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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the beginning of each year, researcher and adjunct professor Keith Benson used to pose a question to his high school students in Camden, New Jersey: “Why are you here?” They usually answered with a predictable chorus: to get an education and get a good job. However, the pathway from education to career may not be so straightforward. According to Benson’s\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/12/5/357\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which analyzes historical trends, policies and reforms in education, high schools do not adequately prepare students for the realities of tomorrow’s workplaces. Schools emphasize to students that if you get a diploma or degree, “there will be occupational opportunities awaiting you on the other side,” said Benson, who taught high school social studies for 13 years in Camden City School District before becoming an adjunct professor at Rutgers University-Camden. Benson added that it’s common for recent college graduates to end up working in positions that do not require a degree. According to the New York Federal Reserve,\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/college-labor-market#--:explore:underemployment\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">40% of recent graduates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> were employed in roles that do not typically require a college degree in 2023. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ed.buffalo.edu/black-history-ed/programs/conference.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching Black History Conference\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> hosted by the University at Buffalo last summer, Benson brought attention to shortcomings in the current approach to college and career preparation, notably its failure to adequately prepare Black and Latino students for an often unpredictable job market. He said that being real with students about workplace discrimination and economic trends can better prepare young people for their futures after high school. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Discuss workplace discrimination\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If schools aim to prepare students for today’s workplace, they need to discuss racism and discrimination in hiring practices, according to Benson, who pointed out that there has been almost \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2023/01/racial-discrimination-in-hiring-remains-a-persistent-problem-northwestern-study/?fj=1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">no change in job discrimination since 1968\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Black and Latino students are likely to face challenges in the job market that limit their access to social networks, opportunities and promotions. “Job discrimination, racial bias — it exists throughout the hiring process, even down to details like your name and address, irrespective of your educational achievements,” Benson said. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/minorities-who-whiten-job-resumes-get-more-interviews\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One study by Harvard Business School\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that Black and Asian students who “whitened” their resumes by taking out references to their race were twice as likely to get interview callbacks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While workplaces need to be pushed to address discriminatory hiring practices, Benson said that high school teachers have a role to play as well. He implored educators to cover the reality of workplace discrimination in their classrooms or college and career centers by sharing recent research. “What we can’t do is ignore it and not be honest with students about what to expect and where the problems lie going forward,” Benson said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ana Homayoun, an early career development expert and author of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://anahomayoun.com/erasing-the-finish-line/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Erasing the Finish Line: The New Blueprint for Success Beyond Grades and College Admission\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, said that educators can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62734/when-parents-only-focus-on-college-admissions-essential-skills-can-slip-through-the-cracks\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">support students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from marginalized identities by proactively providing resources and support. “Our role as sponsors is really important,” said Homayoun. “That’s a term that I use to describe this idea of creating opportunities for economic growth.” She added that sponsorship includes identifying students that might be facing barriers and leveraging one’s network to give them a leg up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Prepare students to navigate an unpredictable job market\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even though educational attainment in the U.S. has \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/184260/educational-attainment-in-the-us/#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20about%2037.7%20percent,population%20had%20graduated%20from%20college.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">risen significantly in the past decade\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, recent college graduates are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/11/19/college-grads-unemployed-jobs/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">more likely to be unemployed\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/college-labor-market#--:explore:unemployment\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">latest data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that recent graduates’ unemployment rate is 4.4%, which is higher than the overall joblessness rate and almost double the rate for all college graduates. According to Benson, one contributing factor is that hiring has been undercut by \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/05/why-some-remote-jobs-are-disappearing-while-others-are-hiring-like-crazy.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">corporations seeking cheaper labor abroad\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “The profit margins are far greater offshore due to a more deregulated economy, allowing for significantly lower labor costs. Environmental regulations, which impact profit, are also less stringent,” he explained. This trend isn’t confined to blue collar jobs. Technology companies, such as IBM, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/business/ibm-shifts-center-of-gravity-half-a-world-away-to-india/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">have moved\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> skilled technology jobs overseas to access cheaper labor. Benson urged educators to include topics like offshoring, automation and artificial intelligence in their high school curriculum. For example, students should know that researchers estimate that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/blog/which-workers-are-most-affected-automation-and-what-could-help-them-get-new-jobs#:~:text=Researchers%20estimate%20that%20anywhere%20from,automation%20will%20affect%20the%20workforce.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">9% to 47% of jobs could be lost to automation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the future. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">STEM has often been touted as a surefire path to jobs after college, and the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/828915/number-of-stem-degrees-awarded-in-the-us-by-degree-level/#:~:text=In%20the%20school%20year%202020,technology%2C%20engineering%2C%20and%20mathematics.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">number of students majoring in STEM has risen in response\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, U.S. universities produce more STEM graduates than \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://issues.org/stem-workforce-shortage-data-hira/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the number of new jobs projected\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in those fields over the next ten years. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cew.georgetown.edu/about-us/staff/nicole-smith-2/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nicole Smith\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a research professor and chief economist at the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce who co-authored a 2023 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/projections2031/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">report on job projections through 2031\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, said that while STEM jobs may be contracting, on average STEM graduates make more money than other majors. Smith cautioned against chasing the highest paying industry because things are always changing. “The challenge is to figure out not only what you like and what you’re good at, but what is in demand for the marketplace,” she said. She added that jobs that require a human touch, like doctoring, teaching, nursing and psychiatry are unlikely to be outsourced or automated.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Redefine why college is important\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Given uncertain job prospects, young people may wonder if college – and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62829/government-efforts-to-erase-student-loan-debt-have-now-reached-3-6-million-borrowers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the debt that often comes with it\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – is worth it. Smith acknowledged that a person can do well in today’s labor market with only a high school diploma. “We have a very tight labor market that’s sucking up as much labor as it can,” she said. But that won’t always be the case. “The moment that momentum slows, then the first out are those who don’t have the postsecondary education and training… You don’t want to be left without a chair when the music stops.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report that Smith co-authored projects that 72% of jobs will require postsecondary education or training and 42% of all jobs will require at least a bachelor’s degree. For example, an auto mechanic might have only needed a high school diploma 30 years ago, but today’s auto mechanics likely need more. “When the check engine light comes on, it’s a computer that tells you what’s up,” said Smith. Keeping up with those updates requires training and certifications.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Benson also said that college debt can be worthwhile. “We have been conditioned to reduce everything down to a monetary value,” said Benson. “College gives students more time to understand themselves, their thinking and other people’s perspectives.” He added that these skills enable young adults to navigate the world better, understand their agency, and contribute to a larger democracy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Educators can reshape conversations about career readiness by openly discussing challenges students may face, proactively providing resources, and incorporating economic and industrial changes into the curriculum. “The workforce has always been unpredictable,” said Smith. “It’s our responsibility as an older generation, having seen several booms and slumps and sudden recessions in this economy, to warn kids about that.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the beginning of each year, researcher and adjunct professor Keith Benson used to pose a question to his high school students in Camden, New Jersey: “Why are you here?” They usually answered with a predictable chorus: to get an education and get a good job. However, the pathway from education to career may not be so straightforward. According to Benson’s\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/12/5/357\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which analyzes historical trends, policies and reforms in education, high schools do not adequately prepare students for the realities of tomorrow’s workplaces. Schools emphasize to students that if you get a diploma or degree, “there will be occupational opportunities awaiting you on the other side,” said Benson, who taught high school social studies for 13 years in Camden City School District before becoming an adjunct professor at Rutgers University-Camden. Benson added that it’s common for recent college graduates to end up working in positions that do not require a degree. According to the New York Federal Reserve,\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/college-labor-market#--:explore:underemployment\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">40% of recent graduates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> were employed in roles that do not typically require a college degree in 2023. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ed.buffalo.edu/black-history-ed/programs/conference.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching Black History Conference\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> hosted by the University at Buffalo last summer, Benson brought attention to shortcomings in the current approach to college and career preparation, notably its failure to adequately prepare Black and Latino students for an often unpredictable job market. He said that being real with students about workplace discrimination and economic trends can better prepare young people for their futures after high school. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Discuss workplace discrimination\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If schools aim to prepare students for today’s workplace, they need to discuss racism and discrimination in hiring practices, according to Benson, who pointed out that there has been almost \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2023/01/racial-discrimination-in-hiring-remains-a-persistent-problem-northwestern-study/?fj=1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">no change in job discrimination since 1968\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Black and Latino students are likely to face challenges in the job market that limit their access to social networks, opportunities and promotions. “Job discrimination, racial bias — it exists throughout the hiring process, even down to details like your name and address, irrespective of your educational achievements,” Benson said. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/minorities-who-whiten-job-resumes-get-more-interviews\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One study by Harvard Business School\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that Black and Asian students who “whitened” their resumes by taking out references to their race were twice as likely to get interview callbacks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While workplaces need to be pushed to address discriminatory hiring practices, Benson said that high school teachers have a role to play as well. He implored educators to cover the reality of workplace discrimination in their classrooms or college and career centers by sharing recent research. “What we can’t do is ignore it and not be honest with students about what to expect and where the problems lie going forward,” Benson said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ana Homayoun, an early career development expert and author of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://anahomayoun.com/erasing-the-finish-line/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Erasing the Finish Line: The New Blueprint for Success Beyond Grades and College Admission\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, said that educators can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62734/when-parents-only-focus-on-college-admissions-essential-skills-can-slip-through-the-cracks\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">support students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from marginalized identities by proactively providing resources and support. “Our role as sponsors is really important,” said Homayoun. “That’s a term that I use to describe this idea of creating opportunities for economic growth.” She added that sponsorship includes identifying students that might be facing barriers and leveraging one’s network to give them a leg up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Prepare students to navigate an unpredictable job market\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even though educational attainment in the U.S. has \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/184260/educational-attainment-in-the-us/#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20about%2037.7%20percent,population%20had%20graduated%20from%20college.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">risen significantly in the past decade\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, recent college graduates are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/11/19/college-grads-unemployed-jobs/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">more likely to be unemployed\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/college-labor-market#--:explore:unemployment\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">latest data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that recent graduates’ unemployment rate is 4.4%, which is higher than the overall joblessness rate and almost double the rate for all college graduates. According to Benson, one contributing factor is that hiring has been undercut by \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/05/why-some-remote-jobs-are-disappearing-while-others-are-hiring-like-crazy.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">corporations seeking cheaper labor abroad\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “The profit margins are far greater offshore due to a more deregulated economy, allowing for significantly lower labor costs. Environmental regulations, which impact profit, are also less stringent,” he explained. This trend isn’t confined to blue collar jobs. Technology companies, such as IBM, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/business/ibm-shifts-center-of-gravity-half-a-world-away-to-india/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">have moved\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> skilled technology jobs overseas to access cheaper labor. Benson urged educators to include topics like offshoring, automation and artificial intelligence in their high school curriculum. For example, students should know that researchers estimate that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/blog/which-workers-are-most-affected-automation-and-what-could-help-them-get-new-jobs#:~:text=Researchers%20estimate%20that%20anywhere%20from,automation%20will%20affect%20the%20workforce.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">9% to 47% of jobs could be lost to automation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the future. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">STEM has often been touted as a surefire path to jobs after college, and the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/828915/number-of-stem-degrees-awarded-in-the-us-by-degree-level/#:~:text=In%20the%20school%20year%202020,technology%2C%20engineering%2C%20and%20mathematics.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">number of students majoring in STEM has risen in response\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, U.S. universities produce more STEM graduates than \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://issues.org/stem-workforce-shortage-data-hira/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the number of new jobs projected\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in those fields over the next ten years. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cew.georgetown.edu/about-us/staff/nicole-smith-2/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nicole Smith\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a research professor and chief economist at the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce who co-authored a 2023 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/projections2031/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">report on job projections through 2031\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, said that while STEM jobs may be contracting, on average STEM graduates make more money than other majors. Smith cautioned against chasing the highest paying industry because things are always changing. “The challenge is to figure out not only what you like and what you’re good at, but what is in demand for the marketplace,” she said. She added that jobs that require a human touch, like doctoring, teaching, nursing and psychiatry are unlikely to be outsourced or automated.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Redefine why college is important\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Given uncertain job prospects, young people may wonder if college – and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62829/government-efforts-to-erase-student-loan-debt-have-now-reached-3-6-million-borrowers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the debt that often comes with it\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – is worth it. Smith acknowledged that a person can do well in today’s labor market with only a high school diploma. “We have a very tight labor market that’s sucking up as much labor as it can,” she said. But that won’t always be the case. “The moment that momentum slows, then the first out are those who don’t have the postsecondary education and training… You don’t want to be left without a chair when the music stops.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report that Smith co-authored projects that 72% of jobs will require postsecondary education or training and 42% of all jobs will require at least a bachelor’s degree. For example, an auto mechanic might have only needed a high school diploma 30 years ago, but today’s auto mechanics likely need more. “When the check engine light comes on, it’s a computer that tells you what’s up,” said Smith. Keeping up with those updates requires training and certifications.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Benson also said that college debt can be worthwhile. “We have been conditioned to reduce everything down to a monetary value,” said Benson. “College gives students more time to understand themselves, their thinking and other people’s perspectives.” He added that these skills enable young adults to navigate the world better, understand their agency, and contribute to a larger democracy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Educators can reshape conversations about career readiness by openly discussing challenges students may face, proactively providing resources, and incorporating economic and industrial changes into the curriculum. “The workforce has always been unpredictable,” said Smith. “It’s our responsibility as an older generation, having seen several booms and slumps and sudden recessions in this economy, to warn kids about that.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Meet the high school sport that builds robots — and the next generation of engineers",
"headTitle": "Meet the high school sport that builds robots — and the next generation of engineers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On a Thursday night inside a NASA hangar in Mountain View, Calif., a group of teenage girls cluster around two large tables strewn with wires, hex wrenches and laptops. As they work, a machine rises in their midst — a black aluminum frame loaded with advanced tech like high-powered brushless motors and 3D vision systems. Say hello to the Space Cookies, aka \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> Robotics Competition Team 1868, a Girl Scout troop that builds tournament robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, over 3,300 high school and community teams like the Space Cookies are assembling around the world in anticipation of the upcoming season of the \u003cem>FIRST \u003c/em>(For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) Robotics Competition. This giant non-profit/sport league started in 1989 as a local program to inspire New Hampshire teens in engineering and technology fields. It has grown to encompass more than 83,000 high schoolers in 31 countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the fall, students meet outside the school day to develop skills in areas like component milling, gear ratios and Java coding as tools for problem-solving, gamesmanship and intelligence — both human and artificial. Local engineering and IT professionals volunteer as mentors, but older students also teach their younger teammates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"971\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1-800x598.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1-1020x762.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1-768x574.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Team 299 Valkyrie Robotics of Cupertino, Calif., tend to their robot in the pit area at the 2023 San Francisco Regional; (left) the workshop for Girl Scout Space Cookies Team 1868 displaying many awards, including a couple of their recent prestigious blue banners. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some teams take over corridors of classrooms, while others meet in neighborhood garages. Some teams are like student-led companies, with separate departments for public outreach and merch. Depending on their goals and expectations, students may participate from a few hours to a few dozen hours a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are ramping up for January, when \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> will reveal the season’s game rules, kicking off a feverish eight weeks of designing, fabricating and programming fresh machines. Then it’s onto the three-day regional tournaments that serve as qualifiers for April’s world \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> Championship in Houston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Team 5419 Berkelium team members, from Berkeley High School in Berkeley, Calif., test a prototype system to shoot cones onto poles. Caroline Soffer (second from left), 16, is a competitive gymnast and a designer. “I’m never going to be a pro gymnast, while there’s a very, very good chance that I’m going to end up in engineering or computer science,” she says. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tournaments are a whirring, banging combination of science fair, Pac-Man and March Madness played by demon-possessed lawnmowers. Robots compete in alliances of 3-vs-3 on a volleyball-sized playing area in two-and-half minute matches. 2023’s season-specific tasks involved gathering up yellow traffic cones and inflatable purple cubes to deposit on poles or in slots at either end. Each match starts with fifteen seconds of autonomous action, when robots are programmed to score points on their own. Then, behind a plexi shield, the humans step up to control their mechanical avatars, and it’s on – speed, power, grace, defense, teamwork, showboating and the occasional collision with bits of plastic and metal flying around. Yes, those safety glasses are necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robotics competitions are nothing new, but over the last few years, the \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> Robotics Competition has evolved from a fascinating after-school activity to having a real impact on the tech and engineering world, and colleges are catching on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like to see evidence of project-based learning, working in teams, hands-on experience and that sense of discovery,” says Jennifer Cluett, dean of admissions at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. In 2022, WPI added a custom question to the Common App, asking about students’ experience in competitive robotics. Cluett says 218 of 1365 enrollees in WPI’s freshman class this year have participated in\u003cem> FIRST.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62557\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3-800x532.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3-768x511.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spartan Robotics control board and pistol-grip controller from 2022, when robots had to catapult giant tennis balls into a basket and dangle from a chin-up bar. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was just blown away by these students and their robots, with team logos and t-shirts and buttons, sponsors and cheering sections. It was like Texas high school football,” says Jonathan Hoster, associate admissions director at the Syracuse College of Engineering. Two years after he first saw a tournament in 2014, Syracuse earmarked ten scholarships for \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> alumni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62558\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivy Mahncke, 18, who had very little mechanical experience before joining Lowell High School Team 4159 CardinalBotics in San Francisco, Calif., will major in engineering with robotics at Olin College of Engineering. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A who’s-who list of \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> sponsors — including Boeing, Dow, Coca Cola, Amazon, FedEx, Johnson & Johnson, Apple, Ford, and Disney — shows how eager big businesses are to prime the pipeline. Demand for workers in fields like automation and connectivity, against recent declines in engineering college graduates, makes a resume showing multiple years of hands-on high school robotics increasingly desirable in corporate America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traditionally we would look very heavily at a college GPA. But increasingly companies are looking for more well-rounded employees,” says Jody Howard, vice president of innovation and emerging technology at Caterpillar Inc. “What’s so interesting about \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> is that, while they may be coming out with robotic or programming skills, it’s really the teaming and problem-solving that make them stand out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62559\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62559\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"970\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5-800x597.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5-1020x761.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5-160x119.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5-768x573.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The hand-like effector on Archbishop Mitty High School Team 1351 TKO’s robot (left) telescopes and tilts to handle game pieces. (Right) Team 971 Spartan Robotics are known for their innovative tech. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Howard compares a \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> team scrambling to put a damaged robot back into the fray with a Caterpillar on-site service engineer cooperating with a client to rush one of their autonomous mining trucks back on line. “They already have experience going through the process under pressure,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara Fernando is a senior leader on Team 971 Spartan Robotics at Mountain View High School, in Mountain View, Calif. — a few miles from the Space Cookies. Two years ago, she was hired as a paid intern at agricultural technology startup FarmX. “I was the youngest person in the building, 15 years old, and the first woman there. From robotics I already had the skills to be there with the college engineering majors — soldering circuit boards, assembling sensors, running 3D printers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides providing capable personnel, high school \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> teams may also contribute tech back to the industry, from debugging open source code to coming up with innovative rapid prototyping approaches. At a higher level, engineers who mentor Spartan Robotics say John Deere’s weed-killing agribots now use an AI framework originally created for the team’s 2017 robot to climb ropes and fire Wiffle Balls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62560\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62560\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kevin Mendoza, 15, a member of Team 8048 Churrobots of East Palo Alto, Calif., cleans dust particles off a gearbox component. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As impressive as these contributions may be, gritty problem-solving is a far more central element of the \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> ethos. Anika Zhou, 16, quit basketball to make more time for design and mechanical work with the Space Cookies. She thinks what sets the robotics team apart from school is, “They let us make mistakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celien Bill, 17, technical manager for Team 5419 Berkelium of Berkeley High School in Berkeley, Calif., estimates he spent over 200 hours last season tuning their cone launching system. “Getting it to work the first time was super exhilarating. That feeling lasts about 10 minutes … and then you go back to improving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long term, winning and losing have about the same benefit — all the benefit is in the process,” says Dirk Wright, lead mentor for Berkelium. “You can’t understate the importance of self-confidence. It opens up a huge amount of opportunities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, it’s a lot of fun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62561\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62561\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2023 Sacramento Regional at UC Davis involved 46 teams and over 1,000 students. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At competitions, there are team flags, zebra-striped referees, huge video screens, people dressed as vikings and penguins, face paint, singalongs to “Sweet Caroline” and parents in funny hats cheering in the stands. There also are hundreds and thousands of other high schoolers in their team t-shirts, roaming between the pit area and playing field, checking out everybody and every machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides on-field triumph, teams vie for more than 20 other awards, in categories from Rookie All Star to Gracious Professionalism. Only one, the Engineering Inspiration Award, for which sponsor NASA will cover registration fees for the \u003cem>FIRST \u003c/em>Championship in Houston, has any real material value. The prestige prizes are the blue gym banners that tournament victors and major community award winners can hang in their workshops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62562\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62562\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Team 6238 Popcorn Penguins of Santa Clara County, Calif. won the Team Spirit Award at the 2023 Sacramento Regional. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But anybody can take home that warm glow of satisfaction when, in the midst of a big competition, one of their peers walks by, nods and says, “Cool robot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62563\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lara Fernando (upper right corner, black sleeves extended upward) and Spartan Robotics explode the moment they know they have won the 2023 San Francisco Regional and qualified for Houston. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Photos and Reporting by Mark Leong/Redux Pictures\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visual design by LA Johnson\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Edited by LA Johnson and Steve Drummond\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meet+the+high+school+sport+that+builds+robots+%E2%80%94+and+the+next+generation+of+engineers+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a Thursday night inside a NASA hangar in Mountain View, Calif., a group of teenage girls cluster around two large tables strewn with wires, hex wrenches and laptops. As they work, a machine rises in their midst — a black aluminum frame loaded with advanced tech like high-powered brushless motors and 3D vision systems. Say hello to the Space Cookies, aka \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> Robotics Competition Team 1868, a Girl Scout troop that builds tournament robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, over 3,300 high school and community teams like the Space Cookies are assembling around the world in anticipation of the upcoming season of the \u003cem>FIRST \u003c/em>(For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) Robotics Competition. This giant non-profit/sport league started in 1989 as a local program to inspire New Hampshire teens in engineering and technology fields. It has grown to encompass more than 83,000 high schoolers in 31 countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the fall, students meet outside the school day to develop skills in areas like component milling, gear ratios and Java coding as tools for problem-solving, gamesmanship and intelligence — both human and artificial. Local engineering and IT professionals volunteer as mentors, but older students also teach their younger teammates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"971\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1-800x598.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1-1020x762.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots1-768x574.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Team 299 Valkyrie Robotics of Cupertino, Calif., tend to their robot in the pit area at the 2023 San Francisco Regional; (left) the workshop for Girl Scout Space Cookies Team 1868 displaying many awards, including a couple of their recent prestigious blue banners. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some teams take over corridors of classrooms, while others meet in neighborhood garages. Some teams are like student-led companies, with separate departments for public outreach and merch. Depending on their goals and expectations, students may participate from a few hours to a few dozen hours a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are ramping up for January, when \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> will reveal the season’s game rules, kicking off a feverish eight weeks of designing, fabricating and programming fresh machines. Then it’s onto the three-day regional tournaments that serve as qualifiers for April’s world \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> Championship in Houston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots2-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Team 5419 Berkelium team members, from Berkeley High School in Berkeley, Calif., test a prototype system to shoot cones onto poles. Caroline Soffer (second from left), 16, is a competitive gymnast and a designer. “I’m never going to be a pro gymnast, while there’s a very, very good chance that I’m going to end up in engineering or computer science,” she says. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tournaments are a whirring, banging combination of science fair, Pac-Man and March Madness played by demon-possessed lawnmowers. Robots compete in alliances of 3-vs-3 on a volleyball-sized playing area in two-and-half minute matches. 2023’s season-specific tasks involved gathering up yellow traffic cones and inflatable purple cubes to deposit on poles or in slots at either end. Each match starts with fifteen seconds of autonomous action, when robots are programmed to score points on their own. Then, behind a plexi shield, the humans step up to control their mechanical avatars, and it’s on – speed, power, grace, defense, teamwork, showboating and the occasional collision with bits of plastic and metal flying around. Yes, those safety glasses are necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robotics competitions are nothing new, but over the last few years, the \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> Robotics Competition has evolved from a fascinating after-school activity to having a real impact on the tech and engineering world, and colleges are catching on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like to see evidence of project-based learning, working in teams, hands-on experience and that sense of discovery,” says Jennifer Cluett, dean of admissions at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. In 2022, WPI added a custom question to the Common App, asking about students’ experience in competitive robotics. Cluett says 218 of 1365 enrollees in WPI’s freshman class this year have participated in\u003cem> FIRST.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62557\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3-800x532.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots3-768x511.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spartan Robotics control board and pistol-grip controller from 2022, when robots had to catapult giant tennis balls into a basket and dangle from a chin-up bar. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was just blown away by these students and their robots, with team logos and t-shirts and buttons, sponsors and cheering sections. It was like Texas high school football,” says Jonathan Hoster, associate admissions director at the Syracuse College of Engineering. Two years after he first saw a tournament in 2014, Syracuse earmarked ten scholarships for \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> alumni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62558\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots4-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivy Mahncke, 18, who had very little mechanical experience before joining Lowell High School Team 4159 CardinalBotics in San Francisco, Calif., will major in engineering with robotics at Olin College of Engineering. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A who’s-who list of \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> sponsors — including Boeing, Dow, Coca Cola, Amazon, FedEx, Johnson & Johnson, Apple, Ford, and Disney — shows how eager big businesses are to prime the pipeline. Demand for workers in fields like automation and connectivity, against recent declines in engineering college graduates, makes a resume showing multiple years of hands-on high school robotics increasingly desirable in corporate America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traditionally we would look very heavily at a college GPA. But increasingly companies are looking for more well-rounded employees,” says Jody Howard, vice president of innovation and emerging technology at Caterpillar Inc. “What’s so interesting about \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> is that, while they may be coming out with robotic or programming skills, it’s really the teaming and problem-solving that make them stand out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62559\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62559\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"970\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5-800x597.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5-1020x761.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5-160x119.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots5-768x573.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The hand-like effector on Archbishop Mitty High School Team 1351 TKO’s robot (left) telescopes and tilts to handle game pieces. (Right) Team 971 Spartan Robotics are known for their innovative tech. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Howard compares a \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> team scrambling to put a damaged robot back into the fray with a Caterpillar on-site service engineer cooperating with a client to rush one of their autonomous mining trucks back on line. “They already have experience going through the process under pressure,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara Fernando is a senior leader on Team 971 Spartan Robotics at Mountain View High School, in Mountain View, Calif. — a few miles from the Space Cookies. Two years ago, she was hired as a paid intern at agricultural technology startup FarmX. “I was the youngest person in the building, 15 years old, and the first woman there. From robotics I already had the skills to be there with the college engineering majors — soldering circuit boards, assembling sensors, running 3D printers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides providing capable personnel, high school \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> teams may also contribute tech back to the industry, from debugging open source code to coming up with innovative rapid prototyping approaches. At a higher level, engineers who mentor Spartan Robotics say John Deere’s weed-killing agribots now use an AI framework originally created for the team’s 2017 robot to climb ropes and fire Wiffle Balls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62560\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62560\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots7-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kevin Mendoza, 15, a member of Team 8048 Churrobots of East Palo Alto, Calif., cleans dust particles off a gearbox component. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As impressive as these contributions may be, gritty problem-solving is a far more central element of the \u003cem>FIRST\u003c/em> ethos. Anika Zhou, 16, quit basketball to make more time for design and mechanical work with the Space Cookies. She thinks what sets the robotics team apart from school is, “They let us make mistakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celien Bill, 17, technical manager for Team 5419 Berkelium of Berkeley High School in Berkeley, Calif., estimates he spent over 200 hours last season tuning their cone launching system. “Getting it to work the first time was super exhilarating. That feeling lasts about 10 minutes … and then you go back to improving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long term, winning and losing have about the same benefit — all the benefit is in the process,” says Dirk Wright, lead mentor for Berkelium. “You can’t understate the importance of self-confidence. It opens up a huge amount of opportunities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, it’s a lot of fun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62561\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62561\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots8-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2023 Sacramento Regional at UC Davis involved 46 teams and over 1,000 students. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At competitions, there are team flags, zebra-striped referees, huge video screens, people dressed as vikings and penguins, face paint, singalongs to “Sweet Caroline” and parents in funny hats cheering in the stands. There also are hundreds and thousands of other high schoolers in their team t-shirts, roaming between the pit area and playing field, checking out everybody and every machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides on-field triumph, teams vie for more than 20 other awards, in categories from Rookie All Star to Gracious Professionalism. Only one, the Engineering Inspiration Award, for which sponsor NASA will cover registration fees for the \u003cem>FIRST \u003c/em>Championship in Houston, has any real material value. The prestige prizes are the blue gym banners that tournament victors and major community award winners can hang in their workshops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62562\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62562\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots9-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Team 6238 Popcorn Penguins of Santa Clara County, Calif. won the Team Spirit Award at the 2023 Sacramento Regional. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But anybody can take home that warm glow of satisfaction when, in the midst of a big competition, one of their peers walks by, nods and says, “Cool robot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62563\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10.jpeg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/10/robots10-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lara Fernando (upper right corner, black sleeves extended upward) and Spartan Robotics explode the moment they know they have won the 2023 San Francisco Regional and qualified for Houston. \u003ccite>(Mark Leong for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Photos and Reporting by Mark Leong/Redux Pictures\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visual design by LA Johnson\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Edited by LA Johnson and Steve Drummond\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meet+the+high+school+sport+that+builds+robots+%E2%80%94+and+the+next+generation+of+engineers+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "America needs carpenters and plumbers. It'll take active recruitment to get Gen Z interested.",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Justin Mwandjalulu, 20, loves to build stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, as a carpentry apprentice, he installs drywall in houses with the rest of his construction crew. But he said he likes concrete the best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, you see how you poured everything. The result of your hard work,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mwandjalulu dreamed of becoming a carpenter or electrician as a child. And now he's fulfilling that dream. But that also makes him an exception to the rule. While Gen Z — often described as people born between 1997 and 2012 — is on track to become the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/05/14/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far-2/\">most educated generation\u003c/a>, fewer young folks are opting for traditionally hands-on jobs in the skilled trade and technical industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Gen Z interest in trades and skilled work has dropped\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The application rate for young people seeking technical jobs — like plumbing, building and electrical work — dropped by 49% in 2022 compared to 2020, according to data from online recruiting platform Handshake shared with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from Handshake tracked how the number of applications for technical roles vs. the number of job postings has changed over the last two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While postings for those roles — automotive technicians, equipment installers and respiratory therapists, to name a few — saw on average 10 applications each in 2020, they got about five per posting in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The typical rate is about 19 applications per job on Handshake, according to Christine Cruzvergara, the company's chief education strategy officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the creation of technical positions has continued to grow, the number of students interested in applying for them — hasn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occupations such as auto technician with aging workforces have the U.S. Chamber of Commerce warning of a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.uschamber.com/economy/what-to-expect-for-the-economy-in-2023\">massive\u003c/a>\" shortage of skilled workers in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For a long time, our society has not talked favorably about the skilled trades,\" said Cruzvergara. \"We've instead encouraged students to all go to college, all go to four-year institutions, graduate, go out into white collar jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>One path does not fit all\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Mwandjalulu, who lives in Iowa City, Iowa and is in his second year of a four-year carpentry apprenticeship, found school difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He immigrated with his family to the United States from Benin, Africa, when he was a freshman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Man, it was hard,\" he said. While his twin brother, now studying to work in banking, excelled, Mwandjalulu said he struggled with writing and English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not the type of guy that likes being in the same spot all day long, dealing with papers and stuff,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around high school graduation, Mwandjalulu said he got depressed because he didn't know what he wanted to do with his life. Many of his older friends who went to college and graduated were struggling to find jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't want to look like them,\" he said. \"I didn't want to just spend money and have a lot of loans and not use my papers,\" he said, referring to a degree and a diploma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Education, about 45 million people in the United States owe nearly $1.3 trillion in student debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mwandjalulu, who makes nearly $24 an hour as a carpenter, said he's still had trouble convincing his friends, whom he keeps in touch with on Facebook and Snapchat, to follow his path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not a lot of people, especially immigrants, that think outside of school,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The narrative is shifting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Paul Iversen, a labor educator with University of Iowa's Labor Center, hopes to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iversen, who helps helps run a pre-apprenticeship program, said one of the reasons participation in the skilled trades is low among Gen Z is because the work was once typically passed down in families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It used to be word-of-mouth,\" said Iversen. \"But there's more of a need for carpenters, pipefitters, plumbers and electricians than you can fill with the family members of current people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reality is hitting home for farmer John Boyd Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyd, 57, owns a 300-acre farm in Virginia where he grows soybeans, corn and wheat and raises cattle — just as three generations did before him. But now, none of his three children want to take over when he retires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody on my farm is over the age of 50,\" said Boyd, who is the president of the National Black Farmers' Association. \"We need some young people with some energy and hustle and innovation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Coleman, 28, is one of them. He received a scholarship from the NBFA in 2015 to study animal science at Alcorn State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coleman is now an animal health technician with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and owns his own farm. But, at times, he's found it a lonely field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average age of a U.S. farmer is 57.5, according to the 2017 Census of Agriculture, up from 54.9 in 2007, and Coleman said he's only met a couple other farmers around his age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We kind of stick together,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There is plenty of need\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Coleman said he's seen more young people express interest in agribusiness and other technical industries, particularly after the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Especially with student loans and everything, it's a lot cheaper to get a trade and make a lot of money,\" said Coleman. Most young folks just haven't had people show them the ropes,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median salary for carpenters in 2021 was $48,260 per year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. For plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters, that figure was $59,880, and for farmers, ranchers and agricultural managers, $73,060.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, filling trade and technical jobs takes active recruitment, said Iversen, who pays frequent visits to high schools around Iowa City and works with school counselors to place students in the pre-apprenticeship program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now especially, there's an urgency to fill open posts, said Iversen, as the federal government \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/15/1055841358/biden-signs-1t-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill-into-law\">funnels billions into projects to upgrade roads and transit systems\u003c/a> across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to recruit people to do these things or else our bridges are going to fall apart,\" Iversen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=America+needs+carpenters+and+plumbers.+Gen+Z+doesn%27t+seem+interested&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Baby boomers are aging out of jobs they long dominated like builders, farmers and mechanics. But skilled trades and technical jobs haven't caught on with Gen Z.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Justin Mwandjalulu, 20, loves to build stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, as a carpentry apprentice, he installs drywall in houses with the rest of his construction crew. But he said he likes concrete the best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, you see how you poured everything. The result of your hard work,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mwandjalulu dreamed of becoming a carpenter or electrician as a child. And now he's fulfilling that dream. But that also makes him an exception to the rule. While Gen Z — often described as people born between 1997 and 2012 — is on track to become the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/05/14/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far-2/\">most educated generation\u003c/a>, fewer young folks are opting for traditionally hands-on jobs in the skilled trade and technical industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Gen Z interest in trades and skilled work has dropped\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The application rate for young people seeking technical jobs — like plumbing, building and electrical work — dropped by 49% in 2022 compared to 2020, according to data from online recruiting platform Handshake shared with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from Handshake tracked how the number of applications for technical roles vs. the number of job postings has changed over the last two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While postings for those roles — automotive technicians, equipment installers and respiratory therapists, to name a few — saw on average 10 applications each in 2020, they got about five per posting in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The typical rate is about 19 applications per job on Handshake, according to Christine Cruzvergara, the company's chief education strategy officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the creation of technical positions has continued to grow, the number of students interested in applying for them — hasn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occupations such as auto technician with aging workforces have the U.S. Chamber of Commerce warning of a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.uschamber.com/economy/what-to-expect-for-the-economy-in-2023\">massive\u003c/a>\" shortage of skilled workers in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For a long time, our society has not talked favorably about the skilled trades,\" said Cruzvergara. \"We've instead encouraged students to all go to college, all go to four-year institutions, graduate, go out into white collar jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>One path does not fit all\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Mwandjalulu, who lives in Iowa City, Iowa and is in his second year of a four-year carpentry apprenticeship, found school difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He immigrated with his family to the United States from Benin, Africa, when he was a freshman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Man, it was hard,\" he said. While his twin brother, now studying to work in banking, excelled, Mwandjalulu said he struggled with writing and English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not the type of guy that likes being in the same spot all day long, dealing with papers and stuff,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around high school graduation, Mwandjalulu said he got depressed because he didn't know what he wanted to do with his life. Many of his older friends who went to college and graduated were struggling to find jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't want to look like them,\" he said. \"I didn't want to just spend money and have a lot of loans and not use my papers,\" he said, referring to a degree and a diploma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Education, about 45 million people in the United States owe nearly $1.3 trillion in student debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mwandjalulu, who makes nearly $24 an hour as a carpenter, said he's still had trouble convincing his friends, whom he keeps in touch with on Facebook and Snapchat, to follow his path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not a lot of people, especially immigrants, that think outside of school,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The narrative is shifting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Paul Iversen, a labor educator with University of Iowa's Labor Center, hopes to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iversen, who helps helps run a pre-apprenticeship program, said one of the reasons participation in the skilled trades is low among Gen Z is because the work was once typically passed down in families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It used to be word-of-mouth,\" said Iversen. \"But there's more of a need for carpenters, pipefitters, plumbers and electricians than you can fill with the family members of current people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reality is hitting home for farmer John Boyd Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyd, 57, owns a 300-acre farm in Virginia where he grows soybeans, corn and wheat and raises cattle — just as three generations did before him. But now, none of his three children want to take over when he retires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody on my farm is over the age of 50,\" said Boyd, who is the president of the National Black Farmers' Association. \"We need some young people with some energy and hustle and innovation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Coleman, 28, is one of them. He received a scholarship from the NBFA in 2015 to study animal science at Alcorn State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coleman is now an animal health technician with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and owns his own farm. But, at times, he's found it a lonely field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average age of a U.S. farmer is 57.5, according to the 2017 Census of Agriculture, up from 54.9 in 2007, and Coleman said he's only met a couple other farmers around his age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We kind of stick together,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There is plenty of need\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Coleman said he's seen more young people express interest in agribusiness and other technical industries, particularly after the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Especially with student loans and everything, it's a lot cheaper to get a trade and make a lot of money,\" said Coleman. Most young folks just haven't had people show them the ropes,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median salary for carpenters in 2021 was $48,260 per year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. For plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters, that figure was $59,880, and for farmers, ranchers and agricultural managers, $73,060.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, filling trade and technical jobs takes active recruitment, said Iversen, who pays frequent visits to high schools around Iowa City and works with school counselors to place students in the pre-apprenticeship program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now especially, there's an urgency to fill open posts, said Iversen, as the federal government \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/15/1055841358/biden-signs-1t-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill-into-law\">funnels billions into projects to upgrade roads and transit systems\u003c/a> across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to recruit people to do these things or else our bridges are going to fall apart,\" Iversen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=America+needs+carpenters+and+plumbers.+Gen+Z+doesn%27t+seem+interested&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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