US to Expedite Immigration Cases of Families Arriving at Southern Border

Families arriving at the U.S. border with Mexico will have their cases fast-tracked in immigration court, the Biden administration said Friday, less than two weeks after it said it was easing pandemic-related restrictions on seeking asylum.

Under the plan, which goes into effect Friday, families stopped on the border could be placed in expedited proceedings aimed at determining whether they can remain in the United States. Immigration judges would generally decide these cases within 300 days of an initial hearing in one of 10 cities including New York, Los Angeles and border communities such as El Paso, Texas, and San Diego, according to a joint statement from the U.S. Department of Justice and Homeland Security.

It isn't the first time U.S. officials have sought to expedite the immigration cases of families arriving on the Southwest border. The Trump and Obama administrations previously created dockets aimed at quickly deciding these cases in immigration courts, which are notoriously backlogged; cases can take years to resolve.

The latest iteration, which the administration is calling a “dedicated docket,” lets judges grant continuances “for good cause,” according to instructions sent by the Justice Department. It calls the 300-day timeline “an internal goal.”

The announcement comes as President Biden is under mounting pressure to lift pandemic-related restrictions on seeking asylum at the border that were put in place by the Trump administration in March 2020. Under the rules, citizens of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador are typically expelled to Mexico within two hours without any opportunity to seek asylum or other humanitarian protections.

Biden exempted unaccompanied children, but about a third of people who arrive with their families are still subject to them, as is nearly every single adult. Last week, the administration took steps to ease the rules and agreed to eventually allow 250 people a day through border crossings to seek refuge in the U.S.

But immigrant advocates said creating dockets to speed asylum seekers through the courts isn't fair and in the past has created delays for other migrants already waiting years for their cases to be heard.

Eleanor Acer, senior director for refugee protection at Human Rights First, urged Biden to roll back Trump administration measures that make it difficult for Central American migrants fleeing violence to qualify for humanitarian protection in the U.S.

“U.S. asylum proceedings cannot be considered fair when the Biden administration continues to blatantly violate U.S. refugee laws and treaties,” she said in a statement.

The U.S. Border Patrol had more than 170,000 encounters in April, its highest tally since March 2001, including 50,000 with people traveling in families. Many are repeat crossers because getting expelled carries no legal consequences.

Friday's announcement gives families at the border a higher priority than other cases in an immigration court system with about 1.3 million pending cases. Attorney General Merrick Garland said the effort aligns with his goal of immigration courts deciding cases “promptly and fairly.”

The National Association of Immigration Judges is studying the proposal, said Dana Marks, an immigration judge and the group's executive vice president. She said the group was not consulted about the plan.

Immigrants were issued deportation orders in more than 90% of the cases that were decided in the Trump administration’s family unit dockets, according to statistics from the Justice Department's Executive Office for Immigration Review, which runs immigration courts.

Aaron Reichlin-Melnick, policy counsel at American Immigration Council, a pro-immigration group, said the new plan appears to give judges more discretion to grant continuances in families' cases. But he said he's concerned because many asylum seekers placed in these special dockets during the last two administrations wound up representing themselves in court.

“We are very skeptical about yet another attempt to create a ‘rocket docket’ and continued to believe rushed justice is no justice at all,” he said.

In addition to courts in New York, Los Angeles, San Diego and El Paso, the docket is also being introduced in Denver; Detroit; Miami; Newark, New Jersey; San Francisco and Seattle.