When Adolescents Give Up Pot, Their Cognition Quickly Improves
Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health
A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty
Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears
California Youth Are Failing to Recognize Dangers of Juul E-Cigarettes
Open Those Blinds: Sunlight Helps Kill Indoor Bacteria
Human Retinas Grown In a Dish Reveal Origin Of Color Vision
Easy DNA Identifications With Genealogy Databases Raise Privacy Concerns
Jewelry Laced With Toxic Metal Showing Up On Shelves of National Retailers
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"futureofyou_445319":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445319","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445319","found":true},"title":"Even a week without marijuana use improves young people's ability to learn and remember.","publishDate":1541016079,"status":"inherit","parent":445318,"modified":1541016322,"caption":"Even a week without marijuana use improves young people's ability to learn and remember.","credit":"Burger/Canopy/Getty Images","description":"Even a week without marijuana use improves young people's ability to learn and remember.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-160x108.jpg","width":160,"height":108,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-800x541.jpg","width":800,"height":541,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-768x520.jpg","width":768,"height":520,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-1020x690.jpg","width":1020,"height":690,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-1200x812.jpg","width":1200,"height":812,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-1920x1299.jpg","width":1920,"height":1299,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-1180x798.jpg","width":1180,"height":798,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-960x649.jpg","width":960,"height":649,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-240x162.jpg","width":240,"height":162,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-375x254.jpg","width":375,"height":254,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-520x352.jpg","width":520,"height":352,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-1180x798.jpg","width":1180,"height":798,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-1920x1299.jpg","width":1920,"height":1299,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-530611158_enl-ecd4fe24df1a5e399363d263d90426022148ffe9.jpg","width":2000,"height":1353}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_445307":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445307","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445307","found":true},"title":"Evelyn Marie Vukadinovich is swabbed with a gauze pad immediately after being born by cesarean section at Inova Women's Hospital in Falls Church, Va.","publishDate":1540920906,"status":"inherit","parent":445306,"modified":1540921229,"caption":"Evelyn Marie Vukadinovich is swabbed with a gauze pad immediately after being born by cesarean section at Inova Women's Hospital in Falls Church, Va.","credit":"Mary Mathis/NPR","description":"Evelyn Marie Vukadinovich is swabbed with a gauze pad immediately after being born by cesarean section at Inova Women's Hospital in Falls Church, Va.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-768x511.jpg","width":768,"height":511,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-1020x679.jpg","width":1020,"height":679,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-1200x799.jpg","width":1200,"height":799,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-1920x1279.jpg","width":1920,"height":1279,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-1180x786.jpg","width":1180,"height":786,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-960x639.jpg","width":960,"height":639,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-520x346.jpg","width":520,"height":346,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-1180x786.jpg","width":1180,"height":786,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-1920x1279.jpg","width":1920,"height":1279,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/fw5a2980_enl-04f7670cb35f7d11d34faa7bb63a5a7a1eb85679.jpg","width":2000,"height":1332}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_445141":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445141","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445141","found":true},"title":"Research suggests team sports can help ease panic attacks, sleep or mood disorders more than other types of exercise.","publishDate":1540229399,"status":"inherit","parent":445140,"modified":1540229573,"caption":null,"credit":"Maria Fabrizio for NPR","description":"Research suggests team sports can help ease panic attacks, sleep or mood disorders more than other types of exercise.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-160x90.jpg","width":160,"height":90,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-1200x675.jpg","width":1200,"height":675,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-240x135.jpg","width":240,"height":135,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-375x211.jpg","width":375,"height":211,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-520x292.jpg","width":520,"height":292,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/mental-health-team_wide-c99648f255295f828a784a22bdb5774bb58a0ec9.jpg","width":4793,"height":2696}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_445136":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445136","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445136","found":true},"title":"couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85","publishDate":1540229174,"status":"inherit","parent":445133,"modified":1540229190,"caption":"When you get hearing aids, it can help you stay more stimulated and socially engaged.","credit":"Fancy/Veer/Corbis/Getty Images","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-160x120.jpg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-800x599.jpg","width":800,"height":599,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-768x575.jpg","width":768,"height":575,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-800x576.jpg","width":800,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-240x180.jpg","width":240,"height":180,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-375x281.jpg","width":375,"height":281,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-520x389.jpg","width":520,"height":389,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/couple-talking-48ca7ee916f37bc48386cd605ce8f9783c442be9-s800-c85.jpg","width":800,"height":599}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_445087":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445087","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445087","found":true},"title":"US-INDUSTRY-TOBACCO-HEALTH-TEENS","publishDate":1539896470,"status":"inherit","parent":445076,"modified":1539968323,"caption":"Researchers worry young people are unaware of the dangers of electronic cigarettes. ","credit":"EVA HAMBACH/AFP/Getty Images","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-160x120.jpg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-800x600.jpg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-768x576.jpg","width":768,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-1020x765.jpg","width":1020,"height":765,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-1200x900.jpg","width":1200,"height":900,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-1920x1439.jpg","width":1920,"height":1439,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-1180x885.jpg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-960x720.jpg","width":960,"height":720,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-240x180.jpg","width":240,"height":180,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-375x281.jpg","width":375,"height":281,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-520x390.jpg","width":520,"height":390,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-1180x885.jpg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-1920x1439.jpg","width":1920,"height":1439,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-1044550250.jpg","width":3907,"height":2929}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_445096":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445096","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445096","found":true},"title":"University of Oregon scientists used real dust from inside homes around Portland to test the effects of sunlight, UV light and darkness on bacteria found in the dust.","publishDate":1539966024,"status":"inherit","parent":445095,"modified":1539966094,"caption":"University of Oregon scientists used real dust from inside homes around Portland to test the effects of sunlight, UV light and darkness on bacteria found in the dust.\n","credit":"Dave G Kelly/Getty Images","description":"University of Oregon scientists used real dust from inside homes around Portland to test the effects of sunlight, UV light and darkness on bacteria found in the dust.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-160x120.jpg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-800x600.jpg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-768x576.jpg","width":768,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-1020x765.jpg","width":1020,"height":765,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-1200x900.jpg","width":1200,"height":900,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-1180x885.jpg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-960x720.jpg","width":960,"height":720,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-240x180.jpg","width":240,"height":180,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-375x281.jpg","width":375,"height":281,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-520x390.jpg","width":520,"height":390,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-1180x885.jpg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/ray-of-light-04b93c022f3f58ba1a5f0492d1d612cd990c84f3.jpg","width":1883,"height":1412}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_445029":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445029","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445029","found":true},"title":"A 291-day-old retina. Our ability to see colors develops in the womb. Now scientists have replicated that process, which could help accelerate efforts to cure colorblindness and lead to new treatments for diseases.","publishDate":1539363457,"status":"inherit","parent":445028,"modified":1539363484,"caption":"A 291-day-old retina. Our ability to see colors develops in the womb. Now scientists have replicated that process, which could help accelerate efforts to cure colorblindness and lead to new treatments for diseases.","credit":"Johns Hopkins University","description":"A 291-day-old retina. Our ability to see colors develops in the womb. Now scientists have replicated that process, which could help accelerate efforts to cure colorblindness and lead to new treatments for diseases.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-160x162.jpg","width":160,"height":162,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-800x810.jpg","width":800,"height":810,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-768x777.jpg","width":768,"height":777,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-1020x1032.jpg","width":1020,"height":1032,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-1186x1200.jpg","width":1186,"height":1200,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-1920x1943.jpg","width":1920,"height":1943,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-1180x1194.jpg","width":1180,"height":1194,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-960x972.jpg","width":960,"height":972,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-240x243.jpg","width":240,"height":243,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-375x380.jpg","width":375,"height":380,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-520x526.jpg","width":520,"height":526,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-1180x1194.jpg","width":1180,"height":1194,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-1920x1943.jpg","width":1920,"height":1943,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/retina_enl-2852678840ac9f7a851ac384e437b6d148f3db47.jpg","width":2456,"height":2486}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_445020":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445020","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445020","found":true},"title":"DNA sleuthing helped identify Joseph James DeAngelo, the suspected East Area Rapist, who was arraigned in a Sacramento, Calif., courtroom in April.","publishDate":1539363026,"status":"inherit","parent":445019,"modified":1539363144,"caption":"DNA sleuthing helped identify Joseph James DeAngelo, the suspected East Area Rapist, who was arraigned in a Sacramento, Calif., courtroom in April.\n","credit":"Randy Pench/Sacramento Bee/TNS via Getty Images","description":"DNA sleuthing helped identify Joseph James DeAngelo, the suspected East Area Rapist, who was arraigned in a Sacramento, Calif., courtroom in April.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-160x106.jpg","width":160,"height":106,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-800x532.jpg","width":800,"height":532,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-768x511.jpg","width":768,"height":511,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-1020x679.jpg","width":1020,"height":679,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-1200x799.jpg","width":1200,"height":799,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-1920x1278.jpg","width":1920,"height":1278,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-1180x785.jpg","width":1180,"height":785,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-960x639.jpg","width":960,"height":639,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-520x346.jpg","width":520,"height":346,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-1180x785.jpg","width":1180,"height":785,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-1920x1278.jpg","width":1920,"height":1278,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/gettyimages-952218804_enl-c202597a13ed2b2ac22ed4e2ec6153b4c09db3c8.jpg","width":2000,"height":1331}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_445007":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445007","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445007","found":true},"title":"Gold Prices Fall To Five-Year Low","publishDate":1539268170,"status":"inherit","parent":445004,"modified":1539268212,"caption":"A jewelry store is viewed in Manhattan on July 21, 2015 in New York City. ","credit":"Spencer Platt/Getty Images","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-1200x800.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-520x347.jpg","width":520,"height":347,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-481500656.jpg","width":3000,"height":2000}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_futureofyou_445318":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445318","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445318","name":"Rachel D. Cohen, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_445306":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445306","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445306","name":"Rob Stein, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_445140":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445140","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445140","name":"Sasa Woodruff, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_445133":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445133","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445133","name":"Allison Aubrey, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_445076":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445076","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445076","name":"Laura Klivans and Amel Ahmed","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_445095":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445095","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445095","name":"Kathleen O'Neil, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_445028":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445028","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445028","name":"Jon Hamilton, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_445019":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445019","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445019","name":"Rob Stein, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_445004":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445004","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445004","name":"Ariel Tu\u003cbr />The Associated Press","isLoading":false}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_445318":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445318","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445318","score":null,"sort":[1541016263000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves","title":"When Adolescents Give Up Pot, Their Cognition Quickly Improves","publishDate":1541016263,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Marijuana, it seems, is not a performance-enhancing drug. That is, at least, not among young people, and not when the activity is learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2018/v79/17m11977.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published Tuesday\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Journal of Clinical Psychiatry \u003c/em>finds that when adolescents stop using marijuana — even for just one week — their verbal learning and memory improve. The study contributes to growing\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> evidence that marijuana use in adolescents\u003c/a> is associated with reduced neurocognitive functioning.[contextly_sidebar id=\"gapfFkqeMFkKiddjhmrAPnGjnaQfV5tT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 14 percent of students in middle school and high school reported using marijuana within the past month, finds a \u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Institutes of Health survey\u003c/a> conducted in 2017. And marijuana use has increased among high-schoolers over the past 10 years, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/substance-use/marijuana/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Department of Health & Human Services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the percentage of teens who believe that regular marijuana use poses a great risk to their health has\u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-vol2_2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> dropped sharply since the mid-2000s\u003c/a>. And legalization of marijuana may play a part in shaping how young people think about the drug. One study noted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5365078/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after 2012, when marijuana was legalized\u003c/a> in Washington state, the number of eighth-graders there that believed marijuana posed risks to their health dropped by 14 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are particularly concerned with marijuana use among the young because THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, most sharply affects the parts of the brain that develop during adolescence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The adolescent brain is undergoing significant neurodevelopment well into the 20s, and the regions that are last to develop are those regions that are most populated by cannabis receptors and are also very critical to cognitive functioning,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mghaddictionmedicine.com/about/staff/randi-schuster-ph-d/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Randi Schuster\u003c/a>. Schuster is the director of neuropsychology at Massachusetts General Hospital's Center for Addiction Medicine and the study's lead author.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lZELc7PUUZvmD5VTorbXygfap5jLk01F\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schuster and the team of researchers set out to determine if cognitive functions that are potentially harmed by marijuana use in adolescents — particularly attention and memory — improve when they abstain from marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They recruited 88 pot-using teens and young adults, ages 16 to 25, and got some of them to agree to stop smoking (or otherwise consuming) marijuana for the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schuster says the researchers wanted to recruit a range of participants, not just heavy users or those in a treatment program, for example. Some of the young people smoked once per week; some smoked nearly daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers randomly assigned the volunteers into an abstaining group and a nonabstaining group. They delivered the bad news to those chosen to be abstainers at the end of their first visit, and Schuster says, they took it surprisingly well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People were generally fine,\" she says. \"We kind of went through what the next month would look like and helped them come up with strategies for staying abstinent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One motivation for the non-tokers to stick with the program? They received increasing amounts of money each week of the month-long study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers urine-tested both groups on a weekly basis to make sure that the THC levels for the abstinent group were going down, and that the levels for the control group were staying consistent as they continued using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at each visit, the participants completed a variety of tasks testing their attention and memory through the\u003ca href=\"http://www.cambridgecognition.com/cantab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery\u003c/a>, a validated cognitive assessment tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that after four weeks, there was no noticeable difference in attention scores between the marijuana users and the nonusers. But, the memory scores of the nonusers improved, whereas the users' memories mostly stayed the same.[contextly_sidebar id=\"c4SATwAqatlL4R15kRXVJih13AxNqqVR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The verbal memory test challenged participants to learn and recall new words, which \"lets us look both at their ability to learn information the first time the words were presented, as well as the number of words that they're able to retrieve from long-term memory storage after a delay,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verbal memory is particularly relevant for adolescents and young adults when they're in the classroom, Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For an adolescent sitting in their history class learning new facts for the first time, we're suspecting that active cannabis users might have a difficult time putting that new information into their long-term memory,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this study didn't prove that abstaining from cannabis improves adolescents' attention, other studies have found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marijuana users fare worse in attention tests\u003c/a> than nonusers. Schuster hypothesizes it might take more than four weeks of abstinence for attention levels to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, most of the memory improvement for the abstinent group happened during the first week of the study, which leaves the researchers feeling hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were pleasantly surprised to see that at least some of the deficits that we think may be caused by cannabis appear to be reversible, and at least some of them are quickly reversible, which is good news,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One weakness of this study is its lack of a non-marijuana-using control group, says \u003ca href=\"https://uwm.edu/psychology/people/lisdahl-krista-m/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krista Lisdahl\u003c/a>, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee who was not involved with the study but also researches the neuroscience of addiction. Because of this, it's difficult to conclude whether the improvements in memory brought the participants back to their baseline levels prior to using marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, because the study lasted only four weeks, it's impossible to draw conclusions about the long-term effects of marijuana usage for young people, such as how marijuana directly affects academic performance, sleep patterns or mood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisdahl says that longitudinal studies such as the NIH's\u003ca href=\"https://abcdstudy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study\u003c/a> could provide more information about what marijuana does to the adolescent brain. It might also reveal what happens if adolescents stop using marijuana and if their brain functioning can completely recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisdahl is helping with the NIH study, which has, to date, enrolled more than 11,000 children ages 9 and 10 and will follow them into young adulthood. It's the largest long-term research study on child brain development in the U.S., and it assesses how everything from screen time to concussions to drugs affect adolescents' brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Lisdahl says the findings from the new study — that abstinence from marijuana is associated with improvements in adolescents' learning and memory — sends a positive message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remain optimistic that we can show recovery of function with sustained abstinence,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR's Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Adolescents+Give+Up+Pot%2C+Their+Cognition+Quickly+Improves&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When researchers convinced a group of young people to stop smoking pot, their cognition quickly improved. This adds to research warning against teen pot use, despite marijuana's growing acceptance. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1541016393,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1093},"headData":{"title":"When Adolescents Give Up Pot, Their Cognition Quickly Improves | KQED","description":"When researchers convinced a group of young people to stop smoking pot, their cognition quickly improved. This adds to research warning against teen pot use, despite marijuana's growing acceptance. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"When Adolescents Give Up Pot, Their Cognition Quickly Improves","datePublished":"2018-10-31T20:04:23.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-31T20:06:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445318 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445318","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/31/when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves/","disqusTitle":"When Adolescents Give Up Pot, Their Cognition Quickly Improves","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Rachel D. Cohen, NPR","nprImageAgency":"BURGER/Canopy/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"662127406","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=662127406&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/30/662127406/when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves?ft=nprml&f=662127406","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 31 Oct 2018 09:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 30 Oct 2018 13:01:25 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 31 Oct 2018 09:02:03 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/445318/when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Marijuana, it seems, is not a performance-enhancing drug. That is, at least, not among young people, and not when the activity is learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2018/v79/17m11977.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published Tuesday\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Journal of Clinical Psychiatry \u003c/em>finds that when adolescents stop using marijuana — even for just one week — their verbal learning and memory improve. The study contributes to growing\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> evidence that marijuana use in adolescents\u003c/a> is associated with reduced neurocognitive functioning.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 14 percent of students in middle school and high school reported using marijuana within the past month, finds a \u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Institutes of Health survey\u003c/a> conducted in 2017. And marijuana use has increased among high-schoolers over the past 10 years, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/substance-use/marijuana/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Department of Health & Human Services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the percentage of teens who believe that regular marijuana use poses a great risk to their health has\u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-vol2_2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> dropped sharply since the mid-2000s\u003c/a>. And legalization of marijuana may play a part in shaping how young people think about the drug. One study noted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5365078/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after 2012, when marijuana was legalized\u003c/a> in Washington state, the number of eighth-graders there that believed marijuana posed risks to their health dropped by 14 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are particularly concerned with marijuana use among the young because THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, most sharply affects the parts of the brain that develop during adolescence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The adolescent brain is undergoing significant neurodevelopment well into the 20s, and the regions that are last to develop are those regions that are most populated by cannabis receptors and are also very critical to cognitive functioning,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mghaddictionmedicine.com/about/staff/randi-schuster-ph-d/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Randi Schuster\u003c/a>. Schuster is the director of neuropsychology at Massachusetts General Hospital's Center for Addiction Medicine and the study's lead author.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schuster and the team of researchers set out to determine if cognitive functions that are potentially harmed by marijuana use in adolescents — particularly attention and memory — improve when they abstain from marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They recruited 88 pot-using teens and young adults, ages 16 to 25, and got some of them to agree to stop smoking (or otherwise consuming) marijuana for the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schuster says the researchers wanted to recruit a range of participants, not just heavy users or those in a treatment program, for example. Some of the young people smoked once per week; some smoked nearly daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers randomly assigned the volunteers into an abstaining group and a nonabstaining group. They delivered the bad news to those chosen to be abstainers at the end of their first visit, and Schuster says, they took it surprisingly well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People were generally fine,\" she says. \"We kind of went through what the next month would look like and helped them come up with strategies for staying abstinent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One motivation for the non-tokers to stick with the program? They received increasing amounts of money each week of the month-long study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers urine-tested both groups on a weekly basis to make sure that the THC levels for the abstinent group were going down, and that the levels for the control group were staying consistent as they continued using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at each visit, the participants completed a variety of tasks testing their attention and memory through the\u003ca href=\"http://www.cambridgecognition.com/cantab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery\u003c/a>, a validated cognitive assessment tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that after four weeks, there was no noticeable difference in attention scores between the marijuana users and the nonusers. But, the memory scores of the nonusers improved, whereas the users' memories mostly stayed the same.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The verbal memory test challenged participants to learn and recall new words, which \"lets us look both at their ability to learn information the first time the words were presented, as well as the number of words that they're able to retrieve from long-term memory storage after a delay,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verbal memory is particularly relevant for adolescents and young adults when they're in the classroom, Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For an adolescent sitting in their history class learning new facts for the first time, we're suspecting that active cannabis users might have a difficult time putting that new information into their long-term memory,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this study didn't prove that abstaining from cannabis improves adolescents' attention, other studies have found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marijuana users fare worse in attention tests\u003c/a> than nonusers. Schuster hypothesizes it might take more than four weeks of abstinence for attention levels to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, most of the memory improvement for the abstinent group happened during the first week of the study, which leaves the researchers feeling hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were pleasantly surprised to see that at least some of the deficits that we think may be caused by cannabis appear to be reversible, and at least some of them are quickly reversible, which is good news,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One weakness of this study is its lack of a non-marijuana-using control group, says \u003ca href=\"https://uwm.edu/psychology/people/lisdahl-krista-m/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krista Lisdahl\u003c/a>, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee who was not involved with the study but also researches the neuroscience of addiction. Because of this, it's difficult to conclude whether the improvements in memory brought the participants back to their baseline levels prior to using marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, because the study lasted only four weeks, it's impossible to draw conclusions about the long-term effects of marijuana usage for young people, such as how marijuana directly affects academic performance, sleep patterns or mood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisdahl says that longitudinal studies such as the NIH's\u003ca href=\"https://abcdstudy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study\u003c/a> could provide more information about what marijuana does to the adolescent brain. It might also reveal what happens if adolescents stop using marijuana and if their brain functioning can completely recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisdahl is helping with the NIH study, which has, to date, enrolled more than 11,000 children ages 9 and 10 and will follow them into young adulthood. It's the largest long-term research study on child brain development in the U.S., and it assesses how everything from screen time to concussions to drugs affect adolescents' brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Lisdahl says the findings from the new study — that abstinence from marijuana is associated with improvements in adolescents' learning and memory — sends a positive message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remain optimistic that we can show recovery of function with sustained abstinence,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR's Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Adolescents+Give+Up+Pot%2C+Their+Cognition+Quickly+Improves&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445318/when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445318"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_828","futureofyou_1585","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1041","futureofyou_872"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445319","label":"source_futureofyou_445318"},"futureofyou_445306":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445306","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445306","score":null,"sort":[1540921365000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health","title":"Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health","publishDate":1540921365,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Danielle Vukadinovich is sitting up in a hospital bed at the Inova Women's Hospital in Falls Church, Va., waiting to give birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel good, I'm excited!\" says Vukadinovich, 35, of Annandale, Va., \"Nervous, but good!\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"FEjJfJVXw64VNWTIkBjmTrT87lKdBgJO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich is getting a \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cesareansection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cesarean section\u003c/a> today. It's the second time for her — she underwent the surgical procedure 19 months ago when her twins were born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Danielle wants to try something different, something that might sound strange. As soon as her daughter is born, a doctor will wipe bacteria fluid from Danielle's birth canal all over her baby's body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't told many people about this yet,\" Vukadinovich says, laughing. \"I understand why people would be like, 'Oh my gosh. That's so weird.' But I don't think it's yucky. It's normal. It's natural really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure, known as \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vaginal-seeding/faq-20380881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaginal seeding\u003c/a>,\" is designed to help babies develop healthy microbiomes — the collection of friendly bacteria that inhabit every person's body. Some people call it a \"bacterial baptism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little bit like that baby's first dunk,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/indirectory/clinicaltrials.aspx?design=true&dirId=1&LoadCategory=ITMI&LoadSubCategory=Microbiome&memberID=280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shira Levy\u003c/a>, the microbiome research manager at the Inova hospital. \"That's their first religious experience. You know, they get the water and that changes their spirituality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this case, they get the bacteria and that changes their microbiome,\" Levy says. \"This is their first microbiome experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure was developed in response to the sharp rise in C-section births in recent years. That increase has been accompanied by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/30/444746094/missing-microbes-provide-clues-about-asthma-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more cases of asthma\u003c/a>, allergies, eczema, obesity, and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory is that the rise in these diseases might be happening, in part, because babies aren't getting exposed to their mother's microbes the way they would if they were passing naturally through the birth canal.[contextly_sidebar id=\"0AllfLEduBOKAavkhBROexZnBFbtKljt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that one of the reasons that babies born by C-section are at increased risk for these diseases is because they don't receive that first beneficial exposure to their mother's vaginal microbiome,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/Physician_Directory/Suchitra-K-Hourigan-MD/824530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suchitra Hourigan\u003c/a>, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Inova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One very small study \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/01/464905786/researchers-test-microbe-wipe-to-promote-babies-health-after-c-sections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicated \u003c/a>that swabbing C-section babies with their mother's microbes immediately after birth could make their microbiomes develop more like those of babies born vaginally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the appeal of vaginal seeding has outpaced evidence that it is safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some couples have started trying vaginal seeding on their own. Vukadinovich jokes that she considered doing it herself. After all, she says, she's a nurse and her husband is a high school biology teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I even told my mom: 'Nobody has to know. My husband would help me out,' \" she says, laughing. \"But I try not to take unnecessary risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich knows the procedure could be risky. Babies could be inadvertently exposed to disease-causing microbes, such as herpes virus or streptococcus bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, medical groups such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Vaginal-Seeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warn\u003c/a> women against doing this. \"While there are data to suggest that there may be some scientific plausibility to the concept, it is not without significant risks,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/experts/preview/578561302cfac209100154a4/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neil Silverman\u003c/a>, a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the UCLA School of Medicine, who represents ACOG. The group notes that mothers also transfer microbes to their newborns through skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Vukadinovich was thrilled when she found out she could be part of the first \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298334?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> the Food and Drug Administration is allowing to rigorously test whether the procedure is safe and helps improve babies' health.[contextly_sidebar id=\"kMHzgUs0dutTuVHV7G0EJpefrLt2hB8h\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who knows what's going to happen with the results? But if it does show something positive, I just think that would be great for kids and parents,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan, who's helping lead the study, agrees. \"Just to be able to reduce one risk factor for obesity, especially when there are such high [C-section rates] in the U.S., would be huge,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, half of the babies will get swabbed with their mother's microbes; half will get swabbed with a sterile solution. All of the mothers will be carefully screened for dangerous infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the babies will then be followed for three years to see if they become obese or develop other health problems. A \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03567707?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar study\u003c/a> is starting at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich agreed to let an NPR reporter and photographer observe her baby's birth and the swabbing. It's the first time journalists have been allowed to watch a baby go through the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evelyn Marie is Born\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nurses wheel Vukadinovich into the operating room, Hourigan, Levy and Dr. Varsha Deopujari follow. Deopujari, the study's clinical manager, will do the actual swabbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the OR, everyone quickly takes their places. As the surgeon starts, Hourigan explains what's happening. It goes very fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An incision is being made into mom, and they are getting ready to take out the baby,\" Hourigan says. \"They can see the head. And the head is now coming out of the C-section incision. Baby's head is out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less than a minute after the surgery starts, the baby girl is completely out. A nurse rushes the newborn to a nearby table to clear her breathing. After the baby is breathing smoothly, Deopujari starts swabbing with a gauze pad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, she swabs the baby's mouth, cheeks and face. After turning the gauze over to expose more bacteria, Deopujari wipes the baby's hands and arms. Next, she wipes down her chest, goes over her abdomen, up the other arm and then over her back.[contextly_sidebar id=\"umm131VoK2OKqBWygztDrKkMjOgsaGeH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the swabbing is now over,\" Hourigan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deopujari hands the baby back to a nurse. Hourigan and her team quickly head out of the OR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That went perfectly,\" she says. \"Baby came out and was crying. We waited until baby was stable, and the swabbing went just as planned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan and her colleagues will swab 50 babies to make sure their procedure is safe. If it is, they plan to expand the study to 800 babies, who would randomly receive either the bacterial swab or a placebo, throughout the Inova hospital system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results could prove important. \"We need more data and we need better data,\" says Silverman, of ACOG. \"If it shows that there is a clear benefit, then this process can be re-evaluated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, Vukadinovich, her husband, Nick, 41, and their new daughter are together in a hospital room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm good — feeling good today,\" she says, cradling her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple doesn't know if their new daughter, who they would later name Evelyn Marie, was exposed to her mother's microbes or a sterile placebo solution. But they have their fingers crossed she was swabbed with bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really hope that she was,\" Vukadinovich says. \"If there's a decreased chance of her having any health issues, that would be awesome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband, Nick, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not terribly religious so we won't baptize with water — holy water,\" Nick says. \"But since we're scientists, we like the idea of a bacterial baptism instead of a holy baptism — because now she's been initiated with bacteria, friendly bacteria, that should protect her down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Test+Bacterial+Smear+After+Cesarean+Sections+To+Bolster+Babies%27+Microbiomes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After a C-section, does swabbing a baby with the mother's microbes reduce the risk of obesity and other health problems later in life? An ambitious study to help answer the question is underway.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540921365,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1252},"headData":{"title":"Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health | KQED","description":"After a C-section, does swabbing a baby with the mother's microbes reduce the risk of obesity and other health problems later in life? An ambitious study to help answer the question is underway.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health","datePublished":"2018-10-30T17:42:45.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-30T17:42:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445306 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445306","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/30/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health/","disqusTitle":"Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Rob Stein, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Mary Mathis/NPR","nprStoryId":"658254175","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=658254175&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/30/658254175/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-cesarean-sections-to-bolster-babies-microbiom?ft=nprml&f=658254175","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 30 Oct 2018 09:58:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 30 Oct 2018 05:03:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 30 Oct 2018 12:45:06 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181030_me_doctors_test_bacterial_smear_after_cesarean_sections_to_bolster_babies_microbiomes.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=421&p=3&story=658254175&ft=nprml&f=658254175","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1662009687-72e5e0.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=421&p=3&story=658254175&ft=nprml&f=658254175","audioTrackLength":422,"path":"/futureofyou/445306/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181030_me_doctors_test_bacterial_smear_after_cesarean_sections_to_bolster_babies_microbiomes.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=421&p=3&story=658254175&ft=nprml&f=658254175","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Danielle Vukadinovich is sitting up in a hospital bed at the Inova Women's Hospital in Falls Church, Va., waiting to give birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel good, I'm excited!\" says Vukadinovich, 35, of Annandale, Va., \"Nervous, but good!\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich is getting a \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cesareansection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cesarean section\u003c/a> today. It's the second time for her — she underwent the surgical procedure 19 months ago when her twins were born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Danielle wants to try something different, something that might sound strange. As soon as her daughter is born, a doctor will wipe bacteria fluid from Danielle's birth canal all over her baby's body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't told many people about this yet,\" Vukadinovich says, laughing. \"I understand why people would be like, 'Oh my gosh. That's so weird.' But I don't think it's yucky. It's normal. It's natural really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure, known as \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vaginal-seeding/faq-20380881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaginal seeding\u003c/a>,\" is designed to help babies develop healthy microbiomes — the collection of friendly bacteria that inhabit every person's body. Some people call it a \"bacterial baptism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little bit like that baby's first dunk,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/indirectory/clinicaltrials.aspx?design=true&dirId=1&LoadCategory=ITMI&LoadSubCategory=Microbiome&memberID=280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shira Levy\u003c/a>, the microbiome research manager at the Inova hospital. \"That's their first religious experience. You know, they get the water and that changes their spirituality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this case, they get the bacteria and that changes their microbiome,\" Levy says. \"This is their first microbiome experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure was developed in response to the sharp rise in C-section births in recent years. That increase has been accompanied by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/30/444746094/missing-microbes-provide-clues-about-asthma-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more cases of asthma\u003c/a>, allergies, eczema, obesity, and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory is that the rise in these diseases might be happening, in part, because babies aren't getting exposed to their mother's microbes the way they would if they were passing naturally through the birth canal.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that one of the reasons that babies born by C-section are at increased risk for these diseases is because they don't receive that first beneficial exposure to their mother's vaginal microbiome,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/Physician_Directory/Suchitra-K-Hourigan-MD/824530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suchitra Hourigan\u003c/a>, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Inova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One very small study \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/01/464905786/researchers-test-microbe-wipe-to-promote-babies-health-after-c-sections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicated \u003c/a>that swabbing C-section babies with their mother's microbes immediately after birth could make their microbiomes develop more like those of babies born vaginally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the appeal of vaginal seeding has outpaced evidence that it is safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some couples have started trying vaginal seeding on their own. Vukadinovich jokes that she considered doing it herself. After all, she says, she's a nurse and her husband is a high school biology teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I even told my mom: 'Nobody has to know. My husband would help me out,' \" she says, laughing. \"But I try not to take unnecessary risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich knows the procedure could be risky. Babies could be inadvertently exposed to disease-causing microbes, such as herpes virus or streptococcus bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, medical groups such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Vaginal-Seeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warn\u003c/a> women against doing this. \"While there are data to suggest that there may be some scientific plausibility to the concept, it is not without significant risks,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/experts/preview/578561302cfac209100154a4/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neil Silverman\u003c/a>, a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the UCLA School of Medicine, who represents ACOG. The group notes that mothers also transfer microbes to their newborns through skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Vukadinovich was thrilled when she found out she could be part of the first \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298334?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> the Food and Drug Administration is allowing to rigorously test whether the procedure is safe and helps improve babies' health.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who knows what's going to happen with the results? But if it does show something positive, I just think that would be great for kids and parents,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan, who's helping lead the study, agrees. \"Just to be able to reduce one risk factor for obesity, especially when there are such high [C-section rates] in the U.S., would be huge,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, half of the babies will get swabbed with their mother's microbes; half will get swabbed with a sterile solution. All of the mothers will be carefully screened for dangerous infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the babies will then be followed for three years to see if they become obese or develop other health problems. A \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03567707?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar study\u003c/a> is starting at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich agreed to let an NPR reporter and photographer observe her baby's birth and the swabbing. It's the first time journalists have been allowed to watch a baby go through the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evelyn Marie is Born\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nurses wheel Vukadinovich into the operating room, Hourigan, Levy and Dr. Varsha Deopujari follow. Deopujari, the study's clinical manager, will do the actual swabbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the OR, everyone quickly takes their places. As the surgeon starts, Hourigan explains what's happening. It goes very fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An incision is being made into mom, and they are getting ready to take out the baby,\" Hourigan says. \"They can see the head. And the head is now coming out of the C-section incision. Baby's head is out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less than a minute after the surgery starts, the baby girl is completely out. A nurse rushes the newborn to a nearby table to clear her breathing. After the baby is breathing smoothly, Deopujari starts swabbing with a gauze pad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, she swabs the baby's mouth, cheeks and face. After turning the gauze over to expose more bacteria, Deopujari wipes the baby's hands and arms. Next, she wipes down her chest, goes over her abdomen, up the other arm and then over her back.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the swabbing is now over,\" Hourigan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deopujari hands the baby back to a nurse. Hourigan and her team quickly head out of the OR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That went perfectly,\" she says. \"Baby came out and was crying. We waited until baby was stable, and the swabbing went just as planned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan and her colleagues will swab 50 babies to make sure their procedure is safe. If it is, they plan to expand the study to 800 babies, who would randomly receive either the bacterial swab or a placebo, throughout the Inova hospital system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results could prove important. \"We need more data and we need better data,\" says Silverman, of ACOG. \"If it shows that there is a clear benefit, then this process can be re-evaluated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, Vukadinovich, her husband, Nick, 41, and their new daughter are together in a hospital room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm good — feeling good today,\" she says, cradling her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple doesn't know if their new daughter, who they would later name Evelyn Marie, was exposed to her mother's microbes or a sterile placebo solution. But they have their fingers crossed she was swabbed with bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really hope that she was,\" Vukadinovich says. \"If there's a decreased chance of her having any health issues, that would be awesome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband, Nick, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not terribly religious so we won't baptize with water — holy water,\" Nick says. \"But since we're scientists, we like the idea of a bacterial baptism instead of a holy baptism — because now she's been initiated with bacteria, friendly bacteria, that should protect her down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Test+Bacterial+Smear+After+Cesarean+Sections+To+Bolster+Babies%27+Microbiomes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445306/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445306"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_1635","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_68","futureofyou_520"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1097"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445307","label":"source_futureofyou_445306"},"futureofyou_445140":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445140","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445140","score":null,"sort":[1540234802000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","title":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty","publishDate":1540234802,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Ryan \"China\" \u003ca href=\"https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/personal-stories/becoming-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McCarney\u003c/a> has played sports his entire life, but sometimes he has to force himself to show up on the field to play pick-up soccer with his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm dreading and I'm anticipating the worst. But I do it anyway. And then, it's a euphoric sensation when you're done with it because you end up having a great time,\" says McCarney.[contextly_sidebar id=\"gwsGwJ2iQLGQmBCouKy4FngfBXYfu4CD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarney was just 22 when he had his first panic attack. As a college and professional baseball player, he says getting help was stigmatized. It took him six years to get professional support. He still struggles with depression and social anxiety, but says exercising helps him — especially when it's with his teammates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows exercise can ease things like panic attacks or mood and sleep disorders, and a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(18)30227-X/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in the journal, Lancet Psychiatry, found that popular team sports may have a slight edge over the other forms of physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers analyzed CDC survey data from 1.2 million adults and found — across age, gender, education status and income — people who exercised reported fewer days of bad mental health than those who didn't. And those who played team sports reported the fewest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the study's authors, \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/people/search/adam_chekroud-1.profile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Chekroud\u003c/a>, an assistant adjunct professor at Yale's School of Medicine, thinks team activity could add another layer of relief for sufferers of mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are biological, cognitive and social aspects to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some sports might just be hitting on more of those elements than other sports,\" he says. \"If you just run on a treadmill for example, it's clear that you're getting that biological stimulation. But perhaps there are other elements of depression that you're not going to be tapping into.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"AnfCcZtwcDai9A2ip7Imx0DEvkjj5q1n\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this study only shows an association between group exercise and improved mental health, and can't prove that the one causes the other. But, given what is known about depression in particular, it adds up, says Jack Raglin, a professor in the department of kinesiology in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are depressed often isolate themselves, he says, so exercising in a group setting, \"can help alleviate symptoms and deal with this very pernicious symptom of depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Group exercise or team sports might also have an edge over other forms of exercise because they add an element of accountability, says Raglin. He did a study finding that couples who started an exercise program together had a lower dropout rate than those who started one on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that \"very simple forms of social support can be beneficial,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don't know the exact mechanism that makes exercise elevate mood and decrease anxiety, but there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a body of research\u003c/a> to show that it does work on the short and long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you conceptualize exercise as a pill it means, well it's a rather small pill and easy to take and easy to tolerate,\" says Raglin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One limitation of the \u003cem>Lancet Psychiatry\u003c/em> study is the data is based on patients self-reporting their symptoms. Dr. Antonia Baum, a psychiatrist and the past president of the \u003ca href=\"https://sportspsychiatry.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Society for Sports Psychiatry\u003c/a> says patients don't always give an accurate picture of their mental health. She says the study is an important step in this research field, but the conclusions shouldn't be taken as scientific gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are animals. We are meant to move and if we don't, a lot of systems slow down, including our mood and cognition,\" says Baum. \"So it makes intuitive sense that exercise is beneficial, but it's nice to try to start to wrap our arms around being able to quantify and qualify that in some ways.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"niLzEHeKc0OvTkkSZEOcmbbxguEskHkj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baum says she works with each of her patients to incorporate exercise into their lives. And she says this study will be a good jumping off point for more research on team sports and mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Baum and other researchers say getting someone who is depressed to start exercising is easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all well and good to conclude that exercise whether it's done as a solo or a group pursuit is beneficial, but to get patients to do it is another matter and when you have a depressed patient motivation is often lacking,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chekroud says getting patients in general to stick to any kind of therapy is challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just exercises that people stop doing, they also stop taking medications. They stopped showing up for therapy,\" he says. \"Adherence is a big problem in health care right now,\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the study's findings could lead to more tools to help people reduce the overall burden of mental illness, now the leading contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global burden of disability\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The field is really crying out for things that we can do to help people with mental health issues,\" says Chekroud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For McCarney, team sports have helped him get a handle on his symptoms, he says. Before social gatherings, he often feels claustrophobic and panicked, but when he works through the anxiety and gets onto the field, he says it's always worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just gets you around people which I think is another huge thing when you're trying to maybe break out of a depressive cycle,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>How to Get Started\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For some people, the idea of joining a team or any kind of group fitness activity is terrifying. Here are a few tips for getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find a sports ambassador. \u003c/strong>Raglin recommends finding a \"sports ambassador,\" a friend who can connect you with a group sport or activity. The friend can get you up to speed on the sport and what's expected of you. Team sports may feel like a leap of faith, says Baum. But, she says the rewards are worth it. \"It's like playing in an orchestra — the sum being greater than the parts — truly thrilling when it all comes together,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Match your skill level.\u003c/strong> It's not hard to find amateur sports teams to join, on sites like meetup.com. A lot of workplaces also have team sport activities, but Raglin says you make sure the skill level is right for you. You're more likely to have a good experience and want to go back. \"There is nothing worse than being on a team where the skill or intensity of the players is way above or below your own level or the level of competition you were looking for,\" Raglin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Join a run or bike club.\u003c/strong> If you're not into team games, go to your local run shop or bike shop to find run communities, bike clubs or community rides to join. Raglin recommends the \u003ca href=\"https://november-project.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">November Project\u003c/a>, which is a free fitness program with chapters in major cities around the world that hosts workouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Put money on the line.\u003c/strong> If you really aren't into team activities, Baum says getting a personal trainer or signing up for a gym can \"help add a social element, and that all important accountability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try the obvious thing first.\u003c/strong> Baum says to look at the activities you've done throughout your life and think about which ones worked best for you. She says she sometimes takes her patients running or walking with her for a therapy session to start modeling the types of exercises that could work for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasa Woodruff is a freelance radio reporter and producer based in Los Angeles.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+New+Prescription+For+Depression%3A+Join+A+Team+And+Get+Sweaty&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most people who struggle with depression and anxiety have heard that exercise is a mood-booster. But exercising with friends, especially playing a team sport may help even more.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540229654,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1297},"headData":{"title":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty | KQED","description":"Most people who struggle with depression and anxiety have heard that exercise is a mood-booster. But exercising with friends, especially playing a team sport may help even more.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty","datePublished":"2018-10-22T19:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-22T17:34:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445140 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445140","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/22/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty/","disqusTitle":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Sasa Woodruff, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Maria Fabrizio for NPR","nprStoryId":"656594050","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=656594050&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/22/656594050/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty?ft=nprml&f=656594050","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 07:51:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 04:47:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 05:44:00 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_a_new_prescription_for_depression_join_a_team_and_get_sweaty.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1659416519-5c5312.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","audioTrackLength":216,"path":"/futureofyou/445140/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_a_new_prescription_for_depression_join_a_team_and_get_sweaty.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ryan \"China\" \u003ca href=\"https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/personal-stories/becoming-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McCarney\u003c/a> has played sports his entire life, but sometimes he has to force himself to show up on the field to play pick-up soccer with his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm dreading and I'm anticipating the worst. But I do it anyway. And then, it's a euphoric sensation when you're done with it because you end up having a great time,\" says McCarney.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarney was just 22 when he had his first panic attack. As a college and professional baseball player, he says getting help was stigmatized. It took him six years to get professional support. He still struggles with depression and social anxiety, but says exercising helps him — especially when it's with his teammates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows exercise can ease things like panic attacks or mood and sleep disorders, and a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(18)30227-X/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in the journal, Lancet Psychiatry, found that popular team sports may have a slight edge over the other forms of physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers analyzed CDC survey data from 1.2 million adults and found — across age, gender, education status and income — people who exercised reported fewer days of bad mental health than those who didn't. And those who played team sports reported the fewest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the study's authors, \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/people/search/adam_chekroud-1.profile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Chekroud\u003c/a>, an assistant adjunct professor at Yale's School of Medicine, thinks team activity could add another layer of relief for sufferers of mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are biological, cognitive and social aspects to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some sports might just be hitting on more of those elements than other sports,\" he says. \"If you just run on a treadmill for example, it's clear that you're getting that biological stimulation. But perhaps there are other elements of depression that you're not going to be tapping into.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this study only shows an association between group exercise and improved mental health, and can't prove that the one causes the other. But, given what is known about depression in particular, it adds up, says Jack Raglin, a professor in the department of kinesiology in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are depressed often isolate themselves, he says, so exercising in a group setting, \"can help alleviate symptoms and deal with this very pernicious symptom of depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Group exercise or team sports might also have an edge over other forms of exercise because they add an element of accountability, says Raglin. He did a study finding that couples who started an exercise program together had a lower dropout rate than those who started one on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that \"very simple forms of social support can be beneficial,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don't know the exact mechanism that makes exercise elevate mood and decrease anxiety, but there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a body of research\u003c/a> to show that it does work on the short and long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you conceptualize exercise as a pill it means, well it's a rather small pill and easy to take and easy to tolerate,\" says Raglin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One limitation of the \u003cem>Lancet Psychiatry\u003c/em> study is the data is based on patients self-reporting their symptoms. Dr. Antonia Baum, a psychiatrist and the past president of the \u003ca href=\"https://sportspsychiatry.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Society for Sports Psychiatry\u003c/a> says patients don't always give an accurate picture of their mental health. She says the study is an important step in this research field, but the conclusions shouldn't be taken as scientific gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are animals. We are meant to move and if we don't, a lot of systems slow down, including our mood and cognition,\" says Baum. \"So it makes intuitive sense that exercise is beneficial, but it's nice to try to start to wrap our arms around being able to quantify and qualify that in some ways.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baum says she works with each of her patients to incorporate exercise into their lives. And she says this study will be a good jumping off point for more research on team sports and mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Baum and other researchers say getting someone who is depressed to start exercising is easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all well and good to conclude that exercise whether it's done as a solo or a group pursuit is beneficial, but to get patients to do it is another matter and when you have a depressed patient motivation is often lacking,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chekroud says getting patients in general to stick to any kind of therapy is challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just exercises that people stop doing, they also stop taking medications. They stopped showing up for therapy,\" he says. \"Adherence is a big problem in health care right now,\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the study's findings could lead to more tools to help people reduce the overall burden of mental illness, now the leading contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global burden of disability\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The field is really crying out for things that we can do to help people with mental health issues,\" says Chekroud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For McCarney, team sports have helped him get a handle on his symptoms, he says. Before social gatherings, he often feels claustrophobic and panicked, but when he works through the anxiety and gets onto the field, he says it's always worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just gets you around people which I think is another huge thing when you're trying to maybe break out of a depressive cycle,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>How to Get Started\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For some people, the idea of joining a team or any kind of group fitness activity is terrifying. Here are a few tips for getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find a sports ambassador. \u003c/strong>Raglin recommends finding a \"sports ambassador,\" a friend who can connect you with a group sport or activity. The friend can get you up to speed on the sport and what's expected of you. Team sports may feel like a leap of faith, says Baum. But, she says the rewards are worth it. \"It's like playing in an orchestra — the sum being greater than the parts — truly thrilling when it all comes together,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Match your skill level.\u003c/strong> It's not hard to find amateur sports teams to join, on sites like meetup.com. A lot of workplaces also have team sport activities, but Raglin says you make sure the skill level is right for you. You're more likely to have a good experience and want to go back. \"There is nothing worse than being on a team where the skill or intensity of the players is way above or below your own level or the level of competition you were looking for,\" Raglin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Join a run or bike club.\u003c/strong> If you're not into team games, go to your local run shop or bike shop to find run communities, bike clubs or community rides to join. Raglin recommends the \u003ca href=\"https://november-project.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">November Project\u003c/a>, which is a free fitness program with chapters in major cities around the world that hosts workouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Put money on the line.\u003c/strong> If you really aren't into team activities, Baum says getting a personal trainer or signing up for a gym can \"help add a social element, and that all important accountability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try the obvious thing first.\u003c/strong> Baum says to look at the activities you've done throughout your life and think about which ones worked best for you. She says she sometimes takes her patients running or walking with her for a therapy session to start modeling the types of exercises that could work for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasa Woodruff is a freelance radio reporter and producer based in Los Angeles.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+New+Prescription+For+Depression%3A+Join+A+Team+And+Get+Sweaty&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445140/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445140"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_592","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1497"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445141","label":"source_futureofyou_445140"},"futureofyou_445133":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445133","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445133","score":null,"sort":[1540229203000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"want-to-keep-your-brain-sharp-take-care-of-your-eyes-and-ears","title":"Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears","publishDate":1540229203,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>By age 40, about 1 in 10 adults will experience some hearing loss. It happens so slowly and gradually, says audiologist Dina Rollins. \"You don't realize what you're missing.\" And even as it worsens, many people are in denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time someone is convinced they have a hearing problem, age-related memory loss may have already set in. But there's good news. Restoring hearing with hearing aids can help slow down cognitive decline.[contextly_sidebar id=\"6YAV50tRbgqwIJiI86NoTCI17lxry3wy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider these findings: Researchers tracked about 2,000 older adults in the U.S. both before and after they started using hearing aids. The adults were participants in a big, national study called the \u003ca href=\"http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health and Retirement Study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found the rate of cognitive decline was slowed by 75 percent following the adoption of hearing aids,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/asri.maharani.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asri Maharani\u003c/a>, a researcher at the University of Manchester in the division of neuroscience and experimental psychology and an author of the paper. \"It is a surprising result,\" Maharani says. The study was \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.15363\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> this spring in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To assess cognition over time, researchers performed a battery of face-to-face tests with participants. This was done every two years from 1996 to 2014. One test to assess memory required participants to recall a list of 10 words, both immediately after the words were read aloud and then again after the participants had been distracted by other tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We weren't expecting that hearing aid use would eliminate cognitive decline. That's just not going to happen\" because age-related decline is inevitable, explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/piers.dawes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piers Dawes\u003c/a>, an experimental psychologist and another author of the study. \"But the reduction in the rate of change is quite substantial. It's a very intriguing finding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put the findings in context, consider that the slower rate of decline equates to remembering less than one more word on the 10-word recall test. So it's a small but measurable effect. And it adds to the evidence that hearing loss and cognitive decline are strongly linked.[contextly_sidebar id=\"AfcnhascoCNQ0xP8K2IKX6aiTBhqbp6H\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense, says Rollins. Consider what people are getting when their hearing is restored: \"Stimulating your ears stimulates the nerves that stimulate your brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you get hearing aids, \"we're giving your ears back what they're missing, and giving your brain what it needs to make sense of what you're hearing,\" Rollins explains. And this can help you stay more stimulated and socially engaged. Rollins was not involved in the study. She's in practice in Silver Spring, Md.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rollins says people who have hearing loss might decline faster than those with normal hearing due to the loss of social stimulation. \"Social isolation is a huge part of hearing loss, and people will notice their loved ones withdrawing from conversation, or not going to family or social functions like they used to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rollins fits a lot of people with hearing aids, and sometimes they come in only after their loved ones insist on it. \"No one \u003cem>wants \u003c/em>to wear a hearing aid,\" Rollins says. \"Typically, there's convincing that needs to be done.\" There's still a stigma attached to wearing hearing aids. People think: \"I don't want to look old!\" But Rollins says the technology has improved a lot in recent years. And often, hearing aids are a lot less noticeable and are covered up by hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost is another obstacle. With a price tag of $4,500 and upwards for high-end aids, they're not cheap. Less expensive options are available, but insurance plans typically don't cover the full cost. Some plans offer no benefit for hearing aids, and, in general, Medicare \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/11/600895543/can-you-hear-me-now-senate-bill-may-make-the-answer-yes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">does not cover the cost\u003c/a>, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people decide to get fitted with hearing aids, this step can improve quality of life. This is the case with Rollins' patient Lucien Johnson, 92, who was fitted with hearing aids a few weeks back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was tired of screaming,\" his wife, Carrie Johnson, tells us. And it was frustrating for Lucien as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes she thought I was ignoring her,\" Lucien says. But, really, he just didn't hear her speaking.[contextly_sidebar id=\"I4AgglSmwy1bzyUdMoNKByGDxN5TnrXK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnsons say they're communicating better now. Lucien went in to see Rollins for an adjustment recently. \"I need some fine-tuning,\" he told her. \"But so far, so good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another common condition as we age is the deterioration of vision, often because of cataracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New evidence shows that restoring vision by having cataract surgery can also slow cognitive decline. A companion study carried out by the same researchers and \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em> this month evaluated the outcomes of about 2,000 older adults who had cataract surgery. They were all participants in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.elsa-project.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Longitudinal Study of Ageing,\u003c/a> which is carried out similarly to the U.S. Health and Retirement Survey. Participants are given periodic cognitive assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found the rate of cognitive decline was slowed by 50 percent following cataract surgery,\" explains Maharani. As with the outcome in the hearing aid study, restoring good vision can't eliminate cognitive decline, but this study suggests it can significantly slow the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many factors influence healthy aging, including lifestyle habits such as diet and physical activity. But Maharani and her co-authors say it's important to know that steps to correct vision and hearing loss can play into the equation as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Want+To+Keep+Your+Brain+Sharp%3F+Take+Care+Of+Your+Eyes+And+Ears&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Two large studies show that age-related memory loss can be slowed significantly when older people promptly address hearing and vision loss.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540229331,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":923},"headData":{"title":"Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears | KQED","description":"Two large studies show that age-related memory loss can be slowed significantly when older people promptly address hearing and vision loss.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears","datePublished":"2018-10-22T17:26:43.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-22T17:28:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445133 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445133","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/22/want-to-keep-your-brain-sharp-take-care-of-your-eyes-and-ears/","disqusTitle":"Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey, NPR","nprStoryId":"658810909","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=658810909&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/22/658810909/can-t-hear-well-fixing-hearing-loss-can-keep-your-memory-sharper?ft=nprml&f=658810909","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 11:37:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 04:48:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 11:37:19 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_want_to_keep_your_brain_sharp_take_care_of_your_eyes_and_ears.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=206&p=3&story=658810909&ft=nprml&f=658810909","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1659416513-0ba446.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=206&p=3&story=658810909&ft=nprml&f=658810909","audioTrackLength":206,"path":"/futureofyou/445133/want-to-keep-your-brain-sharp-take-care-of-your-eyes-and-ears","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_want_to_keep_your_brain_sharp_take_care_of_your_eyes_and_ears.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=206&p=3&story=658810909&ft=nprml&f=658810909","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By age 40, about 1 in 10 adults will experience some hearing loss. It happens so slowly and gradually, says audiologist Dina Rollins. \"You don't realize what you're missing.\" And even as it worsens, many people are in denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time someone is convinced they have a hearing problem, age-related memory loss may have already set in. But there's good news. Restoring hearing with hearing aids can help slow down cognitive decline.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider these findings: Researchers tracked about 2,000 older adults in the U.S. both before and after they started using hearing aids. The adults were participants in a big, national study called the \u003ca href=\"http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health and Retirement Study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found the rate of cognitive decline was slowed by 75 percent following the adoption of hearing aids,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/asri.maharani.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asri Maharani\u003c/a>, a researcher at the University of Manchester in the division of neuroscience and experimental psychology and an author of the paper. \"It is a surprising result,\" Maharani says. The study was \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.15363\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> this spring in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To assess cognition over time, researchers performed a battery of face-to-face tests with participants. This was done every two years from 1996 to 2014. One test to assess memory required participants to recall a list of 10 words, both immediately after the words were read aloud and then again after the participants had been distracted by other tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We weren't expecting that hearing aid use would eliminate cognitive decline. That's just not going to happen\" because age-related decline is inevitable, explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/piers.dawes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piers Dawes\u003c/a>, an experimental psychologist and another author of the study. \"But the reduction in the rate of change is quite substantial. It's a very intriguing finding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put the findings in context, consider that the slower rate of decline equates to remembering less than one more word on the 10-word recall test. So it's a small but measurable effect. And it adds to the evidence that hearing loss and cognitive decline are strongly linked.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense, says Rollins. Consider what people are getting when their hearing is restored: \"Stimulating your ears stimulates the nerves that stimulate your brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you get hearing aids, \"we're giving your ears back what they're missing, and giving your brain what it needs to make sense of what you're hearing,\" Rollins explains. And this can help you stay more stimulated and socially engaged. Rollins was not involved in the study. She's in practice in Silver Spring, Md.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rollins says people who have hearing loss might decline faster than those with normal hearing due to the loss of social stimulation. \"Social isolation is a huge part of hearing loss, and people will notice their loved ones withdrawing from conversation, or not going to family or social functions like they used to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rollins fits a lot of people with hearing aids, and sometimes they come in only after their loved ones insist on it. \"No one \u003cem>wants \u003c/em>to wear a hearing aid,\" Rollins says. \"Typically, there's convincing that needs to be done.\" There's still a stigma attached to wearing hearing aids. People think: \"I don't want to look old!\" But Rollins says the technology has improved a lot in recent years. And often, hearing aids are a lot less noticeable and are covered up by hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost is another obstacle. With a price tag of $4,500 and upwards for high-end aids, they're not cheap. Less expensive options are available, but insurance plans typically don't cover the full cost. Some plans offer no benefit for hearing aids, and, in general, Medicare \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/11/600895543/can-you-hear-me-now-senate-bill-may-make-the-answer-yes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">does not cover the cost\u003c/a>, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people decide to get fitted with hearing aids, this step can improve quality of life. This is the case with Rollins' patient Lucien Johnson, 92, who was fitted with hearing aids a few weeks back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was tired of screaming,\" his wife, Carrie Johnson, tells us. And it was frustrating for Lucien as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes she thought I was ignoring her,\" Lucien says. But, really, he just didn't hear her speaking.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnsons say they're communicating better now. Lucien went in to see Rollins for an adjustment recently. \"I need some fine-tuning,\" he told her. \"But so far, so good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another common condition as we age is the deterioration of vision, often because of cataracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New evidence shows that restoring vision by having cataract surgery can also slow cognitive decline. A companion study carried out by the same researchers and \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em> this month evaluated the outcomes of about 2,000 older adults who had cataract surgery. They were all participants in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.elsa-project.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Longitudinal Study of Ageing,\u003c/a> which is carried out similarly to the U.S. Health and Retirement Survey. Participants are given periodic cognitive assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found the rate of cognitive decline was slowed by 50 percent following cataract surgery,\" explains Maharani. As with the outcome in the hearing aid study, restoring good vision can't eliminate cognitive decline, but this study suggests it can significantly slow the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many factors influence healthy aging, including lifestyle habits such as diet and physical activity. But Maharani and her co-authors say it's important to know that steps to correct vision and hearing loss can play into the equation as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Want+To+Keep+Your+Brain+Sharp%3F+Take+Care+Of+Your+Eyes+And+Ears&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445133/want-to-keep-your-brain-sharp-take-care-of-your-eyes-and-ears","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445133"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_56","futureofyou_1023","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_398","futureofyou_1632"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445136","label":"source_futureofyou_445133"},"futureofyou_445076":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445076","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445076","score":null,"sort":[1539968992000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-youth-are-failing-to-recognize-dangers-of-juul-e-cigarettes","title":"California Youth Are Failing to Recognize Dangers of Juul E-Cigarettes","publishDate":1539968992,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Young adults and teens who smoke Juul brand e-cigarettes are blissfully unaware of the health risks associated with the popular vape kit, according to a new study out of Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger users fail to recognize the addictive potential of Juul e-cigarettes, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2707425\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> study published Friday\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>JAMA Network Open.[contextly_sidebar id=\"EK9hFqM2yZUTzSOgfHFT52apU2Vgh1xK\"]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers said they found a \"worrisome disconnect\" between teens’ perceptions of their Juul use and actual addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's troubling since adolescents who use Juul e-cigarettes do so on a more regular basis than adolescents who use other forms of e-cigarettes, according to the study’s senior author and Stanford \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/adolescent/research/Research.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professor Bonnie Halpern-Felsher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Juul said, \"We agree that underage use of JUUL is completely unacceptable and it is directly opposed to our mission of eliminating cigarettes by offering existing adult smokers a true alternative to combustible cigarettes. We stand committed to working with those who want to keep nicotine products out of the hands of young people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing Up With E-Cigs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first phase of the study, researchers interviewed more than 700 students in ninth and 12th grade in 2014 and 2015. Follow-up questionnaires were completed by 445 of the participants, who were by then in the 12th grade or a few years out of high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants who used e-cigarettes also completed a separate questionnaire assessing their degree of nicotine dependence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of all participants said they had heard of Juul, while about 16 percent said they had used it. Other e-cigarette brands were used by about 30 percent of participants, while conventional cigarettes were smoked by about 24 percent of participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-thirds of users reported using more than one type of product. Among those who had tried Juul, nearly 60 percent reported that they had used the product within the last 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, participants who had tried other e-cigarette brands or conventional cigarettes, about 30 percent and 28 percent respectively, reported use within the last 30 days — a striking difference between Juul users and users of other tobacco products.[contextly_sidebar id=\"o8Fym2tNlF7cBkD0KG2bbPnUmKXrgLdI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also found that younger users were showing signs of addiction but not reporting it. In other words, there was a disconnect between what they were actually experiencing and their perception of the product's addiction potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halpern-Felsher says the findings raise serious concerns about higher rates of addiction among Juul users. Especially since users expressed the view that Juul e-cigarettes are less harmful or addictive than the other products mentioned in the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul e-cigarettes account for two-thirds of the nation's e-cigarette market. They contain more nicotine than competing brands of e-cigarettes, according to the study. Nicotine \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/tobacco/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been\u003c/a> linked to cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not clear on the package how much nicotine is in there and how harmful nicotine can be,\" says Halpern-Felsher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The label says it contains five percent nicotine, but to a young person that may not seem like much, according to Halpern-Felsher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that Juul products contain 59 mg of nicotine per milliliter, which is comparable to about a pack-and-a-half to two packs of cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other forms of e-cigarettes have anywhere between 0 to around 36 mg per milliliter.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yBQAN1uArOrCWBWhXStG5szdMxIJkw7D\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarette use in adolescents is particularly alarming since nicotine can change the brain of an adolescent, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560573/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">making it easier\u003c/a> for the user to be calm while addicted to that substance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Halpern-Felsher says there's a higher possibility of addiction during adolescence than if the user had started using the product as an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Public Perception\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers blame marketing and advertisements for the gap between reality and public perception among younger users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul has come under sharp criticism for designing e-cigarettes that appeal to the youth market. Their products use flavored nicotine-containing liquids, such as cool mint and dessert flavors, that are inhaled from colorful pods resembling USB flash drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/PublicHealthEducation/PublicEducationCampaigns/TheRealCostCampaign/ucm620783.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently launched a\u003c/a> campaign to warn youths about the health risks and to stop Juul sales to young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halpern-Felsher says that youth are more likely to use tobacco products that come in flavors. She notes that only one of the participants in the study used the plain tobacco flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study emphasizes the need for better public-health campaigns highlighting the health risks of e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juul users aren't aware of the amount of nicotine in the product,\" says Halpern-Felsher. \"We really need to have a discussion about the amount of nicotine in these products. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also recommends increased regulation of e-cigarette flavors and how they are advertised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juul needs to report more accurately and in plain English,\" she says. \"And in a way that everybody understands how much nicotine is in there.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"U.S. youth are failing to appreciate the addiction potential of the e-cigarette, according to a new Stanford study. The way the products are marketed are partly to blame.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539990484,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":829},"headData":{"title":"California Youth Are Failing to Recognize Dangers of Juul E-Cigarettes | KQED","description":"U.S. youth are failing to appreciate the addiction potential of the e-cigarette, according to a new Stanford study. The way the products are marketed are partly to blame.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Youth Are Failing to Recognize Dangers of Juul E-Cigarettes","datePublished":"2018-10-19T17:09:52.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-19T23:08:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445076 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445076","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/19/california-youth-are-failing-to-recognize-dangers-of-juul-e-cigarettes/","disqusTitle":"California Youth Are Failing to Recognize Dangers of Juul E-Cigarettes","source":"Health","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2018/10/KlivansJuulAddiction.mp3","nprByline":"Laura Klivans and Amel Ahmed","path":"/futureofyou/445076/california-youth-are-failing-to-recognize-dangers-of-juul-e-cigarettes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Young adults and teens who smoke Juul brand e-cigarettes are blissfully unaware of the health risks associated with the popular vape kit, according to a new study out of Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger users fail to recognize the addictive potential of Juul e-cigarettes, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2707425\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> study published Friday\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>JAMA Network Open.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers said they found a \"worrisome disconnect\" between teens’ perceptions of their Juul use and actual addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's troubling since adolescents who use Juul e-cigarettes do so on a more regular basis than adolescents who use other forms of e-cigarettes, according to the study’s senior author and Stanford \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/adolescent/research/Research.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professor Bonnie Halpern-Felsher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Juul said, \"We agree that underage use of JUUL is completely unacceptable and it is directly opposed to our mission of eliminating cigarettes by offering existing adult smokers a true alternative to combustible cigarettes. We stand committed to working with those who want to keep nicotine products out of the hands of young people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing Up With E-Cigs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first phase of the study, researchers interviewed more than 700 students in ninth and 12th grade in 2014 and 2015. Follow-up questionnaires were completed by 445 of the participants, who were by then in the 12th grade or a few years out of high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants who used e-cigarettes also completed a separate questionnaire assessing their degree of nicotine dependence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of all participants said they had heard of Juul, while about 16 percent said they had used it. Other e-cigarette brands were used by about 30 percent of participants, while conventional cigarettes were smoked by about 24 percent of participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-thirds of users reported using more than one type of product. Among those who had tried Juul, nearly 60 percent reported that they had used the product within the last 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, participants who had tried other e-cigarette brands or conventional cigarettes, about 30 percent and 28 percent respectively, reported use within the last 30 days — a striking difference between Juul users and users of other tobacco products.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also found that younger users were showing signs of addiction but not reporting it. In other words, there was a disconnect between what they were actually experiencing and their perception of the product's addiction potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halpern-Felsher says the findings raise serious concerns about higher rates of addiction among Juul users. Especially since users expressed the view that Juul e-cigarettes are less harmful or addictive than the other products mentioned in the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul e-cigarettes account for two-thirds of the nation's e-cigarette market. They contain more nicotine than competing brands of e-cigarettes, according to the study. Nicotine \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/tobacco/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been\u003c/a> linked to cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not clear on the package how much nicotine is in there and how harmful nicotine can be,\" says Halpern-Felsher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The label says it contains five percent nicotine, but to a young person that may not seem like much, according to Halpern-Felsher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that Juul products contain 59 mg of nicotine per milliliter, which is comparable to about a pack-and-a-half to two packs of cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other forms of e-cigarettes have anywhere between 0 to around 36 mg per milliliter.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarette use in adolescents is particularly alarming since nicotine can change the brain of an adolescent, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560573/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">making it easier\u003c/a> for the user to be calm while addicted to that substance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Halpern-Felsher says there's a higher possibility of addiction during adolescence than if the user had started using the product as an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Public Perception\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers blame marketing and advertisements for the gap between reality and public perception among younger users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul has come under sharp criticism for designing e-cigarettes that appeal to the youth market. Their products use flavored nicotine-containing liquids, such as cool mint and dessert flavors, that are inhaled from colorful pods resembling USB flash drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/PublicHealthEducation/PublicEducationCampaigns/TheRealCostCampaign/ucm620783.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently launched a\u003c/a> campaign to warn youths about the health risks and to stop Juul sales to young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halpern-Felsher says that youth are more likely to use tobacco products that come in flavors. She notes that only one of the participants in the study used the plain tobacco flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study emphasizes the need for better public-health campaigns highlighting the health risks of e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juul users aren't aware of the amount of nicotine in the product,\" says Halpern-Felsher. \"We really need to have a discussion about the amount of nicotine in these products. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also recommends increased regulation of e-cigarette flavors and how they are advertised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juul needs to report more accurately and in plain English,\" she says. \"And in a way that everybody understands how much nicotine is in there.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445076/california-youth-are-failing-to-recognize-dangers-of-juul-e-cigarettes","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445076"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1479","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1138","futureofyou_1478","futureofyou_1434"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445087","label":"source_futureofyou_445076"},"futureofyou_445095":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445095","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445095","score":null,"sort":[1539966226000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"open-those-blinds-sunlight-helps-kill-indoor-bacteria","title":"Open Those Blinds: Sunlight Helps Kill Indoor Bacteria","publishDate":1539966226,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Even before Florence Nightingale advised that hospitals be designed to let daylight in, people observed that sunshine helps keep you healthy. But there was not much research to explain why that's the case, especially inside buildings.[contextly_sidebar id=\"IjvS3scrk3CCEGum7zZ7aa5YWo6TitWh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Oregon set up a study of dusty, dollhouse-size rooms to compare what happens in rooms exposed to daylight through regular glass, rooms exposed to only ultraviolet light and those kept dark. They used a mix of dust collected from actual homes in the Portland area and let the miniature rooms sit outdoors while keeping the insides at a normal room temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 90 days (because that's how long dust can hang around, even if you vacuumed), they sampled the dust and analyzed the types of bacteria present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they found surprised them and confirmed what your grandmother already knew: Rooms exposed to daylight have fewer germs. In fact, the study showed that the lit rooms had about half the viable bacteria (those that are able to grow), compared with dark rooms. Rooms that were exposed only to UV light had just slightly less viable bacteria than ones exposed to daylight. Their research was \u003ca href=\"https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-018-0559-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Microbiome.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since we spend \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/what-your-dust-says-about-you\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">so much time indoors\u003c/a>, the new research could give insights into the relationship between air quality and light. \"I think it's a novel study because they looked at the effect of visible light, and they were also looking at real bacterial communities and real household dust,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.cee.vt.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linsey Marr\u003c/a>, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Virginia Tech who specializes in indoor air quality and was not involved with this study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study's lead author,\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashkaan_Fahimipour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Ashkaan Fahimipour\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oregon's Biology and the Built Environment Center, says he was surprised that the visible light and the UV light performed so similarly to keep bacteria down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked at both types of light because UV is known to be a good disinfectant and is used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/27/632393234/which-water-is-best-for-health-hint-dont-discount-the-tap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clean drinking water\u003c/a>. Yet typical window glass filters out most UV light.[contextly_sidebar id=\"4QgoB7NXdj3QdtESGYlnpqlI9RBpqxdt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another surprising thing was the amount of microbes that were viable in dust. Earlier studies didn't suggest it would be as much, says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://archenvironment.uoregon.edu/architecture/kevin-van-den-wymelenberg\">Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg\u003c/a>, co-director of the Biology and the Built Environment Center at the University of Oregon. That's because \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1814/20151139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indoor dust\u003c/a> is like a desert — it's too dry for most bacteria or other things to grow. This study found 12 percent of bacteria in dark rooms were viable compared to 6.8 percent in rooms with daylight and 6.1 percent in rooms exposed to UV light only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may not sound like much, \"6 percent of millions of cells is still a lot of microbes,\" Van Den Wymelenberg says. \"Until now, daylighting [illuminating a building with natural light] has been about visual comfort or broad health. But now we can say daylighting influences air quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The daylit rooms in the study also had less of the types of bacteria associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104662183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">human skin\u003c/a>, which people shed as they move around indoors, and more closely resembled outdoor bacterial communities. Some of the human-associated bacteria species that didn't survive in the lighted rooms are from a family of bacteria known to cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894335/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respiratory disease\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their future work, the researchers said they'd like to design studies to determine how much light is necessary to kill microbes so architects can begin to design buildings with that in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, researchers have learned from trying to eradicate all germs in hospital and laboratory clean rooms that it's really hard to get rid of microbes wholesale. \"Sanitizing isn't the best approach,\" Fahimipour says. And some microbes are actually good for us, like the ones in yogurt. Someday, he says, \"it may be better to enrich an indoor setting with microbes that are not harmful or even [with those that are] beneficial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kathleen O'Neil is a freelance science writer who lives in the Washington, D.C., area. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Grandma+Was+Right%3A+Sunshine+Helps+Kill+Germs+Indoors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"All kinds of bacteria live with us indoors, and some can make us sick. A new study shows that rooms exposed to light had about half the live bacteria found in rooms that were kept in darkness.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539966391,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":702},"headData":{"title":"Open Those Blinds: Sunlight Helps Kill Indoor Bacteria | KQED","description":"All kinds of bacteria live with us indoors, and some can make us sick. A new study shows that rooms exposed to light had about half the live bacteria found in rooms that were kept in darkness.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Open Those Blinds: Sunlight Helps Kill Indoor Bacteria","datePublished":"2018-10-19T16:23:46.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-19T16:26:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445095 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445095","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/19/open-those-blinds-sunlight-helps-kill-indoor-bacteria/","disqusTitle":"Open Those Blinds: Sunlight Helps Kill Indoor Bacteria","source":"DIY Health","nprImageCredit":"Dave G Kelly","nprByline":"Kathleen O'Neil, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"658335490","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=658335490&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/18/658335490/grandma-was-right-sunshine-helps-kill-germs-indoors?ft=nprml&f=658335490","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 19 Oct 2018 00:51:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 18 Oct 2018 10:51:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 19 Oct 2018 00:51:25 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/445095/open-those-blinds-sunlight-helps-kill-indoor-bacteria","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even before Florence Nightingale advised that hospitals be designed to let daylight in, people observed that sunshine helps keep you healthy. But there was not much research to explain why that's the case, especially inside buildings.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Oregon set up a study of dusty, dollhouse-size rooms to compare what happens in rooms exposed to daylight through regular glass, rooms exposed to only ultraviolet light and those kept dark. They used a mix of dust collected from actual homes in the Portland area and let the miniature rooms sit outdoors while keeping the insides at a normal room temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 90 days (because that's how long dust can hang around, even if you vacuumed), they sampled the dust and analyzed the types of bacteria present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they found surprised them and confirmed what your grandmother already knew: Rooms exposed to daylight have fewer germs. In fact, the study showed that the lit rooms had about half the viable bacteria (those that are able to grow), compared with dark rooms. Rooms that were exposed only to UV light had just slightly less viable bacteria than ones exposed to daylight. Their research was \u003ca href=\"https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-018-0559-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Microbiome.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since we spend \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/what-your-dust-says-about-you\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">so much time indoors\u003c/a>, the new research could give insights into the relationship between air quality and light. \"I think it's a novel study because they looked at the effect of visible light, and they were also looking at real bacterial communities and real household dust,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.cee.vt.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linsey Marr\u003c/a>, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Virginia Tech who specializes in indoor air quality and was not involved with this study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study's lead author,\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashkaan_Fahimipour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Ashkaan Fahimipour\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oregon's Biology and the Built Environment Center, says he was surprised that the visible light and the UV light performed so similarly to keep bacteria down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked at both types of light because UV is known to be a good disinfectant and is used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/27/632393234/which-water-is-best-for-health-hint-dont-discount-the-tap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clean drinking water\u003c/a>. Yet typical window glass filters out most UV light.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another surprising thing was the amount of microbes that were viable in dust. Earlier studies didn't suggest it would be as much, says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://archenvironment.uoregon.edu/architecture/kevin-van-den-wymelenberg\">Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg\u003c/a>, co-director of the Biology and the Built Environment Center at the University of Oregon. That's because \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1814/20151139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indoor dust\u003c/a> is like a desert — it's too dry for most bacteria or other things to grow. This study found 12 percent of bacteria in dark rooms were viable compared to 6.8 percent in rooms with daylight and 6.1 percent in rooms exposed to UV light only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may not sound like much, \"6 percent of millions of cells is still a lot of microbes,\" Van Den Wymelenberg says. \"Until now, daylighting [illuminating a building with natural light] has been about visual comfort or broad health. But now we can say daylighting influences air quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The daylit rooms in the study also had less of the types of bacteria associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104662183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">human skin\u003c/a>, which people shed as they move around indoors, and more closely resembled outdoor bacterial communities. Some of the human-associated bacteria species that didn't survive in the lighted rooms are from a family of bacteria known to cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894335/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respiratory disease\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their future work, the researchers said they'd like to design studies to determine how much light is necessary to kill microbes so architects can begin to design buildings with that in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, researchers have learned from trying to eradicate all germs in hospital and laboratory clean rooms that it's really hard to get rid of microbes wholesale. \"Sanitizing isn't the best approach,\" Fahimipour says. And some microbes are actually good for us, like the ones in yogurt. Someday, he says, \"it may be better to enrich an indoor setting with microbes that are not harmful or even [with those that are] beneficial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kathleen O'Neil is a freelance science writer who lives in the Washington, D.C., area. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Grandma+Was+Right%3A+Sunshine+Helps+Kill+Germs+Indoors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445095/open-those-blinds-sunlight-helps-kill-indoor-bacteria","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445095"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1231","futureofyou_1576","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_690","futureofyou_1631"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445096","label":"source_futureofyou_445095"},"futureofyou_445028":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445028","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445028","score":null,"sort":[1539370848000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"human-retinas-grown-in-a-dish-reveal-origin-of-color-vision","title":"Human Retinas Grown In a Dish Reveal Origin Of Color Vision","publishDate":1539370848,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In order to see the red of a sunset or the green of spring leaves, developing human eyes need to get the right hormone at the right time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the finding of a team of scientists who studied how color vision develops using hundreds of human retinas grown in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery, \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aau6348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, could help accelerate current efforts to cure colorblindness. It could also lead to new treatments for diseases including macular degeneration, the leading cause of vision loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important that we understand how nature controls the development of the retina so we can understand better why things go wrong in disease and how we can treat them,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/smbeck2000/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Steven Becker\u003c/a>, a scientist at the National Eye Institute. The newly published findings are a step in that direction, says Becker, who has no connection to the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The development of color vision in people has been difficult to study because it usually occurs in the womb — and out of sight. But two scientists at Johns Hopkins University thought they might find some answers using retinas grown in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CHvLNjg6nI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinal organoids\u003c/a>\" have been around for a few years but are difficult and tedious to grow, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/kiara-eldred-984b1513/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kiara Eldred\u003c/a>, a graduate student at Hopkins who is the paper's first author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes up to a year to turn a batch of immature retinal cells into a functioning organoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the first week of their life, I take care of them every day,\" Eldred says. After a couple of weeks, she says, the cells become \"a little bit more independent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with luck, these clusters of immature cells develop into a 3D structure that \"looks and acts like a developing retina that you would see in a baby,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://sites.krieger.jhu.edu/johnstonlab/people/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bob Johnston\u003c/a>, Eldred's boss and an assistant professor in the biology department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston's lab had been studying vision in flies. But he and Eldred saw a chance to try something much more ambitious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We discussed this crazy idea of: Could we use these human retinal organoids to study how we get the different color-sensing cells in our eyes?\" Johnston says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using human cells was key because you can't study how humans see color in a fly, or even a mouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mice don't sense red,\" Johnston says. \"They don't have these red-detecting cells. So we really have to study this in human tissue to get any insight into how it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston and Eldred knew that in a human fetus, cells that detect blue light appear first. Then come cells that respond to red and green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And research on animals suggested that the thyroid hormone was involved in the development of these color-sensing cells, called cones. So Johnston had Eldred conduct an experiment with immature retinal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I added thyroid hormone to the dish during their development, and we got more red-green cones developing in those organoids,\" she says. \"We got really excited because we were on to something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would take years and many more experiments to confirm that the thyroid hormone was actually triggering the emergence of color vision. And the team still hasn't figured out what causes some cones to go on to become even more specialized by detecting only red or only green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Johnston says his lab is now preparing to take on two new goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One is to restore color vision to people that are colorblind,\" he says. What his lab is learning, he says, could help speed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/25/395303785/university-and-biotech-firm-team-up-on-colorblindness-therapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">existing effort\u003c/a> to use gene therapy to cure colorblindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab's second goal is to use retinal organoids to better understand diseases including glaucoma and \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">macular degeneration\u003c/a>, a leading cause of vision loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macular degeneration affects the macula, an area of the retina that provides high-resolution vision. The condition has been hard to study, though, because mice don't have a macula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Johnston hopes to learn more by having his lab create macular organoids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's growing optimism among scientists that new treatments for retinal diseases will emerge from such efforts, Becker says. Initially, he says, researchers had doubts about whether a retina grown in a dish could mimic the real thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But studies like this one on color vision, he says, \"show that the similarity is quite high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To encourage scientists to develop more retinal organoids, the National Eye Institute is sponsoring a \u003ca href=\"https://nei.nih.gov/content/nih-solicits-next-generation-retina-organoids-prize-competition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific competition\u003c/a> with $1 million in prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Human+Retinas+Grown+In+A+Dish+Reveal+Origin+Of+Color+Vision&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Our ability to see colors develops in the womb. Now scientists have replicated that process, which could help accelerate efforts to cure colorblindness and lead to new treatments for diseases.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539631049,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":761},"headData":{"title":"Human Retinas Grown In a Dish Reveal Origin Of Color Vision | KQED","description":"Our ability to see colors develops in the womb. Now scientists have replicated that process, which could help accelerate efforts to cure colorblindness and lead to new treatments for diseases.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Human Retinas Grown In a Dish Reveal Origin Of Color Vision","datePublished":"2018-10-12T19:00:48.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-15T19:17:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445028 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445028","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/12/human-retinas-grown-in-a-dish-reveal-origin-of-color-vision/","disqusTitle":"Human Retinas Grown In a Dish Reveal Origin Of Color Vision","source":"Health","nprByline":"Jon Hamilton, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Johns Hopkins University","nprStoryId":"656560767","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=656560767&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/11/656560767/human-retinas-grown-in-a-dish-reveal-origin-of-color-vision?ft=nprml&f=656560767","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 11 Oct 2018 18:53:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 11 Oct 2018 14:01:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 11 Oct 2018 17:56:46 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/10/20181011_atc_human_retinas_grown_in_a_dish_reveal_origin_of_color_vision.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=223&p=2&story=656560767&ft=nprml&f=656560767","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1656682256-4e09f0.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=223&p=2&story=656560767&ft=nprml&f=656560767","audioTrackLength":224,"path":"/futureofyou/445028/human-retinas-grown-in-a-dish-reveal-origin-of-color-vision","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/10/20181011_atc_human_retinas_grown_in_a_dish_reveal_origin_of_color_vision.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=223&p=2&story=656560767&ft=nprml&f=656560767","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In order to see the red of a sunset or the green of spring leaves, developing human eyes need to get the right hormone at the right time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the finding of a team of scientists who studied how color vision develops using hundreds of human retinas grown in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery, \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aau6348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, could help accelerate current efforts to cure colorblindness. It could also lead to new treatments for diseases including macular degeneration, the leading cause of vision loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important that we understand how nature controls the development of the retina so we can understand better why things go wrong in disease and how we can treat them,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/smbeck2000/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Steven Becker\u003c/a>, a scientist at the National Eye Institute. The newly published findings are a step in that direction, says Becker, who has no connection to the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The development of color vision in people has been difficult to study because it usually occurs in the womb — and out of sight. But two scientists at Johns Hopkins University thought they might find some answers using retinas grown in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CHvLNjg6nI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinal organoids\u003c/a>\" have been around for a few years but are difficult and tedious to grow, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/kiara-eldred-984b1513/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kiara Eldred\u003c/a>, a graduate student at Hopkins who is the paper's first author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes up to a year to turn a batch of immature retinal cells into a functioning organoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the first week of their life, I take care of them every day,\" Eldred says. After a couple of weeks, she says, the cells become \"a little bit more independent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with luck, these clusters of immature cells develop into a 3D structure that \"looks and acts like a developing retina that you would see in a baby,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://sites.krieger.jhu.edu/johnstonlab/people/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bob Johnston\u003c/a>, Eldred's boss and an assistant professor in the biology department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston's lab had been studying vision in flies. But he and Eldred saw a chance to try something much more ambitious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We discussed this crazy idea of: Could we use these human retinal organoids to study how we get the different color-sensing cells in our eyes?\" Johnston says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using human cells was key because you can't study how humans see color in a fly, or even a mouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mice don't sense red,\" Johnston says. \"They don't have these red-detecting cells. So we really have to study this in human tissue to get any insight into how it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston and Eldred knew that in a human fetus, cells that detect blue light appear first. Then come cells that respond to red and green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And research on animals suggested that the thyroid hormone was involved in the development of these color-sensing cells, called cones. So Johnston had Eldred conduct an experiment with immature retinal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I added thyroid hormone to the dish during their development, and we got more red-green cones developing in those organoids,\" she says. \"We got really excited because we were on to something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would take years and many more experiments to confirm that the thyroid hormone was actually triggering the emergence of color vision. And the team still hasn't figured out what causes some cones to go on to become even more specialized by detecting only red or only green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Johnston says his lab is now preparing to take on two new goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One is to restore color vision to people that are colorblind,\" he says. What his lab is learning, he says, could help speed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/25/395303785/university-and-biotech-firm-team-up-on-colorblindness-therapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">existing effort\u003c/a> to use gene therapy to cure colorblindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab's second goal is to use retinal organoids to better understand diseases including glaucoma and \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">macular degeneration\u003c/a>, a leading cause of vision loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macular degeneration affects the macula, an area of the retina that provides high-resolution vision. The condition has been hard to study, though, because mice don't have a macula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Johnston hopes to learn more by having his lab create macular organoids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's growing optimism among scientists that new treatments for retinal diseases will emerge from such efforts, Becker says. Initially, he says, researchers had doubts about whether a retina grown in a dish could mimic the real thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But studies like this one on color vision, he says, \"show that the similarity is quite high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To encourage scientists to develop more retinal organoids, the National Eye Institute is sponsoring a \u003ca href=\"https://nei.nih.gov/content/nih-solicits-next-generation-retina-organoids-prize-competition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific competition\u003c/a> with $1 million in prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Human+Retinas+Grown+In+A+Dish+Reveal+Origin+Of+Color+Vision&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445028/human-retinas-grown-in-a-dish-reveal-origin-of-color-vision","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445028"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_141","futureofyou_1625","futureofyou_1626","futureofyou_565"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445029","label":"source_futureofyou_445028"},"futureofyou_445019":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445019","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445019","score":null,"sort":[1539363244000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"easy-dna-identifications-with-genealogy-databases-raise-privacy-concerns","title":"Easy DNA Identifications With Genealogy Databases Raise Privacy Concerns","publishDate":1539363244,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Police in California \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/27/606624218/in-hunt-for-golden-state-killer-investigators-uploaded-his-dna-to-genealogy-site\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">made headlines\u003c/a> this spring when they charged a former police officer with being the Golden State Killer, a man who allegedly committed a series of notorious rapes and murders in the 1970s and '80s.[contextly_sidebar id=\"wnxqjWPunPnkNxirmoKmxB8OyxTBzMuy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities revealed they used DNA from a publicly available genealogy website to crack the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, police around the country have started doing the same sort of thing to solve other cold cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted \u003ca href=\"https://www.myheritage.com/management/yaniv_erlich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yaniv Erlich, \u003c/a>the chief science officer at the Israeli company \u003ca href=\"https://www.myheritage.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyHeritage\u003c/a>, to investigate just how easy it is to use public genealogy databases to track down people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to quantify how powerful this technique is to identify individuals,\" Erlich says. So he and his colleagues analyzed the genomes of 1.28 million people in the company's database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau4832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper \u003c/a>published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, the researchers projected that they could identify third cousins and more closely related relatives in more than 60 percent of people of European descent. (They chose this group because most people in their database have that ancestry.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like each person in this database is a beacon that illuminates hundreds of distant relatives,\" Erlich says. \"So it's enough to have your third cousin or your second cousin once-removed in these databases to actually identify you.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"B44UUm4fmJ0qJhwetu8JjvUYBxbNVQtq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the researchers combined their strategy with other information, such a specific geographic area or the approximate age of a person, they could quickly reduce a list of possibilities to just a few people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, you need the genealogical records. You need to do the work. But you have enough power to to get very close,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's not all. Erlich estimates that as his and other databases grow, investigators will essentially be able to identify anyone in the United States within that ethnic background within a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems that very quickly we can get virtually to nearly everyone,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another part of the study, the researchers went even further to see if they could do the same thing with other DNA databases. They were able to use their techniques to identify a supposedly anonymous woman whose DNA was stored in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/27528684/1000-genomes-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,000 Genomes Project\u003c/a>, a National Institutes of Health research database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This technique doesn't only get you criminals,\" Erlich says. \"You can also use this technique for other purposes — maybe purposes that could be illegitimate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, he says, raises serious questions about privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police currently [are] using these techniques to find ... [murderers] and bad people,\" Erlich says. \"But are we OK with using this technique to identify people in a political demonstration who left their DNA behind? There are many scenarios that you can think about misuse.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"EdtIiFNqDOAH81r6zsse3iX6ZCM6PiDN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some people involved in genealogical forensics defend the use of the techniques to help solves serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was excited to see this demonstration that genetic genealogy is so powerful,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.parabon-nanolabs.com/nanolabs/news-events/2015/10/snapshot-ishi-presentation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ellen Greytak\u003c/a>, director of bioinformatics at \u003ca href=\"https://parabon-nanolabs.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parabon Nanolabs, Inc.\u003c/a>, which helps police solve crimes this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're working on these cases that haven't been able to be solved for decades. They are all either homicide or sexual assault. And some of these are horrific,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Greytak and her colleagues caution that this study suggests the process is easier than it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a number of problematic assumptions made in the study that do not reflect the reality of the work I am doing,\" writes \u003ca href=\"http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/p/about-me.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CeCe Moore\u003c/a>, who works with Parabon, in an e-mail. \"The study demonstrates the power of genetic genealogy in a theoretical way, but does not fully capture the challenges of the work in practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others argue that the findings underscore the need to make sure people know what they're getting into when they provide their genetic information to genealogy services and other databases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you make those decisions to put the genome out in the world it's really hard to dial it back,\" \u003ca href=\"https://its.law.nyu.edu/facultyprofiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=profile.overview&personid=31567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erin Murphy\u003c/a>, a professor at the New York University School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And more importantly,\" she says, \"you've made a decision not just for yourself but for your siblings, for your distant cousins, people you don't even know you're related to, for your children, for your children's children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31180-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper\u003c/a> published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em> found that it could be possible to link ancestry databases to older law enforcement DNA databases, giving police yet another potential tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were trying to pose the question of whether a newer, more modern system of genetic markers could be tested against the old system and still get matches and find relatives,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/noah-rosenberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Noah Rosenberg\u003c/a>, a biology professor at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking these studies together, some bioethicists and legal experts say they show that it's important to take steps to protect genetic information and make sure people providing DNA samples are aware of the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can tell people that we can de-identify their data,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bioethics.nih.gov/people/berkman-bio.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Benjamin Berkman\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at the National Institutes of Health, who was speaking for himself, not NIH. \"We can tell them about all the procedural and technical safeguards that we've put in place to protect the confidentiality of their data. But I don't think we can promise people anonymity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Berkman says, \"it's incumbent on anyone collecting and aggregating and sharing genomic data to be clear exactly how the data will be treated and whether there are any risks to genomic privacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Erlich proposes that all genetic information be encrypted to protect the information and enable people to explicitly provide consent for using their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It sounds geeky and complicated, but it's very simple in practice,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Easy+DNA+Identifications+With+Genealogy+Databases+Raise+Privacy+Concerns&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A majority of Americans of European descent could be linked to third cousins, or closer relatives, using genealogy databases, a study finds. Soon it may be possible to identify nearly everyone by DNA.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539363353,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":989},"headData":{"title":"Easy DNA Identifications With Genealogy Databases Raise Privacy Concerns | KQED","description":"A majority of Americans of European descent could be linked to third cousins, or closer relatives, using genealogy databases, a study finds. Soon it may be possible to identify nearly everyone by DNA.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Easy DNA Identifications With Genealogy Databases Raise Privacy Concerns","datePublished":"2018-10-12T16:54:04.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-12T16:55:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445019 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445019","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/12/easy-dna-identifications-with-genealogy-databases-raise-privacy-concerns/","disqusTitle":"Easy DNA Identifications With Genealogy Databases Raise Privacy Concerns","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Rob Stein, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Randy Pench/Sacramento Bee/TNS via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"656268742","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=656268742&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/11/656268742/easy-dna-identifications-with-genealogy-databases-raise-privacy-concerns?ft=nprml&f=656268742","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 11 Oct 2018 18:53:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 11 Oct 2018 15:58:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 11 Oct 2018 16:51:42 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/10/20181011_atc_easy_dna_identifications_with_genealogy_databases_raise_privacy_concerns.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=251&p=2&story=656268742&ft=nprml&f=656268742","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1656682250-420468.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=251&p=2&story=656268742&ft=nprml&f=656268742","audioTrackLength":251,"path":"/futureofyou/445019/easy-dna-identifications-with-genealogy-databases-raise-privacy-concerns","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/10/20181011_atc_easy_dna_identifications_with_genealogy_databases_raise_privacy_concerns.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=251&p=2&story=656268742&ft=nprml&f=656268742","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Police in California \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/27/606624218/in-hunt-for-golden-state-killer-investigators-uploaded-his-dna-to-genealogy-site\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">made headlines\u003c/a> this spring when they charged a former police officer with being the Golden State Killer, a man who allegedly committed a series of notorious rapes and murders in the 1970s and '80s.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities revealed they used DNA from a publicly available genealogy website to crack the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, police around the country have started doing the same sort of thing to solve other cold cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted \u003ca href=\"https://www.myheritage.com/management/yaniv_erlich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yaniv Erlich, \u003c/a>the chief science officer at the Israeli company \u003ca href=\"https://www.myheritage.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyHeritage\u003c/a>, to investigate just how easy it is to use public genealogy databases to track down people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to quantify how powerful this technique is to identify individuals,\" Erlich says. So he and his colleagues analyzed the genomes of 1.28 million people in the company's database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau4832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper \u003c/a>published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, the researchers projected that they could identify third cousins and more closely related relatives in more than 60 percent of people of European descent. (They chose this group because most people in their database have that ancestry.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like each person in this database is a beacon that illuminates hundreds of distant relatives,\" Erlich says. \"So it's enough to have your third cousin or your second cousin once-removed in these databases to actually identify you.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the researchers combined their strategy with other information, such a specific geographic area or the approximate age of a person, they could quickly reduce a list of possibilities to just a few people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, you need the genealogical records. You need to do the work. But you have enough power to to get very close,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's not all. Erlich estimates that as his and other databases grow, investigators will essentially be able to identify anyone in the United States within that ethnic background within a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems that very quickly we can get virtually to nearly everyone,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another part of the study, the researchers went even further to see if they could do the same thing with other DNA databases. They were able to use their techniques to identify a supposedly anonymous woman whose DNA was stored in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/27528684/1000-genomes-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,000 Genomes Project\u003c/a>, a National Institutes of Health research database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This technique doesn't only get you criminals,\" Erlich says. \"You can also use this technique for other purposes — maybe purposes that could be illegitimate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, he says, raises serious questions about privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police currently [are] using these techniques to find ... [murderers] and bad people,\" Erlich says. \"But are we OK with using this technique to identify people in a political demonstration who left their DNA behind? There are many scenarios that you can think about misuse.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some people involved in genealogical forensics defend the use of the techniques to help solves serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was excited to see this demonstration that genetic genealogy is so powerful,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.parabon-nanolabs.com/nanolabs/news-events/2015/10/snapshot-ishi-presentation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ellen Greytak\u003c/a>, director of bioinformatics at \u003ca href=\"https://parabon-nanolabs.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parabon Nanolabs, Inc.\u003c/a>, which helps police solve crimes this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're working on these cases that haven't been able to be solved for decades. They are all either homicide or sexual assault. And some of these are horrific,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Greytak and her colleagues caution that this study suggests the process is easier than it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a number of problematic assumptions made in the study that do not reflect the reality of the work I am doing,\" writes \u003ca href=\"http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/p/about-me.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CeCe Moore\u003c/a>, who works with Parabon, in an e-mail. \"The study demonstrates the power of genetic genealogy in a theoretical way, but does not fully capture the challenges of the work in practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others argue that the findings underscore the need to make sure people know what they're getting into when they provide their genetic information to genealogy services and other databases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you make those decisions to put the genome out in the world it's really hard to dial it back,\" \u003ca href=\"https://its.law.nyu.edu/facultyprofiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=profile.overview&personid=31567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erin Murphy\u003c/a>, a professor at the New York University School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And more importantly,\" she says, \"you've made a decision not just for yourself but for your siblings, for your distant cousins, people you don't even know you're related to, for your children, for your children's children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31180-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper\u003c/a> published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em> found that it could be possible to link ancestry databases to older law enforcement DNA databases, giving police yet another potential tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were trying to pose the question of whether a newer, more modern system of genetic markers could be tested against the old system and still get matches and find relatives,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/noah-rosenberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Noah Rosenberg\u003c/a>, a biology professor at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking these studies together, some bioethicists and legal experts say they show that it's important to take steps to protect genetic information and make sure people providing DNA samples are aware of the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can tell people that we can de-identify their data,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bioethics.nih.gov/people/berkman-bio.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Benjamin Berkman\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at the National Institutes of Health, who was speaking for himself, not NIH. \"We can tell them about all the procedural and technical safeguards that we've put in place to protect the confidentiality of their data. But I don't think we can promise people anonymity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Berkman says, \"it's incumbent on anyone collecting and aggregating and sharing genomic data to be clear exactly how the data will be treated and whether there are any risks to genomic privacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Erlich proposes that all genetic information be encrypted to protect the information and enable people to explicitly provide consent for using their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It sounds geeky and complicated, but it's very simple in practice,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Easy+DNA+Identifications+With+Genealogy+Databases+Raise+Privacy+Concerns&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445019/easy-dna-identifications-with-genealogy-databases-raise-privacy-concerns","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445019"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_464","futureofyou_17","futureofyou_197"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1094"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445020","label":"source_futureofyou_445019"},"futureofyou_445004":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445004","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445004","score":null,"sort":[1539268353000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"jewelry-laced-with-toxic-metal-showing-up-on-shelves-of-national-retailers","title":"Jewelry Laced With Toxic Metal Showing Up On Shelves of National Retailers","publishDate":1539268353,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Women’s Health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Jewelry with the toxic metal cadmium is showing up on the shelves of national retailers including Ross, Nordstrom Rack and Papaya, according to newly released test results.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ALDsOv55bDFULA2So32zIuna6vUPT8ZY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysis done for the nonprofit Center for Environmental Health revealed some jewelry sold with women’s dresses and shirts was nearly pure cadmium, which can cause cancer and reproductive harm after prolonged exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer advocates were hopeful cadmium had disappeared from the U.S. jewelry market following changes prompted by a 2010 Associated Press investigation that found Chinese manufacturers were using the metal to make kids’ jewelry. States including California outlawed cadmium in children’s jewelry, and testing by the center found the chemical had virtually disappeared from jewelry by 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No laws address cadmium in adult jewelry, however, and last year the center decided to check those products. Lab testing found 31 adult jewelry items purchased from retail stores were at least 40 percent cadmium, and most were more than 90 percent, according to results shared exclusively with the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s law allows no more than 0.03 percent cadmium in children’s jewelry. The precise health risk from the tested jewelry is unclear because researchers did not assess whether small amounts shed when the jewelry is handled and worn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, cadmium accumulates in the body and can damage the kidneys and bones. Most exposure happens by ingesting small amounts or by breathing it, most commonly through tobacco, which can contain cadmium. Researchers also have documented some absorption through skin contact, though the phenomenon is not well-studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Harbut, a practicing doctor who as a university professor has researched cadmium’s cancer-causing properties, noted that contact can trigger skin rashes including psoriasis.[contextly_sidebar id=\"9G8nAOWjWB7rKBq3G09Isa3CXvUagJIr\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cadmium is bad,” said Harbut, who teaches at Michigan State University’s College of Human Medicine. “Given a choice between wearing something with cadmium in it, or wearing something without cadmium in it, I would take the product without cadmium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland-based nonprofit bought all the test samples in the San Francisco Bay Area this year or last. The extent to which contaminated jewelry is in stores elsewhere isn’t clear, though a national retailer would not typically limit a product to just one region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center said the problem should not be underestimated because of the limited market sampling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re the person that buys and is wearing that jewelry, you don’t really care whether it’s a common problem or a rare problem,” said Caroline Cox, senior scientist at the center. “You have a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brent Cleaveland, executive director of the Fashion Jewelry and Accessories Trade Association, said he does not believe the test results suggest a larger problem. Most major retailers have a stringent system for testing and analyzing what they sell, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the tainted items were sold at Ross, which operates more than 1,400 stores in 38 states. One pendant from a necklace chain was 100 percent cadmium, according to the testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, Ross said it is committed to protecting its customers and has “addressed this issue with our supplier.” The retailer would not say whether it pulled suspect jewelry from stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brands found with high cadmium levels in Ross stores include Tacera and Vibe Sportswear.[contextly_sidebar id=\"2hYrwgIWmBjwxEyj6CkS5HFRDE3kS5EJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xinwei Xie, chief executive officer at Trend Textile Inc., which owns Tacera, declined to comment when reached by phone. The Skate Group Inc., which owns Vibe Sportswear, did not respond to multiple requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papaya said it considers cadmium in its products a serious problem. It operates more than 100 retail locations nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Kim, an attorney representing Papaya, said the company has recalled the products where contamination was found and stopped buying from the manufacturer in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our manufacturers are required to represent and warrant that their products are in legal compliance,” Kim said. “Papaya is very strict and stops doing business with any manufacturer which fails to comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordstrom spokeswoman Emily Sterken said the company is “reaching out to these vendors to make them aware of the situation and get more information on these items.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Environmental Health has long used California law to force companies to reduce levels of harmful materials in consumer products, including cadmium and lead in jewelry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the state’s Proposition 65, businesses must inform consumers about significant exposures to chemicals that cause cancer or other reproductive harm. The nonprofit has settled Proposition 65 claims against 36 companies, including Gap Inc. and Target Corp., which agreed to not sell jewelry with more than 0.03 percent cadmium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That limit for children’s jewelry took effect after the AP reported in 2010 that some Chinese jewelry manufacturers were substituting cadmium for lead, the use of which Congress clamped down on following a string of imported-product safety scandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jewelry industry helped write voluntary U.S. standards following the AP investigation, but the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission did not mandate any cadmium limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writer Justin Pritchard contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Analysis has revealed some jewelry sold with women’s dresses and shirts was nearly pure cadmium, which can cause cancer and reproductive harm after prolonged exposure.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539268414,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":877},"headData":{"title":"Jewelry Laced With Toxic Metal Showing Up On Shelves of National Retailers | KQED","description":"Analysis has revealed some jewelry sold with women’s dresses and shirts was nearly pure cadmium, which can cause cancer and reproductive harm after prolonged exposure.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Jewelry Laced With Toxic Metal Showing Up On Shelves of National Retailers","datePublished":"2018-10-11T14:32:33.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-11T14:33:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445004 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445004","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/11/jewelry-laced-with-toxic-metal-showing-up-on-shelves-of-national-retailers/","disqusTitle":"Jewelry Laced With Toxic Metal Showing Up On Shelves of National Retailers","source":"Health","nprByline":"Ariel Tu\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/445004/jewelry-laced-with-toxic-metal-showing-up-on-shelves-of-national-retailers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jewelry with the toxic metal cadmium is showing up on the shelves of national retailers including Ross, Nordstrom Rack and Papaya, according to newly released test results.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysis done for the nonprofit Center for Environmental Health revealed some jewelry sold with women’s dresses and shirts was nearly pure cadmium, which can cause cancer and reproductive harm after prolonged exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer advocates were hopeful cadmium had disappeared from the U.S. jewelry market following changes prompted by a 2010 Associated Press investigation that found Chinese manufacturers were using the metal to make kids’ jewelry. States including California outlawed cadmium in children’s jewelry, and testing by the center found the chemical had virtually disappeared from jewelry by 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No laws address cadmium in adult jewelry, however, and last year the center decided to check those products. Lab testing found 31 adult jewelry items purchased from retail stores were at least 40 percent cadmium, and most were more than 90 percent, according to results shared exclusively with the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s law allows no more than 0.03 percent cadmium in children’s jewelry. The precise health risk from the tested jewelry is unclear because researchers did not assess whether small amounts shed when the jewelry is handled and worn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, cadmium accumulates in the body and can damage the kidneys and bones. Most exposure happens by ingesting small amounts or by breathing it, most commonly through tobacco, which can contain cadmium. Researchers also have documented some absorption through skin contact, though the phenomenon is not well-studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Harbut, a practicing doctor who as a university professor has researched cadmium’s cancer-causing properties, noted that contact can trigger skin rashes including psoriasis.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cadmium is bad,” said Harbut, who teaches at Michigan State University’s College of Human Medicine. “Given a choice between wearing something with cadmium in it, or wearing something without cadmium in it, I would take the product without cadmium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland-based nonprofit bought all the test samples in the San Francisco Bay Area this year or last. The extent to which contaminated jewelry is in stores elsewhere isn’t clear, though a national retailer would not typically limit a product to just one region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center said the problem should not be underestimated because of the limited market sampling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re the person that buys and is wearing that jewelry, you don’t really care whether it’s a common problem or a rare problem,” said Caroline Cox, senior scientist at the center. “You have a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brent Cleaveland, executive director of the Fashion Jewelry and Accessories Trade Association, said he does not believe the test results suggest a larger problem. Most major retailers have a stringent system for testing and analyzing what they sell, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the tainted items were sold at Ross, which operates more than 1,400 stores in 38 states. One pendant from a necklace chain was 100 percent cadmium, according to the testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, Ross said it is committed to protecting its customers and has “addressed this issue with our supplier.” The retailer would not say whether it pulled suspect jewelry from stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brands found with high cadmium levels in Ross stores include Tacera and Vibe Sportswear.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xinwei Xie, chief executive officer at Trend Textile Inc., which owns Tacera, declined to comment when reached by phone. The Skate Group Inc., which owns Vibe Sportswear, did not respond to multiple requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papaya said it considers cadmium in its products a serious problem. It operates more than 100 retail locations nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Kim, an attorney representing Papaya, said the company has recalled the products where contamination was found and stopped buying from the manufacturer in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our manufacturers are required to represent and warrant that their products are in legal compliance,” Kim said. “Papaya is very strict and stops doing business with any manufacturer which fails to comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordstrom spokeswoman Emily Sterken said the company is “reaching out to these vendors to make them aware of the situation and get more information on these items.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Environmental Health has long used California law to force companies to reduce levels of harmful materials in consumer products, including cadmium and lead in jewelry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the state’s Proposition 65, businesses must inform consumers about significant exposures to chemicals that cause cancer or other reproductive harm. The nonprofit has settled Proposition 65 claims against 36 companies, including Gap Inc. and Target Corp., which agreed to not sell jewelry with more than 0.03 percent cadmium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That limit for children’s jewelry took effect after the AP reported in 2010 that some Chinese jewelry manufacturers were substituting cadmium for lead, the use of which Congress clamped down on following a string of imported-product safety scandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jewelry industry helped write voluntary U.S. standards following the AP investigation, but the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission did not mandate any cadmium limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writer Justin Pritchard contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445004/jewelry-laced-with-toxic-metal-showing-up-on-shelves-of-national-retailers","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445004"],"series":["futureofyou_219"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1624","futureofyou_1619","futureofyou_275"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445007","label":"source_futureofyou_445004"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 24, 2024 11:39 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/futureofyou?collection=diy-health":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":122,"items":["futureofyou_445318","futureofyou_445306","futureofyou_445140","futureofyou_445133","futureofyou_445076","futureofyou_445095","futureofyou_445028","futureofyou_445019","futureofyou_445004"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou_1093":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1093","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1093","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DIY Health","slug":"diy-health","taxonomy":"collection","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":1093,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/collection/diy-health"},"source_futureofyou_445318":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445318","meta":{"override":true},"name":"DIY Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_445306":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445306","meta":{"override":true},"name":"DIY Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_445140":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445140","meta":{"override":true},"name":"DIY Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_445133":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445133","meta":{"override":true},"name":"DIY Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_445076":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445076","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_445095":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445095","meta":{"override":true},"name":"DIY Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_445028":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445028","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_445019":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445019","meta":{"override":true},"name":"DIY Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_445004":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445004","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","isLoading":false},"futureofyou_1060":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1060","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1060","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DIY Health","slug":"diy-health","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1060,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/diy-health"},"futureofyou_1":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"KQED Future Of You","slug":"future-of-you","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"},"futureofyou_73":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_73","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"73","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"KQED News","slug":"kqed-news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"KQED News Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":73,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"},"futureofyou_828":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_828","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"828","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"addiction","slug":"addiction","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"addiction Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":828,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/addiction"},"futureofyou_1585":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1585","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1585","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"cognitive","slug":"cognitive","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"cognitive Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1585,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/cognitive"},"futureofyou_61":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_61","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"61","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":61,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/health"},"futureofyou_1041":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1041","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1041","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Marijuana","slug":"marijuana","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Marijuana Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1041,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/marijuana"},"futureofyou_872":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_872","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"872","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teens","slug":"teens","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teens Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":872,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/teens"},"futureofyou_1062":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1062","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1062","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Hope/Hype","slug":"hopehype","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1062,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/hopehype"},"futureofyou_631":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_631","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"631","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"babies","slug":"babies","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"babies Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":631,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/babies"},"futureofyou_1635":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1635","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1635","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"birth","slug":"birth","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"birth Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1635,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/birth"},"futureofyou_68":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_68","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"68","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"microbiome","slug":"microbiome","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"microbiome Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":68,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/microbiome"},"futureofyou_520":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_520","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"520","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"pregnancy","slug":"pregnancy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"pregnancy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":520,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/pregnancy"},"futureofyou_1097":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1097","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1097","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Hope/Hype","slug":"hopehype","taxonomy":"collection","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1097,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/collection/hopehype"},"futureofyou_592":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_592","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"592","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"depression","slug":"depression","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"depression Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":592,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/depression"},"futureofyou_204":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_204","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"204","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"mental health","slug":"mental-health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"mental health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":204,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/mental-health"},"futureofyou_1497":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1497","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1497","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sports","slug":"sports","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sports Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1497,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/sports"},"futureofyou_56":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_56","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"56","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"brain","slug":"brain","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"brain Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":56,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/brain"},"futureofyou_1023":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1023","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1023","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"dementia","slug":"dementia","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"dementia Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1023,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/dementia"},"futureofyou_398":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_398","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"398","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"hearing","slug":"hearing","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"hearing Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":398,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/hearing"},"futureofyou_1632":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1632","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1632","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sight","slug":"sight","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sight Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1632,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/sight"},"futureofyou_1479":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1479","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1479","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"e-cigarettes","slug":"e-cigarettes","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"e-cigarettes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1479,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/e-cigarettes"},"futureofyou_1138":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1138","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1138","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tobacco","slug":"tobacco","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tobacco Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1138,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/tobacco"},"futureofyou_1478":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1478","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1478","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"vaping","slug":"vaping","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"vaping Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1478,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/vaping"},"futureofyou_1434":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1434","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1434","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"youth","slug":"youth","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"youth Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1434,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/youth"},"futureofyou_1231":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1231","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1231","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"bacteria","slug":"bacteria","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"bacteria Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1231,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/bacteria"},"futureofyou_1576":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1576","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1576","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"environment","slug":"environment","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"environment Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1576,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/environment"},"futureofyou_690":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_690","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"690","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"microbes","slug":"microbes","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"microbes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":690,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/microbes"},"futureofyou_1631":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1631","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1631","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sunlight","slug":"sunlight","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sunlight Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1631,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/sunlight"},"futureofyou_141":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_141","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"141","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"disease","slug":"disease","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"disease Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":141,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/disease"},"futureofyou_1625":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1625","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1625","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"eyes","slug":"eyes","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"eyes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1625,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/eyes"},"futureofyou_1626":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1626","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1626","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"retina","slug":"retina","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"retina Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1626,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/retina"},"futureofyou_565":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_565","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"565","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"vision","slug":"vision","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"vision Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":565,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/vision"},"futureofyou_1064":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1064","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1064","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Your Genes","slug":"your-genes","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Your Genes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1064,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/your-genes"},"futureofyou_464":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_464","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"464","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ancestry test","slug":"ancestry-test","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ancestry test Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":464,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/ancestry-test"},"futureofyou_17":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_17","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"17","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DNA","slug":"dna","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DNA Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":17,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/dna"},"futureofyou_197":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_197","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"197","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gene tests","slug":"gene-tests","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gene tests Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":197,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/gene-tests"},"futureofyou_1094":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1094","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1094","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Your Genes","slug":"your-genes","taxonomy":"collection","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Your Genes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1094,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/collection/your-genes"},"futureofyou_219":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_219","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"219","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Women's Health","slug":"womens-health","taxonomy":"series","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Women's Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":219,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/series/womens-health"},"futureofyou_1624":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1624","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1624","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"metal","slug":"metal","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"metal Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1624,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/metal"},"futureofyou_1619":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1619","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1619","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"toxic","slug":"toxic","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"toxic Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1619,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/toxic"},"futureofyou_275":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_275","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"275","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"women's health","slug":"womens-health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"women's health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":275,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/womens-health"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/futureofyou/collection/diy-health","previousPathname":"/"}}
