TIMELINE: A History of Political Controversy at the Olympics
Were the Pilgrims America's Original Refugees?
Bryan Stevenson: On Teaching America's Long History of Racial Injustice
The High Cost of Cheap Fashion (with Lesson Plan)
Were the Pilgrims America's Original Refugees?
MAP: What 40 Years of Global Refugee Migration Looks Like
Political Tension at the Olympics: A History [Interactive Timeline]
How A Rubber Duck Meme Sidestepped Censorship on Tiananmen Square Anniversary
The Refugee Crisis: What You Need to Know [A Comic Infographic]
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You can see more of his work at: \u003ca href=\"http://andywarnercomics.com/\">andywarnercomics.com\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2983c68805617a24b2c98bc90911aa2b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"lowdown","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andy Warner | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2983c68805617a24b2c98bc90911aa2b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2983c68805617a24b2c98bc90911aa2b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andywarner"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"lowdown_30146":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30146","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"30146","score":null,"sort":[1518826153000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"timeline-a-history-of-political-controversy-at-the-olympics-2","title":"TIMELINE: A History of Political Controversy at the Olympics","publishDate":1518826153,"format":"image","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->[\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">Scroll down for the interactive timeline\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's kind of inevitable, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Olympics brings together athletes from around the world, representing their countries, in an intensely competitive environment. It'd be a downright miracle if global politics didn't somehow seep into the mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since the modern-day Olympics began in 1896, the organizers' of the games have consistently urged participating nations to leave their political differences at the door. There's even a rule in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.olympic.org/athlete365/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2015-06-02-Rule-50-Rio-2016-Olympic-Games-QA-EN-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Olympic Committee Charter\u003c/a> that shuns any kind of political demonstration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sport can only contribute to development and peace if it’s not used as a stage for political dissent or for trying to score points in … political contests,” said Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach before the start of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. “Have the courage to address your disagreements in a peaceful direct political dialogue and not on the backs of the athletes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn't always worked out so well. In fact, the Olympics have long been used as an arena for political posturing, a global stage to voice dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018 games are no exception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unprecedented move this year, Russia was officially banned from participating in the 2018 winter games after evidence surfaced that many of its athletes had been doping for years as part of a clandestine state-sponsored program. A group of 169 Russian have been allowed to individually participate in the games, but are not officially representing their country. The athletes are simply being referred to as \"Olympic Athletes from Russia,.\" During the opening ceremony, they wore nondescript gray tracksuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a move of potential diplomacy (although one viewed with suspicion by the U.S.), North Korea participated in the games, despite its longstanding nuclear tensions with South Korea. In the opening ceremony, athletes from the two Koreas marched under the same flag. They also formed a joint Korean women's hockey team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This timeline-map, based, in part, on an older interactive produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/politics-olympics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center on Foreign Relations\u003c/a>, tracks some of the many political tensions that have surfaced over the course of Olympic history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://uploads.knightlab.com/storymapjs/52f6ac29a40773d4b276d006a9cc5ce8/politics-at-the-olympics/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521759783,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://uploads.knightlab.com/storymapjs/52f6ac29a40773d4b276d006a9cc5ce8/politics-at-the-olympics/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":368},"headData":{"title":"TIMELINE: A History of Political Controversy at the Olympics | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"30146 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30146","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/02/16/timeline-a-history-of-political-controversy-at-the-olympics-2/","disqusTitle":"TIMELINE: A History of Political Controversy at the Olympics","customPermalink":"2014/02/14/politics-at-olympics/","path":"/lowdown/30146/timeline-a-history-of-political-controversy-at-the-olympics-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->[\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">Scroll down for the interactive timeline\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's kind of inevitable, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Olympics brings together athletes from around the world, representing their countries, in an intensely competitive environment. It'd be a downright miracle if global politics didn't somehow seep into the mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since the modern-day Olympics began in 1896, the organizers' of the games have consistently urged participating nations to leave their political differences at the door. There's even a rule in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.olympic.org/athlete365/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2015-06-02-Rule-50-Rio-2016-Olympic-Games-QA-EN-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Olympic Committee Charter\u003c/a> that shuns any kind of political demonstration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sport can only contribute to development and peace if it’s not used as a stage for political dissent or for trying to score points in … political contests,” said Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach before the start of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. “Have the courage to address your disagreements in a peaceful direct political dialogue and not on the backs of the athletes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn't always worked out so well. In fact, the Olympics have long been used as an arena for political posturing, a global stage to voice dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018 games are no exception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unprecedented move this year, Russia was officially banned from participating in the 2018 winter games after evidence surfaced that many of its athletes had been doping for years as part of a clandestine state-sponsored program. A group of 169 Russian have been allowed to individually participate in the games, but are not officially representing their country. The athletes are simply being referred to as \"Olympic Athletes from Russia,.\" During the opening ceremony, they wore nondescript gray tracksuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a move of potential diplomacy (although one viewed with suspicion by the U.S.), North Korea participated in the games, despite its longstanding nuclear tensions with South Korea. In the opening ceremony, athletes from the two Koreas marched under the same flag. They also formed a joint Korean women's hockey team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This timeline-map, based, in part, on an older interactive produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/politics-olympics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center on Foreign Relations\u003c/a>, tracks some of the many political tensions that have surfaced over the course of Olympic history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://uploads.knightlab.com/storymapjs/52f6ac29a40773d4b276d006a9cc5ce8/politics-at-the-olympics/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30146/timeline-a-history-of-political-controversy-at-the-olympics-2","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_509","lowdown_2402","lowdown_457","lowdown_243","lowdown_2386"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_470","lowdown_152"],"featImg":"lowdown_11822","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_29075":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_29075","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"29075","score":null,"sort":[1511280028000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"were-the-pilgrims-americas-original-refugees","title":"Were the Pilgrims America's Original Refugees?","publishDate":1511280028,"format":"image","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Regardless of where you stand in the politically-heated debate over how many refugees the U.S. should take in, it's worth considering the issue's relevance to Thanksgiving, a holiday rooted in the tenets of gratitude, kindness and acceptance of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main protagonists of the Thanksgiving story -- the Pilgrims -- were, after all, refugees of a sort as well. While they might not have necessarily fit neatly into the United Nations' \u003ca href=\"http://www.unrefugees.org/what-is-a-refugee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modern legal classification\u003c/a> of a \"refugee,\" they did sail to the New World seeking religious freedom and a refuge from persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the roughly 100 passengers who set sail aboard the Mayflower in 1620 in search of a better life, about a third were members of the radical Puritan faction known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/pilgrims-progress-135067108/?no-ist=&page=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Separatist Church\u003c/a>. The group fled religious persecution after illegally ceding from the Church of England, heading first to the Netherlands and eventually across the Atlantic to the New World.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although aiming for an area near the Hudson River, their ship ultimately landed on the shores of Cape Cod in what is modern-day Massachusetts, where its passengers founded the Plymouth Colony. Their first winter there was a rough one: nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">half the colony\u003c/a> died from starvation and inadequate shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as the story goes, the group acquired crucial agricultural advice and survival skills from the area's native inhabitants, and by the fall of 1621, its members had managed to scrape together enough food to at least marginally sustain themselves. The 53 remaining members of the colony famously celebrated a harvest feast with members of the Pokanoket tribe, an event that is \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/topics/pilgrims\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considered the basis\u003c/a> for today's Thanksgiving holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20262\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-20262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1.jpg\" alt=\"The First Thanksgiving 1621, oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899).\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The First Thanksgiving 1621, oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899). \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edward Winslow, one of the colony's leaders, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/ap_first_thanksgiving.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described the event\u003c/a>: \"Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors… many of the Indians coming amongst us, and among the rest their greatest king Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted. And although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the arrival of the newcomers didn't bode too well for the Pokanokets, part of the larger Wampanoag Nation, whose population was rapidly decimated, duel largely to smallpox and other diseases imported by the colonists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As liberal comedian John Oliver noted on his HBO show \"Last Week Tonight,\" it was really the only influx of refugees in American history that had a significantly detrimental impact on the people already living here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every generation has had its own ugly reaction to refugees. ... And those fears have been broadly unfounded,” he said. “In fact, there was only one time in American history when the fear of refugees wiping everyone out did actually come true, and we’ll all be sitting around a table celebrating it on Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we prepare to sit down for our Thanksgiving meal with friends and family who may -- to put it lightly -- not always be politically aligned, it's worth keeping in mind what this holiday is intended to commemorate, and to remember the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many millions of people\u003c/a> around the world today forced to flee their homes in search of safe refuge.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1511453174,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":594},"headData":{"title":"Were the Pilgrims America's Original Refugees? | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"29075 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=29075","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/11/21/were-the-pilgrims-americas-original-refugees/","disqusTitle":"Were the Pilgrims America's Original Refugees?","path":"/lowdown/29075/were-the-pilgrims-americas-original-refugees","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Regardless of where you stand in the politically-heated debate over how many refugees the U.S. should take in, it's worth considering the issue's relevance to Thanksgiving, a holiday rooted in the tenets of gratitude, kindness and acceptance of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main protagonists of the Thanksgiving story -- the Pilgrims -- were, after all, refugees of a sort as well. While they might not have necessarily fit neatly into the United Nations' \u003ca href=\"http://www.unrefugees.org/what-is-a-refugee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modern legal classification\u003c/a> of a \"refugee,\" they did sail to the New World seeking religious freedom and a refuge from persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the roughly 100 passengers who set sail aboard the Mayflower in 1620 in search of a better life, about a third were members of the radical Puritan faction known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/pilgrims-progress-135067108/?no-ist=&page=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Separatist Church\u003c/a>. The group fled religious persecution after illegally ceding from the Church of England, heading first to the Netherlands and eventually across the Atlantic to the New World.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although aiming for an area near the Hudson River, their ship ultimately landed on the shores of Cape Cod in what is modern-day Massachusetts, where its passengers founded the Plymouth Colony. Their first winter there was a rough one: nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">half the colony\u003c/a> died from starvation and inadequate shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as the story goes, the group acquired crucial agricultural advice and survival skills from the area's native inhabitants, and by the fall of 1621, its members had managed to scrape together enough food to at least marginally sustain themselves. The 53 remaining members of the colony famously celebrated a harvest feast with members of the Pokanoket tribe, an event that is \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/topics/pilgrims\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considered the basis\u003c/a> for today's Thanksgiving holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20262\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-20262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1.jpg\" alt=\"The First Thanksgiving 1621, oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899).\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The First Thanksgiving 1621, oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899). \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edward Winslow, one of the colony's leaders, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/ap_first_thanksgiving.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described the event\u003c/a>: \"Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors… many of the Indians coming amongst us, and among the rest their greatest king Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted. And although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the arrival of the newcomers didn't bode too well for the Pokanokets, part of the larger Wampanoag Nation, whose population was rapidly decimated, duel largely to smallpox and other diseases imported by the colonists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As liberal comedian John Oliver noted on his HBO show \"Last Week Tonight,\" it was really the only influx of refugees in American history that had a significantly detrimental impact on the people already living here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every generation has had its own ugly reaction to refugees. ... And those fears have been broadly unfounded,” he said. “In fact, there was only one time in American history when the fear of refugees wiping everyone out did actually come true, and we’ll all be sitting around a table celebrating it on Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we prepare to sit down for our Thanksgiving meal with friends and family who may -- to put it lightly -- not always be politically aligned, it's worth keeping in mind what this holiday is intended to commemorate, and to remember the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many millions of people\u003c/a> around the world today forced to flee their homes in search of safe refuge.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/29075/were-the-pilgrims-americas-original-refugees","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2402"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2465","lowdown_429"],"featImg":"lowdown_20233","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_26077":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26077","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"26077","score":null,"sort":[1489078821000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bryan-stevenson-on-why-we-cant-forget-americas-troubled-racial-history","title":"Bryan Stevenson: On Teaching America's Long History of Racial Injustice","publishDate":1489078821,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->America's long legacy of racial oppression is not a history to be proud of, but it's one that Bryan Stevenson insists needs to be acknowledged and preserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A civil rights lawyer and social justice activist, Stevenson is founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"http://eji.org/bryan-stevenson\" target=\"_blank\">Equal Justice Initiative\u003c/a>, a nonprofit human rights law organization in Montgomery, Alabama, that provides legal services to the poor, incarcerated and condemned. For more than 20 years, his group has challenged racial bias in the justice system, waging court battles for retrials, death-sentence reversals and exoneration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its litigation work, Stevenson's group has more recently developed community education projects on race and poverty, specifically confronting the nation's dark history of slavery, lynchings and other forms of racial inequality. From 1877 -- when federal troops left the South at the end of Reconstruction -- to roughly 1950, more than 4,000 black people were lynched in the United States, according to EJI's recent research. It marked a period of domestic terrorism that's been largely left out of America's collective historical narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to change that, EJI produced a \u003ca href=\"http://eji.org/reports/lynching-in-america\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> on these widespread incidents and continues to identify and mark lynching sites throughout the South. It will also soon open a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/us/memorial-alabama-victims-lynching.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">lynching memorial museum\u003c/a> in Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These efforts are all part of Stevenson's focus on \"confronting the legacy of racial terror,\" a history that has profoundly shaped modern American society, he says, and that remains apparent in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/18/mass-incarceration-black-americans-higher-rates-disparities-report\" target=\"_blank\">hugely disproportionate numbers\u003c/a> of incarcerated black men in America's prison system today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the organization is also producing a series of short animated videos, including this most recent piece recounting the 1898 lynching of Private James Neely, an African-American veteran who had recently returned to Georgia after fighting in the Spanish-American War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/OY88OkjnPQ0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recently interviewed Stevenson about EJI's educational initiatives. Below is a transcript from part of our conversation. Listen to the full interview here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/310857323&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: Describe the goal of this project.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think we’ve done a very good job in this country of educating people about our history of racial inequality. We lived through an era in America of racial terrorism, where thousands of African-Americans were burned alive and hung and murdered and beaten and mutilated, sometimes in the public square in front of thousands of people, who had the comfort of committing this terror with no risk of prosecution, no threat of arrest or adverse consequences. This period of violence and terror really shaped America’s development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we don’t talk about it, we haven’t acknowledged it, we haven’t really explored the implications of it. And so we’re trying to change that. We have projects that are trying to educate people about the terrorism that took place in their communities. We’re trying to put markers at every lynching site in America. I think the landscape is silent about the violence and the terror that shaped our development as a nation in the 20th century, and that has to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other countries, like Germany or Rwanda, you’ll see markers and monuments that identify the spaces where Jewish families were abducted during the Holocaust. Germans want you to go to the Holocaust Memorial and reflect soberly on that history. They’re trying to change their identity. They don’t want to be a nation remembered only for the Holocaust and Nazism and Fascism. They’re trying to create a new identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We haven’t really done that in America, particularly in the American South, where we romanticize the past, we glorify the past. So we think that has to change. And one of the ways we’re trying to change that is developing short pieces that teachers and schools can use to educate students about the horrors of lynching. And we’ve put together a report called “Lynching in America,” which documents over 4,000 lynchings, and tries to explain why racial terror lynchings developed, what they involved, who was targeted and why this era is so significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in Oakland or San Francisco or Los Angeles, or if you live in Chicago or Detroit or Minneapolis or Boston, you need to understand that the black community in your city came to your community not as immigrants looking for new economic opportunities, but they came to these cities as refugees and exiles from terror in the American South. The legacy of lynching is very directly connected to communities in Oakland and L.A. and San Francisco and others places in the North and West. And I don’t think we’ve made that connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For me, the era of terror has profound implications for our continuing struggles, ranging from racial bias in the public sector to police violence. All of it, I think, cannot be understood without understanding this history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How would you respond to an educator who's hesitant to teach students such an upsetting narrative? Why is it so important for young people to learn that these tragic events occurred?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I had to characterize the biggest problem we have in this country, I think we suffer profoundly from the absence of shame. I believe we have acculturated a nation into believing that they can do terrible things to other people and you don’t ever have to say I’m sorry, you don’t ever have to learn from it, you don’t actually have to reflect on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I believe many on the challenges we’re facing today in our country are rooted in our failure to acknowledge the mistakes of our past. So I think we’re not going to be a nation that evolves and matures and becomes truly great until we become a nation with the confidence to say (what) slavery was and it burdened us and it haunts us. And I think that our country has been indifferent to a narrative of racial difference that has created a lot of victimization and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think we’re a post-genocide country. What happened to native people, in my judgment, was a genocide. We killed millions of people and we didn’t own up to that because we said, no, those natives are savages. And we used that narrative of racial difference to justify that violence. And we kept their names for rivers and counties and streams and buildings, but we made the people go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that same narrative is the true evil of American slavery, which we never addressed in the 13th Amendment. I think the great evil of American slavery was the ideology of white supremacy. And if you read the 13th Amendment, it doesn’t talk about narratives of racial difference or white supremacy. It only talks about involuntary servitude. And to me that means that slavery didn’t end in 1865, it evolved. And that’s what gave rise to this terrorism and lynching. And that was followed by segregation and codification of racial hierarchy and Jim Crow. And while we passed civil rights laws, we never confronted the damage that this narrative of racial difference did and continues to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, the reason why teachers need to teach this history to students is because the black and brown children in their classrooms are going to be burdened with a presumption of dangerousness and guilt. And that presumption will exist for the rest of their lives until we confront this narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you can’t understand the power of it unless you understand the history of slavery and lynching and segregation. I also think that non-minorities in this country will not create a kind of freedom for themselves until they acknowledge this history. I don’t think any of us are free, to be honest. So rather than thinking that there’s something discretionary about the teaching of this history. I think it’s essential. I think you do a disservice to children of all colors and races and ethnicities by allowing them to be ignorant of the ways in which our country has yet to deal with the history of racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How can students walk away from these lessons feeling hopeful and empowered instead of just upset and depressed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think that there’s so much evidence that despite the horrors of this history, that we have an incredible capacity to overcome, to survive, to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started my education in a colored school, because in my county black children were not allowed to go to the public schools. My great-grandparents were enslaved. My grandmother was in my ear all the time about this history of slavery. So despite the fact that my generational connection to slavery is very short, and that I started my education in a racially segregated school, and that there were no high schools for kids of color when my dad was a teenager, so he couldn’t go to high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite all of that, I had the great privilege to go to college, and to go to law school and to argue cases at the U.S. Supreme Court and to talk to lots and lots of people. And I am standing on the shoulders of those enslaved people who did not give up. Who learned to read despite the violence and degradation of slavery. And chose to have children and raise those children with hope and belief that if they worked hard they could achieve something. I’m standing on the shoulders of people who fled the terror in the American South and found ways to raise families and to create hope for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My parents were humiliated every day by Jim Crow segregation, and yet they persevered. Standing on the shoulders of these people means that I can do so much more. I do civil rights work, I’ve had a lot of challenges. But I’ve never had to say, like the people who came before me, “my head is bloody but not bowed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what that means to me is that I have every reason to believe that we can succeed, that we can prevail. That as they used to sing: “We shall overcome.” And that’s the hope, that’s the conviction. And if you understand its history, and really understand it, with the stories of violence and despair and pain and agony, there’s an unmatched story of perseverance, of hope, of strength, of resiliency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story is what ultimately ought to persuade all of us that we should not accept the status quo. We should not accept the presumption of dangerousness and guilt that continues to burden black and brown people in this country. We should not accept the silence that has accompanied our history of racial inequality and racial injustice. That we should demand more because we want more, we expect more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s ultimately a view that’s rooted in hope. To achieve these things, you’re going to have to be willing to stand up when other people say sit down, you’re going to have to be willing to speak when other people say be quiet, and you do that when you have enough hope to believe that act, that moment, is worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think anybody should despair in response to this history. I think they should get involved and do the things that need to be done to create a more just society.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1489777025,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://w.soundcloud.com/player/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1985},"headData":{"title":"Bryan Stevenson: On Teaching America's Long History of Racial Injustice | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"26077 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26077","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/03/09/bryan-stevenson-on-why-we-cant-forget-americas-troubled-racial-history/","disqusTitle":"Bryan Stevenson: On Teaching America's Long History of Racial Injustice","path":"/lowdown/26077/bryan-stevenson-on-why-we-cant-forget-americas-troubled-racial-history","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->America's long legacy of racial oppression is not a history to be proud of, but it's one that Bryan Stevenson insists needs to be acknowledged and preserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A civil rights lawyer and social justice activist, Stevenson is founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"http://eji.org/bryan-stevenson\" target=\"_blank\">Equal Justice Initiative\u003c/a>, a nonprofit human rights law organization in Montgomery, Alabama, that provides legal services to the poor, incarcerated and condemned. For more than 20 years, his group has challenged racial bias in the justice system, waging court battles for retrials, death-sentence reversals and exoneration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its litigation work, Stevenson's group has more recently developed community education projects on race and poverty, specifically confronting the nation's dark history of slavery, lynchings and other forms of racial inequality. From 1877 -- when federal troops left the South at the end of Reconstruction -- to roughly 1950, more than 4,000 black people were lynched in the United States, according to EJI's recent research. It marked a period of domestic terrorism that's been largely left out of America's collective historical narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to change that, EJI produced a \u003ca href=\"http://eji.org/reports/lynching-in-america\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> on these widespread incidents and continues to identify and mark lynching sites throughout the South. It will also soon open a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/us/memorial-alabama-victims-lynching.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">lynching memorial museum\u003c/a> in Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These efforts are all part of Stevenson's focus on \"confronting the legacy of racial terror,\" a history that has profoundly shaped modern American society, he says, and that remains apparent in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/18/mass-incarceration-black-americans-higher-rates-disparities-report\" target=\"_blank\">hugely disproportionate numbers\u003c/a> of incarcerated black men in America's prison system today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the organization is also producing a series of short animated videos, including this most recent piece recounting the 1898 lynching of Private James Neely, an African-American veteran who had recently returned to Georgia after fighting in the Spanish-American War.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/OY88OkjnPQ0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/OY88OkjnPQ0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>I recently interviewed Stevenson about EJI's educational initiatives. Below is a transcript from part of our conversation. Listen to the full interview here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/310857323&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: Describe the goal of this project.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think we’ve done a very good job in this country of educating people about our history of racial inequality. We lived through an era in America of racial terrorism, where thousands of African-Americans were burned alive and hung and murdered and beaten and mutilated, sometimes in the public square in front of thousands of people, who had the comfort of committing this terror with no risk of prosecution, no threat of arrest or adverse consequences. This period of violence and terror really shaped America’s development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we don’t talk about it, we haven’t acknowledged it, we haven’t really explored the implications of it. And so we’re trying to change that. We have projects that are trying to educate people about the terrorism that took place in their communities. We’re trying to put markers at every lynching site in America. I think the landscape is silent about the violence and the terror that shaped our development as a nation in the 20th century, and that has to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other countries, like Germany or Rwanda, you’ll see markers and monuments that identify the spaces where Jewish families were abducted during the Holocaust. Germans want you to go to the Holocaust Memorial and reflect soberly on that history. They’re trying to change their identity. They don’t want to be a nation remembered only for the Holocaust and Nazism and Fascism. They’re trying to create a new identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We haven’t really done that in America, particularly in the American South, where we romanticize the past, we glorify the past. So we think that has to change. And one of the ways we’re trying to change that is developing short pieces that teachers and schools can use to educate students about the horrors of lynching. And we’ve put together a report called “Lynching in America,” which documents over 4,000 lynchings, and tries to explain why racial terror lynchings developed, what they involved, who was targeted and why this era is so significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in Oakland or San Francisco or Los Angeles, or if you live in Chicago or Detroit or Minneapolis or Boston, you need to understand that the black community in your city came to your community not as immigrants looking for new economic opportunities, but they came to these cities as refugees and exiles from terror in the American South. The legacy of lynching is very directly connected to communities in Oakland and L.A. and San Francisco and others places in the North and West. And I don’t think we’ve made that connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For me, the era of terror has profound implications for our continuing struggles, ranging from racial bias in the public sector to police violence. All of it, I think, cannot be understood without understanding this history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How would you respond to an educator who's hesitant to teach students such an upsetting narrative? Why is it so important for young people to learn that these tragic events occurred?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I had to characterize the biggest problem we have in this country, I think we suffer profoundly from the absence of shame. I believe we have acculturated a nation into believing that they can do terrible things to other people and you don’t ever have to say I’m sorry, you don’t ever have to learn from it, you don’t actually have to reflect on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I believe many on the challenges we’re facing today in our country are rooted in our failure to acknowledge the mistakes of our past. So I think we’re not going to be a nation that evolves and matures and becomes truly great until we become a nation with the confidence to say (what) slavery was and it burdened us and it haunts us. And I think that our country has been indifferent to a narrative of racial difference that has created a lot of victimization and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think we’re a post-genocide country. What happened to native people, in my judgment, was a genocide. We killed millions of people and we didn’t own up to that because we said, no, those natives are savages. And we used that narrative of racial difference to justify that violence. And we kept their names for rivers and counties and streams and buildings, but we made the people go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that same narrative is the true evil of American slavery, which we never addressed in the 13th Amendment. I think the great evil of American slavery was the ideology of white supremacy. And if you read the 13th Amendment, it doesn’t talk about narratives of racial difference or white supremacy. It only talks about involuntary servitude. And to me that means that slavery didn’t end in 1865, it evolved. And that’s what gave rise to this terrorism and lynching. And that was followed by segregation and codification of racial hierarchy and Jim Crow. And while we passed civil rights laws, we never confronted the damage that this narrative of racial difference did and continues to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, the reason why teachers need to teach this history to students is because the black and brown children in their classrooms are going to be burdened with a presumption of dangerousness and guilt. And that presumption will exist for the rest of their lives until we confront this narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you can’t understand the power of it unless you understand the history of slavery and lynching and segregation. I also think that non-minorities in this country will not create a kind of freedom for themselves until they acknowledge this history. I don’t think any of us are free, to be honest. So rather than thinking that there’s something discretionary about the teaching of this history. I think it’s essential. I think you do a disservice to children of all colors and races and ethnicities by allowing them to be ignorant of the ways in which our country has yet to deal with the history of racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How can students walk away from these lessons feeling hopeful and empowered instead of just upset and depressed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think that there’s so much evidence that despite the horrors of this history, that we have an incredible capacity to overcome, to survive, to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started my education in a colored school, because in my county black children were not allowed to go to the public schools. My great-grandparents were enslaved. My grandmother was in my ear all the time about this history of slavery. So despite the fact that my generational connection to slavery is very short, and that I started my education in a racially segregated school, and that there were no high schools for kids of color when my dad was a teenager, so he couldn’t go to high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite all of that, I had the great privilege to go to college, and to go to law school and to argue cases at the U.S. Supreme Court and to talk to lots and lots of people. And I am standing on the shoulders of those enslaved people who did not give up. Who learned to read despite the violence and degradation of slavery. And chose to have children and raise those children with hope and belief that if they worked hard they could achieve something. I’m standing on the shoulders of people who fled the terror in the American South and found ways to raise families and to create hope for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My parents were humiliated every day by Jim Crow segregation, and yet they persevered. Standing on the shoulders of these people means that I can do so much more. I do civil rights work, I’ve had a lot of challenges. But I’ve never had to say, like the people who came before me, “my head is bloody but not bowed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what that means to me is that I have every reason to believe that we can succeed, that we can prevail. That as they used to sing: “We shall overcome.” And that’s the hope, that’s the conviction. And if you understand its history, and really understand it, with the stories of violence and despair and pain and agony, there’s an unmatched story of perseverance, of hope, of strength, of resiliency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story is what ultimately ought to persuade all of us that we should not accept the status quo. We should not accept the presumption of dangerousness and guilt that continues to burden black and brown people in this country. We should not accept the silence that has accompanied our history of racial inequality and racial injustice. That we should demand more because we want more, we expect more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s ultimately a view that’s rooted in hope. To achieve these things, you’re going to have to be willing to stand up when other people say sit down, you’re going to have to be willing to speak when other people say be quiet, and you do that when you have enough hope to believe that act, that moment, is worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think anybody should despair in response to this history. I think they should get involved and do the things that need to be done to create a more just society.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26077/bryan-stevenson-on-why-we-cant-forget-americas-troubled-racial-history","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_2402"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2597"],"featImg":"lowdown_26188","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_7912":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_7912","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"7912","score":null,"sort":[1482292825000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"who-made-your-t-shirt-the-hidden-cost-of-cheap-fashion","title":"The High Cost of Cheap Fashion (with Lesson Plan)","publishDate":1482292825,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/RKXdLIr4GtE\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/05/The-Global-Textile-Economy_Ko.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: The Global Apparel Industry (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: This is an updated version of a post originally published in 2013.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone likes a good deal, especially during the cutthroat holiday shopping season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's why you've likely flocked to clothing stores like H&M and Old Navy, where the selection is expansive and astoundingly inexpensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>T-shirts for five bucks; jeans and dresses for under 20. It’s almost as though you can’t afford not to buy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans, on average, now \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/fashion/\" target=\"_blank\">spend \u003c/a>a significantly smaller portion of their incomes on clothing, yet have more expansive wardrobes than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buying a whole new wardrobe is almost cheaper than the cost of washing your old one (a bit of an exaggeration, but not all that far off).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those deals don't come without a catch. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Out of sight, out of mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>One consequence of cheap clothing received international attention in 2013, when an eight-story garment factory in Bangladesh collapsed, killing more than 1,100 workers who were manufacturing clothing for American and European retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bangladeshi garment workers, the majority of them women, receive among the world’s lowest wages. At the time of the disaster, the minimum wage was roughly $38 per month. In November 2013, amid local labor unrest and international pressure, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-13/bangladesh-garment-factories-to-stay-shut-amid-worker-protests\" target=\"_blank\">it was increased\u003c/a> to $68 per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7916\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-7916 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The collapsed Rana Plaza in Bangladesh, where more than 1,100 garment workers were killed in 2013. (Wikipedia)\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse-768x513.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The collapsed Rana Plaza in Bangladesh, where more than 1,100 garment workers died in 2013. (Wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rana Plaza, the building near Dhaka that collapsed, was owned by a local politician who illegally built three additional floors onto the structure and installed heavy textile machinery. Even after large cracks were found in the walls the day before the disaster, factory supervisors – under pressure to fill orders - ignored warnings to vacate the building, and ordered workers to continue production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the deadliest industrial disaster in Bangladesh’s history, but certainly not the only one in recent memory. Just the year before, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/18/world/asia/bangladesh-factory-fire-caused-by-gross-negligence.html\">112 garment workers were killed\u003c/a> in a factory fire near Dhaka, when supervisors ignored fire alarms and prevented workers from leaving their sewing machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong> Why Bangladesh?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Labor and production costs are dirt cheap. Making clothes in Bangladesh costs less than just about anywhere else in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a quick look at the tags on your clothing. There's a good chance at least some of them were made in Bangladesh. Since the 1990s, Bangladesh’s ready-made garment industry has exploded, and now generates close to $20 billion a year in exports. It's now one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/10/21/international-regional-trade-is-key-to-faster-growth-for-bangladesh-says-new-world-bank-report\" target=\"_blank\">largest apparel exporters in the world\u003c/a>, second only to China (which still far outpaces any other nation in exports, but has lost a good deal of contracts to Bangladesh, where production costs are even cheaper). Bangladesh is currently the \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/where-the-u-s-gets-its-clothing-one-year-after-the-bangladesh-factory-collapse/\" target=\"_blank\">third-largest apparel importer\u003c/a> to the United States, after China and Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, employment in the U.S. apparel manufacturing industry has declined by more than 80 percent in the last two decades, from about 900,000 to 150,000 jobs, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/fashion/\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a>. As recently as 1980, 70 percent of clothes sold in the United States were made domestically. Today, that's down to about 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2013/05/24/madeinamerica/\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: Why America Stopped Making Its Own Clothes\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Fast Fashion\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Most large clothing brands used to have seasonal fashion lines that would remain on the shelves for at least few months. But go into an H&M store today and then go back again a week or two later, and you’ll likely find a completely changed inventory. This is the concept behind fast fashion, pioneered over the last 15 years by European brands like H&M and Zana, and to a lesser extent, The Gap, Benetton, Urban Outfitters and Forever 21. The idea is to capture the latest design trends and whisk them from the catwalk to the store, producing trendy but generally low-quality garments in the fastest, most cost-effective way possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/03/11/174013774/in-trendy-world-of-fast-fashion-styles-arent-made-to-last\">NPR\u003c/a>, Elizabeth Cline, author of \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.overdressedthebook.com/\">Overdressed: The Shockingly High Price of Fast Fashion\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, explained that stores like H&M produce hundreds of millions of garments per year. \"They put a small markup on the clothes and earn their profit out of selling an ocean of clothing,\" she says. H&M has about 2,800 stores in 48 markets and it's growing fast, especially in China and the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170511842\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with companies making billions and consumers getting great deals, the cost has to be absorbed somewhere. And that’s where cheap factories in developing countries like Bangladesh come into the fray, often to the detriment of workers and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.esquire.com/style/news/a50655/fast-fashion-environment/\" target=\"_blank\"> environment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>So who’s to blame?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>There’s no simple answer. It’s easy to blame the big clothing companies, many of whom reap enormous profits, fully aware of the decrepit conditions where their products are made. After the huge factory fire last November, a number of major clothing brands and retailers rejected a union-sponsored proposal to improve safety throughout Bangladesh's garment industry, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/id/100679902\">Associated Press reported\u003c/a>. Instead, companies expanded a patchwork system of private audits and training, which labor groups allege do little and lack any real enforcement mechanism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The textile factories are almost all locally owned and managed, allowing Western retailers to maintain a distance from them and turn a blind eye to factory-floor conditions. And blame, of course, can also be directed at the factory owners and Bangladeshi government officials who knowingly exploit and endanger the workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/03/18/making-your-t-shirt-a-journey-around-the-world/\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: Where Was Your T-Shirt Made?\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the Rana Plaza disaster, a growing number of major designers, including H&M, Zana and Benetton, signed on to a legally binding agreement to pay for major safety improvements. And since then,\u003ca href=\"http://in%20the%20Bangladeshi%20factories%20where%20their%20clothing%20is%20made,\" target=\"_blank\"> fire and safety assessments\u003c/a> have been conducted in several thousand Bangladeshi factories where their clothing is made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only a \u003ca href=\"http://bangladeshaccord.org/signatories/\" target=\"_blank\">small group of American companies\u003c/a> signed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Gap, Wal-Mart, Sears and Target are among the major American clothing retailers that balked at joining the accord, despite relying heavily on Bangladeshi suppliers. Some companies counter that they have their own safety improvement measures in place, while others, like Disney, have announced that they will leave Bangladesh altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western companies are often quick to argue that although wages and working conditions in Bangladesh are far from ideal, they’re a lot better than they would be if the garment industry wasn’t there at all. Western demand has created jobs and training for millions of people, particularly women, offering a greater degree of independence and economic security. Since the arrival of textile manufacturing in the late 1970s, Bangladesh’s \u003ca href=\"http://data.worldbank.org/country/bangladesh\">poverty rate\u003c/a> has fallen from about 70 percent to less than 40 percent. And even though \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12650940\">about half the country\u003c/a> still lives on less than a dollar a day, income has risen markedly for large swaths of the population. Health and education have improved incrementally as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What role do you play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>And then there’s us. Consumers in Western nations now buy more clothes than ever before, according to Cline, particularly cheap clothes that aren’t made to last. Factory conditions would likely improve if consumers were to demand it, especially if we were willing to pay more for our clothes and absorb some of the costs .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's easier said than done. It’s one thing to be horrified by Bangladesh’s recent tragedy and to hope conditions improve. It’s quite another thing, though, to choose to pay more for clothes that were ethically manufactured. With the exception of the worst tragedies that grab our attention, most of the inequities in this system are out of sight, out of mind. Which makes it all too easy to pretend they don’t exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which begs the question: How much more would you be willing to pay to know your clothes were being produced in an ethical manner?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/05/14/184019151/episode-458-bangladeshs-t-shirt-economy\" target=\"_blank\">NPR's Planet Money\u003c/a> show is documenting how T-shirts around the world are made.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Resources to further explore this issue\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lesson plan suggestions for using this issue in the classroom\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/corporate-irresponsibility-fashions-hidden-cost-in-bangladeshs-garment-industry/\">NY Times Learning Network\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/daily_videos/garment-industry-under-scrutiny-after-factory-collapse-in-bangladesh/\">PBS NewsHour Extra\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>International labor rights advocacy groups\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"International Labor Rights Fund\" href=\"http://www.laborrights.org/sites/default/files/publications-and-resources/DeadlySecrets.pdf\">International Labor Rights Fund\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Fair Labor Association\" href=\"http://www.fairlabor.org/\">Fair Labor Association\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.industriall-union.org/\">IndustriAll Global Union\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"International Labour Organization\" href=\"http://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm\">International Labour Organization (a United Nations organization)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sites that help track product origins in the global supply chain\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://sourcemap.com/\">SourceMap\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.importgenius.com/\">ImportGenius \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.piers.com/\">Piers\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Corporate responsibility statements from some major clothing retailers\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://about.hm.com/AboutSection/en/About/Sustainability/Commitments/Be-Ethical.html\">H&M\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gapinc.com/content/csr/html/OurResponsibility.html\">Gap\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://corporate.walmart.com/microsites/global-responsibility-report-2013/\">Wal-Mart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://corporate.target.com/corporate-responsibility\">Target\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1482468692,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1503},"headData":{"title":"The High Cost of Cheap Fashion (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"7912 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=7912","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/12/20/who-made-your-t-shirt-the-hidden-cost-of-cheap-fashion/","disqusTitle":"The High Cost of Cheap Fashion (with Lesson Plan)","path":"/lowdown/7912/who-made-your-t-shirt-the-hidden-cost-of-cheap-fashion","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/RKXdLIr4GtE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/RKXdLIr4GtE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/05/The-Global-Textile-Economy_Ko.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: The Global Apparel Industry (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: This is an updated version of a post originally published in 2013.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone likes a good deal, especially during the cutthroat holiday shopping season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's why you've likely flocked to clothing stores like H&M and Old Navy, where the selection is expansive and astoundingly inexpensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>T-shirts for five bucks; jeans and dresses for under 20. It’s almost as though you can’t afford not to buy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans, on average, now \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/fashion/\" target=\"_blank\">spend \u003c/a>a significantly smaller portion of their incomes on clothing, yet have more expansive wardrobes than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buying a whole new wardrobe is almost cheaper than the cost of washing your old one (a bit of an exaggeration, but not all that far off).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those deals don't come without a catch. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Out of sight, out of mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>One consequence of cheap clothing received international attention in 2013, when an eight-story garment factory in Bangladesh collapsed, killing more than 1,100 workers who were manufacturing clothing for American and European retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bangladeshi garment workers, the majority of them women, receive among the world’s lowest wages. At the time of the disaster, the minimum wage was roughly $38 per month. In November 2013, amid local labor unrest and international pressure, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-13/bangladesh-garment-factories-to-stay-shut-amid-worker-protests\" target=\"_blank\">it was increased\u003c/a> to $68 per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7916\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-7916 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The collapsed Rana Plaza in Bangladesh, where more than 1,100 garment workers were killed in 2013. (Wikipedia)\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse-768x513.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/05/Dhaka_Savar_Building_Collapse-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The collapsed Rana Plaza in Bangladesh, where more than 1,100 garment workers died in 2013. (Wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rana Plaza, the building near Dhaka that collapsed, was owned by a local politician who illegally built three additional floors onto the structure and installed heavy textile machinery. Even after large cracks were found in the walls the day before the disaster, factory supervisors – under pressure to fill orders - ignored warnings to vacate the building, and ordered workers to continue production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the deadliest industrial disaster in Bangladesh’s history, but certainly not the only one in recent memory. Just the year before, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/18/world/asia/bangladesh-factory-fire-caused-by-gross-negligence.html\">112 garment workers were killed\u003c/a> in a factory fire near Dhaka, when supervisors ignored fire alarms and prevented workers from leaving their sewing machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong> Why Bangladesh?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Labor and production costs are dirt cheap. Making clothes in Bangladesh costs less than just about anywhere else in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a quick look at the tags on your clothing. There's a good chance at least some of them were made in Bangladesh. Since the 1990s, Bangladesh’s ready-made garment industry has exploded, and now generates close to $20 billion a year in exports. It's now one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/10/21/international-regional-trade-is-key-to-faster-growth-for-bangladesh-says-new-world-bank-report\" target=\"_blank\">largest apparel exporters in the world\u003c/a>, second only to China (which still far outpaces any other nation in exports, but has lost a good deal of contracts to Bangladesh, where production costs are even cheaper). Bangladesh is currently the \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/where-the-u-s-gets-its-clothing-one-year-after-the-bangladesh-factory-collapse/\" target=\"_blank\">third-largest apparel importer\u003c/a> to the United States, after China and Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, employment in the U.S. apparel manufacturing industry has declined by more than 80 percent in the last two decades, from about 900,000 to 150,000 jobs, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/fashion/\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a>. As recently as 1980, 70 percent of clothes sold in the United States were made domestically. Today, that's down to about 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2013/05/24/madeinamerica/\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: Why America Stopped Making Its Own Clothes\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Fast Fashion\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Most large clothing brands used to have seasonal fashion lines that would remain on the shelves for at least few months. But go into an H&M store today and then go back again a week or two later, and you’ll likely find a completely changed inventory. This is the concept behind fast fashion, pioneered over the last 15 years by European brands like H&M and Zana, and to a lesser extent, The Gap, Benetton, Urban Outfitters and Forever 21. The idea is to capture the latest design trends and whisk them from the catwalk to the store, producing trendy but generally low-quality garments in the fastest, most cost-effective way possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/03/11/174013774/in-trendy-world-of-fast-fashion-styles-arent-made-to-last\">NPR\u003c/a>, Elizabeth Cline, author of \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.overdressedthebook.com/\">Overdressed: The Shockingly High Price of Fast Fashion\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, explained that stores like H&M produce hundreds of millions of garments per year. \"They put a small markup on the clothes and earn their profit out of selling an ocean of clothing,\" she says. H&M has about 2,800 stores in 48 markets and it's growing fast, especially in China and the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170511842&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170511842'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with companies making billions and consumers getting great deals, the cost has to be absorbed somewhere. And that’s where cheap factories in developing countries like Bangladesh come into the fray, often to the detriment of workers and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.esquire.com/style/news/a50655/fast-fashion-environment/\" target=\"_blank\"> environment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>So who’s to blame?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>There’s no simple answer. It’s easy to blame the big clothing companies, many of whom reap enormous profits, fully aware of the decrepit conditions where their products are made. After the huge factory fire last November, a number of major clothing brands and retailers rejected a union-sponsored proposal to improve safety throughout Bangladesh's garment industry, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/id/100679902\">Associated Press reported\u003c/a>. Instead, companies expanded a patchwork system of private audits and training, which labor groups allege do little and lack any real enforcement mechanism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The textile factories are almost all locally owned and managed, allowing Western retailers to maintain a distance from them and turn a blind eye to factory-floor conditions. And blame, of course, can also be directed at the factory owners and Bangladeshi government officials who knowingly exploit and endanger the workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/03/18/making-your-t-shirt-a-journey-around-the-world/\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: Where Was Your T-Shirt Made?\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the Rana Plaza disaster, a growing number of major designers, including H&M, Zana and Benetton, signed on to a legally binding agreement to pay for major safety improvements. And since then,\u003ca href=\"http://in%20the%20Bangladeshi%20factories%20where%20their%20clothing%20is%20made,\" target=\"_blank\"> fire and safety assessments\u003c/a> have been conducted in several thousand Bangladeshi factories where their clothing is made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only a \u003ca href=\"http://bangladeshaccord.org/signatories/\" target=\"_blank\">small group of American companies\u003c/a> signed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Gap, Wal-Mart, Sears and Target are among the major American clothing retailers that balked at joining the accord, despite relying heavily on Bangladeshi suppliers. Some companies counter that they have their own safety improvement measures in place, while others, like Disney, have announced that they will leave Bangladesh altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western companies are often quick to argue that although wages and working conditions in Bangladesh are far from ideal, they’re a lot better than they would be if the garment industry wasn’t there at all. Western demand has created jobs and training for millions of people, particularly women, offering a greater degree of independence and economic security. Since the arrival of textile manufacturing in the late 1970s, Bangladesh’s \u003ca href=\"http://data.worldbank.org/country/bangladesh\">poverty rate\u003c/a> has fallen from about 70 percent to less than 40 percent. And even though \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12650940\">about half the country\u003c/a> still lives on less than a dollar a day, income has risen markedly for large swaths of the population. Health and education have improved incrementally as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What role do you play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>And then there’s us. Consumers in Western nations now buy more clothes than ever before, according to Cline, particularly cheap clothes that aren’t made to last. Factory conditions would likely improve if consumers were to demand it, especially if we were willing to pay more for our clothes and absorb some of the costs .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's easier said than done. It’s one thing to be horrified by Bangladesh’s recent tragedy and to hope conditions improve. It’s quite another thing, though, to choose to pay more for clothes that were ethically manufactured. With the exception of the worst tragedies that grab our attention, most of the inequities in this system are out of sight, out of mind. Which makes it all too easy to pretend they don’t exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which begs the question: How much more would you be willing to pay to know your clothes were being produced in an ethical manner?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/05/14/184019151/episode-458-bangladeshs-t-shirt-economy\" target=\"_blank\">NPR's Planet Money\u003c/a> show is documenting how T-shirts around the world are made.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Resources to further explore this issue\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lesson plan suggestions for using this issue in the classroom\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/corporate-irresponsibility-fashions-hidden-cost-in-bangladeshs-garment-industry/\">NY Times Learning Network\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/daily_videos/garment-industry-under-scrutiny-after-factory-collapse-in-bangladesh/\">PBS NewsHour Extra\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>International labor rights advocacy groups\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"International Labor Rights Fund\" href=\"http://www.laborrights.org/sites/default/files/publications-and-resources/DeadlySecrets.pdf\">International Labor Rights Fund\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Fair Labor Association\" href=\"http://www.fairlabor.org/\">Fair Labor Association\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.industriall-union.org/\">IndustriAll Global Union\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"International Labour Organization\" href=\"http://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm\">International Labour Organization (a United Nations organization)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sites that help track product origins in the global supply chain\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://sourcemap.com/\">SourceMap\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.importgenius.com/\">ImportGenius \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.piers.com/\">Piers\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Corporate responsibility statements from some major clothing retailers\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://about.hm.com/AboutSection/en/About/Sustainability/Commitments/Be-Ethical.html\">H&M\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gapinc.com/content/csr/html/OurResponsibility.html\">Gap\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://corporate.walmart.com/microsites/global-responsibility-report-2013/\">Wal-Mart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://corporate.target.com/corporate-responsibility\">Target\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/7912/who-made-your-t-shirt-the-hidden-cost-of-cheap-fashion","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_256","lowdown_491","lowdown_2402","lowdown_2399"],"tags":["lowdown_357","lowdown_359","lowdown_358","lowdown_2337","lowdown_360"],"featImg":"lowdown_8009","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_20231":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_20231","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"20231","score":null,"sort":[1479931217000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wait-but-werent-the-pilgrims-refugees-too","title":"Were the Pilgrims America's Original Refugees?","publishDate":1479931217,"format":"image","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Regardless of where you stand on admitting refugees from Syria or other war-torn countries into the United States, there is a certain irony in seeing this long-standing heated debate continue to unfold as we celebrate Thanksgiving this year, a national holiday rooted in the tenets of gratitude, kindness and acceptance of others .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main protagonists of the Thanksgiving story -- the Pilgrims -- were, after all, refugees of a sort as well. While they might not have necessarily fit neatly into the United Nations' \u003ca href=\"http://www.unrefugees.org/what-is-a-refugee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modern legal classification\u003c/a> of a \"refugee,\" they were undeniably seeking religious freedom and a refuge from persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the roughly 100 passengers who set sail aboard the Mayflower in 1620 in search of a better life, about a third were members of the radical Puritan faction known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/pilgrims-progress-135067108/?no-ist=&page=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Separatist Church\u003c/a>. The group fled religious persecution after illegally ceding from the Church of England, heading first to the Netherlands and eventually across the Atlantic to the New World.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although aiming for an area near the Hudson River, the ship ultimately landed on the shores of Cape Cod in what is modern-day Massachusetts, where its passengers founded the Plymouth Colony. The first winter was a rough one: nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">half the colony\u003c/a> died from starvation and inadequate shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as the story goes, the group acquired crucial agricultural advice and survival skills from the area's native inhabitants, and by the fall of 1621, had managed to scrape together enough food to at least marginally sustain themselves. The 53 remaining members of the colony famously celebrated a harvest feast with members of the Pokanoket tribe, an event \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/topics/pilgrims\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considered the basis\u003c/a> for today's Thanksgiving holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20262\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-20262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1.jpg\" alt=\"The First Thanksgiving 1621, oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899).\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The First Thanksgiving 1621, oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899). \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors… many of the Indians coming amongst us, and among the rest their greatest king Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/ap_first_thanksgiving.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a> Edward Winslow, one of the colony's leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the arrival of the newcomers didn't bode all that well for the Pokanokets, part of the larger Wampanoag Nation, whose population was rapidly decimated, largely due to smallpox and other diseases imported by the colonists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As liberal comedian John Oliver noted last year on his HBO show\u003ca href=\"http://www.hbo.com/last-week-tonight-with-john-oliver\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \"Last Week Tonight\u003c/a>,\" it was really the only influx of refugees in American history that had a significantly detrimental impact on the people already living here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every generation has had its own ugly reaction to refugees. ... And those fears have been broadly unfounded,” he said. “In fact, there was only one time in American history when the fear of refugees wiping everyone out did actually come true, and we’ll all be sitting around a table celebrating it on Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we get ready to celebrate Thanksgiving with friends and family who may not always be politically aligned, it's worth remembering what this holiday is intended to commemorate, and to keep in mind the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many millions of people\u003c/a> around the world today forced to flee their homes in search of safety.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1510956476,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":593},"headData":{"title":"Were the Pilgrims America's Original Refugees? | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"20231 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=20231","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/23/wait-but-werent-the-pilgrims-refugees-too/","disqusTitle":"Were the Pilgrims America's Original Refugees?","path":"/lowdown/20231/wait-but-werent-the-pilgrims-refugees-too","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Regardless of where you stand on admitting refugees from Syria or other war-torn countries into the United States, there is a certain irony in seeing this long-standing heated debate continue to unfold as we celebrate Thanksgiving this year, a national holiday rooted in the tenets of gratitude, kindness and acceptance of others .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main protagonists of the Thanksgiving story -- the Pilgrims -- were, after all, refugees of a sort as well. While they might not have necessarily fit neatly into the United Nations' \u003ca href=\"http://www.unrefugees.org/what-is-a-refugee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modern legal classification\u003c/a> of a \"refugee,\" they were undeniably seeking religious freedom and a refuge from persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the roughly 100 passengers who set sail aboard the Mayflower in 1620 in search of a better life, about a third were members of the radical Puritan faction known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/pilgrims-progress-135067108/?no-ist=&page=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Separatist Church\u003c/a>. The group fled religious persecution after illegally ceding from the Church of England, heading first to the Netherlands and eventually across the Atlantic to the New World.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although aiming for an area near the Hudson River, the ship ultimately landed on the shores of Cape Cod in what is modern-day Massachusetts, where its passengers founded the Plymouth Colony. The first winter was a rough one: nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">half the colony\u003c/a> died from starvation and inadequate shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as the story goes, the group acquired crucial agricultural advice and survival skills from the area's native inhabitants, and by the fall of 1621, had managed to scrape together enough food to at least marginally sustain themselves. The 53 remaining members of the colony famously celebrated a harvest feast with members of the Pokanoket tribe, an event \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/topics/pilgrims\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considered the basis\u003c/a> for today's Thanksgiving holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20262\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-20262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1.jpg\" alt=\"The First Thanksgiving 1621, oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899).\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/thanksgiving-pic1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The First Thanksgiving 1621, oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899). \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors… many of the Indians coming amongst us, and among the rest their greatest king Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/ap_first_thanksgiving.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a> Edward Winslow, one of the colony's leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the arrival of the newcomers didn't bode all that well for the Pokanokets, part of the larger Wampanoag Nation, whose population was rapidly decimated, largely due to smallpox and other diseases imported by the colonists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As liberal comedian John Oliver noted last year on his HBO show\u003ca href=\"http://www.hbo.com/last-week-tonight-with-john-oliver\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \"Last Week Tonight\u003c/a>,\" it was really the only influx of refugees in American history that had a significantly detrimental impact on the people already living here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every generation has had its own ugly reaction to refugees. ... And those fears have been broadly unfounded,” he said. “In fact, there was only one time in American history when the fear of refugees wiping everyone out did actually come true, and we’ll all be sitting around a table celebrating it on Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we get ready to celebrate Thanksgiving with friends and family who may not always be politically aligned, it's worth remembering what this holiday is intended to commemorate, and to keep in mind the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many millions of people\u003c/a> around the world today forced to flee their homes in search of safety.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/20231/wait-but-werent-the-pilgrims-refugees-too","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2402"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2465","lowdown_429"],"featImg":"lowdown_20233","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_18542":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_18542","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"18542","score":null,"sort":[1473966028000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mapping-refugees-worldwide-since-1975","title":"MAP: What 40 Years of Global Refugee Migration Looks Like","publishDate":1473966028,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/RstxqdvwFIo\u003cbr>\n[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>War and persecution have forced a record number of people worldwide to flee their homes, according to a June 2016 report from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations Refugee Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rapid increase in recent years has reached crisis levels, largely fueled by the ongoing war in Syria, the world's single-largest driver of displacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 2015, there were 65.3 million forcibly displaced people, or more than one in every 113 people worldwide, according to the report. Surpassing even post-World War II numbers, it's a 10 percent increase from 2014, and nearly double what it was 20 years ago. There were an estimated 12.4 million newly displaced people in 2015 alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This population included about 21.3 million refugees, 3.2 million asylum-seekers and 40.8 million people were internally displaced (within their own country).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 21.3 million refugees in 2015, 51 percent of them were children. The majority of refugees were from Syria, Afghanistan and Somalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://www.unrefugees.org/what-is-a-refugee/\" target=\"_blank\">Refugee\u003c/a>\" is an internationally recognized classification for those forced to flee their countries because of armed conflict or persecution. As laid out by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49da0e466.html\" target=\"_blank\">1951 Refugee Convention\u003c/a>, refugees are considered in a distinct category from migrants. The majority of them are eligible for protection and assistance from the UN and, to a varying degree, its member states (although each nation has distinct ways of admitting and serving refugee populations).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.therefugeeproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Refugee Project\u003c/a>, featured below, is an interactive mapping and storytelling platform that illustrates refugee migrations around the world every year since 1975. Created by design firm \u003ca href=\"http://hyperakt.com\">Hyperakt\u003c/a> and artist \u003ca href=\"http://ekeneijeoma.com/work\" target=\"_blank\">Ekene Ijeoma\u003c/a>, the project uses UN data through 2015 and only includes registered refugees under UN protection (not the millions of other displaced people and economic migrants around the world). Circles around each country expand and contract as the flow of refugees grows or slows, and a heatmap at the bottom shows the change in population over time. Radiating lines point to where refugees have found asylum. The map also includes short histories of major refugee crises over the past four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1200\" height=\"700px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" src=\"http://www.therefugeeproject.org/\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1474054791,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.therefugeeproject.org/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":355},"headData":{"title":"MAP: What 40 Years of Global Refugee Migration Looks Like | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"18542 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=18542","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/09/15/mapping-refugees-worldwide-since-1975/","disqusTitle":"MAP: What 40 Years of Global Refugee Migration Looks Like","customPermalink":"2015/0/09/mapping-refugees-worldwide-since-1975/","path":"/lowdown/18542/mapping-refugees-worldwide-since-1975","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/RstxqdvwFIo\u003cbr>\n[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>War and persecution have forced a record number of people worldwide to flee their homes, according to a June 2016 report from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations Refugee Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rapid increase in recent years has reached crisis levels, largely fueled by the ongoing war in Syria, the world's single-largest driver of displacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 2015, there were 65.3 million forcibly displaced people, or more than one in every 113 people worldwide, according to the report. Surpassing even post-World War II numbers, it's a 10 percent increase from 2014, and nearly double what it was 20 years ago. There were an estimated 12.4 million newly displaced people in 2015 alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This population included about 21.3 million refugees, 3.2 million asylum-seekers and 40.8 million people were internally displaced (within their own country).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 21.3 million refugees in 2015, 51 percent of them were children. The majority of refugees were from Syria, Afghanistan and Somalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://www.unrefugees.org/what-is-a-refugee/\" target=\"_blank\">Refugee\u003c/a>\" is an internationally recognized classification for those forced to flee their countries because of armed conflict or persecution. As laid out by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49da0e466.html\" target=\"_blank\">1951 Refugee Convention\u003c/a>, refugees are considered in a distinct category from migrants. The majority of them are eligible for protection and assistance from the UN and, to a varying degree, its member states (although each nation has distinct ways of admitting and serving refugee populations).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.therefugeeproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Refugee Project\u003c/a>, featured below, is an interactive mapping and storytelling platform that illustrates refugee migrations around the world every year since 1975. Created by design firm \u003ca href=\"http://hyperakt.com\">Hyperakt\u003c/a> and artist \u003ca href=\"http://ekeneijeoma.com/work\" target=\"_blank\">Ekene Ijeoma\u003c/a>, the project uses UN data through 2015 and only includes registered refugees under UN protection (not the millions of other displaced people and economic migrants around the world). Circles around each country expand and contract as the flow of refugees grows or slows, and a heatmap at the bottom shows the change in population over time. Radiating lines point to where refugees have found asylum. The map also includes short histories of major refugee crises over the past four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1200\" height=\"700px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" src=\"http://www.therefugeeproject.org/\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/18542/mapping-refugees-worldwide-since-1975","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2406","lowdown_2402","lowdown_242","lowdown_1","lowdown_457"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2466","lowdown_2465"],"featImg":"lowdown_18590","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_11819":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_11819","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"11819","score":null,"sort":[1470949230000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"timeline-a-history-of-political-controversy-at-the-olympics","title":"Political Tension at the Olympics: A History [Interactive Timeline]","publishDate":1470949230,"format":"image","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">[Scroll down for the interactive timeline]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">Just before the start of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach implored nations at odds with Russia to leave their political differences at the door.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sport can only contribute to development and peace if it’s not used as a stage for political dissent or for trying to score points in … political contests,” he said, echoing a rule in the Olympic charter eschewing political demonstrations. “Have the courage to address your disagreements in a peaceful direct political dialogue and not on the backs of the athletes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as might be expected at any major gathering of representatives from widely diverse nations, sometimes at odds with each other, political tensions inevitably creep into the fold. In fact, the Olympics have long been used as an arena for political posturing and a stage to voice dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2016 Summer Olympic Games , which kick off Friday in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are not likely to be an exception. Already, fears of a \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.wsj.com/threat-of-zika-at-the-rio-olympics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zika outbreak,\u003c/a> amid Brazil's social unrest and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-36028247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">political upheaval\u003c/a>, coupled with a long simmering controversy over\u003ca href=\"http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/18/sport/russia-doping-sochi-2014-olympic-games-rio-2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> disqualified Russian athletes\u003c/a> suspected of state-sponsored illegal doping have tainted the proceedings, raising tensions and diverting international focus from the actual events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline/latest/embed/index.html?source=0Ark5K5szJsMSdEF4MDg0RWJIY1ZuT1k5QWpIVUpkNXc&font=Bevan-PotanoSans&maptype=toner&lang=en&height=650\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1518569854,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":221},"headData":{"title":"Political Tension at the Olympics: A History [Interactive Timeline] | KQED","description":" Just before the start of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach implored nations at odds with Russia to leave their political differences at the door.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11819 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=11819","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/08/11/timeline-a-history-of-political-controversy-at-the-olympics/","disqusTitle":"Political Tension at the Olympics: A History [Interactive Timeline]","customPermalink":"2014/02/14/politics-at-olympics/","path":"/lowdown/11819/timeline-a-history-of-political-controversy-at-the-olympics","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">[Scroll down for the interactive timeline]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">Just before the start of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach implored nations at odds with Russia to leave their political differences at the door.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sport can only contribute to development and peace if it’s not used as a stage for political dissent or for trying to score points in … political contests,” he said, echoing a rule in the Olympic charter eschewing political demonstrations. “Have the courage to address your disagreements in a peaceful direct political dialogue and not on the backs of the athletes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as might be expected at any major gathering of representatives from widely diverse nations, sometimes at odds with each other, political tensions inevitably creep into the fold. In fact, the Olympics have long been used as an arena for political posturing and a stage to voice dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2016 Summer Olympic Games , which kick off Friday in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are not likely to be an exception. Already, fears of a \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.wsj.com/threat-of-zika-at-the-rio-olympics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zika outbreak,\u003c/a> amid Brazil's social unrest and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-36028247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">political upheaval\u003c/a>, coupled with a long simmering controversy over\u003ca href=\"http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/18/sport/russia-doping-sochi-2014-olympic-games-rio-2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> disqualified Russian athletes\u003c/a> suspected of state-sponsored illegal doping have tainted the proceedings, raising tensions and diverting international focus from the actual events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline/latest/embed/index.html?source=0Ark5K5szJsMSdEF4MDg0RWJIY1ZuT1k5QWpIVUpkNXc&font=Bevan-PotanoSans&maptype=toner&lang=en&height=650\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/11819/timeline-a-history-of-political-controversy-at-the-olympics","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_509","lowdown_2402","lowdown_457","lowdown_243","lowdown_2386"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_470","lowdown_152"],"featImg":"lowdown_11822","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_13161":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_13161","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"13161","score":null,"sort":[1464973251000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"on-tiananmen-square-anniversary-using-creative-memes-to-circumvent-censorship","title":"How A Rubber Duck Meme Sidestepped Censorship on Tiananmen Square Anniversary","publishDate":1464973251,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong> The rubber duck meme was temporarily removed by Chinese censors after it first appeared online in 2013, but reappeared the following year. Even the most subversive memes, it turns out, have limited shelf life.\u003c/em>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's safe to say that this was the first time the term \"Big Yellow Duck\" had ever been banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But had you searched for it (in Chinese) on June 4, 2013 on \u003ca href=\"http://www.weibo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Sina Weibo\u003c/a>, China’s biggest microblog site, a message would have informed you that it couldn't be shown \"according to relevant laws, statutes and policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out it's a result of clever photoshopping in the shadow of government censorship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday, June 4 marks the 27th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre, when the Chinese military in 1989 violently broke up a 6-week student pro-democracy rally. Ordered by the nation's hardline leaders to suppress the demonstration, troops entered the square with tanks and assault rifles, killing hordes of students who refused to move. Anywhere from 400 to over 1,000 unarmed protesters died (the actual number has never been released).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/YeFzeNAHEhU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although China has undergone dramatic economic changes in the years since, its communist government remains authoritarian in practice. Officials are quick to crack down on dissent, limiting freedom of speech and other basic civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Television, film and print media have long been under the government's strict control. And while the internet presents greater censorship challenges, the government has acted aggressively to limit access to search engines like Google, and filter content deemed subversive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As memory of this tragedy doesn't exactly cast the Chinese government in the most positive light, it's hardly surprising that they'd try to wipe out - or rewrite - as much information on it as possible. In fact,\u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/08/world/fg-history8\" target=\"_blank\"> Chinese history textbooks\u003c/a> are notorious for omitting any reference to Tiananmen Square and other incidents of government suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As George Orwell wrote in his dystopian novel \"1984\" (which is also widely censored):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"quoteText\" style=\"color: #181818;\">\u003cem>“He who controls the past controls the future. He who controls the present controls the past.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today\", \"Tonight\", \"June 4\", and \"Anniversary\" have been among \u003ca href=\"http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2014/06/sensitive-words-june-4th/\" target=\"_blank\">the many blocked words and terms\u003c/a> on Weibo, the Twitter-esque site, which has more than half a billion registered users in China. In recent years, more obscure workaround references, like \"May 35\" and \"63 plus 1\" have also popped up and been subsequently blacklisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000;\">So what about the \"big yellow duck\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese censors banned the term after the above image went viral on the social media site. The clever meme reinvents the iconic \"Tank Man\" image from the 1989 protest. The original image, captured by Associated Press photographer \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/02/asia/gallery/jeff-widener-gallery/\" target=\"_blank\">Jeff Widener\u003c/a>, shows a young man standing in front of four tanks, blocking them from moving forward (see original video footage above).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the real photo is, not surprisingly, nowhere to be found on Chinese websites, some clever artist created the duck image in its place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When government censors got wind of the image, they apparently failed to see the humor in it and didn't hesitate to add \"big yellow duck\" to the long and growing list of forbidden search terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000;\">Roughly a third of today's Chinese citizens were born after the 1989 protests. And with little historical information of the event on record, a huge chunk of the population -- as many as 400 million young people -- are likely to be largely unaware of this pivotal event in their nation's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The education system and the vast apparatus that censors the Chinese media and Internet have done such a formidable job at eliminating references to the events of 1989 that many young people are unaware of what happened or have only a faint notion of what happened,\" Jeremy Goldkorn, the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.danwei.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Danwei\u003c/a>, a Beijing-based firm that tracks Chinese media, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.afp.com/en\" target=\"_blank\">Agence France-Presse\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The result is that many young people who do not remember 1989 themselves would need an unusual degree of curiosity to look for information about what happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the government's ongoing efforts to erase undesirable history, the duck meme inspired other clever re-imaginings of the original image. Here are a few of them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \t \t\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-8028 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008.jpg\" alt=\"Lego tanks\" width=\"556\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008.jpg 460w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008-400x240.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008-320x192.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-13172 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570.jpg\" alt=\"o-COW-WEIBO-570\" width=\"555\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570.jpg 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570-400x269.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570-320x215.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1465229686,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":730},"headData":{"title":"How A Rubber Duck Meme Sidestepped Censorship on Tiananmen Square Anniversary | KQED","description":"Note: The rubber duck meme was temporarily removed by Chinese censors after it first appeared online in 2013, but reappeared the following year. Even the most subversive memes, it turns out, have limited shelf life.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"13161 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=13161","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/06/03/on-tiananmen-square-anniversary-using-creative-memes-to-circumvent-censorship/","disqusTitle":"How A Rubber Duck Meme Sidestepped Censorship on Tiananmen Square Anniversary","path":"/lowdown/13161/on-tiananmen-square-anniversary-using-creative-memes-to-circumvent-censorship","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong> The rubber duck meme was temporarily removed by Chinese censors after it first appeared online in 2013, but reappeared the following year. Even the most subversive memes, it turns out, have limited shelf life.\u003c/em>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's safe to say that this was the first time the term \"Big Yellow Duck\" had ever been banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But had you searched for it (in Chinese) on June 4, 2013 on \u003ca href=\"http://www.weibo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Sina Weibo\u003c/a>, China’s biggest microblog site, a message would have informed you that it couldn't be shown \"according to relevant laws, statutes and policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out it's a result of clever photoshopping in the shadow of government censorship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday, June 4 marks the 27th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre, when the Chinese military in 1989 violently broke up a 6-week student pro-democracy rally. Ordered by the nation's hardline leaders to suppress the demonstration, troops entered the square with tanks and assault rifles, killing hordes of students who refused to move. Anywhere from 400 to over 1,000 unarmed protesters died (the actual number has never been released).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/YeFzeNAHEhU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/YeFzeNAHEhU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Although China has undergone dramatic economic changes in the years since, its communist government remains authoritarian in practice. Officials are quick to crack down on dissent, limiting freedom of speech and other basic civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Television, film and print media have long been under the government's strict control. And while the internet presents greater censorship challenges, the government has acted aggressively to limit access to search engines like Google, and filter content deemed subversive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As memory of this tragedy doesn't exactly cast the Chinese government in the most positive light, it's hardly surprising that they'd try to wipe out - or rewrite - as much information on it as possible. In fact,\u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/08/world/fg-history8\" target=\"_blank\"> Chinese history textbooks\u003c/a> are notorious for omitting any reference to Tiananmen Square and other incidents of government suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As George Orwell wrote in his dystopian novel \"1984\" (which is also widely censored):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"quoteText\" style=\"color: #181818;\">\u003cem>“He who controls the past controls the future. He who controls the present controls the past.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today\", \"Tonight\", \"June 4\", and \"Anniversary\" have been among \u003ca href=\"http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2014/06/sensitive-words-june-4th/\" target=\"_blank\">the many blocked words and terms\u003c/a> on Weibo, the Twitter-esque site, which has more than half a billion registered users in China. In recent years, more obscure workaround references, like \"May 35\" and \"63 plus 1\" have also popped up and been subsequently blacklisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000;\">So what about the \"big yellow duck\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese censors banned the term after the above image went viral on the social media site. The clever meme reinvents the iconic \"Tank Man\" image from the 1989 protest. The original image, captured by Associated Press photographer \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/02/asia/gallery/jeff-widener-gallery/\" target=\"_blank\">Jeff Widener\u003c/a>, shows a young man standing in front of four tanks, blocking them from moving forward (see original video footage above).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the real photo is, not surprisingly, nowhere to be found on Chinese websites, some clever artist created the duck image in its place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When government censors got wind of the image, they apparently failed to see the humor in it and didn't hesitate to add \"big yellow duck\" to the long and growing list of forbidden search terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000;\">Roughly a third of today's Chinese citizens were born after the 1989 protests. And with little historical information of the event on record, a huge chunk of the population -- as many as 400 million young people -- are likely to be largely unaware of this pivotal event in their nation's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The education system and the vast apparatus that censors the Chinese media and Internet have done such a formidable job at eliminating references to the events of 1989 that many young people are unaware of what happened or have only a faint notion of what happened,\" Jeremy Goldkorn, the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.danwei.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Danwei\u003c/a>, a Beijing-based firm that tracks Chinese media, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.afp.com/en\" target=\"_blank\">Agence France-Presse\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The result is that many young people who do not remember 1989 themselves would need an unusual degree of curiosity to look for information about what happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the government's ongoing efforts to erase undesirable history, the duck meme inspired other clever re-imaginings of the original image. Here are a few of them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \t \t\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-8028 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008.jpg\" alt=\"Lego tanks\" width=\"556\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008.jpg 460w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008-400x240.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2013/06/Lego-tanks-008-320x192.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-13172 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570.jpg\" alt=\"o-COW-WEIBO-570\" width=\"555\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570.jpg 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570-400x269.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/06/o-COW-WEIBO-570-320x215.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/13161/on-tiananmen-square-anniversary-using-creative-memes-to-circumvent-censorship","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_509","lowdown_2402"],"tags":["lowdown_368","lowdown_2337","lowdown_366"],"featImg":"lowdown_22319","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_19689":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_19689","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"19689","score":null,"sort":[1443441656000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"searching-for-safety-europes-refugee-crisis-explained-comic-infographic","title":"The Refugee Crisis: What You Need to Know [A Comic Infographic]","publishDate":1443441656,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Click to view as a slideshow, or download the full piece \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/Migrant_full_edit.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery columns=\"1\" size=\"full\" ids=\"19691,20205,19693,19694,19695,19696,19697,19698,19699,19700,20203\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_quarterly_report\" target=\"_blank\">Eurostat\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html\" target=\"_blank\">1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://frontex.europa.eu/trends-and-routes/migratory-routes-map/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontex\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html\" target=\"_blank\">CIA World Factbook\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php\" target=\"_blank\">UNHCR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An comic infographic on the European refugee crisis.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1487371018,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":true,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":47},"headData":{"title":"The Refugee Crisis: What You Need to Know [A Comic Infographic] | KQED","description":"An comic infographic on the European refugee crisis.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"19689 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=19689","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/28/searching-for-safety-europes-refugee-crisis-explained-comic-infographic/","disqusTitle":"The Refugee Crisis: What You Need to Know [A Comic Infographic]","path":"/lowdown/19689/searching-for-safety-europes-refugee-crisis-explained-comic-infographic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Click to view as a slideshow, or download the full piece \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/Migrant_full_edit.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"gallery","attributes":{"named":{"columns":"1","size":"full","ids":"19691,20205,19693,19694,19695,19696,19697,19698,19699,19700,20203","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_quarterly_report\" target=\"_blank\">Eurostat\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html\" target=\"_blank\">1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://frontex.europa.eu/trends-and-routes/migratory-routes-map/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontex\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html\" target=\"_blank\">CIA World Factbook\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php\" target=\"_blank\">UNHCR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/19689/searching-for-safety-europes-refugee-crisis-explained-comic-infographic","authors":["7506"],"categories":["lowdown_588","lowdown_509","lowdown_2406","lowdown_2402"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2479","lowdown_2466","lowdown_2465"],"featImg":"lowdown_19724","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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