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Taken by Paul Needham in 2014, the photo was shared extensively on social media during the 2016 election. The fact-checking site \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/trump-tower-billboard-in-mumbai/\" target=\"_blank\"> Snopes\u003c/a> initially claimed that the image was fabricated, but later recanted after receiving additional evidence proving its authenticity.\n\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\"The juxtaposition of wealth and poverty, hubris and humility is so shocking,\" wrote Needham. \"Perhaps that is why so many people couldn't bring themselves to believe that the photo is real.\" ","description":null,"title":"IMG_20140827_132206","credit":"Paul Needham","status":"inherit","fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"lowdown_25744":{"type":"attachments","id":"lowdown_25744","meta":{"index":"attachments_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"25744","found":true},"parent":25716,"imgSizes":{"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-520x227.png","width":520,"mimeType":"image/png","height":227},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-160x70.png","width":160,"mimeType":"image/png","height":70},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-960x420.png","width":960,"mimeType":"image/png","height":420},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-672x372.png","width":672,"mimeType":"image/png","height":372},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-375x164.png","width":375,"mimeType":"image/png","height":164},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced.png","width":1000,"height":437},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-50x50.png","width":50,"mimeType":"image/png","height":50},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-96x96.png","width":96,"mimeType":"image/png","height":96},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-800x350.png","width":800,"mimeType":"image/png","height":350},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-64x64.png","width":64,"mimeType":"image/png","height":64},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-32x32.png","width":32,"mimeType":"image/png","height":32},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-150x150.png","width":150,"mimeType":"image/png","height":150},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-768x336.png","width":768,"mimeType":"image/png","height":336},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-128x128.png","width":128,"mimeType":"image/png","height":128},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/faceoff_reduced-240x105.png","width":240,"mimeType":"image/png","height":105}},"publishDate":1487105782,"modified":1487181407,"caption":null,"description":null,"title":"faceoff_reduced","credit":"Matt Dunning","status":"inherit","fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"matthewgreen":{"type":"authors","id":"1263","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"1263","found":true},"name":"Matthew Green","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Green","slug":"matthewgreen","email":"mgreen@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Matthew Green is a digital media producer for KQED News. 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Trump addressed a joint session of Congress last February, the upcoming speech is officially his debut State of the Union address, an opportunity to highlight accomplishments from his first year and communicate his agenda for the year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Constitution requires that the president “shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the early 20th century though, most presidents \u003ca href=\"http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-01-29/news/bs-md-backstory-woodrow-wilson-20110128_1_joint-session-union-address-union-message\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">simply wrote their addresses\u003c/a> and sent copies to members of Congress. In 1913, Woodrow Wilson revived the practice of delivering the address to a joint session of Congress, something that hadn't occurred since 1800, when John Adams faced both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love him or hate him, most everyone can agree that Trump's presidency thus far, like his election campaign, has been a strikingly atypical and unorthodox affair. The billionaire real estate developer and reality TV star entered office with no government experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/SOTU-Lesson-Plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Union Lesson Plan\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vq6PRpCEsNdEm4MIVg8uflHaX1Kxc0P2/preview\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n[\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/SOTU-2018-Bingo.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Download the PDF\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>By most accounts, Trump had a pretty bumpy, often chaotic first year in the White House, one marred by controversies, divisiveness and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/19/poll-trump-approval-rating-2018-349306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historically low approval ratings\u003c/a>. As evidence of the tumult, \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2018/01/16/state-of-the-union-boycott/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five Democratic House members\u003c/a> have already announced plans, weeks in advance, to boycott Trump's State of the Union address. A number of Democratic women in the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/01/11/rep-jackie-speier-hope-women-and-men-wear-black-state-union/1025225001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to attend\u003c/a> but say they will wear black in a stand against sexual harassment, an idea inspired by actresses who dressed in black at the recent Golden Globe Awards. Trump has been accused by multiple women of inappropriate sexual conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first year, Trump also faced a handful of legislative and legal setbacks, and was consistently tormented by the wide-reaching investigation into his presidential campaign's potential collusion with Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in his short time in office, Trump has undoubtedly had a tremendous impact, helping to steer the country in a dramatically different direction from that of his predecessor. From rolling back many of Barack Obama's environmental regulations to exiting multinational agreements and pushing through a massive tax cut, Trump will have have no shortage of achievements to recount to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"military\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30025\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30025\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon deployed in 2015 from Aviano Air Base, Italy in support off counter-ISIS operations. \u003ccite>(Deana Heitzman/U.S. Defense Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Military campaigns\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump is likely to boast of the Islamic State's decline in Iraq and Syria, whose government last month \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/364090-iraq-says-war-against-isis-is-over\">announced\u003c/a> that its long and bloody war against the terrorist group had finally ended. As a candidate, Trump promised to destroy the Islamic State, and as president has pursued an aggressive air strike campaign targeting the group's strongholds, a strategy he attributes to their diminished strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of December, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/946201376652169220/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F366654-trump-touts-reports-on-isis-ms-13-in-tweets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he tweeted\u003c/a>: \"On 1/20 - the day Trump was inaugurated - an estimated 35,000 ISIS fighters held approx 17,500 square miles of territory in both Iraq and Syria. As of 12/21, the U.S. military est the remaining 1,000 or so fighters occupy roughly 1,900 square miles..”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Islamic State continues to wreak havoc, especially in the Middle East, where deadly bombings and unrest are still common occurrences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president may also reference his administration's aggressive bombing campaign against the Taliban in Afghanistan, an effort to aid the country's military forces and end the longest running war in U.S. history. The offensive is a reversal of the Obama administration's strategy of curtailing U.S. military involvement in the long-troubled region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30020\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30020\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small fence separating Tijuana, Mexico, right, from San Diego. \u003ccite>(Gordon Hyde/U.S. Army)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Immigration\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump will likely make another case for his much disputed travel ban, which blocks people from eight mostly Muslim nations from entering the U.S., a course of action the administration insists is necessary for preventing terrorists from entering the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After repeated setbacks in federal courts, the administration declared a tentative victory in December, when the\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court allowed\u003c/a> the third version of the travel ban to go into effect while legal challenges continue against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also likely touch on the need for comprehensive immigration reform, even as the latest efforts have already started to sputter. He is expected to reiterate his demand for new border security measures, including the construction of a new wall and increased immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also likely mention the need to accommodate some of the estimated 700,000 undocumented immigrants who came here as children and were given temporary legal status under Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. Although the administration announced its plans to end the DACA program by March, Trump says he wants Congress to figure out a permanent solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"nuclear\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30024\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A North Korean ballistic missile on display during a 2013 military parade. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/rapidtravelchai/9465934852/\" target=\"_blank\">Stefan Krasowski/flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Nuclear threats\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is on edge over nuclear tensions with North Korea, an issue that Trump is sure to touch on in his address. Through tweets and other statements, Trump has repeatedly sparred with North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un, threatening and even taunting him after each successive North Korean missile test. Trump insists this tough talk strategy, a major departure from Obama's \"strategic patience\" approach, has proven effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On New Year's Day, Kim announced that he was \u003ca href=\"http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/04/asia/north-korea-south-korea-talks-intl/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prepared to\u003c/a> \"melt the frozen\" relations with South Korea, a strong U.S. ally, and wanted to discuss North Korean participation in the upcoming Winter Olympics in South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was quick to take credit for Kim's about-face, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/948879774277128197\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeting\u003c/a> that this wouldn't have happened had he not been \"firm, strong and willing to commit our total 'might' against the North.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump may also mention his ongoing intent to withdraw from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/28/trump-kill-iran-nuclear-deal-260860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran nuclear deal\u003c/a> established under the Obama administration, which he has long railed against. The agreement places strict limits on the country's nuclear development program in exchange for a lifting of U.S. and European sanctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"economy\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30023\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Economy\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump is sure to highlight the record-high stock market and low unemployment rate, pointing to them as positive indicators of his administration's pro-business economic strategy (even though most economists agree that these are economic trends that actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/04/business/economy/the-economy-under-president-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started during the Obama administration\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also use the occasion to celebrate the recent passage of major tax reform, his one legislative victory to date, which permanently slashes tax rates for corporations and some of the wealthiest Americans, while offering modest temporary cuts for most lower and middle-class taxpayers. Trump and his Republican colleagues in Congress insist that the $1.5 trillion tax cut will put more money in people's pockets and encourage U.S. corporations to expand and create more jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump may also mention his administration's NAFTA renegotiations with Canada and Mexico. He has long lambasted the massive free trade agreement as a terrible deal for American workers. Although as a candidate, he consistently attacked the agreement and indicated a willingness to withdraw from it altogether, he has more recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/world/2018/1/16/16882662/trump-withdraw-nafta-canada-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suggested\u003c/a> that there may be some possibility of compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"infrastructure\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30021\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30021\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brooklyn Bridge \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://unsplash.com/photos/GzV_dXR3MgM\" target=\"_blank\">Hannes Ri on Unsplash\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Infrastructure\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump consistently drew attention to the crumbling state of U.S. infrastructure, often equating the roads and airports to those of developing nations. As part of his platform, he promised a $1 trillion infrastructure bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just before Christmas, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/18/politics/trump-tweet-seattle-train/index.html\">Trump expressed confidence\u003c/a> that his plans to upgrade the nation's roads, airports and bridges would receive strong bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union address, Trump is still likely to call for a large infrastructure spending bill, but the scope of it will fall far short of what he originally proposed. His administration is expected to unveil a plan later this month to spend at least $200 billion on infrastructure projects over the next decade, with the hopes of encouraging an additional $800 billion in state and local funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skeptics of the plan \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/17/carper-trump-infrastructure-money-289342\">say it's not nearly enough money\u003c/a>to adequately address the nation's infrastructure needs, and they argue that the chances of Congress committing to even that lesser amount is pretty unlikely, given the $1.5 trillion tax cuts and growing deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"regulations\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30022\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30022\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mojave Generating Station coal plant in Nevada. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Cutting regulations\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In his first month in office, Trump signed an executive order requiring agencies to slash \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two regulations for every new regulation\u003c/a> put into place. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/14/us/politics/trump-federal-regulations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">December press event\u003c/a>, he claimed to have far exceeded this goal: \"We aimed for 2-for-1 and in 2017, we hit 22-for-1,\" he said.“We have decades of excess regulation to remove,” he added. “To help launch the next phase of growth, prosperity and freedom, I am challenging my cabinet to find and remove every single outdated, unlawful and excessive regulation currently on the books.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Trump administration has jumped at the opportunity to kill off as many federal regulations as possible, attacking them as harmful to economic growth and a blatant abuse of government power. And while it's doubtful that Trump has overseen the largest regulatory rollback in U.S. history, as he claims, his ongoing efforts to purge the rule books have already had far-reaching impacts, effectively reversing many of the policies introduced by his predecessor. Since taking office, Trump has rolled back a slew of regulations related to environmental protections (particularly related to coal mining), health care, financial services and other industries, many of which were implemented under Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his speech, Trump will likely tout these rollbacks as a necessary step towards bringing back U.S. manufacturing and mining jobs.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"29520 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=29520","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/01/30/trump-state-of-the-union/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1719,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vq6PRpCEsNdEm4MIVg8uflHaX1Kxc0P2/preview"],"paragraphCount":34},"modified":1524777932,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"UPDATE: Watch Trump's address and read the annotated transcript, with commentary from NPR reporters. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjmG4rSbJqI Marking his first year in office, President Trump is scheduled to deliver his premiere State of the Union address to Congress on Jan. 30. Although Trump addressed a joint session of Congress last February, the upcoming speech is officially his","title":"Six Issues Trump Will Likely Address in His First State of the Union | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Six Issues Trump Will Likely Address in His First State of the Union","datePublished":"2018-01-30T08:00:16-08:00","dateModified":"2018-04-26T14:25:32-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trump-state-of-the-union","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/29520/trump-state-of-the-union","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>UPDATE: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/30/580378279/trumps-state-of-the-union-address-annotated\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Watch Trump's address and read the annotated transcript, with commentary from NPR reporters.\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xjmG4rSbJqI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xjmG4rSbJqI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Marking his first year in office, President Trump is scheduled to deliver his premiere State of the Union address to Congress on Jan. 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump addressed a joint session of Congress last February, the upcoming speech is officially his debut State of the Union address, an opportunity to highlight accomplishments from his first year and communicate his agenda for the year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Constitution requires that the president “shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the early 20th century though, most presidents \u003ca href=\"http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-01-29/news/bs-md-backstory-woodrow-wilson-20110128_1_joint-session-union-address-union-message\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">simply wrote their addresses\u003c/a> and sent copies to members of Congress. In 1913, Woodrow Wilson revived the practice of delivering the address to a joint session of Congress, something that hadn't occurred since 1800, when John Adams faced both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love him or hate him, most everyone can agree that Trump's presidency thus far, like his election campaign, has been a strikingly atypical and unorthodox affair. The billionaire real estate developer and reality TV star entered office with no government experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/SOTU-Lesson-Plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Union Lesson Plan\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vq6PRpCEsNdEm4MIVg8uflHaX1Kxc0P2/preview\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n[\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/SOTU-2018-Bingo.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Download the PDF\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>By most accounts, Trump had a pretty bumpy, often chaotic first year in the White House, one marred by controversies, divisiveness and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/19/poll-trump-approval-rating-2018-349306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historically low approval ratings\u003c/a>. As evidence of the tumult, \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2018/01/16/state-of-the-union-boycott/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five Democratic House members\u003c/a> have already announced plans, weeks in advance, to boycott Trump's State of the Union address. A number of Democratic women in the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/01/11/rep-jackie-speier-hope-women-and-men-wear-black-state-union/1025225001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to attend\u003c/a> but say they will wear black in a stand against sexual harassment, an idea inspired by actresses who dressed in black at the recent Golden Globe Awards. Trump has been accused by multiple women of inappropriate sexual conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first year, Trump also faced a handful of legislative and legal setbacks, and was consistently tormented by the wide-reaching investigation into his presidential campaign's potential collusion with Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in his short time in office, Trump has undoubtedly had a tremendous impact, helping to steer the country in a dramatically different direction from that of his predecessor. From rolling back many of Barack Obama's environmental regulations to exiting multinational agreements and pushing through a massive tax cut, Trump will have have no shortage of achievements to recount to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"military\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30025\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30025\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/airforce-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon deployed in 2015 from Aviano Air Base, Italy in support off counter-ISIS operations. \u003ccite>(Deana Heitzman/U.S. Defense Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Military campaigns\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump is likely to boast of the Islamic State's decline in Iraq and Syria, whose government last month \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/364090-iraq-says-war-against-isis-is-over\">announced\u003c/a> that its long and bloody war against the terrorist group had finally ended. As a candidate, Trump promised to destroy the Islamic State, and as president has pursued an aggressive air strike campaign targeting the group's strongholds, a strategy he attributes to their diminished strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of December, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/946201376652169220/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F366654-trump-touts-reports-on-isis-ms-13-in-tweets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he tweeted\u003c/a>: \"On 1/20 - the day Trump was inaugurated - an estimated 35,000 ISIS fighters held approx 17,500 square miles of territory in both Iraq and Syria. As of 12/21, the U.S. military est the remaining 1,000 or so fighters occupy roughly 1,900 square miles..”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Islamic State continues to wreak havoc, especially in the Middle East, where deadly bombings and unrest are still common occurrences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president may also reference his administration's aggressive bombing campaign against the Taliban in Afghanistan, an effort to aid the country's military forces and end the longest running war in U.S. history. The offensive is a reversal of the Obama administration's strategy of curtailing U.S. military involvement in the long-troubled region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30020\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30020\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Border_USA_Mexico-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small fence separating Tijuana, Mexico, right, from San Diego. \u003ccite>(Gordon Hyde/U.S. Army)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Immigration\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump will likely make another case for his much disputed travel ban, which blocks people from eight mostly Muslim nations from entering the U.S., a course of action the administration insists is necessary for preventing terrorists from entering the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After repeated setbacks in federal courts, the administration declared a tentative victory in December, when the\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court allowed\u003c/a> the third version of the travel ban to go into effect while legal challenges continue against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also likely touch on the need for comprehensive immigration reform, even as the latest efforts have already started to sputter. He is expected to reiterate his demand for new border security measures, including the construction of a new wall and increased immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also likely mention the need to accommodate some of the estimated 700,000 undocumented immigrants who came here as children and were given temporary legal status under Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. Although the administration announced its plans to end the DACA program by March, Trump says he wants Congress to figure out a permanent solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"nuclear\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30024\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/North_Koreas_ballistic_missile_-_North_Korea_Victory_Day-2013_01-1-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A North Korean ballistic missile on display during a 2013 military parade. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/rapidtravelchai/9465934852/\" target=\"_blank\">Stefan Krasowski/flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Nuclear threats\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is on edge over nuclear tensions with North Korea, an issue that Trump is sure to touch on in his address. Through tweets and other statements, Trump has repeatedly sparred with North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un, threatening and even taunting him after each successive North Korean missile test. Trump insists this tough talk strategy, a major departure from Obama's \"strategic patience\" approach, has proven effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On New Year's Day, Kim announced that he was \u003ca href=\"http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/04/asia/north-korea-south-korea-talks-intl/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prepared to\u003c/a> \"melt the frozen\" relations with South Korea, a strong U.S. ally, and wanted to discuss North Korean participation in the upcoming Winter Olympics in South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was quick to take credit for Kim's about-face, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/948879774277128197\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeting\u003c/a> that this wouldn't have happened had he not been \"firm, strong and willing to commit our total 'might' against the North.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump may also mention his ongoing intent to withdraw from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/28/trump-kill-iran-nuclear-deal-260860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran nuclear deal\u003c/a> established under the Obama administration, which he has long railed against. The agreement places strict limits on the country's nuclear development program in exchange for a lifting of U.S. and European sanctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"economy\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30023\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Money_Cash-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Economy\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Trump is sure to highlight the record-high stock market and low unemployment rate, pointing to them as positive indicators of his administration's pro-business economic strategy (even though most economists agree that these are economic trends that actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/04/business/economy/the-economy-under-president-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started during the Obama administration\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will also use the occasion to celebrate the recent passage of major tax reform, his one legislative victory to date, which permanently slashes tax rates for corporations and some of the wealthiest Americans, while offering modest temporary cuts for most lower and middle-class taxpayers. Trump and his Republican colleagues in Congress insist that the $1.5 trillion tax cut will put more money in people's pockets and encourage U.S. corporations to expand and create more jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump may also mention his administration's NAFTA renegotiations with Canada and Mexico. He has long lambasted the massive free trade agreement as a terrible deal for American workers. Although as a candidate, he consistently attacked the agreement and indicated a willingness to withdraw from it altogether, he has more recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/world/2018/1/16/16882662/trump-withdraw-nafta-canada-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suggested\u003c/a> that there may be some possibility of compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"infrastructure\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30021\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30021\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/bridge-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brooklyn Bridge \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://unsplash.com/photos/GzV_dXR3MgM\" target=\"_blank\">Hannes Ri on Unsplash\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Infrastructure\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump consistently drew attention to the crumbling state of U.S. infrastructure, often equating the roads and airports to those of developing nations. As part of his platform, he promised a $1 trillion infrastructure bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just before Christmas, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/18/politics/trump-tweet-seattle-train/index.html\">Trump expressed confidence\u003c/a> that his plans to upgrade the nation's roads, airports and bridges would receive strong bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union address, Trump is still likely to call for a large infrastructure spending bill, but the scope of it will fall far short of what he originally proposed. His administration is expected to unveil a plan later this month to spend at least $200 billion on infrastructure projects over the next decade, with the hopes of encouraging an additional $800 billion in state and local funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skeptics of the plan \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/17/carper-trump-infrastructure-money-289342\">say it's not nearly enough money\u003c/a>to adequately address the nation's infrastructure needs, and they argue that the chances of Congress committing to even that lesser amount is pretty unlikely, given the $1.5 trillion tax cuts and growing deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"regulations\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30022\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30022\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1.png 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-160x73.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-800x366.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-768x352.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-1020x467.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-1180x540.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-960x439.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-240x110.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-375x172.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/01/Mohave_Generating_Station_1-520x238.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mojave Generating Station coal plant in Nevada. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Cutting regulations\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In his first month in office, Trump signed an executive order requiring agencies to slash \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two regulations for every new regulation\u003c/a> put into place. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/14/us/politics/trump-federal-regulations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">December press event\u003c/a>, he claimed to have far exceeded this goal: \"We aimed for 2-for-1 and in 2017, we hit 22-for-1,\" he said.“We have decades of excess regulation to remove,” he added. “To help launch the next phase of growth, prosperity and freedom, I am challenging my cabinet to find and remove every single outdated, unlawful and excessive regulation currently on the books.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Trump administration has jumped at the opportunity to kill off as many federal regulations as possible, attacking them as harmful to economic growth and a blatant abuse of government power. And while it's doubtful that Trump has overseen the largest regulatory rollback in U.S. history, as he claims, his ongoing efforts to purge the rule books have already had far-reaching impacts, effectively reversing many of the policies introduced by his predecessor. Since taking office, Trump has rolled back a slew of regulations related to environmental protections (particularly related to coal mining), health care, financial services and other industries, many of which were implemented under Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his speech, Trump will likely tout these rollbacks as a necessary step towards bringing back U.S. manufacturing and mining jobs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/29520/trump-state-of-the-union","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2399","lowdown_1","lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_312"],"featImg":"lowdown_29667","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_27438":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_27438","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"27438","score":null,"sort":[1498264985000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1498264985,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"How We Got Here: Why Americans Can't Seem to Ever Agree on A Good Health Care Fix","title":"How We Got Here: Why Americans Can't Seem to Ever Agree on A Good Health Care Fix","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/qV0hFyXnq5k\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans on Thursday got one step closer in their epic quest to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, aka \"Obamacare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially drafted behind closed doors by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) and a small group of his Republican colleagues, the Senate bill is, despite earlier pledges, broadly similar to legislation narrowly passed by House Republicans in May. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/22/533942041/who-wins-who-loses-with-senate-health-care-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This NPR chart\u003c/a> has a good side-by-side comparison of the House and Senate bills and how they measure up against Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the House version, the Senate bill would gut many of Obamacare's key provisions, including the \"individual mandate,\" which now requires everyone to purchase insurance or pay a penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new bill would also repeal most of the taxes used to pay for the ACA. Additionally, it would eliminate federal funding for Planned Parenthood and slash funding for Medicaid, a sweeping program that subsidizes health care for \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/medicaremedicaid50/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nearly 70 million people\u003c/a>. And while the legislation proposes creating a new system of tax credits to help people buy insurance, the health overhaul would likely result in millions of lower-income Americans losing their coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote is expected next week, although \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/06/23/dean-heller-oppose-health-care-bill-239907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">five Republican senators\u003c/a> have already announced their opposition the bill in its current form, a move that would all but doom the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats, who universally oppose the legislation, were quick to express their disdain: \"This is a bill designed to strip away heath care benefits and protections from Americans who need it most, in order to give a tax break to the folks who need it least,\" said Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is just the latest chapter in the Republicans' tireless endeavor to destroy the ACA. Since it became law almost seven years ago, President Obama's signature health care reform has managed to survive countless attacks, two Supreme Court challenges and dozens of legislative assassination attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the 2016 election gave Republicans control of both the White House and Congress, the ACA finally seemed doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, President Trump repeatedly pledged to dismantle it promising an alternative plan that would offer \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-promises-health-insurance-for-everybody/\">insurance for everybody\u003c/a>” while dramatically cutting costs (although he stopped short of providing any firm details).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things got a good deal messier after that. Repealing the ACA without a reasonable replacement would cause millions of Americans to lose their health coverage, a prospect that sparked the ire of constituents in Republican districts across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, despite the Democrats' sweeping defeat in 2016, support for the ACA is oddly now at \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/interactive/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-the-publics-views-on-the-aca/#?response=Favorable--Unfavorable&aRange=all\">the highest level it's been in years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/09RvU9_m30Q\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>America, the outlier\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It’s safe to assume that just about everyone wants affordable health care. Why then is it so hard for Americans to come up with a decent health care fix that most of us can all at least marginally agree on?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the world's other wealthy countries seem to have navigated this issue a lot more smoothly and effectively. Just about every other high-income nation spends significantly less than the U.S. does, yet delivers a higher quality health care available to all their residents, mostly through single-payer government systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27458\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-27458\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-1020x408.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-1020x408.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-768x308.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-1180x473.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-520x208.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM.png 1271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peterson-Kaiser Health System Tracker: analysis of \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health-data-en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> data from OECD (2017)\u003c/a>, \"OECD Health Data: Health expenditure and financing: Health expenditure indicators\", OECD Health Statistics.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30818-8/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent study\u003c/a> published in The Lancet medical journal, researchers at the University of Washington created a global health care quality index by looking at 32 causes of death in 195 countries between 1990 to 2015. The U.S., the wealthiest, most powerful nation on earth, is ranked a dismal 80th, on par with Montenegro and Estonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among citizens of the industrialized world, Americans have long been uniquely wary of too much government involvement in most aspects of life, but particularly health care. It's a skepticism rooted in the nation's longstanding emphasis on individualism, self-sufficiency and free markets, and America's distinct national aversion to anything resembling socialism.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Truman's big push\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To begin to understand why the U.S. is such an outlier on the health care front, we need to go back to November 1945. That’s when President Harry Truman \u003ca href=\"https://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=483&st=&st1=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed \u003c/a>a new health insurance program that would cover all Americans. His plan would have made the government centrally involved in providing health care. The plan was actually a far more radical approach than the ACA, which largely just expands access to private insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26342 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg\" alt=\"Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px\" width=\"450\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg 450w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-160x119.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-240x179.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-375x280.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the late 1940s, President Harry S. Truman tried to pass a robust health care reform bill. Here, he's speaking to the 1949 Convention of the American Federation of Labor. (Courtesy of Free Speech Radio News Archive)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most Americans were initially receptive to Truman’s proposal; nearly 60 percent supported it, according to a Gallup Poll conducted after the president introduced it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate enthusiasm, though, worried the American Medical Association, which represented the business interests of doctors and was then one of the country's richest and most influential lobbies. A nationwide plan to make health care more affordable for patients, the AMA reasoned, would also make it less profitable for many private-practice physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\"Socialized medicine\"\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>And so the group quickly got to work on an ingenious ad campaign centered on two powerful words: \"socialized medicine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few years, as Congress worked to craft a universal health care bill, the AMA invested in what was then the largest ad campaign in U.S. history, explicitly aimed at convincing Americans to reject Truman's plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Would socialized medicine lead to socialization of other phases of American life?\" one pamphlet posited. \"Lenin thought so. He declared, 'Socialized medicine is the keystone to the arch of the socialist state.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The quote was completely made up, but took hold nonetheless.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the plan was introduced in Congress, Sen. Robert Taft, a conservative Republican from Ohio, interrupted his Democratic colleague, stating that the bill was \"the most socialistic measure this Congress has ever had before it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National health insurance, Taft suggested, came directly from the Soviet constitution. He announced that Republicans would boycott the hearings, and then promptly marched out of the Senate chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AMA continued to push the \"socialized medicine\" angle. In one editorial, the group warned that national health insurance would turn doctors into \"slaves.\" In one Tallahassee, hospital, doctors slipped political ads onto patients' breakfast trays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the 1950 midterm elections, the AMA spent more than $1 million on radio and TV ads -- far more than the government could spend to defend it. As one Truman ally ruefully noted, countering the AMA's ads was like \"trying to put out a forest fire with a sprinkling can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the election results rolled in, Democrats lost nearly 30 seats in the House and five in the Senate. Public support for the proposal had plummeted, dropping from 60 to 24 percent approval in just five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the prospect of national health insurance was dead, for the time being at least. Over the following decades, the AMA would go on to fight additional government health-related reform proposals. This included a campaign against Medicare – a battle it did not win, even with the star power of then-actor Ronald Reagan as its spokesman. Reagan took to the airwaves to scare people into opposing the program, warning that if it went forward, \"you and I are going to spend our sunset years telling our children and our children's children what it once was like in America when men were free.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Bejdhs3jGyw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1961 recording of Reagan was part of Operation Coffee Cup, an elaborate AMA effort to prevent the government from diverting any existing public funding towards paying for health insurance for the elderly and the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/03/50-years-ago-medicare-had-its-haters-too-and-we-never-did-awake-to-socialism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Related: Back in the Day Medicare Had Its Haters Too\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort, of course, ultimately failed. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed the bill that created the Medicare and Medicaid federal health insurance programs for Americans ages 65 and up (regardless of income) and low-income residents. To this day, Medicare — that harbinger of “socialism” and destroyer of freedom that Reagan warned about— remains one of the most popular federal programs, approved by an overwhelming majority of Democrats \u003cem>and\u003c/em> Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>A change of heart\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the AMA changed its tune and moved to support federal health reform -- thanks in part to some major \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/312377/who-gave-us-obamacare\">behind-the-scenes horse-trading\u003c/a>. Today, the AMA's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/content/understanding-affordable-care-act\">website\u003c/a> refers to Obamacare as \"a tremendous step forward on the path toward meaningful health system reform.\" The group has since implored Republicans not to repeal the ACA without offering an adequate replacement plan, and has opposed previous Republican alternative proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AMA, though, couldn't put the \"socialized medicine\" genie back in the bottle, and today the term retains the powerful pariah status in American political discourse that the lobbying group helped establish more than half a century ago in its battle against national health care reform.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"27438 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=27438","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/06/23/why-cant-americans-ever-agree-on-a-good-health-care-fix/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1529,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":36},"modified":1498504907,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"How We Got Here: Why Americans Can't Seem to Ever Agree on A Good Health Care Fix | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How We Got Here: Why Americans Can't Seem to Ever Agree on A Good Health Care Fix","datePublished":"2017-06-23T17:43:05-07:00","dateModified":"2017-06-26T12:21:47-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-cant-americans-ever-agree-on-a-good-health-care-fix","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/27438/why-cant-americans-ever-agree-on-a-good-health-care-fix","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qV0hFyXnq5k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qV0hFyXnq5k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Republicans on Thursday got one step closer in their epic quest to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, aka \"Obamacare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially drafted behind closed doors by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) and a small group of his Republican colleagues, the Senate bill is, despite earlier pledges, broadly similar to legislation narrowly passed by House Republicans in May. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/22/533942041/who-wins-who-loses-with-senate-health-care-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This NPR chart\u003c/a> has a good side-by-side comparison of the House and Senate bills and how they measure up against Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the House version, the Senate bill would gut many of Obamacare's key provisions, including the \"individual mandate,\" which now requires everyone to purchase insurance or pay a penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new bill would also repeal most of the taxes used to pay for the ACA. Additionally, it would eliminate federal funding for Planned Parenthood and slash funding for Medicaid, a sweeping program that subsidizes health care for \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/medicaremedicaid50/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nearly 70 million people\u003c/a>. And while the legislation proposes creating a new system of tax credits to help people buy insurance, the health overhaul would likely result in millions of lower-income Americans losing their coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote is expected next week, although \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/06/23/dean-heller-oppose-health-care-bill-239907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">five Republican senators\u003c/a> have already announced their opposition the bill in its current form, a move that would all but doom the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats, who universally oppose the legislation, were quick to express their disdain: \"This is a bill designed to strip away heath care benefits and protections from Americans who need it most, in order to give a tax break to the folks who need it least,\" said Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is just the latest chapter in the Republicans' tireless endeavor to destroy the ACA. Since it became law almost seven years ago, President Obama's signature health care reform has managed to survive countless attacks, two Supreme Court challenges and dozens of legislative assassination attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the 2016 election gave Republicans control of both the White House and Congress, the ACA finally seemed doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, President Trump repeatedly pledged to dismantle it promising an alternative plan that would offer \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-promises-health-insurance-for-everybody/\">insurance for everybody\u003c/a>” while dramatically cutting costs (although he stopped short of providing any firm details).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things got a good deal messier after that. Repealing the ACA without a reasonable replacement would cause millions of Americans to lose their health coverage, a prospect that sparked the ire of constituents in Republican districts across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, despite the Democrats' sweeping defeat in 2016, support for the ACA is oddly now at \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/interactive/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-the-publics-views-on-the-aca/#?response=Favorable--Unfavorable&aRange=all\">the highest level it's been in years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/09RvU9_m30Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/09RvU9_m30Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>America, the outlier\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It’s safe to assume that just about everyone wants affordable health care. Why then is it so hard for Americans to come up with a decent health care fix that most of us can all at least marginally agree on?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the world's other wealthy countries seem to have navigated this issue a lot more smoothly and effectively. Just about every other high-income nation spends significantly less than the U.S. does, yet delivers a higher quality health care available to all their residents, mostly through single-payer government systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27458\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-27458\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-1020x408.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-1020x408.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-768x308.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-1180x473.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM-520x208.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-23-at-3.33.59-PM.png 1271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peterson-Kaiser Health System Tracker: analysis of \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health-data-en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> data from OECD (2017)\u003c/a>, \"OECD Health Data: Health expenditure and financing: Health expenditure indicators\", OECD Health Statistics.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30818-8/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent study\u003c/a> published in The Lancet medical journal, researchers at the University of Washington created a global health care quality index by looking at 32 causes of death in 195 countries between 1990 to 2015. The U.S., the wealthiest, most powerful nation on earth, is ranked a dismal 80th, on par with Montenegro and Estonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among citizens of the industrialized world, Americans have long been uniquely wary of too much government involvement in most aspects of life, but particularly health care. It's a skepticism rooted in the nation's longstanding emphasis on individualism, self-sufficiency and free markets, and America's distinct national aversion to anything resembling socialism.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Truman's big push\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To begin to understand why the U.S. is such an outlier on the health care front, we need to go back to November 1945. That’s when President Harry Truman \u003ca href=\"https://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=483&st=&st1=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed \u003c/a>a new health insurance program that would cover all Americans. His plan would have made the government centrally involved in providing health care. The plan was actually a far more radical approach than the ACA, which largely just expands access to private insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26342 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg\" alt=\"Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px\" width=\"450\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg 450w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-160x119.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-240x179.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-375x280.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the late 1940s, President Harry S. Truman tried to pass a robust health care reform bill. Here, he's speaking to the 1949 Convention of the American Federation of Labor. (Courtesy of Free Speech Radio News Archive)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most Americans were initially receptive to Truman’s proposal; nearly 60 percent supported it, according to a Gallup Poll conducted after the president introduced it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate enthusiasm, though, worried the American Medical Association, which represented the business interests of doctors and was then one of the country's richest and most influential lobbies. A nationwide plan to make health care more affordable for patients, the AMA reasoned, would also make it less profitable for many private-practice physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\"Socialized medicine\"\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>And so the group quickly got to work on an ingenious ad campaign centered on two powerful words: \"socialized medicine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few years, as Congress worked to craft a universal health care bill, the AMA invested in what was then the largest ad campaign in U.S. history, explicitly aimed at convincing Americans to reject Truman's plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Would socialized medicine lead to socialization of other phases of American life?\" one pamphlet posited. \"Lenin thought so. He declared, 'Socialized medicine is the keystone to the arch of the socialist state.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The quote was completely made up, but took hold nonetheless.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the plan was introduced in Congress, Sen. Robert Taft, a conservative Republican from Ohio, interrupted his Democratic colleague, stating that the bill was \"the most socialistic measure this Congress has ever had before it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National health insurance, Taft suggested, came directly from the Soviet constitution. He announced that Republicans would boycott the hearings, and then promptly marched out of the Senate chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AMA continued to push the \"socialized medicine\" angle. In one editorial, the group warned that national health insurance would turn doctors into \"slaves.\" In one Tallahassee, hospital, doctors slipped political ads onto patients' breakfast trays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the 1950 midterm elections, the AMA spent more than $1 million on radio and TV ads -- far more than the government could spend to defend it. As one Truman ally ruefully noted, countering the AMA's ads was like \"trying to put out a forest fire with a sprinkling can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the election results rolled in, Democrats lost nearly 30 seats in the House and five in the Senate. Public support for the proposal had plummeted, dropping from 60 to 24 percent approval in just five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the prospect of national health insurance was dead, for the time being at least. Over the following decades, the AMA would go on to fight additional government health-related reform proposals. This included a campaign against Medicare – a battle it did not win, even with the star power of then-actor Ronald Reagan as its spokesman. Reagan took to the airwaves to scare people into opposing the program, warning that if it went forward, \"you and I are going to spend our sunset years telling our children and our children's children what it once was like in America when men were free.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Bejdhs3jGyw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Bejdhs3jGyw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The 1961 recording of Reagan was part of Operation Coffee Cup, an elaborate AMA effort to prevent the government from diverting any existing public funding towards paying for health insurance for the elderly and the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/03/50-years-ago-medicare-had-its-haters-too-and-we-never-did-awake-to-socialism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Related: Back in the Day Medicare Had Its Haters Too\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort, of course, ultimately failed. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed the bill that created the Medicare and Medicaid federal health insurance programs for Americans ages 65 and up (regardless of income) and low-income residents. To this day, Medicare — that harbinger of “socialism” and destroyer of freedom that Reagan warned about— remains one of the most popular federal programs, approved by an overwhelming majority of Democrats \u003cem>and\u003c/em> Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>A change of heart\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the AMA changed its tune and moved to support federal health reform -- thanks in part to some major \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/312377/who-gave-us-obamacare\">behind-the-scenes horse-trading\u003c/a>. Today, the AMA's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/content/understanding-affordable-care-act\">website\u003c/a> refers to Obamacare as \"a tremendous step forward on the path toward meaningful health system reform.\" The group has since implored Republicans not to repeal the ACA without offering an adequate replacement plan, and has opposed previous Republican alternative proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AMA, though, couldn't put the \"socialized medicine\" genie back in the bottle, and today the term retains the powerful pariah status in American political discourse that the lobbying group helped establish more than half a century ago in its battle against national health care reform.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/27438/why-cant-americans-ever-agree-on-a-good-health-care-fix","authors":["8628","1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2409","lowdown_1","lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_145","lowdown_2337","lowdown_144","lowdown_142"],"featImg":"lowdown_19242","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_26854":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26854","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"26854","score":null,"sort":[1496951462000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1496951462,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"The Comey-Trump Saga: How We Got Here","title":"The Comey-Trump Saga: How We Got Here","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->With news like this, who needs \"House of Cards\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If ever there was a Super Bowl of public affairs events, it happened on Thursday. That's when recently ousted FBI director James Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/08/531643678/comey-accuses-white-house-of-lies-plain-and-simple-about-his-firing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified\u003c/a> before the Senate Intelligence Committee. He pulled no punches, seizing the opportunity to air a formidable list of grievances against President Trump and his administration, and raising the possibility that the president's actions constituted obstruction of justice. Comey spoke as a private citizen just a month after Trump abruptly fired him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1cwdYpTCSz1WLQ0sTJ1nqEu2fxmyzgSu8dvW7xpMjp_s&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"1100\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">A quick glossary of juicy legal jargon\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Obstruction of justice\u003c/strong>: The act of interfering with a federal investigation by attempting to corruptly influence the process. A non-violent obstruction can result \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in a prison sentence \u003c/a>of up to 10 years. Bill Clinton and Richard Nixon were both accused of obstruction of justice, but never prosecuted (it's actually up for debate whether a sitting president can be criminally prosecuted at all).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Collusion\u003c/strong>: A secret agreement or act of cooperation between two or more parties, often for an illegal or deceitful purpose. There's no official legal definition and it's not a crime in and of itself, although it is often linked to criminal actions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Person of interest\u003c/strong>: A term used by law enforcement for someone potentially involved in a criminal investigation who, unlike a \"target,\" has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Back channel\u003c/strong>: A secret, unofficial and often unauthorized means of communication.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even before it officially began, Trump's short presidency has been clouded by an ongoing FBI investigation into Russian influence in the 2016 election, and possible collusion between Trump's campaign and Russian officials. The plot only thickened following revelations that Comey was fired just days after he had reportedly requested more resources to extend the Russia investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey was appointed by President Obama in 2013 to serve a 10-year term. His removal is only the second time a sitting president has ever fired an FBI chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey's firing immediately \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/08MwS3qEu6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drew comparisons\u003c/a> to a notorious incident in October 1973, when embattled President Richard Nixon ordered the firing of the special prosecutor investigating the Watergate scandal. In what became known as the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/11/the-saturday-night-massacre-your-commander-in-chief-has-given-you-an-order/?utm_term=.461af07d3ec2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday Night Massacre\u003c/a>,\" the event triggered a public and political outcry that accelerated Nixon's eventual resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26858\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-160x124.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-800x618.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-768x594.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1020x788.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1180x912.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-960x742.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-240x185.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-375x290.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-520x402.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Washington Post front page from Oct. 21, 1973, in what would become known as the \"Saturday Night Massacre.” \u003ccite>(washingtonpost.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","disqusIdentifier":"26854 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26854","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/06/08/from-clintons-emails-to-comeys-demise-a-timeline-of-how-we-got-here/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":410,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"paragraphCount":7},"modified":1497309217,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"The Comey-Trump Saga: How We Got Here | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Comey-Trump Saga: How We Got Here","datePublished":"2017-06-08T12:51:02-07:00","dateModified":"2017-06-12T16:13:37-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-clintons-emails-to-comeys-demise-a-timeline-of-how-we-got-here","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/26854/from-clintons-emails-to-comeys-demise-a-timeline-of-how-we-got-here","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->With news like this, who needs \"House of Cards\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If ever there was a Super Bowl of public affairs events, it happened on Thursday. That's when recently ousted FBI director James Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/08/531643678/comey-accuses-white-house-of-lies-plain-and-simple-about-his-firing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified\u003c/a> before the Senate Intelligence Committee. He pulled no punches, seizing the opportunity to air a formidable list of grievances against President Trump and his administration, and raising the possibility that the president's actions constituted obstruction of justice. Comey spoke as a private citizen just a month after Trump abruptly fired him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1cwdYpTCSz1WLQ0sTJ1nqEu2fxmyzgSu8dvW7xpMjp_s&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"1100\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">A quick glossary of juicy legal jargon\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Obstruction of justice\u003c/strong>: The act of interfering with a federal investigation by attempting to corruptly influence the process. A non-violent obstruction can result \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in a prison sentence \u003c/a>of up to 10 years. Bill Clinton and Richard Nixon were both accused of obstruction of justice, but never prosecuted (it's actually up for debate whether a sitting president can be criminally prosecuted at all).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Collusion\u003c/strong>: A secret agreement or act of cooperation between two or more parties, often for an illegal or deceitful purpose. There's no official legal definition and it's not a crime in and of itself, although it is often linked to criminal actions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Person of interest\u003c/strong>: A term used by law enforcement for someone potentially involved in a criminal investigation who, unlike a \"target,\" has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Back channel\u003c/strong>: A secret, unofficial and often unauthorized means of communication.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even before it officially began, Trump's short presidency has been clouded by an ongoing FBI investigation into Russian influence in the 2016 election, and possible collusion between Trump's campaign and Russian officials. The plot only thickened following revelations that Comey was fired just days after he had reportedly requested more resources to extend the Russia investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey was appointed by President Obama in 2013 to serve a 10-year term. His removal is only the second time a sitting president has ever fired an FBI chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey's firing immediately \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/08MwS3qEu6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drew comparisons\u003c/a> to a notorious incident in October 1973, when embattled President Richard Nixon ordered the firing of the special prosecutor investigating the Watergate scandal. In what became known as the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/11/the-saturday-night-massacre-your-commander-in-chief-has-given-you-an-order/?utm_term=.461af07d3ec2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday Night Massacre\u003c/a>,\" the event triggered a public and political outcry that accelerated Nixon's eventual resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26858\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-160x124.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-800x618.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-768x594.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1020x788.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1180x912.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-960x742.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-240x185.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-375x290.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-520x402.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Washington Post front page from Oct. 21, 1973, in what would become known as the \"Saturday Night Massacre.” \u003ccite>(washingtonpost.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26854/from-clintons-emails-to-comeys-demise-a-timeline-of-how-we-got-here","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_2604","lowdown_2337"],"featImg":"lowdown_27342","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_25945":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_25945","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"25945","score":null,"sort":[1495148444000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1495148444,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"GRAPHIC: Who's Who in the President's Cabinet? (with Lesson Plan)","title":"GRAPHIC: Who's Who in the President's Cabinet? (with Lesson Plan)","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Trump-cabinet-lesson-plan-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: The President's Cabinet (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With all the drama surrounding the White House right now, it's easy to lose track of what's going in the rest of the vast executive branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cabinet secretaries head up their own executive departments and serve as the president’s advisers on major policy issues. There are 16 official Cabinet positions (including vice president) and eight Cabinet-level positions, all of which require Senate confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New presidents must also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/?tid=graphics-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nominate about 1,200\u003c/a> other lower-level executive branch positions, including deputy and assistant secretaries, heads of agencies and ambassadors. All of them require Senate confirmation as well. As of mid-May, the Trump administration had still not even chosen nominees for a strikingly large number of these still-vacant positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president also appoints key advisers to the White House staff who don’t require Senate confirmation, including chief of staff, press secretary and major strategists (like Steve Bannon and Jared Kushner).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the executive branch, members of the president’s Cabinet don't make any laws. They do, however, oversee massive government departments with thousands of employees and multi-billion dollar budgets, thereby shaping how laws and regulations are implemented and enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a third of those serving in President Trump’s Cabinet do not have any government experience. And several of those who do -- including Energy Department nominee Rick Perry and Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt -- have openly expressed disdain for the departments they’re now preparing to lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's Cabinet is the whitest, most male-dominated group in decades. It's also the wealthiest Cabinet in history, with close ties to Wall Street and corporate America, including two billionaires and at least a dozen millionaires, with a \u003ca href=\"http://st%20a%20dozen%20millionaires,%20with%20a%20combined%20net%20worth%20of%20about%20%246.1%20billion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">combined net worth\u003c/a> of about $6.1 billion. Many faced tough questioning from Democrats about their complex financial and political connections. It wasn't until late April, more than three months after Trump's inauguration, that the Senate confirmed the last of nominees was confirmed, rounding out the Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Cabinet and Cabinet-Level Positions\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">(Note: this is the original list of confirmed appointees; recent changes are mentioned below)\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#Tillerson\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26006 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-160x223.png\" alt=\"Tillerson\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Zinke\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26095 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Zinke\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Shulkin\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26004 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-160x223.png\" alt=\"Shulkin\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Sessions\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26003 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-160x223.png\" alt=\"Sessions\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Ross\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26014 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-160x223.png\" alt=\"Ross_Updated\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Price\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25999 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-160x223.png\" alt=\"Price\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Chao\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25986 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-160x223.png\" alt=\"Chao\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Acosta\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26963\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-160x223.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"158\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-160x223.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-240x334.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3.jpg 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 158px) 100vw, 158px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Perry\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-26105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Perry\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Perdue\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26956 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#DeVos\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25988 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-160x223.png\" alt=\"DeVos\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Carson\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-26092\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Carson\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Mattis\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25992 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-160x223.png\" alt=\"Mattis\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Kelly\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25990 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-160x223.png\" alt=\"Kelly\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Pruitt\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26001 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#McMahon\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25993 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Pompeo\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25998 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Haley\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25989 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Lighthizer\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-27007\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-160x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-160x222.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-240x333.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Coats\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-27009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-160x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-160x222.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-240x333.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Tillerson\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png\" alt=\"Tillerson_Profile1\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary of state is the highest-ranking member in the Cabinet, and as the nation's top diplomat, is responsible for advising the president on foreign matters, and carrying out the administration’s foreign policy through the U.S. Department of State and the Foreign Service. This position oversees 30,000 employees in almost every country in the world, with a budget of roughly $35 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the face of U.S. foreign policy, the secretary of state often plays a key role negotiating international agreements on a wide range of issues, including the environment, security and nuclear weapons. As secretary of state under President Obama, John Kerry played a large role advancing international climate change policies -- including the 2015 Paris climate agreement -- as well as negotiating a major nuclear deal with Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate confirmation hearing, Tillerson was questioned about his ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin, and potential conflicts of interest he could face as the former CEO of the world’s largest oil and gas company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the first Cabinet members to be confirmed, Tillerson must now perform a tricky balancing act in maintaining strong relations among America’s allies while also representing a president whose support of isolationist policies has ruffled feathers around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Tillerson does side with Trump on many issues, he did express divergent views from his boss during his confirmation hearing, voicing support for NATO, action on climate change and continued economic sanctions against Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Mnuchin\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26030\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png\" alt=\"Mnuchin_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the principal economic adviser to the president, the Treasury secretary tracks money and financial matters of national interest. Among other duties, the secretary is a key adviser and spokesman on trade deals, the public debt and tax reform. He manages 10 special bureaus, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the U.S. Mint (the secretary’s signature is on all new printed money), and oversees more than 100,000 employees and a budget of roughly $13 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This position is often in the spotlight in times of financial crisis, as was the case during the economic recession in 2008-2009 and the decision to bail out the banks. Alexander Hamilton served as America’s first (and arguably most famous) Treasury secretary, responsible for consolidating the debt of the 13 colonies after the Revolutionary War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Tillerson, Mnuchin was also probed by the Senate on his business dealings and personal finances. Among other things, he was strongly criticized by Democrats for his failure to disclose nearly $100 million in assets, as well as profits he made on foreclosures during the 2008-2009 economic collapse. Democrats on the Senate Finance Committee twice boycotted a vote on his confirmation – but in a rare move, Republicans sent his nomination to the full Senate without their approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Mnuchin doesn’t have any prior experience in government, he will likely have a strong hand in the president’s plans to rewrite the tax code, roll back financial regulations and renegotiate international trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26028\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png\" alt=\"Mattis_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSecond only to the president in military authority, the Defense secretary exercises “command and control” over the U.S. Armed forces (Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force). The position oversees the Department of Defense, the largest U.S. government agency, with more than two million soldiers and civilians around the world and a budget of roughly $600 billion per year (the largest of any military force in the world) -- which Trump wants to increase by $54 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top adviser on decisions regarding U.S. military strategy and actions, this position is particularly important during times of war. Under President George W. Bush, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld led the planning and execution of the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan (immediately following the Sept.11 terror attacks) and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattis, a retired 4-star general, is one of only a small handful of Trump’s Cabinet nominees to receive broad bipartisan support. During his confirmation hearing in the Senate Armed Forces Committee, he advocated stepping up military attacks on ISIS in the Middle East, in line with Trump’s proposed policies. However, he broke with the president in declaring Russia a major threat to U.S. security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattis recently traveled to Brussels to advance Trump’s plan to reform NATO, an international military alliance. The administration is threatening to alter the U.S. relationship with the organization if other countries do not increase their spending budgets to 2 percent of total GDP, as promised. The U.S. currently spends more than twice as much as all other NATO countries combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Sessions\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png\" alt=\"Sessions_Profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s chief law enforcement officer and lawyer, the attorney general oversees the U.S. Department of Justice, which is comprised of 40 agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigations, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the Drug Enforcement Agency and immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general has oversight on a wide range of federal crimes, and as such can play a broad role in shaping national policy. During the Obama administration, the attorney general’s office (led by Eric Holder and Loretta Lynch) prioritized its focus on criminal justice reform by investigating multiple police departments, reducing the enforcement of certain drug laws and phasing out the federal use of private prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate hearing, Sessions faced intense opposition from Democrats, mostly because of his staunch conservatism and mixed record on civil rights. Most notably, as a U.S. attorney in Alabama in 1985, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/09/magazine/the-voter-fraud-case-jeff-sessions-lost-and-cant-escape.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he prosecuted\u003c/a> three African-American civil rights activists, accusing them of voter fraud. The following year he was nominated to be a federal district judge, but rejected by the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As attorney general, Sessions will be in charge of advancing and defending key aspects of Trump’s “law and order” criminal justice platform and enforcing his tough immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Sessions’ first actions was to reverse the Obama administration’s plan to end private prisons. He has also hinted at more support for law enforcement officials and tougher enforcement of drug laws, including heightened enforcement of marijuana (which is legal, to varying degrees, in 28 states), though no official plans have been released to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a month into the job, though, Sessions found himself under fire following a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-spoke-twice-with-russian-ambassador-during-trumps-presidential-campaign-justice-officials-say/2017/03/01/77205eda-feac-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_no-name%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&tid=a_inl&utm_term=.56eae0665fc0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post report\u003c/a> that he met twice last year with Russia's ambassador to the United States, a nugget he failed to disclose during his confirmation hearing. Amid mounting pressure, Sessions on March 2 announced that he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/02/us/politics/jeff-sessions-russia-trump-investigation-democrats.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recusing himself\u003c/a> from any current or future investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Meanwhile, top Democratic leaders, including Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer -- the House and Senate minority leaders -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/01/politics/jeff-sessions-russian-ambassador-meetings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called \u003c/a>for Sessions to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Zinke\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png\" alt=\"Zinke_Profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Department of Interior is the principal conservation agency of the United States. The secretary oversees management and conservation of millions of acres of federal land and natural resources (about 20 percent of all U.S. land) through agencies including the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service. The department has a budget of roughly $16 billion, although it also raises billions from activities such as “energy, mineral, grazing and timber leases as well as recreational permits and land sales.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary plays a key role in controlling development of the county’s natural resources - over 20 percent of natural gas and oil and 40 percent of the nation’s coal is mined from federal lands. The secretary is also a key communicator with the public in regard to the administration’s official policy positions on issues like climate change and natural resource management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke was confirmed by the Senate on March 1 with less rancor than some of Trump's other nominees. At his \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/1/nomination-hearing-of-the-honorable-ryan-zinke-to-be-the-secretary-of-the-interior\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">confirmation hearing\u003c/a>, the former Montana congressman, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/17/ryan-zinke-says-humans-influence-climate-change-scientists-say-were-the-dominant-cause/?utm_term=.41e691cda8ce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously questioned\u003c/a> climate science, said he now believes that humans do have an \"influence\" on climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said he opposes selling federal land to states or private owners, even though he voted in Congress to ease those same rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zinke also made his support quite clear for expanding leases to oil and gas development on public land as a way of boosting domestic energy production, a clear departure from the Obama administration's efforts to scale back drilling on federal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Ross\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png\" alt=\"Ross_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commerce secretary is in charge of promoting U.S. business interests domestically and abroad and “promoting economic development and technological innovation.” With 38,000 employees and a budget of roughly $6.5 billion, the department includes 12 special bureaus with wide-ranging duties, from economic and demographic data collection (U.S. Census Bureau) to weather monitoring (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penny Pritzker, former Commerce secretary under Obama, advanced a number of public-private partnerships in an effort to boost U.S. manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his Senate subcommittee hearing, Ross largely backed President Trump’s stance on trade, despite having made much of his fortune by opening factories overseas. He says that as Commerce secretary, he’ll support Trump’s agenda to toughen international trade policies and craft agreements that protect and create more jobs for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross also wants to crack down on what he calls China’s unfair trade practices and, like the president, pledges to make bold changes to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). At his confirmation hearing, Ross said: “We cannot afford trade that is inherently bad for American workers and for American businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, the Commerce secretary has less influence on economic policy than the Treasury secretary and other White House economic staff. Many political observers, though, predict that Ross will take on an expanded role in the Trump administration, given the president’s focus on redrawing trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Acosta\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26973 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Labor secretary heads a department that oversees workplace standards, worker protections, job training programs and employment statistics (Bureau of Labor Statistics).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary can be involved in mediation between large employers and their employees - for example, Labor Secretary Tom Perez (under Obama) settled a dispute between workers, unions and management at \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/opa/opa20160527\">Verizon\u003c/a> during his tenure. Perez also proposed \u003ca href=\"https://mic.com/articles/159787/what-does-the-secretary-of-labor-do-5-things-you-should-know#.5kOvwRgEr\">changes\u003c/a> to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which establishes minimum wage, overtime pay and other important employment standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta is Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/16/us/politics/alexander-acosta-labor-secretary-trump.html\">second pick\u003c/a> for the post - Andrew Pudzer, the first, withdrew his nomination amid controversy. Considered a more moderate candidate with broader bipartisan support, Acosta is in charge of advancing \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-unions-war-232382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trump’s agenda\u003c/a> to boost job development and reduce workplace regulations and union influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formerly the dean of Florida International University’s law school, Acosta was also briefly a member of the National Labor Relations Board under President George W. Bush and then went on to serve as U.S. attorney in the Bush's Justice Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta is the only Latino member of Trump's Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Price\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26035\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png\" alt=\"Price_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE (Sept. 29)\u003c/strong>: \u003cem>Tom Price \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/09/29/trump-to-decide-friday-night-whether-to-fire-hhs-secretary-price/?utm_term=.b249ec1e7281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resigned on Sept. 29\u003c/a>, amid sharp criticism over spending hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars on private charter flights. In January 2018, the Senate confirmed Alex Azar, the former president of the U.S. arm of pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly & Co. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/01/24/580381981/former-drug-industry-executive-will-lead-dept-of-health-and-human-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to NPR\u003c/a>: \"Azar will oversee the Food and Drug Administration, which regulates prescription drugs including those produced by his former employer. He'll also oversee Medicare and Medicaid, which together spend hundreds of billions of dollars each year on prescription medications.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Health and Human Services secretary is responsible for carrying out the administration’s plans on health, welfare and other income security programs. The post oversees a huge budget of over $1 trillion and 11 operating divisions including the Food & Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (which administers health care for over 130 million Americans).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Affordable Care Act, or \"Obamacare,\" greatly \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/hhs-secretary-tom-price-significant-powers-change-health-care/\">expanded the powers\u003c/a> of this position, allowing the secretary to influence the implementation of important details of the law, including how Medicaid funds are distributed to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other duties, Price will be tasked with implementing Trump’s plan to “repeal and replace” Obamacare. Although he has been a strong critic of the law in the past, and advocates for “free-market” solutions, he has not revealed a comprehensive plan for reform to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Carson\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26093 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1.png\" alt=\"Carson_Profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary leads the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which oversees public housing, fair-housing laws, home loan programs for lower- and middle-income families, and administers community development grants. The department operates on an annual budget of nearly $50 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the department’s \u003ca href=\"https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=ProposedFY17FactSheet.pdf\">budget\u003c/a> goes toward providing housing assistance, including public housing, to over 4.5 million low-income families across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, who made his own bid for president last year, grew up in a low-income neighborhood in Detroit (though, not public housing) and is Trump’s only African-American Cabinet pick. He was confirmed by the Senate on March 2, despite being criticized by Democrats for having no prior experience in government or housing policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although known for his comments urging an end to reliance on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/us/politics/ben-carsons-hud-housing-nominee-hearing.html\">public assistance\u003c/a>, Carson acknowledged the importance of “safety net” programs during his Senate hearing. His vision for the agency includes expanding private sector involvement in public housing and community development programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Chao\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26022\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png\" alt=\"Chao_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Transportation secretary heads -- you guessed it -- the Department of Transportation. With a budget of nearly $100 billion, the department includes the Federal Aviation Agency, Federal Highway Association, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and eight other transportation agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/fastlane/recovery-act-still-paying-dividends\">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act\u003c/a>, which Obama signed into law in 2009 to help jump-start the free-falling economy, the department received a major boost for road and bridge repair projects, transit expansion and new transportation facilities. A major aspect of the secretary’s job involves \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/us/politics/elaine-chao-transportation-trump.html\">allocating funds\u003c/a>, setting timelines and proposing financing options for transportation projects across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wife of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY), Chao is one of the few Cabinet members who received \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/trumps-transportation-secretary-pick-elaine-chao-confirmed-in-senate-with-some-top-democrats-balking/2017/01/31/a15c7604-df42-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?utm_term=.0f2aaf62afc8\">broad support\u003c/a> in the Senate, largely due to her experience as Labor secretary under President George W. Bush. As Transportation secretary, Chao will be one of the key members of Trump’s cabinet tasked with advancing his campaign pledge to invest $1 trillion into roads, bridges and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"DeVos\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26024\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png\" alt=\"Devos_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the head of the Department of Education (the smallest cabinet-level department), the Education secretary advises the president on federal education policies and administers federal aid to local schools. The DOE also administers Pell Grants, which account for the largest share of the department’s budget, a nearly $23 billion program that provides financial aids to lower-income college students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most public and charter k-12 schools receive the brunt of their funding from local and state taxes, a small but notable amount comes from the federal government (and is largely directed at low-income families). The DOE is also tasked with handling \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/what-does-secretary-of-education-do-betsy-devos-2017-2\">discrimination cases\u003c/a> though its Office of Civil Rights. Notably, the ACLU sued the department in 2014 on behalf of a transgender student who was blocked by his school from using the bathroom that corresponded with his gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos, a billionaire philanthropist, was sharply criticized during her Senate hearing for her lack of experience and knowledge of public education standards. Her confirmation has been regarded as the most controversial of Trump’s picks to date, with Vice President Mike Pence breaking a Senate tie to cast the deciding vote in her favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly suggested reducing or \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/what-the-department-of-education-does-2016-11\">eliminating\u003c/a> the Department of Education, favoring state and local administration of schools (rather than federal). While it appears the department will remain for now, DeVos is not supportive of traditional public education; she strongly advocates for school voucher programs, which would expand alternatives to public education (like charter schools), and allow K-12 students to attend private and religious schools funded with public dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Perry\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26104\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1.png\" alt=\"Perry_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">The secretary leads the Department of Energy, with a focus on promoting new technologies, providing related education and overseeing nuclear energy programs. The secretary also works with heads of federal intelligence agencies to closely monitor compliance with domestic and international nuclear agreements. The majority of the department's budget is allocated to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-does-energy-department-do/\">national security\u003c/a> (i.e. nuclear weapon programs).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created in the early 1970s (under President Jimmy Carter) in response to an oil embargo that nearly quadrupled the price of oil, sending the global and national energy sectors into shock. President’s generally set the agenda for Energy secretaries - under Obama, the department focused on \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/271364-obamas-energy-efficiency-rules-will-last-secretary-says\">clean energy\u003c/a> research and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his 2012 presidential run, Perry actually vowed to eliminate the Energy Department (and notoriously forgot the name of it during a primary debate). More recently, he's demonstrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/us/politics/rick-perry-energy-secretary-donald-trump.html\">apparent confusion\u003c/a> about the responsibilities he would have as secretary. Nevertheless, Perry \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-perry-confirmation-vote-former-texas-governor-heads-to-full-senate/\">cleared\u003c/a> the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and was confirmed by the full Senate on March 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Governor of Texas, Perry was an advocate for the fossil fuel industry and maintains strong personal and business ties to major Texas \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/perry-oil-industry-energy-department/\">oil companies\u003c/a>. He was, however, also supportive of some renewable energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with Trump's priorities to expand domestic energy production by increasing fossil fuel production, Perry will likely steer the department away from the larger Obama-era focus on renewable energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Shulkin\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png\" alt=\"Shulkin_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the head of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the secretary oversees health care and other benefits for people who have served in the military. The VA employs roughly 300,000 employees and controls a budget of about $150 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created in 1930 (12 years after World War I) and grew exponentially following a sharp rise in the number of U.S. veterans after World War II. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/health/findcare.asp\">VA health care system\u003c/a> (one of three subdivisions of the department) is the largest integrated health care system in the U.S., providing care for roughly 9 million veterans each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A holdover from the Obama administration, Shulkin is Trump’s only nominee to date approved unanimously by the Senate. As secretary, he will be tasked with improving care for veterans, which Trump says was sorely neglected under the Obama administration. Shulkin has promised “major reform and transformation of the VA” including increased options for veterans to receive \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/01/david-shulkin-veterans-affairs-nominee-faster-change-more-choice-veterans/97348212/\">private sector\u003c/a> medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Kelly\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png\" alt=\"Kelly_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>UPDATE (July 28)\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: After a short stint leading the Department of Homeland Security, Kelly was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/07/28/trump-names-homeland-security-secretary-john-kelly-as-white-house-chief-of-staff-ousting-reince-priebus/?utm_term=.ebdaff753dc2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appointed by Trump\u003c/a> to be White House chief of staff, replacing Reince Priebus. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/person/elaine-c-duke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elaine Duke\u003c/a> initially served as acting secretary of the department. On Dec. 5, the Senate confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/363399-senate-confirms-trumps-homeland-security-secretary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kirstjen Nielsen\u003c/a> by a vote of 62-37. Nielsen previously served on George W. Bush’s homeland security council, worked under Kelly at the DHS earlier this year, and most recently was his chief of staff at the White House.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As head of the Department of Homeland Security, the secretary is responsible for protecting domestic safety. The department’s broad responsibilities include fighting terrorism, securing the border, immigration and customs enforcement, cybersecurity, and disaster prevention and management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created under President George W. Bush to consolidate homeland security efforts after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It’s comprised of seven agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Transportation Security Administration (airport security).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly will oversee the third largest federal department, and be responsible for advancing some of Trump’s controversial actions on immigration and border security. During his confirmation \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/10/509128004/trumps-homeland-security-pick-faces-confirmation-hearing-today\">hearing\u003c/a> however, Kelly appeared to break with his boss, downplaying the importance of a U.S.- Mexico border wall and pushing back on proposed policies to restrict immigration of Muslims and to revive \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/john-kelly-homeland-security-senate-confirmation-hearing/\">torture\u003c/a> techniques in the fight against terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also recently promised more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/26/politics/kelly-travel-immigration-governors/\">moderate \u003c/a>laws on deportations and travel following public outcry in response to a series of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/26/politics/executive-orders-presidents-actions-presidential-memoranda/\">executive orders \u003c/a>signed last month by Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Perdue\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003cbr>\nThe Department of Agriculture oversees the country’s massive farming industry. Among other things, the department provides subsidies and support to farmers and agribusiness, nutritional aid to low-income families and it administers agricultural trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of the department’s budget goes to food assistance programs (formerly known as food stamps) which provide for more than 40 million low-income people across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department also oversees the U.S. Forest Service, which manages nearly 200 million acres of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As head of the department, Perdue, a former agricultural businessman, will likely look to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nikolaikuznetsov/2017/02/10/the-next-agriculture-secretary-could-be-great-for-agribusinesses/#6b89f10530d5\">farming industry regulations \u003c/a>and renegotiate agricultural trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Pruitt\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA administrator is responsible for guiding federal environmental policy and enforcing the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts and other environmental regulations. Under the Obama administration, the agency took steps to combat climate change by trying to regulate carbon emissions and promote renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt is a \u003ca href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20170108114336/https:/www.ok.gov/oag/Media/About_the_AG/\">self-described\u003c/a> “leading advocate against the EPA activist agenda.” As Oklahoma attorney general, he sued the agency multiple times, and has made it clear that he wants to reform the agency by significantly reducing its reach. Pruitt also has strong ties to the fossil fuel industry, and says he wants to roll back federal environmental regulations, particularly when they hinder domestic energy production. He is a strong advocate for state and local control over environmental laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"McMahon\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-960x387.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-240x97.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Small Business Administration is responsible for providing loans, securing government contract work and generally advocating for small business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, McMahon is a billionaire businesswoman with no government experience. A key player on Trump’s economic team, she is tasked with cutting back \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/exclusive-trump-chooses-pro-wrestling-magnate-linda-mcmahon-213126676--finance.html\">federal regulations\u003c/a> on small businesses, promoting job growth and supporting entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Pompeo\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the CIA oversees a huge network of intelligence agents positioned around the world, with the intent of protecting national security. The director is responsible for providing regular intelligence briefings to the president and his staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pompeo took over the CIA in the midst of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/trumps-relationship-intelligence-community-off-rocky-start/\">strained relationship\u003c/a> between the agency and the White House. Trump had initially dismissed agency intelligence reports that Russian agents likely hacked the U.S. presidential election. While supportive of the president in general, Pompeo says he backs the CIA’s Russia findings. During his confirmation hearings, Pompeo also said that he would not resume the use of enhanced interrogation techniques (like waterboarding) that Trump has advocated for.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Haley\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26025\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003cbr>\nAlthough the secretary of state takes the lead on establishing foreign policy, the UN ambassador is responsible for interpreting U.S. policy positions and building international support in the UN’s General Assembly and Security Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many of Trump’s nominees, Haley received \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/as-us-ambassador-to-un-nikki-haley-would-face-worlds-most-intractable-conflicts/2016/11/23/4ae99573-7661-416a-97d7-dee36793ae10_story.html?utm_term=.a78c1f36747c\">broad support\u003c/a> in the Senate and was confirmed quickly, despite her lack of foreign policy experience. Although she agrees with Trump on a number of key foreign policy issues, including opposition to the Iran Nuclear deal, she has also shown a willingness to disagree with him on certain issues, including her denunciation of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s “acts of aggression” in Eastern Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Lighthizer\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-800x321.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-768x308.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade representative is member of the president’s economic team, advises on domestic and international trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lighthizer shares Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/03/us/politics/trump-robert-lighthizer-trade-mexico.html\">protectionist approach\u003c/a> to the U.S. economy. With the goal of protecting American jobs, he is tasked with negotiating and enforcing existing trade agreements, forging new ones, and potentially raising import taxes. Lighthizer will likely play a key role in Trump’s promise to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Coats\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27010\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-960x387.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-240x97.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intelligence director is responsible for coordinating the intelligence gathering and analysis of the country’s 16 civilian and military spy agencies, including the CIA, NSA and FBI. Created in 2004, partly in in reaction to criticism that the nation’s spy agencies had failed to detect and prevent the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the post is intended to be the president's primary interpreter on national intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirmed with broad bipartisan support, Coats served as a two-time Republican Senator from Indiana, where he was a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"25945 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=25945","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/18/whos-in-the-presidents-cabinet-and-what-do-they-do-with-lesson-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":4568,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":106},"modified":1524776132,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"GRAPHIC: Who's Who in the President's Cabinet? (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"GRAPHIC: Who's Who in the President's Cabinet? (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-05-18T16:00:44-07:00","dateModified":"2018-04-26T13:55:32-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whos-in-the-presidents-cabinet-and-what-do-they-do-with-lesson-plan","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/25945/whos-in-the-presidents-cabinet-and-what-do-they-do-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Trump-cabinet-lesson-plan-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: The President's Cabinet (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With all the drama surrounding the White House right now, it's easy to lose track of what's going in the rest of the vast executive branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cabinet secretaries head up their own executive departments and serve as the president’s advisers on major policy issues. There are 16 official Cabinet positions (including vice president) and eight Cabinet-level positions, all of which require Senate confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New presidents must also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/?tid=graphics-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nominate about 1,200\u003c/a> other lower-level executive branch positions, including deputy and assistant secretaries, heads of agencies and ambassadors. All of them require Senate confirmation as well. As of mid-May, the Trump administration had still not even chosen nominees for a strikingly large number of these still-vacant positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president also appoints key advisers to the White House staff who don’t require Senate confirmation, including chief of staff, press secretary and major strategists (like Steve Bannon and Jared Kushner).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the executive branch, members of the president’s Cabinet don't make any laws. They do, however, oversee massive government departments with thousands of employees and multi-billion dollar budgets, thereby shaping how laws and regulations are implemented and enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a third of those serving in President Trump’s Cabinet do not have any government experience. And several of those who do -- including Energy Department nominee Rick Perry and Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt -- have openly expressed disdain for the departments they’re now preparing to lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's Cabinet is the whitest, most male-dominated group in decades. It's also the wealthiest Cabinet in history, with close ties to Wall Street and corporate America, including two billionaires and at least a dozen millionaires, with a \u003ca href=\"http://st%20a%20dozen%20millionaires,%20with%20a%20combined%20net%20worth%20of%20about%20%246.1%20billion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">combined net worth\u003c/a> of about $6.1 billion. Many faced tough questioning from Democrats about their complex financial and political connections. It wasn't until late April, more than three months after Trump's inauguration, that the Senate confirmed the last of nominees was confirmed, rounding out the Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Cabinet and Cabinet-Level Positions\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">(Note: this is the original list of confirmed appointees; recent changes are mentioned below)\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#Tillerson\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26006 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-160x223.png\" alt=\"Tillerson\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Zinke\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26095 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Zinke\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Shulkin\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26004 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-160x223.png\" alt=\"Shulkin\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Sessions\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26003 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-160x223.png\" alt=\"Sessions\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Ross\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26014 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-160x223.png\" alt=\"Ross_Updated\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Price\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25999 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-160x223.png\" alt=\"Price\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Chao\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25986 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-160x223.png\" alt=\"Chao\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Acosta\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26963\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-160x223.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"158\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-160x223.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-240x334.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3.jpg 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 158px) 100vw, 158px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Perry\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-26105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Perry\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Perdue\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26956 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#DeVos\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25988 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-160x223.png\" alt=\"DeVos\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Carson\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-26092\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Carson\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Mattis\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25992 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-160x223.png\" alt=\"Mattis\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Kelly\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25990 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-160x223.png\" alt=\"Kelly\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Pruitt\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26001 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#McMahon\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25993 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Pompeo\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25998 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Haley\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25989 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Lighthizer\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-27007\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-160x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-160x222.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-240x333.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Coats\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-27009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-160x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-160x222.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-240x333.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Tillerson\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png\" alt=\"Tillerson_Profile1\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary of state is the highest-ranking member in the Cabinet, and as the nation's top diplomat, is responsible for advising the president on foreign matters, and carrying out the administration’s foreign policy through the U.S. Department of State and the Foreign Service. This position oversees 30,000 employees in almost every country in the world, with a budget of roughly $35 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the face of U.S. foreign policy, the secretary of state often plays a key role negotiating international agreements on a wide range of issues, including the environment, security and nuclear weapons. As secretary of state under President Obama, John Kerry played a large role advancing international climate change policies -- including the 2015 Paris climate agreement -- as well as negotiating a major nuclear deal with Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate confirmation hearing, Tillerson was questioned about his ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin, and potential conflicts of interest he could face as the former CEO of the world’s largest oil and gas company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the first Cabinet members to be confirmed, Tillerson must now perform a tricky balancing act in maintaining strong relations among America’s allies while also representing a president whose support of isolationist policies has ruffled feathers around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Tillerson does side with Trump on many issues, he did express divergent views from his boss during his confirmation hearing, voicing support for NATO, action on climate change and continued economic sanctions against Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Mnuchin\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26030\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png\" alt=\"Mnuchin_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the principal economic adviser to the president, the Treasury secretary tracks money and financial matters of national interest. Among other duties, the secretary is a key adviser and spokesman on trade deals, the public debt and tax reform. He manages 10 special bureaus, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the U.S. Mint (the secretary’s signature is on all new printed money), and oversees more than 100,000 employees and a budget of roughly $13 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This position is often in the spotlight in times of financial crisis, as was the case during the economic recession in 2008-2009 and the decision to bail out the banks. Alexander Hamilton served as America’s first (and arguably most famous) Treasury secretary, responsible for consolidating the debt of the 13 colonies after the Revolutionary War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Tillerson, Mnuchin was also probed by the Senate on his business dealings and personal finances. Among other things, he was strongly criticized by Democrats for his failure to disclose nearly $100 million in assets, as well as profits he made on foreclosures during the 2008-2009 economic collapse. Democrats on the Senate Finance Committee twice boycotted a vote on his confirmation – but in a rare move, Republicans sent his nomination to the full Senate without their approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Mnuchin doesn’t have any prior experience in government, he will likely have a strong hand in the president’s plans to rewrite the tax code, roll back financial regulations and renegotiate international trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26028\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png\" alt=\"Mattis_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSecond only to the president in military authority, the Defense secretary exercises “command and control” over the U.S. Armed forces (Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force). The position oversees the Department of Defense, the largest U.S. government agency, with more than two million soldiers and civilians around the world and a budget of roughly $600 billion per year (the largest of any military force in the world) -- which Trump wants to increase by $54 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top adviser on decisions regarding U.S. military strategy and actions, this position is particularly important during times of war. Under President George W. Bush, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld led the planning and execution of the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan (immediately following the Sept.11 terror attacks) and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattis, a retired 4-star general, is one of only a small handful of Trump’s Cabinet nominees to receive broad bipartisan support. During his confirmation hearing in the Senate Armed Forces Committee, he advocated stepping up military attacks on ISIS in the Middle East, in line with Trump’s proposed policies. However, he broke with the president in declaring Russia a major threat to U.S. security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattis recently traveled to Brussels to advance Trump’s plan to reform NATO, an international military alliance. The administration is threatening to alter the U.S. relationship with the organization if other countries do not increase their spending budgets to 2 percent of total GDP, as promised. The U.S. currently spends more than twice as much as all other NATO countries combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Sessions\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png\" alt=\"Sessions_Profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s chief law enforcement officer and lawyer, the attorney general oversees the U.S. Department of Justice, which is comprised of 40 agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigations, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the Drug Enforcement Agency and immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general has oversight on a wide range of federal crimes, and as such can play a broad role in shaping national policy. During the Obama administration, the attorney general’s office (led by Eric Holder and Loretta Lynch) prioritized its focus on criminal justice reform by investigating multiple police departments, reducing the enforcement of certain drug laws and phasing out the federal use of private prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate hearing, Sessions faced intense opposition from Democrats, mostly because of his staunch conservatism and mixed record on civil rights. Most notably, as a U.S. attorney in Alabama in 1985, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/09/magazine/the-voter-fraud-case-jeff-sessions-lost-and-cant-escape.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he prosecuted\u003c/a> three African-American civil rights activists, accusing them of voter fraud. The following year he was nominated to be a federal district judge, but rejected by the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As attorney general, Sessions will be in charge of advancing and defending key aspects of Trump’s “law and order” criminal justice platform and enforcing his tough immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Sessions’ first actions was to reverse the Obama administration’s plan to end private prisons. He has also hinted at more support for law enforcement officials and tougher enforcement of drug laws, including heightened enforcement of marijuana (which is legal, to varying degrees, in 28 states), though no official plans have been released to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a month into the job, though, Sessions found himself under fire following a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-spoke-twice-with-russian-ambassador-during-trumps-presidential-campaign-justice-officials-say/2017/03/01/77205eda-feac-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_no-name%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&tid=a_inl&utm_term=.56eae0665fc0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post report\u003c/a> that he met twice last year with Russia's ambassador to the United States, a nugget he failed to disclose during his confirmation hearing. Amid mounting pressure, Sessions on March 2 announced that he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/02/us/politics/jeff-sessions-russia-trump-investigation-democrats.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recusing himself\u003c/a> from any current or future investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Meanwhile, top Democratic leaders, including Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer -- the House and Senate minority leaders -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/01/politics/jeff-sessions-russian-ambassador-meetings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called \u003c/a>for Sessions to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Zinke\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png\" alt=\"Zinke_Profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Department of Interior is the principal conservation agency of the United States. The secretary oversees management and conservation of millions of acres of federal land and natural resources (about 20 percent of all U.S. land) through agencies including the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service. The department has a budget of roughly $16 billion, although it also raises billions from activities such as “energy, mineral, grazing and timber leases as well as recreational permits and land sales.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary plays a key role in controlling development of the county’s natural resources - over 20 percent of natural gas and oil and 40 percent of the nation’s coal is mined from federal lands. The secretary is also a key communicator with the public in regard to the administration’s official policy positions on issues like climate change and natural resource management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke was confirmed by the Senate on March 1 with less rancor than some of Trump's other nominees. At his \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/1/nomination-hearing-of-the-honorable-ryan-zinke-to-be-the-secretary-of-the-interior\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">confirmation hearing\u003c/a>, the former Montana congressman, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/17/ryan-zinke-says-humans-influence-climate-change-scientists-say-were-the-dominant-cause/?utm_term=.41e691cda8ce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously questioned\u003c/a> climate science, said he now believes that humans do have an \"influence\" on climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said he opposes selling federal land to states or private owners, even though he voted in Congress to ease those same rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zinke also made his support quite clear for expanding leases to oil and gas development on public land as a way of boosting domestic energy production, a clear departure from the Obama administration's efforts to scale back drilling on federal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Ross\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png\" alt=\"Ross_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commerce secretary is in charge of promoting U.S. business interests domestically and abroad and “promoting economic development and technological innovation.” With 38,000 employees and a budget of roughly $6.5 billion, the department includes 12 special bureaus with wide-ranging duties, from economic and demographic data collection (U.S. Census Bureau) to weather monitoring (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penny Pritzker, former Commerce secretary under Obama, advanced a number of public-private partnerships in an effort to boost U.S. manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his Senate subcommittee hearing, Ross largely backed President Trump’s stance on trade, despite having made much of his fortune by opening factories overseas. He says that as Commerce secretary, he’ll support Trump’s agenda to toughen international trade policies and craft agreements that protect and create more jobs for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross also wants to crack down on what he calls China’s unfair trade practices and, like the president, pledges to make bold changes to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). At his confirmation hearing, Ross said: “We cannot afford trade that is inherently bad for American workers and for American businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, the Commerce secretary has less influence on economic policy than the Treasury secretary and other White House economic staff. Many political observers, though, predict that Ross will take on an expanded role in the Trump administration, given the president’s focus on redrawing trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Acosta\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26973 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Labor secretary heads a department that oversees workplace standards, worker protections, job training programs and employment statistics (Bureau of Labor Statistics).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary can be involved in mediation between large employers and their employees - for example, Labor Secretary Tom Perez (under Obama) settled a dispute between workers, unions and management at \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/opa/opa20160527\">Verizon\u003c/a> during his tenure. Perez also proposed \u003ca href=\"https://mic.com/articles/159787/what-does-the-secretary-of-labor-do-5-things-you-should-know#.5kOvwRgEr\">changes\u003c/a> to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which establishes minimum wage, overtime pay and other important employment standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta is Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/16/us/politics/alexander-acosta-labor-secretary-trump.html\">second pick\u003c/a> for the post - Andrew Pudzer, the first, withdrew his nomination amid controversy. Considered a more moderate candidate with broader bipartisan support, Acosta is in charge of advancing \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-unions-war-232382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trump’s agenda\u003c/a> to boost job development and reduce workplace regulations and union influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formerly the dean of Florida International University’s law school, Acosta was also briefly a member of the National Labor Relations Board under President George W. Bush and then went on to serve as U.S. attorney in the Bush's Justice Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta is the only Latino member of Trump's Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Price\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26035\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png\" alt=\"Price_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE (Sept. 29)\u003c/strong>: \u003cem>Tom Price \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/09/29/trump-to-decide-friday-night-whether-to-fire-hhs-secretary-price/?utm_term=.b249ec1e7281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resigned on Sept. 29\u003c/a>, amid sharp criticism over spending hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars on private charter flights. In January 2018, the Senate confirmed Alex Azar, the former president of the U.S. arm of pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly & Co. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/01/24/580381981/former-drug-industry-executive-will-lead-dept-of-health-and-human-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to NPR\u003c/a>: \"Azar will oversee the Food and Drug Administration, which regulates prescription drugs including those produced by his former employer. He'll also oversee Medicare and Medicaid, which together spend hundreds of billions of dollars each year on prescription medications.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Health and Human Services secretary is responsible for carrying out the administration’s plans on health, welfare and other income security programs. The post oversees a huge budget of over $1 trillion and 11 operating divisions including the Food & Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (which administers health care for over 130 million Americans).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Affordable Care Act, or \"Obamacare,\" greatly \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/hhs-secretary-tom-price-significant-powers-change-health-care/\">expanded the powers\u003c/a> of this position, allowing the secretary to influence the implementation of important details of the law, including how Medicaid funds are distributed to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other duties, Price will be tasked with implementing Trump’s plan to “repeal and replace” Obamacare. Although he has been a strong critic of the law in the past, and advocates for “free-market” solutions, he has not revealed a comprehensive plan for reform to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Carson\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26093 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1.png\" alt=\"Carson_Profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary leads the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which oversees public housing, fair-housing laws, home loan programs for lower- and middle-income families, and administers community development grants. The department operates on an annual budget of nearly $50 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the department’s \u003ca href=\"https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=ProposedFY17FactSheet.pdf\">budget\u003c/a> goes toward providing housing assistance, including public housing, to over 4.5 million low-income families across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, who made his own bid for president last year, grew up in a low-income neighborhood in Detroit (though, not public housing) and is Trump’s only African-American Cabinet pick. He was confirmed by the Senate on March 2, despite being criticized by Democrats for having no prior experience in government or housing policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although known for his comments urging an end to reliance on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/us/politics/ben-carsons-hud-housing-nominee-hearing.html\">public assistance\u003c/a>, Carson acknowledged the importance of “safety net” programs during his Senate hearing. His vision for the agency includes expanding private sector involvement in public housing and community development programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Chao\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26022\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png\" alt=\"Chao_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Transportation secretary heads -- you guessed it -- the Department of Transportation. With a budget of nearly $100 billion, the department includes the Federal Aviation Agency, Federal Highway Association, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and eight other transportation agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/fastlane/recovery-act-still-paying-dividends\">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act\u003c/a>, which Obama signed into law in 2009 to help jump-start the free-falling economy, the department received a major boost for road and bridge repair projects, transit expansion and new transportation facilities. A major aspect of the secretary’s job involves \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/us/politics/elaine-chao-transportation-trump.html\">allocating funds\u003c/a>, setting timelines and proposing financing options for transportation projects across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wife of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY), Chao is one of the few Cabinet members who received \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/trumps-transportation-secretary-pick-elaine-chao-confirmed-in-senate-with-some-top-democrats-balking/2017/01/31/a15c7604-df42-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?utm_term=.0f2aaf62afc8\">broad support\u003c/a> in the Senate, largely due to her experience as Labor secretary under President George W. Bush. As Transportation secretary, Chao will be one of the key members of Trump’s cabinet tasked with advancing his campaign pledge to invest $1 trillion into roads, bridges and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"DeVos\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26024\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png\" alt=\"Devos_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the head of the Department of Education (the smallest cabinet-level department), the Education secretary advises the president on federal education policies and administers federal aid to local schools. The DOE also administers Pell Grants, which account for the largest share of the department’s budget, a nearly $23 billion program that provides financial aids to lower-income college students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most public and charter k-12 schools receive the brunt of their funding from local and state taxes, a small but notable amount comes from the federal government (and is largely directed at low-income families). The DOE is also tasked with handling \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/what-does-secretary-of-education-do-betsy-devos-2017-2\">discrimination cases\u003c/a> though its Office of Civil Rights. Notably, the ACLU sued the department in 2014 on behalf of a transgender student who was blocked by his school from using the bathroom that corresponded with his gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos, a billionaire philanthropist, was sharply criticized during her Senate hearing for her lack of experience and knowledge of public education standards. Her confirmation has been regarded as the most controversial of Trump’s picks to date, with Vice President Mike Pence breaking a Senate tie to cast the deciding vote in her favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly suggested reducing or \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/what-the-department-of-education-does-2016-11\">eliminating\u003c/a> the Department of Education, favoring state and local administration of schools (rather than federal). While it appears the department will remain for now, DeVos is not supportive of traditional public education; she strongly advocates for school voucher programs, which would expand alternatives to public education (like charter schools), and allow K-12 students to attend private and religious schools funded with public dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Perry\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26104\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1.png\" alt=\"Perry_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">The secretary leads the Department of Energy, with a focus on promoting new technologies, providing related education and overseeing nuclear energy programs. The secretary also works with heads of federal intelligence agencies to closely monitor compliance with domestic and international nuclear agreements. The majority of the department's budget is allocated to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-does-energy-department-do/\">national security\u003c/a> (i.e. nuclear weapon programs).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created in the early 1970s (under President Jimmy Carter) in response to an oil embargo that nearly quadrupled the price of oil, sending the global and national energy sectors into shock. President’s generally set the agenda for Energy secretaries - under Obama, the department focused on \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/271364-obamas-energy-efficiency-rules-will-last-secretary-says\">clean energy\u003c/a> research and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his 2012 presidential run, Perry actually vowed to eliminate the Energy Department (and notoriously forgot the name of it during a primary debate). More recently, he's demonstrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/us/politics/rick-perry-energy-secretary-donald-trump.html\">apparent confusion\u003c/a> about the responsibilities he would have as secretary. Nevertheless, Perry \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-perry-confirmation-vote-former-texas-governor-heads-to-full-senate/\">cleared\u003c/a> the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and was confirmed by the full Senate on March 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Governor of Texas, Perry was an advocate for the fossil fuel industry and maintains strong personal and business ties to major Texas \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/perry-oil-industry-energy-department/\">oil companies\u003c/a>. He was, however, also supportive of some renewable energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with Trump's priorities to expand domestic energy production by increasing fossil fuel production, Perry will likely steer the department away from the larger Obama-era focus on renewable energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Shulkin\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png\" alt=\"Shulkin_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the head of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the secretary oversees health care and other benefits for people who have served in the military. The VA employs roughly 300,000 employees and controls a budget of about $150 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created in 1930 (12 years after World War I) and grew exponentially following a sharp rise in the number of U.S. veterans after World War II. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/health/findcare.asp\">VA health care system\u003c/a> (one of three subdivisions of the department) is the largest integrated health care system in the U.S., providing care for roughly 9 million veterans each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A holdover from the Obama administration, Shulkin is Trump’s only nominee to date approved unanimously by the Senate. As secretary, he will be tasked with improving care for veterans, which Trump says was sorely neglected under the Obama administration. Shulkin has promised “major reform and transformation of the VA” including increased options for veterans to receive \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/01/david-shulkin-veterans-affairs-nominee-faster-change-more-choice-veterans/97348212/\">private sector\u003c/a> medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Kelly\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png\" alt=\"Kelly_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>UPDATE (July 28)\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: After a short stint leading the Department of Homeland Security, Kelly was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/07/28/trump-names-homeland-security-secretary-john-kelly-as-white-house-chief-of-staff-ousting-reince-priebus/?utm_term=.ebdaff753dc2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appointed by Trump\u003c/a> to be White House chief of staff, replacing Reince Priebus. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/person/elaine-c-duke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elaine Duke\u003c/a> initially served as acting secretary of the department. On Dec. 5, the Senate confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/363399-senate-confirms-trumps-homeland-security-secretary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kirstjen Nielsen\u003c/a> by a vote of 62-37. Nielsen previously served on George W. Bush’s homeland security council, worked under Kelly at the DHS earlier this year, and most recently was his chief of staff at the White House.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As head of the Department of Homeland Security, the secretary is responsible for protecting domestic safety. The department’s broad responsibilities include fighting terrorism, securing the border, immigration and customs enforcement, cybersecurity, and disaster prevention and management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created under President George W. Bush to consolidate homeland security efforts after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It’s comprised of seven agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Transportation Security Administration (airport security).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly will oversee the third largest federal department, and be responsible for advancing some of Trump’s controversial actions on immigration and border security. During his confirmation \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/10/509128004/trumps-homeland-security-pick-faces-confirmation-hearing-today\">hearing\u003c/a> however, Kelly appeared to break with his boss, downplaying the importance of a U.S.- Mexico border wall and pushing back on proposed policies to restrict immigration of Muslims and to revive \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/john-kelly-homeland-security-senate-confirmation-hearing/\">torture\u003c/a> techniques in the fight against terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also recently promised more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/26/politics/kelly-travel-immigration-governors/\">moderate \u003c/a>laws on deportations and travel following public outcry in response to a series of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/26/politics/executive-orders-presidents-actions-presidential-memoranda/\">executive orders \u003c/a>signed last month by Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Perdue\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003cbr>\nThe Department of Agriculture oversees the country’s massive farming industry. Among other things, the department provides subsidies and support to farmers and agribusiness, nutritional aid to low-income families and it administers agricultural trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of the department’s budget goes to food assistance programs (formerly known as food stamps) which provide for more than 40 million low-income people across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department also oversees the U.S. Forest Service, which manages nearly 200 million acres of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As head of the department, Perdue, a former agricultural businessman, will likely look to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nikolaikuznetsov/2017/02/10/the-next-agriculture-secretary-could-be-great-for-agribusinesses/#6b89f10530d5\">farming industry regulations \u003c/a>and renegotiate agricultural trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Pruitt\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA administrator is responsible for guiding federal environmental policy and enforcing the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts and other environmental regulations. Under the Obama administration, the agency took steps to combat climate change by trying to regulate carbon emissions and promote renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt is a \u003ca href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20170108114336/https:/www.ok.gov/oag/Media/About_the_AG/\">self-described\u003c/a> “leading advocate against the EPA activist agenda.” As Oklahoma attorney general, he sued the agency multiple times, and has made it clear that he wants to reform the agency by significantly reducing its reach. Pruitt also has strong ties to the fossil fuel industry, and says he wants to roll back federal environmental regulations, particularly when they hinder domestic energy production. He is a strong advocate for state and local control over environmental laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"McMahon\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-960x387.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-240x97.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Small Business Administration is responsible for providing loans, securing government contract work and generally advocating for small business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, McMahon is a billionaire businesswoman with no government experience. A key player on Trump’s economic team, she is tasked with cutting back \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/exclusive-trump-chooses-pro-wrestling-magnate-linda-mcmahon-213126676--finance.html\">federal regulations\u003c/a> on small businesses, promoting job growth and supporting entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Pompeo\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the CIA oversees a huge network of intelligence agents positioned around the world, with the intent of protecting national security. The director is responsible for providing regular intelligence briefings to the president and his staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pompeo took over the CIA in the midst of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/trumps-relationship-intelligence-community-off-rocky-start/\">strained relationship\u003c/a> between the agency and the White House. Trump had initially dismissed agency intelligence reports that Russian agents likely hacked the U.S. presidential election. While supportive of the president in general, Pompeo says he backs the CIA’s Russia findings. During his confirmation hearings, Pompeo also said that he would not resume the use of enhanced interrogation techniques (like waterboarding) that Trump has advocated for.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Haley\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26025\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003cbr>\nAlthough the secretary of state takes the lead on establishing foreign policy, the UN ambassador is responsible for interpreting U.S. policy positions and building international support in the UN’s General Assembly and Security Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many of Trump’s nominees, Haley received \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/as-us-ambassador-to-un-nikki-haley-would-face-worlds-most-intractable-conflicts/2016/11/23/4ae99573-7661-416a-97d7-dee36793ae10_story.html?utm_term=.a78c1f36747c\">broad support\u003c/a> in the Senate and was confirmed quickly, despite her lack of foreign policy experience. Although she agrees with Trump on a number of key foreign policy issues, including opposition to the Iran Nuclear deal, she has also shown a willingness to disagree with him on certain issues, including her denunciation of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s “acts of aggression” in Eastern Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Lighthizer\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-800x321.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-768x308.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade representative is member of the president’s economic team, advises on domestic and international trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lighthizer shares Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/03/us/politics/trump-robert-lighthizer-trade-mexico.html\">protectionist approach\u003c/a> to the U.S. economy. With the goal of protecting American jobs, he is tasked with negotiating and enforcing existing trade agreements, forging new ones, and potentially raising import taxes. Lighthizer will likely play a key role in Trump’s promise to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Coats\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27010\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-960x387.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-240x97.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intelligence director is responsible for coordinating the intelligence gathering and analysis of the country’s 16 civilian and military spy agencies, including the CIA, NSA and FBI. Created in 2004, partly in in reaction to criticism that the nation’s spy agencies had failed to detect and prevent the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the post is intended to be the president's primary interpreter on national intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirmed with broad bipartisan support, Coats served as a two-time Republican Senator from Indiana, where he was a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/25945/whos-in-the-presidents-cabinet-and-what-do-they-do-with-lesson-plan","authors":["8658"],"categories":["lowdown_2399","lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_236","lowdown_2337","lowdown_2595"],"featImg":"lowdown_30908","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_26745":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26745","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"26745","score":null,"sort":[1493355029000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1493355029,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"From Fox News to the Simpsons: Six Videos Recapping Trump's First 100 Days","title":"From Fox News to the Simpsons: Six Videos Recapping Trump's First 100 Days","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/AkE6S7jZafE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alright, so this is admittedly a lazy post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday marks President Trump's 100th day in office, and I was gearing up to do a whole big thing on it. But, as it turns out, every other media outlet on the planet seems to have beat me to the punch. So I instead sorted through rubble and picked out a bunch of videos that I think nicely sum up Trump's track record thus far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Trump himself recently acknowledged, placing such significance on the first 100 days in the White House is a \"ridiculous standard.\" The ritual started with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who entered office in the midst of the Great Depression and pushed through an impressive torrent of policy measures in his first months that helped jump-start America's crippled economy. He took extraordinary measures to address extraordinary times, and therefore, using the same standard to evaluate the fledgling success of subsequent presidents is a bit of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/04/25/this-is-why-the-first-100-days-is-a-ridiculous-standard-for-judging-presidents/?utm_term=.bf3398171b5d\" target=\"_blank\">superficial construct\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as cliché as it's become, judging a new president's performance during this short time frame does give some indication of his (and likely one day, her) leadership skills and ability hit the ground running and start making good on campaign promises. Which is perhaps why Trump, as a candidate, talked so much about the ambitious agenda he planned for his first 100 days in office. It's also probably why he's continued to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/04/20/trumps-claim-that-no-administration-has-accomplished-more-in-the-first-90-days/?utm_term=.cfdfbd913cce\" target=\"_blank\">make hyperbolic claims\u003c/a> about his accomplishments during this period, even while decrying the convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let's face it, by most accounts -- liberal and conservative alike -- Trump's performance to date has been pretty underwhelming, at least compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sweeping list of \u003c/a>promises he made before taking office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/cx70SuMMN5Y\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, presidents have come into office on a wave of public goodwill and a mandate to lead. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and entered the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. And unlike his predecessors, he also came into office with absolutely no government experience, a fact that's become evident in the mounting number of rookie-move stumbles, infighting and embarrassing setbacks as his administration comes to grips with the harsh reality of Washington politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Trump has indisputably enjoyed a number of notable early accomplishments, including more than a dozen executive orders signed and the confirmation of conservative Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch (albeit with the help of a major rule-change maneuvered by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, making the confirmation vote filibuster-proof).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So without further ado, here's how a host of other media outlets have chosen to capture Trump's first 100 days. And scroll to the bottom of the post to explore the Associated Press' excellent interactive scorecard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Washington Post: By the Numbers\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.washingtonpost.com/video/c/embed/2e8b42bc-26b5-11e7-928e-3624539060e8\" width=\"650\" height=\"350\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fox News: The big challenges\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/jD1x7jliixc\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>New York Times: A 2 minute snapshot\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/uxSPNEYMMv8\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And yes, even the Simpsons ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Qo3fT0xPeHs\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://interactives.ap.org/2017/trump-100-days/\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"26745 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26745","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/04/27/from-cnn-to-the-simpsons-five-video-takes-on-trumps-first-100-days/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":506,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["//www.washingtonpost.com/video/c/embed/2e8b42bc-26b5-11e7-928e-3624539060e8","https://interactives.ap.org/2017/trump-100-days/"],"paragraphCount":11},"modified":1493584020,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"From Fox News to the Simpsons: Six Videos Recapping Trump's First 100 Days | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Fox News to the Simpsons: Six Videos Recapping Trump's First 100 Days","datePublished":"2017-04-27T21:50:29-07:00","dateModified":"2017-04-30T13:27:00-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-cnn-to-the-simpsons-five-video-takes-on-trumps-first-100-days","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/26745/from-cnn-to-the-simpsons-five-video-takes-on-trumps-first-100-days","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/AkE6S7jZafE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/AkE6S7jZafE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Alright, so this is admittedly a lazy post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday marks President Trump's 100th day in office, and I was gearing up to do a whole big thing on it. But, as it turns out, every other media outlet on the planet seems to have beat me to the punch. So I instead sorted through rubble and picked out a bunch of videos that I think nicely sum up Trump's track record thus far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Trump himself recently acknowledged, placing such significance on the first 100 days in the White House is a \"ridiculous standard.\" The ritual started with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who entered office in the midst of the Great Depression and pushed through an impressive torrent of policy measures in his first months that helped jump-start America's crippled economy. He took extraordinary measures to address extraordinary times, and therefore, using the same standard to evaluate the fledgling success of subsequent presidents is a bit of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/04/25/this-is-why-the-first-100-days-is-a-ridiculous-standard-for-judging-presidents/?utm_term=.bf3398171b5d\" target=\"_blank\">superficial construct\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as cliché as it's become, judging a new president's performance during this short time frame does give some indication of his (and likely one day, her) leadership skills and ability hit the ground running and start making good on campaign promises. Which is perhaps why Trump, as a candidate, talked so much about the ambitious agenda he planned for his first 100 days in office. It's also probably why he's continued to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/04/20/trumps-claim-that-no-administration-has-accomplished-more-in-the-first-90-days/?utm_term=.cfdfbd913cce\" target=\"_blank\">make hyperbolic claims\u003c/a> about his accomplishments during this period, even while decrying the convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let's face it, by most accounts -- liberal and conservative alike -- Trump's performance to date has been pretty underwhelming, at least compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sweeping list of \u003c/a>promises he made before taking office.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/cx70SuMMN5Y'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/cx70SuMMN5Y'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Traditionally, presidents have come into office on a wave of public goodwill and a mandate to lead. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and entered the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. And unlike his predecessors, he also came into office with absolutely no government experience, a fact that's become evident in the mounting number of rookie-move stumbles, infighting and embarrassing setbacks as his administration comes to grips with the harsh reality of Washington politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Trump has indisputably enjoyed a number of notable early accomplishments, including more than a dozen executive orders signed and the confirmation of conservative Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch (albeit with the help of a major rule-change maneuvered by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, making the confirmation vote filibuster-proof).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So without further ado, here's how a host of other media outlets have chosen to capture Trump's first 100 days. And scroll to the bottom of the post to explore the Associated Press' excellent interactive scorecard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Washington Post: By the Numbers\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.washingtonpost.com/video/c/embed/2e8b42bc-26b5-11e7-928e-3624539060e8\" width=\"650\" height=\"350\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fox News: The big challenges\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jD1x7jliixc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jD1x7jliixc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>New York Times: A 2 minute snapshot\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/uxSPNEYMMv8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/uxSPNEYMMv8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>And yes, even the Simpsons ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Qo3fT0xPeHs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Qo3fT0xPeHs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://interactives.ap.org/2017/trump-100-days/\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26745/from-cnn-to-the-simpsons-five-video-takes-on-trumps-first-100-days","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2585"],"featImg":"lowdown_24646","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_26324":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26324","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"26324","score":null,"sort":[1490336548000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1490336548,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Why Do Americans Have Such A Hard Time Agreeing on Health Care Reform?","title":"Why Do Americans Have Such A Hard Time Agreeing on Health Care Reform?","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/aa0XPCHksFk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite seven years or relentless attacks, two Supreme Court challenges and dozens of congressional efforts to kill it, the Affordable Care Act -- aka Obamacare -- has again lived to see another day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2016 election with Republicans in control of both the White House and Congress, President Obama's signature health care reform seemed all but doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, President Trump repeatedly pledged to dismantle the law, promising an alternative plan that would offer \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-promises-health-insurance-for-everybody/\">insurance for everybody\u003c/a>” all while dramatically cutting costs (although he stopped short of providing any firm details).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Messy business\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Things got a good deal messier after that. Repealing the ACA without a reasonable replacement would cause millions of Americans to lose their health coverage, a prospect that, as it turns out, a lot of people aren't too thrilled about. That was made abundantly clear when scores of irate constituents recently packed into Republican congressional town hall meetings across the country to air their grievances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, despite the ongoing, high profile barrage of attacks against the ACA, and the striking number of former Obama backers who voted for Trump -- a candidate who vowed to dismantle it -- support for the law is actually at \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/interactive/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-the-publics-views-on-the-aca/#?response=Favorable--Unfavorable&aRange=all\">the highest level it's been in years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Republicans have struggled mightily to figure out what an overhaul would actually look like. It’s a tall order, after all: guaranteeing health coverage for everyone doesn't exactly jive with the party's agenda to slash federal spending and dramatically reduce government’s role in managing the health care market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, the American Health Care Act, introduced by Republicans earlier this month, would have gotten rid of the individual mandate and replaced federal insurance subsidies with tax credits and block grants to states, among other major changes. In its \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52486\">analysis of the bill\u003c/a>, the Congressional Budget Office projected that while the proposal would indeed save billions of federal dollars, it would also result in 24 million more Americans without health insurance over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after big changes to the legislation, and a major push by President Trump and House Speaker Paul Ryan, the bill still failed to get enough Republican support in Congress to guarantee its passage (it was uniformly opposed by Democrats). Some moderates remained concerned it would cause too many of their constituents to lose health coverage, while a group of hardline conservatives opposed to big government argued that the bill was still too much like Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A House vote scheduled for Thursday -- on the ACA's seven year anniversary -- was postponed at the last minute. And by Friday, just before the vote was finally set to happen, Republican leaders \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/house-leaders-prepare-to-vote-friday-on-health-care-reform/2017/03/24/736f1cd6-1081-11e7-9d5a-a83e627dc120_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_desktop-tab-ledeblurb%3Ahomepage%2Fstory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scrapped the whole deal\u003c/a>, a major defeat for Trump and Ryan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obamacare is the law of the land,” Ryan conceded. “We’re going to be living with Obamacare for the foreseeable future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: \"Doing big things is hard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Uphill battle\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>But why so hard? Why can't Americans agree on a good national health care fix?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s safe to assume that just about everyone wants affordable health care. Yet, finding consensus on a plan we can all live always seems out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly every other high-income nation in the world has figured out a way to spend a lot less money than the U.S. does on health care, yet deliver high quality universal health care to their citizens. Countries can do this in a lot of different ways. In some systems, the government provides for all health care; others include a mix of government funding and private insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, when the World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ranked different countries' health care systems\u003c/a>, the U.S. landed in dismal 31\u003csup>st\u003c/sup> place -- despite spending more per capita than any country. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-29/u-s-health-care-system-ranks-as-one-of-the-least-efficient\">Other\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2015/oct/us-health-care-from-a-global-perspective\">studies\u003c/a> paint a similar picture of inefficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/09RvU9_m30Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the U.S., citizens have long been wary of government involvement in health care. Some of the skepticism is cultural, related to the American emphasis on individualism and self-sufficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of it has to do with support for organized labor, which has historically been much stronger in Europe than in the U.S., and health care is typically a key perk of union membership. Some of it is also a remnant of the Cold War, when many Americans began to worry that government involvement in health care was a big step toward socialism.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Truman's big push\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To begin to understand why the U.S. is such an outlier on the health care front, we need to go back to November 1945. That’s when President Harry Truman \u003ca href=\"https://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=483&st=&st1=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed \u003c/a>a new health insurance program that would cover all Americans. His plan would have made the government centrally involved in the provision of health care – a far more radical approach than that of the ACA, which for the most part just expands access to private insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26342 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg\" alt=\"Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px\" width=\"450\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg 450w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-160x119.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-240x179.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-375x280.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the late 1940s, President Harry S. Truman tried to pass a robust health care reform bill. Here, he's speaking to the 1949 Convention of the American Federation of Labor. (Courtesy of Free Speech Radio News Archive)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most Americans were initially receptive to Truman’s proposal, with nearly 60 percent in support, according to a Gallup Poll conducted after the president's address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate enthusiasm, though, worried the American Medical Association, which was then one of the country's richest and most influential lobbies, representing the business interests of doctors. A nationwide plan to make health care more affordable for patients would also make it less profitable for many private-practice doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\"Socialized medicine\"\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>And so the group quickly got to work on an ingenious ad campaign centered on two magic words: \"socialized medicine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few years, as Congress worked to craft a universal health care bill, the AMA invested in what was then the largest ad campaign in U.S. history, all aimed at convincing Americans to reject Truman's plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Would socialized medicine lead to socialization of other phases of American life?\" one pamphlet posited. \"Lenin thought so.He declared, 'Socialized medicine is the keystone to the arch of the socialist state.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The quote, by the way, was completely made up, but it stuck nonetheless.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the plan was introduced in Congress, Sen. Robert Taft, a conservative Republican from Ohio, interrupted his Democratic colleague, stating that the bill was \"the most socialistic measure this Congress has ever had before it.\" National health insurance, Taft suggested, came directly from the Soviet constitution. He then announced that Republicans would boycott the hearings, and promptly marched out of the Senate chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AMA continued to push the \"socialized medicine\" angle. In one editorial, the group warned that national health insurance would turn doctors into \"slaves.\" In a Tallahassee, Florida, hospital, doctors slipped political ads onto patients' breakfast trays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the 1950 midterm elections, the AMA spent more than $1 million on radio and TV ads -- far more than the government could spend to defend it. As one Truman ally ruefully noted, countering the AMA's ads was like \"trying to put out a forest fire with a sprinkling can.\" When the election results rolled in, Democrats lost nearly 30 seats in the House and five in the Senate. Public support for the proposal had also plummeted, dropping from 60 to 24 percent in just five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the prospect of national health insurance was dead, for the time being at least. Over the following decades, the AMA would go on to fight many more nationwide government health-related reform proposals, including Medicare – a battle it did not win, even with the star power of Ronald Reagan as its main spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Bejdhs3jGyw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1961 recording of then-actor Ronald Reagan was part of Operation Coffee Cup, part of an elaborate AMA effort to prevent Social Security funding going to health insurance for the elderly and the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort, of course, ultimately failed. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed into law the bill that created the Medicare and Medicaid federal health insurance programs for Americans ages 65 and up, regardless of income (and later expanded to include younger people with permanent disabilities) and low-income Americans. To this day, Medicare — that harbinger of “socialism” and destroyer of freedom that Reagan warned about— remains one of the most popular federal programs, approved by an overwhelming majority of Democrats \u003cem>and\u003c/em> Republicans..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2010, the AMA did an about-face and decided to support federal health reform -- thanks in part to a lot of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/312377/who-gave-us-obamacare\">behind-the-scenes horse-trading\u003c/a>. Today, the AMA's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/content/understanding-affordable-care-act\">website\u003c/a> refers to Obamacare as \"a tremendous step forward on the path toward meaningful health system reform.\" The group has implored Republicans not to repeal the ACA without offering an adequate replacement plan, and has come out against the Republicans' bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AMA, though, couldn't put the \"socialized medicine\" genie back in the bottle. The majority of Americans today might not know how the phrase originated, but many automatically consider anything linked to it \u003ca href=\"http://thefederalist.com/2016/07/15/obama-obamacare-didnt-work-so-lets-completely-socialize-medicine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an infringement of their rights.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"26324 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26324","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/03/23/why-is-american-health-care-reform-so-dang-controversial/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1541,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":35},"modified":1498093679,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"Why Do Americans Have Such A Hard Time Agreeing on Health Care Reform? | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Do Americans Have Such A Hard Time Agreeing on Health Care Reform?","datePublished":"2017-03-23T23:22:28-07:00","dateModified":"2017-06-21T18:07:59-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-is-american-health-care-reform-so-dang-controversial","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/26324/why-is-american-health-care-reform-so-dang-controversial","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aa0XPCHksFk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aa0XPCHksFk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite seven years or relentless attacks, two Supreme Court challenges and dozens of congressional efforts to kill it, the Affordable Care Act -- aka Obamacare -- has again lived to see another day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2016 election with Republicans in control of both the White House and Congress, President Obama's signature health care reform seemed all but doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, President Trump repeatedly pledged to dismantle the law, promising an alternative plan that would offer \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-promises-health-insurance-for-everybody/\">insurance for everybody\u003c/a>” all while dramatically cutting costs (although he stopped short of providing any firm details).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Messy business\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Things got a good deal messier after that. Repealing the ACA without a reasonable replacement would cause millions of Americans to lose their health coverage, a prospect that, as it turns out, a lot of people aren't too thrilled about. That was made abundantly clear when scores of irate constituents recently packed into Republican congressional town hall meetings across the country to air their grievances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, despite the ongoing, high profile barrage of attacks against the ACA, and the striking number of former Obama backers who voted for Trump -- a candidate who vowed to dismantle it -- support for the law is actually at \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/interactive/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-the-publics-views-on-the-aca/#?response=Favorable--Unfavorable&aRange=all\">the highest level it's been in years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Republicans have struggled mightily to figure out what an overhaul would actually look like. It’s a tall order, after all: guaranteeing health coverage for everyone doesn't exactly jive with the party's agenda to slash federal spending and dramatically reduce government’s role in managing the health care market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, the American Health Care Act, introduced by Republicans earlier this month, would have gotten rid of the individual mandate and replaced federal insurance subsidies with tax credits and block grants to states, among other major changes. In its \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52486\">analysis of the bill\u003c/a>, the Congressional Budget Office projected that while the proposal would indeed save billions of federal dollars, it would also result in 24 million more Americans without health insurance over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after big changes to the legislation, and a major push by President Trump and House Speaker Paul Ryan, the bill still failed to get enough Republican support in Congress to guarantee its passage (it was uniformly opposed by Democrats). Some moderates remained concerned it would cause too many of their constituents to lose health coverage, while a group of hardline conservatives opposed to big government argued that the bill was still too much like Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A House vote scheduled for Thursday -- on the ACA's seven year anniversary -- was postponed at the last minute. And by Friday, just before the vote was finally set to happen, Republican leaders \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/house-leaders-prepare-to-vote-friday-on-health-care-reform/2017/03/24/736f1cd6-1081-11e7-9d5a-a83e627dc120_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_desktop-tab-ledeblurb%3Ahomepage%2Fstory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scrapped the whole deal\u003c/a>, a major defeat for Trump and Ryan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obamacare is the law of the land,” Ryan conceded. “We’re going to be living with Obamacare for the foreseeable future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: \"Doing big things is hard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Uphill battle\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>But why so hard? Why can't Americans agree on a good national health care fix?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s safe to assume that just about everyone wants affordable health care. Yet, finding consensus on a plan we can all live always seems out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly every other high-income nation in the world has figured out a way to spend a lot less money than the U.S. does on health care, yet deliver high quality universal health care to their citizens. Countries can do this in a lot of different ways. In some systems, the government provides for all health care; others include a mix of government funding and private insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, when the World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ranked different countries' health care systems\u003c/a>, the U.S. landed in dismal 31\u003csup>st\u003c/sup> place -- despite spending more per capita than any country. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-29/u-s-health-care-system-ranks-as-one-of-the-least-efficient\">Other\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2015/oct/us-health-care-from-a-global-perspective\">studies\u003c/a> paint a similar picture of inefficiency.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/09RvU9_m30Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/09RvU9_m30Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>But in the U.S., citizens have long been wary of government involvement in health care. Some of the skepticism is cultural, related to the American emphasis on individualism and self-sufficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of it has to do with support for organized labor, which has historically been much stronger in Europe than in the U.S., and health care is typically a key perk of union membership. Some of it is also a remnant of the Cold War, when many Americans began to worry that government involvement in health care was a big step toward socialism.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Truman's big push\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To begin to understand why the U.S. is such an outlier on the health care front, we need to go back to November 1945. That’s when President Harry Truman \u003ca href=\"https://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=483&st=&st1=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed \u003c/a>a new health insurance program that would cover all Americans. His plan would have made the government centrally involved in the provision of health care – a far more radical approach than that of the ACA, which for the most part just expands access to private insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26342 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg\" alt=\"Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px\" width=\"450\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px.jpg 450w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-160x119.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-240x179.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Truman_HealthInsurancePlan_450px-375x280.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the late 1940s, President Harry S. Truman tried to pass a robust health care reform bill. Here, he's speaking to the 1949 Convention of the American Federation of Labor. (Courtesy of Free Speech Radio News Archive)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most Americans were initially receptive to Truman’s proposal, with nearly 60 percent in support, according to a Gallup Poll conducted after the president's address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate enthusiasm, though, worried the American Medical Association, which was then one of the country's richest and most influential lobbies, representing the business interests of doctors. A nationwide plan to make health care more affordable for patients would also make it less profitable for many private-practice doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\"Socialized medicine\"\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>And so the group quickly got to work on an ingenious ad campaign centered on two magic words: \"socialized medicine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few years, as Congress worked to craft a universal health care bill, the AMA invested in what was then the largest ad campaign in U.S. history, all aimed at convincing Americans to reject Truman's plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Would socialized medicine lead to socialization of other phases of American life?\" one pamphlet posited. \"Lenin thought so.He declared, 'Socialized medicine is the keystone to the arch of the socialist state.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The quote, by the way, was completely made up, but it stuck nonetheless.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the plan was introduced in Congress, Sen. Robert Taft, a conservative Republican from Ohio, interrupted his Democratic colleague, stating that the bill was \"the most socialistic measure this Congress has ever had before it.\" National health insurance, Taft suggested, came directly from the Soviet constitution. He then announced that Republicans would boycott the hearings, and promptly marched out of the Senate chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AMA continued to push the \"socialized medicine\" angle. In one editorial, the group warned that national health insurance would turn doctors into \"slaves.\" In a Tallahassee, Florida, hospital, doctors slipped political ads onto patients' breakfast trays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the 1950 midterm elections, the AMA spent more than $1 million on radio and TV ads -- far more than the government could spend to defend it. As one Truman ally ruefully noted, countering the AMA's ads was like \"trying to put out a forest fire with a sprinkling can.\" When the election results rolled in, Democrats lost nearly 30 seats in the House and five in the Senate. Public support for the proposal had also plummeted, dropping from 60 to 24 percent in just five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the prospect of national health insurance was dead, for the time being at least. Over the following decades, the AMA would go on to fight many more nationwide government health-related reform proposals, including Medicare – a battle it did not win, even with the star power of Ronald Reagan as its main spokesman.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Bejdhs3jGyw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Bejdhs3jGyw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The 1961 recording of then-actor Ronald Reagan was part of Operation Coffee Cup, part of an elaborate AMA effort to prevent Social Security funding going to health insurance for the elderly and the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort, of course, ultimately failed. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed into law the bill that created the Medicare and Medicaid federal health insurance programs for Americans ages 65 and up, regardless of income (and later expanded to include younger people with permanent disabilities) and low-income Americans. To this day, Medicare — that harbinger of “socialism” and destroyer of freedom that Reagan warned about— remains one of the most popular federal programs, approved by an overwhelming majority of Democrats \u003cem>and\u003c/em> Republicans..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2010, the AMA did an about-face and decided to support federal health reform -- thanks in part to a lot of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/312377/who-gave-us-obamacare\">behind-the-scenes horse-trading\u003c/a>. Today, the AMA's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/content/understanding-affordable-care-act\">website\u003c/a> refers to Obamacare as \"a tremendous step forward on the path toward meaningful health system reform.\" The group has implored Republicans not to repeal the ACA without offering an adequate replacement plan, and has come out against the Republicans' bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AMA, though, couldn't put the \"socialized medicine\" genie back in the bottle. The majority of Americans today might not know how the phrase originated, but many automatically consider anything linked to it \u003ca href=\"http://thefederalist.com/2016/07/15/obama-obamacare-didnt-work-so-lets-completely-socialize-medicine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an infringement of their rights.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26324/why-is-american-health-care-reform-so-dang-controversial","authors":["8628","1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2409","lowdown_1","lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_145","lowdown_2337","lowdown_144","lowdown_142"],"featImg":"lowdown_19242","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_24867":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_24867","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"24867","score":null,"sort":[1489705220000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1489705220,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"MAP: Trump's Global Conflicts of Interest","title":"MAP: Trump's Global Conflicts of Interest","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is an updated version of an article originally published Feb. 16.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows many (but not all) of President Trump's business ventures around the world that could create potential conflicts of interest. The information is based directly on data gathered by Bloomberg in their excellent \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/tracking-trumps-web-of-conflicts/\" target=\"_blank\">investigation\u003c/a> tracking Trump's \"web of conflicts.\" Click on each property or highlighted country for more on the specific business ties and problems they could present. Where there are several properties in close proximity (as with New York and Washington, D.C.), it may be nexessary to zoom in on that region to see each one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/71248550-f49e-11e6-896e-0e3ebc282e83/embed\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/tracking-trumps-web-of-conflicts/\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg Politics; \"Tracking Trump's Web of Conflicts\"\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a real estate tycoon, President Trump amassed a huge fortune by slapping his name on a multitude of hotels, condominiums and golf courses scattered across five continents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's vast international business ties -- which include joint investments, licensing agreements and large outstanding debts -- have the potential to create serious conflicts of interest if they in any way influence the decisions he makes as president, especially in his dealings with foreign governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump officially stepped down from his role as the head of his company, he's refused to fall in line with his predecessors and \u003ca href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/divestiture.asp\" target=\"_blank\">divest\u003c/a> from his signature properties and brands. Instead, Trump announced at a Jan. 11 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/11/us/politics/trump-press-conference-transcript.html\" target=\"_blank\">news conference \u003c/a>that he would hand over management to his two sons and his chief financial officer, giving them \"complete and total\" control, insisting that \"they’re not going to discuss it with me.\" He also said he would take a series of steps to avoid potential ethical conflicts, such as terminating all pending deals and not entering into any new international agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/TSDC7CCyeGY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a growing number of government watchdogs, including the head of the Office of Government Ethics, insist that this loose arrangement raises serious ethical concerns. Trump’s plan is “meaningless from a conflicts-of-interest perspective,” OGE director Walter Shaub \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRizeOS2zx8&feature=youtu.be&t=24m4s\" target=\"_blank\">said in January\u003c/a>. \"Nothing short of divestiture will resolve these conflicts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaub noted that all presidents since Jimmy Carter in 1978 had either established a blind trust run by independent trustees or invested only in non-conflicting assets, such diversified mutual funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2017/live-updates/trump-white-house/confirmation-hearings-trump-speaks-and-vote-a-rama-analysis-and-updates/fact-check-trumps-claim-that-the-president-cant-have-a-conflict-of-interest/?utm_term=.f77b8ed57fcf\" target=\"_blank\">counters that he's\u003c/a> not required to do any of this, arguing that presidents are not subject to the same financial rules as members of Congress or even members of their own Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/11/us/politics/fact-check-trump-press-conference.html\" target=\"_blank\">This claim is technically true\u003c/a>. The president and vice president are exempt from conflict-of-interest provisions that apply to other federal employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law’s totally on my side, meaning, the president can’t have a conflict of interest,\" he \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/us/politics/trump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=b-lede-package-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">told the New York Times\u003c/a> shortly after his election victory in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some legal experts, however, argue that the loose business arrangement he's set up with his sons could very well create a situation that violates the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/page/article-i-section-9\" target=\"_blank\">Emoluments Clause\u003c/a>\" of the Constitution, which bars U.S. officials from receiving gifts from foreign governments. The extent of this provision is debatable, but it could potentially apply if, for instance, foreign officials paid to stay at his hotels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/01/us/politics/trump-conflict-of-interests.html\" target=\"_blank\">This New York Times graphic\u003c/a> illustrates what some of these potential conflicts would look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"summary-text\">Trump has also refused to release his tax returns, breaking decades-old presidential protocol dating back to Richard Nixon. The lack of transparency leaves many questions about how much money he actually has, what he owes and who he owes it to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of what is known about Trump's finances comes from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/18/us/politics/trump-financial-disclosure.html\" target=\"_blank\">financial disclosure form \u003c/a>that all presidential candidates are required to file. But that reveals far less information than his tax returns would. On March 14, MSNBC's Rachel Maddow detailed -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow/watch/exclusive-look-at-trump-s-2005-tax-return-898054723694\" target=\"_blank\">with great fanfare\u003c/a> -- two pages of Trump's 2005 returns that had been leaked anonymously. But while the limited documentation did show that Trump had indeed paid income taxes that year, they revealed little else of much significance. \u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"24867 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=24867","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/03/16/map-trumps-potential-conflicts-of-interest-around-the-world/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":672,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/71248550-f49e-11e6-896e-0e3ebc282e83/embed"],"paragraphCount":17},"modified":1493061733,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"MAP: Trump's Global Conflicts of Interest | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"MAP: Trump's Global Conflicts of Interest","datePublished":"2017-03-16T16:00:20-07:00","dateModified":"2017-04-24T12:22:13-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"map-trumps-potential-conflicts-of-interest-around-the-world","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/24867/map-trumps-potential-conflicts-of-interest-around-the-world","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is an updated version of an article originally published Feb. 16.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows many (but not all) of President Trump's business ventures around the world that could create potential conflicts of interest. The information is based directly on data gathered by Bloomberg in their excellent \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/tracking-trumps-web-of-conflicts/\" target=\"_blank\">investigation\u003c/a> tracking Trump's \"web of conflicts.\" Click on each property or highlighted country for more on the specific business ties and problems they could present. Where there are several properties in close proximity (as with New York and Washington, D.C.), it may be nexessary to zoom in on that region to see each one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/71248550-f49e-11e6-896e-0e3ebc282e83/embed\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/tracking-trumps-web-of-conflicts/\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg Politics; \"Tracking Trump's Web of Conflicts\"\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a real estate tycoon, President Trump amassed a huge fortune by slapping his name on a multitude of hotels, condominiums and golf courses scattered across five continents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's vast international business ties -- which include joint investments, licensing agreements and large outstanding debts -- have the potential to create serious conflicts of interest if they in any way influence the decisions he makes as president, especially in his dealings with foreign governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump officially stepped down from his role as the head of his company, he's refused to fall in line with his predecessors and \u003ca href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/divestiture.asp\" target=\"_blank\">divest\u003c/a> from his signature properties and brands. Instead, Trump announced at a Jan. 11 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/11/us/politics/trump-press-conference-transcript.html\" target=\"_blank\">news conference \u003c/a>that he would hand over management to his two sons and his chief financial officer, giving them \"complete and total\" control, insisting that \"they’re not going to discuss it with me.\" He also said he would take a series of steps to avoid potential ethical conflicts, such as terminating all pending deals and not entering into any new international agreements.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/TSDC7CCyeGY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/TSDC7CCyeGY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>But a growing number of government watchdogs, including the head of the Office of Government Ethics, insist that this loose arrangement raises serious ethical concerns. Trump’s plan is “meaningless from a conflicts-of-interest perspective,” OGE director Walter Shaub \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRizeOS2zx8&feature=youtu.be&t=24m4s\" target=\"_blank\">said in January\u003c/a>. \"Nothing short of divestiture will resolve these conflicts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaub noted that all presidents since Jimmy Carter in 1978 had either established a blind trust run by independent trustees or invested only in non-conflicting assets, such diversified mutual funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2017/live-updates/trump-white-house/confirmation-hearings-trump-speaks-and-vote-a-rama-analysis-and-updates/fact-check-trumps-claim-that-the-president-cant-have-a-conflict-of-interest/?utm_term=.f77b8ed57fcf\" target=\"_blank\">counters that he's\u003c/a> not required to do any of this, arguing that presidents are not subject to the same financial rules as members of Congress or even members of their own Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/11/us/politics/fact-check-trump-press-conference.html\" target=\"_blank\">This claim is technically true\u003c/a>. The president and vice president are exempt from conflict-of-interest provisions that apply to other federal employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law’s totally on my side, meaning, the president can’t have a conflict of interest,\" he \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/us/politics/trump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=b-lede-package-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">told the New York Times\u003c/a> shortly after his election victory in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some legal experts, however, argue that the loose business arrangement he's set up with his sons could very well create a situation that violates the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/page/article-i-section-9\" target=\"_blank\">Emoluments Clause\u003c/a>\" of the Constitution, which bars U.S. officials from receiving gifts from foreign governments. The extent of this provision is debatable, but it could potentially apply if, for instance, foreign officials paid to stay at his hotels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/01/us/politics/trump-conflict-of-interests.html\" target=\"_blank\">This New York Times graphic\u003c/a> illustrates what some of these potential conflicts would look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"summary-text\">Trump has also refused to release his tax returns, breaking decades-old presidential protocol dating back to Richard Nixon. The lack of transparency leaves many questions about how much money he actually has, what he owes and who he owes it to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of what is known about Trump's finances comes from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/18/us/politics/trump-financial-disclosure.html\" target=\"_blank\">financial disclosure form \u003c/a>that all presidential candidates are required to file. But that reveals far less information than his tax returns would. On March 14, MSNBC's Rachel Maddow detailed -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow/watch/exclusive-look-at-trump-s-2005-tax-return-898054723694\" target=\"_blank\">with great fanfare\u003c/a> -- two pages of Trump's 2005 returns that had been leaked anonymously. But while the limited documentation did show that Trump had indeed paid income taxes that year, they revealed little else of much significance. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/24867/map-trumps-potential-conflicts-of-interest-around-the-world","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_2592","lowdown_2337","lowdown_2555"],"featImg":"lowdown_26256","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_25716":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_25716","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"25716","score":null,"sort":[1487141465000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1487141465,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"California Versus Trump: Get Ready to Rumble (with Lesson Plan)","title":"California Versus Trump: Get Ready to Rumble (with Lesson Plan)","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\"> \n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>When the President of the United States is friendlier with Russia than he is with the State of California, you know we're in uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump and the Golden State have made their mutual distaste for each other abundantly clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters resoundingly rejected Trump; Hillary Clinton won the state by more than 4 million votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Trump-vs.-California-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: California in the Age of Trump (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next Tuesday (2/21/17): History of U.S. refugee policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A solid majority of California political leaders and residents have since vowed to resist key parts of the administration's mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning after the election, California Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles) and state Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Paramount) \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2016-11-09-joint-statement-california-legislative-leaders-result-presidential-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a joint statement \u003c/a>expressing as much:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today, we woke up feeling like strangers in a foreign land, because yesterday Americans expressed their views on a pluralistic and democratic society that are clearly inconsistent with the values of the people of California ... By a margin in the millions, Californians overwhelmingly rejected politics fueled by resentment, bigotry, and misogyny.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in an impassioned State of the State address on Jan. 24, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/24/live-brown-delivers-california-state-of-the-state-address/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged war\u003c/a> against the Trump administration's policies, citing the state's leadership on key issues like climate change, women's rights and immigration. \"California is not turning back, not now, not ever,\" he declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, in turn, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-trump-bill-to-make-california-a-1486330796-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently said\u003c/a> that \"California in many ways is out of control\" (although he didn't specify why). He's repeatedly threatened to withhold federal funds -- his \"weapon\" of choice --if the state or its cities defy his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rift is hardly surprising. California, where more than one in 10 Americans call home, has long been a Democratic stronghold. The party gained a supermajority in the state Legislature this November. With a Democratic governor at the helm, that makes the state one of only six Democratic \"trifectas\" in the country. And that puts it in a reasonably strong position to resist some of Trump's mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-25738 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png\" alt=\"Cal_Overview\" width=\"1437\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png 1437w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-160x78.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-800x392.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-768x376.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-1020x500.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-1180x578.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-960x470.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-240x118.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-375x184.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-520x255.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1437px) 100vw, 1437px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Secretary of State \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/prior-elections/statewide-election-results/general-election-november-8-2016/statement-vote/\" target=\"_blank\">Source: California Secretary of State\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The economic cost of resistance, though, could be steep (although it's entirely unclear if Trump will follow through on his threat to defund the state, and if doing so is even legal).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California relies on federal funding to help support a wide range of programs, including health care, education and infrastructure. Over a third of the current \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/federal-funds-comprise-one-third-californias-state-budget-supporting-broad-range-public-services-systems/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> state budget\u003c/a> -- close to $96 billion -- comes from Washington, according to to the California Budget and Policy Center. State residents also receive over $200 billion each year in federal benefits like Medicare (health care for the elderly) and Social Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Funding.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Funding.png\" alt=\"Cal_Funding\" width=\"1437\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Budget and Policy Center; California Department of Finance\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time though, California is actually less dependent on federal funding than most other states. It has the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-economy-idUSKCN0Z32K2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixth largest economy\u003c/a> in the world, generating more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/15databk.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$400 billion\u003c/a> in tax revenue in 2015 alone. It's among only a handful of states that \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/02/06/california-and-president-trump-are-going-to-war-with-each-other/?utm_term=.88f12eccea0e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gives the federal government \u003c/a>more money than it takes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How can California fight back?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Yes, there is an effort underway to get\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-measures/initiative-and-referendum-status/initiatives-referenda-cleared-circulation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a measure \u003c/a>on the 2018 state ballot for California to flat-out secede from United States (a prospect that one-third of the state's residents say they'd be in favor of, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article128316519.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one recent poll\u003c/a>). But the likelihood of a \"Calexit\" is, well, pretty much nonexistent. Sorry guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the state's most realistic line of defense is to sue the Trump administration. California's new attorney general, Xavier Becerra, is an outspoken critic of Trump's policies, and appears ready and willing to take the administration to court, if need be. He'll also have the support of Eric Holder, the former U.S. attorney general under President Obama, who the state Legislature \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-legislature-eric-holder-donald-trump-20170104-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently hired\u003c/a> to provide legal muscle in the expected court battles to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state can challenge the federal government in court if it finds laws or actions unconstitutional or an overreach of power. The Republican-controlled state of Texas (which has also intermittently flirted with the idea of secession),\u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2017/01/17/texas-federal-government-lawsuits/%20target=\"> sued\u003c/a> the Obama administration at least 48 times (and won seven lawsuits) on issues like immigration, the environment and a host of social issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hinting that California was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article129921589.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gearing up \u003c/a> to challenge Trump's controversial actions on immigration, Becerra recently said: \"I'm not interested in the president of the United States sucker punching the people of California. That's how I feel, so that's how I'll act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is an overview of four major areas -- immigration, health care, economy/trade, energy/environment -- where Democratic lawmakers and citizens are focusing their efforts against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/immigration_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/immigration_CAL.png\" alt=\"immigration_CAL\" width=\"1000\" height=\"919\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Public Policy Institute of California, Pew Research Center; Migration Policy Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump made \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/policies/immigration/?/positions/immigration-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough immigration policy \u003c/a> one of the cornerstones of his presidential campaign. As the Republican nominee, he promised to crack down on illegal immigration, accusing undocumented immigrants of stealing jobs from U.S. citizens, straining public resources and jeopardizing national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as president, Trump has softened his \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-elect-trump-says-how-many-immigrants-hell-deport/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> hard-line pledge\u003c/a> to deport all of the 11.3 million estimated undocumented immigrants living in the United States, he's quickly tried to follow through on various other hard-line campaign promises. Within his first week in office, he signed an order to begin construction of a U.S.-Mexico border wall, defund sanctuary cities, beef up immigration enforcement and expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants to be targeted for deportation. In his second week, he issued another even more incendiary order temporarily banning travelers from seven terror-prone countries and suspending the U.S. refugee program (key parts of this order were halted by a federal court in early February).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although state governments generally have little control over federal immigration policy and enforcement, Democratic lawmakers in California are promising to provide a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/22/politics/california-immigration-donald-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong line of defense \u003c/a> for undocumented state residents facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposed state bills focus on providing funding for free legal assistance and training for lawyers to better defend undocumented immigrants. Currently, less than 40 percent of immigrants facing deportation have \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/access_to_counsel_in_immigration_court.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> legal counsel, \u003c/a>according to the left-leaning American Immigration Council.\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/access_to_counsel_in_immigration_court.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a> Another proposed state bill would establish \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-senate-leader-proposes-safe-zones-at-1481144070-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \"safe zones\" \u003c/a> prohibiting immigration enforcement in public spaces such as schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at stake is federal funding for so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a> that don't fully comply with federal immigration enforcement efforts. Major cities with sanctuary policies include San Francisco, Los Angeles and Oakland -- in addition, California passed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_4_bill_20130916_enrolled.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statewide bill\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of Trump's threat to defund these jurisdictions, most of California's sanctuary cities have reaffirmed their commitment to such policies. San Francisco became the first city to sue the administration, charging that denying funding over policy disagreements is a violation of the 10th Amendment. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sites/default/files/Statement-of-Principles-in-Support-of-Undocumented-Members-of-UC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> University of California\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/california-university-leader-promises-safe-campuses-for-undocumented-students-7618087\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California State University\u003c/a> have also issued statements pledging not to cooperate with federal enforcement authorities and to continue admitting eligible students regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/healthcare_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/healthcare_CAL.png\" alt=\"healthcare_CAL\" width=\"1437\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act (ACA) -- popularly known as Obamacare -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it's still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2016/03/03/20-million-people-have-gained-health-insurance-coverage-because-affordable-care-act-new-estimates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 million \u003c/a> more Americans now have some form of health coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is strongly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> opposed to the ACA\u003c/a> and has pledged to \"repeal and replace\" it. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/15/politics/tom-price-save-republicans-obamacare-mess/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Price\u003c/a>, Trump's recently confirmed Health and Human Services Secretary, calls the law \"stifling and oppressive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although House Republicans have already voted to take the first steps toward repeal and Trump has already signed an executive order (largely symbolic) to limit \"burdens of the Affordable Care Act,\" a replacement plan is still unclear. Proposals include restoring \"free market principles\" by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, changing federal aid to \"block grants,\" and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump has also argued that deporting undocumented immigrants would \"relieve health care cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be difficult to completely repeal the law; it would require 60 votes in the U.S. Senate, including the support of at least eight Democrats. More likely, the law will be picked apart piece by piece. Certain portions, such as allowing children to stay on their parents' policies until the age of 26 and requiring insurance companies to offer plans to those with existing conditions, have broad public support and are less likely to be slashed from the ACA. However, the Republican-controlled Congress will most likely reduce federal funding for state exchanges (such as Covered California) and Medicaid (Medi-Cal in California), a program for the poor and elderly, which provides health insurance for nearly one in three statewide, including undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Californians are covered under their employer-sponsored health care programs. However, nearly 5 million are newly covered under the ACA. Since the law went into effect in 2014, California has signed up more people for the program than any other state in the nation. At stake is $20.5 billion in federal funding -- $15.5 billion for Medi-Cal and $5 billion in Covered California subsidies. Drastic reductions in federal funding would almost certainly deal a huge blow to the level of coverage and number of insured Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals who currently buy insurance through Covered California are already seeing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/19/486613011/covered-californias-health-plan-rates-to-jump-sharply-in-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> spike\u003c/a> in monthly premiums -- just over \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/18/why-obamacare-covered-california-premiums-going-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 13 percent on average\u003c/a> -- due to expiring federal funding programs and rising medical costs. The impact of these increases on enrollment numbers is still unclear. However, the Urban Institute, a Washington think tank, predicts that 7.5 million Californians will be uninsured by 2021 if the ACA is repealed -- nearly double the number than if the law remains in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's 2017 enrollment numbers will be released in March, but nationally an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/02/10/us/politics/ap-us-health-overhaul-sign-ups.html\">12.2 million\u003c/a> have signed up so far this year despite threats to discontinue the ACA. A clear majority of those enrolled - nearly 64 percent - live in states that Trump won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the outlook is not rosy, Democratic lawmakers say they will examine \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/ask-emily/article114059303.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> state budgeting tools\u003c/a> to fill federal funding gaps, and that they are committed to keeping health care affordable for all Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>ECONOMY/TRADE\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25799\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png\" alt=\"Source: World Bank; California Employment Development Department\" width=\"1000\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-160x80.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-800x401.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-768x385.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-960x481.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-240x120.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-375x188.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-520x261.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: World Bank; California Employment Development Department\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The national economy is officially rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, and employment rates continue to rise. However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that's contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor. Wealth inequality in the U.S. is now at near record highs, with about 90 percent of wealth owned by the top 0.1 percent of families, according to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/13/us-wealth-inequality-top-01-worth-as-much-as-the-bottom-90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> economic research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to public pressure, a number of states have recently raised their minimum wages, even as the federal minimum wage has been stuck at $7.25 since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's \"America First\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-economic-plan-winning-the-global-competition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> economic plan\u003c/a> includes ways to simplify the tax code, increase trade enforcement with Mexico and China and strike down federal agency regulations, which he describes as \"the anchor dragging us down.\" The president has consistently appealed to \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> big business\u003c/a>, pledging to slash the top tax rate on corporations by more than half\u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Republican presidential primary, Trump advocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/?utm_term=.03fd239f9e53\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strongly against\u003c/a> raising the federal minimum wage, but has since shifted his position. More recently, he suggested it should be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it's an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump railed against international trade deals, which he claimed has hurt U.S. workers and sent more jobs overseas. So far, President Trump seem to be sticking to his campaign pledges to withdraw from or renegotiate these agreements. During his first week in office, he signed an executive order formally withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a trade deal orchestrated by President Obama that would have lowered tariffs on imports and exports among the U.S. and 11 other Pacific Rim nations. He also promised to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians are paying \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-trump-risk-california-economy-20161206-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> close attention\u003c/a> to the president's proposals to redraw trade agreements. The state economy is heavily tied to markets in Asia and Central America, and more than 40 percent of all U.S. imports come through California's ports in Long Beach and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some economists have predicted that trade agreements that boost U.S. exports, as the TPP proposes to do, could lead to significant job creation in wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing sectors. However, policies that increase taxes on goods made abroad -- particularly those in China and Mexico -- could potentially hurt many California businesses involved in logistics and trade. Trump has threatened a 35 percent tax on cars and parts from Mexico and a 45 percent tariff on Chinese products. (His spokesperson also recently suggested a 20 percent tax on Mexican imports in order to fund the border wall).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's tough immigration policies may also have unintended consequences for the agriculture industry, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-anderson-forecast-new-economy-under-new-administration-trumponomics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> UCLA report\u003c/a>. About half of all agriculture workers in the state are undocumented immigrants. Deporting a portion of the workforce would likely increase the cost of fruits and vegetables nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite inaction at the federal level, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/01/04/raising-the-minimum-wage-how-millions-of-workers-started-2017-with-a-bigger-paycheck-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California's minimum wage\u003c/a> was raised to $10.50 in 2017 and is slated to reach $15 by 2022. The federal minimum wage is likely to remain at or close to its current level under the Trump administration, which some argue puts businesses in California at a competitive disadvantage. However, state leaders maintain they are committed to providing living wages to all Californians. In fact, some cities, like Los Angeles and San Francisco, have passed laws to raise the minimum wage to $15, ahead of the state's schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/environment_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/environment_CAL.png\" alt=\"environment_CAL\" width=\"1000\" height=\"501\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California EPA Air Resources Board & California Energy Commission\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world's largest carbon emitters. At the 2015 United Nations climate change conference in Paris, the Obama administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation's carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> ahead of his final week in office, Obama urged the incoming administration not to walk away from the Paris agreement: \"Were the United States to step away from Paris, it would lose its seat at the table to hold other countries to their commitments, demand transparency, and encourage ambition,\" \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/01/06/science.aam6284.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he wrote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Globally, 2016 was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-on-record-globally\">hottest year\u003c/a> on record, the third year in a row of record-setting global average surface temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump has \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> disputed\u003c/a> the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. He has called global warming a \"hoax\" and a \"pseudoscience\" invented by America's global competitors to stifle U.S. economic growth. As spelled out in his \"America First Energy Plan,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he plans\u003c/a> to renegotiate Obama's carbon reduction strategy, revive coal mining and other carbon-intensive industries and withdraw from the Paris agreement. As of the Trump administration's first day in office, any mention of climate change has been removed from the White House website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's nomination of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/12/08/pruitt-trumps-epa-pick-has-both-sides-of-climate-divide-girding-for-a-major-fight/?utm_term=.581ff7d7a795\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a well-known climate change denier and state attorney general with a history of lawsuits against the EPA, has environmental activists preparing for battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's recently confirmed Secretary of State \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/12/10/who-is-rex-tillerson-the-exxonmobil-chairman-who-may-become-secretary-of-state/?utm_term=.3e274e1811e1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rex Tillerson\u003c/a>, has also given environmentalists serious cause for concern. He is, after all, the former chief executive of ExxonMobile, the largest oil and gas company in the world that's not exactly known for its pristine environmental record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, under Tillerson's leadership, the company publicly embraced the scientific consensus that climate change is linked to human activity, proposed some solutions to address the problem and issued a statement in support of the Paris agreement. And during Tillerson's January confirmation hearing, he acknowledged the validity of climate science and said he supported sticking with the Paris agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown has emerged as a national and global figure in the fight to combat climate change. In response to rumors that President Trump's administration may eliminate funding for earth-science programs, including NASA satellites that provide important data for climate change research, Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ca-gov-jerry-brown-california-could-launch-its-own-damn-satellite-2016-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> recently proclaimed\u003c/a>, \"If Trump turns off the satellites, California will launch its own damn satellite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has extensive programs that aim to reduce carbon emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels and increase \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/renewable.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> renewable energy use\u003c/a> to 50 percent of total generation by 2030. California's environmental regulations have historically exceeded national standards and set the benchmarks for federal policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/12/12/if-trump-wont-can-california-sign-the-international-climate-treaty/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> backs out\u003c/a> of the Paris agreement, as President Trump has promised to do, California lawmakers would not be able to sign the agreement as a separate entity. The state would likely be challenged in court if it attempted to circumvent national foreign policy. However, Brown has signed the state on to its own climate movement, \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/background/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, an international pact to slash carbon emissions with even more ambitious emission reduction goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the state's environmental groups and the scientific community are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/26/us/california-climate-change-jerry-brown-donald-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> more concerned\u003c/a> the Trump administration may reduce funds for important research facilities, and cut federal regulations on emissions and vehicle fuel standards. Some business groups are worried that removing federal environmental protections may put California at a competitive disadvantage if other states choose to opt out of climate change policies or environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, California's political leaders remain optimistic and committed to leading the national and global campaigns to stop climate change. According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ca-gov-jerry-brown-california-could-launch-its-own-damn-satellite-2016-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gov. Brown\u003c/a>, \"We've got the scientists, we've got the lawyers, and we're ready to fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"25716 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=25716","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/02/14/california-versus-trump-with-lesson-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":3111,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":65},"modified":1538178383,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"California Versus Trump: Get Ready to Rumble (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Versus Trump: Get Ready to Rumble (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-02-14T22:51:05-08:00","dateModified":"2018-09-28T16:46:23-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-versus-trump-with-lesson-plan","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/25716/california-versus-trump-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\"> \n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>When the President of the United States is friendlier with Russia than he is with the State of California, you know we're in uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump and the Golden State have made their mutual distaste for each other abundantly clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters resoundingly rejected Trump; Hillary Clinton won the state by more than 4 million votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Trump-vs.-California-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: California in the Age of Trump (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next Tuesday (2/21/17): History of U.S. refugee policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A solid majority of California political leaders and residents have since vowed to resist key parts of the administration's mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning after the election, California Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles) and state Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Paramount) \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2016-11-09-joint-statement-california-legislative-leaders-result-presidential-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a joint statement \u003c/a>expressing as much:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today, we woke up feeling like strangers in a foreign land, because yesterday Americans expressed their views on a pluralistic and democratic society that are clearly inconsistent with the values of the people of California ... By a margin in the millions, Californians overwhelmingly rejected politics fueled by resentment, bigotry, and misogyny.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in an impassioned State of the State address on Jan. 24, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/24/live-brown-delivers-california-state-of-the-state-address/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged war\u003c/a> against the Trump administration's policies, citing the state's leadership on key issues like climate change, women's rights and immigration. \"California is not turning back, not now, not ever,\" he declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, in turn, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-trump-bill-to-make-california-a-1486330796-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently said\u003c/a> that \"California in many ways is out of control\" (although he didn't specify why). He's repeatedly threatened to withhold federal funds -- his \"weapon\" of choice --if the state or its cities defy his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rift is hardly surprising. California, where more than one in 10 Americans call home, has long been a Democratic stronghold. The party gained a supermajority in the state Legislature this November. With a Democratic governor at the helm, that makes the state one of only six Democratic \"trifectas\" in the country. And that puts it in a reasonably strong position to resist some of Trump's mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-25738 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png\" alt=\"Cal_Overview\" width=\"1437\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png 1437w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-160x78.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-800x392.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-768x376.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-1020x500.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-1180x578.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-960x470.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-240x118.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-375x184.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-520x255.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1437px) 100vw, 1437px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Secretary of State \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/prior-elections/statewide-election-results/general-election-november-8-2016/statement-vote/\" target=\"_blank\">Source: California Secretary of State\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The economic cost of resistance, though, could be steep (although it's entirely unclear if Trump will follow through on his threat to defund the state, and if doing so is even legal).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California relies on federal funding to help support a wide range of programs, including health care, education and infrastructure. Over a third of the current \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/federal-funds-comprise-one-third-californias-state-budget-supporting-broad-range-public-services-systems/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> state budget\u003c/a> -- close to $96 billion -- comes from Washington, according to to the California Budget and Policy Center. State residents also receive over $200 billion each year in federal benefits like Medicare (health care for the elderly) and Social Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Funding.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Funding.png\" alt=\"Cal_Funding\" width=\"1437\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Budget and Policy Center; California Department of Finance\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time though, California is actually less dependent on federal funding than most other states. It has the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-economy-idUSKCN0Z32K2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixth largest economy\u003c/a> in the world, generating more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/15databk.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$400 billion\u003c/a> in tax revenue in 2015 alone. It's among only a handful of states that \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/02/06/california-and-president-trump-are-going-to-war-with-each-other/?utm_term=.88f12eccea0e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gives the federal government \u003c/a>more money than it takes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How can California fight back?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Yes, there is an effort underway to get\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-measures/initiative-and-referendum-status/initiatives-referenda-cleared-circulation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a measure \u003c/a>on the 2018 state ballot for California to flat-out secede from United States (a prospect that one-third of the state's residents say they'd be in favor of, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article128316519.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one recent poll\u003c/a>). But the likelihood of a \"Calexit\" is, well, pretty much nonexistent. Sorry guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the state's most realistic line of defense is to sue the Trump administration. California's new attorney general, Xavier Becerra, is an outspoken critic of Trump's policies, and appears ready and willing to take the administration to court, if need be. He'll also have the support of Eric Holder, the former U.S. attorney general under President Obama, who the state Legislature \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-legislature-eric-holder-donald-trump-20170104-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently hired\u003c/a> to provide legal muscle in the expected court battles to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state can challenge the federal government in court if it finds laws or actions unconstitutional or an overreach of power. The Republican-controlled state of Texas (which has also intermittently flirted with the idea of secession),\u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2017/01/17/texas-federal-government-lawsuits/%20target=\"> sued\u003c/a> the Obama administration at least 48 times (and won seven lawsuits) on issues like immigration, the environment and a host of social issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hinting that California was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article129921589.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gearing up \u003c/a> to challenge Trump's controversial actions on immigration, Becerra recently said: \"I'm not interested in the president of the United States sucker punching the people of California. That's how I feel, so that's how I'll act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is an overview of four major areas -- immigration, health care, economy/trade, energy/environment -- where Democratic lawmakers and citizens are focusing their efforts against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/immigration_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/immigration_CAL.png\" alt=\"immigration_CAL\" width=\"1000\" height=\"919\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Public Policy Institute of California, Pew Research Center; Migration Policy Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump made \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/policies/immigration/?/positions/immigration-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough immigration policy \u003c/a> one of the cornerstones of his presidential campaign. As the Republican nominee, he promised to crack down on illegal immigration, accusing undocumented immigrants of stealing jobs from U.S. citizens, straining public resources and jeopardizing national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as president, Trump has softened his \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-elect-trump-says-how-many-immigrants-hell-deport/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> hard-line pledge\u003c/a> to deport all of the 11.3 million estimated undocumented immigrants living in the United States, he's quickly tried to follow through on various other hard-line campaign promises. Within his first week in office, he signed an order to begin construction of a U.S.-Mexico border wall, defund sanctuary cities, beef up immigration enforcement and expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants to be targeted for deportation. In his second week, he issued another even more incendiary order temporarily banning travelers from seven terror-prone countries and suspending the U.S. refugee program (key parts of this order were halted by a federal court in early February).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although state governments generally have little control over federal immigration policy and enforcement, Democratic lawmakers in California are promising to provide a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/22/politics/california-immigration-donald-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong line of defense \u003c/a> for undocumented state residents facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposed state bills focus on providing funding for free legal assistance and training for lawyers to better defend undocumented immigrants. Currently, less than 40 percent of immigrants facing deportation have \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/access_to_counsel_in_immigration_court.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> legal counsel, \u003c/a>according to the left-leaning American Immigration Council.\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/access_to_counsel_in_immigration_court.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a> Another proposed state bill would establish \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-senate-leader-proposes-safe-zones-at-1481144070-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \"safe zones\" \u003c/a> prohibiting immigration enforcement in public spaces such as schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at stake is federal funding for so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a> that don't fully comply with federal immigration enforcement efforts. Major cities with sanctuary policies include San Francisco, Los Angeles and Oakland -- in addition, California passed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_4_bill_20130916_enrolled.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statewide bill\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of Trump's threat to defund these jurisdictions, most of California's sanctuary cities have reaffirmed their commitment to such policies. San Francisco became the first city to sue the administration, charging that denying funding over policy disagreements is a violation of the 10th Amendment. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sites/default/files/Statement-of-Principles-in-Support-of-Undocumented-Members-of-UC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> University of California\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/california-university-leader-promises-safe-campuses-for-undocumented-students-7618087\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California State University\u003c/a> have also issued statements pledging not to cooperate with federal enforcement authorities and to continue admitting eligible students regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/healthcare_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/healthcare_CAL.png\" alt=\"healthcare_CAL\" width=\"1437\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act (ACA) -- popularly known as Obamacare -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it's still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2016/03/03/20-million-people-have-gained-health-insurance-coverage-because-affordable-care-act-new-estimates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 million \u003c/a> more Americans now have some form of health coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is strongly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> opposed to the ACA\u003c/a> and has pledged to \"repeal and replace\" it. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/15/politics/tom-price-save-republicans-obamacare-mess/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Price\u003c/a>, Trump's recently confirmed Health and Human Services Secretary, calls the law \"stifling and oppressive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although House Republicans have already voted to take the first steps toward repeal and Trump has already signed an executive order (largely symbolic) to limit \"burdens of the Affordable Care Act,\" a replacement plan is still unclear. Proposals include restoring \"free market principles\" by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, changing federal aid to \"block grants,\" and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump has also argued that deporting undocumented immigrants would \"relieve health care cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be difficult to completely repeal the law; it would require 60 votes in the U.S. Senate, including the support of at least eight Democrats. More likely, the law will be picked apart piece by piece. Certain portions, such as allowing children to stay on their parents' policies until the age of 26 and requiring insurance companies to offer plans to those with existing conditions, have broad public support and are less likely to be slashed from the ACA. However, the Republican-controlled Congress will most likely reduce federal funding for state exchanges (such as Covered California) and Medicaid (Medi-Cal in California), a program for the poor and elderly, which provides health insurance for nearly one in three statewide, including undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Californians are covered under their employer-sponsored health care programs. However, nearly 5 million are newly covered under the ACA. Since the law went into effect in 2014, California has signed up more people for the program than any other state in the nation. At stake is $20.5 billion in federal funding -- $15.5 billion for Medi-Cal and $5 billion in Covered California subsidies. Drastic reductions in federal funding would almost certainly deal a huge blow to the level of coverage and number of insured Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals who currently buy insurance through Covered California are already seeing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/19/486613011/covered-californias-health-plan-rates-to-jump-sharply-in-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> spike\u003c/a> in monthly premiums -- just over \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/18/why-obamacare-covered-california-premiums-going-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 13 percent on average\u003c/a> -- due to expiring federal funding programs and rising medical costs. The impact of these increases on enrollment numbers is still unclear. However, the Urban Institute, a Washington think tank, predicts that 7.5 million Californians will be uninsured by 2021 if the ACA is repealed -- nearly double the number than if the law remains in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's 2017 enrollment numbers will be released in March, but nationally an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/02/10/us/politics/ap-us-health-overhaul-sign-ups.html\">12.2 million\u003c/a> have signed up so far this year despite threats to discontinue the ACA. A clear majority of those enrolled - nearly 64 percent - live in states that Trump won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the outlook is not rosy, Democratic lawmakers say they will examine \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/ask-emily/article114059303.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> state budgeting tools\u003c/a> to fill federal funding gaps, and that they are committed to keeping health care affordable for all Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>ECONOMY/TRADE\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25799\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png\" alt=\"Source: World Bank; California Employment Development Department\" width=\"1000\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-160x80.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-800x401.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-768x385.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-960x481.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-240x120.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-375x188.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-520x261.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: World Bank; California Employment Development Department\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The national economy is officially rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, and employment rates continue to rise. However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that's contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor. Wealth inequality in the U.S. is now at near record highs, with about 90 percent of wealth owned by the top 0.1 percent of families, according to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/13/us-wealth-inequality-top-01-worth-as-much-as-the-bottom-90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> economic research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to public pressure, a number of states have recently raised their minimum wages, even as the federal minimum wage has been stuck at $7.25 since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's \"America First\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-economic-plan-winning-the-global-competition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> economic plan\u003c/a> includes ways to simplify the tax code, increase trade enforcement with Mexico and China and strike down federal agency regulations, which he describes as \"the anchor dragging us down.\" The president has consistently appealed to \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> big business\u003c/a>, pledging to slash the top tax rate on corporations by more than half\u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Republican presidential primary, Trump advocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/?utm_term=.03fd239f9e53\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strongly against\u003c/a> raising the federal minimum wage, but has since shifted his position. More recently, he suggested it should be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it's an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump railed against international trade deals, which he claimed has hurt U.S. workers and sent more jobs overseas. So far, President Trump seem to be sticking to his campaign pledges to withdraw from or renegotiate these agreements. During his first week in office, he signed an executive order formally withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a trade deal orchestrated by President Obama that would have lowered tariffs on imports and exports among the U.S. and 11 other Pacific Rim nations. He also promised to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians are paying \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-trump-risk-california-economy-20161206-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> close attention\u003c/a> to the president's proposals to redraw trade agreements. The state economy is heavily tied to markets in Asia and Central America, and more than 40 percent of all U.S. imports come through California's ports in Long Beach and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some economists have predicted that trade agreements that boost U.S. exports, as the TPP proposes to do, could lead to significant job creation in wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing sectors. However, policies that increase taxes on goods made abroad -- particularly those in China and Mexico -- could potentially hurt many California businesses involved in logistics and trade. Trump has threatened a 35 percent tax on cars and parts from Mexico and a 45 percent tariff on Chinese products. (His spokesperson also recently suggested a 20 percent tax on Mexican imports in order to fund the border wall).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's tough immigration policies may also have unintended consequences for the agriculture industry, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-anderson-forecast-new-economy-under-new-administration-trumponomics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> UCLA report\u003c/a>. About half of all agriculture workers in the state are undocumented immigrants. Deporting a portion of the workforce would likely increase the cost of fruits and vegetables nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite inaction at the federal level, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/01/04/raising-the-minimum-wage-how-millions-of-workers-started-2017-with-a-bigger-paycheck-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California's minimum wage\u003c/a> was raised to $10.50 in 2017 and is slated to reach $15 by 2022. The federal minimum wage is likely to remain at or close to its current level under the Trump administration, which some argue puts businesses in California at a competitive disadvantage. However, state leaders maintain they are committed to providing living wages to all Californians. In fact, some cities, like Los Angeles and San Francisco, have passed laws to raise the minimum wage to $15, ahead of the state's schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/environment_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/environment_CAL.png\" alt=\"environment_CAL\" width=\"1000\" height=\"501\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California EPA Air Resources Board & California Energy Commission\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world's largest carbon emitters. At the 2015 United Nations climate change conference in Paris, the Obama administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation's carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> ahead of his final week in office, Obama urged the incoming administration not to walk away from the Paris agreement: \"Were the United States to step away from Paris, it would lose its seat at the table to hold other countries to their commitments, demand transparency, and encourage ambition,\" \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/01/06/science.aam6284.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he wrote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Globally, 2016 was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-on-record-globally\">hottest year\u003c/a> on record, the third year in a row of record-setting global average surface temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump has \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> disputed\u003c/a> the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. He has called global warming a \"hoax\" and a \"pseudoscience\" invented by America's global competitors to stifle U.S. economic growth. As spelled out in his \"America First Energy Plan,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he plans\u003c/a> to renegotiate Obama's carbon reduction strategy, revive coal mining and other carbon-intensive industries and withdraw from the Paris agreement. As of the Trump administration's first day in office, any mention of climate change has been removed from the White House website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's nomination of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/12/08/pruitt-trumps-epa-pick-has-both-sides-of-climate-divide-girding-for-a-major-fight/?utm_term=.581ff7d7a795\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a well-known climate change denier and state attorney general with a history of lawsuits against the EPA, has environmental activists preparing for battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's recently confirmed Secretary of State \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/12/10/who-is-rex-tillerson-the-exxonmobil-chairman-who-may-become-secretary-of-state/?utm_term=.3e274e1811e1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rex Tillerson\u003c/a>, has also given environmentalists serious cause for concern. He is, after all, the former chief executive of ExxonMobile, the largest oil and gas company in the world that's not exactly known for its pristine environmental record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, under Tillerson's leadership, the company publicly embraced the scientific consensus that climate change is linked to human activity, proposed some solutions to address the problem and issued a statement in support of the Paris agreement. And during Tillerson's January confirmation hearing, he acknowledged the validity of climate science and said he supported sticking with the Paris agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown has emerged as a national and global figure in the fight to combat climate change. In response to rumors that President Trump's administration may eliminate funding for earth-science programs, including NASA satellites that provide important data for climate change research, Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ca-gov-jerry-brown-california-could-launch-its-own-damn-satellite-2016-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> recently proclaimed\u003c/a>, \"If Trump turns off the satellites, California will launch its own damn satellite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has extensive programs that aim to reduce carbon emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels and increase \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/renewable.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> renewable energy use\u003c/a> to 50 percent of total generation by 2030. California's environmental regulations have historically exceeded national standards and set the benchmarks for federal policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/12/12/if-trump-wont-can-california-sign-the-international-climate-treaty/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> backs out\u003c/a> of the Paris agreement, as President Trump has promised to do, California lawmakers would not be able to sign the agreement as a separate entity. The state would likely be challenged in court if it attempted to circumvent national foreign policy. However, Brown has signed the state on to its own climate movement, \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/background/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, an international pact to slash carbon emissions with even more ambitious emission reduction goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the state's environmental groups and the scientific community are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/26/us/california-climate-change-jerry-brown-donald-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> more concerned\u003c/a> the Trump administration may reduce funds for important research facilities, and cut federal regulations on emissions and vehicle fuel standards. Some business groups are worried that removing federal environmental protections may put California at a competitive disadvantage if other states choose to opt out of climate change policies or environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, California's political leaders remain optimistic and committed to leading the national and global campaigns to stop climate change. According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ca-gov-jerry-brown-california-could-launch-its-own-damn-satellite-2016-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gov. Brown\u003c/a>, \"We've got the scientists, we've got the lawyers, and we're ready to fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/25716/california-versus-trump-with-lesson-plan","authors":["8658"],"categories":["lowdown_2363","lowdown_2399","lowdown_2593"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_96","lowdown_2555"],"featImg":"lowdown_25744","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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