 on average -- accounting for nearly a quarter of all such costs in San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“They’re a very vulnerable, very sick, and very high-cost group,” said Maria X. Martinez, a Public Health director who helps oversee CCMS. “They’re the people you’re stepping over on the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Health’s information system has helped San Francisco target and track its most needy residents, but it has a practical limitation: It only captures those using medical, mental health or substance abuse services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger street people, who are typically healthier, are under-represented, according to Friedenbach. The more than 2,000 schoolchildren living without a stable home, according to the San Francisco Unified School District, are also probably missing from the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedenbach estimates there are closer to 13,000 homeless people in the city over the course of an entire year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000277\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-800x480.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless man, uses a pew to catch up on some sleep recently at St. Boniface Catholic church. The highly-regarded Gubbio project at St. Boniface church in San Francisco's Tenderloin community is facing hard times. Nearly 100 homeless men and women, who are now able to sleep in the pews and use the church bathroom, are being forced back onto the streets early next week due to shortened hours and a lack of funding. \" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-800x480.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-400x240.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-1180x707.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_02_1920-960x576.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless man, uses a pew to catch up on some sleep recently at St. Boniface Catholic church. The highly-regarded Gubbio project at St. Boniface church in San Francisco's Tenderloin community is facing hard times. Nearly 100 homeless men and women, who are now able to sleep in the pews and use the church bathroom, are being forced back onto the streets early next week due to shortened hours and a lack of funding. \u003ccite>(Brant Ward/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing or Shrinking?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Public Health’s database shows the homeless population is getting older, sicker, and spending more time on the streets, it also suggests there are now fewer of them in San Francisco. In 2007, the city health department recorded nearly 12,000 homeless individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data run counter to the point-in-time estimates. Both HUD and the biennial count show the number of homeless, particularly those without shelter, has grown over the past decade -- a trend that matches public perception in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been here 26 years, and the homeless problem is worse than it has ever been,” said Candace Combs, a massage studio owner and president of the Mission Creek Merchants Association. “When I walk by these encampments, as a woman, it doesn’t feel safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combs isn’t the only person concerned about the growing number of tarps and tents on the sidewalks; there has been a surge in 311 complaints regarding encampments in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, the city’s 311 line recorded 898 encampment-related grievances, or between two and three per day, according to a Chronicle analysis. As of mid-May this year, there had been 6,982 complaints about homeless camps, or more than 50 per day. (Andy Maimoni, deputy director of 311, attributed some of the growth to a new category for homeless camps added to the mobile app in October.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>311 complaints, of course, don’t measure the number of homeless people, but public sentiment. The spike in such grievances may not reflect a growing homeless population, just a more visible one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There used to a be a lot of marginal space, but that has become valuable real estate in a lot of places,” Lee, of Penn State, said, referring not just to the situation in San Francisco, but many parts of the nation. “You might be seeing more people out and about, but it could be because they have nowhere else to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000285\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000285\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-800x511.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless man shows his rings he has collected over the past 5 years. He spends his days sitting in the branches of an Australian Tea Tree reading books and taking with passers by in Golden Gate Park. \" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-800x511.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-400x256.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-1180x754.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500-960x614.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_08_1500.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless man shows his rings he has collected over the past 5 years. He spends his days sitting in the branches of an Australian Tea Tree reading books and taking with passers by in Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Michael Macor/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creating a Better System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difficulty of accurately tracking how many people are homeless isn’t unique to San Francisco. Due to its often transient and temporary nature, it’s virtually impossible to make a precise count of homeless individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think any city will ever say, ‘We feel confident that we have counted every single homeless person,’” said Nan Roman, president of National Alliance to End Homelessness in Washington, D.C. “But you can get close, you can get the dimensions, and if you’re consistent in the count methodology, you can measure progress from year to year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, San Francisco doesn’t have a single information network to track homeless people, but rather a number of separate databases managed by different service providers. Jeff Kositsky, director of San Francisco’s new Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing, hopes to solve that problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kositsky plans to unite the disparate homeless information systems, including the Department of Public Health’s CCMS, allowing the city to better track its neediest residents and connect them to appropriate services -- whether that’s housing, a shelter bed or medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting all services under one roof should not only make it easier for the city to track the number of people living on the streets, it should also make it simpler for homeless people to access care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re homeless, you may need to be assessed three, four different times, answering the same questions each time; it’s unfair, inefficient and not respectful of people we’re trying to serve,” Kositsky said. “Clients have to get into many different lines to access services, and we’re going to ask them to get into one line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kositsky anticipates the new homeless system will be partially running by next October, and fully functional by the fall of 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joaquin Palomino is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: jpalomino@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @JoaquinPalomino\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>About this project: This week, the Chronicle joins more than 70 other news organizations to focus San Francisco’s attention on the seemingly intractable problem of homelessness in our city. Videos, interactive graphics, and coverage from other media can be found online at sfchronicle.com/homeless and sfhomelessproject.com, and on Twitter at @bayareahomeless. Join the online conversation at #sfhomelessproject.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "S.F. Homeless Problem Looks the Same as It Did 20 Years Ago",
"title": "S.F. Homeless Problem Looks the Same as It Did 20 Years Ago",
"headTitle": "SF Homeless Project | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Fifty years ago, the destitute figures who dotted America’s streets were called winos and hobos, and in San Francisco they mainly stuck to Third Street’s Skid Row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, with the end of the Vietnam War, battle-shocked veterans began filling urban alleyways. The 1980s brought Reaganomics’ decimation of federal social and housing programs, and a cascade of the poor and mentally ill landed on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of that decade, a new term had entered the lexicon of San Francisco and the rest of the nation: homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271154169\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, despite the efforts of six mayoral administrations dating back to Dianne Feinstein, homelessness is stamped into the city so deeply it has become a defining characteristic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco initially responded by providing temporary, spartan shelters. Now, it permanently houses thousands of people salvaged from the streets through multimillion-dollar residential and counseling programs. But still, the city remains home to sprawling tent cities, junkies squatting on blankets shooting heroin, and all manner of anguished destitute people and beggars holding out hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cstrong>Homelessness is a complex issue. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/sf-homeless-project\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more >>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/sf-homeless-project\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3-800x240.jpg\" alt=\"sfproject3\" width=\"800\" height=\"240\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11004769\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3-400x120.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The city’s last official one-day count, in 2015, put the adult homeless population at 6,686. But another city survey puts the total closer to 10,000, and many officials and advocates for homeless people say the number may be higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the case, homelessness in San Francisco doesn’t look much different than it did 10 years ago. Or 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Money has always been part of the problem -- no matter how much the city has spent, it has never been enough. But homelessness has also persisted because of a lack of focus and because good intentions have fallen short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless woman from the encampment on 5th Street near the Bay Bridge entrance laid in the sidewalk and street Tuesday March 3, 2015. Homeless encampments are still prevalent in San Francisco, Calif. and their locations are becoming more apparent.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-400x270.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-960x649.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless woman from the encampment on 5th Street near the Bay Bridge entrance laid in the sidewalk and street Tuesday March 3, 2015. Homeless encampments are still prevalent in San Francisco, Calif. and their locations are becoming more apparent. \u003ccite>(Brant Ward/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shelters Weren’t Answer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1980s, as a growing number of street people began living out of shopping carts downtown, Mayor Feinstein joined the rest of the country in adopting the shelter-bed-and-a-sandwich approach. Offer a place of respite, the thought was, and they can turn it around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities from San Francisco to New York learned that without dealing with the underlying factors that cause the most acutely troubled people to lose their housing -- mental illness, substance abuse, disabilities and joblessness -- temporary shelters accomplish little. That realization led to another: Doing more than just providing a cot for the night is incredibly expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has been a national leader in getting people off the streets and into housing where they receive the counseling services they need. Since 2004, it has put more than 22,000 people under roofs. But it now spends $241 million a year on homeless programs -- more than double the budget for the city Recreation and Park Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such spending can seem like sand shoveled into a tide. Workers at the eight city departments and 76 private and nonprofit organizations who devote themselves to restoring street-ravaged lives say there has been a lot of progress, but no end of frustration and criticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I shake my head and think, ‘What are we trying to do here?’” Mayor Ed Lee said one day as he watched a homeless camp being disassembled and its inhabitants moved into the city’s one-stop Navigation Center of homeless housing services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying everything we can,” Lee said. “It takes time. It is not easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Why Can’t They Do More?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalid Abdul-Rahim, who works as a security guard along the Embarcadero, regularly has to shoo homeless people away from Justin Herman Plaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do new shelters like that Navigation Center, but why can’t they do more real housing permanently?” he asked one rainy night last winter as he watched three people shiver under thin blankets in a bus shelter. “I had one guy pull a fork on me to stab me once out here. I see people all the time hungry, sleeping outside, miserable. How can this be in a city this rich? It’s about humanity. Shouldn’t be this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few understand the misery of homelessness better than Daniel Pledger. Born and raised in San Francisco, he’s been without a roof off and on for many of his 65 years -- a notable exception being when he played bass in the locally popular punk band Seizure in the 1970s and ’80s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pledger has spent most of the past year sleeping on the streets around Potrero Hill. He kicked heroin five years ago, but his struggles with alcohol have gotten him evicted from one place after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to have a wife,” he said recently, sitting on a Tenderloin sidewalk with a Hefty bag full of his clothes. “I had a place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now I am the invisible man. People walk right by me. I have to get control of this demon -- of the booze -- but there are a lot of guys like me out here. Have they given up on us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First Innovation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Art Agnos took the first step in San Francisco to move beyond overnight shelters. In the late 1980s, he created two large complexes with not just beds, but also mental health and substance-abuse counselors on site -- what have come to be called supportive services. He envisioned a program that would direct street people from there into permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there wasn’t enough housing available. As Agnos struggled to ramp up his plans, a colony of homeless people in front of City Hall grew into the hundreds and was derisively dubbed “Camp Agnos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 1990, Agnos finally ordered police to sweep out the Civic Center squatters, abandoning his promise to transition them inside. Yet the stench of civic ineffectiveness had set in. The homelessness issue Agnos had taken on with such hope sank his bid for re-election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the shelter-counseling complexes that Agnos created are mere shelters -- and he remains frustrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do know what to do, but we haven’t had the conviction or the commitment to make it happen,” Agnos said. “We could end homelessness as a commonplace occurrence in American cities if we adopted the same kind of commitment we did in addressing World War II: if we treat it like we want to win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But until the public and the politicians who serve them say we are going to win this, we won’t. There is a bright spot here and there, and bleakness in everything else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man who succeeded Agnos as mayor, former Police Chief Frank Jordan, changed tactics, using police as outreach workers as well as enforcers. Under his Matrix program, their job was to clear the streets of homeless camps and aggressive panhandlers and steer them into housing and counseling programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, there weren’t enough programs to handle the thousands of indigents on the streets. And enlisting police as social workers drew ceaseless attacks from the city’s progressives, torpedoing Jordan’s re-election bid as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Willie Brown followed with efforts at supportive housing, but ultimately -- and famously -- declared the homeless problem unsolvable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His successor, Gavin Newsom, took the most aggressive stance yet toward tackling the issue. In 2004, he announced a 10-year plan to end chronic homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it failed to reach that goal, it did result in moving 22,000 homeless people off the streets into either housing or onto buses headed home. And in the past few years, the majority of the city’s destitute military veterans -- many suffering post-traumatic stress from as far back as the 1970s -- have been moved indoors, thanks in part to a national effort led by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet the city’s streets look the same today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a mythology that you can, quote unquote, end homelessness at any moment,” Newsom said in 2014. “But there are new people coming in, suffering through the cycles of their lives. It’s the manifestation of complete, abject failure as a society. We’ll never solve this at City Hall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Supervisor Angela Alioto, who was in charge of crafting the 10-year plan, says it failed because it didn’t create enough counseling and engagement, not just for street people, but for those already housed -- some of whom still panhandle, making the homeless landscape look even worse than it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to do housing, what I call ‘minute clinics’ for health and counseling in every building, and get the homeless involved in things that make them feel good about themselves -- volunteer work, charity, whatever,” Alioto said recently as she handed out dollar bills to a couple of panhandlers in North Beach. “It’s about dignity. Housing is not the end, it’s the beginning, if you really want to get everyone off the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000156\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000156\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-800x581.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless panhandler plied his trade as traffic came off the freeway near 13th Street Wednesday July 15, 2015. Although San Francisco housed over 3,000 homeless people in the last two years, the overall homeless count stubbornly remains about the same. \" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-800x581.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-400x290.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-1180x857.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-960x697.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless panhandler plied his trade as traffic came off the freeway near 13th Street Wednesday July 15, 2015. Although San Francisco housed over 3,000 homeless people in the last two years, the overall homeless count stubbornly remains about the same. \u003ccite>(Brant Ward/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Different Types of Homeless\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What became clear over all the years is that the city’s homeless population is anything but homogeneous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there are about 1,300 homeless people in San Francisco in either individual or family shelters, and another 1,500 in jail, transitional housing, hospitals or otherwise indoors. Some 3,500 are estimated to be “unsheltered,” and about half of those make up the hard-core street population -- the most obvious, most troubled and most expensive homeless people in the city to care for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estimates by San Francisco officials and by the Silicon Valley Economic Roundtable are that each of those chronic cases costs about $80,000 a year in police, jail, ambulance and other tabs. By contrast, it costs about $20,000 a year to keep a person in a supportive environment -- the permanent housing where on-site mental therapists, substance abuse counselors and other social workers can help keep a person off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many chronically homeless people crowd into the Tenderloin, where soup kitchens, rehab clinics and poverty-aid organizations are centered. Homeless drug addicts have spread into areas where their dealers are easiest to find: heroin in the Mission District, methamphetamine around Division Street, crack in the Tenderloin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mental Illness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most heart-rending subpopulation is made up of the mentally ill. Here, good intentions are at the heart of how San Francisco’s streets became an open-air mental ward, with deranged people railing at telephone poles or passersby, or muttering to themselves for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1960s and ’70s, state-run mental institutions, where troubled people were once committed against their will, came to be seen by advocates as a means of violating individuals’ rights. Closing them saved money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their demise, the plan, supported by both conservatives and liberals, was for community-based centers across the country to help people instead -- but those were underfunded. The result: A growing population of mentally ill people were turned loose to fend for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s estimated that a third or more of homeless people in San Francisco and nationally suffer from mental illness. The city would need hundreds of new psychiatric-care beds to get them off the sidewalks -- the current inventory of fewer than 1,000 is not nearly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if it created those beds, getting people into them is difficult. Unless they are judged a danger to themselves or others, the mentally ill can’t be forced into care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example: Tatiana and Oksana, Ukrainian immigrants who speak little English and give no last name. Believed to be mother and daughter, they’ve been on the streets for at least a decade, with brief stints in emergency housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair pose no threat as they push their heaped shopping cart through downtown and the Mission, sleeping in doorways and glancing suspiciously at everyone who passes by, so they can’t be compelled to leave the streets. Any conversation with them veers quickly, wildly off track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two social workers, barred by state privacy rules from being identified, interviewed them several times. They concluded that Tatiana is in her 50s and Oksana is in her 30s, and that they are probably mentally ill or impaired. For three years, social workers have tried to get them to give their required permission for psychiatric care -- but the pair won’t commit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Afraid of the ‘Russkies’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two women have repeatedly told The Chronicle through Ukrainian interpreters they don’t need help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re afraid of everyone, afraid we’ll be sent back to the old country,” Tatiana said. “Russians want us to leave the city, they are bad, they are everywhere, but we won’t go. We’re not homeless. We are just on the street. We will not go inside where the Russkies can get us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mental health programs weren’t the only ones bludgeoned by budget cuts. Federal housing aid and social programs were slashed by as much as 80 percent in the 1980s, and state and local governments couldn’t catch up. Many of the people who wound up homeless that decade have never left the street, pushing the average age among the street population to 58.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Millions in Poverty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, with the minimum wage supplying about half or less of the buying power it did in 1980 and about 30 percent of Americans living at or near poverty level, there is a continual flow of people becoming homeless, said Peter Edelman, a Georgetown University law professor specializing in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We never even replaced the affordable-housing support that was destroyed in the 1980s, so if you want to solve homelessness, you need to not have so much poverty,” Edelman said. “What we’ve got is a problem of homelessness created because we haven’t done what we should have in the first place, so now we have to handle it in the second place -- with techniques like supportive housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one area in which San Francisco, with among the highest rents and greatest gulfs between rich and poor in the country, is actually a leader in innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, the city has refined a system of sending outreach counselors into the street to persuade the chronically indigent to accept housing, shelter, employment or medical help -- and then move into permanent supportive housing before they can wander off again. In the past 12 years, San Francisco has put about 12,000 people into such housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is that the city is at least 2,500 supportive-housing units short of what it needs to clear the streets of the most expensive and visible chronically homeless people -- about 1,500 of them -- and to stay ahead of the incoming chronic population every year. But that’s not insurmountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation could be dramatically improved through new private-public funding models, cheaper forms of modular housing, and streamlining techniques for helping people move out of supportive housing after they’ve been stabilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the city’s shelters were expanded by hundreds of beds, and fashioned more along the lines of the 15-month-old Navigation Center, they could finally become the routing tools into housing that Agnos envisioned a quarter-century ago. The center at Mission and 16th streets takes in street campers with their partners, pets and gear and surrounds them with case managers to help them get their lives together quickly. The city is already heading that way: A second center is scheduled to open at Market and 12th streets this week, and the Board of Supervisors has voted to open five more Navigation Centers over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the city’s establishment of a new Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing, streamlining city services for street people under one roof into a more direct focus on housing and counseling, San Francisco has its best opportunity in years to clear the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know how to do what we need to do,” said Jeff Kositsky, head of the new department. “The approach now is the same -- we just have to be creative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bit of Optimism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Friedenbach, whose Coalition on Homelessness advocacy group has spent decades pushing the city to create more housing and services for the indigent, is skeptically optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Matrix is in the trash bin of history and police leaders insist cracking down isn’t the way to solve homelessness, Friedenbach said, the city still puts too much emphasis on breaking up camps whose residents have nowhere good to go and issuing tickets for quality-of-life violations like sitting on sidewalks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Wasting Money’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A city report in May that found taxpayers spend $20 million a year enforcing such laws quantifies the futility of the effort, she said. To Friedenbach, ticketing street people boils down to just two things: “San Francisco is either ruining homeless people’s lives and wasting money, or harassing homeless people and wasting money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With little to show for it, it is time for a new approach,” she said. For Friedenbach, “new” actually means ramping up old concepts -- more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about money,” she said. “We need a sustained revenue source to double the housing units for homeless people, and to do prevention to keep people in their homes and to not become homeless to begin with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that complicated,” she said. “I think in San Francisco, people are ready to do something different. But then, I’ve seen that before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kevin Fagan is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: kfagan@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @KevinChron\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>About this project: This week, the Chronicle will join more than 70 other news organizations to focus San Francisco’s attention on the seemingly intractable problem of homelessness in our city. The S.F. Homeless Project aims to explore possible solutions that might ease, if not end, the suffering of so many thousands of unfortunate people living on our streets, and improve the quality of life for all residents. The project’s primary day of coverage is June 29, but the Chronicle will publish stories and editorials all week. Videos, interactive graphics, and coverage from other media can be found online at \u003ca href=\"http://sfchronicle.com/homeless\">sfchronicle.com/homeless\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://medium.com/sfhomelessproject\">sfhomelessproject\u003c/a>.com, and on Twitter at @bayareahomeless. Join the online conversation at #sfhomelessproject.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fifty years ago, the destitute figures who dotted America’s streets were called winos and hobos, and in San Francisco they mainly stuck to Third Street’s Skid Row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, with the end of the Vietnam War, battle-shocked veterans began filling urban alleyways. The 1980s brought Reaganomics’ decimation of federal social and housing programs, and a cascade of the poor and mentally ill landed on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of that decade, a new term had entered the lexicon of San Francisco and the rest of the nation: homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271154169&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271154169'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, despite the efforts of six mayoral administrations dating back to Dianne Feinstein, homelessness is stamped into the city so deeply it has become a defining characteristic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco initially responded by providing temporary, spartan shelters. Now, it permanently houses thousands of people salvaged from the streets through multimillion-dollar residential and counseling programs. But still, the city remains home to sprawling tent cities, junkies squatting on blankets shooting heroin, and all manner of anguished destitute people and beggars holding out hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cstrong>Homelessness is a complex issue. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/sf-homeless-project\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more >>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/sf-homeless-project\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3-800x240.jpg\" alt=\"sfproject3\" width=\"800\" height=\"240\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11004769\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/sfproject3-400x120.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The city’s last official one-day count, in 2015, put the adult homeless population at 6,686. But another city survey puts the total closer to 10,000, and many officials and advocates for homeless people say the number may be higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the case, homelessness in San Francisco doesn’t look much different than it did 10 years ago. Or 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Money has always been part of the problem -- no matter how much the city has spent, it has never been enough. But homelessness has also persisted because of a lack of focus and because good intentions have fallen short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless woman from the encampment on 5th Street near the Bay Bridge entrance laid in the sidewalk and street Tuesday March 3, 2015. Homeless encampments are still prevalent in San Francisco, Calif. and their locations are becoming more apparent.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-400x270.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_01_1920-960x649.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless woman from the encampment on 5th Street near the Bay Bridge entrance laid in the sidewalk and street Tuesday March 3, 2015. Homeless encampments are still prevalent in San Francisco, Calif. and their locations are becoming more apparent. \u003ccite>(Brant Ward/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shelters Weren’t Answer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1980s, as a growing number of street people began living out of shopping carts downtown, Mayor Feinstein joined the rest of the country in adopting the shelter-bed-and-a-sandwich approach. Offer a place of respite, the thought was, and they can turn it around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities from San Francisco to New York learned that without dealing with the underlying factors that cause the most acutely troubled people to lose their housing -- mental illness, substance abuse, disabilities and joblessness -- temporary shelters accomplish little. That realization led to another: Doing more than just providing a cot for the night is incredibly expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has been a national leader in getting people off the streets and into housing where they receive the counseling services they need. Since 2004, it has put more than 22,000 people under roofs. But it now spends $241 million a year on homeless programs -- more than double the budget for the city Recreation and Park Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such spending can seem like sand shoveled into a tide. Workers at the eight city departments and 76 private and nonprofit organizations who devote themselves to restoring street-ravaged lives say there has been a lot of progress, but no end of frustration and criticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I shake my head and think, ‘What are we trying to do here?’” Mayor Ed Lee said one day as he watched a homeless camp being disassembled and its inhabitants moved into the city’s one-stop Navigation Center of homeless housing services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying everything we can,” Lee said. “It takes time. It is not easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Why Can’t They Do More?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalid Abdul-Rahim, who works as a security guard along the Embarcadero, regularly has to shoo homeless people away from Justin Herman Plaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do new shelters like that Navigation Center, but why can’t they do more real housing permanently?” he asked one rainy night last winter as he watched three people shiver under thin blankets in a bus shelter. “I had one guy pull a fork on me to stab me once out here. I see people all the time hungry, sleeping outside, miserable. How can this be in a city this rich? It’s about humanity. Shouldn’t be this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few understand the misery of homelessness better than Daniel Pledger. Born and raised in San Francisco, he’s been without a roof off and on for many of his 65 years -- a notable exception being when he played bass in the locally popular punk band Seizure in the 1970s and ’80s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pledger has spent most of the past year sleeping on the streets around Potrero Hill. He kicked heroin five years ago, but his struggles with alcohol have gotten him evicted from one place after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to have a wife,” he said recently, sitting on a Tenderloin sidewalk with a Hefty bag full of his clothes. “I had a place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now I am the invisible man. People walk right by me. I have to get control of this demon -- of the booze -- but there are a lot of guys like me out here. Have they given up on us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First Innovation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Art Agnos took the first step in San Francisco to move beyond overnight shelters. In the late 1980s, he created two large complexes with not just beds, but also mental health and substance-abuse counselors on site -- what have come to be called supportive services. He envisioned a program that would direct street people from there into permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there wasn’t enough housing available. As Agnos struggled to ramp up his plans, a colony of homeless people in front of City Hall grew into the hundreds and was derisively dubbed “Camp Agnos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 1990, Agnos finally ordered police to sweep out the Civic Center squatters, abandoning his promise to transition them inside. Yet the stench of civic ineffectiveness had set in. The homelessness issue Agnos had taken on with such hope sank his bid for re-election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the shelter-counseling complexes that Agnos created are mere shelters -- and he remains frustrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do know what to do, but we haven’t had the conviction or the commitment to make it happen,” Agnos said. “We could end homelessness as a commonplace occurrence in American cities if we adopted the same kind of commitment we did in addressing World War II: if we treat it like we want to win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But until the public and the politicians who serve them say we are going to win this, we won’t. There is a bright spot here and there, and bleakness in everything else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man who succeeded Agnos as mayor, former Police Chief Frank Jordan, changed tactics, using police as outreach workers as well as enforcers. Under his Matrix program, their job was to clear the streets of homeless camps and aggressive panhandlers and steer them into housing and counseling programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, there weren’t enough programs to handle the thousands of indigents on the streets. And enlisting police as social workers drew ceaseless attacks from the city’s progressives, torpedoing Jordan’s re-election bid as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Willie Brown followed with efforts at supportive housing, but ultimately -- and famously -- declared the homeless problem unsolvable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His successor, Gavin Newsom, took the most aggressive stance yet toward tackling the issue. In 2004, he announced a 10-year plan to end chronic homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it failed to reach that goal, it did result in moving 22,000 homeless people off the streets into either housing or onto buses headed home. And in the past few years, the majority of the city’s destitute military veterans -- many suffering post-traumatic stress from as far back as the 1970s -- have been moved indoors, thanks in part to a national effort led by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet the city’s streets look the same today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a mythology that you can, quote unquote, end homelessness at any moment,” Newsom said in 2014. “But there are new people coming in, suffering through the cycles of their lives. It’s the manifestation of complete, abject failure as a society. We’ll never solve this at City Hall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Supervisor Angela Alioto, who was in charge of crafting the 10-year plan, says it failed because it didn’t create enough counseling and engagement, not just for street people, but for those already housed -- some of whom still panhandle, making the homeless landscape look even worse than it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to do housing, what I call ‘minute clinics’ for health and counseling in every building, and get the homeless involved in things that make them feel good about themselves -- volunteer work, charity, whatever,” Alioto said recently as she handed out dollar bills to a couple of panhandlers in North Beach. “It’s about dignity. Housing is not the end, it’s the beginning, if you really want to get everyone off the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11000156\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11000156\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-800x581.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless panhandler plied his trade as traffic came off the freeway near 13th Street Wednesday July 15, 2015. Although San Francisco housed over 3,000 homeless people in the last two years, the overall homeless count stubbornly remains about the same. \" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-800x581.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-400x290.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-1180x857.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/homeless_share_06_1920-960x697.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless panhandler plied his trade as traffic came off the freeway near 13th Street Wednesday July 15, 2015. Although San Francisco housed over 3,000 homeless people in the last two years, the overall homeless count stubbornly remains about the same. \u003ccite>(Brant Ward/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Different Types of Homeless\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What became clear over all the years is that the city’s homeless population is anything but homogeneous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there are about 1,300 homeless people in San Francisco in either individual or family shelters, and another 1,500 in jail, transitional housing, hospitals or otherwise indoors. Some 3,500 are estimated to be “unsheltered,” and about half of those make up the hard-core street population -- the most obvious, most troubled and most expensive homeless people in the city to care for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estimates by San Francisco officials and by the Silicon Valley Economic Roundtable are that each of those chronic cases costs about $80,000 a year in police, jail, ambulance and other tabs. By contrast, it costs about $20,000 a year to keep a person in a supportive environment -- the permanent housing where on-site mental therapists, substance abuse counselors and other social workers can help keep a person off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many chronically homeless people crowd into the Tenderloin, where soup kitchens, rehab clinics and poverty-aid organizations are centered. Homeless drug addicts have spread into areas where their dealers are easiest to find: heroin in the Mission District, methamphetamine around Division Street, crack in the Tenderloin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mental Illness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most heart-rending subpopulation is made up of the mentally ill. Here, good intentions are at the heart of how San Francisco’s streets became an open-air mental ward, with deranged people railing at telephone poles or passersby, or muttering to themselves for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1960s and ’70s, state-run mental institutions, where troubled people were once committed against their will, came to be seen by advocates as a means of violating individuals’ rights. Closing them saved money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their demise, the plan, supported by both conservatives and liberals, was for community-based centers across the country to help people instead -- but those were underfunded. The result: A growing population of mentally ill people were turned loose to fend for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s estimated that a third or more of homeless people in San Francisco and nationally suffer from mental illness. The city would need hundreds of new psychiatric-care beds to get them off the sidewalks -- the current inventory of fewer than 1,000 is not nearly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if it created those beds, getting people into them is difficult. Unless they are judged a danger to themselves or others, the mentally ill can’t be forced into care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example: Tatiana and Oksana, Ukrainian immigrants who speak little English and give no last name. Believed to be mother and daughter, they’ve been on the streets for at least a decade, with brief stints in emergency housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair pose no threat as they push their heaped shopping cart through downtown and the Mission, sleeping in doorways and glancing suspiciously at everyone who passes by, so they can’t be compelled to leave the streets. Any conversation with them veers quickly, wildly off track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two social workers, barred by state privacy rules from being identified, interviewed them several times. They concluded that Tatiana is in her 50s and Oksana is in her 30s, and that they are probably mentally ill or impaired. For three years, social workers have tried to get them to give their required permission for psychiatric care -- but the pair won’t commit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Afraid of the ‘Russkies’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two women have repeatedly told The Chronicle through Ukrainian interpreters they don’t need help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re afraid of everyone, afraid we’ll be sent back to the old country,” Tatiana said. “Russians want us to leave the city, they are bad, they are everywhere, but we won’t go. We’re not homeless. We are just on the street. We will not go inside where the Russkies can get us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mental health programs weren’t the only ones bludgeoned by budget cuts. Federal housing aid and social programs were slashed by as much as 80 percent in the 1980s, and state and local governments couldn’t catch up. Many of the people who wound up homeless that decade have never left the street, pushing the average age among the street population to 58.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Millions in Poverty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, with the minimum wage supplying about half or less of the buying power it did in 1980 and about 30 percent of Americans living at or near poverty level, there is a continual flow of people becoming homeless, said Peter Edelman, a Georgetown University law professor specializing in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We never even replaced the affordable-housing support that was destroyed in the 1980s, so if you want to solve homelessness, you need to not have so much poverty,” Edelman said. “What we’ve got is a problem of homelessness created because we haven’t done what we should have in the first place, so now we have to handle it in the second place -- with techniques like supportive housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one area in which San Francisco, with among the highest rents and greatest gulfs between rich and poor in the country, is actually a leader in innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, the city has refined a system of sending outreach counselors into the street to persuade the chronically indigent to accept housing, shelter, employment or medical help -- and then move into permanent supportive housing before they can wander off again. In the past 12 years, San Francisco has put about 12,000 people into such housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is that the city is at least 2,500 supportive-housing units short of what it needs to clear the streets of the most expensive and visible chronically homeless people -- about 1,500 of them -- and to stay ahead of the incoming chronic population every year. But that’s not insurmountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation could be dramatically improved through new private-public funding models, cheaper forms of modular housing, and streamlining techniques for helping people move out of supportive housing after they’ve been stabilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the city’s shelters were expanded by hundreds of beds, and fashioned more along the lines of the 15-month-old Navigation Center, they could finally become the routing tools into housing that Agnos envisioned a quarter-century ago. The center at Mission and 16th streets takes in street campers with their partners, pets and gear and surrounds them with case managers to help them get their lives together quickly. The city is already heading that way: A second center is scheduled to open at Market and 12th streets this week, and the Board of Supervisors has voted to open five more Navigation Centers over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the city’s establishment of a new Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing, streamlining city services for street people under one roof into a more direct focus on housing and counseling, San Francisco has its best opportunity in years to clear the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know how to do what we need to do,” said Jeff Kositsky, head of the new department. “The approach now is the same -- we just have to be creative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bit of Optimism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Friedenbach, whose Coalition on Homelessness advocacy group has spent decades pushing the city to create more housing and services for the indigent, is skeptically optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Matrix is in the trash bin of history and police leaders insist cracking down isn’t the way to solve homelessness, Friedenbach said, the city still puts too much emphasis on breaking up camps whose residents have nowhere good to go and issuing tickets for quality-of-life violations like sitting on sidewalks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Wasting Money’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A city report in May that found taxpayers spend $20 million a year enforcing such laws quantifies the futility of the effort, she said. To Friedenbach, ticketing street people boils down to just two things: “San Francisco is either ruining homeless people’s lives and wasting money, or harassing homeless people and wasting money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With little to show for it, it is time for a new approach,” she said. For Friedenbach, “new” actually means ramping up old concepts -- more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about money,” she said. “We need a sustained revenue source to double the housing units for homeless people, and to do prevention to keep people in their homes and to not become homeless to begin with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that complicated,” she said. “I think in San Francisco, people are ready to do something different. But then, I’ve seen that before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kevin Fagan is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: kfagan@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @KevinChron\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>About this project: This week, the Chronicle will join more than 70 other news organizations to focus San Francisco’s attention on the seemingly intractable problem of homelessness in our city. The S.F. Homeless Project aims to explore possible solutions that might ease, if not end, the suffering of so many thousands of unfortunate people living on our streets, and improve the quality of life for all residents. The project’s primary day of coverage is June 29, but the Chronicle will publish stories and editorials all week. Videos, interactive graphics, and coverage from other media can be found online at \u003ca href=\"http://sfchronicle.com/homeless\">sfchronicle.com/homeless\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://medium.com/sfhomelessproject\">sfhomelessproject\u003c/a>.com, and on Twitter at @bayareahomeless. Join the online conversation at #sfhomelessproject.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Resegregation of San Francisco's Public Schools",
"title": "The Resegregation of San Francisco's Public Schools",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tables representing each of San Francisco’s public schools stretched throughout John O’Connell High School in the Mission one morning last fall. Thousands of parents quizzed principals and teachers to determine where their children should go to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the school district’s annual Public School Enrollment Fair. Despite the heaving crowds, Mark Sanchez was downright lonely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the tables for the city’s 106 public schools are arranged alphabetically. And every year Sanchez, principal of the mostly Latino Cleveland Elementary, sits for hours with hardly anybody approaching him. To his left, white and Asian parents swarm the table for the coveted Clarendon Elementary, a school that is harder to get into than Harvard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year, it’s the same thing. Every year,” Sanchez said. “Our teachers are just as good as Clarendon’s. ... I call it the un-fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two schools’ tables demonstrate an alarming fact about the district as a whole: Now that parents have more say in their children’s education than they have in decades, San Francisco’s public schools are increasingly segregated. A months-long Chronicle review found that the district, which for decades has tried to ensure that homogeneous neighborhoods don’t lead to homogeneous schools, is failing to create schools that are racially mixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most public school districts around the country, San Francisco Unified has shifted away from a student assignment system that tries to ensure racially mixed schools and toward one that lets parents choose where to send their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"display: inline-block; width: 100%;\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 100%; padding-top:25px; height: 0;\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//sfschools.silk.co/s/embed/stackchart/collection/final-schools-data-for-online-graphics/numeric/hispanic-or-latino/numeric/asian/numeric/african-american/numeric/white/numeric/other-or-not-reported\" style=\"border:0;position: absolute; top:0; left:0; width: 100%;height:100%;\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:12px;color:gray;\">Data from \u003ca href=\"http://sfschools.silk.co\">sfschools.silk.co\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But in one of the nation’s most liberal cities, where people say they prize diversity, parents mostly choose schools where the other children look like their own. That has led to one-third of the district’s elementary schools becoming racially isolated, composed of at least 60 percent students of one race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps the biggest surprise is that most people in this progressive bastion — district officials, principals and parents — seem resigned to resegregation as the new reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public schools and the nerve-wracking lottery system — in which parents list their preferred schools in order and computer-generated assignments are mailed two months later\u003cstrong> — \u003c/strong>are often blamed for helping to drive families out of San Francisco. Just 13.4 percent of the city’s residents are younger than 18, the smallest percentage of any major city in the country. And San Francisco’s wealth and longtime Catholic tradition mean that about 30 percent of children who do live in the city attend private and parochial schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diversity and integration are rarely cited as top factors in choosing a public school. Instead, district surveys of parents show the safety of a school’s neighborhood, the quality of its staff and its reputation are paramount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education outlawed segregated public schools, saying separate was inherently unequal. But many children in San Francisco’s public schools are once again being educated separately — though not because of any official decree. The question is whether they’re being educated equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A look inside Cleveland and Clarendon — 4 miles, yet a world, apart — shows the schools have some important qualities in common: mostly happy parents and children, good teachers, strong principals and a focus on academic achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are also many stark differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://player.vimeo.com/video/127318085\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Poverty and Language\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleveland’s students are almost entirely poor enough to qualify for free or reduced-price lunch, Latino and learning English. They mostly live in the school’s Excelsior neighborhood. Few of their parents went to college, and they mostly work in blue-collar jobs or stay home to raise their children. They are unable to contribute much money to their children’s education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon’s students are far more likely to be white or Asian, and far less likely to be poor or learning English. They come from around the city, and many of their parents drive them miles to the school on the west side of Twin Peaks. The parents are mostly professionals, and they \u003cu>raise\u003c/u> $400,000 a year to supplement their children’s already premier education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academic Performance Index is no longer used by the state to signify school achievement, but many parents still use it to determine which schools are best. In 2013, Clarendon scored 956 on a scale of 1 to 1,000, with 800 considered excellent. Cleveland reached 708.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School board member Rachel Norton said this kind of division makes her “incredibly sad,” but that it’s the natural result of parental choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how as a policymaker to encourage people to make different choices,” she said. “That is what is going to have to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Satisfied Parents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez doesn’t bother scheduling tours of Cleveland Elementary anymore. Like his table at the annual enrollment fair, nobody ever comes. But with 360 students, his school is full of families who want to be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighty-three percent of those students are Latino, and there is a smattering of Asian and black students, and two white children. Ninety-five percent of Cleveland’s students are poor enough to qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. Seventy-three percent of Cleveland’s students are learning English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost every Cleveland parent The Chronicle asked said he or she requested Cleveland because it’s close to home. Many said they didn’t bother touring other schools, attending the enrollment fair or giving much thought to the annual lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said the lack of diversity at Cleveland actually makes his job easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more homogenous your population is, the easier it is to run it — the expectations of the families are very similar,” he said, noting there aren’t many discipline problems at his school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a far different attitude than the one Sanchez had 10 years ago as a leftie firebrand on the school board. At the time, the seven members were grappling with how to remake the student assignment system, and Sanchez wanted to use race as a tiebreaker when two students were vying for the same spot and to give public housing residents priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn’t succeed — and he has long abandoned that fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve raised the white flag, so to speak,” he said. “There’s a patina of people wanting diversity, but when the rubber hits the road, they’re going to make the best decisions for their family. I don’t think most families actually want it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Families Flee\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez’s thinking is now fairly common among San Francisco school officials, who know the district began hemorrhaging students when it required them to mix with children of other races.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1960s, there were more than 90,000 students in San Francisco public schools. In 1969, a black father named David Johnson sued the district for creating a racially segregated system in which black students totaled more than 65 percent at 20 elementary schools and nearly the entire enrollment at 10 of those. Back then, 24.4 percent of city residents were younger than 18 — nearly twice the percentage now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge ordered desegregation, and in 1971 San Francisco put children on buses that crisscrossed the city so they could be in multiracial schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan almost immediately ended racial isolation — but it also helped drive families out of the district and into the suburbs or into private schools. Many Chinese families resisted integration, boycotting district public schools and creating their own private “freedom schools” for their children instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the 1960s to 1983, the school district enrollment had plunged by 32,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vying factions of parents filed lawsuits, and the district tried several different school assignment methods. A federal judge oversaw those efforts from 1983 to 2005, but eventually gave up and called the district’s attempts at diversification a failure. This handed control of the assignment system back to the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current system, which gives some priority to students if they live near a school, started in 2011. The result: 61 percent got their top choice for this fall’s enrollment, and 85 percent got one of the choices on their list. Last year, those figures were 59 and 82 percent, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are now 53,700 students enrolled in the city’s public schools, not including the 3,300 enrolled in charter schools — the figure has held fairly steady for the past few years after decades of dropping enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the schools are — once again — segregating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Top Draw\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon Elementary is considered such a must-see by San Francisco families that it runs nine tours, and online reservations are required. About 100 parents — nearly all white and Asian — join each tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">KQED speaks with the Chronicle's education reporter Jill Tucker about the series.\u003cbr>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206126771\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In December, Jocelyn Porquez was already touring schools with her bubbly daughter, Fiona, despite the 2-year-old having just started preschool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if we’re very early or just doing our research,” Porquez said. “With your first kid, you have no idea. ... I want her to thrive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon has 569 students split into two programs: the Japanese Bilingual Bicultural Program and Second Community, which offers Italian-language instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon is more diverse than Cleveland: 31 percent of students are white, 33 percent are Asian, 11 percent are Latino and 6 percent are black. It’s also much wealthier than most San Francisco public schools: A fifth of students qualify for free or reduced-price lunch, and just 16 percent are learning English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison, San Francisco itself is 41 percent white, 34 percent Asian, 15 percent Latino and 6 percent black, according to the U.S. Census. About 13 percent of San Franciscans live in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon’s principal, Peter Van Court, said he loves the school-tour season and encourages all families who visit to apply despite the incredibly long odds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do get in,” he said. “We’ve got a whole school full of people who got in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the school lottery for the 2015-16 academic year, Clarendon was by far the most requested elementary school — 1,575 families listed it on their applications. Once siblings were placed — they get priority and filled nearly two-thirds of kindergarten seats — there were just 16 openings and 97 families vying for each of those, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Harvard, 17 high school seniors apply for each available seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it worth the hype? I think so,” Van Court said. “Every school that has a school culture that supports teachers and students is worth talking about. We just happen to be at the front of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, the demographics of Clarendon haven’t changed much since the district’s shift toward neighborhood schools. Cleveland, however, has become even more racially isolated. In 2011, Latinos made up 77 percent of the school, whereas they make up 86 percent now. Back in 1999, they made up 50 percent of Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lottery, parents with students entering kindergarten, sixth and ninth grades can tour schools throughout the fall and winter and submit a list of schools in order of preference. Assignments are sent in March, and families can keep trying in four subsequent rounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has found that white and Asian families are more likely to participate in the lottery’s first round than Latino and African-American families, meaning the latter are more likely to be assigned to the less popular schools that have available seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>College Cheer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every morning at Cleveland starts the same way. The students gather on the blacktop beneath murals of Nelson Mandela, Thurgood Marshall and Dolores Huerta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez or another staff member calls into a microphone, “Where are you going one day?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“College!” the kids shout back before scurrying off to their classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Tuesday morning, there is another playground routine: About 80 Cleveland moms form a line to pick up free food from the San Francisco Food Bank. A loud and brash mother, Ana Hodgson, oversees the food distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She takes charge in just about any Cleveland meeting — such as one in March to plan the fifth-grade graduation ceremony. About 20 Latina mothers told the school’s family liaison, a district official assigned to Cleveland to work with families, what they want at the ceremony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hodgson did almost all of the talking — and soon, the family liaison was persuaded to find a caterer, gifts for the teachers, caps and gowns, a photographer, balloons, an inspirational speaker, decorations and diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hodgson said she learned to speak up through training at Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth, a nonprofit that encourages parents and students to become school leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They teach us how to speak up, go to the district and talk,” she said. “We have to if we want to know what’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that wasn’t Hodgson’s attitude when she was looking for a kindergarten for her son, Roy, who’s now in fifth grade. She didn’t bother touring schools or devising a strategy for the lottery. Her nieces and nephews, whom she helped raise in exchange for housing from her sisters, had all gone to Cleveland, so Roy did, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is my neighborhood,” she said, shrugging. “This is the school my family goes to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now that Hodgson has found her voice, she’s done with the public schools\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>Roy is participating in Smart, a private program that recruits academically promising low-income fourth-graders for intensive summer programs and helps them apply to private middle and high schools. The goal is to get them into college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roy will finish fifth grade at Cleveland at the end of May and has been admitted to the San Francisco School, a private middle school, with a scholarship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hodgson said she’s glad Roy’s world will soon expand. She said she’s told him he can go to any high school, any college and enter any career he wants to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told him if he goes to the moon, I’ll go with him,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cultural Crossroads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Clarendon on a February morning, students in the Japanese Bilingual Bicultural Program were celebrating the spring festival known as \u003cem>Setsubun\u003c/em>. It’s about cleansing evil from the past year to welcome in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of Japanese mothers prepared little paper cups filled with roasted soybeans — called fortune beans — to toss at a couple of fathers wearing \u003cem>Oni\u003c/em> masks and pretending to be monsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rei Kobayashi-McGrath, the program coordinator, instructed the children to go easy on the dads. The beans were to be tossed gently, not hurled at their faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do we want to hurt them?” she asked the children sitting rapt on the blacktop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No!” they responded before tossing the beans as parents filmed the festivities on their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a flash, the Japanese mothers were sweeping up the tossed beans. They then went to work in Clarendon’s large storage room, giggling and chatting in Japanese as they made cucumber sushi rolls for every student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mai Miyaoka was one of the mothers. Her son, Heiichiro, attends second grade at Clarendon, but only after a lot of stress. He was first assigned to Cesar Chavez Elementary in the Mission, which Miyaoka diplomatically called “a nice school,” but too far from her home near Clarendon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyaoka, who moved from Japan four years ago so her husband could work as a postdoctoral researcher in molecular biology at UCSF, persevered through four more lottery rounds before scoring a spot at Clarendon three days before school started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t understand the system so I talked with counselors at SFUSD, and they were very helpful for me,” she said, adding she’s thankful the sibling preference means her preschooler and baby will get in, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She spends a lot of her free time at the school volunteering, an expectation that other parents set at the start of the school tours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody works together — it’s very active,” Miyaoka said of Clarendon parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Funding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleveland receives $360,000 more than Clarendon from the state each year — $1,000 per student — because its students are so poor and so many of them don’t speak English. The idea is to direct more resources to the neediest schools, but Clarendon more than offsets that through avid parent fundraising and donations from the Japanese and Italian consulates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez uses the extra state money for basic support, including separate Spanish and English literacy coaches, a technology teacher, tablet computers and laptops. He said he gets an adequate amount to run Cleveland, though he’d appreciate more funding for supplies and a poster-making machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At wealthier schools, those simple requests would be easily met by the Parent Teacher Association, but it doesn’t work that way at Cleveland. The school’s PTA has only 15 members and meets erratically. Maria Gonzalez has a kindergartner at the school and is PTA president. She’s trying to raise more money than last year’s $5,000 — about $14 per child — through a candy drive, a household-goods catalog drive and a spring carnival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she knows it’s not much, but that’s the way it is for Cleveland families. Her husband cooks in a restaurant, and she works as an in-home health aide for her elderly, wheelchair-bound mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us, anything we raise is good,” she said, adding she’d like to buy more art supplies and that poster machine Sanchez wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Clarendon, the parent groups raise about $400,000 — around $680 per child — each year through fundraisers, including the annual live auctions for each program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Japanese program’s auction costs $50 a ticket, and the catalog featured 699 donated prizes including summer camps, yoga classes and ballroom dancing lessons. The Second Community auction featured Champagne, an oyster bar, live jazz and top hats, feather boas and a few pearl necklaces for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, the programs’ fundraising pays for enrichment programs, including taiko drumming, computer science and Italian classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon Principal Van Court agrees with Sanchez on what’s most important: that every school provides a good education for every student and that families are happy with the experience. Whether that is at a wealthy, fairly diverse school like Clarendon or a poor, racially isolated school like Cleveland isn’t as important, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the school reflects the community, it’s not necessarily a problem,” he said. “It’s absolutely about every student being successful at every school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez and Van Court are not alone. Even the African-American community, the force behind the historical desegregation efforts, has fallen silent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really don’t have any public demand for this,” state Board of Education President Mike Kirst said about desegregation. “The courts, of course, have largely retreated in this area. And I feel no bottom-up demand for this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just because everybody’s OK with the status quo doesn’t mean it’s right, said Gary Orfield, co-director of the Civil Rights Project at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a few exceptions, schools with low-income students who are predominantly Latino or African-American do poorly academically. Typically, those schools have the highest teacher turnover and the lowest rates of parental involvement. (Cleveland somewhat breaks that general rule since it has a fairly stable teaching staff and its teachers have an average of nine years of experience, a year more than the average at Clarendon.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as courts around the country have ruled against mandated desegregation plans that take race into account, districts have largely given up. This has been exacerbated by dwindling funds to pay for the buses that take students to different neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desegregation didn’t fail,” Orfield said. “There’s a lot of evidence to show that, on average, it improved conditions for students of color, did not harm students who are white and improved race relations. What’s happened is that people have given up in many places because barriers to doing it have been raised, and the help to do it has been eliminated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very sad,” he said. “We have never had separate but equal schools in any city on any scale in U.S. history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bucking the Pattern\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some San Francisco families are quietly but determinedly bucking the pattern of choosing schools where the children look like their own. On a February afternoon at Clarendon, children were playing on the yard, but one girl was more interested in the stranger with a reporter’s notebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello!” she said, thrusting her hand out. “I’m Zhariyah Aiyana Lynda Shepard-Dorsey and I am 5, and it is very nice to meet you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The precocious little African-American girl lives in Bayview-Hunters Point and her mother, Keana Shepard-Gardner, 24, listed only Clarendon when she applied to kindergarten last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I went on Google and put in ‘best schools in San Francisco’ and this one just kept popping up,” she said matter-of-factly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hadn’t toured it and didn’t know anything about the preference for students living in low-performing census tracts, although that’s clearly how she scored a spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepard-Gardner and her daughter live with Gardner’s mother across the street from the Hunters View public housing projects in Hunters Point. Shepard-Gardner, her mother or a friend often drive Zhariyah to or from school, but sometimes they get there on a Muni bus ride, with Zhariyah sometimes falling asleep on the 45-minute trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Single mother Shepard-Gardner’s life is especially busy with raising her daughter, attending City College and working for a catering company. But the long haul to Clarendon is worth it, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s only been here since August, and she already speaks Japanese!” Shepard-Gardner exclaimed. “She practices on the bus. That’s pretty awesome.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove it, Zhariyah counted to 26 in Japanese. “That was counting in ones,” she explained, having just counted to 110 by tens in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Group of Two\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Zhariyah Shepard-Dorsey is swimming against the tide at Clarendon, Dexter Dryg is definitely doing so at Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 6-year-old is one of two white children in the school. His mother, Jennifer, works as the director of creative services at Sephora cosmetics, and his father, Jason, works at an Internet radio station and as an artist. They bought their first home in the Excelsior three years ago and soon, it was time for the school lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Dryg said she heard a lot about it from her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were all like really getting wrapped up in it. ‘We’ve got to tour as many schools as possible! We’ve got to get our child into Clarendon!’ ” she recalled. “The pressure is so intense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Drygs entered the lottery and received one of their lower choices, Cleveland. They had toured it and liked Sanchez, the school’s pristine condition and that it was two blocks from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were less wild about the lack of diversity and a strong PTA. Jason said they waffled between accepting the assignment or going through more rounds in hopes of scoring another school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decided if we weren’t part of the solution, we’ll just continue to be part of the problem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every morning, Dexter and his dad walk to school. Recently, Jason Dryg started a before-school Drawing Club in the cafeteria and provides the pencils, pens and paper for the dozen kids who join in. They’re all Latino except for Dexter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Dryg laughed that when Dexter is at a party or restaurant, he’ll sometimes exclaim, “Look, another blond kid!” He gets along well with his classmates, but hasn’t formed strong enough friendships for out-of-school playdates, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Dryg attended a PTA meeting, but felt bad that an interpreter had to be there for his sake and said “there was a lot of eye-rolling” from other parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But still, they’re glad to be at Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our ideal world would be that all kids go to their neighborhood school, and all schools have the same opportunity for kids to learn,” Jennifer Dryg said. “Families are just trying to do the best for their kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle staff writers Jill Tucker and Greta Kaul contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Heather Knight is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: hknight@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @hknightsf\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tables representing each of San Francisco’s public schools stretched throughout John O’Connell High School in the Mission one morning last fall. Thousands of parents quizzed principals and teachers to determine where their children should go to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the school district’s annual Public School Enrollment Fair. Despite the heaving crowds, Mark Sanchez was downright lonely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the tables for the city’s 106 public schools are arranged alphabetically. And every year Sanchez, principal of the mostly Latino Cleveland Elementary, sits for hours with hardly anybody approaching him. To his left, white and Asian parents swarm the table for the coveted Clarendon Elementary, a school that is harder to get into than Harvard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year, it’s the same thing. Every year,” Sanchez said. “Our teachers are just as good as Clarendon’s. ... I call it the un-fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two schools’ tables demonstrate an alarming fact about the district as a whole: Now that parents have more say in their children’s education than they have in decades, San Francisco’s public schools are increasingly segregated. A months-long Chronicle review found that the district, which for decades has tried to ensure that homogeneous neighborhoods don’t lead to homogeneous schools, is failing to create schools that are racially mixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most public school districts around the country, San Francisco Unified has shifted away from a student assignment system that tries to ensure racially mixed schools and toward one that lets parents choose where to send their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"display: inline-block; width: 100%;\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 100%; padding-top:25px; height: 0;\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//sfschools.silk.co/s/embed/stackchart/collection/final-schools-data-for-online-graphics/numeric/hispanic-or-latino/numeric/asian/numeric/african-american/numeric/white/numeric/other-or-not-reported\" style=\"border:0;position: absolute; top:0; left:0; width: 100%;height:100%;\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:12px;color:gray;\">Data from \u003ca href=\"http://sfschools.silk.co\">sfschools.silk.co\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But in one of the nation’s most liberal cities, where people say they prize diversity, parents mostly choose schools where the other children look like their own. That has led to one-third of the district’s elementary schools becoming racially isolated, composed of at least 60 percent students of one race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps the biggest surprise is that most people in this progressive bastion — district officials, principals and parents — seem resigned to resegregation as the new reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public schools and the nerve-wracking lottery system — in which parents list their preferred schools in order and computer-generated assignments are mailed two months later\u003cstrong> — \u003c/strong>are often blamed for helping to drive families out of San Francisco. Just 13.4 percent of the city’s residents are younger than 18, the smallest percentage of any major city in the country. And San Francisco’s wealth and longtime Catholic tradition mean that about 30 percent of children who do live in the city attend private and parochial schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diversity and integration are rarely cited as top factors in choosing a public school. Instead, district surveys of parents show the safety of a school’s neighborhood, the quality of its staff and its reputation are paramount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education outlawed segregated public schools, saying separate was inherently unequal. But many children in San Francisco’s public schools are once again being educated separately — though not because of any official decree. The question is whether they’re being educated equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A look inside Cleveland and Clarendon — 4 miles, yet a world, apart — shows the schools have some important qualities in common: mostly happy parents and children, good teachers, strong principals and a focus on academic achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are also many stark differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://player.vimeo.com/video/127318085\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Poverty and Language\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleveland’s students are almost entirely poor enough to qualify for free or reduced-price lunch, Latino and learning English. They mostly live in the school’s Excelsior neighborhood. Few of their parents went to college, and they mostly work in blue-collar jobs or stay home to raise their children. They are unable to contribute much money to their children’s education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon’s students are far more likely to be white or Asian, and far less likely to be poor or learning English. They come from around the city, and many of their parents drive them miles to the school on the west side of Twin Peaks. The parents are mostly professionals, and they \u003cu>raise\u003c/u> $400,000 a year to supplement their children’s already premier education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academic Performance Index is no longer used by the state to signify school achievement, but many parents still use it to determine which schools are best. In 2013, Clarendon scored 956 on a scale of 1 to 1,000, with 800 considered excellent. Cleveland reached 708.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School board member Rachel Norton said this kind of division makes her “incredibly sad,” but that it’s the natural result of parental choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how as a policymaker to encourage people to make different choices,” she said. “That is what is going to have to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Satisfied Parents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez doesn’t bother scheduling tours of Cleveland Elementary anymore. Like his table at the annual enrollment fair, nobody ever comes. But with 360 students, his school is full of families who want to be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighty-three percent of those students are Latino, and there is a smattering of Asian and black students, and two white children. Ninety-five percent of Cleveland’s students are poor enough to qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. Seventy-three percent of Cleveland’s students are learning English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost every Cleveland parent The Chronicle asked said he or she requested Cleveland because it’s close to home. Many said they didn’t bother touring other schools, attending the enrollment fair or giving much thought to the annual lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said the lack of diversity at Cleveland actually makes his job easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more homogenous your population is, the easier it is to run it — the expectations of the families are very similar,” he said, noting there aren’t many discipline problems at his school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a far different attitude than the one Sanchez had 10 years ago as a leftie firebrand on the school board. At the time, the seven members were grappling with how to remake the student assignment system, and Sanchez wanted to use race as a tiebreaker when two students were vying for the same spot and to give public housing residents priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn’t succeed — and he has long abandoned that fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve raised the white flag, so to speak,” he said. “There’s a patina of people wanting diversity, but when the rubber hits the road, they’re going to make the best decisions for their family. I don’t think most families actually want it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Families Flee\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez’s thinking is now fairly common among San Francisco school officials, who know the district began hemorrhaging students when it required them to mix with children of other races.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1960s, there were more than 90,000 students in San Francisco public schools. In 1969, a black father named David Johnson sued the district for creating a racially segregated system in which black students totaled more than 65 percent at 20 elementary schools and nearly the entire enrollment at 10 of those. Back then, 24.4 percent of city residents were younger than 18 — nearly twice the percentage now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge ordered desegregation, and in 1971 San Francisco put children on buses that crisscrossed the city so they could be in multiracial schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan almost immediately ended racial isolation — but it also helped drive families out of the district and into the suburbs or into private schools. Many Chinese families resisted integration, boycotting district public schools and creating their own private “freedom schools” for their children instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the 1960s to 1983, the school district enrollment had plunged by 32,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vying factions of parents filed lawsuits, and the district tried several different school assignment methods. A federal judge oversaw those efforts from 1983 to 2005, but eventually gave up and called the district’s attempts at diversification a failure. This handed control of the assignment system back to the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current system, which gives some priority to students if they live near a school, started in 2011. The result: 61 percent got their top choice for this fall’s enrollment, and 85 percent got one of the choices on their list. Last year, those figures were 59 and 82 percent, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are now 53,700 students enrolled in the city’s public schools, not including the 3,300 enrolled in charter schools — the figure has held fairly steady for the past few years after decades of dropping enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the schools are — once again — segregating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Top Draw\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon Elementary is considered such a must-see by San Francisco families that it runs nine tours, and online reservations are required. About 100 parents — nearly all white and Asian — join each tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">KQED speaks with the Chronicle's education reporter Jill Tucker about the series.\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206126771&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206126771'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In December, Jocelyn Porquez was already touring schools with her bubbly daughter, Fiona, despite the 2-year-old having just started preschool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if we’re very early or just doing our research,” Porquez said. “With your first kid, you have no idea. ... I want her to thrive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon has 569 students split into two programs: the Japanese Bilingual Bicultural Program and Second Community, which offers Italian-language instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon is more diverse than Cleveland: 31 percent of students are white, 33 percent are Asian, 11 percent are Latino and 6 percent are black. It’s also much wealthier than most San Francisco public schools: A fifth of students qualify for free or reduced-price lunch, and just 16 percent are learning English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison, San Francisco itself is 41 percent white, 34 percent Asian, 15 percent Latino and 6 percent black, according to the U.S. Census. About 13 percent of San Franciscans live in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon’s principal, Peter Van Court, said he loves the school-tour season and encourages all families who visit to apply despite the incredibly long odds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do get in,” he said. “We’ve got a whole school full of people who got in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the school lottery for the 2015-16 academic year, Clarendon was by far the most requested elementary school — 1,575 families listed it on their applications. Once siblings were placed — they get priority and filled nearly two-thirds of kindergarten seats — there were just 16 openings and 97 families vying for each of those, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Harvard, 17 high school seniors apply for each available seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it worth the hype? I think so,” Van Court said. “Every school that has a school culture that supports teachers and students is worth talking about. We just happen to be at the front of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, the demographics of Clarendon haven’t changed much since the district’s shift toward neighborhood schools. Cleveland, however, has become even more racially isolated. In 2011, Latinos made up 77 percent of the school, whereas they make up 86 percent now. Back in 1999, they made up 50 percent of Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lottery, parents with students entering kindergarten, sixth and ninth grades can tour schools throughout the fall and winter and submit a list of schools in order of preference. Assignments are sent in March, and families can keep trying in four subsequent rounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has found that white and Asian families are more likely to participate in the lottery’s first round than Latino and African-American families, meaning the latter are more likely to be assigned to the less popular schools that have available seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>College Cheer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every morning at Cleveland starts the same way. The students gather on the blacktop beneath murals of Nelson Mandela, Thurgood Marshall and Dolores Huerta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez or another staff member calls into a microphone, “Where are you going one day?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“College!” the kids shout back before scurrying off to their classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Tuesday morning, there is another playground routine: About 80 Cleveland moms form a line to pick up free food from the San Francisco Food Bank. A loud and brash mother, Ana Hodgson, oversees the food distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She takes charge in just about any Cleveland meeting — such as one in March to plan the fifth-grade graduation ceremony. About 20 Latina mothers told the school’s family liaison, a district official assigned to Cleveland to work with families, what they want at the ceremony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hodgson did almost all of the talking — and soon, the family liaison was persuaded to find a caterer, gifts for the teachers, caps and gowns, a photographer, balloons, an inspirational speaker, decorations and diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hodgson said she learned to speak up through training at Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth, a nonprofit that encourages parents and students to become school leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They teach us how to speak up, go to the district and talk,” she said. “We have to if we want to know what’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that wasn’t Hodgson’s attitude when she was looking for a kindergarten for her son, Roy, who’s now in fifth grade. She didn’t bother touring schools or devising a strategy for the lottery. Her nieces and nephews, whom she helped raise in exchange for housing from her sisters, had all gone to Cleveland, so Roy did, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is my neighborhood,” she said, shrugging. “This is the school my family goes to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now that Hodgson has found her voice, she’s done with the public schools\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>Roy is participating in Smart, a private program that recruits academically promising low-income fourth-graders for intensive summer programs and helps them apply to private middle and high schools. The goal is to get them into college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roy will finish fifth grade at Cleveland at the end of May and has been admitted to the San Francisco School, a private middle school, with a scholarship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hodgson said she’s glad Roy’s world will soon expand. She said she’s told him he can go to any high school, any college and enter any career he wants to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told him if he goes to the moon, I’ll go with him,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cultural Crossroads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Clarendon on a February morning, students in the Japanese Bilingual Bicultural Program were celebrating the spring festival known as \u003cem>Setsubun\u003c/em>. It’s about cleansing evil from the past year to welcome in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of Japanese mothers prepared little paper cups filled with roasted soybeans — called fortune beans — to toss at a couple of fathers wearing \u003cem>Oni\u003c/em> masks and pretending to be monsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rei Kobayashi-McGrath, the program coordinator, instructed the children to go easy on the dads. The beans were to be tossed gently, not hurled at their faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do we want to hurt them?” she asked the children sitting rapt on the blacktop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No!” they responded before tossing the beans as parents filmed the festivities on their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a flash, the Japanese mothers were sweeping up the tossed beans. They then went to work in Clarendon’s large storage room, giggling and chatting in Japanese as they made cucumber sushi rolls for every student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mai Miyaoka was one of the mothers. Her son, Heiichiro, attends second grade at Clarendon, but only after a lot of stress. He was first assigned to Cesar Chavez Elementary in the Mission, which Miyaoka diplomatically called “a nice school,” but too far from her home near Clarendon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyaoka, who moved from Japan four years ago so her husband could work as a postdoctoral researcher in molecular biology at UCSF, persevered through four more lottery rounds before scoring a spot at Clarendon three days before school started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t understand the system so I talked with counselors at SFUSD, and they were very helpful for me,” she said, adding she’s thankful the sibling preference means her preschooler and baby will get in, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She spends a lot of her free time at the school volunteering, an expectation that other parents set at the start of the school tours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody works together — it’s very active,” Miyaoka said of Clarendon parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Funding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleveland receives $360,000 more than Clarendon from the state each year — $1,000 per student — because its students are so poor and so many of them don’t speak English. The idea is to direct more resources to the neediest schools, but Clarendon more than offsets that through avid parent fundraising and donations from the Japanese and Italian consulates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez uses the extra state money for basic support, including separate Spanish and English literacy coaches, a technology teacher, tablet computers and laptops. He said he gets an adequate amount to run Cleveland, though he’d appreciate more funding for supplies and a poster-making machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At wealthier schools, those simple requests would be easily met by the Parent Teacher Association, but it doesn’t work that way at Cleveland. The school’s PTA has only 15 members and meets erratically. Maria Gonzalez has a kindergartner at the school and is PTA president. She’s trying to raise more money than last year’s $5,000 — about $14 per child — through a candy drive, a household-goods catalog drive and a spring carnival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she knows it’s not much, but that’s the way it is for Cleveland families. Her husband cooks in a restaurant, and she works as an in-home health aide for her elderly, wheelchair-bound mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us, anything we raise is good,” she said, adding she’d like to buy more art supplies and that poster machine Sanchez wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Clarendon, the parent groups raise about $400,000 — around $680 per child — each year through fundraisers, including the annual live auctions for each program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Japanese program’s auction costs $50 a ticket, and the catalog featured 699 donated prizes including summer camps, yoga classes and ballroom dancing lessons. The Second Community auction featured Champagne, an oyster bar, live jazz and top hats, feather boas and a few pearl necklaces for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, the programs’ fundraising pays for enrichment programs, including taiko drumming, computer science and Italian classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarendon Principal Van Court agrees with Sanchez on what’s most important: that every school provides a good education for every student and that families are happy with the experience. Whether that is at a wealthy, fairly diverse school like Clarendon or a poor, racially isolated school like Cleveland isn’t as important, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the school reflects the community, it’s not necessarily a problem,” he said. “It’s absolutely about every student being successful at every school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez and Van Court are not alone. Even the African-American community, the force behind the historical desegregation efforts, has fallen silent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really don’t have any public demand for this,” state Board of Education President Mike Kirst said about desegregation. “The courts, of course, have largely retreated in this area. And I feel no bottom-up demand for this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just because everybody’s OK with the status quo doesn’t mean it’s right, said Gary Orfield, co-director of the Civil Rights Project at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a few exceptions, schools with low-income students who are predominantly Latino or African-American do poorly academically. Typically, those schools have the highest teacher turnover and the lowest rates of parental involvement. (Cleveland somewhat breaks that general rule since it has a fairly stable teaching staff and its teachers have an average of nine years of experience, a year more than the average at Clarendon.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as courts around the country have ruled against mandated desegregation plans that take race into account, districts have largely given up. This has been exacerbated by dwindling funds to pay for the buses that take students to different neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desegregation didn’t fail,” Orfield said. “There’s a lot of evidence to show that, on average, it improved conditions for students of color, did not harm students who are white and improved race relations. What’s happened is that people have given up in many places because barriers to doing it have been raised, and the help to do it has been eliminated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very sad,” he said. “We have never had separate but equal schools in any city on any scale in U.S. history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bucking the Pattern\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some San Francisco families are quietly but determinedly bucking the pattern of choosing schools where the children look like their own. On a February afternoon at Clarendon, children were playing on the yard, but one girl was more interested in the stranger with a reporter’s notebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello!” she said, thrusting her hand out. “I’m Zhariyah Aiyana Lynda Shepard-Dorsey and I am 5, and it is very nice to meet you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The precocious little African-American girl lives in Bayview-Hunters Point and her mother, Keana Shepard-Gardner, 24, listed only Clarendon when she applied to kindergarten last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I went on Google and put in ‘best schools in San Francisco’ and this one just kept popping up,” she said matter-of-factly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hadn’t toured it and didn’t know anything about the preference for students living in low-performing census tracts, although that’s clearly how she scored a spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepard-Gardner and her daughter live with Gardner’s mother across the street from the Hunters View public housing projects in Hunters Point. Shepard-Gardner, her mother or a friend often drive Zhariyah to or from school, but sometimes they get there on a Muni bus ride, with Zhariyah sometimes falling asleep on the 45-minute trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Single mother Shepard-Gardner’s life is especially busy with raising her daughter, attending City College and working for a catering company. But the long haul to Clarendon is worth it, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s only been here since August, and she already speaks Japanese!” Shepard-Gardner exclaimed. “She practices on the bus. That’s pretty awesome.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove it, Zhariyah counted to 26 in Japanese. “That was counting in ones,” she explained, having just counted to 110 by tens in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Group of Two\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Zhariyah Shepard-Dorsey is swimming against the tide at Clarendon, Dexter Dryg is definitely doing so at Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 6-year-old is one of two white children in the school. His mother, Jennifer, works as the director of creative services at Sephora cosmetics, and his father, Jason, works at an Internet radio station and as an artist. They bought their first home in the Excelsior three years ago and soon, it was time for the school lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Dryg said she heard a lot about it from her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were all like really getting wrapped up in it. ‘We’ve got to tour as many schools as possible! We’ve got to get our child into Clarendon!’ ” she recalled. “The pressure is so intense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Drygs entered the lottery and received one of their lower choices, Cleveland. They had toured it and liked Sanchez, the school’s pristine condition and that it was two blocks from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were less wild about the lack of diversity and a strong PTA. Jason said they waffled between accepting the assignment or going through more rounds in hopes of scoring another school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decided if we weren’t part of the solution, we’ll just continue to be part of the problem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every morning, Dexter and his dad walk to school. Recently, Jason Dryg started a before-school Drawing Club in the cafeteria and provides the pencils, pens and paper for the dozen kids who join in. They’re all Latino except for Dexter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Dryg laughed that when Dexter is at a party or restaurant, he’ll sometimes exclaim, “Look, another blond kid!” He gets along well with his classmates, but hasn’t formed strong enough friendships for out-of-school playdates, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Dryg attended a PTA meeting, but felt bad that an interpreter had to be there for his sake and said “there was a lot of eye-rolling” from other parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But still, they’re glad to be at Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our ideal world would be that all kids go to their neighborhood school, and all schools have the same opportunity for kids to learn,” Jennifer Dryg said. “Families are just trying to do the best for their kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle staff writers Jill Tucker and Greta Kaul contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Heather Knight is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: hknight@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @hknightsf\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
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