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And figuring out what illegal vs. what's just really nasty and not cool can get really confusing fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make some sense of it all, comic journalist Andy Warner breaks down some of these definitions and legalities. (The article continues below the comic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30346 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--160x1084.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--240x1625.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--375x2540.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--520x3522.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s administration has been unequivocal in its support of free speech, refusing to discriminate, even the ugliest forms of speech. Last year the school consistently allowed controversial speakers on campus. In some cases, it even spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on security to maintain safety at the events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these speakers have drawn thousands of protesters determined to shut them down. They say it’s one thing to encourage free speech that fosters debate, but hateful speech that specifically targets disenfranchised communities can cause serious harm and has no place on a public campus that’s supposed to be a safe and inclusive environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When speech is grounded in hate for another person, it’s not free speech any more,” Zaynab Abdulqadir-Morris, a Cal senior and president of the Associated Students of the University of California \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/24/uc-berkeley-tries-to-reclaim-its-free-speech-legacy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told the Mercury News\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But campus officials argue that a publicly-funded university like UC Berkeley has a legal obligation to allow everyone to speak on campus, no matter how extreme or offensive their views (unlike a private institution that has more leeway to limit speech).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite rejecting what these speakers stand for, the administration says it would nevertheless be setting a dangerous precedent if a public university (or the government, for that matter) was allowed to decide what forms of speech are acceptable or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/08/23/chancellor-christ-free-speech-is-who-we-are/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter written last August\u003c/a> to UC Berkeley students and faculty, Chancellor Carol Christ explained this rationale:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some constitutionally protected speech attacks the very identity of particular groups of individuals in ways that are deeply hurtful. However, the right response is not the heckler’s veto, or what some call platform denial. Call toxic speech out for what it is, don’t shout it down, for in shouting it down, you collude in the narrative that universities are not open to all speech.”\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"30343 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30343","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/03/07/heres-the-deal-with-free-speech-and-hate-speech-on-campus/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":466,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":14},"modified":1574225887,"excerpt":"A video and comic on hate speech, prohibited speech and everything in between. ","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"A video and comic on hate speech, prohibited speech and everything in between. ","title":"An Illustrated Guide to Free Speech and Hate Speech on Campus | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"An Illustrated Guide to Free Speech and Hate Speech on Campus","datePublished":"2018-03-07T12:29:05-08:00","dateModified":"2019-11-19T20:58:07-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heres-the-deal-with-free-speech-and-hate-speech-on-campus","status":"publish","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/t_fYFSX5A44","path":"/lowdown/30343/heres-the-deal-with-free-speech-and-hate-speech-on-campus","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/t_fYFSX5A44'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/t_fYFSX5A44'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>2017 was a big year, and important test, for free speech in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From white nationalist rallies to black NFL players taking a knee during the National Anthem, high profile examples of political expression were on full display, attracting tons of media attention and provoking heated debates about that most fundamental of American rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video explains, public university campuses, in particular, have been reluctant hosts to some of the most explosive clashes over free speech, especially hate speech against specific disenfranchised groups of people. And figuring out what illegal vs. what's just really nasty and not cool can get really confusing fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make some sense of it all, comic journalist Andy Warner breaks down some of these definitions and legalities. (The article continues below the comic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30346 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--160x1084.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--240x1625.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--375x2540.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--520x3522.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s administration has been unequivocal in its support of free speech, refusing to discriminate, even the ugliest forms of speech. Last year the school consistently allowed controversial speakers on campus. In some cases, it even spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on security to maintain safety at the events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these speakers have drawn thousands of protesters determined to shut them down. They say it’s one thing to encourage free speech that fosters debate, but hateful speech that specifically targets disenfranchised communities can cause serious harm and has no place on a public campus that’s supposed to be a safe and inclusive environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When speech is grounded in hate for another person, it’s not free speech any more,” Zaynab Abdulqadir-Morris, a Cal senior and president of the Associated Students of the University of California \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/24/uc-berkeley-tries-to-reclaim-its-free-speech-legacy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told the Mercury News\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But campus officials argue that a publicly-funded university like UC Berkeley has a legal obligation to allow everyone to speak on campus, no matter how extreme or offensive their views (unlike a private institution that has more leeway to limit speech).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite rejecting what these speakers stand for, the administration says it would nevertheless be setting a dangerous precedent if a public university (or the government, for that matter) was allowed to decide what forms of speech are acceptable or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/08/23/chancellor-christ-free-speech-is-who-we-are/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter written last August\u003c/a> to UC Berkeley students and faculty, Chancellor Carol Christ explained this rationale:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some constitutionally protected speech attacks the very identity of particular groups of individuals in ways that are deeply hurtful. However, the right response is not the heckler’s veto, or what some call platform denial. Call toxic speech out for what it is, don’t shout it down, for in shouting it down, you collude in the narrative that universities are not open to all speech.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30343/heres-the-deal-with-free-speech-and-hate-speech-on-campus","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618","lowdown_2390","lowdown_588"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2649"],"featImg":"lowdown_30349","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_30098":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30098","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"30098","score":null,"sort":[1518029789000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1518029789,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Why Are American Public Schools Still So Segregated?","title":"Why Are American Public Schools Still So Segregated?","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/v2TG9n0vc-4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 2014, white students no longer made up the majority of America's public elementary and secondary school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003ch4>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Using The Lowdown and Above the Noise in the Classroom\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28023 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/hands.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"100\">\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Ideas for analysis, discussion and multimedia projects. Browse our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lesson archive here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-28156\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-160x160.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-150x150.png 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon.png 229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 76px) 100vw, 76px\">\u003cstrong>Read-Think-Respond:\u003c/strong> How diverse is your school and does that impact your education? \u003cem>[\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">comment here\u003c/a>]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28152 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan.png 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">\u003cstrong>Teach\u003c/strong>: An \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/Why-Are-Schools-Still-Segregated-lesson-plan.docx_.pdf\">original lesson plan\u003c/a> on school segregation and \u003cem>a\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/Source-List_-School-Segregation-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">list of sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video points out, \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cge.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this milestone\u003c/a> might give the impression that public schools are becoming increasingly diverse institutions, with a solid mix of white students and students of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, by and large, they're not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, schools have gotten steadily more segregated in recent decades. According to research from UCLA's \u003ca href=\"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/brown-at-60-great-progress-a-long-retreat-and-an-uncertain-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Civil Rights Project\u003c/a>, black students are just as segregated today as they were in the 1960s, before serious enforcement of federal desegregation orders went into effect. The study found that in most public schools throughout the country, there's\u003ca href=\"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/mlk-national/e-pluribus...separation-deepening-double-segregation-for-more-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> little contact between white students and students of color\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Segregated schools have been shown to have disproportionately negative impacts on minority populations, especially in low-income communities. These students often attend schools with fewer resources, less experienced teachers and lower academic achievement rates. And that can affect everything from a student's chances of graduating high school and going to college to what kind of jobs they get and the amount of money they earn over the course of their careers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to visualize the extent of modern segregation, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/americas-public-schools-remain-highly-segregated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Institute\u003c/a>, a left-leaning policy group, mapped 2011-12 \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/pubschuniv.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">government education data\u003c/a> on the racial composition of public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These maps show that America’s public schools are \u003ca href=\"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/brown-at-60-great-progress-a-long-retreat-and-an-uncertain-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">highly segregated by race and income\u003c/a>, with the declining share of white students typically concentrated in schools with other white students and the growing share of Latino students concentrated into low-income public schools with other students of color,\" the Urban Institute notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maps reveal that in every state except New Mexico and Hawaii, the average white student \u003ca href=\"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/mlk-national/e-pluribus...separation-deepening-double-segregation-for-more-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attends a majority white school\u003c/a>. It's a finding that's unsurprising for many rural areas of the country with small minority populations. But the trend persists even in the most mixed parts of diverse states like California, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania and New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse over this map for county-specific data on the share of white students attending majority-white schools, as well as the percentage of white, black and Latino students in that county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none; border-style: none;\" src=\"https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_white.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Urban Institute notes, the racial separation is most dramatic in the nation's large metropolitan population centers, where the most students of color live. For example, Chicago's student population is about 25 percent white, 31 percent black and 37 percent Latino. But a whopping 96 percent of black students attend majority non-white schools and 67 percent of white students attend majority white schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend is similar in other cities and counties with large minority populations, including Detroit, Minneapolis, New York and Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none; border-style: none;\" src=\"https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_black.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern schools, which underwent forced integration efforts beginning in the late 1960s, still have the largest mix of black and white students, although those rates are dropping rapidly as a result of recently suspended court orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none; border-style: none;\" src=\"https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_latino.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Watch: The Battle for School Busing from the Retro Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/sld722slarw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"30098 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30098","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/02/07/why-have-americas-public-schools-gotten-more-racially-segregated/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":579,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_white.html","https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_black.html","https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_latino.html"],"paragraphCount":23},"modified":1520460303,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"Why Are American Public Schools Still So Segregated? | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Are American Public Schools Still So Segregated?","datePublished":"2018-02-07T10:56:29-08:00","dateModified":"2018-03-07T14:05:03-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-have-americas-public-schools-gotten-more-racially-segregated","status":"publish","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/v2TG9n0vc-4","path":"/lowdown/30098/why-have-americas-public-schools-gotten-more-racially-segregated","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/v2TG9n0vc-4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/v2TG9n0vc-4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>As of 2014, white students no longer made up the majority of America's public elementary and secondary school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003ch4>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Using The Lowdown and Above the Noise in the Classroom\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28023 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/hands.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"100\">\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Ideas for analysis, discussion and multimedia projects. Browse our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lesson archive here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-28156\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-160x160.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon-150x150.png 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/36843_comments-icon.png 229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 76px) 100vw, 76px\">\u003cstrong>Read-Think-Respond:\u003c/strong> How diverse is your school and does that impact your education? \u003cem>[\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">comment here\u003c/a>]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28152 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan.png 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Lesson-plan-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">\u003cstrong>Teach\u003c/strong>: An \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/Why-Are-Schools-Still-Segregated-lesson-plan.docx_.pdf\">original lesson plan\u003c/a> on school segregation and \u003cem>a\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/02/Source-List_-School-Segregation-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">list of sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video points out, \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cge.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this milestone\u003c/a> might give the impression that public schools are becoming increasingly diverse institutions, with a solid mix of white students and students of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, by and large, they're not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, schools have gotten steadily more segregated in recent decades. According to research from UCLA's \u003ca href=\"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/brown-at-60-great-progress-a-long-retreat-and-an-uncertain-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Civil Rights Project\u003c/a>, black students are just as segregated today as they were in the 1960s, before serious enforcement of federal desegregation orders went into effect. The study found that in most public schools throughout the country, there's\u003ca href=\"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/mlk-national/e-pluribus...separation-deepening-double-segregation-for-more-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> little contact between white students and students of color\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Segregated schools have been shown to have disproportionately negative impacts on minority populations, especially in low-income communities. These students often attend schools with fewer resources, less experienced teachers and lower academic achievement rates. And that can affect everything from a student's chances of graduating high school and going to college to what kind of jobs they get and the amount of money they earn over the course of their careers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to visualize the extent of modern segregation, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/americas-public-schools-remain-highly-segregated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Institute\u003c/a>, a left-leaning policy group, mapped 2011-12 \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/pubschuniv.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">government education data\u003c/a> on the racial composition of public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These maps show that America’s public schools are \u003ca href=\"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/brown-at-60-great-progress-a-long-retreat-and-an-uncertain-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">highly segregated by race and income\u003c/a>, with the declining share of white students typically concentrated in schools with other white students and the growing share of Latino students concentrated into low-income public schools with other students of color,\" the Urban Institute notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maps reveal that in every state except New Mexico and Hawaii, the average white student \u003ca href=\"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/mlk-national/e-pluribus...separation-deepening-double-segregation-for-more-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attends a majority white school\u003c/a>. It's a finding that's unsurprising for many rural areas of the country with small minority populations. But the trend persists even in the most mixed parts of diverse states like California, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania and New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse over this map for county-specific data on the share of white students attending majority-white schools, as well as the percentage of white, black and Latino students in that county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none; border-style: none;\" src=\"https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_white.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Urban Institute notes, the racial separation is most dramatic in the nation's large metropolitan population centers, where the most students of color live. For example, Chicago's student population is about 25 percent white, 31 percent black and 37 percent Latino. But a whopping 96 percent of black students attend majority non-white schools and 67 percent of white students attend majority white schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend is similar in other cities and counties with large minority populations, including Detroit, Minneapolis, New York and Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none; border-style: none;\" src=\"https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_black.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern schools, which underwent forced integration efforts beginning in the late 1960s, still have the largest mix of black and white students, although those rates are dropping rapidly as a result of recently suspended court orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none; border-style: none;\" src=\"https://apps.urban.org/features/public-school-segregation/index_latino.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Watch: The Battle for School Busing from the Retro Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/sld722slarw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/sld722slarw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30098/why-have-americas-public-schools-gotten-more-racially-segregated","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618","lowdown_2390","lowdown_2399"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_60"],"featImg":"lowdown_30283","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_11352":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_11352","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"11352","score":null,"sort":[1515718841000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1515718841,"format":"aside","title":"QUIZ: How Much Do You Know about Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement?","headTitle":"QUIZ: How Much Do You Know about Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement? | KQED","content":"\u003cp>Born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would have turned 91 on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take this quiz to see how much you know about the civil rights icon and the movement he helped lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Article continues below the quiz …)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/16444120/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:800px;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us know at least a little something about the man: a brilliant African-American civil rights leader who delivered the famous “I Have a Dream” speech and was assassinated for his efforts. City streets throughout the nation bear his name. A national holiday commemorates his achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most Americans, though, knowledge about King — and basic understanding of civil rights history overall — doesn’t extend much beyond that. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/15/education/15history.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> National Assessment of Educational Progress,\u003c/a> for instance, reported that only 2 percent of high school seniors could correctly answer a basic question about the Supreme Court’s landmark Brown v. Board of Education case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2011 study by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/news/splc-study-finds-that-more-than-half-of-states-fail-at-teaching-the-civil-rights-m\">Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) \u003c/a>looked at public K-12 education standards and curriculum requirements in every state, and found that 35 states – including California – failed to cover many of the core concepts and details about the Civil Rights Movement. Sixteen of these states (including Iowa and New Hampshire) did not require any instruction about the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too many students, their civil rights education boils down to two people and four words: Rosa Parks, Dr. King and ‘I have a dream,’” said Maureen Costello, director of SPLC’s Teaching Tolerance program. “By having weak or non-existent standards for history, particularly for the Civil Rights Movement, (most states) are saying loud and clear that it isn’t something students need to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that much of what is taught about the movement in schools largely focuses on major leaders and events, but fails to address the systemic and often persistent issues like racism and economic injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the country, Dr. King is honored as a national hero. Hundreds of cities have streets that bear his name, and two years ago a memorial on the National Mall in Washington was unveiled. But if Dr. King’s teachings aren’t passed on to younger generations, the report notes, then all these tributes fall far short of handing down his legacy.\u003c/p>\n\n","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":395,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/16444120/embed"],"paragraphCount":12},"modified":1705347009,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would have turned 91 on Monday. Take this quiz to see how much you know about the civil rights icon and the movement he helped lead. (Article continues below the quiz ...) Most of us know at least a little something about the man: a brilliant African-American civil rights leader who delivered the famous “I Have a Dream” speech and was assassinated for his efforts. City streets throughout the nation bear his name. A national holiday commemorates his achievements. For most Americans, though, knowledge about King — and","title":"QUIZ: How Much Do You Know about Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement? | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUIZ: How Much Do You Know about Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement?","datePublished":"2018-01-11T17:00:41-08:00","dateModified":"2024-01-15T11:30:09-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-much-do-you-really-know-about-martin-luther-king-and-the-civil-rights-movement","status":"publish","customPermalink":"2014/01/13/11352/Martin-Luther-King/","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","sticky":false,"articleAge":"0","path":"/lowdown/11352/how-much-do-you-really-know-about-martin-luther-king-and-the-civil-rights-movement","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would have turned 91 on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take this quiz to see how much you know about the civil rights icon and the movement he helped lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Article continues below the quiz …)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/16444120/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:800px;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us know at least a little something about the man: a brilliant African-American civil rights leader who delivered the famous “I Have a Dream” speech and was assassinated for his efforts. City streets throughout the nation bear his name. A national holiday commemorates his achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most Americans, though, knowledge about King — and basic understanding of civil rights history overall — doesn’t extend much beyond that. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/15/education/15history.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> National Assessment of Educational Progress,\u003c/a> for instance, reported that only 2 percent of high school seniors could correctly answer a basic question about the Supreme Court’s landmark Brown v. Board of Education case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2011 study by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/news/splc-study-finds-that-more-than-half-of-states-fail-at-teaching-the-civil-rights-m\">Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) \u003c/a>looked at public K-12 education standards and curriculum requirements in every state, and found that 35 states – including California – failed to cover many of the core concepts and details about the Civil Rights Movement. Sixteen of these states (including Iowa and New Hampshire) did not require any instruction about the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too many students, their civil rights education boils down to two people and four words: Rosa Parks, Dr. King and ‘I have a dream,’” said Maureen Costello, director of SPLC’s Teaching Tolerance program. “By having weak or non-existent standards for history, particularly for the Civil Rights Movement, (most states) are saying loud and clear that it isn’t something students need to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that much of what is taught about the movement in schools largely focuses on major leaders and events, but fails to address the systemic and often persistent issues like racism and economic injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the country, Dr. King is honored as a national hero. Hundreds of cities have streets that bear his name, and two years ago a memorial on the National Mall in Washington was unveiled. But if Dr. King’s teachings aren’t passed on to younger generations, the report notes, then all these tributes fall far short of handing down his legacy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/11352/how-much-do-you-really-know-about-martin-luther-king-and-the-civil-rights-movement","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_243"],"tags":["lowdown_462","lowdown_2337","lowdown_53"],"featImg":"lowdown_11463","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_29228":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_29228","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"29228","score":null,"sort":[1513307876000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1513307876,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"Before #MeToo: The Long Struggle Against Sexual Harassment at Work (with Interactive Timeline and Lesson Plan)","title":"Before #MeToo: The Long Struggle Against Sexual Harassment at Work (with Interactive Timeline and Lesson Plan)","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the dam finally broke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's when multiple women, including female employees and actresses, began to accuse powerful film producer and studio executive Harvey Weinstein of explicit sexual harassment. The revelations came more than a year after Roger Ailes, the chairman of Fox News, was toppled following allegations of sexual misconduct, and just months since Fox News host Bill O'Reilly was forced out on similar charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Weinstein revelations hit a particular nerve, sparking a tidal wave of allegations against \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/11/10/us/men-accused-sexual-misconduct-weinstein.html\">scores of powerful men\u003c/a> in multiple industries, from Hollywood and the media to the halls of state and local government. Many of the accused have been rapidly ousted, including news anchors Charlie Rose and Matt Lauer, actors Kevin Spacey and Louis C.K., public radio personality Garrison Keillor, Sen. Al Franken (D-Minn) and Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.) -- to name just a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Weinstein disclosures also reignited the viral #MeToo campaign, which had been introduced a decade earlier by social justice activist Tarana Burke. After Weinstein's fall, the phrase was resurrected by actress Alyssa Milano, who encouraged women to tweet about experiences with sexual misconduct. Millions of people in multiple countries have since used the hashtag to share their own experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WATCH:\u003c/strong>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"https://www.retroreport.org/video/why-hasnt-sexual-harassment-disappeared/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Retro Report's\u003c/a> short doc on sexual harassment's evolution (11:23)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/fnk_mDUu9o4\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/The-fight-against-sexual-harassment-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Sexual Harassment (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Related coverage\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/06/i-dont-feel-safe-at-work-your-metoo-stories/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Your #MeToo Stories\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/08/sex-ed-class-tackles-harassment-and-the-metoo-movement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Sex Ed Class Discusses Harassment\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/rape-on-the-night-shift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rape on the Night Shift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It's worth keeping in mind, though, that not until fairly recently was workplace sexual harassment even considered a thing. Women had been mistreated and sexually abused in the workplace for centuries, often with virtually no means of redress. It wasn't until about 40 years ago that people even knew what to call sexual harassment, let alone challenge it through any legal framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has slowly changed, thanks in part to the efforts of a group of often overlooked trailblazing women, many of them black and working class, who risked their reputations and livelihoods to fight back against the male colleagues they say mistreated them, and the institutions that neglected to take their allegations seriously. But despite the recent surge of women coming forward, progress on the issue remains slow. Workplace sexual harassment is still pervasive, particularly among lower-income women in service jobs who often lack the means to fight back (as KQED reporter Sasha Khokha details in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/rape-on-the-night-shift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rape on the Night Shift\u003c/a>, her 18-month investigation into the rampant sexual abuse of female janitorial workers in California).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This timeline recounts some of the key moments in the modern-day fight to expose and ultimately end sexual harassment at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1poCSt1OgMgwOUwyYGWwztADezQZHtEQXAIqUIbPjiQg&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=800\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"29228 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=29228","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/12/14/timeline-a-short-history-of-the-long-fight-against-sexual-harassment/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":473,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"paragraphCount":13},"modified":1521831700,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"Before #MeToo: The Long Struggle Against Sexual Harassment at Work (with Interactive Timeline and Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Before #MeToo: The Long Struggle Against Sexual Harassment at Work (with Interactive Timeline and Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-12-14T19:17:56-08:00","dateModified":"2018-03-23T12:01:40-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"timeline-a-short-history-of-the-long-fight-against-sexual-harassment","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/29228/timeline-a-short-history-of-the-long-fight-against-sexual-harassment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the dam finally broke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's when multiple women, including female employees and actresses, began to accuse powerful film producer and studio executive Harvey Weinstein of explicit sexual harassment. The revelations came more than a year after Roger Ailes, the chairman of Fox News, was toppled following allegations of sexual misconduct, and just months since Fox News host Bill O'Reilly was forced out on similar charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Weinstein revelations hit a particular nerve, sparking a tidal wave of allegations against \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/11/10/us/men-accused-sexual-misconduct-weinstein.html\">scores of powerful men\u003c/a> in multiple industries, from Hollywood and the media to the halls of state and local government. Many of the accused have been rapidly ousted, including news anchors Charlie Rose and Matt Lauer, actors Kevin Spacey and Louis C.K., public radio personality Garrison Keillor, Sen. Al Franken (D-Minn) and Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.) -- to name just a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Weinstein disclosures also reignited the viral #MeToo campaign, which had been introduced a decade earlier by social justice activist Tarana Burke. After Weinstein's fall, the phrase was resurrected by actress Alyssa Milano, who encouraged women to tweet about experiences with sexual misconduct. Millions of people in multiple countries have since used the hashtag to share their own experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WATCH:\u003c/strong>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"https://www.retroreport.org/video/why-hasnt-sexual-harassment-disappeared/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Retro Report's\u003c/a> short doc on sexual harassment's evolution (11:23)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fnk_mDUu9o4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fnk_mDUu9o4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/12/The-fight-against-sexual-harassment-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Sexual Harassment (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Related coverage\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/06/i-dont-feel-safe-at-work-your-metoo-stories/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Your #MeToo Stories\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/08/sex-ed-class-tackles-harassment-and-the-metoo-movement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Sex Ed Class Discusses Harassment\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/rape-on-the-night-shift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rape on the Night Shift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It's worth keeping in mind, though, that not until fairly recently was workplace sexual harassment even considered a thing. Women had been mistreated and sexually abused in the workplace for centuries, often with virtually no means of redress. It wasn't until about 40 years ago that people even knew what to call sexual harassment, let alone challenge it through any legal framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has slowly changed, thanks in part to the efforts of a group of often overlooked trailblazing women, many of them black and working class, who risked their reputations and livelihoods to fight back against the male colleagues they say mistreated them, and the institutions that neglected to take their allegations seriously. But despite the recent surge of women coming forward, progress on the issue remains slow. Workplace sexual harassment is still pervasive, particularly among lower-income women in service jobs who often lack the means to fight back (as KQED reporter Sasha Khokha details in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/rape-on-the-night-shift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rape on the Night Shift\u003c/a>, her 18-month investigation into the rampant sexual abuse of female janitorial workers in California).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This timeline recounts some of the key moments in the modern-day fight to expose and ultimately end sexual harassment at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1poCSt1OgMgwOUwyYGWwztADezQZHtEQXAIqUIbPjiQg&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=800\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/29228/timeline-a-short-history-of-the-long-fight-against-sexual-harassment","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_2399","lowdown_1","lowdown_243"],"tags":["lowdown_2640","lowdown_2337"],"featImg":"lowdown_29303","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_28059":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_28059","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"28059","score":null,"sort":[1507294810000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1507294810,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Stop-and-Frisk: A Brief History of a Controversial Policing Tool (with Lesson Plan)","title":"Stop-and-Frisk: A Brief History of a Controversial Policing Tool (with Lesson Plan)","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>On the campaign trail, President Trump repeatedly insisted that \"stop-and-frisk\" policing was among the most effective strategies for driving down violent crime. And following his boss' lead, Attorney General Jeff Sessions has shown strong support for helping city police departments revive the controversial tactic, in which officers stop and sometimes search people they think look suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/Stop-and-Frisk-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: Stop-and-Frisk Policing (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Advocates say it's a way to stop crime before it happens, particularly in urban areas where it's often most rampant. Opponents, though, counter that it gives police license to racially profile people, and that minority residents are disproportionately targeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive explainer, produced by Newsbound's Josh Kalven, explores the evolution of stop-and-frisk policing and the heated legal battles that have long surrounded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1280\" height=\"650\" src=\"//view.stacker.cc/KQEDLowdown/stop_frisk/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","disqusIdentifier":"28059 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=28059","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/10/06/stop-and-frisk-a-brief-history-of-a-controversial-policing-tool-with-lesson-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":155,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["//view.stacker.cc/KQEDLowdown/stop_frisk/index.html"],"paragraphCount":6},"modified":1582225952,"excerpt":"An interactive history of stop-and-frisk policing practices and the legal battles surrounding it.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"An interactive history of stop-and-frisk policing practices and the legal battles surrounding it.","title":"Stop-and-Frisk: A Brief History of a Controversial Policing Tool (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stop-and-Frisk: A Brief History of a Controversial Policing Tool (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-10-06T06:00:10-07:00","dateModified":"2020-02-20T11:12:32-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stop-and-frisk-a-brief-history-of-a-controversial-policing-tool-with-lesson-plan","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/28059/stop-and-frisk-a-brief-history-of-a-controversial-policing-tool-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the campaign trail, President Trump repeatedly insisted that \"stop-and-frisk\" policing was among the most effective strategies for driving down violent crime. And following his boss' lead, Attorney General Jeff Sessions has shown strong support for helping city police departments revive the controversial tactic, in which officers stop and sometimes search people they think look suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/Stop-and-Frisk-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: Stop-and-Frisk Policing (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Advocates say it's a way to stop crime before it happens, particularly in urban areas where it's often most rampant. Opponents, though, counter that it gives police license to racially profile people, and that minority residents are disproportionately targeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive explainer, produced by Newsbound's Josh Kalven, explores the evolution of stop-and-frisk policing and the heated legal battles that have long surrounded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1280\" height=\"650\" src=\"//view.stacker.cc/KQEDLowdown/stop_frisk/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/28059/stop-and-frisk-a-brief-history-of-a-controversial-policing-tool-with-lesson-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_552","lowdown_2399","lowdown_1","lowdown_2366","lowdown_243"],"tags":["lowdown_2622","lowdown_2337","lowdown_2621"],"featImg":"lowdown_28077","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_28030":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_28030","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"28030","score":null,"sort":[1503776646000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1503776646,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"What Is Antifa? An Activist and Scholar Of the Movement Explains","title":"What Is Antifa? An Activist and Scholar Of the Movement Explains","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note (Tuesday, Aug. 29, 7 p.m.)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>On Sunday afternoon, a handful of right-wing demonstrators were attacked by black-clad, masked protestors in Berkeley’s Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park. Black bloc is a tactic affiliated with the left-wing antifa movement that often involves militant, illegal actions. The violent protestors were\u003c/em>\u003cem> a very small contingent of the roughly 2,000 mostly peaceful marchers participating in the city's “Rally Against Hate” gatherings.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During President Trump's now-infamous press conference \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-lashes-alt-left-charlottesville-fine-people-sides/story?id=49235032\">earlier this month\u003c/a>, he insisted that “both sides” were to blame for the violence and unrest during a white nationalist rally in Charlottesville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump asked: “What about the alt-left that came charging at the, as you say, the ‘alt-right’? Do they have any assemblage of guilt?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there is no official “alt-left,” Trump was likely referring to antifa (pronounced an-tee-fah), a loosely organized network of left-wing agitators that have come out in force, sometimes physically, to oppose recent white nationalist rallies around the country. He subsequently mentioned the group by name during \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/us/politics/trump-rally-arizona.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a late August rally\u003c/a> in Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short for “anti-fascist,” antifa is not a single group or organization. It lacks any kind of formal leadership structure and encompasses a variety of leftist groups -- from anarchists to anti-capitalists -- who are devoted to squashing the growth of autocratic rule and white supremacy, sometimes by any means necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"People who are going out in the streets might not be part of specific organization,\" said Nicholas Jeffries, an Oakland-based antifa activist. \"It's more of a sentiment ... a political counterweight that is trying to fight and ultimately destroy the ability of white supremacists to organize.” Asked about the use of violent tactics to achieve this objective, he said: \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Allowing these types of groups to have any room is ostensibly the most violent thing that anyone can do.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his recently released \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Antifa-Antifascist-Handbook-Mark-Bray/dp/1612197035\">history\u003c/a>, author Mark Bray writes that antifa “can variously be described as a kind of ideology, an identity, a tendency or milieu, or an activity of self-defense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antifa, Bray explains, traces its roots to the 1920s and ’30s, when militant leftists violently clashed with \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fascism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fascists\u003c/a> – albeit unsuccessfully -- in the streets of Germany, Italy, and Spain. The movement, and its tactic of street-level clashes, had a resurgence in the 1970s and ’80s in reaction to the emergence of neo-Nazi skinheads in Britain's punk music scene, and again in Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall. It took hold within segments of U.S. punk culture in the 1980s, more typically under the broader cause of anti-racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally speaking, those who identify with antifa neither want or trust government forces to suppress white supremacist movements; they want to be on the frontline, destroying it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more perspective, I recently interviewed \u003ca href=\"http://drexel.edu/coas/faculty-research/faculty-directory/GeorgeCiccariello-Maher/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">George Ciccariello-Maher\u003c/a>, a professor of politics and global studies at Drexel University. He studies the history of radical social movements in Latin America and the United States, as well as the extreme right wing movements they oppose - in particular, those aligned with white supremacy and fascism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, he has also participated in antifa-related organizing efforts and strongly defends its strategy. He spoke to me by phone from his home in Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How would you define antifa? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: Antifa is not a specific organization. Maybe you could call it a movement, but it's really more an orientation. And that orientation is of course in the name: it's against fascism and recognizing the need to confront that fascism directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an orientation antifa plays a specific role. It is against something. Most antifa members identify with anarchism or communism of a certain sort. In other words, the radical overthrow of the existing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the same time antifa itself is a negative force in the sense of fighting against something else without specifying what it wants to build. And so it's different from most membership political organizations in that sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategy and approach that most define antifa is the need to directly confront fascism before it grows. Nip it in the bud. Destroy it before it can become a mass movement. This is something that history tells us is crucially important, that you don’t sit around and wait for Nazism and fascism to emerge and develop. You smash it at its inception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In moments like Charlottesville, rather than a handful of masked people with antifa flags, you had hundreds of people if not more doing antifa work: confronting the fascists and identifying themselves not as members of this sort of non-organization that is antifa, but as part of an antifa force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: And so how does antifa overlap with other radical leftist entities like black bloc and By Any Means Necessary that often participate in street protests?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: Black bloc is a tactic that involves dressing a certain way [in black, with faces covered by masks or scarves] and often engaging in property destruction, which antifa doesn't always do, of course. And By Any Means Necessary is a specific membership organization that happens to be very present in the Bay but not so much other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all organized structures that are engaging with anti-fascist struggles in important ways and choosing to go to the streets when it comes to confronting these Nazis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How would you describe antifa’s resistance tactics? When is violence considered necessary? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: The vast majority of these tactics are non-violent. It’s work on the computer. It’s reconnaissance and research work. It’s “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxing\">doxing\u003c/a>” and outing white supremacists to their employers and to their communities as a way of making their organizing impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it does also involve what we’ve seen in terms of direct action and resistance in the streets. And this all comes from antifa’s analysis that white supremacy is not a rational ideology. It’s not something that you can convince people to give up. It’s not something that they hold because it’s logical or rational in any way. You can give a million reasons as to why someone shouldn’t be a Nazi and that won’t convince them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so you really need to think about other ways of confronting and resisting and opposing them. That means obstruction. It means not letting them appear in public and not letting them speak or have a platform to spread their hate. It means making that impossible through direct action in the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disruption is necessary for social movements. It's used precisely to make it clear that business as usual can't move forward without some kind of change. In the end, the growing struggle between antifa and fascism is a material struggle that's going to take place in the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance also involves engaging [white supremacists] in what everyone who does real long-term antifa organizing knows can be deadly struggles. You have people shot, people stabbed. This has been going on for decades. And so protestors need to be prepared for confrontations with armed Nazis because they’re armed, dangerous, and violent. Aside from simply professing brutal genocidal ideologies, they're also showing up to these protests prepared to battle, as people saw very clearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2017/04/17/photos-extremists-right-left-clash-berkeley/\">in Berkeley\u003c/a> (last April).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The broader left needs to be able to defend ourselves. We need to be able to create relationships that allow us to build strong and defended movements without relying on the police, who are not protecting the left, or on the government, but instead doing it for ourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: What about the free speech argument – that white supremacists still have the constitutional right to express themselves? When is it acceptable to censor someone, and where do you draw that line?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: I think we need to be very clear about what free speech is and what it means. The First Amendment protects you from the government censoring your speech. It doesn’t protect you from the consequences of that speech. It doesn’t protect you from people being outraged and disgusted by the speech and heckling you and shutting you down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no clause in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights that says people can’t use their free speech against your free speech. Many of us are raised with the idea that all speech is legitimate and should be tolerated, and that free speech should be absolute. And yet, of course, it's not absolute in practice, ever. There are many things that determine whether or not we all have effective speech: the amount of money we have, the influence we have, access to media and other platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more importantly, there is an ongoing debate now-- and I think it's a very good thing that we're having this debate -- about what kinds of speech are simply not things we're going to tolerate. And the lines there are not always crystal clear. But there are some clear demarcations, for example, between those who think that entire groups of people are inferior and should be, in the words of [white nationalist leader] Richard Spencer, subject to a peaceful ethnic cleansing, and those who don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: These white supremacist groups are clearly looking for provocation. And so I’ve heard the argument that the best strategy is to just ignore them -- that clashing with them gives them the attention they’re looking for.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: There's essentially no historical precedent that ignoring (them) works. Because when you ignore them, they grow in different ways. They're building movements. They like attention, of course, but they also like to be able to build and organize in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Richard Spencer was \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-punched/index.html\">punched in the face\u003c/a> (during a television interview near Trump's inauguration), one of the first things he said was that his movement wouldn’t be able to grow if it couldn’t organize publicly, if it couldn’t go out and have these marches. And so they require this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, many of their followers think that this is a game, that this a joke, that they can come off the Internet and into the streets without this having very serious implications. And a lot of what antifa is doing is making it perfectly clear to them that if you really want to be a Nazi, this is a dangerous thing and you really need to think twice about throwing yourself behind a racist white supremacist movement that is preaching the death of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazism was not defeated by being ignored. And slavery and the Confederacy were not ignored. They were not reasoned with or defeated with rational arguments because they were not rational structures. They were material forces and they were defeated by material forces. In other words, by resistance, by struggle, by war, by battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: Do you think antifa model will continue to grow and expand?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: Absolutely. Antifa as a force is growing nationwide as are other direct action forces aiming to resist the effects of the Trump presidency and the dangers posed by his base. More people are gravitating towards the recognition that these movements need to be fought directly. For example, you see armed left-wing movements like \u003ca href=\"https://www.redneckrevolt.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Redneck Revolt\u003c/a>, which seeks to counter-recruit people away from the far right and into a left-wing gun culture, that says we have the Second Amendment and we're going to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're living in a moment of global polarization in which the center is collapsing. The sort of neo-liberal consensus of the Clintonite Democrats is not sufficient and is leaving a whole range of people out of the equation and abandoned. And those people may move to the right or they may move to the left. That's what's happening in Europe and it's what's happening in the United States. It's something that the left really needs to pay attention to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that people are increasingly willing to recognize that we need to fight fascism, Nazism, white supremacy and the Klan directly, and fight them in the streets is a very good sign. But it's also a frightening reflection that we’re in a moment of resurgent white supremacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are not the vast majority. Trump was elected by a small fragment of the U.S. population. He represents an important part of U.S. history but also a part that is dying off and that is going to be eventually overthrown by movements in the streets. We have no choice but to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it's a good thing that with this expansion of the forces of fascism, we’re also seeing the forces of liberation expanding as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: What are your projections for this weekend’s protests in San Francisco and Berkeley?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: I think in the aftermath of Charlottesville, things are going to look a little different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not totally clear, but the far right seems to be splintering. They have always had these internal tensions, but now it's really falling apart in a dramatic way. So I think you'll see attendance at these white supremacist rallies go down as certain groups boycott them and refuse to show up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you'll see antifa forces growing, as you saw in Boston: tens of thousands of people out there – and not just protestors in masks -- to shut down and to refuse the presence of these Nazis in the streets. And that's, I think, one of the most important developments that we've seen: people are realizing the threat and coming into the streets and organizing themselves to make this impossible. Not always having physical confrontations. But making these things impossible nonetheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm hoping that that's more of what we see in these rallies in Berkeley and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional Resources for Teachers\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following is a list of resources to continue the conversation in your classroom or community, and learn more about the sometimes strained relationship between antifa and other progressive movements as they fight against white nationalism within right-wing political groups. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Teaching Tolerance:\u003c/b> \u003ca href=\"https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/but-what-about-antifa\">But What About Antifa?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThis article offers background on both the “alt-right” and antifa movements, and encourages educators to learn more about how to discuss the actions of each side. Also included are helpful links to other references, including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/what-is-the-altright\">primer on right-wing extremism\u003c/a> in the United States.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Facing History and Ourselves: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/eyes-prize-americas-civil-rights-movement/six-steps-nonviolent-social-change\">Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>This lesson dives into the methodology that guided the Civil Rights Movement. The lesson is part of a larger unit on anti-segregation student protests in Nashville in the 1960s.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>New York Times Learning Network: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/21/learning/teaching-activities-for-protesters-flood-streets-and-trump-offers-a-measure-of-praise.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Flearning&action=click&contentCollection=learning®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=search&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront\">‘Protesters Flood the Street and Trump Offers a Measure of Praise’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>This lesson plan asks students to reflect on two pieces on white supremacy that contrast dramatically in tone. One is an article reporting on the deadly white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, the other, an op-ed about a nonviolent protest technique using humor to counter neo-Nazi messages.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>The Atlantic: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rise of the Violent Left\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\nThis article centers around the question of whether antifa’s activists are successfully fighting the rise of right-wing authoritarianism or just fanning the flames.\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>The New York Times: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/04/education/edlife/antifa-collective-university-california-berkeley.html?mcubz=1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond Berkeley’s Semester of Hate\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article features student voices on both sides of the political spectrum.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>- Prepared by Rachel Roberson\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"28030 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=28030","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/08/26/what-is-antifa-an-activist-and-scholar-of-the-movement-explains/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":2675,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":53},"modified":1504303610,"excerpt":"A closer look at antifa's objectives, strategies and philosophy.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"A closer look at antifa's objectives, strategies and philosophy.","title":"What Is Antifa? An Activist and Scholar Of the Movement Explains | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Is Antifa? An Activist and Scholar Of the Movement Explains","datePublished":"2017-08-26T12:44:06-07:00","dateModified":"2017-09-01T15:06:50-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-is-antifa-an-activist-and-scholar-of-the-movement-explains","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/28030/what-is-antifa-an-activist-and-scholar-of-the-movement-explains","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note (Tuesday, Aug. 29, 7 p.m.)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>On Sunday afternoon, a handful of right-wing demonstrators were attacked by black-clad, masked protestors in Berkeley’s Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park. Black bloc is a tactic affiliated with the left-wing antifa movement that often involves militant, illegal actions. The violent protestors were\u003c/em>\u003cem> a very small contingent of the roughly 2,000 mostly peaceful marchers participating in the city's “Rally Against Hate” gatherings.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During President Trump's now-infamous press conference \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-lashes-alt-left-charlottesville-fine-people-sides/story?id=49235032\">earlier this month\u003c/a>, he insisted that “both sides” were to blame for the violence and unrest during a white nationalist rally in Charlottesville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump asked: “What about the alt-left that came charging at the, as you say, the ‘alt-right’? Do they have any assemblage of guilt?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there is no official “alt-left,” Trump was likely referring to antifa (pronounced an-tee-fah), a loosely organized network of left-wing agitators that have come out in force, sometimes physically, to oppose recent white nationalist rallies around the country. He subsequently mentioned the group by name during \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/us/politics/trump-rally-arizona.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a late August rally\u003c/a> in Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short for “anti-fascist,” antifa is not a single group or organization. It lacks any kind of formal leadership structure and encompasses a variety of leftist groups -- from anarchists to anti-capitalists -- who are devoted to squashing the growth of autocratic rule and white supremacy, sometimes by any means necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"People who are going out in the streets might not be part of specific organization,\" said Nicholas Jeffries, an Oakland-based antifa activist. \"It's more of a sentiment ... a political counterweight that is trying to fight and ultimately destroy the ability of white supremacists to organize.” Asked about the use of violent tactics to achieve this objective, he said: \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Allowing these types of groups to have any room is ostensibly the most violent thing that anyone can do.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his recently released \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Antifa-Antifascist-Handbook-Mark-Bray/dp/1612197035\">history\u003c/a>, author Mark Bray writes that antifa “can variously be described as a kind of ideology, an identity, a tendency or milieu, or an activity of self-defense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antifa, Bray explains, traces its roots to the 1920s and ’30s, when militant leftists violently clashed with \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fascism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fascists\u003c/a> – albeit unsuccessfully -- in the streets of Germany, Italy, and Spain. The movement, and its tactic of street-level clashes, had a resurgence in the 1970s and ’80s in reaction to the emergence of neo-Nazi skinheads in Britain's punk music scene, and again in Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall. It took hold within segments of U.S. punk culture in the 1980s, more typically under the broader cause of anti-racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally speaking, those who identify with antifa neither want or trust government forces to suppress white supremacist movements; they want to be on the frontline, destroying it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more perspective, I recently interviewed \u003ca href=\"http://drexel.edu/coas/faculty-research/faculty-directory/GeorgeCiccariello-Maher/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">George Ciccariello-Maher\u003c/a>, a professor of politics and global studies at Drexel University. He studies the history of radical social movements in Latin America and the United States, as well as the extreme right wing movements they oppose - in particular, those aligned with white supremacy and fascism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, he has also participated in antifa-related organizing efforts and strongly defends its strategy. He spoke to me by phone from his home in Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How would you define antifa? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: Antifa is not a specific organization. Maybe you could call it a movement, but it's really more an orientation. And that orientation is of course in the name: it's against fascism and recognizing the need to confront that fascism directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an orientation antifa plays a specific role. It is against something. Most antifa members identify with anarchism or communism of a certain sort. In other words, the radical overthrow of the existing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the same time antifa itself is a negative force in the sense of fighting against something else without specifying what it wants to build. And so it's different from most membership political organizations in that sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategy and approach that most define antifa is the need to directly confront fascism before it grows. Nip it in the bud. Destroy it before it can become a mass movement. This is something that history tells us is crucially important, that you don’t sit around and wait for Nazism and fascism to emerge and develop. You smash it at its inception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In moments like Charlottesville, rather than a handful of masked people with antifa flags, you had hundreds of people if not more doing antifa work: confronting the fascists and identifying themselves not as members of this sort of non-organization that is antifa, but as part of an antifa force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: And so how does antifa overlap with other radical leftist entities like black bloc and By Any Means Necessary that often participate in street protests?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: Black bloc is a tactic that involves dressing a certain way [in black, with faces covered by masks or scarves] and often engaging in property destruction, which antifa doesn't always do, of course. And By Any Means Necessary is a specific membership organization that happens to be very present in the Bay but not so much other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all organized structures that are engaging with anti-fascist struggles in important ways and choosing to go to the streets when it comes to confronting these Nazis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How would you describe antifa’s resistance tactics? When is violence considered necessary? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: The vast majority of these tactics are non-violent. It’s work on the computer. It’s reconnaissance and research work. It’s “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxing\">doxing\u003c/a>” and outing white supremacists to their employers and to their communities as a way of making their organizing impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it does also involve what we’ve seen in terms of direct action and resistance in the streets. And this all comes from antifa’s analysis that white supremacy is not a rational ideology. It’s not something that you can convince people to give up. It’s not something that they hold because it’s logical or rational in any way. You can give a million reasons as to why someone shouldn’t be a Nazi and that won’t convince them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so you really need to think about other ways of confronting and resisting and opposing them. That means obstruction. It means not letting them appear in public and not letting them speak or have a platform to spread their hate. It means making that impossible through direct action in the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disruption is necessary for social movements. It's used precisely to make it clear that business as usual can't move forward without some kind of change. In the end, the growing struggle between antifa and fascism is a material struggle that's going to take place in the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance also involves engaging [white supremacists] in what everyone who does real long-term antifa organizing knows can be deadly struggles. You have people shot, people stabbed. This has been going on for decades. And so protestors need to be prepared for confrontations with armed Nazis because they’re armed, dangerous, and violent. Aside from simply professing brutal genocidal ideologies, they're also showing up to these protests prepared to battle, as people saw very clearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2017/04/17/photos-extremists-right-left-clash-berkeley/\">in Berkeley\u003c/a> (last April).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The broader left needs to be able to defend ourselves. We need to be able to create relationships that allow us to build strong and defended movements without relying on the police, who are not protecting the left, or on the government, but instead doing it for ourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: What about the free speech argument – that white supremacists still have the constitutional right to express themselves? When is it acceptable to censor someone, and where do you draw that line?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: I think we need to be very clear about what free speech is and what it means. The First Amendment protects you from the government censoring your speech. It doesn’t protect you from the consequences of that speech. It doesn’t protect you from people being outraged and disgusted by the speech and heckling you and shutting you down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no clause in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights that says people can’t use their free speech against your free speech. Many of us are raised with the idea that all speech is legitimate and should be tolerated, and that free speech should be absolute. And yet, of course, it's not absolute in practice, ever. There are many things that determine whether or not we all have effective speech: the amount of money we have, the influence we have, access to media and other platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more importantly, there is an ongoing debate now-- and I think it's a very good thing that we're having this debate -- about what kinds of speech are simply not things we're going to tolerate. And the lines there are not always crystal clear. But there are some clear demarcations, for example, between those who think that entire groups of people are inferior and should be, in the words of [white nationalist leader] Richard Spencer, subject to a peaceful ethnic cleansing, and those who don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: These white supremacist groups are clearly looking for provocation. And so I’ve heard the argument that the best strategy is to just ignore them -- that clashing with them gives them the attention they’re looking for.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: There's essentially no historical precedent that ignoring (them) works. Because when you ignore them, they grow in different ways. They're building movements. They like attention, of course, but they also like to be able to build and organize in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Richard Spencer was \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-punched/index.html\">punched in the face\u003c/a> (during a television interview near Trump's inauguration), one of the first things he said was that his movement wouldn’t be able to grow if it couldn’t organize publicly, if it couldn’t go out and have these marches. And so they require this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, many of their followers think that this is a game, that this a joke, that they can come off the Internet and into the streets without this having very serious implications. And a lot of what antifa is doing is making it perfectly clear to them that if you really want to be a Nazi, this is a dangerous thing and you really need to think twice about throwing yourself behind a racist white supremacist movement that is preaching the death of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazism was not defeated by being ignored. And slavery and the Confederacy were not ignored. They were not reasoned with or defeated with rational arguments because they were not rational structures. They were material forces and they were defeated by material forces. In other words, by resistance, by struggle, by war, by battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: Do you think antifa model will continue to grow and expand?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: Absolutely. Antifa as a force is growing nationwide as are other direct action forces aiming to resist the effects of the Trump presidency and the dangers posed by his base. More people are gravitating towards the recognition that these movements need to be fought directly. For example, you see armed left-wing movements like \u003ca href=\"https://www.redneckrevolt.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Redneck Revolt\u003c/a>, which seeks to counter-recruit people away from the far right and into a left-wing gun culture, that says we have the Second Amendment and we're going to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're living in a moment of global polarization in which the center is collapsing. The sort of neo-liberal consensus of the Clintonite Democrats is not sufficient and is leaving a whole range of people out of the equation and abandoned. And those people may move to the right or they may move to the left. That's what's happening in Europe and it's what's happening in the United States. It's something that the left really needs to pay attention to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that people are increasingly willing to recognize that we need to fight fascism, Nazism, white supremacy and the Klan directly, and fight them in the streets is a very good sign. But it's also a frightening reflection that we’re in a moment of resurgent white supremacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are not the vast majority. Trump was elected by a small fragment of the U.S. population. He represents an important part of U.S. history but also a part that is dying off and that is going to be eventually overthrown by movements in the streets. We have no choice but to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it's a good thing that with this expansion of the forces of fascism, we’re also seeing the forces of liberation expanding as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: What are your projections for this weekend’s protests in San Francisco and Berkeley?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GCM: I think in the aftermath of Charlottesville, things are going to look a little different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not totally clear, but the far right seems to be splintering. They have always had these internal tensions, but now it's really falling apart in a dramatic way. So I think you'll see attendance at these white supremacist rallies go down as certain groups boycott them and refuse to show up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you'll see antifa forces growing, as you saw in Boston: tens of thousands of people out there – and not just protestors in masks -- to shut down and to refuse the presence of these Nazis in the streets. And that's, I think, one of the most important developments that we've seen: people are realizing the threat and coming into the streets and organizing themselves to make this impossible. Not always having physical confrontations. But making these things impossible nonetheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm hoping that that's more of what we see in these rallies in Berkeley and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional Resources for Teachers\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following is a list of resources to continue the conversation in your classroom or community, and learn more about the sometimes strained relationship between antifa and other progressive movements as they fight against white nationalism within right-wing political groups. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Teaching Tolerance:\u003c/b> \u003ca href=\"https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/but-what-about-antifa\">But What About Antifa?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThis article offers background on both the “alt-right” and antifa movements, and encourages educators to learn more about how to discuss the actions of each side. Also included are helpful links to other references, including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/what-is-the-altright\">primer on right-wing extremism\u003c/a> in the United States.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Facing History and Ourselves: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/eyes-prize-americas-civil-rights-movement/six-steps-nonviolent-social-change\">Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>This lesson dives into the methodology that guided the Civil Rights Movement. The lesson is part of a larger unit on anti-segregation student protests in Nashville in the 1960s.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>New York Times Learning Network: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/21/learning/teaching-activities-for-protesters-flood-streets-and-trump-offers-a-measure-of-praise.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Flearning&action=click&contentCollection=learning®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=search&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront\">‘Protesters Flood the Street and Trump Offers a Measure of Praise’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>This lesson plan asks students to reflect on two pieces on white supremacy that contrast dramatically in tone. One is an article reporting on the deadly white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, the other, an op-ed about a nonviolent protest technique using humor to counter neo-Nazi messages.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>The Atlantic: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rise of the Violent Left\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\nThis article centers around the question of whether antifa’s activists are successfully fighting the rise of right-wing authoritarianism or just fanning the flames.\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>The New York Times: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/04/education/edlife/antifa-collective-university-california-berkeley.html?mcubz=1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond Berkeley’s Semester of Hate\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article features student voices on both sides of the political spectrum.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>- Prepared by Rachel Roberson\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/28030/what-is-antifa-an-activist-and-scholar-of-the-movement-explains","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390"],"tags":["lowdown_2619","lowdown_2337","lowdown_2620"],"featImg":"lowdown_28068","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_22779":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_22779","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"22779","score":null,"sort":[1500937216000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1500937216,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago","title":"The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>-- Kerner Commission report, 1968\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown!\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Ideas for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Kerner_LessonPlan-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kerner Commission Lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Primary-Docs_Kerner-and-Ferguson-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Primary source docs (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what was dubbed the “long, hot summer,\" more than 100 poor, largely black communities were rocked by violent incidents in 1967. Some labelled them riots, others called them uprisings and rebellions. Erupting primarily in East Coast and Midwestern cities, including Milwaukee, Buffalo, Tampa and Cincinnati, the incidents resulted in more than 100 deaths, hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage and scores of burned-out neighborhoods, some of which never fully recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest was a reaction to a larger problem: deep-seated anger and hopelessness simmering in many disenfranchised, urban communities where rates of poverty, joblessness and crime were disproportionately high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly every instance of unrest was ignited by the same kind of spark: an individual local incident involving an unarmed black man (or men) beaten or killed by white police officers for a seemingly minor infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And two of the most devastating riots occurred back-to-back that July.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Newark and Detroit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In Newark, NJ two white police officers severely beat a black cab driver after stopping him for a minor traffic violation. As word of the incident spread, thousands of residents rioted in the streets, looting businesses and prompting the deployment of several thousand police officers and National Guardsmen. The violence raged for six days, leaving 26 people dead, scores more injured and tens of millions of dollars in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/2n0e3_vD-xE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just two weeks later in \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/a_quick_guide_to_the_1967_detr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detroit\u003c/a>, a police raid on an unlicensed bar in the largely black Virginia Park neighborhood sparked an even more devastating riot. Looters raided shops and set buildings on fire. Panic ensued amid rumors of snipers on rooftops. Roughly 17,000 law local and national law enforcement officials, including the National Guard and US Army paratroopers, were sent in to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of five bloody, chaotic days, 43 people were killed and more a thousand injured -- mostly black men at the hands of law enforcement. More than 7,000 arrests were made, and an estimated 2,500 stores were looted or burned, leaving large swaths of Detroit’s inner-city in ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked Detroit's \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/3880177/detroit-race-riots-1943-photos-from-a-city-in-turmoil-during-wwii/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second major riot\u003c/a> in just 24 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/33221356\" width=\"640\" height=\"368\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newark and Detroit were not isolated incidents. Two years before, a confrontation between a young black man and a police officer in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRDvY_anJdc\">days of rioting\u003c/a> that left 34 people dead. Violent unrest continued in 1966 in poor sections of cities like Chicago, Cleveland, New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_riot_by_Fleming\">San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As wealthier, largely white communities increasingly flocked to the suburbs, the remaining inner-city neighborhood were often thrust into deeper states of prolonged economic isolation, Over the following decades, jobs and home values in these areas continued to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/digest/sep04/w10243.html\">drop\u003c/a> sharply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/qxli_aCSKbg\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Kerner Commission\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In the immediate wake of the riots, President Johnson established a bipartisan task force: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf\">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders,\u003c/a> known as the Kerner Commission, named after its chair, Illinois Governor Otto Kerner. The group was tasked with addressing three major questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it happening again?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22824\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\" alt=\"Rioting in Detroit.\" width=\"500\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rioting in Detroit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Detroit Free Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In his televised address announcing the commission, Johnson began:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have endured a week such as no nation should live through: a time of violence and tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proclaimed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not even the sternest police action nor the most effective federal troops can every create lasting peace in our cities. The only genuine long-range solution for what has happened, lies in an attack, mounted at every level, upon the conditions that breed despair and breed violence. All of us, I think, know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty, disease, not enough jobs ... There is simply no other way to achieve a decent and orderly society in America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ZoU4cmRULKY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next six months, members of the commission visited inner-city neighborhoods throughout the country, interviewing residents, police officers, and local officials. They drew on the research of social scientists and analyzed media coverage of the recent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 11-member commission was not politically radical in any sense of the word: It included four members of Congress, the mayor of New York, Atlanta’s police chief, and union and industry representatives. Only two members were black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents_us/Kerner%20Report.htm\">final report\u003c/a> was blunt, and to many Americans, shocking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's direct reference to white racism as a root cause of the riots was particularly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We used the word racism. And on the commission, we had two or three people say, 'Should we use that word, racism?'\" former Senator Fred Harris (D-Okla.), who served on the commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/03282008/watch.html\">told Bill Moyers\u003c/a> in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22815\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/8073NCJRS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-22815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png\" alt=\"Courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to download part of the original text (Photo courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We felt that it was very important ... to say it. Because what we know is that oppressed people often come to believe about themselves the same bad stereotypes that the dominant society has. Our saying racism, I think, was very important to a lot of black people who said, 'Well, maybe it's not just me. Maybe I'm not, by myself, at fault here. Maybe there's something else going on.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report elaborated on the often explosive relationship between local police forces and the black communities they patrolled:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The police are not merely a “spark” factor. To some Negroes police have come to symbolize white power, white racism and white repression. And the fact is that many police do reflect and express these white attitudes. The atmosphere of hostility and cynicism is reinforced by a widespread belief among Negroes in the existence of police brutality and in a “double standard” of justice and protection—one for Negroes and one for whites.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, many observers believed that the unrest was the work of “\u003ca href=\"blank\">outside agitators\u003c/a>,” radical groups traveling from city to city, intent on sowing chaos and disorder. The commission, though, found no evidence of conspiracy or premeditated plans. Although it stopped short of labelling the riots a flat-out rebellion against racial oppression, it underscored that the conflicts were an indication of the deep frustration stemming from a host of social problems afflicting inner city communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping that list was police brutality, unemployment, and an inadequate supply of affordable housing. The commission stated, in no uncertain terms, that white America was directly implicated in creating these problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What white Americans have never fully understood—but what the Negro can never forget—is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of sweeping policy recommendations included :\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating two million new jobs and six million new affordable housing units\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Revamping the welfare system\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating de facto school segregation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating “abrasive” police practices and establishing redress mechanisms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving news coverage of the problems facing black Americans\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making local government more responsive to inner city communities\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The 426-page report, published in March 1968, sold \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report\">over two million copies\u003c/a> and earned a spot on the nonfiction \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT453&lpg=PT453&dq=new+york+times+bestseller+list+nonfiction+1968+kerner&source=bl&ots=iUXvd_Hwq1&sig=AdfVX8Yc9xYLAIaoWtD1ckwUjIM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIz4rKhI-9yAIVwbgeCh1DWQXU#v=onepage&q&f=false\">bestseller list\u003c/a> of the New York Times, which called it a “stinging indictment of white society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, it all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnson Administration countered that the commission \u003ca href=\"http://backstoryradio.org/2014/10/02/the-report-that-could-have-stopped-ferguson/\">hadn’t given the president enough credit\u003c/a> for past civil rights legislation, and Johnson later refused to support further research or even meet with the commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted that in order to improve conditions, “hard choices must be made, and, if necessary, new taxes enacted.” But there was little political will to do so, particularly as the nation planted itself deeper into the incredibly costly conflict in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And less than a month after its publication, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination sparked another string of violent riots in poor, urban communities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>From Kerner to Ferguson\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>After the Michael Brown shooting in 2014 and the unrest that followed, a new commission was formed to study a similar issue. Chaired by Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush, the group was tasked with identifying the underlying causes of the unrest. Its \u003ca href=\"http://forwardthroughferguson.org/report/executive-summary/\">final report\u003c/a>, while much smaller in scope, bears some resemblance to the Kerner findings. The series of recommendations, modest in comparison to the Kerner report, included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reducing the use of force by police officers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reforming sentencing laws\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving the health and education of children and young people\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increasing access to affordable housing and public transit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expanding Medicaid\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like the Kerner report, the Ferguson analysis identifies racial inequality as the primary problem. But the language and tone is strikingly different: far less piercing, accusatory and urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not pointing fingers and calling individual people racist,” the report states. “We are not even suggesting that institutions or existing systems intend to be racist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original members of the Kerner commission may have foreseen this. They concluded their report by quoting the testimony of psychologist Kenneth Clark\u003ci>. \u003c/i>Clark – whose famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test\">doll tests\u003c/a> were cited in \u003ci>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/i> – reminded his audience of the many previous commissions assembled to study incidents of racial unrest: Chicago in 1919, Harlem in 1935 and 1943, Los Angeles in 1965. Testifying before the Kerner Commission, he said, was a kind of Alice in Wonderland experience: he watched the same images flickering past, sat listening to the same analysis and the same recommendations – and it all culminated, finally, in the same inaction. The commissioners quoted his words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time now to end the destruction and the violence.”\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"22779 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=22779","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/07/24/uprising-lessons-from-the-race-riots-of-1967/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1758,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://player.vimeo.com/video/33221356"],"paragraphCount":45},"modified":1590796227,"excerpt":"While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.","title":"The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago","datePublished":"2017-07-24T16:00:16-07:00","dateModified":"2020-05-29T16:50:27-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"uprising-lessons-from-the-race-riots-of-1967","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/22779/uprising-lessons-from-the-race-riots-of-1967","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>-- Kerner Commission report, 1968\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown!\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Ideas for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Kerner_LessonPlan-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kerner Commission Lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Primary-Docs_Kerner-and-Ferguson-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Primary source docs (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what was dubbed the “long, hot summer,\" more than 100 poor, largely black communities were rocked by violent incidents in 1967. Some labelled them riots, others called them uprisings and rebellions. Erupting primarily in East Coast and Midwestern cities, including Milwaukee, Buffalo, Tampa and Cincinnati, the incidents resulted in more than 100 deaths, hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage and scores of burned-out neighborhoods, some of which never fully recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest was a reaction to a larger problem: deep-seated anger and hopelessness simmering in many disenfranchised, urban communities where rates of poverty, joblessness and crime were disproportionately high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly every instance of unrest was ignited by the same kind of spark: an individual local incident involving an unarmed black man (or men) beaten or killed by white police officers for a seemingly minor infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And two of the most devastating riots occurred back-to-back that July.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Newark and Detroit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In Newark, NJ two white police officers severely beat a black cab driver after stopping him for a minor traffic violation. As word of the incident spread, thousands of residents rioted in the streets, looting businesses and prompting the deployment of several thousand police officers and National Guardsmen. The violence raged for six days, leaving 26 people dead, scores more injured and tens of millions of dollars in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2n0e3_vD-xE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2n0e3_vD-xE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Just two weeks later in \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/a_quick_guide_to_the_1967_detr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detroit\u003c/a>, a police raid on an unlicensed bar in the largely black Virginia Park neighborhood sparked an even more devastating riot. Looters raided shops and set buildings on fire. Panic ensued amid rumors of snipers on rooftops. Roughly 17,000 law local and national law enforcement officials, including the National Guard and US Army paratroopers, were sent in to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of five bloody, chaotic days, 43 people were killed and more a thousand injured -- mostly black men at the hands of law enforcement. More than 7,000 arrests were made, and an estimated 2,500 stores were looted or burned, leaving large swaths of Detroit’s inner-city in ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked Detroit's \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/3880177/detroit-race-riots-1943-photos-from-a-city-in-turmoil-during-wwii/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second major riot\u003c/a> in just 24 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/33221356\" width=\"640\" height=\"368\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newark and Detroit were not isolated incidents. Two years before, a confrontation between a young black man and a police officer in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRDvY_anJdc\">days of rioting\u003c/a> that left 34 people dead. Violent unrest continued in 1966 in poor sections of cities like Chicago, Cleveland, New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_riot_by_Fleming\">San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As wealthier, largely white communities increasingly flocked to the suburbs, the remaining inner-city neighborhood were often thrust into deeper states of prolonged economic isolation, Over the following decades, jobs and home values in these areas continued to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/digest/sep04/w10243.html\">drop\u003c/a> sharply.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qxli_aCSKbg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qxli_aCSKbg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>The Kerner Commission\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In the immediate wake of the riots, President Johnson established a bipartisan task force: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf\">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders,\u003c/a> known as the Kerner Commission, named after its chair, Illinois Governor Otto Kerner. The group was tasked with addressing three major questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it happening again?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22824\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\" alt=\"Rioting in Detroit.\" width=\"500\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rioting in Detroit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Detroit Free Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In his televised address announcing the commission, Johnson began:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have endured a week such as no nation should live through: a time of violence and tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proclaimed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not even the sternest police action nor the most effective federal troops can every create lasting peace in our cities. The only genuine long-range solution for what has happened, lies in an attack, mounted at every level, upon the conditions that breed despair and breed violence. All of us, I think, know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty, disease, not enough jobs ... There is simply no other way to achieve a decent and orderly society in America.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZoU4cmRULKY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZoU4cmRULKY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the next six months, members of the commission visited inner-city neighborhoods throughout the country, interviewing residents, police officers, and local officials. They drew on the research of social scientists and analyzed media coverage of the recent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 11-member commission was not politically radical in any sense of the word: It included four members of Congress, the mayor of New York, Atlanta’s police chief, and union and industry representatives. Only two members were black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents_us/Kerner%20Report.htm\">final report\u003c/a> was blunt, and to many Americans, shocking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's direct reference to white racism as a root cause of the riots was particularly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We used the word racism. And on the commission, we had two or three people say, 'Should we use that word, racism?'\" former Senator Fred Harris (D-Okla.), who served on the commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/03282008/watch.html\">told Bill Moyers\u003c/a> in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22815\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/8073NCJRS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-22815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png\" alt=\"Courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to download part of the original text (Photo courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We felt that it was very important ... to say it. Because what we know is that oppressed people often come to believe about themselves the same bad stereotypes that the dominant society has. Our saying racism, I think, was very important to a lot of black people who said, 'Well, maybe it's not just me. Maybe I'm not, by myself, at fault here. Maybe there's something else going on.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report elaborated on the often explosive relationship between local police forces and the black communities they patrolled:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The police are not merely a “spark” factor. To some Negroes police have come to symbolize white power, white racism and white repression. And the fact is that many police do reflect and express these white attitudes. The atmosphere of hostility and cynicism is reinforced by a widespread belief among Negroes in the existence of police brutality and in a “double standard” of justice and protection—one for Negroes and one for whites.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, many observers believed that the unrest was the work of “\u003ca href=\"blank\">outside agitators\u003c/a>,” radical groups traveling from city to city, intent on sowing chaos and disorder. The commission, though, found no evidence of conspiracy or premeditated plans. Although it stopped short of labelling the riots a flat-out rebellion against racial oppression, it underscored that the conflicts were an indication of the deep frustration stemming from a host of social problems afflicting inner city communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping that list was police brutality, unemployment, and an inadequate supply of affordable housing. The commission stated, in no uncertain terms, that white America was directly implicated in creating these problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What white Americans have never fully understood—but what the Negro can never forget—is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of sweeping policy recommendations included :\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating two million new jobs and six million new affordable housing units\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Revamping the welfare system\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating de facto school segregation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating “abrasive” police practices and establishing redress mechanisms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving news coverage of the problems facing black Americans\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making local government more responsive to inner city communities\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The 426-page report, published in March 1968, sold \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report\">over two million copies\u003c/a> and earned a spot on the nonfiction \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT453&lpg=PT453&dq=new+york+times+bestseller+list+nonfiction+1968+kerner&source=bl&ots=iUXvd_Hwq1&sig=AdfVX8Yc9xYLAIaoWtD1ckwUjIM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIz4rKhI-9yAIVwbgeCh1DWQXU#v=onepage&q&f=false\">bestseller list\u003c/a> of the New York Times, which called it a “stinging indictment of white society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, it all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnson Administration countered that the commission \u003ca href=\"http://backstoryradio.org/2014/10/02/the-report-that-could-have-stopped-ferguson/\">hadn’t given the president enough credit\u003c/a> for past civil rights legislation, and Johnson later refused to support further research or even meet with the commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted that in order to improve conditions, “hard choices must be made, and, if necessary, new taxes enacted.” But there was little political will to do so, particularly as the nation planted itself deeper into the incredibly costly conflict in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And less than a month after its publication, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination sparked another string of violent riots in poor, urban communities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>From Kerner to Ferguson\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>After the Michael Brown shooting in 2014 and the unrest that followed, a new commission was formed to study a similar issue. Chaired by Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush, the group was tasked with identifying the underlying causes of the unrest. Its \u003ca href=\"http://forwardthroughferguson.org/report/executive-summary/\">final report\u003c/a>, while much smaller in scope, bears some resemblance to the Kerner findings. The series of recommendations, modest in comparison to the Kerner report, included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reducing the use of force by police officers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reforming sentencing laws\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving the health and education of children and young people\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increasing access to affordable housing and public transit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expanding Medicaid\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like the Kerner report, the Ferguson analysis identifies racial inequality as the primary problem. But the language and tone is strikingly different: far less piercing, accusatory and urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not pointing fingers and calling individual people racist,” the report states. “We are not even suggesting that institutions or existing systems intend to be racist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original members of the Kerner commission may have foreseen this. They concluded their report by quoting the testimony of psychologist Kenneth Clark\u003ci>. \u003c/i>Clark – whose famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test\">doll tests\u003c/a> were cited in \u003ci>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/i> – reminded his audience of the many previous commissions assembled to study incidents of racial unrest: Chicago in 1919, Harlem in 1935 and 1943, Los Angeles in 1965. Testifying before the Kerner Commission, he said, was a kind of Alice in Wonderland experience: he watched the same images flickering past, sat listening to the same analysis and the same recommendations – and it all culminated, finally, in the same inaction. The commissioners quoted his words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time now to end the destruction and the violence.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/22779/uprising-lessons-from-the-race-riots-of-1967","authors":["8628","1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_2390","lowdown_2399","lowdown_2366"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2548","lowdown_2460","lowdown_2549"],"featImg":"lowdown_22772","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_26077":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26077","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"26077","score":null,"sort":[1489078821000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1489078821,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"Bryan Stevenson: On Teaching America's Long History of Racial Injustice","title":"Bryan Stevenson: On Teaching America's Long History of Racial Injustice","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->America's long legacy of racial oppression is not a history to be proud of, but it's one that Bryan Stevenson insists needs to be acknowledged and preserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A civil rights lawyer and social justice activist, Stevenson is founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"http://eji.org/bryan-stevenson\" target=\"_blank\">Equal Justice Initiative\u003c/a>, a nonprofit human rights law organization in Montgomery, Alabama, that provides legal services to the poor, incarcerated and condemned. For more than 20 years, his group has challenged racial bias in the justice system, waging court battles for retrials, death-sentence reversals and exoneration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its litigation work, Stevenson's group has more recently developed community education projects on race and poverty, specifically confronting the nation's dark history of slavery, lynchings and other forms of racial inequality. From 1877 -- when federal troops left the South at the end of Reconstruction -- to roughly 1950, more than 4,000 black people were lynched in the United States, according to EJI's recent research. It marked a period of domestic terrorism that's been largely left out of America's collective historical narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to change that, EJI produced a \u003ca href=\"http://eji.org/reports/lynching-in-america\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> on these widespread incidents and continues to identify and mark lynching sites throughout the South. It will also soon open a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/us/memorial-alabama-victims-lynching.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">lynching memorial museum\u003c/a> in Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These efforts are all part of Stevenson's focus on \"confronting the legacy of racial terror,\" a history that has profoundly shaped modern American society, he says, and that remains apparent in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/18/mass-incarceration-black-americans-higher-rates-disparities-report\" target=\"_blank\">hugely disproportionate numbers\u003c/a> of incarcerated black men in America's prison system today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the organization is also producing a series of short animated videos, including this most recent piece recounting the 1898 lynching of Private James Neely, an African-American veteran who had recently returned to Georgia after fighting in the Spanish-American War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/OY88OkjnPQ0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recently interviewed Stevenson about EJI's educational initiatives. Below is a transcript from part of our conversation. Listen to the full interview here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/310857323&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: Describe the goal of this project.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think we’ve done a very good job in this country of educating people about our history of racial inequality. We lived through an era in America of racial terrorism, where thousands of African-Americans were burned alive and hung and murdered and beaten and mutilated, sometimes in the public square in front of thousands of people, who had the comfort of committing this terror with no risk of prosecution, no threat of arrest or adverse consequences. This period of violence and terror really shaped America’s development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we don’t talk about it, we haven’t acknowledged it, we haven’t really explored the implications of it. And so we’re trying to change that. We have projects that are trying to educate people about the terrorism that took place in their communities. We’re trying to put markers at every lynching site in America. I think the landscape is silent about the violence and the terror that shaped our development as a nation in the 20th century, and that has to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other countries, like Germany or Rwanda, you’ll see markers and monuments that identify the spaces where Jewish families were abducted during the Holocaust. Germans want you to go to the Holocaust Memorial and reflect soberly on that history. They’re trying to change their identity. They don’t want to be a nation remembered only for the Holocaust and Nazism and Fascism. They’re trying to create a new identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We haven’t really done that in America, particularly in the American South, where we romanticize the past, we glorify the past. So we think that has to change. And one of the ways we’re trying to change that is developing short pieces that teachers and schools can use to educate students about the horrors of lynching. And we’ve put together a report called “Lynching in America,” which documents over 4,000 lynchings, and tries to explain why racial terror lynchings developed, what they involved, who was targeted and why this era is so significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in Oakland or San Francisco or Los Angeles, or if you live in Chicago or Detroit or Minneapolis or Boston, you need to understand that the black community in your city came to your community not as immigrants looking for new economic opportunities, but they came to these cities as refugees and exiles from terror in the American South. The legacy of lynching is very directly connected to communities in Oakland and L.A. and San Francisco and others places in the North and West. And I don’t think we’ve made that connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For me, the era of terror has profound implications for our continuing struggles, ranging from racial bias in the public sector to police violence. All of it, I think, cannot be understood without understanding this history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How would you respond to an educator who's hesitant to teach students such an upsetting narrative? Why is it so important for young people to learn that these tragic events occurred?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I had to characterize the biggest problem we have in this country, I think we suffer profoundly from the absence of shame. I believe we have acculturated a nation into believing that they can do terrible things to other people and you don’t ever have to say I’m sorry, you don’t ever have to learn from it, you don’t actually have to reflect on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I believe many on the challenges we’re facing today in our country are rooted in our failure to acknowledge the mistakes of our past. So I think we’re not going to be a nation that evolves and matures and becomes truly great until we become a nation with the confidence to say (what) slavery was and it burdened us and it haunts us. And I think that our country has been indifferent to a narrative of racial difference that has created a lot of victimization and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think we’re a post-genocide country. What happened to native people, in my judgment, was a genocide. We killed millions of people and we didn’t own up to that because we said, no, those natives are savages. And we used that narrative of racial difference to justify that violence. And we kept their names for rivers and counties and streams and buildings, but we made the people go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that same narrative is the true evil of American slavery, which we never addressed in the 13th Amendment. I think the great evil of American slavery was the ideology of white supremacy. And if you read the 13th Amendment, it doesn’t talk about narratives of racial difference or white supremacy. It only talks about involuntary servitude. And to me that means that slavery didn’t end in 1865, it evolved. And that’s what gave rise to this terrorism and lynching. And that was followed by segregation and codification of racial hierarchy and Jim Crow. And while we passed civil rights laws, we never confronted the damage that this narrative of racial difference did and continues to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, the reason why teachers need to teach this history to students is because the black and brown children in their classrooms are going to be burdened with a presumption of dangerousness and guilt. And that presumption will exist for the rest of their lives until we confront this narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you can’t understand the power of it unless you understand the history of slavery and lynching and segregation. I also think that non-minorities in this country will not create a kind of freedom for themselves until they acknowledge this history. I don’t think any of us are free, to be honest. So rather than thinking that there’s something discretionary about the teaching of this history. I think it’s essential. I think you do a disservice to children of all colors and races and ethnicities by allowing them to be ignorant of the ways in which our country has yet to deal with the history of racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How can students walk away from these lessons feeling hopeful and empowered instead of just upset and depressed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think that there’s so much evidence that despite the horrors of this history, that we have an incredible capacity to overcome, to survive, to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started my education in a colored school, because in my county black children were not allowed to go to the public schools. My great-grandparents were enslaved. My grandmother was in my ear all the time about this history of slavery. So despite the fact that my generational connection to slavery is very short, and that I started my education in a racially segregated school, and that there were no high schools for kids of color when my dad was a teenager, so he couldn’t go to high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite all of that, I had the great privilege to go to college, and to go to law school and to argue cases at the U.S. Supreme Court and to talk to lots and lots of people. And I am standing on the shoulders of those enslaved people who did not give up. Who learned to read despite the violence and degradation of slavery. And chose to have children and raise those children with hope and belief that if they worked hard they could achieve something. I’m standing on the shoulders of people who fled the terror in the American South and found ways to raise families and to create hope for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My parents were humiliated every day by Jim Crow segregation, and yet they persevered. Standing on the shoulders of these people means that I can do so much more. I do civil rights work, I’ve had a lot of challenges. But I’ve never had to say, like the people who came before me, “my head is bloody but not bowed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what that means to me is that I have every reason to believe that we can succeed, that we can prevail. That as they used to sing: “We shall overcome.” And that’s the hope, that’s the conviction. And if you understand its history, and really understand it, with the stories of violence and despair and pain and agony, there’s an unmatched story of perseverance, of hope, of strength, of resiliency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story is what ultimately ought to persuade all of us that we should not accept the status quo. We should not accept the presumption of dangerousness and guilt that continues to burden black and brown people in this country. We should not accept the silence that has accompanied our history of racial inequality and racial injustice. That we should demand more because we want more, we expect more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s ultimately a view that’s rooted in hope. To achieve these things, you’re going to have to be willing to stand up when other people say sit down, you’re going to have to be willing to speak when other people say be quiet, and you do that when you have enough hope to believe that act, that moment, is worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think anybody should despair in response to this history. I think they should get involved and do the things that need to be done to create a more just society.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"26077 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26077","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/03/09/bryan-stevenson-on-why-we-cant-forget-americas-troubled-racial-history/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":true,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1985,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://w.soundcloud.com/player/"],"paragraphCount":33},"modified":1489777025,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"Bryan Stevenson: On Teaching America's Long History of Racial Injustice | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bryan Stevenson: On Teaching America's Long History of Racial Injustice","datePublished":"2017-03-09T09:00:21-08:00","dateModified":"2017-03-17T11:57:05-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bryan-stevenson-on-why-we-cant-forget-americas-troubled-racial-history","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/26077/bryan-stevenson-on-why-we-cant-forget-americas-troubled-racial-history","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->America's long legacy of racial oppression is not a history to be proud of, but it's one that Bryan Stevenson insists needs to be acknowledged and preserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A civil rights lawyer and social justice activist, Stevenson is founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"http://eji.org/bryan-stevenson\" target=\"_blank\">Equal Justice Initiative\u003c/a>, a nonprofit human rights law organization in Montgomery, Alabama, that provides legal services to the poor, incarcerated and condemned. For more than 20 years, his group has challenged racial bias in the justice system, waging court battles for retrials, death-sentence reversals and exoneration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its litigation work, Stevenson's group has more recently developed community education projects on race and poverty, specifically confronting the nation's dark history of slavery, lynchings and other forms of racial inequality. From 1877 -- when federal troops left the South at the end of Reconstruction -- to roughly 1950, more than 4,000 black people were lynched in the United States, according to EJI's recent research. It marked a period of domestic terrorism that's been largely left out of America's collective historical narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to change that, EJI produced a \u003ca href=\"http://eji.org/reports/lynching-in-america\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> on these widespread incidents and continues to identify and mark lynching sites throughout the South. It will also soon open a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/us/memorial-alabama-victims-lynching.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">lynching memorial museum\u003c/a> in Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These efforts are all part of Stevenson's focus on \"confronting the legacy of racial terror,\" a history that has profoundly shaped modern American society, he says, and that remains apparent in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/18/mass-incarceration-black-americans-higher-rates-disparities-report\" target=\"_blank\">hugely disproportionate numbers\u003c/a> of incarcerated black men in America's prison system today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the organization is also producing a series of short animated videos, including this most recent piece recounting the 1898 lynching of Private James Neely, an African-American veteran who had recently returned to Georgia after fighting in the Spanish-American War.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/OY88OkjnPQ0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/OY88OkjnPQ0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>I recently interviewed Stevenson about EJI's educational initiatives. Below is a transcript from part of our conversation. Listen to the full interview here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/310857323&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: Describe the goal of this project.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think we’ve done a very good job in this country of educating people about our history of racial inequality. We lived through an era in America of racial terrorism, where thousands of African-Americans were burned alive and hung and murdered and beaten and mutilated, sometimes in the public square in front of thousands of people, who had the comfort of committing this terror with no risk of prosecution, no threat of arrest or adverse consequences. This period of violence and terror really shaped America’s development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we don’t talk about it, we haven’t acknowledged it, we haven’t really explored the implications of it. And so we’re trying to change that. We have projects that are trying to educate people about the terrorism that took place in their communities. We’re trying to put markers at every lynching site in America. I think the landscape is silent about the violence and the terror that shaped our development as a nation in the 20th century, and that has to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other countries, like Germany or Rwanda, you’ll see markers and monuments that identify the spaces where Jewish families were abducted during the Holocaust. Germans want you to go to the Holocaust Memorial and reflect soberly on that history. They’re trying to change their identity. They don’t want to be a nation remembered only for the Holocaust and Nazism and Fascism. They’re trying to create a new identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We haven’t really done that in America, particularly in the American South, where we romanticize the past, we glorify the past. So we think that has to change. And one of the ways we’re trying to change that is developing short pieces that teachers and schools can use to educate students about the horrors of lynching. And we’ve put together a report called “Lynching in America,” which documents over 4,000 lynchings, and tries to explain why racial terror lynchings developed, what they involved, who was targeted and why this era is so significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in Oakland or San Francisco or Los Angeles, or if you live in Chicago or Detroit or Minneapolis or Boston, you need to understand that the black community in your city came to your community not as immigrants looking for new economic opportunities, but they came to these cities as refugees and exiles from terror in the American South. The legacy of lynching is very directly connected to communities in Oakland and L.A. and San Francisco and others places in the North and West. And I don’t think we’ve made that connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For me, the era of terror has profound implications for our continuing struggles, ranging from racial bias in the public sector to police violence. All of it, I think, cannot be understood without understanding this history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How would you respond to an educator who's hesitant to teach students such an upsetting narrative? Why is it so important for young people to learn that these tragic events occurred?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I had to characterize the biggest problem we have in this country, I think we suffer profoundly from the absence of shame. I believe we have acculturated a nation into believing that they can do terrible things to other people and you don’t ever have to say I’m sorry, you don’t ever have to learn from it, you don’t actually have to reflect on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I believe many on the challenges we’re facing today in our country are rooted in our failure to acknowledge the mistakes of our past. So I think we’re not going to be a nation that evolves and matures and becomes truly great until we become a nation with the confidence to say (what) slavery was and it burdened us and it haunts us. And I think that our country has been indifferent to a narrative of racial difference that has created a lot of victimization and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think we’re a post-genocide country. What happened to native people, in my judgment, was a genocide. We killed millions of people and we didn’t own up to that because we said, no, those natives are savages. And we used that narrative of racial difference to justify that violence. And we kept their names for rivers and counties and streams and buildings, but we made the people go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that same narrative is the true evil of American slavery, which we never addressed in the 13th Amendment. I think the great evil of American slavery was the ideology of white supremacy. And if you read the 13th Amendment, it doesn’t talk about narratives of racial difference or white supremacy. It only talks about involuntary servitude. And to me that means that slavery didn’t end in 1865, it evolved. And that’s what gave rise to this terrorism and lynching. And that was followed by segregation and codification of racial hierarchy and Jim Crow. And while we passed civil rights laws, we never confronted the damage that this narrative of racial difference did and continues to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, the reason why teachers need to teach this history to students is because the black and brown children in their classrooms are going to be burdened with a presumption of dangerousness and guilt. And that presumption will exist for the rest of their lives until we confront this narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you can’t understand the power of it unless you understand the history of slavery and lynching and segregation. I also think that non-minorities in this country will not create a kind of freedom for themselves until they acknowledge this history. I don’t think any of us are free, to be honest. So rather than thinking that there’s something discretionary about the teaching of this history. I think it’s essential. I think you do a disservice to children of all colors and races and ethnicities by allowing them to be ignorant of the ways in which our country has yet to deal with the history of racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MG: How can students walk away from these lessons feeling hopeful and empowered instead of just upset and depressed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think that there’s so much evidence that despite the horrors of this history, that we have an incredible capacity to overcome, to survive, to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started my education in a colored school, because in my county black children were not allowed to go to the public schools. My great-grandparents were enslaved. My grandmother was in my ear all the time about this history of slavery. So despite the fact that my generational connection to slavery is very short, and that I started my education in a racially segregated school, and that there were no high schools for kids of color when my dad was a teenager, so he couldn’t go to high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite all of that, I had the great privilege to go to college, and to go to law school and to argue cases at the U.S. Supreme Court and to talk to lots and lots of people. And I am standing on the shoulders of those enslaved people who did not give up. Who learned to read despite the violence and degradation of slavery. And chose to have children and raise those children with hope and belief that if they worked hard they could achieve something. I’m standing on the shoulders of people who fled the terror in the American South and found ways to raise families and to create hope for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My parents were humiliated every day by Jim Crow segregation, and yet they persevered. Standing on the shoulders of these people means that I can do so much more. I do civil rights work, I’ve had a lot of challenges. But I’ve never had to say, like the people who came before me, “my head is bloody but not bowed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what that means to me is that I have every reason to believe that we can succeed, that we can prevail. That as they used to sing: “We shall overcome.” And that’s the hope, that’s the conviction. And if you understand its history, and really understand it, with the stories of violence and despair and pain and agony, there’s an unmatched story of perseverance, of hope, of strength, of resiliency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story is what ultimately ought to persuade all of us that we should not accept the status quo. We should not accept the presumption of dangerousness and guilt that continues to burden black and brown people in this country. We should not accept the silence that has accompanied our history of racial inequality and racial injustice. That we should demand more because we want more, we expect more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s ultimately a view that’s rooted in hope. To achieve these things, you’re going to have to be willing to stand up when other people say sit down, you’re going to have to be willing to speak when other people say be quiet, and you do that when you have enough hope to believe that act, that moment, is worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think anybody should despair in response to this history. I think they should get involved and do the things that need to be done to create a more just society.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26077/bryan-stevenson-on-why-we-cant-forget-americas-troubled-racial-history","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_2402"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2597"],"featImg":"lowdown_26188","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_25219":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_25219","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"25219","score":null,"sort":[1485806432000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1485806432,"format":"quote","disqusTitle":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)","title":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump-100-Days-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Trump's First 100 Days (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The recent changes to the official White House website speak volumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning of President Trump’s inauguration, the \u003ca href=\"http://The%20morning%20of%20President%20Trump%E2%80%99s%20inauguration,%20multiple%20pages%20outlining%20official%20policy%20and%20priorities%20on%20the%20White%20House%20website%20were%20removed%20or%20replaced%20with%20new%20text.%20Those%20pages%20include%20information%20about%20LGBT%20rights,%20civil%20rights,%20law%20enforcement%20and%20climate%20change.%20It%E2%80%99s%20not%20unusual%20for%20an%20incoming%20administration%20to%20change%20material%20on%20the%20Whitehouse.gov%20site.%20But%20it%E2%80%99s%20also%20a%20window%20into%20the%20new%20president%E2%80%99s%20priorities%20and%20how%20he%20might%20frame%20various%20solutions%20to%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20problems.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pages \u003c/a>on Whitehouse.gov outlining the president's official policy stances on civil rights, immigration and health care all vanished into cyberspace. So, too, did the page on combating \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-record/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a>. In fact, there's no longer a single mention of \"climate change\" on the entire site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping website edits are indicative of a seismic shift away from Obama administration policies, and they provide some insight into what Trump is likely to push for in his first 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first 100 days of a new administration have been the symbolic time frame for new administrations to set clear policy agendas. Traditionally, presidents have come to office on a wave of public goodwill, which makes it easier to quickly start fulfilling campaign promises. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and enters the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. Nevertheless, his administration has wasted no time in beginning to plow through an ambitious set of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/29/the-power-of-executive-action-what-trump-can-and-cant-do-in-his-first-100-days-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RELATED: Executive actions explained\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, President Donald Trump vowed to undo major parts of the Obama administration’s domestic and foreign policy actions, from repealing most of Obamacare and scrapping recent gun control rules to undoing immigration reforms and eliminating various environmental regulations. He reiterated these intentions in his \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\">Contract with the American Voter\u003c/a>, a plan released in October charting the first 100 days of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump is in the White House, he has tremendous leverage to quickly fulfill many of these campaign promises. Some he can\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/21/us/politics/what-trump-wants-to-do-in-his-first-100-days-and-how-difficult-each-will-be.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> put in place immediately\u003c/a> through executive action, with the mere stroke of a pen. For priorities that involve spending measures or the repeal of already enacted legislation, he needs support from Congress. And fortunately for him, both houses are controlled by Republicans eager to confirm his Cabinet nominees, support his agenda and approve his soon-to-be announced Supreme Court pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the issues in this interactive to learn more about some of the major policy issues on the table, and how Trump can shape them in his first 100 days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out what young people think about these and other key issues, check out the\u003ca href=\"https://letters2president.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Letters to the Next President\u003c/a> archive.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"unique-identifier1\" href=\"#yellow\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23334 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/nationalsecurity.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/economy-1.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Immigration1.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png\" alt=\"womensrights\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Healthcare1.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/environment_energy.png\" alt=\"Climate Change\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/CriminalJustice1.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/GunControl1.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/HigherEducation1.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>GUN CONTROL\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings make up only a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency, including a June 2016 rampage at an Orlando nightclub that killed 49 people, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Democratic efforts to enact stricter gun control regulations, congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked any new legislation. There is, however, strong public support for gun control measures. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\">2016 CNN poll\u003c/a>, 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent said they want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association -- which endorsed Trump -- remains huge, effectively killing almost all efforts for stricter gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump called gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He says he's opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed in all 50 states. He's also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama's executive actions on guns he enacted after the December 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting -- in lieu of congressional action -- that marginally expand background checks and help to crack down on illegal online gun sales. Trump has also advocated for eliminating gun-free zones in schools and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his campaign website, Trump stated that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He's also claimed that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>WOMEN'S RIGHTS\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court's landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision protecting a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans are still deeply divided on the issue. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June 2016, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers, a major victory for abortion rights advocates. In its 5-3 decision, the court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he adopted the anti-abortion stance of the Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first week in office, just days after massive women's marches took place around the world, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/?utm_term=.f2c063cddee0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive action\u003c/a> blocking any foreign aid or federal funding for international organizations that provide or \"promote\" abortions. The ban had previously been put in place by President George W. Bush and removed by President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also pledging to make more permanent changes to federal abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, most notably to the Supreme Court, who could further weaken abortion restrictions. He has, however, strayed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal funding for Planned Parenthood\u003c/a>, a national reproductive health organization that provides low-cost abortions and birth control, may also be on the chopping block as part of the Republicans' effort to repeal Obamacare. Vice President Mike Pence, a vocal anti-abortion advocate, has previously pushed for de-funding the organization. And as governor of Indiana, Pence signed into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for women seeking abortions and for the medical facilities providing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy was one of the most contentious issues in the 2016 election, and a cornerstone of Trump's campaign. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up about 13 percent of the nation’s total population. Just over \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented; living here without legal status . This population has actually slightly decreased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it's unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, 75 percent of respondents said that undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All legislative efforts to enact comprehensive immigration reform have stalled in Congress in recent years. In lieu of legislation, the Obama administration took a series of executive actions protecting undocumented young people and their parents, who meet certain conditions, from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, however, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning several of these executive actions that would have provided protection to nearly 5 million undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a record \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5 million people\u003c/a> were deported during Obama's presidency, more than any other administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tough talk on immigration has been a signature part of the Trump campaign since day one, and as president he now has broad powers to influence policy. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best ... They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, he repeatedly promised to eliminate \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/24/news/economy/daca-undocumented-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, one of Obama's surviving executive actions, which he can now fulfill on his own without congressional approval. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DACA\u003c/a> currently protects about 750,000 undocumented young people -- known as the DREAMers -- from deportation, allowing them to obtain driver's licenses, enroll in college and get jobs. Those who voluntarily registered with the government in order to participate in the program would become vulnerable to deportation if Trump follows through on his threat to get rid of it. As of his first week in office, it was still not clear if he would take action on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as a candidate, Trump initially pledged to deport all 11 million undocumented residents, he's since scaled back that threat, and now says the focus will primarily be on immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his most provocative talking points on the campaign trail was the promise to build a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with Mexico footing the estimated $10 billion bill. He also threatened to defund so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a>, those jurisdictions around the country that are generally unwilling to assist with local federal immigration enforcement efforts (including, interestingly, Washington, D.C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 25, in his first week in office, Trump addressed both of these issues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/25/politics/donald-trump-build-wall-immigration-executive-orders/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing a set of executive orders\u003c/a> calling for the construction of the border wall (which would still require congressional approval to pay for most of it) as well as beefing up border patrol and immigration enforcement. The following day, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto abruptly cancelled his planned meeting with Trump, a move that further heightened tensions and prompted Trump's press secretary to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-president-cancels-visit-to-washington-as-tensions-with-trump-administration-intensify/2017/01/26/ececc3da-e3d9-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html?utm_term=.e667a788ed2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce\u003c/a> that the wall would be funded through a a 20-percent tax imposed on all imports from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders also expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants who could be targets for deportation. And it threatens to cut off federal grant funding from sanctuary cities who don't comply with enforcement efforts, a move that, if enforced, will \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/01/bill-de-blasio/new-york-city-mayor-says-president-cant-defund-san/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely result in major legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A nation without borders is not a nation, and today the United States of America gets back control of its borders,\" Trump signed upon signing the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">initially called\u003c/a> for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.\" Closer to the election, he marginally softened his stance, instead proposing a temporary ban on refugees entering the United States, particularly those from Muslim countries with terrorist activity, who he insisted should be subject to \"extreme vetting.\" He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/21/trump-on-the-future-of-proposed-muslim-ban-registry-you-know-my-plans/?utm_term=.68d2477aa04a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed creating a registry\u003c/a> of Muslims living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\" alt=\"Trumps_Ban\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>In keeping with his promise, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/trump-refugee-plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial executive order\u003c/a> on Jan. 27 aimed at “protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States.” It imposes several sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/refugee-muslim-executive-order-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration-related measures\u003c/a>, including a 90-day ban on entry from seven \"terror-prone\" majority-Muslim countries: Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Libya and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the order suspends admission of all refugees into the United States for 120 days to allow for a thorough \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/us/why-it-takes-two-years-for-syrian-refugees-to-apply-to-enter-the-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the screening process\u003c/a>. After that period, refugee entry can then resume, but only for countries that satisfy U.S. security requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order caps the total number of admissions at 50,000 for the 2017 fiscal year, less than half the number admitted by Obama the previous year. Just since October -- the start of the 2017 fiscal year -- nearly 30,000 refugees have already entered the United States, leaving just over 20,000 refugee admission spots available for the next eight months. It also orders Homeland Security to prioritize refugee applications for people from religious minority groups, who in many of the Muslim-majority countries under consideration, are predominantly Christian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also suspends all Syrian refugees from entering the country until the administration determines that their admission would be “consistent with the national interest,\" a dramatic departure from Obama's resettlement program that admitted 10,000 Syrian refugees in the 2016 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington State and Minnesota quickly filed suit, challenging the legality of Trump's order. On Feb. 3, a U.S. district judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/us-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-travel-ban-nationwide/2017/02/03/e4888a4a-ea6d-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html?pushid=breaking-news_1486181330&tid=notifi_push_breaking-news&utm_term=.34acdf9a7f9a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the seven-nation ban, allowing travelers with valid visas to resume entering the country. The ruling was immediately appealed by the administration but quickly upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/appeals-court-trump-travel-ban.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\">unanimous decision\u003c/a> announced on Thursday, Feb. 9. The case will likely make its way to U.S. Supreme Court soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per the court's ruling, the United States will, for now, continue admitting new refugees, but many fewer than before. Under President Obama it was on pace to resettle 110,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 (October 2016 - September 2017). Trump's recent actions, however, reduce the yearly refugee cap to 50,000, a part of the executive order that has not been challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, roughly 716 for every 100,000 people, the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for nonviolent drug offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans and Latinos make up a disproportionate percentage of inmates. Because of the system’s astronomical costs, prison reform is actually one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, nonviolent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race, although they've responded very differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prison Policy Initiative: \"Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America\" (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> World Prison Brief - Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue, but he's long pledged to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and \"restore law and order,\" priorities supported by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala), his nominee for attorney general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump frequently makes the claim that crime has been rapidly increasing, reaching near-crisis levels. He's referred to America's inner cities as \"war zones.\" And although the U.S. murder rate and overall violent crime rate \u003cem>did\u003c/em> rise between 2014 and 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2015-crime-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the FBI\u003c/a>, those rates are still significantly lower than they were in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has expressed strong support for law enforcement, promising to defend them and claiming that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> police are far too often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood.” He's made clear that he fully intends to reverse course from Obama's Justice Department, which conducted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">numerous investigations\u003c/a> of discriminatory practices in some of the nation's largest police departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also shown support for private prisons, and will likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/04/508048666/will-the-private-prison-business-see-a-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reverse a recent decision\u003c/a> made by Obama's Justice Department to phase out their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ECONOMY AND TRADE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump inherits an economy in much better shape than the one Obama took on eight years ago. It's been slowly but consistently rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, with rising home prices, prolonged job growth and unemployment dipping below 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump successfully keyed into the economic frustration many working-class Americans continue to feel, promising populist reforms to bring back manufacturing jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his \u003ci>America First \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bringing-back-jobs-and-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic plan,\u003c/a> he's pledged to shrink government and roll back regulations (which he says cost the U.S. more than $2 trillion in 2015, an unsubstantiated claim). In his first week, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/01/23/trump-freezes-federal-hiring/?utm_term=.ec1932b80379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed an executive action\u003c/a> initiating a hiring freeze on all federal employees (except the military).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a meeting with business leaders during his first week, he pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/24/511341779/president-trump-to-cut-regulations-by-75-percent-how-real-is-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make America more business-friendly\u003c/a> by cutting regulations by 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna be cutting regulation massively,\" he said. \"The problem with the regulation that we have right now is that you can't do anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 30, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-regulations-idUSKBN15E1QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump signed an executive order\u003c/a> to do just that, requiring federal agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new rule introduced, and setting an annual cap on the cost of new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, he signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/03/presidential-executive-order-core-principles-regulating-united-states\">two directives\u003c/a> ordering the rollback of key Obama-era financial regulations, including a plan to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which placed restrictions on Wall Street banks after the 2008 financial meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also called for dramatically simplifying the tax code to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501739277/who-benefits-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-income-tier plan \u003c/a>(there are currently seven tiers), a move that would significantly lower tax rates for top income earners. He insists that the plan would reduce taxes for everyone (\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000924-an-analysis-of-donald-trumps-revised-tax-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a claim that's been disputed\u003c/a>) and help create 25 million new American jobs in the next decade, with 4 percent annual economic growth. In the coming months, his administration will draft a tax plan and federal budget (with lots of program cuts) for Congress to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long been outspoken on trade policy, promising protectionist policies that increase tariffs on large trading partners like China and Mexico, and penalizing American industries that move their factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, he called for withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a 12-nation trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration,that he once \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\">attacked\u003c/a> as “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.\" In his first week in office, Trump made good on this promise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/23/okay-the-trans-pacific-partnership-is-dead-what-was-it/?utm_term=.4392203d8b5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issuing an executive action\u003c/a> withdrawing from the deal and effectively it dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/trade-deals-working-all-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promised to renegotiate\u003c/a> the North American Free Trade Agreement and establish terms more favorable to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, he's called for a bill to spend $1 trillion on infrastructure projects over 10 years. \u003cspan class=\"fact-checked\">\"We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful nation,\" he pledged during his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/20/510629447/watch-live-president-trumps-inauguration-ceremony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inauguration address\u003c/a>. But the d\u003c/span>etails on where that money will come from and how it will be spent have been vague, aside from his plan to generate public-private partnerships and encourage private investment through generous tax credits. Infrastructure projects are actually among the few priorities that Trump and congressional Democrats agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in the campaign, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism remains a major concern. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to deploy more American troops on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In his inauguration address, Trump said: \"We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the specifics of how he intends to destroy the Islamic State and other terrorist groups is still largely unclear. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign rally in July\u003c/a>, Trump called for increasing attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like \u003cspan class=\"st\">Guantanamo\u003c/span> (which Obama tried to close) and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump was outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they were far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign speech last June,\u003c/a> Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace.” He's taken a more isolationist stance, repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/world/europe/donald-trump-nato.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticizing the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)\u003c/a>, arguing that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should invest heavily to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/making-our-military-strong-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rebuild\" its military\u003c/a>, ensuring America's continued position as the world's foremost superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within his first week in office, the Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/document-Trump-draft-executive-order-on-detention-and.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produced a draft executive order\u003c/a> (although not yet finalized or signed) that would lift a series of detainee restrictions imposed by Obama. Trump's order includes reauthorizing the use of CIA secret prisons, sending new detainees to the Guantánamo Bay prison (which Obama tried to close) and removing certain restrictions on how detainees can be treated and interrogated, a move underscoring his insistence that \"torture works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest carbon emitters\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump still disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. As a candidate he called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged\u003c/a> to cut environmental regulations, rescind President Obama’s Clean Power Plan intended to significantly reduce carbon emissions, increase coal mining and domestic oil and gas drilling, and overhaul what he's called the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency (a move he's shown a willingness to follow through on with his pick of staunch EPA critic and climate skeptic \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4635162/scott-pruitt-science-denial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> to head the agency).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if the administration will pull out of the Paris climate deal; Trump says he has an open mind about it and his Secretary of State pick Rex Tillerson has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed support for it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration's \"American First Energy Plan\" calls for \"eliminating harmful and unnecessary\" environmental regulations to open the door for increased domestic oil, gas and coal production.In an early commitment to this plan, Trump in his first week issued executive actions to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/politics/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revive construction\u003c/a> of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipelines, two highly controversial projects that were halted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act -- or Obamacare as it’s known -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some 7 million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and has long pledged to overturn it. On his campaign site, he called the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He says he aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing health care to undocumented immigrants costs billions annually and that mass deportation would\" relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In line with the Republican establishment, Trump is pushing to \"repeal and replace\" Obamacare (which would have to be done through Congress). More than 20 million people are insured through Obamacare, and Trump and other Republican leaders have pledged to come up with a replacement that allows them all to retain their coverage. The details of what that replacement would be, though, are still very unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Trump's first day in office, he signed his \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/upshot/what-does-the-order-against-the-health-law-actually-do.html\">first executive order\u003c/a>in an effort to chip away at Obamacare by directing federal officials to use all their authority to “provide greater flexibility to states” on the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week before his inauguration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-vows-insurance-for-everybody-in-obamacare-replacement-plan/2017/01/15/5f2b1e18-db5d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trump-interview-822pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.41419af8226d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump claimed\u003c/a> he was close to completing his plan to replace Obamacare, which he says will provide \"insurance for everybody\" and reduce costs by forcing drug companies to negotiate directly with the government. The plan also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/conway-obamacare-replacement-medicaid-block-grants/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposes converting federal funds\u003c/a> for Medicaid into block grants to states, altering how millions of low-income people receive their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them -- up from 29 million in 2008 -- are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. His education secretary nominee, Betsy DeVos, also revealed very little\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/18/what-we-learned-about-betsy-devoss-higher-education-positions-not-much/?utm_term=.9a1d6a6f105a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> during her Senate confirmation hearings\u003c/a> on how she'd manage an agency that oversees thousands of colleges and universities and trillions of dollars of federal educational loans and grants .\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"25219 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=25219","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/01/30/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":4936,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":94},"modified":1544570857,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9","title":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-01-30T12:00:32-08:00","dateModified":"2018-12-11T15:27:37-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","status":"publish","customPermalink":"2017/01/24/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan/","path":"/lowdown/25219/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump-100-Days-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Trump's First 100 Days (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The recent changes to the official White House website speak volumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning of President Trump’s inauguration, the \u003ca href=\"http://The%20morning%20of%20President%20Trump%E2%80%99s%20inauguration,%20multiple%20pages%20outlining%20official%20policy%20and%20priorities%20on%20the%20White%20House%20website%20were%20removed%20or%20replaced%20with%20new%20text.%20Those%20pages%20include%20information%20about%20LGBT%20rights,%20civil%20rights,%20law%20enforcement%20and%20climate%20change.%20It%E2%80%99s%20not%20unusual%20for%20an%20incoming%20administration%20to%20change%20material%20on%20the%20Whitehouse.gov%20site.%20But%20it%E2%80%99s%20also%20a%20window%20into%20the%20new%20president%E2%80%99s%20priorities%20and%20how%20he%20might%20frame%20various%20solutions%20to%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20problems.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pages \u003c/a>on Whitehouse.gov outlining the president's official policy stances on civil rights, immigration and health care all vanished into cyberspace. So, too, did the page on combating \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-record/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a>. In fact, there's no longer a single mention of \"climate change\" on the entire site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping website edits are indicative of a seismic shift away from Obama administration policies, and they provide some insight into what Trump is likely to push for in his first 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first 100 days of a new administration have been the symbolic time frame for new administrations to set clear policy agendas. Traditionally, presidents have come to office on a wave of public goodwill, which makes it easier to quickly start fulfilling campaign promises. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and enters the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. Nevertheless, his administration has wasted no time in beginning to plow through an ambitious set of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/29/the-power-of-executive-action-what-trump-can-and-cant-do-in-his-first-100-days-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RELATED: Executive actions explained\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, President Donald Trump vowed to undo major parts of the Obama administration’s domestic and foreign policy actions, from repealing most of Obamacare and scrapping recent gun control rules to undoing immigration reforms and eliminating various environmental regulations. He reiterated these intentions in his \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\">Contract with the American Voter\u003c/a>, a plan released in October charting the first 100 days of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump is in the White House, he has tremendous leverage to quickly fulfill many of these campaign promises. Some he can\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/21/us/politics/what-trump-wants-to-do-in-his-first-100-days-and-how-difficult-each-will-be.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> put in place immediately\u003c/a> through executive action, with the mere stroke of a pen. For priorities that involve spending measures or the repeal of already enacted legislation, he needs support from Congress. And fortunately for him, both houses are controlled by Republicans eager to confirm his Cabinet nominees, support his agenda and approve his soon-to-be announced Supreme Court pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the issues in this interactive to learn more about some of the major policy issues on the table, and how Trump can shape them in his first 100 days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out what young people think about these and other key issues, check out the\u003ca href=\"https://letters2president.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Letters to the Next President\u003c/a> archive.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"unique-identifier1\" href=\"#yellow\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23334 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/nationalsecurity.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/economy-1.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Immigration1.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png\" alt=\"womensrights\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Healthcare1.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/environment_energy.png\" alt=\"Climate Change\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/CriminalJustice1.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/GunControl1.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/HigherEducation1.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>GUN CONTROL\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings make up only a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency, including a June 2016 rampage at an Orlando nightclub that killed 49 people, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Democratic efforts to enact stricter gun control regulations, congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked any new legislation. There is, however, strong public support for gun control measures. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\">2016 CNN poll\u003c/a>, 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent said they want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association -- which endorsed Trump -- remains huge, effectively killing almost all efforts for stricter gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump called gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He says he's opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed in all 50 states. He's also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama's executive actions on guns he enacted after the December 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting -- in lieu of congressional action -- that marginally expand background checks and help to crack down on illegal online gun sales. Trump has also advocated for eliminating gun-free zones in schools and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his campaign website, Trump stated that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He's also claimed that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>WOMEN'S RIGHTS\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court's landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision protecting a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans are still deeply divided on the issue. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June 2016, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers, a major victory for abortion rights advocates. In its 5-3 decision, the court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he adopted the anti-abortion stance of the Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first week in office, just days after massive women's marches took place around the world, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/?utm_term=.f2c063cddee0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive action\u003c/a> blocking any foreign aid or federal funding for international organizations that provide or \"promote\" abortions. The ban had previously been put in place by President George W. Bush and removed by President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also pledging to make more permanent changes to federal abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, most notably to the Supreme Court, who could further weaken abortion restrictions. He has, however, strayed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal funding for Planned Parenthood\u003c/a>, a national reproductive health organization that provides low-cost abortions and birth control, may also be on the chopping block as part of the Republicans' effort to repeal Obamacare. Vice President Mike Pence, a vocal anti-abortion advocate, has previously pushed for de-funding the organization. And as governor of Indiana, Pence signed into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for women seeking abortions and for the medical facilities providing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy was one of the most contentious issues in the 2016 election, and a cornerstone of Trump's campaign. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up about 13 percent of the nation’s total population. Just over \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented; living here without legal status . This population has actually slightly decreased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it's unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, 75 percent of respondents said that undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All legislative efforts to enact comprehensive immigration reform have stalled in Congress in recent years. In lieu of legislation, the Obama administration took a series of executive actions protecting undocumented young people and their parents, who meet certain conditions, from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, however, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning several of these executive actions that would have provided protection to nearly 5 million undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a record \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5 million people\u003c/a> were deported during Obama's presidency, more than any other administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tough talk on immigration has been a signature part of the Trump campaign since day one, and as president he now has broad powers to influence policy. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best ... They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, he repeatedly promised to eliminate \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/24/news/economy/daca-undocumented-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, one of Obama's surviving executive actions, which he can now fulfill on his own without congressional approval. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DACA\u003c/a> currently protects about 750,000 undocumented young people -- known as the DREAMers -- from deportation, allowing them to obtain driver's licenses, enroll in college and get jobs. Those who voluntarily registered with the government in order to participate in the program would become vulnerable to deportation if Trump follows through on his threat to get rid of it. As of his first week in office, it was still not clear if he would take action on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as a candidate, Trump initially pledged to deport all 11 million undocumented residents, he's since scaled back that threat, and now says the focus will primarily be on immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his most provocative talking points on the campaign trail was the promise to build a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with Mexico footing the estimated $10 billion bill. He also threatened to defund so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a>, those jurisdictions around the country that are generally unwilling to assist with local federal immigration enforcement efforts (including, interestingly, Washington, D.C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 25, in his first week in office, Trump addressed both of these issues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/25/politics/donald-trump-build-wall-immigration-executive-orders/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing a set of executive orders\u003c/a> calling for the construction of the border wall (which would still require congressional approval to pay for most of it) as well as beefing up border patrol and immigration enforcement. The following day, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto abruptly cancelled his planned meeting with Trump, a move that further heightened tensions and prompted Trump's press secretary to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-president-cancels-visit-to-washington-as-tensions-with-trump-administration-intensify/2017/01/26/ececc3da-e3d9-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html?utm_term=.e667a788ed2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce\u003c/a> that the wall would be funded through a a 20-percent tax imposed on all imports from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders also expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants who could be targets for deportation. And it threatens to cut off federal grant funding from sanctuary cities who don't comply with enforcement efforts, a move that, if enforced, will \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/01/bill-de-blasio/new-york-city-mayor-says-president-cant-defund-san/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely result in major legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A nation without borders is not a nation, and today the United States of America gets back control of its borders,\" Trump signed upon signing the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">initially called\u003c/a> for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.\" Closer to the election, he marginally softened his stance, instead proposing a temporary ban on refugees entering the United States, particularly those from Muslim countries with terrorist activity, who he insisted should be subject to \"extreme vetting.\" He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/21/trump-on-the-future-of-proposed-muslim-ban-registry-you-know-my-plans/?utm_term=.68d2477aa04a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed creating a registry\u003c/a> of Muslims living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\" alt=\"Trumps_Ban\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>In keeping with his promise, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/trump-refugee-plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial executive order\u003c/a> on Jan. 27 aimed at “protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States.” It imposes several sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/refugee-muslim-executive-order-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration-related measures\u003c/a>, including a 90-day ban on entry from seven \"terror-prone\" majority-Muslim countries: Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Libya and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the order suspends admission of all refugees into the United States for 120 days to allow for a thorough \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/us/why-it-takes-two-years-for-syrian-refugees-to-apply-to-enter-the-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the screening process\u003c/a>. After that period, refugee entry can then resume, but only for countries that satisfy U.S. security requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order caps the total number of admissions at 50,000 for the 2017 fiscal year, less than half the number admitted by Obama the previous year. Just since October -- the start of the 2017 fiscal year -- nearly 30,000 refugees have already entered the United States, leaving just over 20,000 refugee admission spots available for the next eight months. It also orders Homeland Security to prioritize refugee applications for people from religious minority groups, who in many of the Muslim-majority countries under consideration, are predominantly Christian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also suspends all Syrian refugees from entering the country until the administration determines that their admission would be “consistent with the national interest,\" a dramatic departure from Obama's resettlement program that admitted 10,000 Syrian refugees in the 2016 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington State and Minnesota quickly filed suit, challenging the legality of Trump's order. On Feb. 3, a U.S. district judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/us-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-travel-ban-nationwide/2017/02/03/e4888a4a-ea6d-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html?pushid=breaking-news_1486181330&tid=notifi_push_breaking-news&utm_term=.34acdf9a7f9a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the seven-nation ban, allowing travelers with valid visas to resume entering the country. The ruling was immediately appealed by the administration but quickly upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/appeals-court-trump-travel-ban.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\">unanimous decision\u003c/a> announced on Thursday, Feb. 9. The case will likely make its way to U.S. Supreme Court soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per the court's ruling, the United States will, for now, continue admitting new refugees, but many fewer than before. Under President Obama it was on pace to resettle 110,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 (October 2016 - September 2017). Trump's recent actions, however, reduce the yearly refugee cap to 50,000, a part of the executive order that has not been challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, roughly 716 for every 100,000 people, the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for nonviolent drug offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans and Latinos make up a disproportionate percentage of inmates. Because of the system’s astronomical costs, prison reform is actually one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, nonviolent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race, although they've responded very differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prison Policy Initiative: \"Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America\" (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> World Prison Brief - Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue, but he's long pledged to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and \"restore law and order,\" priorities supported by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala), his nominee for attorney general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump frequently makes the claim that crime has been rapidly increasing, reaching near-crisis levels. He's referred to America's inner cities as \"war zones.\" And although the U.S. murder rate and overall violent crime rate \u003cem>did\u003c/em> rise between 2014 and 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2015-crime-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the FBI\u003c/a>, those rates are still significantly lower than they were in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has expressed strong support for law enforcement, promising to defend them and claiming that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> police are far too often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood.” He's made clear that he fully intends to reverse course from Obama's Justice Department, which conducted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">numerous investigations\u003c/a> of discriminatory practices in some of the nation's largest police departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also shown support for private prisons, and will likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/04/508048666/will-the-private-prison-business-see-a-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reverse a recent decision\u003c/a> made by Obama's Justice Department to phase out their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ECONOMY AND TRADE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump inherits an economy in much better shape than the one Obama took on eight years ago. It's been slowly but consistently rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, with rising home prices, prolonged job growth and unemployment dipping below 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump successfully keyed into the economic frustration many working-class Americans continue to feel, promising populist reforms to bring back manufacturing jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his \u003ci>America First \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bringing-back-jobs-and-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic plan,\u003c/a> he's pledged to shrink government and roll back regulations (which he says cost the U.S. more than $2 trillion in 2015, an unsubstantiated claim). In his first week, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/01/23/trump-freezes-federal-hiring/?utm_term=.ec1932b80379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed an executive action\u003c/a> initiating a hiring freeze on all federal employees (except the military).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a meeting with business leaders during his first week, he pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/24/511341779/president-trump-to-cut-regulations-by-75-percent-how-real-is-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make America more business-friendly\u003c/a> by cutting regulations by 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna be cutting regulation massively,\" he said. \"The problem with the regulation that we have right now is that you can't do anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 30, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-regulations-idUSKBN15E1QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump signed an executive order\u003c/a> to do just that, requiring federal agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new rule introduced, and setting an annual cap on the cost of new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, he signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/03/presidential-executive-order-core-principles-regulating-united-states\">two directives\u003c/a> ordering the rollback of key Obama-era financial regulations, including a plan to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which placed restrictions on Wall Street banks after the 2008 financial meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also called for dramatically simplifying the tax code to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501739277/who-benefits-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-income-tier plan \u003c/a>(there are currently seven tiers), a move that would significantly lower tax rates for top income earners. He insists that the plan would reduce taxes for everyone (\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000924-an-analysis-of-donald-trumps-revised-tax-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a claim that's been disputed\u003c/a>) and help create 25 million new American jobs in the next decade, with 4 percent annual economic growth. In the coming months, his administration will draft a tax plan and federal budget (with lots of program cuts) for Congress to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long been outspoken on trade policy, promising protectionist policies that increase tariffs on large trading partners like China and Mexico, and penalizing American industries that move their factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, he called for withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a 12-nation trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration,that he once \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\">attacked\u003c/a> as “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.\" In his first week in office, Trump made good on this promise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/23/okay-the-trans-pacific-partnership-is-dead-what-was-it/?utm_term=.4392203d8b5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issuing an executive action\u003c/a> withdrawing from the deal and effectively it dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/trade-deals-working-all-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promised to renegotiate\u003c/a> the North American Free Trade Agreement and establish terms more favorable to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, he's called for a bill to spend $1 trillion on infrastructure projects over 10 years. \u003cspan class=\"fact-checked\">\"We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful nation,\" he pledged during his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/20/510629447/watch-live-president-trumps-inauguration-ceremony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inauguration address\u003c/a>. But the d\u003c/span>etails on where that money will come from and how it will be spent have been vague, aside from his plan to generate public-private partnerships and encourage private investment through generous tax credits. Infrastructure projects are actually among the few priorities that Trump and congressional Democrats agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in the campaign, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism remains a major concern. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to deploy more American troops on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In his inauguration address, Trump said: \"We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the specifics of how he intends to destroy the Islamic State and other terrorist groups is still largely unclear. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign rally in July\u003c/a>, Trump called for increasing attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like \u003cspan class=\"st\">Guantanamo\u003c/span> (which Obama tried to close) and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump was outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they were far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign speech last June,\u003c/a> Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace.” He's taken a more isolationist stance, repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/world/europe/donald-trump-nato.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticizing the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)\u003c/a>, arguing that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should invest heavily to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/making-our-military-strong-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rebuild\" its military\u003c/a>, ensuring America's continued position as the world's foremost superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within his first week in office, the Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/document-Trump-draft-executive-order-on-detention-and.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produced a draft executive order\u003c/a> (although not yet finalized or signed) that would lift a series of detainee restrictions imposed by Obama. Trump's order includes reauthorizing the use of CIA secret prisons, sending new detainees to the Guantánamo Bay prison (which Obama tried to close) and removing certain restrictions on how detainees can be treated and interrogated, a move underscoring his insistence that \"torture works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest carbon emitters\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump still disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. As a candidate he called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged\u003c/a> to cut environmental regulations, rescind President Obama’s Clean Power Plan intended to significantly reduce carbon emissions, increase coal mining and domestic oil and gas drilling, and overhaul what he's called the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency (a move he's shown a willingness to follow through on with his pick of staunch EPA critic and climate skeptic \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4635162/scott-pruitt-science-denial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> to head the agency).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if the administration will pull out of the Paris climate deal; Trump says he has an open mind about it and his Secretary of State pick Rex Tillerson has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed support for it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration's \"American First Energy Plan\" calls for \"eliminating harmful and unnecessary\" environmental regulations to open the door for increased domestic oil, gas and coal production.In an early commitment to this plan, Trump in his first week issued executive actions to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/politics/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revive construction\u003c/a> of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipelines, two highly controversial projects that were halted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act -- or Obamacare as it’s known -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some 7 million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and has long pledged to overturn it. On his campaign site, he called the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He says he aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing health care to undocumented immigrants costs billions annually and that mass deportation would\" relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In line with the Republican establishment, Trump is pushing to \"repeal and replace\" Obamacare (which would have to be done through Congress). More than 20 million people are insured through Obamacare, and Trump and other Republican leaders have pledged to come up with a replacement that allows them all to retain their coverage. The details of what that replacement would be, though, are still very unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Trump's first day in office, he signed his \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/upshot/what-does-the-order-against-the-health-law-actually-do.html\">first executive order\u003c/a>in an effort to chip away at Obamacare by directing federal officials to use all their authority to “provide greater flexibility to states” on the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week before his inauguration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-vows-insurance-for-everybody-in-obamacare-replacement-plan/2017/01/15/5f2b1e18-db5d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trump-interview-822pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.41419af8226d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump claimed\u003c/a> he was close to completing his plan to replace Obamacare, which he says will provide \"insurance for everybody\" and reduce costs by forcing drug companies to negotiate directly with the government. The plan also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/conway-obamacare-replacement-medicaid-block-grants/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposes converting federal funds\u003c/a> for Medicaid into block grants to states, altering how millions of low-income people receive their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them -- up from 29 million in 2008 -- are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. His education secretary nominee, Betsy DeVos, also revealed very little\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/18/what-we-learned-about-betsy-devoss-higher-education-positions-not-much/?utm_term=.9a1d6a6f105a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> during her Senate confirmation hearings\u003c/a> on how she'd manage an agency that oversees thousands of colleges and universities and trillions of dollars of federal educational loans and grants .\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/25219/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2498","lowdown_2390","lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399","lowdown_2370","lowdown_2365","lowdown_2366","lowdown_2372","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2585"],"featImg":"lowdown_24651","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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