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U.S. Kills Top Iranian Military Leader in Airstrike

Bobby Allyn and Barbara Campbell
NPR
Iranians hold posters of Iranian Revolutionary Guard Major General Qasem Soleimani during a demonstration in Tehran against the killing of the top commander in a US strike.  (Atta Kenare/AFP-Getty Images)

Updated at 2:12 p.m. PT

U.S. forces assassinated Iranian Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani in an airstrike late Thursday, Eastern time. The strike, near the Baghdad International Airport, was an escalation of tensions between Washington and Tehran that is prompting concerns of further violence in the region.

Defense Secretary Mark Esper said the Pentagon took a “decisive defensive action” in killing Soleimani, who Esper says was plotting to target American diplomats and service members.

“This strike was aimed at deterring future Iranian attack plans,” Esper said.

Trump, who authorized the attack, made his first public remarks Friday afternoon and defended the action as necessary to protect national security.

“We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war,” Trump said from his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida.

President Trump makes a statement at the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida, on Jan. 3, 2020, a day after the U.S. launched an airstrike in Baghdad that killed a top Iranian general. Trump said that America does not seek war or regime change with Iran. (Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)

For two decades, Soleimani led the elite Quds Force, a branch of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, responsible for the country’s intelligence and military operations outside of Iran.

Hamid Mousavi, a political science professor at the University of Tehran, said the strike stunned many Iranians who revere the military leader.

“It would be akin to Iran assassinating the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,” Mousavi told NPR. “Essentially, it’s an act of war.”

The State Department on Friday urged U.S. citizens to immediately leave Iraq, where officials say the embassy in Baghdad was attacked by Iran-backed militias earlier in the week.

The strike on Soleimani came a week after a rocket attack in northern Iraq killed a U.S. contractor. American officials said an Iranian-backed militia was responsible. The Trump administration also tied Soleimani to recent violent protests.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a statement the airstrike against Soleimani was “disproportionate,” arguing that it “risks provoking further dangerous escalation of violence. America — and the world — cannot afford to have tensions escalate to the point of no return.”

Oakland congresswoman Barbara Lee echoed Pelosi, saying the strike without congressional authorization was a “dangerous escalation of tensions” that brings the U.S. and Iran “close to the brink of war.”

“We must work to prevent further military action in the region,” Lee said in a statement. “We have known for years that there is no military solution, and it’s past time to return to a diplomatic strategy with our allies.

Congresswoman Jackie Speier, D-San Mateo, said in a statement that Trump has ” … waved the red flag at Iran since the beginning of his Presidency and ignored the pleas of our Allies to remain in the [Iran nuclear deal].”

Republicans celebrated the killing of Soleimani, saying America is safer after the violent leader was brought to justice. But Democrats largely slammed the White House for not consulting Congress before the strike and worried the attack would lead to an “almost inevitable escalation.”

Iranian leaders quickly responded to the attack as well, expressing outrage over the killing. The country’s foreign minister, Javad Zarif, called it “an act of international terrorism,” saying the U.S. “bears responsibility for all consequences of its rogue adventurism.”

And Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said in a statement on Iranian state TV that a “harsh retaliation is waiting” for the U.S.

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Iranian President Hassan Rouhani was just as forceful, describing the strike as a “heinous crime” for which Iran will seek revenge.

The strike also killed Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an adviser to Soleimani.

“So the biggest question now is how does Tehran respond?” wrote Ilan Goldenberg, a Middle East security expert who worked on Iran issues in the Obama administration.

“Targeting an American diplomatic facility or senior leader with a terrorist attack elsewhere in the world may feel proportional for the Iranians but this is very hard to pull off. Outside of the Mideast their capabilities are much more limited,” Goldenberg tweeted.

Naysan Rafati, a senior Iran analyst at the International Crisis Group, underscored just how significant the death of Soleimani is inside Iran, where he is among the country’s most revered military leaders.

“This is a major blow to the Iranians, symbolically as well as strategically. There has been no individual as deeply associated with Iran’s regional network of partners and proxies as Soleimani, which made him a hero to Tehran’s allies and a villain without peer to its rivals,” Rafati said.

Trump, who is vacationing on his estate in Florida, tweeted a photo of an American flag with no other message. Trump had earlier vowed that Iran would “pay a very big price” for the unrest at the U.S. embassy compound in Baghdad.

Soleimani and the Quds Force

Soleimani was one of Iran’s most powerful and shadowy figures. As leader of the Quds Force, he was said to be responsible for the country’s development and coordination with militias and proxy forces throughout the Middle East. U.S. officials accuse him of coordinating Iraqi militia attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq.

U.S. officials have also accused Soleimani of sponsoring terrorism and singled him out as a major figure for decades. The Trump administration placed the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — which includes the Quds Force — on the State Department’s list of terrorist groups. It was the first time a government’s official military was placed on the list.

Norman Roule, now retired, tracked Iran through his career with the CIA and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. He told NPR’s All Things Considered the death of Soleimani was significant.

“You can expect seismic waves to go through the Shia communities of Lebanon, Iraq and Iran,” Roule said. “You can expect that the Iranians and the Iraqi militia groups will certainly seek some sort of retribution.”

Roule called Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, who was also killed, Soleimani’s “senior-most lieutenant in the Iraqi military architecture.”

Roule said he believed the U.S. would not have carried out the strikes unless “a significant terrorist attack was underway or about to be undertaken by these individuals and if neutralizing these individuals would prevent that.”

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Soleimani’s Quds Force is a “sort of a mixture of our special operations and Central Intelligence Agency,” according to Roule. “He [had] been given charge of Iran’s foreign policy in the region and in essence he used that authority to create a series of militias based on the Lebanese Hezbollah.”

“As a military commander he would not actually rank in capacity or stature with a first-world military commander, such as a U.S. general. However, his political reach was vast … in that Iran basically ceded its regional activities to his purview,” Roule said.

In 2018, Soleimani spoke with political authority when he responded to a tweet by President Trump, who said Iran would “suffer consequences the likes of which few throughout history have ever suffered before” if it repeated threats against the U.S.

Soleimani was quoted by the semiofficial Tasnim news agency: “As a soldier, it is my duty to respond to your threats,” he said. “It is not in our president’s dignity to respond to you.”

“Come. We are ready,” Soleimani said, accusing Trump of using “the language of nightclubs and gambling halls.”

“If you begin the war, we will end the war,” he said.

KQED’s Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.

This post will be updated.

Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit NPR.org.

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