What You Need to Know about Gentrification (with Lesson Plan)
MAP: How Much Does It Really Cost to Live in California?
This is How Things Looked Last Time The Warriors Won A Championship
Map: San Francisco's Affordable Rent Gap Is Enough to Make You Sick ... Literally
The Cost of Housing Across the Bay Area
What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws?
Why Is It So Darn Expensive to Live in California?
Sponsored
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He previously produced \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/lowdown\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>, KQED’s multimedia news education blog. Matthew's written for numerous Bay Area publications, including the Oakland Tribune and San Francisco Chronicle. He also taught journalism classes at Fremont High School in East Oakland.\r\n\r\nEmail: mgreen@kqed.org; Twitter: @MGreenKQED","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"MGreenKQED","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"lowdown","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"education","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matthew Green | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/matthewgreen"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"lowdown_26269":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26269","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"26269","score":null,"sort":[1490164298000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-you-need-to-know-about-gentrification","title":"What You Need to Know about Gentrification (with Lesson Plan)","publishDate":1490164298,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/5nyDbHi1YQE\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Gentrification-lesson-plan1.pdf\">Lesson Plan: Gentrification (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (3/28/17): Immigrant rights\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Cold-pressed juice bar where the laundromat used to be? Check. Dog grooming service where a corner store once stood? Check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK, so maybe those aren't definitive indications of gentrification. But they are some pretty telltale signs that your neighborhood is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentrification -- derived from the word gentry, or people of high social class -- describes the economic and cultural transition that often occurs when wealthier people begin to move into predominantly poor inner-city neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term ‘gentrification’ was coined in 1964 by British sociologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/urbanlab/news/ruth-glass-seminar\" target=\"_blank\">Ruth Glass\u003c/a>, in reference to changes she observed in certain areas of inner London. \"One by one, many of the working class quarters have been invaded by the middle class,\" Glass said. \"Once this process of 'gentrification' starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the working class occupiers are displaced and the whole social social character of the district is changed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This shift typically pumps economic investment into the neighborhood, spurring new development and services that cater to higher-earning residents, while prompting rapid increases in rents and property values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this boost in resources can result in improved safety and services, it also invariably alters the character and culture of an established community. In many instances, long-term residents in the neighborhood are priced out and forced to move to more affordable communities farther afield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentrification can also heighten racial tensions in many neighborhoods, as the arrival of wealthier, mostly white newcomers can indirectly result in the eventual displacement of lower-income communities of color that have lived there for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me it’s primarily a racial justice story,\" said Rebecca Carroll, a WNYC producer and reporter for a podcast about gentrification in Brooklyn called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/neighborhood\" target=\"_blank\">There Goes the Neighborhood\u003c/a>.\" \"It’s a cycle of migration for black and brown people,\" she said in an interview with WNYC's \u003cem>The Takeaway\u003c/em>. \"Always moving according to when white people -- who are largely the people with money -- decide that they want to reclaim a neighborhood or a space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the hot-button topic of gentrification, a process that has swept through neighborhoods in cities across the country in recent decades, as interest in urban living has grown. It's a loaded term, generally used negatively to connote displacement and \"yuppification.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as with all demographic shifts, gentrification is complicated, and produces a host of changes -- some negative, some positive -- depending on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many impacts of gentrification actually appear quite desirable. The process can result in reduced crime and blight in neighborhoods that have long been under-resourced and overlooked. And it often yields new investment in buildings and infrastructure and a boost in local economic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, equity issues arise when the positive changes disproportionately benefit the newest arrivals and remain largely inaccessible to established community members, who find themselves socially and economically marginalized in their own neighborhoods. It can be particularly detrimental to lower-income renters, who are most vulnerable to rent hikes and are often the first to be forced out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/what-is-gentrification/\" target=\"_blank\">excellent description\u003c/a> of gentrification, part of POV's 2003 documentary project \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/\" target=\"_blank\">Flag Wars\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/\" target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>urban designer Benjamin Grant notes that the gentrification process in many neighborhoods is generally slow to catch on, but then reaches a tipping point and snowballs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Few people are willing to move into an unfamiliar neighborhood across class and racial lines,\" he writes. But \"once a few familiar faces are present, more people are willing to make the move. Word travels that an attractive neighborhood has been 'discovered' and the pace of change accelerates rapidly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there's no technical definition of gentrification, Grant notes, the process is generally characterized by specific changes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Demographics: An increase in median income, a decline in the proportion of racial minorities, and a reduction in household size, as low-income families are replaced by young singles and couples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Real Estate Markets: Large increases in rents and home prices, increases in the number of evictions, conversion of rental units to ownership (condos) and new development of luxury housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land Use: A decline in industrial uses, an increase in office or multimedia uses, the development of live-work “lofts” and high-end housing, retail, and restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culture and Character: New ideas about what is desirable and attractive, including standards (either informal or legal) for architecture, landscaping, public behavior, noise, and nuisance.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Grant goes on to note that a gentrified neighborhood often becomes a “victim of its own success.\" The rapid increase in desirability that spurs a spike in rents and property values can erode the qualities that attracted newcomers in the first place. As affordability decreases and lower-income residents are displaced -- often people of color and artists -- the neighborhood becomes noticeably less racially and culturally diverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/sep/19/city-resist-gentrification-displacement\" target=\"_blank\">Some cities\u003c/a> have made strides than others to slow the pace of gentrification, namely by safeguarding the supply of affordable housing and enforcing rent control laws. But it's proven a tricky balance to maintain, and anti-gentrification activists commonly accuse city governments of falling short in these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should come as little surprise then, that the San Francisco Bay Area -- one of the most expensive regions in the country with a rapidly growing population and a major dearth of affordable housing -- has long been a gentrification hotbed. Particularly during economic booms, like the current tech boom, the cost of living skyrockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As once lower-income neighborhoods in San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose and other major Bay Area cities become increasingly desirable and expensive, populations have shifted, in some cases dramatically. The resulting exodus of long-established, low-income communities of color to the region's cheaper peripheries has literally changed the face of many communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An oft-cited example is San Francisco's Mission District. Long known as an artistic enclave and hub of Latino culture and community, the neighborhood has undergone an accelerated level of gentrification during this latest economic boom. Rents and home prices have skyrocketed. New condominium developments dot the landscape. And scores of older businesses and galleries have been replaced by high-end restaurants and shops. Without an adequate affordable housing supply, low-income residents, many of them Latino, have been increasingly pushed out of a neighborhood they've lived in for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's African-American population has been more impacted by gentrification than perhaps any other group. Consider these figures:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1970, African-Americans made up 13.4 percent of San Francisco's population, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">census data\u003c/a>. By 2010, that population had shrunk to just 6.1 percent. Meanwhile, African-Americans in 1970 made up just .1 percent of the total population in the small city of Antioch, on the far northeastern edge of the Bay Area. By 2010, Antioch was 17.3 percent African-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the map below, which shows changes in the region's black population, by census tract, since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new KQED podcast \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1197721799\" target=\"_blank\">American Suburb\u003c/a> explores this outward migration. It tells the story of modern Antioch, where entire communities of African-Americans, many from Oakland and San Francisco, have relocated in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/qedup/\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to the \"American Suburb\" Series\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1197721799\" target=\"_blank\">Subscribe to the Podcast\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/309045884&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.socialexplorer.com/463000e967/embed\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1490830570,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://w.soundcloud.com/player/","https://www.socialexplorer.com/463000e967/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1246},"headData":{"title":"What You Need to Know about Gentrification (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What You Need to Know about Gentrification (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-03-22T06:31:38.000Z","dateModified":"2017-03-29T23:36:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"26269 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26269","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/03/21/what-you-need-to-know-about-gentrification/","disqusTitle":"What You Need to Know about Gentrification (with Lesson Plan)","path":"/lowdown/26269/what-you-need-to-know-about-gentrification","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/5nyDbHi1YQE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/5nyDbHi1YQE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Gentrification-lesson-plan1.pdf\">Lesson Plan: Gentrification (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (3/28/17): Immigrant rights\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Cold-pressed juice bar where the laundromat used to be? Check. Dog grooming service where a corner store once stood? Check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK, so maybe those aren't definitive indications of gentrification. But they are some pretty telltale signs that your neighborhood is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentrification -- derived from the word gentry, or people of high social class -- describes the economic and cultural transition that often occurs when wealthier people begin to move into predominantly poor inner-city neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term ‘gentrification’ was coined in 1964 by British sociologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/urbanlab/news/ruth-glass-seminar\" target=\"_blank\">Ruth Glass\u003c/a>, in reference to changes she observed in certain areas of inner London. \"One by one, many of the working class quarters have been invaded by the middle class,\" Glass said. \"Once this process of 'gentrification' starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the working class occupiers are displaced and the whole social social character of the district is changed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This shift typically pumps economic investment into the neighborhood, spurring new development and services that cater to higher-earning residents, while prompting rapid increases in rents and property values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this boost in resources can result in improved safety and services, it also invariably alters the character and culture of an established community. In many instances, long-term residents in the neighborhood are priced out and forced to move to more affordable communities farther afield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentrification can also heighten racial tensions in many neighborhoods, as the arrival of wealthier, mostly white newcomers can indirectly result in the eventual displacement of lower-income communities of color that have lived there for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me it’s primarily a racial justice story,\" said Rebecca Carroll, a WNYC producer and reporter for a podcast about gentrification in Brooklyn called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/neighborhood\" target=\"_blank\">There Goes the Neighborhood\u003c/a>.\" \"It’s a cycle of migration for black and brown people,\" she said in an interview with WNYC's \u003cem>The Takeaway\u003c/em>. \"Always moving according to when white people -- who are largely the people with money -- decide that they want to reclaim a neighborhood or a space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the hot-button topic of gentrification, a process that has swept through neighborhoods in cities across the country in recent decades, as interest in urban living has grown. It's a loaded term, generally used negatively to connote displacement and \"yuppification.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as with all demographic shifts, gentrification is complicated, and produces a host of changes -- some negative, some positive -- depending on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many impacts of gentrification actually appear quite desirable. The process can result in reduced crime and blight in neighborhoods that have long been under-resourced and overlooked. And it often yields new investment in buildings and infrastructure and a boost in local economic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, equity issues arise when the positive changes disproportionately benefit the newest arrivals and remain largely inaccessible to established community members, who find themselves socially and economically marginalized in their own neighborhoods. It can be particularly detrimental to lower-income renters, who are most vulnerable to rent hikes and are often the first to be forced out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/what-is-gentrification/\" target=\"_blank\">excellent description\u003c/a> of gentrification, part of POV's 2003 documentary project \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/\" target=\"_blank\">Flag Wars\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/\" target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>urban designer Benjamin Grant notes that the gentrification process in many neighborhoods is generally slow to catch on, but then reaches a tipping point and snowballs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Few people are willing to move into an unfamiliar neighborhood across class and racial lines,\" he writes. But \"once a few familiar faces are present, more people are willing to make the move. Word travels that an attractive neighborhood has been 'discovered' and the pace of change accelerates rapidly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there's no technical definition of gentrification, Grant notes, the process is generally characterized by specific changes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Demographics: An increase in median income, a decline in the proportion of racial minorities, and a reduction in household size, as low-income families are replaced by young singles and couples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Real Estate Markets: Large increases in rents and home prices, increases in the number of evictions, conversion of rental units to ownership (condos) and new development of luxury housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land Use: A decline in industrial uses, an increase in office or multimedia uses, the development of live-work “lofts” and high-end housing, retail, and restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culture and Character: New ideas about what is desirable and attractive, including standards (either informal or legal) for architecture, landscaping, public behavior, noise, and nuisance.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Grant goes on to note that a gentrified neighborhood often becomes a “victim of its own success.\" The rapid increase in desirability that spurs a spike in rents and property values can erode the qualities that attracted newcomers in the first place. As affordability decreases and lower-income residents are displaced -- often people of color and artists -- the neighborhood becomes noticeably less racially and culturally diverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/sep/19/city-resist-gentrification-displacement\" target=\"_blank\">Some cities\u003c/a> have made strides than others to slow the pace of gentrification, namely by safeguarding the supply of affordable housing and enforcing rent control laws. But it's proven a tricky balance to maintain, and anti-gentrification activists commonly accuse city governments of falling short in these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should come as little surprise then, that the San Francisco Bay Area -- one of the most expensive regions in the country with a rapidly growing population and a major dearth of affordable housing -- has long been a gentrification hotbed. Particularly during economic booms, like the current tech boom, the cost of living skyrockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As once lower-income neighborhoods in San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose and other major Bay Area cities become increasingly desirable and expensive, populations have shifted, in some cases dramatically. The resulting exodus of long-established, low-income communities of color to the region's cheaper peripheries has literally changed the face of many communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An oft-cited example is San Francisco's Mission District. Long known as an artistic enclave and hub of Latino culture and community, the neighborhood has undergone an accelerated level of gentrification during this latest economic boom. Rents and home prices have skyrocketed. New condominium developments dot the landscape. And scores of older businesses and galleries have been replaced by high-end restaurants and shops. Without an adequate affordable housing supply, low-income residents, many of them Latino, have been increasingly pushed out of a neighborhood they've lived in for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's African-American population has been more impacted by gentrification than perhaps any other group. Consider these figures:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1970, African-Americans made up 13.4 percent of San Francisco's population, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">census data\u003c/a>. By 2010, that population had shrunk to just 6.1 percent. Meanwhile, African-Americans in 1970 made up just .1 percent of the total population in the small city of Antioch, on the far northeastern edge of the Bay Area. By 2010, Antioch was 17.3 percent African-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the map below, which shows changes in the region's black population, by census tract, since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new KQED podcast \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1197721799\" target=\"_blank\">American Suburb\u003c/a> explores this outward migration. It tells the story of modern Antioch, where entire communities of African-Americans, many from Oakland and San Francisco, have relocated in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/qedup/\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to the \"American Suburb\" Series\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1197721799\" target=\"_blank\">Subscribe to the Podcast\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/309045884&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.socialexplorer.com/463000e967/embed\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26269/what-you-need-to-know-about-gentrification","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2378","lowdown_2363"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2599"],"featImg":"lowdown_26285","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_8545":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_8545","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"8545","score":null,"sort":[1446729659000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"calculating-the-real-cost-of-living-in-calfornia","title":"MAP: How Much Does It Really Cost to Live in California?","publishDate":1446729659,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nA single person in California needs to earn, \u003cem>on average,\u003c/em> about $12.30/hour working full time to cover basic living expenses. Add a kid to the mix, and that rate rises sharply to more than $25/hour. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to the \u003ca href=\"http://livingwage.mit.edu/states/06\" target=\"_blank\">Living Wage Calculator\u003c/a> created by Amy K. Glasmeier, a professor of urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Using data from various government agencies, her team calculated \"living wage\" rates for different household types in each state, county and major metropolitan area across the nation, then compared those rates to regional minimum wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Living wage,\" as defined by Glasmeier, is the amount an individual needs to earn (before taxes) to cover all basic household expense (food + healthcare + housing + transportation + childcare + other necessities). The rate is based on full-time work (2,080 hours per year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As her findings underscore, a significant gap often exists between a region's minimum wage and its living wage. It's a discrepancy that's recently been highlighted by protests among low-wage workers, as well as the growing number of cities and states that have raised their own minimum wages in the absence of federal legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mapped here are living wages for three types of households: single adult, single parent with one child and a parent with a non-working spouse and two children. Mouseover the map to view rates by county or major metropolitan area. For two-adult households, it assumes that one adult is the sole earner and the other a caregiver. Note that the map has not been updated to reflect California's Jan. 2016 wage increase (to $10/hr), or recently raised minimum wages in certain cities like San Francisco and Oakland. View full-screen version \u003ca href=\"http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>. [Article continues below map.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/\" width=\"1100\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Glasmeier notes, these results should be considered the minimum cost threshold; they are likely an underestimate, especially for metropolitan and other higher cost regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are estimates of how much each adult earner in various-sized California households would need to earn in order to pay for basic monthly living expenses. Keep in mind that these figures are estimated statewide averages. The actual cost of living in California, of course, varies significantly by region. Whereas rent in Stockton may be lower than what's shown here, San Francisco's average rent is, well, fuggedaboutit!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Additional methodology summarized below the charts and explained in greater detail \u003ca href=\"http://livingwage.mit.edu/pages/about\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//infogr.am/Monthly-Expenses-in-California\" width=\"600\" height=\"2500\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methodology (as explained by MIT's Glasmeier):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"The calculator lists typical expenses, the living wage and typical wages for the selected location ... The tool is designed to provide a minimum estimate of the cost of living for low wage families. The estimates do not reflect a middle class standard of living. The realism of the estimates depend on the type of community under study. Metropolitan counties are typically locations of high cost. In such cases, the calculator is likely to underestimate costs such as housing and child care. Consider the results a minimum cost threshold that serves as a benchmark, but only that. Users can substitute local data when available to generate more nuanced estimates. Adjustments to account for local conditions will provide greater realism and potentially increase the accuracy of the tool. As developed, the tool is meant to provide one perspective on the cost of living in America.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1501110082,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/","//infogr.am/Monthly-Expenses-in-California"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":565},"headData":{"title":"MAP: How Much Does It Really Cost to Live in California? | KQED","description":" A single person in California needs to earn, on average, about $12.30/hour working full time to cover basic living expenses. Add a kid to the mix, and that rate rises sharply to more than $25/hour. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"MAP: How Much Does It Really Cost to Live in California?","datePublished":"2015-11-05T13:20:59.000Z","dateModified":"2017-07-26T23:01:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"8545 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=8545","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/11/05/calculating-the-real-cost-of-living-in-calfornia/","disqusTitle":"MAP: How Much Does It Really Cost to Live in California?","path":"/lowdown/8545/calculating-the-real-cost-of-living-in-calfornia","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nA single person in California needs to earn, \u003cem>on average,\u003c/em> about $12.30/hour working full time to cover basic living expenses. Add a kid to the mix, and that rate rises sharply to more than $25/hour. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to the \u003ca href=\"http://livingwage.mit.edu/states/06\" target=\"_blank\">Living Wage Calculator\u003c/a> created by Amy K. Glasmeier, a professor of urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Using data from various government agencies, her team calculated \"living wage\" rates for different household types in each state, county and major metropolitan area across the nation, then compared those rates to regional minimum wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Living wage,\" as defined by Glasmeier, is the amount an individual needs to earn (before taxes) to cover all basic household expense (food + healthcare + housing + transportation + childcare + other necessities). The rate is based on full-time work (2,080 hours per year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As her findings underscore, a significant gap often exists between a region's minimum wage and its living wage. It's a discrepancy that's recently been highlighted by protests among low-wage workers, as well as the growing number of cities and states that have raised their own minimum wages in the absence of federal legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mapped here are living wages for three types of households: single adult, single parent with one child and a parent with a non-working spouse and two children. Mouseover the map to view rates by county or major metropolitan area. For two-adult households, it assumes that one adult is the sole earner and the other a caregiver. Note that the map has not been updated to reflect California's Jan. 2016 wage increase (to $10/hr), or recently raised minimum wages in certain cities like San Francisco and Oakland. View full-screen version \u003ca href=\"http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>. [Article continues below map.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2015/living-wage-map/\" width=\"1100\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Glasmeier notes, these results should be considered the minimum cost threshold; they are likely an underestimate, especially for metropolitan and other higher cost regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are estimates of how much each adult earner in various-sized California households would need to earn in order to pay for basic monthly living expenses. Keep in mind that these figures are estimated statewide averages. The actual cost of living in California, of course, varies significantly by region. Whereas rent in Stockton may be lower than what's shown here, San Francisco's average rent is, well, fuggedaboutit!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Additional methodology summarized below the charts and explained in greater detail \u003ca href=\"http://livingwage.mit.edu/pages/about\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"//infogr.am/Monthly-Expenses-in-California\" width=\"600\" height=\"2500\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methodology (as explained by MIT's Glasmeier):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"The calculator lists typical expenses, the living wage and typical wages for the selected location ... The tool is designed to provide a minimum estimate of the cost of living for low wage families. The estimates do not reflect a middle class standard of living. The realism of the estimates depend on the type of community under study. Metropolitan counties are typically locations of high cost. In such cases, the calculator is likely to underestimate costs such as housing and child care. Consider the results a minimum cost threshold that serves as a benchmark, but only that. Users can substitute local data when available to generate more nuanced estimates. Adjustments to account for local conditions will provide greater realism and potentially increase the accuracy of the tool. As developed, the tool is meant to provide one perspective on the cost of living in America.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/8545/calculating-the-real-cost-of-living-in-calfornia","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2378","lowdown_451","lowdown_435"],"tags":["lowdown_309","lowdown_2337","lowdown_378","lowdown_314"],"featImg":"lowdown_20082","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_18549":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_18549","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"18549","score":null,"sort":[1434595001000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heres-how-things-looked-the-last-time-the-warriors-won-an-nba-championship","title":"This is How Things Looked Last Time The Warriors Won A Championship","publishDate":1434595001,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/LdRAy7_g5Y0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the Golden State Warriors brought home an NBA title, Gerald Ford was president, the Vietnam War had just ended with the Fall of Saigon and a cute little flick about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0073195/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hungry shark\u003c/a> was about to break box office records.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, and California's governor? Yup ... still Jerry Brown (some things don't change).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Governor Moonbeam,\" as he'd soon be known, had just been sworn in for his first term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year was 1975 and the Warriors were considered such long-shots that the Oakland Arena had already been booked for an Ice Follies skating show that week, a scheduling conflict that forced the team to play their \"home games\" of the series at the Cow Palace in Daly City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why it’s the biggest upset in the N.B.A. finals,” Rick Barry, the star of that Warriors team, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/sports/basketball/when-the-warriors-lost-home-court-advantage-to-the-ice-follies.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New York Times\u003c/a> in a recent interview. “Even in our own arena, they were scheduling other things in the spring. They didn’t even think we would be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Warriors went on to sweep the highly favored Washington Bullets, winning their first title since 1956, when they still played in Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One newscaster at the time commented: \"Yes they had been called 'The Cardiac Kids.' Later they were called 'Destiny's Darling.' Now they were being called, 'Champions of the NBA.\"'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, the series was also the first and only time that two black head coaches have ever faced each other in an NBA finals (Golden State's Al Attles and Washington's K.C. Jones).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things have changed just a tad in the 40 years since Golden State's last championship. Back then, California was about 17 million residents slimmer. The BART Transbay Tube, which had opened for business less than a year beforehand, was still considered cutting edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1975 \u003ca href=\"http://web.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_304HJR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">median home price\u003c/a> in California was less than $200,000 (in 2015 dollars), and annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailycal.org/2014/12/22/history-uc-tuition-since-1868/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tuition \u003c/a>for in-state undergraduates at the University of California was about $630.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/IBM-5100.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-18567\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/IBM-5100-400x248.jpg\" alt=\"IBM-5100\" width=\"302\" height=\"187\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/IBM-5100-400x248.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/IBM-5100.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\">\u003c/a>That year, Bill Gates, a nerdy Harvard dropout, and two of his friends launched a little company called Microsoft. And IBM introduced the 5100, the first commercial portable computer. The cheapest model carried a price tag of about $40,000 (in today's dollars).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area that had recently been coined \"Silicon Valley\" was barely on the map. Cell phones and the World Wide Web were the stuff of science fiction. And another scrappy college dropout named Steve Jobs had just returned to the South Bay after his drug-fueled journey of enlightenment in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patty Hearst, the 20-year-old daughter of newspaper mogul Randolph Hearst was discovered in a San Francisco apartment more than a year after being reportedly kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army. She was subsequently arrested for armed robbery, .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://abcnews.go.com/video/embed?id=10924635\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was also the year that President Gerald Ford, who had taken office less than a year earlier after Richard Nixon's resignation, escaped two separate assassination attempts in California; one in Sacramento, one in San Francisco. Both of the assailants were women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping the Billboard charts in 1975 was Captain & Tennille's \"Love Will Keep Us Together,\" followed by Glen Campbell's \"Rhinestone Cowboy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/1G0sOA6hTg0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1975 was a solid year for other Bay Area sports teams as well: the Oakland A's topped the American League West and the Raiders led the AFC West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's hope that doesn't take another forty years.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A look back at 1975, when the Warriors reigned supreme. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1497380884,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.youtube.com/embed/LdRAy7_g5Y0","http://abcnews.go.com/video/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":595},"headData":{"title":"This is How Things Looked Last Time The Warriors Won A Championship | KQED","description":"A look back at 1975, when the Warriors reigned supreme. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"This is How Things Looked Last Time The Warriors Won A Championship","datePublished":"2015-06-18T02:36:41.000Z","dateModified":"2017-06-13T19:08:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"18549 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=18549","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/06/17/heres-how-things-looked-the-last-time-the-warriors-won-an-nba-championship/","disqusTitle":"This is How Things Looked Last Time The Warriors Won A Championship","path":"/lowdown/18549/heres-how-things-looked-the-last-time-the-warriors-won-an-nba-championship","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/LdRAy7_g5Y0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the Golden State Warriors brought home an NBA title, Gerald Ford was president, the Vietnam War had just ended with the Fall of Saigon and a cute little flick about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0073195/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hungry shark\u003c/a> was about to break box office records.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, and California's governor? Yup ... still Jerry Brown (some things don't change).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Governor Moonbeam,\" as he'd soon be known, had just been sworn in for his first term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year was 1975 and the Warriors were considered such long-shots that the Oakland Arena had already been booked for an Ice Follies skating show that week, a scheduling conflict that forced the team to play their \"home games\" of the series at the Cow Palace in Daly City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why it’s the biggest upset in the N.B.A. finals,” Rick Barry, the star of that Warriors team, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/sports/basketball/when-the-warriors-lost-home-court-advantage-to-the-ice-follies.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New York Times\u003c/a> in a recent interview. “Even in our own arena, they were scheduling other things in the spring. They didn’t even think we would be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Warriors went on to sweep the highly favored Washington Bullets, winning their first title since 1956, when they still played in Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One newscaster at the time commented: \"Yes they had been called 'The Cardiac Kids.' Later they were called 'Destiny's Darling.' Now they were being called, 'Champions of the NBA.\"'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, the series was also the first and only time that two black head coaches have ever faced each other in an NBA finals (Golden State's Al Attles and Washington's K.C. Jones).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things have changed just a tad in the 40 years since Golden State's last championship. Back then, California was about 17 million residents slimmer. The BART Transbay Tube, which had opened for business less than a year beforehand, was still considered cutting edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1975 \u003ca href=\"http://web.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_304HJR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">median home price\u003c/a> in California was less than $200,000 (in 2015 dollars), and annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailycal.org/2014/12/22/history-uc-tuition-since-1868/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tuition \u003c/a>for in-state undergraduates at the University of California was about $630.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/IBM-5100.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-18567\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/IBM-5100-400x248.jpg\" alt=\"IBM-5100\" width=\"302\" height=\"187\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/IBM-5100-400x248.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/IBM-5100.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\">\u003c/a>That year, Bill Gates, a nerdy Harvard dropout, and two of his friends launched a little company called Microsoft. And IBM introduced the 5100, the first commercial portable computer. The cheapest model carried a price tag of about $40,000 (in today's dollars).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area that had recently been coined \"Silicon Valley\" was barely on the map. Cell phones and the World Wide Web were the stuff of science fiction. And another scrappy college dropout named Steve Jobs had just returned to the South Bay after his drug-fueled journey of enlightenment in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patty Hearst, the 20-year-old daughter of newspaper mogul Randolph Hearst was discovered in a San Francisco apartment more than a year after being reportedly kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army. She was subsequently arrested for armed robbery, .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://abcnews.go.com/video/embed?id=10924635\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was also the year that President Gerald Ford, who had taken office less than a year earlier after Richard Nixon's resignation, escaped two separate assassination attempts in California; one in Sacramento, one in San Francisco. Both of the assailants were women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping the Billboard charts in 1975 was Captain & Tennille's \"Love Will Keep Us Together,\" followed by Glen Campbell's \"Rhinestone Cowboy.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1G0sOA6hTg0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1G0sOA6hTg0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>1975 was a solid year for other Bay Area sports teams as well: the Oakland A's topped the American League West and the Raiders led the AFC West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's hope that doesn't take another forty years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/18549/heres-how-things-looked-the-last-time-the-warriors-won-an-nba-championship","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2378","lowdown_2363","lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_2434","lowdown_2435","lowdown_2337","lowdown_2433"],"featImg":"lowdown_18574","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_9430":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_9430","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"9430","score":null,"sort":[1379632045000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rents-in-san-francisco-enough-to-make-you-sick-literally","title":"Map: San Francisco's Affordable Rent Gap Is Enough to Make You Sick ... Literally","publishDate":1379632045,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9474\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/09/housing-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9474\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/09/housing-map-300x253.png\" alt=\"housing map\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Looking for an apartment to rent in San Francisco?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brace yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the City by the Bay earned the dubious distinction of having \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/8334-505145_162-57593520/top-10-priciest-u.s-cities-to-rent-an-apartment/\" target=\"_blank\">America's most expensive rental market\u003c/a>, beating out longtime heavyweight New York. Due in part to the surge in the region's tech-fueled jobs market (some \"friend\" indeed, Zuckerberg!) and the city's longstanding shortage of affordable housing units, the spike has led to jaw-dropping rents, with the median monthly rate of a mere studio at more than $2,200 a month, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.apartmentlist.com/\" target=\"_blank\">apartmentlist.com\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for those of us not bringing in the 7-figure paychecks, how rough have things actually gotten out there? The interactive map below, produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfdph.org/dph/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/a> and designed by \u003ca href=\"http://www.mizmay.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Stephanie May\u003c/a>, shows a housing affordability gap that may just send you packing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the data, it takes earnings from more than five minimum wage jobs to afford the rent in a two-bedroom apartment in neighborhoods like the Mission and Potrero Hill, and more than seven minimum wage jobs to afford a similar unit in SoMa and the Financial District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/phes.Rent-Affordability-San-Francisco.html#13/37.7715/-122.4198\" width=\"1000\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003cp>Using Craigslist rental listing figures from the second-half of 2012, and median income data from the\u003ca href=\"http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml\" target=\"_blank\"> American Community Survey\u003c/a>, the map shows just how big the chasm is between median income and fair market rents in different parts of the city, and the number of minimum wage jobs a renter would have to work to be able to afford a two-bedroom apartment at those rent levels. (Fair market rent is the price to which 40 percent of listings are less than or equal in a given neighborhood.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that the wage calculations are based on San Francisco's 2012 minimum wage, which has since gone up to $10.55.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why is this being considered a health issue? As the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfphes.org/elements/housing41\" target=\"_blank\">department explains\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Residents who live in poor housing quality are at greater risk for problems associated with home deterioration such as compromised climate control, growth of mold and mildew, pest or rodent infestation, lead and other environmental hazards. Substandard housing is associated with respiratory tract irritation, allergic reactions, asthma and eye, nose, and throat irritation, and causes significant short-term and long-term health effects. These can include respiratory illness and disease, asthma attacks, cancer, and premature death.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432175168,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/phes.Rent-Affordability-San-Francisco.html#13/37.7715/-122.4198"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":404},"headData":{"title":"Map: San Francisco's Affordable Rent Gap Is Enough to Make You Sick ... Literally | KQED","description":"Looking for an apartment to rent in San Francisco? Brace yourself. Last year, the City by the Bay earned the dubious distinction of having America's most expensive rental market, beating out longtime heavyweight New York. Due in part to the surge in the region's tech-fueled jobs market (some "friend" indeed, Zuckerberg!) and the city's longstanding shortage","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Map: San Francisco's Affordable Rent Gap Is Enough to Make You Sick ... Literally","datePublished":"2013-09-19T23:07:25.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-21T02:26:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"9430 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=9430","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2013/09/19/rents-in-san-francisco-enough-to-make-you-sick-literally/","disqusTitle":"Map: San Francisco's Affordable Rent Gap Is Enough to Make You Sick ... Literally","path":"/lowdown/9430/rents-in-san-francisco-enough-to-make-you-sick-literally","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9474\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/09/housing-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9474\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/09/housing-map-300x253.png\" alt=\"housing map\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Looking for an apartment to rent in San Francisco?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brace yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the City by the Bay earned the dubious distinction of having \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/8334-505145_162-57593520/top-10-priciest-u.s-cities-to-rent-an-apartment/\" target=\"_blank\">America's most expensive rental market\u003c/a>, beating out longtime heavyweight New York. Due in part to the surge in the region's tech-fueled jobs market (some \"friend\" indeed, Zuckerberg!) and the city's longstanding shortage of affordable housing units, the spike has led to jaw-dropping rents, with the median monthly rate of a mere studio at more than $2,200 a month, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.apartmentlist.com/\" target=\"_blank\">apartmentlist.com\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for those of us not bringing in the 7-figure paychecks, how rough have things actually gotten out there? The interactive map below, produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfdph.org/dph/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/a> and designed by \u003ca href=\"http://www.mizmay.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Stephanie May\u003c/a>, shows a housing affordability gap that may just send you packing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the data, it takes earnings from more than five minimum wage jobs to afford the rent in a two-bedroom apartment in neighborhoods like the Mission and Potrero Hill, and more than seven minimum wage jobs to afford a similar unit in SoMa and the Financial District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/phes.Rent-Affordability-San-Francisco.html#13/37.7715/-122.4198\" width=\"1000\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003cp>Using Craigslist rental listing figures from the second-half of 2012, and median income data from the\u003ca href=\"http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml\" target=\"_blank\"> American Community Survey\u003c/a>, the map shows just how big the chasm is between median income and fair market rents in different parts of the city, and the number of minimum wage jobs a renter would have to work to be able to afford a two-bedroom apartment at those rent levels. (Fair market rent is the price to which 40 percent of listings are less than or equal in a given neighborhood.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that the wage calculations are based on San Francisco's 2012 minimum wage, which has since gone up to $10.55.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why is this being considered a health issue? As the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfphes.org/elements/housing41\" target=\"_blank\">department explains\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Residents who live in poor housing quality are at greater risk for problems associated with home deterioration such as compromised climate control, growth of mold and mildew, pest or rodent infestation, lead and other environmental hazards. Substandard housing is associated with respiratory tract irritation, allergic reactions, asthma and eye, nose, and throat irritation, and causes significant short-term and long-term health effects. These can include respiratory illness and disease, asthma attacks, cancer, and premature death.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/9430/rents-in-san-francisco-enough-to-make-you-sick-literally","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2378","lowdown_451","lowdown_242"],"tags":["lowdown_48","lowdown_346"],"featImg":"lowdown_9474","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_1068":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_1068","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"1068","score":null,"sort":[1322270638000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"interactive-map-the-cost-of-housing-across-the-bay-area","title":"The Cost of Housing Across the Bay Area","publishDate":1322270638,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Click on a county below to see median home prices and racial/ethnic demographic information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col4+from+2164844+&h=false&lat=37.88578800475701&lng=-122.370924&z=8&t=1&l=col4\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"500px\" height=\"600px\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432168620,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":17},"headData":{"title":"The Cost of Housing Across the Bay Area | KQED","description":"Click on a county below to see median home prices and racial/ethnic demographic information.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Cost of Housing Across the Bay Area","datePublished":"2011-11-26T01:23:58.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-21T00:37:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1068 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=1068","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2011/11/25/interactive-map-the-cost-of-housing-across-the-bay-area/","disqusTitle":"The Cost of Housing Across the Bay Area","path":"/lowdown/1068/interactive-map-the-cost-of-housing-across-the-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Click on a county below to see median home prices and racial/ethnic demographic information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col4+from+2164844+&h=false&lat=37.88578800475701&lng=-122.370924&z=8&t=1&l=col4\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"500px\" height=\"600px\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/1068/interactive-map-the-cost-of-housing-across-the-bay-area","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2378","lowdown_242"],"tags":["lowdown_308","lowdown_281","lowdown_307","lowdown_309","lowdown_20","lowdown_254"],"featImg":"lowdown_17858","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_170":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_170","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"170","score":null,"sort":[1322076884000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-so-fair-about-fair-housing-laws","title":"What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws?","publishDate":1322076884,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>In the 1960s Congress began enacting a series of civil rights laws intended to (among other things) protect certain classes of home-buyers or renters from discriminatory housing practices, and to help increase the supply and access of housing for lower income and underrepresented populations.\u003c!--more--> Known as “fair housing” legislation, the laws are administered and executed by the\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp\" target=\"_blank\"> U.S. Housing and Urban Development’s office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most prominent among them is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/title8.php\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a>, a part of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 that President Johnson signed exactly a week after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. As amended, the act prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of dwellings (homes of any kind) based on race, color, national origin, religion, gender, familial status, or disability. Essentially this means that a landlord or home seller can’t refuse a potential renter or buyer based on these bases. Interestingly, sexual orientation or gender identity is not included in the federal law, although it considered a protected class under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fehc.ca.gov/act/pdf/FEHA_Outline.pdf\">California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\nMarin County was recently found to be out of compliance with federal fair housing laws. How so?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s actually more an issue of what they \u003cem>didn’t\u003c/em> do, and how that can actually restrict housing choices to minority classes protected under federal and state housing laws. Here’s how:\u003cbr>\nMarin recently received a large pot of federal funding as part of a \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/programs\">Community Development Block Grant\u003c/a>. The grants are part of a HUD program meant to help local governments provide decent affordable housing services and jobs in lower income communities. In determining how the funds would be used, Marin was required to actively solicit and incorporate input from residents of its lower income and minority communities, and HUD alleged that the county did not do enough outreach to ensure that a representative swath of the population was included in the planning process. Marin also failed to provide HUD with an adequate demographic data profile (racial, ethnic, gender, disability) on who would benefit from the funds. Put simply: their record keeping wasn't up to snuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anne Quesada, the director of HUD’s regional Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity center, explains it like this: “Because they weren’t collecting or submitting accurate demographics from those getting direct benefits of the money, we couldn’t tell who was participating or benefiting from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a recipient of these funds, she adds, Marin must demonstrate that it is “affirmatively furthering fair housing” and that it has identified the “impediments to fair housing choice.” A crucial part of doing that is to demonstrate that the county isn’t just slapping up a bunch of affordable housing that's concentrated in just a few locations, the county must show that it is making proactive efforts to increase housing access throughout the jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HUD charged that Marin failed to comply with \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/cor/coord/titlevi.php\">Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964\u003c/a> as well as two other federal anti-discrimination statutes. Collectively, the laws prohibit discrimination (on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, disability, or religion) within programs and activities that receive federal funding. The county has already agreed to take action to increase accessibility to the county for minorities and other lower income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin has one of the most expensive housing markets in the country. The county is 80 percent white, according to \u003ca href=\"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06041.html\">2010 Census data\u003c/a>, with seven of the ten whitest communities in the Bay Area. Much of its small black and Hispanic population is concentrated in just areas: Marin City and San Rafael's Canal District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, Quesada says that similar instances of noncompliance by local government recipients are pretty common and, in most cases, fairly easy to rectify. Marin has since entered into a voluntary compliance agreement and last month submitted a document to HUD titled “\u003ca href=\"http://www.co.marin.ca.us/comdev/comdev/FEDERAL/ai/ai-esr-bos-10-11-11.pdf\">Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice” (AI)\u003c/a>, which the agency will review by the end of the year. Among the fair housing impediments Marin included in its report: strict zoning ordinances; restrictions on high-density, multi-family housing; insufficient outreach to non-English speakers, predatory lending practices; and negative stereotypes about low income residents with Section 8 vouchers.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhat does “fair housing” have to do with “affordable housing\"?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nExplicitly, not that much; no federal law mandates local governments to create specific numbers of affordable homes in their communities. In fact, under fair housing laws (both nationally and in California) landlords can lawfully discriminate against tenants with low incomes or bad credit histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, though, when local governments do receive CDBG grants and other housing funds, the money is explicitly intended to serve the needs of lower income and minority communities by increasing supply and access to affordable housing options throughout a jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you do build affordable housing, we’re interested in where you place housing,” notes Quesada. “Is it a good area? Is it a sustainable area? Who is benefiting?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nOnline fair housing resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opphttp://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp\">HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/FHLaws\">HUD’s List of Fair Housing Laws\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/programs\">HUD’s Community Development Block Grant Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://fairhousing.com/\">National Fair Housing Advocate\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.realtor.org/library/library/fg705\">National Association of Realtor Fair Housing Field Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1438359694,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":909},"headData":{"title":"What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws? | KQED","description":"In the 1960s Congress began enacting a series of civil rights laws intended to (among other things) protect certain classes of home-buyers or renters from discriminatory housing practices, and to help increase the supply and access of housing for lower income and underrepresented populations.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws?","datePublished":"2011-11-23T19:34:44.000Z","dateModified":"2015-07-31T16:21:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"170 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=170","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2011/11/23/whats-so-fair-about-fair-housing-laws/","disqusTitle":"What's So Fair About Fair Housing Laws?","path":"/lowdown/170/whats-so-fair-about-fair-housing-laws","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the 1960s Congress began enacting a series of civil rights laws intended to (among other things) protect certain classes of home-buyers or renters from discriminatory housing practices, and to help increase the supply and access of housing for lower income and underrepresented populations.\u003c!--more--> Known as “fair housing” legislation, the laws are administered and executed by the\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp\" target=\"_blank\"> U.S. Housing and Urban Development’s office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most prominent among them is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/title8.php\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a>, a part of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 that President Johnson signed exactly a week after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. As amended, the act prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of dwellings (homes of any kind) based on race, color, national origin, religion, gender, familial status, or disability. Essentially this means that a landlord or home seller can’t refuse a potential renter or buyer based on these bases. Interestingly, sexual orientation or gender identity is not included in the federal law, although it considered a protected class under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fehc.ca.gov/act/pdf/FEHA_Outline.pdf\">California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\nMarin County was recently found to be out of compliance with federal fair housing laws. How so?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s actually more an issue of what they \u003cem>didn’t\u003c/em> do, and how that can actually restrict housing choices to minority classes protected under federal and state housing laws. Here’s how:\u003cbr>\nMarin recently received a large pot of federal funding as part of a \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/programs\">Community Development Block Grant\u003c/a>. The grants are part of a HUD program meant to help local governments provide decent affordable housing services and jobs in lower income communities. In determining how the funds would be used, Marin was required to actively solicit and incorporate input from residents of its lower income and minority communities, and HUD alleged that the county did not do enough outreach to ensure that a representative swath of the population was included in the planning process. Marin also failed to provide HUD with an adequate demographic data profile (racial, ethnic, gender, disability) on who would benefit from the funds. Put simply: their record keeping wasn't up to snuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anne Quesada, the director of HUD’s regional Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity center, explains it like this: “Because they weren’t collecting or submitting accurate demographics from those getting direct benefits of the money, we couldn’t tell who was participating or benefiting from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a recipient of these funds, she adds, Marin must demonstrate that it is “affirmatively furthering fair housing” and that it has identified the “impediments to fair housing choice.” A crucial part of doing that is to demonstrate that the county isn’t just slapping up a bunch of affordable housing that's concentrated in just a few locations, the county must show that it is making proactive efforts to increase housing access throughout the jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HUD charged that Marin failed to comply with \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/cor/coord/titlevi.php\">Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964\u003c/a> as well as two other federal anti-discrimination statutes. Collectively, the laws prohibit discrimination (on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, disability, or religion) within programs and activities that receive federal funding. The county has already agreed to take action to increase accessibility to the county for minorities and other lower income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin has one of the most expensive housing markets in the country. The county is 80 percent white, according to \u003ca href=\"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06041.html\">2010 Census data\u003c/a>, with seven of the ten whitest communities in the Bay Area. Much of its small black and Hispanic population is concentrated in just areas: Marin City and San Rafael's Canal District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, Quesada says that similar instances of noncompliance by local government recipients are pretty common and, in most cases, fairly easy to rectify. Marin has since entered into a voluntary compliance agreement and last month submitted a document to HUD titled “\u003ca href=\"http://www.co.marin.ca.us/comdev/comdev/FEDERAL/ai/ai-esr-bos-10-11-11.pdf\">Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice” (AI)\u003c/a>, which the agency will review by the end of the year. Among the fair housing impediments Marin included in its report: strict zoning ordinances; restrictions on high-density, multi-family housing; insufficient outreach to non-English speakers, predatory lending practices; and negative stereotypes about low income residents with Section 8 vouchers.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhat does “fair housing” have to do with “affordable housing\"?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nExplicitly, not that much; no federal law mandates local governments to create specific numbers of affordable homes in their communities. In fact, under fair housing laws (both nationally and in California) landlords can lawfully discriminate against tenants with low incomes or bad credit histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, though, when local governments do receive CDBG grants and other housing funds, the money is explicitly intended to serve the needs of lower income and minority communities by increasing supply and access to affordable housing options throughout a jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you do build affordable housing, we’re interested in where you place housing,” notes Quesada. “Is it a good area? Is it a sustainable area? Who is benefiting?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nOnline fair housing resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opphttp://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp\">HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/FHLaws\">HUD’s List of Fair Housing Laws\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/programs\">HUD’s Community Development Block Grant Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://fairhousing.com/\">National Fair Housing Advocate\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.realtor.org/library/library/fg705\">National Association of Realtor Fair Housing Field Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/170/whats-so-fair-about-fair-housing-laws","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_2378","lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_21","lowdown_268","lowdown_50","lowdown_52","lowdown_54","lowdown_48","lowdown_310","lowdown_53","lowdown_273"],"featImg":"lowdown_17861","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_129":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_129","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"129","score":null,"sort":[1321657576000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"affordablehousing","title":"Why Is It So Darn Expensive to Live in California?","publishDate":1321657576,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Putting a roof over your head in the Golden State doesn't come cheap. Even with the second-highest unemployment rate in the country (after Nevada) and one of the highest rates of home foreclosures, California still remains among the most expensive states in the country to live in. The median home value here is 1.8 times the national average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>and the HUD-defined fair-market rate for a modest two-bedroom unit plus utilities is about $1,360 (compared to $960 nationally). The state has six of the top 10 most expensive home-buying markets in the country and five of the top 10 rental markets.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why so pricey?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of it comes down to basic supply and demand: Despite its many economic and fiscal challenges, California remains a highly desirable location, and there are still lots of people and businesses willing to pay a premium to be here. And despite the high number of foreclosures in recent years, residential vacancy rates are among the lowest in the country. Meanwhile, a variety of factors restrict housing construction: strong land-use regulations and building codes on one hand and physical barriers like mountain ranges in Southern California and the Bay-Delta estuary in the North. The recession and collapse of the housing market led to a plunge in new residential projects. In 2009-10, the state recorded the lowest number of new housing permits since it began keeping records more than a half-century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we’re looking at a state where housing costs remain high largely because new construction isn't keeping up with demand. It's also a place where unemployment is high and wages have not kept pace with housing costs. On top of all that, state and federal subsidies for affordable housing have suffered big cuts. The Golden State can be a tough place to keep your head above water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And then there's the Bay Area. . .\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With nine counties, 101 cities, and more than 7 million residents spread over 7,000 square miles, the Bay Area is one of the most expensive places in the United States to rent or buy a home. As of October 2011, the Bay Area median home price was $350,000, down from a 2007 high of $665,000. The HUD-defined fair market rate for a modest two-bedroom apartment and utilities ranges from about $1,260 in the Vallejo-Fairfield area to about $1,830 in Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo counties. According to an analysis from the National Low Income Housing Coalition, more than half of all Bay Area renters spend more than 30 percent of income on housing—the upper limit of what HUD considers affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To an even more dramatic degree than the rest of California, housing demand in the Bay Area outstrips supply, and the availability of affordable housing has sunk to a record low. Only about 15 percent of all are households able to afford a median-priced home here. This disproportionately affects lower-income families, many of whom work in the central Bay Area but have been forced to as far away as the Central Valley to find housing they can afford. The migration to cheaper areas carries its own steep cost. In 2009, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uli.org/report/bay-area-burden-examining-the-costs-and-impacts-of-housing-and-transportation-on-bay-area-residents-their-neighborhoods-and-the-environment/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Land Institute\u003c/a> reported that Bay Area households spent an average of about $13,400 a year on transportation.\u003cbr>\nWhat is \"Affordable Housing,\" anyway?\u003cbr>\nThe U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development considers a home affordable if a household pays no more than 30 percent of its gross income on a mortgage or rent and utilities. So, if you live in a one-bedroom apartment and your rent and utilities come to $900 a month, you'd need to be making a monthly wage of at least $3,000, or a yearly salary of at least $36,000, for your unit to be considered affordable. For a $2,000 monthly mortgage or rental payment, your monthly income would need to be $6,660 or about $80,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developments specifically intended as affordable housing are usually formed through a public-private partnership and generally created by a nonprofit developer using a combination of private funding, government subsidies, and rental income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do local governments need to do about affordable housing?\u003cbr>\nCalifornia law requires every city and county to adopt a housing element as part of its general plan and revise it every five years. The law aims to ensure that local governments plan for the housing needs of everyone in the community, whatever their income, and requires them to adopt land-use and other regulations to “create opportunities for, and … not unduly constrain, housing development. Regional planning councils use state housing need estimates to assign housing unit goals or allocations to each city or unincorporated area in their area. Noncompliance and weak enforcement of the law have been an ongoing issue in many jurisdictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the regional council is the Association of Bay Area Governments. In 2007 it released a Regional Housing Needs Allocation and made projections through 2014 (the projections will be revised next year). In the Bay Area as a whole, the report anticipates the need to create 214,500 new housing units by 2014. Of those, nearly 49,000 should be for those with very low incomes (household incomes 50 percent or less than median income); about 35,000 for low income residents (between 50 percent and 80 percent of median income); roughly 41,000 for moderate-income residents (80 percent and 120 percent) and just over 89,000 for above-moderate income residents (more than 120 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's the deal with \"inclusionary housing\"?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain city or county ordinances require that a specific portion of new housing construction be affordable to low and moderate incomes residents. Also called inclusionary zoning, the goal is to increase the supply and distribution of affordable housing by giving private market developers incentives that reduce their construction costs. More than 100 jurisdictions statewide have adopted inclusionary housing ordinances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Affordable housing resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hcd.ca.gov/fa/affrdble-housng.html\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Housing and Community Development's list of affordable housing developments by county.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nonprofithousing.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Nonprofit Housing Association of Northern California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.housingadvocates.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Housing Law Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nlchp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Law Center for Homelessness and Poverty\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calreinvest.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Reinvestment Coalition\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.housingca.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Housing California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nlihc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Low Income Housing Coalition\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.affordable-housing.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Affordable Housing Clearinghouse\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1432145831,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1062},"headData":{"title":"Why Is It So Darn Expensive to Live in California? | KQED","description":"Putting a roof over your head in the Golden State doesn't come cheap. Even with the second-highest unemployment rate in the country (after Nevada) and one of the highest rates of home foreclosures, California still remains among the most expensive states in the country to live in. The median home value here is 1.8 times","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Is It So Darn Expensive to Live in California?","datePublished":"2011-11-18T23:06:16.000Z","dateModified":"2015-05-20T18:17:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"129 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=129","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2011/11/18/affordablehousing/","disqusTitle":"Why Is It So Darn Expensive to Live in California?","WpOldSlug":"why-is-housing-in-ca-so-freakin-expensive","path":"/lowdown/129/affordablehousing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Putting a roof over your head in the Golden State doesn't come cheap. Even with the second-highest unemployment rate in the country (after Nevada) and one of the highest rates of home foreclosures, California still remains among the most expensive states in the country to live in. The median home value here is 1.8 times the national average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>and the HUD-defined fair-market rate for a modest two-bedroom unit plus utilities is about $1,360 (compared to $960 nationally). The state has six of the top 10 most expensive home-buying markets in the country and five of the top 10 rental markets.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why so pricey?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of it comes down to basic supply and demand: Despite its many economic and fiscal challenges, California remains a highly desirable location, and there are still lots of people and businesses willing to pay a premium to be here. And despite the high number of foreclosures in recent years, residential vacancy rates are among the lowest in the country. Meanwhile, a variety of factors restrict housing construction: strong land-use regulations and building codes on one hand and physical barriers like mountain ranges in Southern California and the Bay-Delta estuary in the North. The recession and collapse of the housing market led to a plunge in new residential projects. In 2009-10, the state recorded the lowest number of new housing permits since it began keeping records more than a half-century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we’re looking at a state where housing costs remain high largely because new construction isn't keeping up with demand. It's also a place where unemployment is high and wages have not kept pace with housing costs. On top of all that, state and federal subsidies for affordable housing have suffered big cuts. The Golden State can be a tough place to keep your head above water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And then there's the Bay Area. . .\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With nine counties, 101 cities, and more than 7 million residents spread over 7,000 square miles, the Bay Area is one of the most expensive places in the United States to rent or buy a home. As of October 2011, the Bay Area median home price was $350,000, down from a 2007 high of $665,000. The HUD-defined fair market rate for a modest two-bedroom apartment and utilities ranges from about $1,260 in the Vallejo-Fairfield area to about $1,830 in Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo counties. According to an analysis from the National Low Income Housing Coalition, more than half of all Bay Area renters spend more than 30 percent of income on housing—the upper limit of what HUD considers affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To an even more dramatic degree than the rest of California, housing demand in the Bay Area outstrips supply, and the availability of affordable housing has sunk to a record low. Only about 15 percent of all are households able to afford a median-priced home here. This disproportionately affects lower-income families, many of whom work in the central Bay Area but have been forced to as far away as the Central Valley to find housing they can afford. The migration to cheaper areas carries its own steep cost. In 2009, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uli.org/report/bay-area-burden-examining-the-costs-and-impacts-of-housing-and-transportation-on-bay-area-residents-their-neighborhoods-and-the-environment/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Land Institute\u003c/a> reported that Bay Area households spent an average of about $13,400 a year on transportation.\u003cbr>\nWhat is \"Affordable Housing,\" anyway?\u003cbr>\nThe U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development considers a home affordable if a household pays no more than 30 percent of its gross income on a mortgage or rent and utilities. So, if you live in a one-bedroom apartment and your rent and utilities come to $900 a month, you'd need to be making a monthly wage of at least $3,000, or a yearly salary of at least $36,000, for your unit to be considered affordable. For a $2,000 monthly mortgage or rental payment, your monthly income would need to be $6,660 or about $80,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developments specifically intended as affordable housing are usually formed through a public-private partnership and generally created by a nonprofit developer using a combination of private funding, government subsidies, and rental income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do local governments need to do about affordable housing?\u003cbr>\nCalifornia law requires every city and county to adopt a housing element as part of its general plan and revise it every five years. The law aims to ensure that local governments plan for the housing needs of everyone in the community, whatever their income, and requires them to adopt land-use and other regulations to “create opportunities for, and … not unduly constrain, housing development. Regional planning councils use state housing need estimates to assign housing unit goals or allocations to each city or unincorporated area in their area. Noncompliance and weak enforcement of the law have been an ongoing issue in many jurisdictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the regional council is the Association of Bay Area Governments. In 2007 it released a Regional Housing Needs Allocation and made projections through 2014 (the projections will be revised next year). In the Bay Area as a whole, the report anticipates the need to create 214,500 new housing units by 2014. Of those, nearly 49,000 should be for those with very low incomes (household incomes 50 percent or less than median income); about 35,000 for low income residents (between 50 percent and 80 percent of median income); roughly 41,000 for moderate-income residents (80 percent and 120 percent) and just over 89,000 for above-moderate income residents (more than 120 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's the deal with \"inclusionary housing\"?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain city or county ordinances require that a specific portion of new housing construction be affordable to low and moderate incomes residents. Also called inclusionary zoning, the goal is to increase the supply and distribution of affordable housing by giving private market developers incentives that reduce their construction costs. More than 100 jurisdictions statewide have adopted inclusionary housing ordinances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Affordable housing resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hcd.ca.gov/fa/affrdble-housng.html\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Housing and Community Development's list of affordable housing developments by county.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nonprofithousing.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Nonprofit Housing Association of Northern California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.housingadvocates.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Housing Law Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nlchp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Law Center for Homelessness and Poverty\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calreinvest.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Reinvestment Coalition\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.housingca.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Housing California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nlihc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Low Income Housing Coalition\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.affordable-housing.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Affordable Housing Clearinghouse\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/129/affordablehousing","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2378"],"tags":["lowdown_50","lowdown_51","lowdown_49","lowdown_48","lowdown_22"],"featImg":"lowdown_244","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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