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"content": "\u003cp>In 2017, psychologist and researcher Jean Twenge published \u003ca href=\"https://www.jeantwenge.com/igen-book-by-dr-jean-twenge/\">\u003cem>iGen\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, a book about the first generation to grow up with smartphones. An excerpt in The Atlantic ran under the headline, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/\">“Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?”\u003c/a> which drew some backlash for sounding alarmist. “I always point out that it was a question,” Twenge said about how her goal was to explore the issue rather than declare a conclusion. Still, the timing of her concerns struck a chord: \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/02/20/methodology-19-2/\">rates of teen depression were climbing\u003c/a> just as smartphones and social media were becoming widespread. \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8221420/#:~:text=However%2C%20as%20detailed%20below%2C%20a,of%20likely%20cause%20and%20effect.\">Early studies\u003c/a> suggested the more time teens spent on their devices, the more likely they were to report depressive symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenge’s new book, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jeantwenge.com/10-rules-for-raising-kids-in-a-high-tech-world/\">\u003cem>10 Rules for Raising Kids in a High-Tech World: How Parents Can Stop Smartphones, Social Media, and Gaming From Taking Over Their Kids’ Lives\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, updates her research while offering guidance for families. For Twenge, the subject has grown even more personal. When \u003cem>iGen\u003c/em> was released, her children were ages ten, seven and five. Eight years later, she now has a house full of teenagers, each navigating their own relationship with technology.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-65910 alignright\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/10/download.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"163\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/10/download.jpg 834w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/10/download-160x246.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/10/download-768x1179.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 163px) 100vw, 163px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much has shifted since 2017. Kids now \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/64953/its-not-too-late-to-read-that-entire-book-with-your-students\">read less\u003c/a> and have \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/attention-spans\">shorter attention spans\u003c/a>, but there’s also growing momentum for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/65757/more-students-head-back-to-class-without-one-crucial-thing-their-phones\">school phone bans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/10/08/governor-newsom-signs-data-privacy-bills-to-protect-tech-users/\">regulations around social media and data privacy\u003c/a>. Twenge argues that parents’ strategies need to evolve too. In her book, she offers recommendations, including creating tech-free zones to protect sleep, setting age benchmarks for when kids should get their first phone and helping families establish healthier digital habits even if they feel like it’s “too late” to set new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The rationale for starting social media later\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even though kids typically get their \u003ca href=\"https://childmind.org/article/when-should-you-get-your-kid-a-phone/\">first phone between ages 10 and 12\u003c/a>, Twenge recommends that parents wait until age 16 before giving their child a smartphone. While many experts hesitate to set a firm number, she argues that clear benchmarks make decisions about when their children should get a smartphone or social media easier for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So much of the advice that’s out there for parents is vague,” she said. “Every family is different and although there’s some truth to that, it also makes it really hard for parents to make that decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To illustrate, Twenge points to driving. Some kids might feel ready at 12, others much later, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.parents.com/driving-age-by-state-8607683\">as a society we commit to a\u003c/a> legal driving age. She believes technology should work the same way. Sixteen, she argues, is an appropriate age because by then most teens are trusted with other responsibilities, like driving and getting around on their own. Research also suggests that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X21001949#:~:text=Neurodevelopment%20of%20ER%20in%20adolescence,well%20%5B34%2C35%5D.\">older teens have stronger self-regulation skills\u003c/a>, which helps them handle the distractions and pressures of smartphones more safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, Twenge recommends waiting until age 16 or later before letting kids use social media, which is later than the current legal minimum of 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sixteen is a nice compromise,” she said. “It’s based on the idea that by then, kids are beyond those intense middle school years, when friend pressures are strongest. They’re more confident in their identities and relationships, and they’re generally more mature and responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Kathy Do, Assistant Project Scientist with the California Institute for Law, Neuroscience and Education, teens are particularly sensitive to the addictive aspects of social media precisely because this is when they’re most attuned to social status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Peer relationships take on greater importance during adolescence relative to childhood and adulthood. The motivation and reward systems in the brain are more active during adolescence,” she said. “Teenagers show a strong brain response to social rewards — things like praise, attention and inclusion — and to social threats like rejection or being left out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The digital landscape has shifted dramatically since 2017. Back then, parents could hand a child a flip phone for calls and texts. Today, with smartphones dominating the market, a flip phone can feel impractical or socially isolating. As a middle ground, Twenge points to “light phones” that allow calling and texting but block access to social media, web browsers and potentially harmful apps. Some even come with preset restrictions, like banned dating apps or AI chatbots to give parents more peace of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tech free zones and real world freedom\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/65757/more-students-head-back-to-class-without-one-crucial-thing-their-phones\">Schools are already seeing positive results from phone bans\u003c/a>, including students taking greater risks academically because they’re no longer anxious about other students recording permanent digital records of an embarrassing moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At home, Twenge encourages families to establish “no-phone zones” – times and places where devices are limited or off-limits. The most important of these, she argues, is the bedroom at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I say in the book, if you’re going to stick with just one rule, make it that one,” said Twenge. “Just to preserve sleep, because it’s so important for physical and mental health.” Research consistently \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8776263/\">links late-night screen use to disrupted sleep\u003c/a>, which in turn affects mood, learning and overall well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other no-phone zones might include family dinners or family vacations. Kids are more likely to buy in when parents model the same behavior. “A little bit of digital hypocrisy is okay, but you really do have to be a good role model,” Twenge explained. “If you’re going to say no phones at the family dinner table, then you have to follow that rule yourself as much as you possibly can.” Vacations can be trickier since kids often want to stay connected to friends. In those cases, Twenge suggests designating a short, predictable window for phone use, such as after dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When phones are put away, parents can create space for what Twenge calls “real-world freedom.” This means encouraging kids to build independence, life skills and offline social connections. Examples include walking to school, biking to a friend’s house, running errands or helping out at home with chores like laundry or cooking. “And it’s great for parents too,” Twenge added, “because then you don’t have to cook that night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is it too late for rules?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ideally, stronger regulations would place more responsibility on the companies designing apps that keep users hooked. In the absence of such guardrails, much of the responsibility falls to parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the biggest challenges of modern parenting is that you want to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">be loving but firm\u003c/a>. [You get the best outcomes] when you can do both,” said Twenge. She added that parents can explain the reasoning behind their choices, though it won’t always stop kids from questioning the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children already recognize when their own or their friends’ relationships with technology are unhealthy. “Whether it’s one-on-one or when I give talks at middle schools or high schools, that’s the general theme: they know this is a problem. They just don’t always know what to do about it, partially because they feel like all their friends are doing it,” Twenge said. Parents can help by giving kids language they can use with peers, such as “I may not text you back right away because I’m having family dinner” or “I have to keep my phone outside my bedroom when I go to sleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For parents who introduced smartphones or apps before age 16, Twenge emphasizes that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">it’s not too late to make changes\u003c/a>. “It’s a real myth that you can never go back. You absolutely can,” she said. The approach depends on a child’s age. For an 11-year-old with an unrestricted smartphone, she advises rolling back access by replacing it with a flip phone, a basic phone or even no phone at all. For a 15-year-old, parents might allow them to keep the device but add new guardrails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put parental controls on it so they can’t download apps on their own,” Twenge suggested. “Then you have to have a conversation about why they want a certain app.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenge said that it’s definitely easier to set guidelines before and not change them, but parents shouldn’t be too hard on themselves. “Everybody makes mistakes. I certainly made mistakes in this area as a parent. You just have to own your mistakes and try to correct them.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2017, psychologist and researcher Jean Twenge published \u003ca href=\"https://www.jeantwenge.com/igen-book-by-dr-jean-twenge/\">\u003cem>iGen\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, a book about the first generation to grow up with smartphones. An excerpt in The Atlantic ran under the headline, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/\">“Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?”\u003c/a> which drew some backlash for sounding alarmist. “I always point out that it was a question,” Twenge said about how her goal was to explore the issue rather than declare a conclusion. Still, the timing of her concerns struck a chord: \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/02/20/methodology-19-2/\">rates of teen depression were climbing\u003c/a> just as smartphones and social media were becoming widespread. \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8221420/#:~:text=However%2C%20as%20detailed%20below%2C%20a,of%20likely%20cause%20and%20effect.\">Early studies\u003c/a> suggested the more time teens spent on their devices, the more likely they were to report depressive symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenge’s new book, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jeantwenge.com/10-rules-for-raising-kids-in-a-high-tech-world/\">\u003cem>10 Rules for Raising Kids in a High-Tech World: How Parents Can Stop Smartphones, Social Media, and Gaming From Taking Over Their Kids’ Lives\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, updates her research while offering guidance for families. For Twenge, the subject has grown even more personal. When \u003cem>iGen\u003c/em> was released, her children were ages ten, seven and five. Eight years later, she now has a house full of teenagers, each navigating their own relationship with technology.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-65910 alignright\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/10/download.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"163\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/10/download.jpg 834w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/10/download-160x246.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/10/download-768x1179.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 163px) 100vw, 163px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much has shifted since 2017. Kids now \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/64953/its-not-too-late-to-read-that-entire-book-with-your-students\">read less\u003c/a> and have \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/attention-spans\">shorter attention spans\u003c/a>, but there’s also growing momentum for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/65757/more-students-head-back-to-class-without-one-crucial-thing-their-phones\">school phone bans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/10/08/governor-newsom-signs-data-privacy-bills-to-protect-tech-users/\">regulations around social media and data privacy\u003c/a>. Twenge argues that parents’ strategies need to evolve too. In her book, she offers recommendations, including creating tech-free zones to protect sleep, setting age benchmarks for when kids should get their first phone and helping families establish healthier digital habits even if they feel like it’s “too late” to set new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The rationale for starting social media later\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even though kids typically get their \u003ca href=\"https://childmind.org/article/when-should-you-get-your-kid-a-phone/\">first phone between ages 10 and 12\u003c/a>, Twenge recommends that parents wait until age 16 before giving their child a smartphone. While many experts hesitate to set a firm number, she argues that clear benchmarks make decisions about when their children should get a smartphone or social media easier for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So much of the advice that’s out there for parents is vague,” she said. “Every family is different and although there’s some truth to that, it also makes it really hard for parents to make that decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To illustrate, Twenge points to driving. Some kids might feel ready at 12, others much later, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.parents.com/driving-age-by-state-8607683\">as a society we commit to a\u003c/a> legal driving age. She believes technology should work the same way. Sixteen, she argues, is an appropriate age because by then most teens are trusted with other responsibilities, like driving and getting around on their own. Research also suggests that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X21001949#:~:text=Neurodevelopment%20of%20ER%20in%20adolescence,well%20%5B34%2C35%5D.\">older teens have stronger self-regulation skills\u003c/a>, which helps them handle the distractions and pressures of smartphones more safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, Twenge recommends waiting until age 16 or later before letting kids use social media, which is later than the current legal minimum of 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sixteen is a nice compromise,” she said. “It’s based on the idea that by then, kids are beyond those intense middle school years, when friend pressures are strongest. They’re more confident in their identities and relationships, and they’re generally more mature and responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Kathy Do, Assistant Project Scientist with the California Institute for Law, Neuroscience and Education, teens are particularly sensitive to the addictive aspects of social media precisely because this is when they’re most attuned to social status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Peer relationships take on greater importance during adolescence relative to childhood and adulthood. The motivation and reward systems in the brain are more active during adolescence,” she said. “Teenagers show a strong brain response to social rewards — things like praise, attention and inclusion — and to social threats like rejection or being left out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The digital landscape has shifted dramatically since 2017. Back then, parents could hand a child a flip phone for calls and texts. Today, with smartphones dominating the market, a flip phone can feel impractical or socially isolating. As a middle ground, Twenge points to “light phones” that allow calling and texting but block access to social media, web browsers and potentially harmful apps. Some even come with preset restrictions, like banned dating apps or AI chatbots to give parents more peace of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tech free zones and real world freedom\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/65757/more-students-head-back-to-class-without-one-crucial-thing-their-phones\">Schools are already seeing positive results from phone bans\u003c/a>, including students taking greater risks academically because they’re no longer anxious about other students recording permanent digital records of an embarrassing moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At home, Twenge encourages families to establish “no-phone zones” – times and places where devices are limited or off-limits. The most important of these, she argues, is the bedroom at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I say in the book, if you’re going to stick with just one rule, make it that one,” said Twenge. “Just to preserve sleep, because it’s so important for physical and mental health.” Research consistently \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8776263/\">links late-night screen use to disrupted sleep\u003c/a>, which in turn affects mood, learning and overall well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other no-phone zones might include family dinners or family vacations. Kids are more likely to buy in when parents model the same behavior. “A little bit of digital hypocrisy is okay, but you really do have to be a good role model,” Twenge explained. “If you’re going to say no phones at the family dinner table, then you have to follow that rule yourself as much as you possibly can.” Vacations can be trickier since kids often want to stay connected to friends. In those cases, Twenge suggests designating a short, predictable window for phone use, such as after dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When phones are put away, parents can create space for what Twenge calls “real-world freedom.” This means encouraging kids to build independence, life skills and offline social connections. Examples include walking to school, biking to a friend’s house, running errands or helping out at home with chores like laundry or cooking. “And it’s great for parents too,” Twenge added, “because then you don’t have to cook that night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is it too late for rules?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ideally, stronger regulations would place more responsibility on the companies designing apps that keep users hooked. In the absence of such guardrails, much of the responsibility falls to parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the biggest challenges of modern parenting is that you want to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">be loving but firm\u003c/a>. [You get the best outcomes] when you can do both,” said Twenge. She added that parents can explain the reasoning behind their choices, though it won’t always stop kids from questioning the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children already recognize when their own or their friends’ relationships with technology are unhealthy. “Whether it’s one-on-one or when I give talks at middle schools or high schools, that’s the general theme: they know this is a problem. They just don’t always know what to do about it, partially because they feel like all their friends are doing it,” Twenge said. Parents can help by giving kids language they can use with peers, such as “I may not text you back right away because I’m having family dinner” or “I have to keep my phone outside my bedroom when I go to sleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For parents who introduced smartphones or apps before age 16, Twenge emphasizes that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">it’s not too late to make changes\u003c/a>. “It’s a real myth that you can never go back. You absolutely can,” she said. The approach depends on a child’s age. For an 11-year-old with an unrestricted smartphone, she advises rolling back access by replacing it with a flip phone, a basic phone or even no phone at all. For a 15-year-old, parents might allow them to keep the device but add new guardrails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put parental controls on it so they can’t download apps on their own,” Twenge suggested. “Then you have to have a conversation about why they want a certain app.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenge said that it’s definitely easier to set guidelines before and not change them, but parents shouldn’t be too hard on themselves. “Everybody makes mistakes. I certainly made mistakes in this area as a parent. You just have to own your mistakes and try to correct them.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ruling Our eXperiences’s (ROX) Girls’ Index compiles data taken from a survey of tens of thousands of girls in schools across the country. For the 2023 Girls’ Index, declines in confidence and increased feelings of sadness and depression were seen across the board, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/64715/youth-mental-health-is-declining-school-based-supports-can-help\">which tracks with other surveys of youths\u003c/a>. The top four stressors that girls reported experiencing were school, grades, friendships and family issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One surprise in the survey data, however, was the sharp declines seen in the youngest age group surveyed – 10 and 11 year old girls – according to Lisa Hinkelman, the CEO of ROX.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2023 Girls’ Index found that 75% of 5th and 6th grade girls reported feeling high levels of pressure, especially in the four stressors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of girls surveyed reported that conflict with other girls, or “girl drama,” discourages them from wanting to attend school; the youngest age group reported the highest percentages of friendship issues at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Girls who have healthier and more supportive relationships with other girls reported lower levels of sadness and depression,” said Hinkelman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Declining confidence is common with all genders during puberty, according to Jane Mendle, an associate professor of psychology at Cornell University. Mendle, who studies the effects that puberty has on the mental health of adolescents, particularly girls, also said that girls have steeper declines in self-esteem during puberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Defining Puberty\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Puberty is not as easily defined as most might think, and on average, it’s about a four year process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puberty is transformative and it involves change across virtually every domain of life,” said Mendle. Although puberty markers for girls often begin with physical changes and end with menarche – the first menstrual cycle – there are also major changes in behavior, emotions and social relationships, she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Girls who go through puberty earlier than their peers are at an \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2927128/\">increased risk for mental health issues\u003c/a> and, on average, girls are starting \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/19/science/early-puberty-medical-reason.html\">puberty earlier than they had in previous decades\u003c/a>. It’s not uncommon now for the first stages of puberty to begin at age 9 and for the later stages of puberty to begin just under 12 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would not be an exaggeration to say that the average timing of puberty now looks like what we were talking about early pubertal timing in, say, the 1970s or early 80s,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons why earlier puberty can be difficult is because “physical development, cognitive development and emotional development don’t necessarily occur in synchrony,” said Mendle. “When any child begins to exhibit obvious signs of physical development, they’re going to find their world changing. They’re going to be treated differently by other people, and they tend to be granted more autonomy,” said Mendle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because puberty involves significant social changes, girls who go through puberty earlier “may find it difficult to keep up friendships with friends who haven’t developed at similar rates,” said Mendle. “Even though puberty is defined by its biological features, I think of it as a fundamentally social transition and the context in which kids experience it is really formative for how it unfolds,” she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Puberty and Social Media \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Young people now are increasingly tech savvy, and have more access to digital technologies compared to generations prior. In the past, young girls curious about puberty and the changes that accompany it might have gone to their mother or an older sister for advice, said Mendle, but now they might be more interested in TikTok and period tracking apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to decreased confidence, the youngest group surveyed by ROX also saw the largest increase in social media use. In the 2023 report, 95% of 5th and 6th grade girls surveyed said that they use social media, and 46% of those who use social media spent more than six hours per day on those platforms — compared to only 9% in 2017. Other \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/12/11/teens-social-media-and-technology-2023/\">surveys\u003c/a> of teen social media use demonstrate \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/512576/teens-spend-average-hours-social-media-per-day.aspx\">similar\u003c/a> levels of use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ROX 2023 Girls’ Index, social media use negatively impacts girls’ confidence, quality of sleep and ability to focus in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2024/04/teen-social-use-mental-health\">strong correlations between increased social media use\u003c/a> in adolescent girls and decreased confidence, Hinkelman said that it’s important to remember that this does not imply causation. “I do think that [social media] can amplify some of the existing challenges that are happening more for girls,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hinkelman noted that because puberty and access to information and technology is happening earlier, ROX is seeing challenges that have historically affected girls at an older age affecting girls younger and younger. “It’s kind of like they’re getting older, younger,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Impact in Schools\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The effects of girls’ declining mental health and increased social media use factors into a post-pandemic educational landscape that puts strain on educators, said Hinkelman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chelsea Tabor, a school counselor, said that her students are hyper aware of the permanence of their online footprint. While they rely on social media to connect with friends and maintain relationships, they are also worried about conflict because anything they post online can be screenshot and shared with unintended recipients, said Tabor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means this behavior and lack of privacy online might discourage girls from having vulnerable conversations when they need to, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In previous years, Tabor has done an exercise with her students as part of their social media hygiene practice. She encourages girls to look at their social media feeds and identify posts that make them feel inadequate or negative. Tabor then suggests that they unfollow those accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Adult and School Support for Girls\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ROX 2023 Girls’ Index found that two thirds of all parents rarely or never monitor their children’s use of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hinkelman, it’s important to invest in educating the adults who influence girls’ lives because “being ten today is really different than it was 20 or 30 years ago.” When it comes to support, the girls surveyed indicated that they need adults in their life to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57108/listen-and-connect-how-parents-can-support-teens-mental-health-right-now\">listen to them without judgment\u003c/a>, said Hinkelman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Puberty can be an isolating experience, so parents need to make sure that their kids know that everyone experiences some form of puberty, but that one person’s experience may not be the same as someone else’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mendle, research shows that girls who know what to expect when it comes to puberty and periods experience less distress after they’ve had their first period. Normalizing conversations about periods and providing opportunities for kids to ask questions is an easy way for parents to help with these expectations, according to Mendle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While social media and the internet are useful tools to gather information about periods, girls continue to report that their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58487/how-parents-can-have-conversations-that-motivate-teens\">parents are the people that they rely on the most\u003c/a> for their information. “But it’s undeniable that kids today are navigating a very, very different world socially and technologically than when a lot of the foundational research on puberty was first done,” said Mendle. Parents can offer to look up information online about periods and puberty with their kids to help them determine accurate and reliable resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asking questions is a normal part of puberty, said Mendle, but young people aren’t as informed as they should be when it comes to this transitional life experience. It’s important for adults to be aware of the impacts that the school environment can have on a student’s experience of puberty, she continued. Reminding kids that puberty isn’t only a physical transition, but can also affect relationships and friendships can help students better navigate social settings in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Self Continuity Throughout Puberty\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When kids go through puberty, they often think that everything is entirely different in their lives. And while kids are going through change, there’s a lot that stays the same. According to Mendle, young people need to be made aware of self continuity throughout puberty — the idea that they are the same person before, during and after. The practice of self continuity is “shown to be associated with buffering the psychological impact of puberty,” said Mendle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids might need help connecting threads of their pre- and post-pubescent self, Mendle continued. Parents can help connect these threads by talking to their kids about the similarities and differences between school settings during this four-year transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also important to remember that as kids go through puberty their interests and extracurricular activities might change, said Mendle. Being aware of these possible changes, and making sure that new activities and interests involve some similarities — like friends or time outdoors — to previous activities is key.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ruling Our eXperiences’s (ROX) Girls’ Index compiles data taken from a survey of tens of thousands of girls in schools across the country. For the 2023 Girls’ Index, declines in confidence and increased feelings of sadness and depression were seen across the board, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/64715/youth-mental-health-is-declining-school-based-supports-can-help\">which tracks with other surveys of youths\u003c/a>. The top four stressors that girls reported experiencing were school, grades, friendships and family issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One surprise in the survey data, however, was the sharp declines seen in the youngest age group surveyed – 10 and 11 year old girls – according to Lisa Hinkelman, the CEO of ROX.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2023 Girls’ Index found that 75% of 5th and 6th grade girls reported feeling high levels of pressure, especially in the four stressors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of girls surveyed reported that conflict with other girls, or “girl drama,” discourages them from wanting to attend school; the youngest age group reported the highest percentages of friendship issues at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Girls who have healthier and more supportive relationships with other girls reported lower levels of sadness and depression,” said Hinkelman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Declining confidence is common with all genders during puberty, according to Jane Mendle, an associate professor of psychology at Cornell University. Mendle, who studies the effects that puberty has on the mental health of adolescents, particularly girls, also said that girls have steeper declines in self-esteem during puberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Defining Puberty\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Puberty is not as easily defined as most might think, and on average, it’s about a four year process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puberty is transformative and it involves change across virtually every domain of life,” said Mendle. Although puberty markers for girls often begin with physical changes and end with menarche – the first menstrual cycle – there are also major changes in behavior, emotions and social relationships, she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Girls who go through puberty earlier than their peers are at an \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2927128/\">increased risk for mental health issues\u003c/a> and, on average, girls are starting \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/19/science/early-puberty-medical-reason.html\">puberty earlier than they had in previous decades\u003c/a>. It’s not uncommon now for the first stages of puberty to begin at age 9 and for the later stages of puberty to begin just under 12 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would not be an exaggeration to say that the average timing of puberty now looks like what we were talking about early pubertal timing in, say, the 1970s or early 80s,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons why earlier puberty can be difficult is because “physical development, cognitive development and emotional development don’t necessarily occur in synchrony,” said Mendle. “When any child begins to exhibit obvious signs of physical development, they’re going to find their world changing. They’re going to be treated differently by other people, and they tend to be granted more autonomy,” said Mendle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because puberty involves significant social changes, girls who go through puberty earlier “may find it difficult to keep up friendships with friends who haven’t developed at similar rates,” said Mendle. “Even though puberty is defined by its biological features, I think of it as a fundamentally social transition and the context in which kids experience it is really formative for how it unfolds,” she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Puberty and Social Media \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Young people now are increasingly tech savvy, and have more access to digital technologies compared to generations prior. In the past, young girls curious about puberty and the changes that accompany it might have gone to their mother or an older sister for advice, said Mendle, but now they might be more interested in TikTok and period tracking apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to decreased confidence, the youngest group surveyed by ROX also saw the largest increase in social media use. In the 2023 report, 95% of 5th and 6th grade girls surveyed said that they use social media, and 46% of those who use social media spent more than six hours per day on those platforms — compared to only 9% in 2017. Other \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/12/11/teens-social-media-and-technology-2023/\">surveys\u003c/a> of teen social media use demonstrate \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/512576/teens-spend-average-hours-social-media-per-day.aspx\">similar\u003c/a> levels of use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ROX 2023 Girls’ Index, social media use negatively impacts girls’ confidence, quality of sleep and ability to focus in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2024/04/teen-social-use-mental-health\">strong correlations between increased social media use\u003c/a> in adolescent girls and decreased confidence, Hinkelman said that it’s important to remember that this does not imply causation. “I do think that [social media] can amplify some of the existing challenges that are happening more for girls,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hinkelman noted that because puberty and access to information and technology is happening earlier, ROX is seeing challenges that have historically affected girls at an older age affecting girls younger and younger. “It’s kind of like they’re getting older, younger,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Impact in Schools\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The effects of girls’ declining mental health and increased social media use factors into a post-pandemic educational landscape that puts strain on educators, said Hinkelman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chelsea Tabor, a school counselor, said that her students are hyper aware of the permanence of their online footprint. While they rely on social media to connect with friends and maintain relationships, they are also worried about conflict because anything they post online can be screenshot and shared with unintended recipients, said Tabor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means this behavior and lack of privacy online might discourage girls from having vulnerable conversations when they need to, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In previous years, Tabor has done an exercise with her students as part of their social media hygiene practice. She encourages girls to look at their social media feeds and identify posts that make them feel inadequate or negative. Tabor then suggests that they unfollow those accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Adult and School Support for Girls\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ROX 2023 Girls’ Index found that two thirds of all parents rarely or never monitor their children’s use of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hinkelman, it’s important to invest in educating the adults who influence girls’ lives because “being ten today is really different than it was 20 or 30 years ago.” When it comes to support, the girls surveyed indicated that they need adults in their life to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57108/listen-and-connect-how-parents-can-support-teens-mental-health-right-now\">listen to them without judgment\u003c/a>, said Hinkelman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Puberty can be an isolating experience, so parents need to make sure that their kids know that everyone experiences some form of puberty, but that one person’s experience may not be the same as someone else’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mendle, research shows that girls who know what to expect when it comes to puberty and periods experience less distress after they’ve had their first period. Normalizing conversations about periods and providing opportunities for kids to ask questions is an easy way for parents to help with these expectations, according to Mendle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While social media and the internet are useful tools to gather information about periods, girls continue to report that their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58487/how-parents-can-have-conversations-that-motivate-teens\">parents are the people that they rely on the most\u003c/a> for their information. “But it’s undeniable that kids today are navigating a very, very different world socially and technologically than when a lot of the foundational research on puberty was first done,” said Mendle. Parents can offer to look up information online about periods and puberty with their kids to help them determine accurate and reliable resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asking questions is a normal part of puberty, said Mendle, but young people aren’t as informed as they should be when it comes to this transitional life experience. It’s important for adults to be aware of the impacts that the school environment can have on a student’s experience of puberty, she continued. Reminding kids that puberty isn’t only a physical transition, but can also affect relationships and friendships can help students better navigate social settings in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Self Continuity Throughout Puberty\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When kids go through puberty, they often think that everything is entirely different in their lives. And while kids are going through change, there’s a lot that stays the same. According to Mendle, young people need to be made aware of self continuity throughout puberty — the idea that they are the same person before, during and after. The practice of self continuity is “shown to be associated with buffering the psychological impact of puberty,” said Mendle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids might need help connecting threads of their pre- and post-pubescent self, Mendle continued. Parents can help connect these threads by talking to their kids about the similarities and differences between school settings during this four-year transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also important to remember that as kids go through puberty their interests and extracurricular activities might change, said Mendle. Being aware of these possible changes, and making sure that new activities and interests involve some similarities — like friends or time outdoors — to previous activities is key.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every coach has seen it. The gangly teenager lunging for a basketball, coming at it too fast and fumbling it out of bounds. The tentative hitter flailing at a pitch seconds after it has landed in the catcher’s glove—strike 3!—and then slumping off to the bench. The volatile first singles player smacking his serves into the net, again and again, growing more furious with every fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter the sport, it’s the coach’s job to help players fix their mistakes. But how best to correct them, so that instead of feeling wounded or demoralized, the kid feels motivated to improve? Coaches will typically opt for one of two approaches: identifying the mistake and offering blunt corrections or downplaying the error to boost the kid’s confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents have the same default settings when confronted with their children’s mistakes and misbehavior: They’re tough enforcers or gentle protectors, sometimes vacillating between postures or falling for the compliment sandwich, a criticism hidden between two bits of feeble praise, which doesn’t fool anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Yeager, author of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/10-to-25/David-Yeager/9781668023884\">10 to 25: The Science of Motivating Young People\u003c/a>,” calls this predicament the Mentor’s Dilemma: the challenge in correcting a mentee’s work without shattering her confidence. It’s especially tricky to get right when working with adolescents, because young people need guidance that includes corrections, but they are also highly sensitive to criticism from respected adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grown-ups will not break through to teenagers without appreciating teenagers’ neurobiological longing for status and respect, which Yeager equates to babies’ need for food and sleep. Yeager suggests adopting a mentor’s mindset, which is grounded in this basic understanding of the teenage brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mentor’s mindset shatters the idea that influential adults must be either tough guys or a soft touch. “Neither approach is good,” Yeager told me. What adolescents need are corrections \u003cem>with\u003c/em> encouragement. “Keep high standards and give more support,” he said. Honest feedback works when it is accompanied by moral support and clarity on how to get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Care and Expectations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To start, coaches need to make clear and frequent statements about their high expectations and sincere care for their players, especially given the power imbalance between them. Adolescents already suffer from the discrepancy between their need for esteem and their relative powerlessness in schools. If the coach is not transparent about his concern for the young person, even thoughtful criticism can be misinterpreted. The best coaches are “hyper-explicit” about caring for the kids on the team, Yeager said, so that the teenagers understand that the coaches’ corrections are motivated by genuine concern rather than the urge to control. Adults who work with young people may not realize how top-of-mind the imbalance of power between them weighs on adolescents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Effective coach mentors also focus strictly on the process rather than outcomes. When coaches celebrate wins and criticize mistakes, they’re suggesting that what matters most is the result, not player growth. It’s more motivating to help athletes develop what they can control—their form, mechanics, attitude, effort—and to let the result take care of itself. A longtime coach of multiple sports, Yeager also encourages accumulating data on players and sharing it with them to inspire effort. Tangible progress in the weightroom, for example, can motivate athletes to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Real Questions for Real Answers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rather than tell players what they did wrong, a wise coach also asks questions to elicit change. But not any old questions: asking a detached 10\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> grade basketball player why his head isn’t in the game will not prompt reflection or inspire improvement. What mentors do is ask genuine questions that are grounded in a desire to learn what the player is thinking and that reveal an understanding of the young person’s perspective. Such questioning could sound like this: “I appreciate that you have a lot of distractions this week with mid-terms. I also know that you care about improving your game. Can you help me understand what you think is slowing you down on the court?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thoughtful questions build relationships, promote collaboration and spur improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research found that kids in the classroom are motivated to persevere during (what most would consider) boring drills when they could connect those activities to a larger purpose: kids who had been asked to consider what issues or problems mattered to them, then reminded that a sound education and hard work would equip them to address these concerns, were better able to focus on the unglamorous side of learning. The same logic holds in sports. Coach mentors who find a way to connect drills, stretching and other ho-hum activities as a necessary steppingstone to the players’ purpose beyond mere self-interest—like supporting the team—will inspire more concentration and effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeager explains how Chip Engelland, a shooting coach for several top NBA players, married high standards with ample support to improve athletes’ games. When analyzing one player’s flawed shot, Engelland was direct about what needed to change while expressing confidence in the player’s ability to do so. He organized rigorous practices that focused on the precise skills the player needed to master. When the young man erred, Engelland asked questions—starting with “how did that feel?”—to nudge the player to figure out for himself how to adjust. Engelland maintained his demanding standards and offered consistent support despite frustrations and setbacks, all the while promoting the player’s autonomy. “’As a coach, I’m constantly trying to get young players to take feedback without feeling threatened,’” he told Yeager, adding that, “’it’s fundamentally about the balance between challenge and safety.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mentors like Engelland start from the position that young people are capable and good-natured. Though their behavior might seem foolish or illogical to an adult, their position makes sense to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s best to embrace “the most generous interpretation” of an adolescent’s conduct, as advised by parenting expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/11544588-finding-the-good-inside-can-often-come-from-asking-ourselves\">Dr. Becky Kennedy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every coach has seen it. The gangly teenager lunging for a basketball, coming at it too fast and fumbling it out of bounds. The tentative hitter flailing at a pitch seconds after it has landed in the catcher’s glove—strike 3!—and then slumping off to the bench. The volatile first singles player smacking his serves into the net, again and again, growing more furious with every fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter the sport, it’s the coach’s job to help players fix their mistakes. But how best to correct them, so that instead of feeling wounded or demoralized, the kid feels motivated to improve? Coaches will typically opt for one of two approaches: identifying the mistake and offering blunt corrections or downplaying the error to boost the kid’s confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents have the same default settings when confronted with their children’s mistakes and misbehavior: They’re tough enforcers or gentle protectors, sometimes vacillating between postures or falling for the compliment sandwich, a criticism hidden between two bits of feeble praise, which doesn’t fool anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Yeager, author of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/10-to-25/David-Yeager/9781668023884\">10 to 25: The Science of Motivating Young People\u003c/a>,” calls this predicament the Mentor’s Dilemma: the challenge in correcting a mentee’s work without shattering her confidence. It’s especially tricky to get right when working with adolescents, because young people need guidance that includes corrections, but they are also highly sensitive to criticism from respected adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grown-ups will not break through to teenagers without appreciating teenagers’ neurobiological longing for status and respect, which Yeager equates to babies’ need for food and sleep. Yeager suggests adopting a mentor’s mindset, which is grounded in this basic understanding of the teenage brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mentor’s mindset shatters the idea that influential adults must be either tough guys or a soft touch. “Neither approach is good,” Yeager told me. What adolescents need are corrections \u003cem>with\u003c/em> encouragement. “Keep high standards and give more support,” he said. Honest feedback works when it is accompanied by moral support and clarity on how to get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Care and Expectations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To start, coaches need to make clear and frequent statements about their high expectations and sincere care for their players, especially given the power imbalance between them. Adolescents already suffer from the discrepancy between their need for esteem and their relative powerlessness in schools. If the coach is not transparent about his concern for the young person, even thoughtful criticism can be misinterpreted. The best coaches are “hyper-explicit” about caring for the kids on the team, Yeager said, so that the teenagers understand that the coaches’ corrections are motivated by genuine concern rather than the urge to control. Adults who work with young people may not realize how top-of-mind the imbalance of power between them weighs on adolescents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Effective coach mentors also focus strictly on the process rather than outcomes. When coaches celebrate wins and criticize mistakes, they’re suggesting that what matters most is the result, not player growth. It’s more motivating to help athletes develop what they can control—their form, mechanics, attitude, effort—and to let the result take care of itself. A longtime coach of multiple sports, Yeager also encourages accumulating data on players and sharing it with them to inspire effort. Tangible progress in the weightroom, for example, can motivate athletes to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Real Questions for Real Answers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rather than tell players what they did wrong, a wise coach also asks questions to elicit change. But not any old questions: asking a detached 10\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> grade basketball player why his head isn’t in the game will not prompt reflection or inspire improvement. What mentors do is ask genuine questions that are grounded in a desire to learn what the player is thinking and that reveal an understanding of the young person’s perspective. Such questioning could sound like this: “I appreciate that you have a lot of distractions this week with mid-terms. I also know that you care about improving your game. Can you help me understand what you think is slowing you down on the court?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thoughtful questions build relationships, promote collaboration and spur improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research found that kids in the classroom are motivated to persevere during (what most would consider) boring drills when they could connect those activities to a larger purpose: kids who had been asked to consider what issues or problems mattered to them, then reminded that a sound education and hard work would equip them to address these concerns, were better able to focus on the unglamorous side of learning. The same logic holds in sports. Coach mentors who find a way to connect drills, stretching and other ho-hum activities as a necessary steppingstone to the players’ purpose beyond mere self-interest—like supporting the team—will inspire more concentration and effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeager explains how Chip Engelland, a shooting coach for several top NBA players, married high standards with ample support to improve athletes’ games. When analyzing one player’s flawed shot, Engelland was direct about what needed to change while expressing confidence in the player’s ability to do so. He organized rigorous practices that focused on the precise skills the player needed to master. When the young man erred, Engelland asked questions—starting with “how did that feel?”—to nudge the player to figure out for himself how to adjust. Engelland maintained his demanding standards and offered consistent support despite frustrations and setbacks, all the while promoting the player’s autonomy. “’As a coach, I’m constantly trying to get young players to take feedback without feeling threatened,’” he told Yeager, adding that, “’it’s fundamentally about the balance between challenge and safety.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mentors like Engelland start from the position that young people are capable and good-natured. Though their behavior might seem foolish or illogical to an adult, their position makes sense to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s best to embrace “the most generous interpretation” of an adolescent’s conduct, as advised by parenting expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/11544588-finding-the-good-inside-can-often-come-from-asking-ourselves\">Dr. Becky Kennedy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s common for students to introduce themselves to reading specialist \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/BenisonMrs/\">Belkys Benison\u003c/a> as a “non-reader.” Students come into her \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/43049/20-tips-to-help-de-escalate-interactions-with-anxious-or-defiant-students\">classroom angry, anxious\u003c/a> or feeling incapable because of their struggles in the classroom. These kinds of student reactions reflect how students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54853/why-its-imperative-we-all-learn-to-be-emotion-scientists\">made to feel\u003c/a> about themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why she makes sure to acknowledge their feelings, past academic experiences and their capacity to learn so she can prepare them to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are led to believe that their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58155/grades-have-huge-impact-but-are-they-effective\">academic success\u003c/a> determines their future success, so when they’re told they’re deficient in skills like reading, it “can be really damaging to their sense of self-worth” and threaten their sense of belonging, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/27014/anxious-about-tests-tips-to-ease-angst\">Geoffrey Cohen\u003c/a>, a social psychologist Stanford University professor. He is also author of the book, “\u003ca href=\"https://digitaleducation.stanford.edu/book-series/2023/Geoffrey-Cohen-belonging-science-creating-connection-bridging-divides\">Belonging: The Science of Creating Connection and Bridging Divides\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benison knows students can feel this way, so she gives them persistent positive feedback and fosters a safe learning environment to slowly build trust with students who may have come into their first lessons reluctant and lacking confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benison likes to use affirming phrases like “you’re capable of doing hard things,” “hard things are worth doing” or, “I know it’s hard, but you’re not doing it alone.” These reassurances need to be repeated a lot when she begins working with students in order to remove anxiety or de-escalate any stress that might come up during lessons. And of course, she’s there to provide the learning support to ensure the student can achieve their goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cohen, these types of positive messages, when conveyed credibly, “can really undo a lot of the damage of these past experiences that these kids come in with.” When re-building trust with students is successful, expectations of those students can also be adjusted to reflect that they are capable of academic success and achievement, said Cohen. This process can help to open students’ “minds to a new way of looking at their academic experience,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Fostering belonging during adolescence \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Feeling a sense of belonging is important at any age, but in adolescence, those feelings can be heightened. Sometimes, feedback from a student’s larger culture or community can trigger feelings of inadequacy when belonging isn’t there, according to Andrew Fuligni, the co-executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://developingadolescent.semel.ucla.edu/\">Center for the Developing Adolescent at UCLA. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adolescents are building an identity, which involves discovering things that you are good at, said Fuligni. When students are told that they have fallen behind in a particular skill, it can damage their sense of belonging; the feelings are heightened because adolescents are particularly prone to internalizing the messages they hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many students \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/36603/new-research-students-benefit-from-learning-that-intelligence-is-not-fixed\">mistakenly believe that academic ability is fixed\u003c/a> rather than a developed skill, said Fuligni. Creating a \u003ca href=\"https://video.kqed.org/video/brief-but-spectacular-1715723919/\">growth culture\u003c/a> in the classroom, especially “cooperative learning situations where kids of varying abilities are working together towards a higher standard,” can help to foster a sense of belonging for students who are behind, Cohen added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally, remediation just sends a message that you need help and that message can be pretty threatening,” said Cohen. It’s often assumed that “poor performance reflects poor ability but that’s not the case. It’s often a lack of preparation,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The role of teachers and adults\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59687/middle-schoolers-are-social-what-opportunity-does-that-create-for-learning\">Adolescence is a critical developmental period\u003c/a>, during which students “are trying to figure out the trustworthiness of institutions, and people like teachers,” said Cohen. For members of marginalized groups, “the extra question is ‘how will they treat people like me?’,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adolescents are particularly attuned to figuring out where they fit in and care deeply about social status, and that’s not going to change for that age group. That means adults bear the responsibility of controlling how they respond, and they can help students who are behind have a positive outcome through small acts and comments of affirmation, according to Fuligni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Affirming the contributions, the ideas and the values of all of our students really can go a long way,” said Fuligni. When a student’s contributions and skills are affirmed in these small ways, it cultivates a sense of trust and lets them see that they are “valued members of the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Seeing progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to Benison, who teaches students up to sixth grade, sharing a student’s reading progress with them can be a helpful way to boost their confidence, and reinforce the trust between student and teacher. Setting very clear goals and allowing students to consistently see their own success helps students to continually build upon their knowledge and skill set, said Benison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I teach in a way that they know they’re growing,” she continued. Benison doesn’t share the initial intake information with her students because she doesn’t want students to define themselves by the original data. But she periodically shares students’ progress with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her students make mistakes, Benison takes note and makes necessary adjustments to include that skill in every lesson until that learning is reinforced. According to Benison, allowing students to correct their own work, without the pressure of a grade, helps students to recognize their own growth. In May of each year, Benison takes time to look back to the start of the year with each student to show them how much they’ve learned and grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that when I teach them how to read, and I encourage them to do difficult things, I’m not just letting them get through the day, but I’m preparing them for their future,” said Benison.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s common for students to introduce themselves to reading specialist \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/BenisonMrs/\">Belkys Benison\u003c/a> as a “non-reader.” Students come into her \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/43049/20-tips-to-help-de-escalate-interactions-with-anxious-or-defiant-students\">classroom angry, anxious\u003c/a> or feeling incapable because of their struggles in the classroom. These kinds of student reactions reflect how students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54853/why-its-imperative-we-all-learn-to-be-emotion-scientists\">made to feel\u003c/a> about themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why she makes sure to acknowledge their feelings, past academic experiences and their capacity to learn so she can prepare them to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are led to believe that their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58155/grades-have-huge-impact-but-are-they-effective\">academic success\u003c/a> determines their future success, so when they’re told they’re deficient in skills like reading, it “can be really damaging to their sense of self-worth” and threaten their sense of belonging, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/27014/anxious-about-tests-tips-to-ease-angst\">Geoffrey Cohen\u003c/a>, a social psychologist Stanford University professor. He is also author of the book, “\u003ca href=\"https://digitaleducation.stanford.edu/book-series/2023/Geoffrey-Cohen-belonging-science-creating-connection-bridging-divides\">Belonging: The Science of Creating Connection and Bridging Divides\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benison knows students can feel this way, so she gives them persistent positive feedback and fosters a safe learning environment to slowly build trust with students who may have come into their first lessons reluctant and lacking confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benison likes to use affirming phrases like “you’re capable of doing hard things,” “hard things are worth doing” or, “I know it’s hard, but you’re not doing it alone.” These reassurances need to be repeated a lot when she begins working with students in order to remove anxiety or de-escalate any stress that might come up during lessons. And of course, she’s there to provide the learning support to ensure the student can achieve their goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cohen, these types of positive messages, when conveyed credibly, “can really undo a lot of the damage of these past experiences that these kids come in with.” When re-building trust with students is successful, expectations of those students can also be adjusted to reflect that they are capable of academic success and achievement, said Cohen. This process can help to open students’ “minds to a new way of looking at their academic experience,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Fostering belonging during adolescence \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Feeling a sense of belonging is important at any age, but in adolescence, those feelings can be heightened. Sometimes, feedback from a student’s larger culture or community can trigger feelings of inadequacy when belonging isn’t there, according to Andrew Fuligni, the co-executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://developingadolescent.semel.ucla.edu/\">Center for the Developing Adolescent at UCLA. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adolescents are building an identity, which involves discovering things that you are good at, said Fuligni. When students are told that they have fallen behind in a particular skill, it can damage their sense of belonging; the feelings are heightened because adolescents are particularly prone to internalizing the messages they hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many students \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/36603/new-research-students-benefit-from-learning-that-intelligence-is-not-fixed\">mistakenly believe that academic ability is fixed\u003c/a> rather than a developed skill, said Fuligni. Creating a \u003ca href=\"https://video.kqed.org/video/brief-but-spectacular-1715723919/\">growth culture\u003c/a> in the classroom, especially “cooperative learning situations where kids of varying abilities are working together towards a higher standard,” can help to foster a sense of belonging for students who are behind, Cohen added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally, remediation just sends a message that you need help and that message can be pretty threatening,” said Cohen. It’s often assumed that “poor performance reflects poor ability but that’s not the case. It’s often a lack of preparation,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The role of teachers and adults\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59687/middle-schoolers-are-social-what-opportunity-does-that-create-for-learning\">Adolescence is a critical developmental period\u003c/a>, during which students “are trying to figure out the trustworthiness of institutions, and people like teachers,” said Cohen. For members of marginalized groups, “the extra question is ‘how will they treat people like me?’,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adolescents are particularly attuned to figuring out where they fit in and care deeply about social status, and that’s not going to change for that age group. That means adults bear the responsibility of controlling how they respond, and they can help students who are behind have a positive outcome through small acts and comments of affirmation, according to Fuligni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Affirming the contributions, the ideas and the values of all of our students really can go a long way,” said Fuligni. When a student’s contributions and skills are affirmed in these small ways, it cultivates a sense of trust and lets them see that they are “valued members of the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Seeing progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to Benison, who teaches students up to sixth grade, sharing a student’s reading progress with them can be a helpful way to boost their confidence, and reinforce the trust between student and teacher. Setting very clear goals and allowing students to consistently see their own success helps students to continually build upon their knowledge and skill set, said Benison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I teach in a way that they know they’re growing,” she continued. Benison doesn’t share the initial intake information with her students because she doesn’t want students to define themselves by the original data. But she periodically shares students’ progress with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her students make mistakes, Benison takes note and makes necessary adjustments to include that skill in every lesson until that learning is reinforced. According to Benison, allowing students to correct their own work, without the pressure of a grade, helps students to recognize their own growth. In May of each year, Benison takes time to look back to the start of the year with each student to show them how much they’ve learned and grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that when I teach them how to read, and I encourage them to do difficult things, I’m not just letting them get through the day, but I’m preparing them for their future,” said Benison.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Kristin Bride lost her 16-year-old son, Carson, to suicide in 2020. She says shortly before he took his own life he was bullied on the social media site Snapchat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carson received over 100 harassing and sexually explicit texts from his high school classmates through an anonymous messaging app on Snapchat,” Bride says. “The last search on his phone before he ended his life was for hacks to find out who was doing this to him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after her son’s death, Bride joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.parentssos.org/\">Parents for Safe Online Spaces\u003c/a>, an organization of families who lost their children after they were exposed to toxic online content. Some died by suicide after cyberbullying or sextortion; others after participating in viral challenges involving self-harm or taking drugs sold by online dealers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bride is also part of an ongoing effort on Capitol Hill to craft legislation that would hold social media sites and other tech companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60788/3-reasons-why-seattle-schools-are-suing-big-tech-over-a-youth-mental-health-crisis\">accountable\u003c/a> for keeping minors safe online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/3360x5040+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2F1d%2Fb09b7a2c413babd07b647e2a62e2%2Fkosa-kids-online-safety-act-2529.jpg\" alt=\"Kristin Bride lost her 16-year-old son, Carson, to suicide in 2020. She says shortly before he took his own life he was bullied on the social media site Snapchat. 'Carson received over 100 harassing and sexually explicit texts from his high school classmates through an anonymous messaging app on Snapchat.\">\u003cfigcaption>Kristin Bride lost her 16-year-old son, Carson, to suicide in 2020. She says shortly before he took his own life he was bullied on the social media site Snapchat. “Carson received over 100 harassing and sexually explicit texts from his high school classmates through an anonymous messaging app on Snapchat. \u003ccite> (Erika Layne Salazar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, a group of bipartisan senators introduced the Kids Online Safety Act, a groundbreaking piece of legislation addressing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost\">growing concern from parents\u003c/a> about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61026/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains\">impact of online and social media platforms\u003c/a> on children and teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation passed the Senate with strong bipartisan support earlier this week, and the measure now heads to the Republican-led House.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>New law will require companies to limit harmful content\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The last time Congress passed a law to protect children on the internet was in 1998 — before Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first\">smartphones\u003c/a>. The legislation would require tech companies to implement measures to help protect kids from exposure to harmful content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, companies would be prohibited from using algorithms to push content that underage users did not specifically search for. This addresses a huge concern of parents and advocates: that kids are targeted with content that promotes harmful behavior, such as eating disorders, sexual exploitation and substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would also raise the maximum age of children covered under the law to 17; ban companies from collecting data from minors, including biometric indicators such as fingerprints, voiceprints and facial imagery; and improve parental controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh Golin is the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://fairplayforkids.org/\">Fairplay\u003c/a>, a nonprofit working to protect kids from marketing and dangerous online content from Big Tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the first time ever, social media and other online platforms will have a legal responsibility to consider how they are impacting children,” Golin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golin says it’s important for online platforms and members of Congress to recognize that regulating the use of social media for their kids has become overwhelming for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No parent is looking for “another full-time job,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to put the responsibility back on where it belongs, which is on these companies who are the ones controlling what these kids are seeing. We need to ensure that these kids are not being sent down such dangerous rabbit holes,” says Golin.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Advocates hope new law will help fight cyberbullying\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parent advocates of the bill say the new requirements will make it easier to protect their kids from becoming victims of cyberbullying. They say more parent-friendly user settings will make it easier to control what their kids are exposed to online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Bride says the anonymous messaging feature on Snapchat ultimately led to her son’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I absolutely believe that my son would be alive if this legislation was in place at the time,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cyberbullying is not directly called out in the legislation, its impacts — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61671/teens-say-social-media-is-stressing-them-out-heres-how-to-help-them\">anxiety, depression, suicidal and self-harming behaviors\u003c/a> — are addressed, says Vaishnavi J., founder of Vyanams Strategies, an organization that advises companies on how to create safer tech products for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cyberbullying is a really challenging issue to navigate because it’s so coded and it’s constantly evolving,” says J.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J. notes that cyberbullying disproportionately impacts girls and young women of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are typically under-represented from marginalized communities. They aren’t getting the range of societal support they deserve,” J. says. “That tends to extend to online as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J. also says \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63456/6-ways-educators-can-bolster-boys-social-skills\">boys are under-represented\u003c/a> in the research when it comes to cyberbullying, something that she says isn’t talked about enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boys “don’t tend to tell you that they’re being harassed or bullied. Instead, they choose to suffer in silence … and that’s a real problem,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 50 states have laws against bullying, and every state — except Wisconsin and Alaska — include specific references to cyberbullying. Currently, there are no federal laws that criminalize cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>More challenges lie ahead\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Along with the safety bill, the Senate also passed online privacy legislation that would prohibit online companies from collecting personal information from kids under the age of 17 without their consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the online safety bill has broad bipartisan support, some lawmakers argue that the legislation could violate free speech rights. Others are concerned that the new regulations could \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/07/30/nx-s1-5056195/its-taken-2-years-to-get-the-kids-online-safety-act-to-this-point\">prevent some kids from accessing information on LGBTQ+ issues\u003c/a> or reproductive rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media companies including Microsoft, X and Snapchat have voiced support for the measure, while TikTok and Meta have called it unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/3360x5040+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2f%2F47%2F210528074694b25d0cf6103e5e7c%2Fkosa-kids-online-safety-act-2525.jpg\" alt=\"Maurine Molak is among the families who worked with the Senate to get the bill passed. She lost her 16-year-old son, David, to suicide after months of relentless online threats and cyberbullying.\">\u003cfigcaption>Maurine Molak is among the families who worked with the Senate to get the bill passed. She lost her 16-year-old son, David, to suicide after months of relentless online threats and cyberbullying. \u003ccite> (Erika Layne Salazar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer says there’s still more work to be done to regulate online protections for kids, but the new online safety law would be a step in the right direction. The bill now heads to the Republican-led House where Speaker Mike Johnson has signaled support for the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maurine Molak is among the families who worked with the Senate to get the bill passed. She lost her 16-year-old son, David, to suicide after months of relentless online threats and cyberbullying. Molak is urging every House member to vote in favor of what she says is a game-changing bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s game-changing for young people. It’s game-changing for families,” she says. “I hear it over and over again that it’s like a game of Whac-A-Mole. As soon as parents figure out to keep their kids safe on one platform — three more pop up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kristin Bride lost her 16-year-old son, Carson, to suicide in 2020. She says shortly before he took his own life he was bullied on the social media site Snapchat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carson received over 100 harassing and sexually explicit texts from his high school classmates through an anonymous messaging app on Snapchat,” Bride says. “The last search on his phone before he ended his life was for hacks to find out who was doing this to him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after her son’s death, Bride joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.parentssos.org/\">Parents for Safe Online Spaces\u003c/a>, an organization of families who lost their children after they were exposed to toxic online content. Some died by suicide after cyberbullying or sextortion; others after participating in viral challenges involving self-harm or taking drugs sold by online dealers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bride is also part of an ongoing effort on Capitol Hill to craft legislation that would hold social media sites and other tech companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60788/3-reasons-why-seattle-schools-are-suing-big-tech-over-a-youth-mental-health-crisis\">accountable\u003c/a> for keeping minors safe online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/3360x5040+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2F1d%2Fb09b7a2c413babd07b647e2a62e2%2Fkosa-kids-online-safety-act-2529.jpg\" alt=\"Kristin Bride lost her 16-year-old son, Carson, to suicide in 2020. She says shortly before he took his own life he was bullied on the social media site Snapchat. 'Carson received over 100 harassing and sexually explicit texts from his high school classmates through an anonymous messaging app on Snapchat.\">\u003cfigcaption>Kristin Bride lost her 16-year-old son, Carson, to suicide in 2020. She says shortly before he took his own life he was bullied on the social media site Snapchat. “Carson received over 100 harassing and sexually explicit texts from his high school classmates through an anonymous messaging app on Snapchat. \u003ccite> (Erika Layne Salazar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, a group of bipartisan senators introduced the Kids Online Safety Act, a groundbreaking piece of legislation addressing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost\">growing concern from parents\u003c/a> about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61026/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains\">impact of online and social media platforms\u003c/a> on children and teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation passed the Senate with strong bipartisan support earlier this week, and the measure now heads to the Republican-led House.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>New law will require companies to limit harmful content\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The last time Congress passed a law to protect children on the internet was in 1998 — before Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first\">smartphones\u003c/a>. The legislation would require tech companies to implement measures to help protect kids from exposure to harmful content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, companies would be prohibited from using algorithms to push content that underage users did not specifically search for. This addresses a huge concern of parents and advocates: that kids are targeted with content that promotes harmful behavior, such as eating disorders, sexual exploitation and substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would also raise the maximum age of children covered under the law to 17; ban companies from collecting data from minors, including biometric indicators such as fingerprints, voiceprints and facial imagery; and improve parental controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh Golin is the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://fairplayforkids.org/\">Fairplay\u003c/a>, a nonprofit working to protect kids from marketing and dangerous online content from Big Tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the first time ever, social media and other online platforms will have a legal responsibility to consider how they are impacting children,” Golin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golin says it’s important for online platforms and members of Congress to recognize that regulating the use of social media for their kids has become overwhelming for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No parent is looking for “another full-time job,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to put the responsibility back on where it belongs, which is on these companies who are the ones controlling what these kids are seeing. We need to ensure that these kids are not being sent down such dangerous rabbit holes,” says Golin.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Advocates hope new law will help fight cyberbullying\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parent advocates of the bill say the new requirements will make it easier to protect their kids from becoming victims of cyberbullying. They say more parent-friendly user settings will make it easier to control what their kids are exposed to online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Bride says the anonymous messaging feature on Snapchat ultimately led to her son’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I absolutely believe that my son would be alive if this legislation was in place at the time,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cyberbullying is not directly called out in the legislation, its impacts — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61671/teens-say-social-media-is-stressing-them-out-heres-how-to-help-them\">anxiety, depression, suicidal and self-harming behaviors\u003c/a> — are addressed, says Vaishnavi J., founder of Vyanams Strategies, an organization that advises companies on how to create safer tech products for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cyberbullying is a really challenging issue to navigate because it’s so coded and it’s constantly evolving,” says J.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J. notes that cyberbullying disproportionately impacts girls and young women of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are typically under-represented from marginalized communities. They aren’t getting the range of societal support they deserve,” J. says. “That tends to extend to online as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J. also says \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63456/6-ways-educators-can-bolster-boys-social-skills\">boys are under-represented\u003c/a> in the research when it comes to cyberbullying, something that she says isn’t talked about enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boys “don’t tend to tell you that they’re being harassed or bullied. Instead, they choose to suffer in silence … and that’s a real problem,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 50 states have laws against bullying, and every state — except Wisconsin and Alaska — include specific references to cyberbullying. Currently, there are no federal laws that criminalize cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>More challenges lie ahead\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Along with the safety bill, the Senate also passed online privacy legislation that would prohibit online companies from collecting personal information from kids under the age of 17 without their consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the online safety bill has broad bipartisan support, some lawmakers argue that the legislation could violate free speech rights. Others are concerned that the new regulations could \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/07/30/nx-s1-5056195/its-taken-2-years-to-get-the-kids-online-safety-act-to-this-point\">prevent some kids from accessing information on LGBTQ+ issues\u003c/a> or reproductive rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media companies including Microsoft, X and Snapchat have voiced support for the measure, while TikTok and Meta have called it unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/3360x5040+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2f%2F47%2F210528074694b25d0cf6103e5e7c%2Fkosa-kids-online-safety-act-2525.jpg\" alt=\"Maurine Molak is among the families who worked with the Senate to get the bill passed. She lost her 16-year-old son, David, to suicide after months of relentless online threats and cyberbullying.\">\u003cfigcaption>Maurine Molak is among the families who worked with the Senate to get the bill passed. She lost her 16-year-old son, David, to suicide after months of relentless online threats and cyberbullying. \u003ccite> (Erika Layne Salazar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer says there’s still more work to be done to regulate online protections for kids, but the new online safety law would be a step in the right direction. The bill now heads to the Republican-led House where Speaker Mike Johnson has signaled support for the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maurine Molak is among the families who worked with the Senate to get the bill passed. She lost her 16-year-old son, David, to suicide after months of relentless online threats and cyberbullying. Molak is urging every House member to vote in favor of what she says is a game-changing bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s game-changing for young people. It’s game-changing for families,” she says. “I hear it over and over again that it’s like a game of Whac-A-Mole. As soon as parents figure out to keep their kids safe on one platform — three more pop up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s me. Hi. I’m the problem. It’s me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the parent of a tween and a young teenager, I couldn’t help but think of these Taylor Swift lyrics when reading the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-024-03243-y\">findings of a new study\u003c/a> that looks at the links between parenting strategies and screen use among young adolescents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at data from more than 10,000 12- and 13-year-olds and their parents, who were asked about their screen-use habits, including texting, social media, video chatting, watching videos and browsing the internet. The researchers also asked whether their screen use was problematic — for example, whether kids wanted to quit using screens but felt they couldn’t or whether their screen habits interfered with school work or daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key finding that jumped out at me: One of the biggest predictors of how much time kids spend on screens — and whether that use is problematic — is how much parents themselves use their screens when they are around their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>It’s really important to role-model screen behaviors for your children,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/jason.nagata\">Jason Nagata\u003c/a>, a pediatrician at the University of California, San Francisco and the lead author of the study, which appears in the journal \u003cem>Pediatric Research\u003c/em>. “Even if teens say that they don’t get influenced by their parents, the data does show that, actually, parents are a bigger influence than they may think.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s very common for parents like myself to feel guilty about their own screen use, says \u003ca href=\"https://midas.umich.edu/faculty-member/jenny-radesky/\">Jenny Radesky\u003c/a>, a developmental behavioral pediatrician and media researcher at the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead of beating ourselves up about it, she says, it’s important for parents to realize that just like kids, we too are vulnerable to the draws of technology that is deliberately designed to keep us scrolling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been asked to parent around an increasingly complex digital ecosystem that’s actively working against our limit-setting” — for ourselves and our kids, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if parents are fighting against bigger forces designed to keep us glued to screens, that doesn’t mean we are completely helpless. Nagata’s research looked at parenting strategies that worked best to curb screen use specifically among early adolescents because, he notes, this is a time when kids are seeking more independence and “because we tend to see kids spending a lot more time on media once they hit their teenage years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what does work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the study’s findings seem fairly obvious: Keeping meal times and bedtime screen-free are strategies strongly linked to kids spending less time on screens and exhibiting less problematic screen use. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.sleephealthjournal.org/article/S2352-7218(23)00034-7/fulltext\">Nagata’s prior research\u003c/a> has found that keeping screens out of the bedroom is a good strategy, because having a device in the bedroom was linked to trouble falling and staying asleep in preteens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for that finding that parental screen use also really matters, Radesky says it echoes what she often hears from teens in her work as co-medical director of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/media-and-children/center-of-excellence-on-social-media-and-youth-mental-health/\">Center of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve heard a lot from teenagers that when their parents are using their phones, they’re really stuck on their own social media accounts — they just look unavailable,” Radesky says. “They don’t look like they’re ready and available for a teen to come up and talk and be a sounding board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the addictive design of technology, Radesky says the message shouldn’t be to blame the parents. The message should be to talk with your kids about why you feel so pulled in by screens. Ask, “Why do I spend so much time on this app? Is it time that I feel is really meaningful and adding to my day? Or is it time that I’d love to replace with other things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she favors this collaborative approach to setting boundaries around screen use for young tweens and teens, rather than using screens as a reward or punishment to control behavior. In fact, the new study shows that, at least with this age group, using screens as a reward or punishment can actually backfire — it was linked to kids spending more time on their devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Radesky says it’s better to set consistent family guidelines around screen use, so kids know when they can and can’t use them without obsessing about “earning” screen time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it comes to tweens and teens, coming up with these rules together can be a good way to get kids to buy into boundaries — and to help both them and their parents break bad screen habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Jane Greenhalgh.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+we+do+%28and+don%27t%29+know+about+teacher+shortages%2C+and+what+can+be+done+about+them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s me. Hi. I’m the problem. It’s me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the parent of a tween and a young teenager, I couldn’t help but think of these Taylor Swift lyrics when reading the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-024-03243-y\">findings of a new study\u003c/a> that looks at the links between parenting strategies and screen use among young adolescents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at data from more than 10,000 12- and 13-year-olds and their parents, who were asked about their screen-use habits, including texting, social media, video chatting, watching videos and browsing the internet. The researchers also asked whether their screen use was problematic — for example, whether kids wanted to quit using screens but felt they couldn’t or whether their screen habits interfered with school work or daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key finding that jumped out at me: One of the biggest predictors of how much time kids spend on screens — and whether that use is problematic — is how much parents themselves use their screens when they are around their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>It’s really important to role-model screen behaviors for your children,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/jason.nagata\">Jason Nagata\u003c/a>, a pediatrician at the University of California, San Francisco and the lead author of the study, which appears in the journal \u003cem>Pediatric Research\u003c/em>. “Even if teens say that they don’t get influenced by their parents, the data does show that, actually, parents are a bigger influence than they may think.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s very common for parents like myself to feel guilty about their own screen use, says \u003ca href=\"https://midas.umich.edu/faculty-member/jenny-radesky/\">Jenny Radesky\u003c/a>, a developmental behavioral pediatrician and media researcher at the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead of beating ourselves up about it, she says, it’s important for parents to realize that just like kids, we too are vulnerable to the draws of technology that is deliberately designed to keep us scrolling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been asked to parent around an increasingly complex digital ecosystem that’s actively working against our limit-setting” — for ourselves and our kids, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if parents are fighting against bigger forces designed to keep us glued to screens, that doesn’t mean we are completely helpless. Nagata’s research looked at parenting strategies that worked best to curb screen use specifically among early adolescents because, he notes, this is a time when kids are seeking more independence and “because we tend to see kids spending a lot more time on media once they hit their teenage years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what does work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the study’s findings seem fairly obvious: Keeping meal times and bedtime screen-free are strategies strongly linked to kids spending less time on screens and exhibiting less problematic screen use. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.sleephealthjournal.org/article/S2352-7218(23)00034-7/fulltext\">Nagata’s prior research\u003c/a> has found that keeping screens out of the bedroom is a good strategy, because having a device in the bedroom was linked to trouble falling and staying asleep in preteens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for that finding that parental screen use also really matters, Radesky says it echoes what she often hears from teens in her work as co-medical director of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/media-and-children/center-of-excellence-on-social-media-and-youth-mental-health/\">Center of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve heard a lot from teenagers that when their parents are using their phones, they’re really stuck on their own social media accounts — they just look unavailable,” Radesky says. “They don’t look like they’re ready and available for a teen to come up and talk and be a sounding board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the addictive design of technology, Radesky says the message shouldn’t be to blame the parents. The message should be to talk with your kids about why you feel so pulled in by screens. Ask, “Why do I spend so much time on this app? Is it time that I feel is really meaningful and adding to my day? Or is it time that I’d love to replace with other things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she favors this collaborative approach to setting boundaries around screen use for young tweens and teens, rather than using screens as a reward or punishment to control behavior. In fact, the new study shows that, at least with this age group, using screens as a reward or punishment can actually backfire — it was linked to kids spending more time on their devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Radesky says it’s better to set consistent family guidelines around screen use, so kids know when they can and can’t use them without obsessing about “earning” screen time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it comes to tweens and teens, coming up with these rules together can be a good way to get kids to buy into boundaries — and to help both them and their parents break bad screen habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Jane Greenhalgh.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+we+do+%28and+don%27t%29+know+about+teacher+shortages%2C+and+what+can+be+done+about+them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Path-to-Purpose/William-Damon/9781416537243\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Having a purpose\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> comes with benefits, according to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/heathermalin\">Heather Malin\u003c/a>, a consultant and former director of research at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://coa.stanford.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stanford Center on Adolescence\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When students identify a greater purpose in what they learn at school, their academic performance, persistence and social belonging rise, Malin said during a talk at the recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/conference-514/teaching-engaged-brains/\">Learning and The Brain: Teaching Engaged Brains\u003c/a> conference. The most purposeful people have many intentions, she said. “They seem to get boundless energy from having a lot of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52620/four-pillars-of-a-meaningful-life-that-could-be-part-of-every-learning-community\">meaningful intentions\u003c/a> for their lives.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So how can schools tap into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57946/striving-or-thriving-steps-to-help-kids-find-balance-and-purpose\">power of purpose\u003c/a>? Malin pointed to her purpose learning framework, a four-part set of recommendations for educators, distilled from her work at Stanford, as well as the work of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://openfutureinstitute.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Open Future Institute’s QUESTion Project\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and other research rooted in purpose learning. According to Malin, purpose learning helps students explore and connect with their deeper whys. This approach provides “space at school for students to discover who they are, what they want in life, and how they want to be in the world,” she said. In some of her research that is not yet published, alumni of purpose learning programs have reported improved relationships with teachers and peers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malin identified three dimensions of purpose that teachers can help students explore:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Generalized and meaningful intention\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – This involves the student’s understanding of who they want to be in the world and informs how they set goals.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Beyond-the-self motivation\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – Engaging students in issues outside their own lived experiences and helping them find ways to contribute empowers them with the skills and mindset to live a purposeful life.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Goal-directed action\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – Because \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57424/the-two-types-of-independence-growing-tweens-need-to-practice\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">future planning is challenging for teens\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, they need support in learning to set and work toward goals.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teen brains are neurologically wired to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61026/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains\">seek excitement and new stimuli\u003c/a>. “If we can align school learning activity to that exploratory process, we have a powerful way to motivate teens,” Malin said. Focusing on purpose can do that. “It engages that novelty seeking, risk taking, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62189/school-shapes-teens-identities-and-relationships-what-role-do-teachers-play\">identity forming\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63456/6-ways-educators-can-bolster-boys-social-skills\">social engagement\u003c/a> that are so rewarding for adolescent brains.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Step 1: Self-exploration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first step in the purpose learning framework is inviting students to self-discovery with questions such as:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are there any societal or cultural influences that have shaped your values?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How well do you think your family of origins values align with your personal values?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Self-exploration discussions allow students to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62649/mental-health-tools-for-tweens-by-phyllis-fagell\">foster deeper connections with their peers\u003c/a> and teachers that can allow for deeper learning. “[The students] didn’t realize they had so many shared experiences, challenges, hopes and worries,” she said regarding \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60120/helicopter-teaching-how-using-student-feedback-can-help-with-that\">student feedback\u003c/a> she and her team received during research.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Step 2: Look outward\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prompting students to look outward, the second step of the framework, can help them to define their own sense of purpose. “Self-awareness is important, but it’s meaningless if we have no idea how to connect our inner self to the world beyond ourselves,” said Malin. This process often includes exercises in social awareness and social responsibility, such as interviewing a member of the community. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Step 3: Future planning\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The third step of the purpose learning framework is engaging students in forward thinking and future planning. “The mechanics of looking forward, looking to the future with a goal setting and planning approach can be much more challenging for adolescents,” so it’s important that teachers scaffold these forward looking steps for students, said Malin.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Step 4: Action\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When it comes to taking action, the fourth step of Malin’s framework, educators can encourage students to do meaningful work outside the classroom and in their community. Adolescents often feel discouraged from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61388/why-nashville-student-activists-arent-going-to-wait-a-generation-for-gun-control\">real-world change making\u003c/a> because of their youth, Malin said. “Teens need \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62163/are-dress-codes-fair-how-one-middle-school-transformed-its-rules-for-what-students-wear\">real opportunities\u003c/a> to do things in the world,” and “they need opportunities to reflect on how their actions impact others,” she said. According to Malin, action and well-being are associated with more engaged students, but, “our school system is largely set up to inhibit this kind of real world learning.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malin advocates for a less traditional approach to learning that is more aligned to adolescent brains. “If we want to really motivate students in school, we need to be giving them opportunities to have an impact beyond the classroom.” According to Malin, one way to do this is by giving educators opportunities to collaborate and connect. “We’ve found that when teachers have the opportunity to talk about what they’ve experienced, they actually can inspire each other to come up with solutions.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malin recommended starting a purpose learning approach as early as possible so that students are familiar with the framework by high school. Teachers at the high school level should start “with the understanding that it’s really vulnerable to do this, that students aren’t sure what they’re doing … so you can ease them into it,” Malin said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malin emphasized that she sees educators as the experts when incorporating the purpose learning framework into their curriculum. She said some teachers have used advisory periods or elective classes to incorporate the purpose learning framework into an otherwise full curriculum. Others have included the ideas in wide-ranging courses, like health or communications. Another public middle school with a large student population reworked their schedule to include a 15 minute block every day after lunch dedicated to the purpose learning framework. Malin is currently building out a network for educators to exchange resources, information and teaching strategies rooted in purpose learning.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Path-to-Purpose/William-Damon/9781416537243\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Having a purpose\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> comes with benefits, according to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/heathermalin\">Heather Malin\u003c/a>, a consultant and former director of research at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://coa.stanford.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stanford Center on Adolescence\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When students identify a greater purpose in what they learn at school, their academic performance, persistence and social belonging rise, Malin said during a talk at the recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/conference-514/teaching-engaged-brains/\">Learning and The Brain: Teaching Engaged Brains\u003c/a> conference. The most purposeful people have many intentions, she said. “They seem to get boundless energy from having a lot of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52620/four-pillars-of-a-meaningful-life-that-could-be-part-of-every-learning-community\">meaningful intentions\u003c/a> for their lives.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So how can schools tap into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57946/striving-or-thriving-steps-to-help-kids-find-balance-and-purpose\">power of purpose\u003c/a>? Malin pointed to her purpose learning framework, a four-part set of recommendations for educators, distilled from her work at Stanford, as well as the work of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://openfutureinstitute.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Open Future Institute’s QUESTion Project\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and other research rooted in purpose learning. According to Malin, purpose learning helps students explore and connect with their deeper whys. This approach provides “space at school for students to discover who they are, what they want in life, and how they want to be in the world,” she said. In some of her research that is not yet published, alumni of purpose learning programs have reported improved relationships with teachers and peers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malin identified three dimensions of purpose that teachers can help students explore:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Generalized and meaningful intention\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – This involves the student’s understanding of who they want to be in the world and informs how they set goals.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Beyond-the-self motivation\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – Engaging students in issues outside their own lived experiences and helping them find ways to contribute empowers them with the skills and mindset to live a purposeful life.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Goal-directed action\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – Because \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57424/the-two-types-of-independence-growing-tweens-need-to-practice\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">future planning is challenging for teens\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, they need support in learning to set and work toward goals.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teen brains are neurologically wired to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61026/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains\">seek excitement and new stimuli\u003c/a>. “If we can align school learning activity to that exploratory process, we have a powerful way to motivate teens,” Malin said. Focusing on purpose can do that. “It engages that novelty seeking, risk taking, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62189/school-shapes-teens-identities-and-relationships-what-role-do-teachers-play\">identity forming\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63456/6-ways-educators-can-bolster-boys-social-skills\">social engagement\u003c/a> that are so rewarding for adolescent brains.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Step 1: Self-exploration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first step in the purpose learning framework is inviting students to self-discovery with questions such as:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are there any societal or cultural influences that have shaped your values?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How well do you think your family of origins values align with your personal values?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Self-exploration discussions allow students to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62649/mental-health-tools-for-tweens-by-phyllis-fagell\">foster deeper connections with their peers\u003c/a> and teachers that can allow for deeper learning. “[The students] didn’t realize they had so many shared experiences, challenges, hopes and worries,” she said regarding \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60120/helicopter-teaching-how-using-student-feedback-can-help-with-that\">student feedback\u003c/a> she and her team received during research.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Step 2: Look outward\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prompting students to look outward, the second step of the framework, can help them to define their own sense of purpose. “Self-awareness is important, but it’s meaningless if we have no idea how to connect our inner self to the world beyond ourselves,” said Malin. This process often includes exercises in social awareness and social responsibility, such as interviewing a member of the community. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Step 3: Future planning\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The third step of the purpose learning framework is engaging students in forward thinking and future planning. “The mechanics of looking forward, looking to the future with a goal setting and planning approach can be much more challenging for adolescents,” so it’s important that teachers scaffold these forward looking steps for students, said Malin.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Step 4: Action\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When it comes to taking action, the fourth step of Malin’s framework, educators can encourage students to do meaningful work outside the classroom and in their community. Adolescents often feel discouraged from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61388/why-nashville-student-activists-arent-going-to-wait-a-generation-for-gun-control\">real-world change making\u003c/a> because of their youth, Malin said. “Teens need \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62163/are-dress-codes-fair-how-one-middle-school-transformed-its-rules-for-what-students-wear\">real opportunities\u003c/a> to do things in the world,” and “they need opportunities to reflect on how their actions impact others,” she said. According to Malin, action and well-being are associated with more engaged students, but, “our school system is largely set up to inhibit this kind of real world learning.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malin advocates for a less traditional approach to learning that is more aligned to adolescent brains. “If we want to really motivate students in school, we need to be giving them opportunities to have an impact beyond the classroom.” According to Malin, one way to do this is by giving educators opportunities to collaborate and connect. “We’ve found that when teachers have the opportunity to talk about what they’ve experienced, they actually can inspire each other to come up with solutions.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malin recommended starting a purpose learning approach as early as possible so that students are familiar with the framework by high school. Teachers at the high school level should start “with the understanding that it’s really vulnerable to do this, that students aren’t sure what they’re doing … so you can ease them into it,” Malin said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malin emphasized that she sees educators as the experts when incorporating the purpose learning framework into their curriculum. She said some teachers have used advisory periods or elective classes to incorporate the purpose learning framework into an otherwise full curriculum. Others have included the ideas in wide-ranging courses, like health or communications. Another public middle school with a large student population reworked their schedule to include a 15 minute block every day after lunch dedicated to the purpose learning framework. Malin is currently building out a network for educators to exchange resources, information and teaching strategies rooted in purpose learning.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>How many times per day do you check your phone? According to Gloria Mark, psychologist and author of \u003ca href=\"https://gloriamark.com/attention-span/\">\u003cem>Attention Span\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, people swipe from screen to screen about 566 times per day, and about half of those switches are self-motivated, meaning they weren’t prompted by a notification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital technologies have been innovated quicker than humans are capable of processing, and our new tools and social media are designed to keep us tapping and swiping. This has become an issue that impedes attention span because “the mind has a limited pool of cognitive resources,” said Mark, who is a professor of informatics at the University of California, Irvine. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360131519301642#:~:text=Students%20used%20their%20phones%20for,min%20for%20over%20a%20minute.&text=Predictors%20of%20in%2Dclass%20usage,class%20size%2C%20and%20lecture%20organization.\">In a 2019 study\u003c/a> of 84 college students in Korea, Mark’s colleagues found that the students spent 28% of class duration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first\">distracted on smartphones\u003c/a>. These tech distractions were also associated with lower grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mark, most of the time that we spend interacting with digital technology like smartphones is done unconsciously. But our brains like our bodies experience fatigue, and when we are overloaded with an impossible amount of tech distractions, executive function is negatively affected. When executive function is maxed out “it affects our ability to filter out distractions and stay on path,” Mark said during her recent keynote talk at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/\">Learning and The Brain: Teaching Engaged Brains\u003c/a> conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her research, Mark has identified three myths of attention span and tech use. Understanding these myths can help teachers and parents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">guide young people\u003c/a> in maintaining – and regaining – focus throughout the school day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The myth of endless focus\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to Mark, the first myth is assuming that when computers are used “we should strive to be focused as long as possible.” That’s not realistic, she said. When we try to focus on rigorous tasks for long periods on screens without taking breaks to restore our cognitive resources, “our minds can also get injured, and it’s called burnout,” she said. Focus is a limited resource and can fluctuate depending on how engaged or challenged a student feels. So, when teachers strike a balance between harder and simpler tasks in the classroom, it gives students a chance to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">regain cognitive and executive function\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The myth of multitasking\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Myth number two of attention span is multitasking. As humans, “we cannot parallel process unless one of those activities is automatic,” said Mark. Not only does multitasking impair accuracy with individual tasks, “the nail in the coffin is that multitasking creates more stress,” she continued. So when students are switching from task to task and from screen to screen, not only is their executive function declining, but their stress levels are rising. In their research, Mark and her colleagues have found “a correlation with the amount of attention shifting and [participants’] reports of perceived stress,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The myth of self-discipline\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The third myth of attention span and tech is that lack of focus is due to low self-discipline. Social media algorithms appeal to our desire to gravitate towards rewards-based social systems, said Mark. For young people, social media can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost\">play a big role in social connection\u003c/a>. Receiving affirmation from others is important to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62189/school-shapes-teens-identities-and-relationships-what-role-do-teachers-play\">teens’ identity development\u003c/a>, and social media is highly scalable, so teens also gain social capital from likes and online interactions. Because social media and smartphone use is so time consuming and ingrained in identity building, “there’s this competition of interest between what the teacher is talking about and what your friend is saying on the phone,” Mark said. “And it’s probably way more interesting to pay attention to what your friend is saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mark sees the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63470/indiana-lawmakers-ban-cellphones-in-class-now-its-up-to-schools-to-figure-out-how\">banning of smartphones\u003c/a> from the classroom as a social equalizer for students in K-12 education. Students should be encouraged to “always put a person, a human being before a smartphone,” said Mark. She said that setting this social standard can appeal to adolescents’ natural desire to be part of a group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding what might seem like infinite ways to keep students engaged and happy throughout the day can be daunting. But Mark recommended simple teaching strategies like playing short games, incorporating funny and engaging static cartoons throughout a lesson, class-wide meditation and allowing for small group participation. These teaching strategies pair well with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122271/#:~:text=The%20broaden%2Dand%2Dbuild%20theory%20posits%20that%20experiences%20of%20positive,to%20social%20and%20psychological%20resources.\">broaden and build theory\u003c/a>, which hypothesizes that “the capacity to experience positive emotions may be a fundamental human strength.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mark, teachers can help students hone in on their attention by practicing forethought and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63441/10-hacks-to-boost-teens-executive-function-skills-and-manage-screen-time\">imagining a future self\u003c/a>. Because this is a skill that teens have to build from scratch, “for a young person, it could be their future self at the end of the day,” said Mark. Having a sense of concrete future visualization will \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50947/how-reverse-planning-for-goals-can-help-students-succeed-in-school\">help students stay goal-oriented\u003c/a>, even if the goals seem small. Eventually, goals can be set farther in the future, like planning for the weekend, or even for the next academic semester, she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an interview, Mark stressed the importance of the integration of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63390/ai-images-and-conspiracy-theories-are-driving-a-push-for-media-literacy-education\">media literacy\u003c/a> into the curriculum. It is important for young people to learn about the importance of mono-tasking, and dangers of media overuse, said Mark. But it is also imperative that students understand the dangers of misinformation, disinformation and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>How many times per day do you check your phone? According to Gloria Mark, psychologist and author of \u003ca href=\"https://gloriamark.com/attention-span/\">\u003cem>Attention Span\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, people swipe from screen to screen about 566 times per day, and about half of those switches are self-motivated, meaning they weren’t prompted by a notification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital technologies have been innovated quicker than humans are capable of processing, and our new tools and social media are designed to keep us tapping and swiping. This has become an issue that impedes attention span because “the mind has a limited pool of cognitive resources,” said Mark, who is a professor of informatics at the University of California, Irvine. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360131519301642#:~:text=Students%20used%20their%20phones%20for,min%20for%20over%20a%20minute.&text=Predictors%20of%20in%2Dclass%20usage,class%20size%2C%20and%20lecture%20organization.\">In a 2019 study\u003c/a> of 84 college students in Korea, Mark’s colleagues found that the students spent 28% of class duration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first\">distracted on smartphones\u003c/a>. These tech distractions were also associated with lower grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mark, most of the time that we spend interacting with digital technology like smartphones is done unconsciously. But our brains like our bodies experience fatigue, and when we are overloaded with an impossible amount of tech distractions, executive function is negatively affected. When executive function is maxed out “it affects our ability to filter out distractions and stay on path,” Mark said during her recent keynote talk at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/\">Learning and The Brain: Teaching Engaged Brains\u003c/a> conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her research, Mark has identified three myths of attention span and tech use. Understanding these myths can help teachers and parents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">guide young people\u003c/a> in maintaining – and regaining – focus throughout the school day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The myth of endless focus\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to Mark, the first myth is assuming that when computers are used “we should strive to be focused as long as possible.” That’s not realistic, she said. When we try to focus on rigorous tasks for long periods on screens without taking breaks to restore our cognitive resources, “our minds can also get injured, and it’s called burnout,” she said. Focus is a limited resource and can fluctuate depending on how engaged or challenged a student feels. So, when teachers strike a balance between harder and simpler tasks in the classroom, it gives students a chance to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">regain cognitive and executive function\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The myth of multitasking\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Myth number two of attention span is multitasking. As humans, “we cannot parallel process unless one of those activities is automatic,” said Mark. Not only does multitasking impair accuracy with individual tasks, “the nail in the coffin is that multitasking creates more stress,” she continued. So when students are switching from task to task and from screen to screen, not only is their executive function declining, but their stress levels are rising. In their research, Mark and her colleagues have found “a correlation with the amount of attention shifting and [participants’] reports of perceived stress,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The myth of self-discipline\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The third myth of attention span and tech is that lack of focus is due to low self-discipline. Social media algorithms appeal to our desire to gravitate towards rewards-based social systems, said Mark. For young people, social media can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost\">play a big role in social connection\u003c/a>. Receiving affirmation from others is important to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62189/school-shapes-teens-identities-and-relationships-what-role-do-teachers-play\">teens’ identity development\u003c/a>, and social media is highly scalable, so teens also gain social capital from likes and online interactions. Because social media and smartphone use is so time consuming and ingrained in identity building, “there’s this competition of interest between what the teacher is talking about and what your friend is saying on the phone,” Mark said. “And it’s probably way more interesting to pay attention to what your friend is saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mark sees the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63470/indiana-lawmakers-ban-cellphones-in-class-now-its-up-to-schools-to-figure-out-how\">banning of smartphones\u003c/a> from the classroom as a social equalizer for students in K-12 education. Students should be encouraged to “always put a person, a human being before a smartphone,” said Mark. She said that setting this social standard can appeal to adolescents’ natural desire to be part of a group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding what might seem like infinite ways to keep students engaged and happy throughout the day can be daunting. But Mark recommended simple teaching strategies like playing short games, incorporating funny and engaging static cartoons throughout a lesson, class-wide meditation and allowing for small group participation. These teaching strategies pair well with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122271/#:~:text=The%20broaden%2Dand%2Dbuild%20theory%20posits%20that%20experiences%20of%20positive,to%20social%20and%20psychological%20resources.\">broaden and build theory\u003c/a>, which hypothesizes that “the capacity to experience positive emotions may be a fundamental human strength.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mark, teachers can help students hone in on their attention by practicing forethought and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63441/10-hacks-to-boost-teens-executive-function-skills-and-manage-screen-time\">imagining a future self\u003c/a>. Because this is a skill that teens have to build from scratch, “for a young person, it could be their future self at the end of the day,” said Mark. Having a sense of concrete future visualization will \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50947/how-reverse-planning-for-goals-can-help-students-succeed-in-school\">help students stay goal-oriented\u003c/a>, even if the goals seem small. Eventually, goals can be set farther in the future, like planning for the weekend, or even for the next academic semester, she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an interview, Mark stressed the importance of the integration of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63390/ai-images-and-conspiracy-theories-are-driving-a-push-for-media-literacy-education\">media literacy\u003c/a> into the curriculum. It is important for young people to learn about the importance of mono-tasking, and dangers of media overuse, said Mark. But it is also imperative that students understand the dangers of misinformation, disinformation and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Indiana Lawmakers Ban Cellphones in Class. Now It's Up to Schools to Figure Out How",
"headTitle": "Indiana Lawmakers Ban Cellphones in Class. Now It’s Up to Schools to Figure Out How | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>School officials in Indiana are looking forward to class without the buzz of cellphones next school year. A \u003ca href=\"https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2024/bills/senate/185/details\">new law\u003c/a> with heavy bipartisan support requires school districts to adopt policies banning students from having wireless devices during class time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law applies to cellphones, tablets, laptops or gaming devices. It allows exemptions for educational purposes with a teacher’s permission, in emergencies or to manage health care. Students can also use technology if they have a disability or as part of an individualized education program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida passed a similar law last year and Kentucky, Vermont, Tennessee and Kansas are considering it. Supporters say the laws reduce \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577101803/a-schools-way-to-fight-phones-in-class-lock-em-up\">distractions in the classroom\u003c/a>, cut down on bullying through social media and encourage more in-person interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many schools in the state — and elsewhere — already had these bans on their own. Now others will have to adopt them, though the law doesn’t spell out how to enforce them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bloomfield, a professor of education leadership, law and policy at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York Graduate Center, said the law means more work for schools and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cellphones have to be removed from their persons, and they have to be stored somewhere away from that individual,” he said. “That’s going to take time. It’s going to take expense, and it’s going to take enforcement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomfield said some schools use technology-blocking software, but that raises questions about how students can use their phones in emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the law’s lack of specific enforcement measures could lead to racial disparities in how the policies — or penalties — are applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy for states to require districts to have policies, but they’re really offloading the job to school districts, and then obviously to schools to enforce those policies,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indiana Rep. Julie McGuire, a Republican and one of the sponsors of the bill in the legislature, said some teachers now don’t have the power to confiscate phones even when they create a distraction. She said the new law will reduce problematic behavior around social media and teach students to replace screen time with more face-to-face communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we cannot control the amount of time students spend on social media outside school hours, we can provide reprieve during the seven hours per day that should be focused on learning,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Matt Pierce opposed the bill, questioning the need for mandating what he said should be obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the policy perspective, it makes sense,” he said. “The other part of me is like, really? We need a bill so a school corporation can have a common-sense policy telling its kids not to use these devices? I was going to vote against this bill just because I don’t think it’s needed, but now I’ve got somebody telling me that you’ve got a school somewhere that’s telling some teacher they can’t just take the darn phone away. I don’t get it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was signed by Indiana’s Republican Gov. Eric Holcomb in early March. and the law takes effect July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some districts, like Indianapolis Public Schools, will not be largely affected by the new law because they already have similar policies in place. Other districts vary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Westfield Washington School District, communications director Joshua Andrews said high school students there can only have their phones at lunch and between classes. However, middle school students cannot use their phones at all during the school day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you change something that big, it kind of makes people recoil a little bit. But, there’s been little to no problems with it since we’ve rolled it out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts are still in the process of developing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Terhune, superintendent at Greenwood Community School Corp., said students at his schools generally aren’t supposed to have their phones out during class unless they have a teacher’s permission. However, the rules vary by grade level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my goals is to try to meet with some of our neighboring school districts and see kind of where everybody lands on that,” he said. “Within our county, Johnson County, I would like to try to be consistent with other districts. But again, everybody’s going to have their own opinion on those things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kirsten Adair covers education for Indiana Public Broadcasting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 IPB News. To see more, visit \u003ca>IPB News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Indiana+lawmakers+ban+cellphones+in+class.+Now+it%27s+up+to+schools+to+figure+out+how&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>School officials in Indiana are looking forward to class without the buzz of cellphones next school year. A \u003ca href=\"https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2024/bills/senate/185/details\">new law\u003c/a> with heavy bipartisan support requires school districts to adopt policies banning students from having wireless devices during class time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law applies to cellphones, tablets, laptops or gaming devices. It allows exemptions for educational purposes with a teacher’s permission, in emergencies or to manage health care. Students can also use technology if they have a disability or as part of an individualized education program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida passed a similar law last year and Kentucky, Vermont, Tennessee and Kansas are considering it. Supporters say the laws reduce \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577101803/a-schools-way-to-fight-phones-in-class-lock-em-up\">distractions in the classroom\u003c/a>, cut down on bullying through social media and encourage more in-person interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many schools in the state — and elsewhere — already had these bans on their own. Now others will have to adopt them, though the law doesn’t spell out how to enforce them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bloomfield, a professor of education leadership, law and policy at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York Graduate Center, said the law means more work for schools and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cellphones have to be removed from their persons, and they have to be stored somewhere away from that individual,” he said. “That’s going to take time. It’s going to take expense, and it’s going to take enforcement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomfield said some schools use technology-blocking software, but that raises questions about how students can use their phones in emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the law’s lack of specific enforcement measures could lead to racial disparities in how the policies — or penalties — are applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy for states to require districts to have policies, but they’re really offloading the job to school districts, and then obviously to schools to enforce those policies,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indiana Rep. Julie McGuire, a Republican and one of the sponsors of the bill in the legislature, said some teachers now don’t have the power to confiscate phones even when they create a distraction. She said the new law will reduce problematic behavior around social media and teach students to replace screen time with more face-to-face communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we cannot control the amount of time students spend on social media outside school hours, we can provide reprieve during the seven hours per day that should be focused on learning,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Matt Pierce opposed the bill, questioning the need for mandating what he said should be obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the policy perspective, it makes sense,” he said. “The other part of me is like, really? We need a bill so a school corporation can have a common-sense policy telling its kids not to use these devices? I was going to vote against this bill just because I don’t think it’s needed, but now I’ve got somebody telling me that you’ve got a school somewhere that’s telling some teacher they can’t just take the darn phone away. I don’t get it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was signed by Indiana’s Republican Gov. Eric Holcomb in early March. and the law takes effect July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some districts, like Indianapolis Public Schools, will not be largely affected by the new law because they already have similar policies in place. Other districts vary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Westfield Washington School District, communications director Joshua Andrews said high school students there can only have their phones at lunch and between classes. However, middle school students cannot use their phones at all during the school day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you change something that big, it kind of makes people recoil a little bit. But, there’s been little to no problems with it since we’ve rolled it out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts are still in the process of developing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Terhune, superintendent at Greenwood Community School Corp., said students at his schools generally aren’t supposed to have their phones out during class unless they have a teacher’s permission. However, the rules vary by grade level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my goals is to try to meet with some of our neighboring school districts and see kind of where everybody lands on that,” he said. “Within our county, Johnson County, I would like to try to be consistent with other districts. But again, everybody’s going to have their own opinion on those things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kirsten Adair covers education for Indiana Public Broadcasting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 IPB News. To see more, visit \u003ca>IPB News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Indiana+lawmakers+ban+cellphones+in+class.+Now+it%27s+up+to+schools+to+figure+out+how&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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