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"content": "\u003cp>Eric Smith has just gained new appreciation for the pancreas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “so unassuming,” he says. Pulling the pancreas out of the gastrointestinal tract and holding it in mid-air, he regards it with a sense of awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In surgery people always say don’t touch the pancreas, and I thought it would be this ugly thing. ... But it is cute. It looks like a shrimp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Medical schools are weighing the advantages of teaching students anatomy with the help of virtual reality.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Smith, a first year medical student at UC San Francisco, then tucks the “cute” organ back in place, between the liver and the large intestine. He’s not using gloves, a scalpel or a surgical mask. Instead of having a cadaver in front of him, he’s moving around a large room in a 3-D headset. On the wall-mounted 72-inch screen in UCSF’s virtual anatomy learning center Smith sees a skeleton with stomach, intestines and liver attached to the bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fellow student Sheyda Aboii is helping him study the digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7355EazHRrQLdJAifTzwdkXCkQhYWDkV\"]“The coronary ligament attaches the liver to what structure?” Aboii asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anterior abdominal wall?” Smith hesitates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No.” Aboii responds. “What lies right above?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, the diaphragm!” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith and Aboii are part of a new generation of doctors-in-training who are learning anatomy with the help of Virtual Reality. The VR lessons allow students to see a complete three dimensional picture of body parts, easily move virtual organs in and out of the body and memorize medical terms — each organ displays its name tag once you hover over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Running a 3-D learning center is also less expensive than a cadaver lab and less toxic to be around, say proponents. However, some medical professors believe the benefits of learning anatomy through real bodies will never be replaced. VR doesn’t give students the same experience they get from a human body with its unique structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>VR Arrives on the Scene\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For over a 100 years medical students in the United States have been studying anatomy on cadavers. Curriculums hadn’t really changed much until about five or six years ago, with the introduction of VR technology as a new educational option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Harmon, an assistant adjunct professor at UCSF’s Department of Anatomy, who has been teaching the VR course for over a year, says virtual reality brings an important technological innovation to medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can walk around the virtual model in the 3-D space getting the 360-degree view of the body they can’t get in the lab: the cadaver lies facing up or down providing only a 180-degree view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dissecting virtual organs and tissues is easier, and does not require surgical finesse. Students can move tissues apart and back together as many times as they want, while in the lab they have to keep organs in place so the next group of students can study on the same body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two women in a room with a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stacey Yu, assistant manager of the anatomy lab at UCSF, guides Sheyda Aboii, a student, while she uses virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sometimes virtual reality can give students motion sickness, but Harmon says it only affects about 20 percent of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A virtual learning center may also be a healthier place to study, as it has no smell of formaldehyde used for embalming dead bodies. Formaldehyde inhalation triggers dry mouth, eye and throat irritation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 3-D space revolution has already engulfed dozens of American medical colleges that have introduced not only virtual, but also augmented and mixed reality to their curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Nebraska Medical Center teaches on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpkiKzNnJ1w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual dissection tables\u003c/a>; California’s Western University is actively using holographic displays and Oculus rift stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western University’s College of Dental Medicine built their \u003ca href=\"https://westernu.smugmug.com/Virtual-Reality-Learning/i-PNhZJzK/A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual reality learning center\u003c/a> for just about $120,000, while the cost of maintaining the cadaver lab runs at about $2 to 4 million a year, according to the college Associate Dean of Simulation, Immersion and Digital Learning Robert W. Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasel is one of the most vocal critics of cadaver labs, because of their high operational cost and use of toxic chemicals like formaldehyde recognized by the American Cancer Society as carcinogenic. Chemical compounds used for embalming bodies have not changed in 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also questions learning efficiency in cadaver labs. He says students leave the bodies so “hacked up” that it is hard to recognize organs and tissues. As a result, “students make mistakes, and you can't recover,” says Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hasel, since Western University introduced VR technology in its curriculum about five years ago, students’ grades on their anatomical sciences national board exams have gone up 15 to 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two students, one with a VR headset on.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medical students Sheyda Aboii (left) and Eric Smith use virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Traditional Anatomy Classes Here to Stay, For Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers don’t convince Douglas Gross, professor of cell biology and human anatomy at UC Davis, who likes to stick to the good old practice. He has been teaching anatomy for 42 years and believes that 3-D could be valuable adjunct, but not a replacement for studying a human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says programs that try to get rid of their dissection studying labs are doomed to a “pretty dismal failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross says it is important for students to touch and feel a real human body as they learn anatomy, literally squeeze the organs in their fingers. Lack of this tangible experience won’t allow them to become good doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, “changing curriculum in a medical school is like moving a glacier,” says Gross. Faculty members, scientists and clinicians often have different opinions on teaching strategies. And even small changes take a lot of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>An Appreciation for Cadavers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboii just like the majority of medical students at UCSF welcomes VR lessons. But she sees them as a useful fun tool and doesn’t admire them as much as she does the traditional anatomy classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A GI track appears on a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VR anatomy lessons are gaining popularity, but traditional learning using cadavers isn't going away any time soon. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says the smell of formaldehyde doesn’t bother her. And knowing that the bodies students work on were donated for research and education fills her respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a certain gravity to that,” Aboii says. “Each of the cadavers is unique. In life, they were unique human beings, and now they are unique donations. For a trainee, like myself, it's good to start getting used to that spectrum of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"FwbyNhLT7uzLhRDlXYonilNTpUsv3z8Y\"]Virtual lessons help memorize and review, but they don’t show “the unique human variability,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get almost like an average idealized artistic rendering of what the human body looks like,” says Aboii. However in real life things might be different. Arteries, for example, may not always be connected in the same way on a cadaver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmon is convinced cadaver labs are here to stay, at least for now, but the number of VR platforms in medical schools will skyrocket in the next couple of years and will be especially useful for medical professions that use a lot of 3-D scans in their practice, like radiologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“VR in medicine is going to explode,\" says Harmon. \"And it is exciting.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eric Smith has just gained new appreciation for the pancreas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “so unassuming,” he says. Pulling the pancreas out of the gastrointestinal tract and holding it in mid-air, he regards it with a sense of awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In surgery people always say don’t touch the pancreas, and I thought it would be this ugly thing. ... But it is cute. It looks like a shrimp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Medical schools are weighing the advantages of teaching students anatomy with the help of virtual reality.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Smith, a first year medical student at UC San Francisco, then tucks the “cute” organ back in place, between the liver and the large intestine. He’s not using gloves, a scalpel or a surgical mask. Instead of having a cadaver in front of him, he’s moving around a large room in a 3-D headset. On the wall-mounted 72-inch screen in UCSF’s virtual anatomy learning center Smith sees a skeleton with stomach, intestines and liver attached to the bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fellow student Sheyda Aboii is helping him study the digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“The coronary ligament attaches the liver to what structure?” Aboii asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anterior abdominal wall?” Smith hesitates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No.” Aboii responds. “What lies right above?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, the diaphragm!” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith and Aboii are part of a new generation of doctors-in-training who are learning anatomy with the help of Virtual Reality. The VR lessons allow students to see a complete three dimensional picture of body parts, easily move virtual organs in and out of the body and memorize medical terms — each organ displays its name tag once you hover over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Running a 3-D learning center is also less expensive than a cadaver lab and less toxic to be around, say proponents. However, some medical professors believe the benefits of learning anatomy through real bodies will never be replaced. VR doesn’t give students the same experience they get from a human body with its unique structure.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>VR Arrives on the Scene\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For over a 100 years medical students in the United States have been studying anatomy on cadavers. Curriculums hadn’t really changed much until about five or six years ago, with the introduction of VR technology as a new educational option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Harmon, an assistant adjunct professor at UCSF’s Department of Anatomy, who has been teaching the VR course for over a year, says virtual reality brings an important technological innovation to medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can walk around the virtual model in the 3-D space getting the 360-degree view of the body they can’t get in the lab: the cadaver lies facing up or down providing only a 180-degree view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dissecting virtual organs and tissues is easier, and does not require surgical finesse. Students can move tissues apart and back together as many times as they want, while in the lab they have to keep organs in place so the next group of students can study on the same body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two women in a room with a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stacey Yu, assistant manager of the anatomy lab at UCSF, guides Sheyda Aboii, a student, while she uses virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sometimes virtual reality can give students motion sickness, but Harmon says it only affects about 20 percent of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A virtual learning center may also be a healthier place to study, as it has no smell of formaldehyde used for embalming dead bodies. Formaldehyde inhalation triggers dry mouth, eye and throat irritation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 3-D space revolution has already engulfed dozens of American medical colleges that have introduced not only virtual, but also augmented and mixed reality to their curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Nebraska Medical Center teaches on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpkiKzNnJ1w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual dissection tables\u003c/a>; California’s Western University is actively using holographic displays and Oculus rift stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western University’s College of Dental Medicine built their \u003ca href=\"https://westernu.smugmug.com/Virtual-Reality-Learning/i-PNhZJzK/A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual reality learning center\u003c/a> for just about $120,000, while the cost of maintaining the cadaver lab runs at about $2 to 4 million a year, according to the college Associate Dean of Simulation, Immersion and Digital Learning Robert W. Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasel is one of the most vocal critics of cadaver labs, because of their high operational cost and use of toxic chemicals like formaldehyde recognized by the American Cancer Society as carcinogenic. Chemical compounds used for embalming bodies have not changed in 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also questions learning efficiency in cadaver labs. He says students leave the bodies so “hacked up” that it is hard to recognize organs and tissues. As a result, “students make mistakes, and you can't recover,” says Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hasel, since Western University introduced VR technology in its curriculum about five years ago, students’ grades on their anatomical sciences national board exams have gone up 15 to 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two students, one with a VR headset on.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medical students Sheyda Aboii (left) and Eric Smith use virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Traditional Anatomy Classes Here to Stay, For Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers don’t convince Douglas Gross, professor of cell biology and human anatomy at UC Davis, who likes to stick to the good old practice. He has been teaching anatomy for 42 years and believes that 3-D could be valuable adjunct, but not a replacement for studying a human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says programs that try to get rid of their dissection studying labs are doomed to a “pretty dismal failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross says it is important for students to touch and feel a real human body as they learn anatomy, literally squeeze the organs in their fingers. Lack of this tangible experience won’t allow them to become good doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, “changing curriculum in a medical school is like moving a glacier,” says Gross. Faculty members, scientists and clinicians often have different opinions on teaching strategies. And even small changes take a lot of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>An Appreciation for Cadavers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboii just like the majority of medical students at UCSF welcomes VR lessons. But she sees them as a useful fun tool and doesn’t admire them as much as she does the traditional anatomy classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A GI track appears on a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VR anatomy lessons are gaining popularity, but traditional learning using cadavers isn't going away any time soon. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says the smell of formaldehyde doesn’t bother her. And knowing that the bodies students work on were donated for research and education fills her respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a certain gravity to that,” Aboii says. “Each of the cadavers is unique. In life, they were unique human beings, and now they are unique donations. For a trainee, like myself, it's good to start getting used to that spectrum of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Virtual lessons help memorize and review, but they don’t show “the unique human variability,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get almost like an average idealized artistic rendering of what the human body looks like,” says Aboii. However in real life things might be different. Arteries, for example, may not always be connected in the same way on a cadaver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmon is convinced cadaver labs are here to stay, at least for now, but the number of VR platforms in medical schools will skyrocket in the next couple of years and will be especially useful for medical professions that use a lot of 3-D scans in their practice, like radiologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As part of its series on the opioid crisis, PBS NewsHour's Miles O'Brien earlier this month looked at cutting-edge pain treatment that allows patients to take fewer pills. These non-pharmacological approaches include hypnosis, physical therapy and even virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR program is known as SnowWorld, and it's used to treat burn patients. O'Brien himself suffers from chronic pain related to a phantom limb -- he \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/02/25/miles-o-brien-amputation/5817755/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lost part of his left arm\u003c/a> in 2014 after an accident involving TV gear. In the video below, you'll see O'Brien use SnowWorld to withstand painful heat applied to his forearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Intent on hurling snowballs at penguins. I didn't feel heat at all,\" O'Brien says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he didn't feel the phantom pain from his missing limb, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DM9WrnvS8lM&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As part of its series on the opioid crisis, PBS NewsHour's Miles O'Brien earlier this month looked at cutting-edge pain treatment that allows patients to take fewer pills. These non-pharmacological approaches include hypnosis, physical therapy and even virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR program is known as SnowWorld, and it's used to treat burn patients. O'Brien himself suffers from chronic pain related to a phantom limb -- he \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/02/25/miles-o-brien-amputation/5817755/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lost part of his left arm\u003c/a> in 2014 after an accident involving TV gear. In the video below, you'll see O'Brien use SnowWorld to withstand painful heat applied to his forearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Intent on hurling snowballs at penguins. I didn't feel heat at all,\" O'Brien says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he didn't feel the phantom pain from his missing limb, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Imagine you’re terrified of dogs. The anxiety has gotten so bad you can’t even enter your best friend’s apartment for fear of his pet chihuahua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine being stranded alone in a forest with a pack of wild canines charging you from all directions. You're paralyzed by fear -- only it's not real. It just feels that way, because of a virtual reality headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A therapist walks you through the scenario. After some counseling, the idea of facing your friend’s lapdog may begin to seem more manageable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New software and the rise of low-cost portable headsets have enabled therapists to start treating phobias and other anxiety-based disorders using virtual reality exposure therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here at the doorstep of a virtual reality revolution in health care,” said Sean Sullivan, a San Francisco-based psychologist. \"Therapists are leading the way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan \u003ca href=\"https://blog.limbix.com/vr-is-enriching-my-therapy-practice-e907bdb57d03\">uses VR in his private practice\u003c/a>, and helped develop the software for \u003ca href=\"https://www.limbix.com/vr\">Limbix\u003c/a>, a Silicon Valley startup, where he is the director of psychology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By stepping patients through a series of immersive experiences that gradually exposes them to their phobias -- be it snakes or public speaking -- they can learn to overcome their fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11612529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"Psychologist Sean Sullivan uses VR in his private practice and helped develop the software for Limbix.\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11612529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-800x491.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-1020x626.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-1180x724.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-960x589.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-240x147.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-375x230.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-520x319.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Psychologist Sean Sullivan uses VR in his private practice and helped develop the software for Limbix. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the case of dogs, Sullivan says the first step could be walking into a house where a dog lives, but is locked up outside. For many patients, just spending enough time in the virtual environment causes the physiological signs of stress to dissipate. Once they get comfortable in one scenario, they move on to the next challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of guided exposure also allows therapists to help patients work through the root cause of their fear or anxiety, which is often the memory of a traumatic experience that has spread to everyday situations that pose little objective threat. Over time, exposure therapy can change both the emotional and psychological responses to anxiety-inducing triggers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the principles of exposure therapy have been around for decades, virtual reality offers unprecedented accessibility. Before VR, a therapist might have to go with a patient on a plane, for example, to help them face a fear of flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me as a therapist, it’s incredible that now with a four-inch headset that’s comfortable, you can deliver incredible treatments,\" Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"y2701HqhGJOSEPhIcGeKM7bihSW94NpV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May 2017 article in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.e-mence.org/sites/default/files/domain-39/Maples-Keller%20Use%20VR%20in%20disorders%202017.pdf\">Harvard Review of Psychiatry\u003c/a> shows 20 years of research supporting the use of exposure-based VR interventions for anxiety disorders. A meta-analysis of existing studies showed that results were long-lasting and translated to real world situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application of VR-based therapy extends beyond the treatment of phobias to interventions for generalized anxiety, substance abuse and acute pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Sullivan, the power of Limbix’s tools is how present patients feel in the environments, which the company films with 360-degree video cameras. It can also pull any 360-degree video from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzuqhhs6NWbgTzMuM09WKDQ\">YouTube\u003c/a> or tap into Google Maps’ street view feature to transport patients to any number of places, including a busy intersection or childhood home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first scene, an intersection, could be used to help a patient process a car wreck. And the latter scenario, Sullivan says, could allow therapists to help patients work through early-life trauma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the unexpected benefits Sullivan has seen from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/30/technology/virtual-reality-limbix-mental-health.html?_r=1\">increasing public awareness\u003c/a> about VR-based therapies, is that more people are reaching out for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people think it’s only about depression or anxiety,” Sullivan said. “But there’s really a whole range of challenges that people face in great numbers, and they’re struggling with it alone, not knowing that there’s help out there.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan \u003ca href=\"https://blog.limbix.com/vr-is-enriching-my-therapy-practice-e907bdb57d03\">uses VR in his private practice\u003c/a>, and helped develop the software for \u003ca href=\"https://www.limbix.com/vr\">Limbix\u003c/a>, a Silicon Valley startup, where he is the director of psychology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By stepping patients through a series of immersive experiences that gradually exposes them to their phobias -- be it snakes or public speaking -- they can learn to overcome their fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11612529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"Psychologist Sean Sullivan uses VR in his private practice and helped develop the software for Limbix.\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11612529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-800x491.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-1020x626.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-1180x724.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-960x589.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-240x147.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-375x230.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-520x319.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Psychologist Sean Sullivan uses VR in his private practice and helped develop the software for Limbix. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the case of dogs, Sullivan says the first step could be walking into a house where a dog lives, but is locked up outside. For many patients, just spending enough time in the virtual environment causes the physiological signs of stress to dissipate. Once they get comfortable in one scenario, they move on to the next challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of guided exposure also allows therapists to help patients work through the root cause of their fear or anxiety, which is often the memory of a traumatic experience that has spread to everyday situations that pose little objective threat. Over time, exposure therapy can change both the emotional and psychological responses to anxiety-inducing triggers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the principles of exposure therapy have been around for decades, virtual reality offers unprecedented accessibility. Before VR, a therapist might have to go with a patient on a plane, for example, to help them face a fear of flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me as a therapist, it’s incredible that now with a four-inch headset that’s comfortable, you can deliver incredible treatments,\" Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May 2017 article in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.e-mence.org/sites/default/files/domain-39/Maples-Keller%20Use%20VR%20in%20disorders%202017.pdf\">Harvard Review of Psychiatry\u003c/a> shows 20 years of research supporting the use of exposure-based VR interventions for anxiety disorders. A meta-analysis of existing studies showed that results were long-lasting and translated to real world situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application of VR-based therapy extends beyond the treatment of phobias to interventions for generalized anxiety, substance abuse and acute pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Sullivan, the power of Limbix’s tools is how present patients feel in the environments, which the company films with 360-degree video cameras. It can also pull any 360-degree video from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzuqhhs6NWbgTzMuM09WKDQ\">YouTube\u003c/a> or tap into Google Maps’ street view feature to transport patients to any number of places, including a busy intersection or childhood home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first scene, an intersection, could be used to help a patient process a car wreck. And the latter scenario, Sullivan says, could allow therapists to help patients work through early-life trauma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the unexpected benefits Sullivan has seen from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/30/technology/virtual-reality-limbix-mental-health.html?_r=1\">increasing public awareness\u003c/a> about VR-based therapies, is that more people are reaching out for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people think it’s only about depression or anxiety,” Sullivan said. “But there’s really a whole range of challenges that people face in great numbers, and they’re struggling with it alone, not knowing that there’s help out there.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is Virtual Reality an 'Empathy Machine'? Some Charities Think So",
"title": "Is Virtual Reality an 'Empathy Machine'? Some Charities Think So",
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"content": "\u003cp>Media coverage of tragedy — terrorist attacks, homelessness, the refugee crisis — can be so overwhelming it's numbing. Charities say it can also make it harder to get support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EptXNcfPE3jycvkr9LahlMZvHL93Ccc0\"]Some are hoping a new form of media will be more persuasive — virtual reality or VR, which they think makes people more empathetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent New York City fundraiser for the International Rescue Committee, attendees could step away from the mingling and have a more direct connection to the people they were there to help. A few seats were set up where the guests could sit down and put on a VR headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they've donned the headset the guest is \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescue.org/four-walls\">immersed in the world of a refugee camp\u003c/a> in Lebanon. Cheryl Henson, an IRC donor, says that via VR she was in a family's tent, watching children play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very effective way to feel like you're there in the room because you have a real sense of these are real people,\" she says. \"There's the food, there's the clothes, there's the talk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sense of really being there is why some fans of VR have dubbed it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/09/11/439199892/what-happens-when-we-step-inside-the-screen\">\"the empathy machine.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henson's reaction was fairly typical of others who have tried the Lebanon experience, says Cathe Neukum, executive producer for the IRC. \"We can't bring donors or people to the field, but we bring the field to donors and our constituents and our supporters,\" she says. \"That's what's so great about VR; that's what makes it, I think, such an important tool for charities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other charities are also trying VR, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.360syria.com/\">Amnesty International\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative/inside-impact-east-africa\">Clinton Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The goal ultimately is that when you take the headset off, you have the inspiration to act in real life,\" says Gordon Meyer, director of marketing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.youvisit.com/\">YouVisit\u003c/a>, which created the VR experience for the IRC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows for sure whether VR is a more powerful tool than other media for getting people to act charitably, but it is a subject of serious study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeremy Bailenson, the founding director of Stanford University's \u003ca href=\"http://vhil.stanford.edu/\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a>, has been studying VR since its earliest days. He says there is increasing evidence that VR can be more effective than other media in evoking empathy. But it has to be done right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we know how to do well is to create these experiences that really leverage what's called embodied cognition, which is moving through a space, looking around, using your eyes, using your body to interact with the scene and that's what makes VR special,\" Bailenson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now his lab is studying whether VR makes people more empathetic to homeless people than other forms of media do. One group gets a video or some literature and the other group has the VR experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR experience puts you in the shoes of someone who goes through a journey that ends in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You start out in your home and you find out that you've lost your job,\" Bailenson says. \"You struggle to make rent and you use your body to pick items in your home to sell to try to make your rent so you don't get evicted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, you do get evicted. And you find yourself living in your car. Your car gets towed and you find yourself trying to sleep on a bus. On the bus, you must guard your backpack from thieves all night long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Vignesh Ramachandran, who participated in the study, says he's read a lot about homelessness but something about the experience of protecting his stuff on the bus got to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just remember thinking like, 'Oh my gosh' you just can't imagine having to constantly be looking out for your safety just when you're trying to get a good night's sleep,\" he says. \"That part was like striking to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the VR experience the participants are asked to sign a petition for housing for the homeless. The study will look at whether they or the people who read material and saw a video are more likely to sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But using VR to promote empathy has its skeptics. \u003ca href=\"http://bostonreview.net/forum/paul-bloom-against-empathy\">Paul Bloom\u003c/a>, a Yale psychology professor and author of \u003cem>Against Empathy, \u003c/em>thinks that if these kinds of VR experiences become common they will be no more effective than any other media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Empathy — feeling the suffering of other people — is fatiguing. It leads to burnout. It leads to withdrawal,\" Bloom says. \"The best therapists, the best doctors, the best philanthropists are people who don't feel the suffering of others. It's just people who care about others want to help, but do it joyously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloom says he may be old school, but he thinks if you really want to get into the head of another human being and understand them, try reading a good novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Virtual+Reality+Make+You+More+Empathetic%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Media coverage of tragedy — terrorist attacks, homelessness, the refugee crisis — can be so overwhelming it's numbing. Charities say it can also make it harder to get support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Some are hoping a new form of media will be more persuasive — virtual reality or VR, which they think makes people more empathetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent New York City fundraiser for the International Rescue Committee, attendees could step away from the mingling and have a more direct connection to the people they were there to help. A few seats were set up where the guests could sit down and put on a VR headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they've donned the headset the guest is \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescue.org/four-walls\">immersed in the world of a refugee camp\u003c/a> in Lebanon. Cheryl Henson, an IRC donor, says that via VR she was in a family's tent, watching children play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very effective way to feel like you're there in the room because you have a real sense of these are real people,\" she says. \"There's the food, there's the clothes, there's the talk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sense of really being there is why some fans of VR have dubbed it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/09/11/439199892/what-happens-when-we-step-inside-the-screen\">\"the empathy machine.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henson's reaction was fairly typical of others who have tried the Lebanon experience, says Cathe Neukum, executive producer for the IRC. \"We can't bring donors or people to the field, but we bring the field to donors and our constituents and our supporters,\" she says. \"That's what's so great about VR; that's what makes it, I think, such an important tool for charities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other charities are also trying VR, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.360syria.com/\">Amnesty International\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative/inside-impact-east-africa\">Clinton Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The goal ultimately is that when you take the headset off, you have the inspiration to act in real life,\" says Gordon Meyer, director of marketing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.youvisit.com/\">YouVisit\u003c/a>, which created the VR experience for the IRC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows for sure whether VR is a more powerful tool than other media for getting people to act charitably, but it is a subject of serious study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeremy Bailenson, the founding director of Stanford University's \u003ca href=\"http://vhil.stanford.edu/\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a>, has been studying VR since its earliest days. He says there is increasing evidence that VR can be more effective than other media in evoking empathy. But it has to be done right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we know how to do well is to create these experiences that really leverage what's called embodied cognition, which is moving through a space, looking around, using your eyes, using your body to interact with the scene and that's what makes VR special,\" Bailenson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now his lab is studying whether VR makes people more empathetic to homeless people than other forms of media do. One group gets a video or some literature and the other group has the VR experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR experience puts you in the shoes of someone who goes through a journey that ends in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You start out in your home and you find out that you've lost your job,\" Bailenson says. \"You struggle to make rent and you use your body to pick items in your home to sell to try to make your rent so you don't get evicted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, you do get evicted. And you find yourself living in your car. Your car gets towed and you find yourself trying to sleep on a bus. On the bus, you must guard your backpack from thieves all night long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Vignesh Ramachandran, who participated in the study, says he's read a lot about homelessness but something about the experience of protecting his stuff on the bus got to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just remember thinking like, 'Oh my gosh' you just can't imagine having to constantly be looking out for your safety just when you're trying to get a good night's sleep,\" he says. \"That part was like striking to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the VR experience the participants are asked to sign a petition for housing for the homeless. The study will look at whether they or the people who read material and saw a video are more likely to sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But using VR to promote empathy has its skeptics. \u003ca href=\"http://bostonreview.net/forum/paul-bloom-against-empathy\">Paul Bloom\u003c/a>, a Yale psychology professor and author of \u003cem>Against Empathy, \u003c/em>thinks that if these kinds of VR experiences become common they will be no more effective than any other media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Empathy — feeling the suffering of other people — is fatiguing. It leads to burnout. It leads to withdrawal,\" Bloom says. \"The best therapists, the best doctors, the best philanthropists are people who don't feel the suffering of others. It's just people who care about others want to help, but do it joyously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloom says he may be old school, but he thinks if you really want to get into the head of another human being and understand them, try reading a good novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Virtual+Reality+Make+You+More+Empathetic%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of CNET's \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/tech-enabled/\" target=\"_blank\">Tech Enabled\u003c/a>\" series about the role technology plays in helping the disability community.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality and augmented reality are often associated with gaming. For many people, the allure has to do with the ability to visit an alien world or an exotic location -- to go someplace or do something they couldn't do otherwise. Bridging worlds seems to be a sweet spot for these technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VR and AR don't necessarily have to take users to far-off or fictional places. They also can better connect people with vision issues to the everyday world. Most take for granted the ability to sit at a computer at work and read the text on the screen, or freely and confidently walk around their home or office. These technologies aim to help people reclaim some of the vision they may have lost and to make it easier to function in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization estimates that 246 million people have low vision, which includes blurry vision, tunnel vision or blind spots that can't be corrected. The WHO also estimates that 90 percent of those who have vision problems, not just low vision, tend to have low incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Werblin, professor of neuroscience at the University of California, Berkeley, is working to bring a lower-cost vision aid to the low-vision community. About a year and a half ago, he realized he could do this by piggybacking on virtual-reality technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_284322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 719px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-284322\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png\" alt=\"IrisVision is an app that magnifies whatever the user is looking at. It can be used with a Samsung Gear VR headset, pictured.. \" width=\"719\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png 719w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-240x159.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-375x249.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-520x345.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">IrisVision is an app that magnifies whatever the user is looking at. It can be used with a Samsung Gear VR headset, pictured.. \u003ccite>(Sarah Tew/CNET)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>IrisVision is an app that uses a Samsung Gear VR headset. It's responsive to the wearer's head movements and will magnify whatever they're directly looking at, while still providing a wide field of view. It's meant to help users better see the world, even read on a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges he's trying to address is cost. Wearable vision aids can go as high as $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a huge price gap between a magnifying glass, which you could buy for $25 or $50, and what these people could really use, which is a wearable portable device, which is many thousands of dollars,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IrisVision is available online for $2,500, and in certain clinics around the country on an experimental basis. The price includes the software, headset and phone needed to power the Gear VR. Werblin, who for 44 years has been studying the way the retina functions, even took it to the California School for the Blind in Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lazy Eye No More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Werblin's not the first to use virtual-reality hardware. James Blaha had dealt with amblyopia, or lazy eye, his whole life. In the process of researching the condition and tinkering with an early Oculus Rift VR headset, the now-founder and CEO of Vivid Vision, a company that makes therapy solutions for the condition, discovered he could strengthen his weaker eye using virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amblyopia occurs when one eye is far less effective than the other, and the brain tries to suppress it. This creates problems with depth perception that can make it hard to cross a busy street or drive, among other things. Conventional wisdom in the medical field has held that if the problem isn't fixed by the age of 8, it won't be fixed at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blaha is proving that idea wrong. By cranking up the brightness in the goggles for just his weaker eye, he essentially forced his brain to stop suppressing the eye. He started seeing in 3D for the first time in his life, including seeing the keys on his keyboard in relief. These days, he has 90 percent normal depth perception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're sort of outside the context of VR, particularly for the patients who use it, and definitely for the doctors who are not playing any of the VR games, typically,\" Blaha said of his company, which now has ties to about 50 clinics in the US and Canada, plus a few in Europe and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vivid Vision is also working with UC Berkeley on improving depth perception in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Your Way\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the people who have difficulty seeing at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OxSight, formerly known as VA-ST, is a startup out of the University of Oxford that makes applications for those with vision problems. Its SmartSpecs headset is built as a portable device for those who are legally blind or partially sighted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSpecs, which don't have a price just yet, boost the visibility of objects and faces by accentuating those objects and their edges against a darkened background. They even work in darkness, helping users find doorways or navigate around furniture. SmartSpecs' algorithms look for things like faces, including facial expressions, and text in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the real trick is coming up with ways of delivering relevant information to the user without bombarding them with irrelevant info,\" said co-founder Stephen Hicks, who is also a university research lecturer and Royal Academy of Engineering enterprise fellow at Oxford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSpecs wants to give users more confidence and independence. It's set to launch mid 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the potential,\" he said, \"to make a dent in this feeling of isolation and helplessness that many visually impaired individuals experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of CNET's \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/tech-enabled/\" target=\"_blank\">Tech Enabled\u003c/a>\" series about the role technology plays in helping the disability community.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality and augmented reality are often associated with gaming. For many people, the allure has to do with the ability to visit an alien world or an exotic location -- to go someplace or do something they couldn't do otherwise. Bridging worlds seems to be a sweet spot for these technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VR and AR don't necessarily have to take users to far-off or fictional places. They also can better connect people with vision issues to the everyday world. Most take for granted the ability to sit at a computer at work and read the text on the screen, or freely and confidently walk around their home or office. These technologies aim to help people reclaim some of the vision they may have lost and to make it easier to function in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization estimates that 246 million people have low vision, which includes blurry vision, tunnel vision or blind spots that can't be corrected. The WHO also estimates that 90 percent of those who have vision problems, not just low vision, tend to have low incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Werblin, professor of neuroscience at the University of California, Berkeley, is working to bring a lower-cost vision aid to the low-vision community. About a year and a half ago, he realized he could do this by piggybacking on virtual-reality technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_284322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 719px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-284322\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png\" alt=\"IrisVision is an app that magnifies whatever the user is looking at. It can be used with a Samsung Gear VR headset, pictured.. \" width=\"719\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png 719w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-240x159.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-375x249.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-520x345.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">IrisVision is an app that magnifies whatever the user is looking at. It can be used with a Samsung Gear VR headset, pictured.. \u003ccite>(Sarah Tew/CNET)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>IrisVision is an app that uses a Samsung Gear VR headset. It's responsive to the wearer's head movements and will magnify whatever they're directly looking at, while still providing a wide field of view. It's meant to help users better see the world, even read on a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges he's trying to address is cost. Wearable vision aids can go as high as $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a huge price gap between a magnifying glass, which you could buy for $25 or $50, and what these people could really use, which is a wearable portable device, which is many thousands of dollars,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IrisVision is available online for $2,500, and in certain clinics around the country on an experimental basis. The price includes the software, headset and phone needed to power the Gear VR. Werblin, who for 44 years has been studying the way the retina functions, even took it to the California School for the Blind in Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lazy Eye No More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Werblin's not the first to use virtual-reality hardware. James Blaha had dealt with amblyopia, or lazy eye, his whole life. In the process of researching the condition and tinkering with an early Oculus Rift VR headset, the now-founder and CEO of Vivid Vision, a company that makes therapy solutions for the condition, discovered he could strengthen his weaker eye using virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amblyopia occurs when one eye is far less effective than the other, and the brain tries to suppress it. This creates problems with depth perception that can make it hard to cross a busy street or drive, among other things. Conventional wisdom in the medical field has held that if the problem isn't fixed by the age of 8, it won't be fixed at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blaha is proving that idea wrong. By cranking up the brightness in the goggles for just his weaker eye, he essentially forced his brain to stop suppressing the eye. He started seeing in 3D for the first time in his life, including seeing the keys on his keyboard in relief. These days, he has 90 percent normal depth perception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're sort of outside the context of VR, particularly for the patients who use it, and definitely for the doctors who are not playing any of the VR games, typically,\" Blaha said of his company, which now has ties to about 50 clinics in the US and Canada, plus a few in Europe and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vivid Vision is also working with UC Berkeley on improving depth perception in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Your Way\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the people who have difficulty seeing at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OxSight, formerly known as VA-ST, is a startup out of the University of Oxford that makes applications for those with vision problems. Its SmartSpecs headset is built as a portable device for those who are legally blind or partially sighted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSpecs, which don't have a price just yet, boost the visibility of objects and faces by accentuating those objects and their edges against a darkened background. They even work in darkness, helping users find doorways or navigate around furniture. SmartSpecs' algorithms look for things like faces, including facial expressions, and text in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the real trick is coming up with ways of delivering relevant information to the user without bombarding them with irrelevant info,\" said co-founder Stephen Hicks, who is also a university research lecturer and Royal Academy of Engineering enterprise fellow at Oxford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSpecs wants to give users more confidence and independence. It's set to launch mid 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the potential,\" he said, \"to make a dent in this feeling of isolation and helplessness that many visually impaired individuals experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sean Leonard is buckling me into, essentially, a sound system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he helps me into a rubbery, black backpack that looks, as he points out, a lot like “Batman armor.” The pack lies flat across my back. Its straps go over my shoulders and across my ribs and belly, then tighten like a life vest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard plugs the pack into a tablet computer, on which he’s cued up a list of songs. Then he hands me headphones, which I'm only going to be wearing half the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My job today isn’t to hear the music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s to \u003cem>feel\u003c/em> it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I can actually feel it slither down my spine, as the percussion begins hammering me from my shoulders down to my kidneys.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This is the \u003ca href=\"http://subpac.com/\" target=\"_blank\">SubPac\u003c/a>, a wearable device that makes music tactile; the company calls it “physical audio.” While SubPac started as a gadget mostly for sound designers, it’s attracting attention from people who are deaf or have limited hearing, who are exploring how it can be used for music, dance and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feeling sound, instead of hearing it, is a form of sensory substitution—using information from one sense as a proxy for another. (The same principle is at work when people who are blind use their sense of touch to read Braille.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re transferring energy directly to the body,” says Leonard, SubPac's executive vice president for strategic development. “And then your body is just doing the rest of the work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For someone who can hear, enjoying recorded music usually means listening through a speaker. A speaker works by moving an amplifying cone, which pushes the air around it, propagating pressure waves that eventually reach the ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a SubPac, users wear two tactile transducers right on their back, so they feel the music’s vibration both directly and through bone conduction, as the energy rattles their rib cages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all about contact with the body,” says Leonard, “taking air out of the equation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_219835\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-219835\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back.jpg\" alt=\"Deaf hip hop dancer Shaheem Sanchez.\" width=\"750\" height=\"741\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-400x395.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-607x600.jpg 607w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deaf dancer Shaheem Sanchez uses the SubPac for both performance and to learn choreography. \u003ccite>(Brandon White)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>OK, now I'm ready to rattle. Leonard cues up the Beatles’ “Come Together,” and I burst into laughter. The song’s iconic shoooooop-boom-boom-boom bassline radiates across my back like a supercharged set of Magic Fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a beautiful bass line, so it feels pretty good,” Leonard agrees. “But do this for me as well. Take the headphones off. Plug your ears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever pulled up at a stoplight next to a car with the bass cranked and the windows rolled up, and been able to recognize the song from the vibration alone? It’s like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll give you a fun one,” says Leonard, cuing up \u003ca href=\"http://www.asvpxrocky.com/\" target=\"_blank\">A$AP Rocky\u003c/a>’s hip hop cover of “Big Spender.” The song begins with a fake-out, a tinny recording of a female vocalist over a traditional jazz band, and the SubPac doesn't do very much in response. But when the bass finally drops, does it \u003cem>ever\u003c/em> drop. I can actually feel it slither down my spine, as the percussion begins hammering me from my shoulders down to my kidneys and through my ribs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re feeling the lower lows down in sort of your solar plexus region, and you are feeling the higher frequencies up higher,” says Leonard. “It’s so precise you are actually able to feel the notes moving up and down your body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'An Earthquake Took Over My Body'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/shaaheem/?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\">Shaheem Sanchez\u003c/a> is a Los Angeles freestyle R&B and hip hop dancer who lost his hearing at age 4 but started dancing at age 11—he says he practiced feeling music by bopping his head along to the subwoofers in his mom’s car. He now regularly wears a SubPac to perform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2016/08/09/antoine-hunter-empowers-deaf-community-through-dance/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED Arts\u003c/a>: Empowering the deaf community through dance \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PTjNqysmHk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I first tried it on, it felt like an earthquake took over my body,” Sanchez says in an email. “And that's a good thing!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the device, he writes, choreography is harder—he has to rely on memorizing the beat and repeating the counts over and over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the SubPac,\" he says, \"it's amazing how you can feel it just like everyone else. You can dance to the same song for both worlds [the hearing and the deaf]. Deaf people will never feel left out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jo-Ann Dean, a Los Angeles sign language interpreter and producer whose company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.deaftalentblog.com/mobile/\" target=\"_blank\">SIGNmation\u003c/a>, promotes deaf talent and advocates for accessibility in the entertainment industry, helped outfit audience members with the packs at her monthly revue, the ASL Cabaret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liked the idea that somebody onstage would also be able to relate to somebody that’s in the audience wearing the unit,” says Dean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their first SubPac-enabled show included a dance performance by Sanchez, a percussion act, and cast members from the rock musical Spring Awakening, which includes both deaf and hearing actors, singing Broadway show tunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Dean also organized a poolside disco during the DeafNation World Expo in Las Vegas. Deaf DJ Nico DiMarco—the twin brother of dancer Nyle—spun tunes, which were wirelessly transmitted to dancers wearing the vests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"cYkiLRjurproibDdhcTqvbcyMO1JbM4z\"]“Instead of somebody just moving up and down, bobbing to the music like you would with the bass, or tapping their foot with the boom, boom, boom,\" Dean says, \"now the shoulders are moving. The arms are moving. They are swaying with whatever the music is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SubPac has donated sets to \u003ca href=\"http://www.themuseseekproject.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Muse Seek Project\u003c/a> in the Dominican Republic, which has organized silent dance sessions and excursions for kids to listen to whale songs. The company has also partnered with Brendan Angelides, AKA electronic musician \u003ca href=\"http://www.eskmo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Eskmo\u003c/a>, for his \u003ca href=\"http://www.feelharmonic.org/\" target=\"_blank\">FeelHarmonic\u003c/a> education program, which offers a “visual concert” for deaf and hard-of-hearing children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Sound Design to Deaf Culture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SubPac began its life as an aid for musicians and producers who wanted to feel bass they couldn’t easily hear. The first design, funded by a 2013 Kickstarter campaign, fits into the back of a chair, so a person working with audio software can simply lean back into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Producing low frequencies is fraught with all kinds of complications and problems. It’s expensive, it’s loud, it’s hard to reproduce accurately across any environment,” says Leonard, who in a previous career life was a studio sound engineer for bands like U2, The Breeders and Frank Black. “So instead of having a big subwoofer, pushing lots of air, making lots of noise, being potentially affected by the environment, this gives you very accurate, high fidelity, reproducible reference points.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deaf artists quickly joined the SubPac user base. \u003ca href=\"http://thedjlist.com/djs/robbie-wilde/info/\" target=\"_blank\">Deaf DJ Robbie Wilde\u003c/a> was an early adopter, and this spring, SubPac outfitted the guest section for deaf \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArttowOUOg4\" target=\"_blank\">Dancing with the Stars winner Nyle DiMarco\u003c/a> with seated versions of the device, so the audience could feel the beat as he danced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, SubPac has offices in Los Angeles, Toronto and at Playground Studios in San Francisco, a co-development workspace that features an indoor swing set and two-story curly slide. One of their goals is to find new ways simply to help people feel good, says Meredith Badali, who leads the deaf and hard-of-hearing initiatives for the company’s health and wellness team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_219837\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-219837\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing.jpg\" alt=\"A dancer tries out the SubPac at the DeafNation World Expo in Las Vegas.\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dancer tries out the SubPac at the DeafNation World Expo in Las Vegas. \u003ccite>(Jo-Ann Dean/SIGNmation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The SubPac is a medium for art,” she says. “It allows you to express yourself and it allows you to share the gift of music and feeling with others. It adds another dimension to unlocking the world around you or breaking down barriers for communication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Amping the Reality in Virtual Reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Badali likes to think of the SubPac as a vessel into which you can insert any cultural wedge—music, dance, video games, virtual reality experiences, movies. During my visit to Playground, I watched the most recent \"Star Wars\" and \"Mission Impossible\" trailers while wearing the vest. This time, it felt like having a chaotic fireworks finale erupt across my back, each rumble echoing an onscreen explosion, spaceship maneuver or feat of derring-do by a spy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Leonard offered me a go at a virtual reality game called Audioshield. Still wearing the SubPac vest and headphones, we added a VR headset and a pair of hand controllers, and dropped me into the middle of a (virtual) neon-lit arena. My task was to jump around deflecting oncoming blobs of light, catching the blue ones with my left hand and the orange ones with the right—all to the beat of Missy Elliott’s enormously bouncy \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/shaaheem/?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\">“WTF (Where They From),”\u003c/a> which engulfed me in the beat from both the headphones and the vest. VR labs often rely on subwoofers built into the floor or mounted under chairs to relay tactile sensations and create the illusion of “presence,” or actually being within the virtual environment. Moving floors work, but actually being shaken by the chest makes the virtual feel incredibly close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darin McFadyen, SubPac’s head of creative, who also doubles as the DJ and electronic music producer \u003ca href=\"http://freqnasty.com/\" target=\"_blank\">FreQ Nasty\u003c/a>, envisions SubPacs adding a tactile element to augmented reality. Imagine, he says, playing a game like Pokémon GO or taking an interactive tour of a museum without having to keep an eye on your phone. Instead, the pack buzzing to the left or right could cue you which way to walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to wander around holding up phones to our faces,” McFadyen says. “That’s not something we are used to doing, it’s not something that a lot of people like, and we're already seeing people walking off cliffs and walking into cars and ridiculous things like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people are already used to wearing equipment on their torsos, everything from backpacks to baby carriers. And, as Leonard points out, the back offers plenty of real estate for sensory input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, by the time I am done at SubPac, I have moved and vibrated and jumped so much that I have thoroughly sweated on all of their gear. But to Leonard, this physicality is a good thing, an indicator that SubPac is onto something that will help musicians use sound and feeling to create truly inclusive entertainment for people who can hear and those who can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity here for artists to really connect with their fan base,” he says, “to create things that literally move people, physically move people, reach out and touch people.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The SubPac device was developed for sound designers to hear low frequencies, but deaf people are using it to choreograph, dance, DJ and just enjoy music.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sean Leonard is buckling me into, essentially, a sound system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he helps me into a rubbery, black backpack that looks, as he points out, a lot like “Batman armor.” The pack lies flat across my back. Its straps go over my shoulders and across my ribs and belly, then tighten like a life vest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard plugs the pack into a tablet computer, on which he’s cued up a list of songs. Then he hands me headphones, which I'm only going to be wearing half the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My job today isn’t to hear the music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s to \u003cem>feel\u003c/em> it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I can actually feel it slither down my spine, as the percussion begins hammering me from my shoulders down to my kidneys.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This is the \u003ca href=\"http://subpac.com/\" target=\"_blank\">SubPac\u003c/a>, a wearable device that makes music tactile; the company calls it “physical audio.” While SubPac started as a gadget mostly for sound designers, it’s attracting attention from people who are deaf or have limited hearing, who are exploring how it can be used for music, dance and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feeling sound, instead of hearing it, is a form of sensory substitution—using information from one sense as a proxy for another. (The same principle is at work when people who are blind use their sense of touch to read Braille.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re transferring energy directly to the body,” says Leonard, SubPac's executive vice president for strategic development. “And then your body is just doing the rest of the work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For someone who can hear, enjoying recorded music usually means listening through a speaker. A speaker works by moving an amplifying cone, which pushes the air around it, propagating pressure waves that eventually reach the ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a SubPac, users wear two tactile transducers right on their back, so they feel the music’s vibration both directly and through bone conduction, as the energy rattles their rib cages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all about contact with the body,” says Leonard, “taking air out of the equation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_219835\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-219835\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back.jpg\" alt=\"Deaf hip hop dancer Shaheem Sanchez.\" width=\"750\" height=\"741\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-400x395.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-607x600.jpg 607w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Shaheen-from-back-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deaf dancer Shaheem Sanchez uses the SubPac for both performance and to learn choreography. \u003ccite>(Brandon White)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>OK, now I'm ready to rattle. Leonard cues up the Beatles’ “Come Together,” and I burst into laughter. The song’s iconic shoooooop-boom-boom-boom bassline radiates across my back like a supercharged set of Magic Fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a beautiful bass line, so it feels pretty good,” Leonard agrees. “But do this for me as well. Take the headphones off. Plug your ears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever pulled up at a stoplight next to a car with the bass cranked and the windows rolled up, and been able to recognize the song from the vibration alone? It’s like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll give you a fun one,” says Leonard, cuing up \u003ca href=\"http://www.asvpxrocky.com/\" target=\"_blank\">A$AP Rocky\u003c/a>’s hip hop cover of “Big Spender.” The song begins with a fake-out, a tinny recording of a female vocalist over a traditional jazz band, and the SubPac doesn't do very much in response. But when the bass finally drops, does it \u003cem>ever\u003c/em> drop. I can actually feel it slither down my spine, as the percussion begins hammering me from my shoulders down to my kidneys and through my ribs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re feeling the lower lows down in sort of your solar plexus region, and you are feeling the higher frequencies up higher,” says Leonard. “It’s so precise you are actually able to feel the notes moving up and down your body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'An Earthquake Took Over My Body'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/shaaheem/?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\">Shaheem Sanchez\u003c/a> is a Los Angeles freestyle R&B and hip hop dancer who lost his hearing at age 4 but started dancing at age 11—he says he practiced feeling music by bopping his head along to the subwoofers in his mom’s car. He now regularly wears a SubPac to perform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2016/08/09/antoine-hunter-empowers-deaf-community-through-dance/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED Arts\u003c/a>: Empowering the deaf community through dance \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1PTjNqysmHk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1PTjNqysmHk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\"When I first tried it on, it felt like an earthquake took over my body,” Sanchez says in an email. “And that's a good thing!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the device, he writes, choreography is harder—he has to rely on memorizing the beat and repeating the counts over and over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the SubPac,\" he says, \"it's amazing how you can feel it just like everyone else. You can dance to the same song for both worlds [the hearing and the deaf]. Deaf people will never feel left out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jo-Ann Dean, a Los Angeles sign language interpreter and producer whose company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.deaftalentblog.com/mobile/\" target=\"_blank\">SIGNmation\u003c/a>, promotes deaf talent and advocates for accessibility in the entertainment industry, helped outfit audience members with the packs at her monthly revue, the ASL Cabaret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liked the idea that somebody onstage would also be able to relate to somebody that’s in the audience wearing the unit,” says Dean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their first SubPac-enabled show included a dance performance by Sanchez, a percussion act, and cast members from the rock musical Spring Awakening, which includes both deaf and hearing actors, singing Broadway show tunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Dean also organized a poolside disco during the DeafNation World Expo in Las Vegas. Deaf DJ Nico DiMarco—the twin brother of dancer Nyle—spun tunes, which were wirelessly transmitted to dancers wearing the vests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“Instead of somebody just moving up and down, bobbing to the music like you would with the bass, or tapping their foot with the boom, boom, boom,\" Dean says, \"now the shoulders are moving. The arms are moving. They are swaying with whatever the music is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SubPac has donated sets to \u003ca href=\"http://www.themuseseekproject.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Muse Seek Project\u003c/a> in the Dominican Republic, which has organized silent dance sessions and excursions for kids to listen to whale songs. The company has also partnered with Brendan Angelides, AKA electronic musician \u003ca href=\"http://www.eskmo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Eskmo\u003c/a>, for his \u003ca href=\"http://www.feelharmonic.org/\" target=\"_blank\">FeelHarmonic\u003c/a> education program, which offers a “visual concert” for deaf and hard-of-hearing children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Sound Design to Deaf Culture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SubPac began its life as an aid for musicians and producers who wanted to feel bass they couldn’t easily hear. The first design, funded by a 2013 Kickstarter campaign, fits into the back of a chair, so a person working with audio software can simply lean back into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Producing low frequencies is fraught with all kinds of complications and problems. It’s expensive, it’s loud, it’s hard to reproduce accurately across any environment,” says Leonard, who in a previous career life was a studio sound engineer for bands like U2, The Breeders and Frank Black. “So instead of having a big subwoofer, pushing lots of air, making lots of noise, being potentially affected by the environment, this gives you very accurate, high fidelity, reproducible reference points.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deaf artists quickly joined the SubPac user base. \u003ca href=\"http://thedjlist.com/djs/robbie-wilde/info/\" target=\"_blank\">Deaf DJ Robbie Wilde\u003c/a> was an early adopter, and this spring, SubPac outfitted the guest section for deaf \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArttowOUOg4\" target=\"_blank\">Dancing with the Stars winner Nyle DiMarco\u003c/a> with seated versions of the device, so the audience could feel the beat as he danced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, SubPac has offices in Los Angeles, Toronto and at Playground Studios in San Francisco, a co-development workspace that features an indoor swing set and two-story curly slide. One of their goals is to find new ways simply to help people feel good, says Meredith Badali, who leads the deaf and hard-of-hearing initiatives for the company’s health and wellness team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_219837\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-219837\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing.jpg\" alt=\"A dancer tries out the SubPac at the DeafNation World Expo in Las Vegas.\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/Subpac-dancing-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dancer tries out the SubPac at the DeafNation World Expo in Las Vegas. \u003ccite>(Jo-Ann Dean/SIGNmation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The SubPac is a medium for art,” she says. “It allows you to express yourself and it allows you to share the gift of music and feeling with others. It adds another dimension to unlocking the world around you or breaking down barriers for communication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Amping the Reality in Virtual Reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Badali likes to think of the SubPac as a vessel into which you can insert any cultural wedge—music, dance, video games, virtual reality experiences, movies. During my visit to Playground, I watched the most recent \"Star Wars\" and \"Mission Impossible\" trailers while wearing the vest. This time, it felt like having a chaotic fireworks finale erupt across my back, each rumble echoing an onscreen explosion, spaceship maneuver or feat of derring-do by a spy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Leonard offered me a go at a virtual reality game called Audioshield. Still wearing the SubPac vest and headphones, we added a VR headset and a pair of hand controllers, and dropped me into the middle of a (virtual) neon-lit arena. My task was to jump around deflecting oncoming blobs of light, catching the blue ones with my left hand and the orange ones with the right—all to the beat of Missy Elliott’s enormously bouncy \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/shaaheem/?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\">“WTF (Where They From),”\u003c/a> which engulfed me in the beat from both the headphones and the vest. VR labs often rely on subwoofers built into the floor or mounted under chairs to relay tactile sensations and create the illusion of “presence,” or actually being within the virtual environment. Moving floors work, but actually being shaken by the chest makes the virtual feel incredibly close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darin McFadyen, SubPac’s head of creative, who also doubles as the DJ and electronic music producer \u003ca href=\"http://freqnasty.com/\" target=\"_blank\">FreQ Nasty\u003c/a>, envisions SubPacs adding a tactile element to augmented reality. Imagine, he says, playing a game like Pokémon GO or taking an interactive tour of a museum without having to keep an eye on your phone. Instead, the pack buzzing to the left or right could cue you which way to walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to wander around holding up phones to our faces,” McFadyen says. “That’s not something we are used to doing, it’s not something that a lot of people like, and we're already seeing people walking off cliffs and walking into cars and ridiculous things like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people are already used to wearing equipment on their torsos, everything from backpacks to baby carriers. And, as Leonard points out, the back offers plenty of real estate for sensory input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, by the time I am done at SubPac, I have moved and vibrated and jumped so much that I have thoroughly sweated on all of their gear. But to Leonard, this physicality is a good thing, an indicator that SubPac is onto something that will help musicians use sound and feeling to create truly inclusive entertainment for people who can hear and those who can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Virtual Reality + Robotics Help Paraplegics Regain Some Movement (Video)",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7LPa5JPB-4&ab_channel=CNN\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Brazil who are trying to help people with spine injuries gain mobility have made a surprising discovery: Injured people doing brain training while interacting with robot-like machines were able to regain some sensation and movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For the first time in many years, eight paralyzed people were able to voluntarily control their muscles.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/srep30383\">findings\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em> (one of the \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> journals), suggest that damaged spinal tissue in some people with paraplegia can be retrained to a certain extent — somewhat the way certain people can regain some brain function following stroke though repetition and practice. In fact, this isn't a new idea for treating injuries of the spinal cord. Even people with severe injuries can regain some sensation and function through physical therapy if some nerve fibers remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eight paralyzed people in the Brazilian study didn't regain enough mobility to support their own weight on their legs, but \u003ca href=\"http://bme.duke.edu/faculty/miguel-nicolelis\">Dr. Miguel Nicolelis\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist and physician with Duke University who led the research, says his experimental subjects did make \"partial recovery\" — improvements that significantly helped their quality of life. They had better control of bowel and bladder functions, he says. Some men were able to have erections and one woman decided to deliver a baby vaginally. \"She could feel the baby for the first time,\" he says. \"She could feel the contractions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study of the first 12 months of training didn't document the most dramatic quality-of-life improvements that Nicolelis announced in a telephone briefing with reporters. But it did describe some of the improvements in sensation and movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis previously garnered worldwide publicity for his work by arranging for one of his patients to kick out a ceremonial soccer ball during the World Cup tournament in Rio de Janeiro in 2014. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/08/320077425/scientist-touts-exoskeleton-that-could-offer-a-chance-to-walk-again\">build-up\u003c/a> for that moment was more dramatic than \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inCvbDLfXBo\">the actual event\u003c/a>. But it did highlight Nicolelis' ambitious efforts to help people with paralysis improve their mobility through robotics, through an international scientific collaboration known as the \u003ca href=\"http://virtualreality.duke.edu/project/walk-again-project/\">Walk Again Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research groups are pursuing similar strategies, and there are several products on the market that help people with spinal cord injuries to walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his work, Nicolelis and his team \u003ca href=\"http://www.nicolelislab.net/\">trained people\u003c/a> with paraplegia to visualize moving their muscles, by having them wear virtual reality goggles and giving them tactile feedback on their arms. The idea was to create brain signals that could be picked up by electrodes and used to control the bulky robotic apparatus. Nicolelis was surprised to see that, as people improved their ability to visualize limb movements, they were also regaining some feeling and movement as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His patients had been paralyzed for three to 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the first time in many years they were able to voluntarily control their muscles,\" he says. \"They could move their legs or contract muscles under voluntary control.\" Some people had their level of paralysis upgraded to a less severe rating of \"incomplete paraplegia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This has not been seen before,\" he says. \"I call this an important milestone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.rehabmed.emory.edu/pt/faculty/field-fote.shtml\">Edelle Field-Fote\u003c/a>, director of spinal cord injury research at the Shepherd Center at Emory University, wasn't so rhapsodic. \"I would not say it's unprecedented,\" she tells Shots. \"I'd say the \u003cem>intervention\u003c/em> [used in Brazil] is unprecedented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3-Pronged Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis' therapy involves not just the virtual-reality training; it includes physical therapy and extensive stimulation as the robotic machines move their muscles. \"If you gave anybody [with some remaining spinal cord] 12 months of therapy, you'd see improvement,\" Field-Fote says, even years after an injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes that at the outset of the study, all the participants had some ability to walk — with assistance from crutches, walkers, braces and in some cases human attendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you exercise with the body-weight support and treadmill training, you also get improvements,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.themiamiproject.org/research/faculty/monica-perez/\">Monica Perez\u003c/a>, a scientist at the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis who studies mechanisms involved in the control of human movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question is whether this is superior to previous approaches and which are the mechanisms,\" Perez says. \"This was a long period of training, so it's hard to compare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings from Brazil raise the possibility that more prolonged efforts to restore some movement in paralyzed people could pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the study is plausible and interesting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/find_people/ninds/pdbio_lyn_jakeman.htm\">Dr. Lyn Jakeman\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist who oversees extramural research on spinal cord injury for the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. But she also notes that the participants had so many different interventions, it's not entirely clear whether the visualization exercises or some other combination of factors was responsible for the reported effects. And the study had no control group for comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These independent experts couldn't evaluate the claims Nicolelis made in his press call but didn't include in his published report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis tells reporters that two women in his study who had been paralyzed for more than a decade showed the most improvement. They \"can generate leg movements, move their legs out and in and flex their knees,\" he says. Some of that is captured in a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/9W0LDAK7mZQ\">video\u003c/a> he released with the published study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are continuously improving,\" he says, beyond what he reports in his peer-reviewed paper. One woman now has enough mobility to get out and about, Nicolelis said. \"Now she can sit [and] she can basically drive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis says it's possible that people with even weak muscles in their legs can more easily control the robotic machinery that he and his collaborators are developing. He suspects that residual nerve fibers through the spinal injury are able to carry sensations up to the brain, along with some rudimentary commands from the brain down to the muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers internationally are pursuing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sci/detail_sci.htm\">several different approaches\u003c/a> to treating spinal injuries. Those include drugs to limit the damage caused by an injury, along with various approaches to cell transplantation, as well as electrical stimulation and efforts to retrain the central nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 25 million people worldwide with severe spinal injuries. Nicolelis acknowledges that his experiments have been expensive. But if the virtual reality training is indeed key to the improvements he has documented, that could be the basis of less expensive therapy, he believes. Given the success he has seen with his first eight volunteers, he says, he's planning to expand his research to a new study group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Robot-Like+Machines+Helped+People+With+Spinal+Injuries+Regain+Function&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/M7LPa5JPB-4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/M7LPa5JPB-4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers in Brazil who are trying to help people with spine injuries gain mobility have made a surprising discovery: Injured people doing brain training while interacting with robot-like machines were able to regain some sensation and movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For the first time in many years, eight paralyzed people were able to voluntarily control their muscles.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/srep30383\">findings\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em> (one of the \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> journals), suggest that damaged spinal tissue in some people with paraplegia can be retrained to a certain extent — somewhat the way certain people can regain some brain function following stroke though repetition and practice. In fact, this isn't a new idea for treating injuries of the spinal cord. Even people with severe injuries can regain some sensation and function through physical therapy if some nerve fibers remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eight paralyzed people in the Brazilian study didn't regain enough mobility to support their own weight on their legs, but \u003ca href=\"http://bme.duke.edu/faculty/miguel-nicolelis\">Dr. Miguel Nicolelis\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist and physician with Duke University who led the research, says his experimental subjects did make \"partial recovery\" — improvements that significantly helped their quality of life. They had better control of bowel and bladder functions, he says. Some men were able to have erections and one woman decided to deliver a baby vaginally. \"She could feel the baby for the first time,\" he says. \"She could feel the contractions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study of the first 12 months of training didn't document the most dramatic quality-of-life improvements that Nicolelis announced in a telephone briefing with reporters. But it did describe some of the improvements in sensation and movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis previously garnered worldwide publicity for his work by arranging for one of his patients to kick out a ceremonial soccer ball during the World Cup tournament in Rio de Janeiro in 2014. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/08/320077425/scientist-touts-exoskeleton-that-could-offer-a-chance-to-walk-again\">build-up\u003c/a> for that moment was more dramatic than \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inCvbDLfXBo\">the actual event\u003c/a>. But it did highlight Nicolelis' ambitious efforts to help people with paralysis improve their mobility through robotics, through an international scientific collaboration known as the \u003ca href=\"http://virtualreality.duke.edu/project/walk-again-project/\">Walk Again Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research groups are pursuing similar strategies, and there are several products on the market that help people with spinal cord injuries to walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his work, Nicolelis and his team \u003ca href=\"http://www.nicolelislab.net/\">trained people\u003c/a> with paraplegia to visualize moving their muscles, by having them wear virtual reality goggles and giving them tactile feedback on their arms. The idea was to create brain signals that could be picked up by electrodes and used to control the bulky robotic apparatus. Nicolelis was surprised to see that, as people improved their ability to visualize limb movements, they were also regaining some feeling and movement as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His patients had been paralyzed for three to 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the first time in many years they were able to voluntarily control their muscles,\" he says. \"They could move their legs or contract muscles under voluntary control.\" Some people had their level of paralysis upgraded to a less severe rating of \"incomplete paraplegia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This has not been seen before,\" he says. \"I call this an important milestone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.rehabmed.emory.edu/pt/faculty/field-fote.shtml\">Edelle Field-Fote\u003c/a>, director of spinal cord injury research at the Shepherd Center at Emory University, wasn't so rhapsodic. \"I would not say it's unprecedented,\" she tells Shots. \"I'd say the \u003cem>intervention\u003c/em> [used in Brazil] is unprecedented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3-Pronged Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis' therapy involves not just the virtual-reality training; it includes physical therapy and extensive stimulation as the robotic machines move their muscles. \"If you gave anybody [with some remaining spinal cord] 12 months of therapy, you'd see improvement,\" Field-Fote says, even years after an injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes that at the outset of the study, all the participants had some ability to walk — with assistance from crutches, walkers, braces and in some cases human attendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you exercise with the body-weight support and treadmill training, you also get improvements,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.themiamiproject.org/research/faculty/monica-perez/\">Monica Perez\u003c/a>, a scientist at the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis who studies mechanisms involved in the control of human movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question is whether this is superior to previous approaches and which are the mechanisms,\" Perez says. \"This was a long period of training, so it's hard to compare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings from Brazil raise the possibility that more prolonged efforts to restore some movement in paralyzed people could pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the study is plausible and interesting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/find_people/ninds/pdbio_lyn_jakeman.htm\">Dr. Lyn Jakeman\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist who oversees extramural research on spinal cord injury for the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. But she also notes that the participants had so many different interventions, it's not entirely clear whether the visualization exercises or some other combination of factors was responsible for the reported effects. And the study had no control group for comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These independent experts couldn't evaluate the claims Nicolelis made in his press call but didn't include in his published report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis tells reporters that two women in his study who had been paralyzed for more than a decade showed the most improvement. They \"can generate leg movements, move their legs out and in and flex their knees,\" he says. Some of that is captured in a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/9W0LDAK7mZQ\">video\u003c/a> he released with the published study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are continuously improving,\" he says, beyond what he reports in his peer-reviewed paper. One woman now has enough mobility to get out and about, Nicolelis said. \"Now she can sit [and] she can basically drive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis says it's possible that people with even weak muscles in their legs can more easily control the robotic machinery that he and his collaborators are developing. He suspects that residual nerve fibers through the spinal injury are able to carry sensations up to the brain, along with some rudimentary commands from the brain down to the muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers internationally are pursuing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sci/detail_sci.htm\">several different approaches\u003c/a> to treating spinal injuries. Those include drugs to limit the damage caused by an injury, along with various approaches to cell transplantation, as well as electrical stimulation and efforts to retrain the central nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 25 million people worldwide with severe spinal injuries. Nicolelis acknowledges that his experiments have been expensive. But if the virtual reality training is indeed key to the improvements he has documented, that could be the basis of less expensive therapy, he believes. Given the success he has seen with his first eight volunteers, he says, he's planning to expand his research to a new study group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Robot-Like+Machines+Helped+People+With+Spinal+Injuries+Regain+Function&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The burgeoning field of Virtual Reality — or VR as it is commonly known — is a vehicle for telling stories through 360-degree visuals and sound that put you right in the middle of the action, be it at a crowded \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXHil1TPxvA&feature=youtu.be&t=6m30s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Syrian refugee camp\u003c/a>, or inside the body of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.genworth.com/lets-talk/r70i-aging-experience.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">85-year-old with a bad hip and cataracts\u003c/a>. Because of VR’s immersive properties, some people describe the medium as “the ultimate empathy machine.” But can it make people care about something as fraught and multi-faceted as homelessness?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study in progress at Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://vhil.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a> explores that question, and I strapped on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.oculus.com/en-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oculus Rift\u003c/a> headset (one of the most popular devices people currently use to experience VR) to look for an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A new way of understanding homelessness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, called \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://vhil.stanford.edu/projects/2015/empathy-at-scale/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Empathy at Scale\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> puts participants in a variety of scenes designed to help them imagine the experience of being homeless themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11744366 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"'Empathy at Scale,' a computer simulation developed by Stanford researchers, attempts to help you experience what it is to live as a homeless person.\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-400x240.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-1180x709.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-960x577.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut.jpg 1449w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Empathy at Scale,’ a computer simulation developed by Stanford researchers, attempts to help you experience what it is to live as a homeless person. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy Stanford’s Virtual Human Interaction Lab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike VR that uses 360-degree video, this dramatization looks like a low-fi video game, so it’s hard to mistake it for reality. Even so, my brain responded to the immersive environment to some extent as if I did perceive it as real. When a cop pulled up and trained a flashlight into the car, I physically flinched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who come into our lab and say ‘I knew that was fake the whole time,’” says \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> project manager Elise Ogle. “But for some people, your brain just can’t determine the difference between real life and this powerful visual stimuli that we’re showing you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 22 bus line story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of their research for the project, the creators of \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> incorporated local stories about homelessness. One they found particularly affecting was \u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em>, a short documentary by a Stanford student filmmaker about Valley Transportation Authority \u003ca href=\"http://www.vta.org/routes/rt22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bus line 22\u003c/a>, which runs all night between Palo Alto and San Jose. The line is nicknamed “Hotel 22,” because it’s popular with homeless people looking for a safe alternative to sleeping on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">[vimeo 138190538 w=640 h=360]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/138190538\">\u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em> by Elizabeth Lo\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/shortoftheweek\">Short of the Week\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bus, it turns out, is an ideal virtual reality setting for delivering a variety of stories that show how complex the problem of homelessness is. As the bus travels down the street in the VR world, I click on each passenger, and hear a recording of Ogle telling me how they got on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the back, a man sits with a boy of about 10. “This is a father, Ray, and his son, named Ethan,” Ogle says in a flat, emotionally neutral tone. “Ethan’s mother suffered from a chronic illness and recently passed away. Left with the hospital bills, Ray is in debt. They’re on a family shelter waiting list. So until free spaces become available, they sleep on the bus at night.\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271733576″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Empathy is uncomfortable\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamil Zaki, an assistant professor of psychology at \u003ca href=\"http://ssnl.stanford.edu/\">Stanford’s Social Neuroscience Lab\u003c/a>, helped the VR team design its study, and he says we often go out of our way to avoid feeling empathy. “People are incredibly efficient at cutting the world up into us and them,” Zaki says. “And when they do so, they’re also incredibly efficient at cutting off whoever’s on the other side of that boundary. Even when people acknowledge that someone who’s different from them experiences pain and suffering, they often find ways to blame that individual. They say ‘Well, that person’s having a bad time, but it’s because of the choices that they made. I would never been in that position.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”rSm5iIUjxRt3aztiv3qAbmK9w2V2jhfe”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wearing a VR headset that engages your ears, eyes and even peripheral vision, makes it hard to shut out the pain of the people or avatars in front of you. “Once you understand the world as someone else sees it, and inhabit their inner life, you’re on the hook!” Zaki says. “You now, in essence, have a responsibility to care for that person, and maybe invest in their well-being.”\u003cbr>\nAs University of Southern California VR researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.immersivejournalism.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nonny de la Peña\u003c/a> explained in a recent TED talk, the VR scenario may also force people to confront strong emotions like panic when events occur that they feel powerless to stop. (Even though, physically, you could just take your headset off.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsLz0mRmEG0]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Testing the technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford researchers are looking for a diverse pool of around 1,000 people to test \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> before the end of this year. So they’ve set up a mobile testing unit at places like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tech Museum\u003c/a> in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jhansi Raju, an ophthalmologist from Chicago, tried out the technology while visiting the Tech Museum with her family recently. She found the \u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em> sequence most affecting. “It showed the human side of homelessness,” Raju says. “Everyone’s story was so different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raju was especially moved by the story of Ray and his son Ethan. “For me, having a child and imagining how you could live on a bus with a kid, that was very moving and very sad to see,” Rajus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study tests the level of empathy a user feels after experiencing the VR narratives by asking various questions after he or she goes through the various scenes. It also offers her the option to donate the $10 gift card she got for participating in the study to a local charity. Raju agrees to donate. “I feel like I’m a pretty aware person, in terms of social issues like that,” Raju says. “But going through this process really makes you experience the feelings and the emotions of it.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The burgeoning field of Virtual Reality — or VR as it is commonly known — is a vehicle for telling stories through 360-degree visuals and sound that put you right in the middle of the action, be it at a crowded \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXHil1TPxvA&feature=youtu.be&t=6m30s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Syrian refugee camp\u003c/a>, or inside the body of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.genworth.com/lets-talk/r70i-aging-experience.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">85-year-old with a bad hip and cataracts\u003c/a>. Because of VR’s immersive properties, some people describe the medium as “the ultimate empathy machine.” But can it make people care about something as fraught and multi-faceted as homelessness?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study in progress at Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://vhil.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a> explores that question, and I strapped on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.oculus.com/en-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oculus Rift\u003c/a> headset (one of the most popular devices people currently use to experience VR) to look for an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A new way of understanding homelessness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, called \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://vhil.stanford.edu/projects/2015/empathy-at-scale/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Empathy at Scale\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> puts participants in a variety of scenes designed to help them imagine the experience of being homeless themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11744366 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"'Empathy at Scale,' a computer simulation developed by Stanford researchers, attempts to help you experience what it is to live as a homeless person.\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-400x240.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-1180x709.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-960x577.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut.jpg 1449w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Empathy at Scale,’ a computer simulation developed by Stanford researchers, attempts to help you experience what it is to live as a homeless person. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy Stanford’s Virtual Human Interaction Lab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike VR that uses 360-degree video, this dramatization looks like a low-fi video game, so it’s hard to mistake it for reality. Even so, my brain responded to the immersive environment to some extent as if I did perceive it as real. When a cop pulled up and trained a flashlight into the car, I physically flinched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who come into our lab and say ‘I knew that was fake the whole time,’” says \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> project manager Elise Ogle. “But for some people, your brain just can’t determine the difference between real life and this powerful visual stimuli that we’re showing you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 22 bus line story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of their research for the project, the creators of \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> incorporated local stories about homelessness. One they found particularly affecting was \u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em>, a short documentary by a Stanford student filmmaker about Valley Transportation Authority \u003ca href=\"http://www.vta.org/routes/rt22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bus line 22\u003c/a>, which runs all night between Palo Alto and San Jose. The line is nicknamed “Hotel 22,” because it’s popular with homeless people looking for a safe alternative to sleeping on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/138190538\">\u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em> by Elizabeth Lo\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/shortoftheweek\">Short of the Week\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bus, it turns out, is an ideal virtual reality setting for delivering a variety of stories that show how complex the problem of homelessness is. As the bus travels down the street in the VR world, I click on each passenger, and hear a recording of Ogle telling me how they got on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the back, a man sits with a boy of about 10. “This is a father, Ray, and his son, named Ethan,” Ogle says in a flat, emotionally neutral tone. “Ethan’s mother suffered from a chronic illness and recently passed away. Left with the hospital bills, Ray is in debt. They’re on a family shelter waiting list. So until free spaces become available, they sleep on the bus at night.\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271733576″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271733576″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Empathy is uncomfortable\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamil Zaki, an assistant professor of psychology at \u003ca href=\"http://ssnl.stanford.edu/\">Stanford’s Social Neuroscience Lab\u003c/a>, helped the VR team design its study, and he says we often go out of our way to avoid feeling empathy. “People are incredibly efficient at cutting the world up into us and them,” Zaki says. “And when they do so, they’re also incredibly efficient at cutting off whoever’s on the other side of that boundary. Even when people acknowledge that someone who’s different from them experiences pain and suffering, they often find ways to blame that individual. They say ‘Well, that person’s having a bad time, but it’s because of the choices that they made. I would never been in that position.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wearing a VR headset that engages your ears, eyes and even peripheral vision, makes it hard to shut out the pain of the people or avatars in front of you. “Once you understand the world as someone else sees it, and inhabit their inner life, you’re on the hook!” Zaki says. “You now, in essence, have a responsibility to care for that person, and maybe invest in their well-being.”\u003cbr>\nAs University of Southern California VR researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.immersivejournalism.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nonny de la Peña\u003c/a> explained in a recent TED talk, the VR scenario may also force people to confront strong emotions like panic when events occur that they feel powerless to stop. (Even though, physically, you could just take your headset off.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zsLz0mRmEG0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zsLz0mRmEG0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Testing the technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford researchers are looking for a diverse pool of around 1,000 people to test \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> before the end of this year. So they’ve set up a mobile testing unit at places like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tech Museum\u003c/a> in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jhansi Raju, an ophthalmologist from Chicago, tried out the technology while visiting the Tech Museum with her family recently. She found the \u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em> sequence most affecting. “It showed the human side of homelessness,” Raju says. “Everyone’s story was so different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raju was especially moved by the story of Ray and his son Ethan. “For me, having a child and imagining how you could live on a bus with a kid, that was very moving and very sad to see,” Rajus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study tests the level of empathy a user feels after experiencing the VR narratives by asking various questions after he or she goes through the various scenes. It also offers her the option to donate the $10 gift card she got for participating in the study to a local charity. Raju agrees to donate. “I feel like I’m a pretty aware person, in terms of social issues like that,” Raju says. “But going through this process really makes you experience the feelings and the emotions of it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wandering through booths at a neurogaming conference in downtown San Francisco this week was a little like finding myself in a science fiction infomercial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the the fourth annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.xtechexpo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Experiential Technology & NeuroGaming Conference and Expo\u003c/a>, where I mingled with neuroscientists and inventors, eager to explain the technology behind their multiwired headsets or sleek brain gadgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There is a lot of noise out there and there is really no way for patients, or clinicians or for anyone to know what works and what doesn’t. We really think that FDA is the gold standard to really speak to clinicians.'\u003ccite>Corey McCann, Pear Therapeutics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Products fell into three primary categories:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>This Product Will Improve Your Life:\u003c/strong> In the life enhancement category, there were a number of devices that reps claimed would help me meditate, focus or train more efficiently. In one booth, attendees sat on black leather cushions, eyes closed and listening to guided meditations on black headsets. When listeners became distracted -- as determined by brain wave tracking -- the volume increased. In another booth, athletes tested the virtual reality devices that Stanford quarterbacks are using to help them prepare for games.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>For Entertainment Only:\u003c/strong> PlayStation sponsored the most popular entertainment booth, where a long line of people were buzzing about the upcoming fall release of the company's virtual reality games. When my turn came, the rep tightened my headset, and suddenly I was immersed in the deep of the ocean. When an animated shark opened its giant jaw and swam straight at me, I screamed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>This Product is Therapeutic:\u003c/strong> A number of companies are targeting the medical field through an emerging market called digital therapeutics. Devices, apps and video games were on display targeting more serious mental conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism. Some are even seeking approval from the FDA.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Apps Headed to Hospitals and Clinics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a round-up of four companies who attended. They're offering products your doctor may suggest or even \u003cem>prescribe\u003c/em> in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think this is going to play out a lot like the drug versus supplement route.'\u003ccite>Corey McCann, Pear Therapeutics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_166550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-166550\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/pear-400x244.jpg\" alt=\"pear\" width=\"250\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/pear-400x244.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/pear.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/pear-768x468.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Users can track their medicine with Pear Therapeutics' smartphone app. \u003ccite>(Pear Therapeutics)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://peartherapeutics.com/\">\u003cb>Pear Therapeutics'\u003c/b>\u003c/a> primary product is called Reset. It’s an app that a doctor must prescribe to treat substance abuse or addiction. Patients can log cravings, triggers and drugs, or take learning modules to train themselves in new behaviors. Clinicians can log on and follow the patient’s progress. The app isn't on the market yet because it's been submitted to the FDA for approval. The company has spent about $40 million on five clinical studies with about 1,500 patients. If all goes well, CEO Corey McCann says he expects approval sometime this year. “There is a lot of noise out there and there is really no way for patients, or clinicians or for anyone to know what works and what doesn’t,” says McCann. “We really think that FDA is the gold standard to really speak to clinicians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_166553\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-166553\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-400x184.png\" alt=\"The equipment (computer, headset and software) you'll need to use Vivid Vision. \" width=\"250\" height=\"115\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-400x184.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-800x367.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-768x353.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-1180x542.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-960x441.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle.png 1599w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The equipment (computer, headset and software) you'll need to use Vivid Vision. \u003ccite>(Vivid Vision)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seevividly.com/\">\u003cb>Vivid Vision\u003c/b>\u003c/a> offers 3-D video games for people with lazy eye, cross-eye or \u003ca href=\"http://www.convergenceinsufficiency.org/\" target=\"_blank\">convergence insufficiency\u003c/a>. When you visit the company's website, it directs you to the closest eye clinic that carries the software, which must be prescribed by a doctor. The company was a dream for CEO James Blaha, whose eyes don't align normally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am not a doctor and I haven't proven that my game will work for anyone,\" Blaha told \u003ca href=\"http://www.fastcompany.com/3025877/fast-feed/using-leap-motion-and-oculus-rift-this-game-tries-to-correct-lazy-eye\" target=\"_blank\">Fast Company\u003c/a>. \"That being said, I am working on doing studies to catalog any of the benefits of playing Diplopia, and playing it has improved the vision in my amblyopic eye substantially.\" He says the company eventually will pursue FDA approval because he'd like insurance carriers to be able to reimburse patients for the software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_166554\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-166554\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/2d3d421c-patientvr.png\" alt=\"Patient watching AppliedVR game. \" width=\"250\" height=\"133\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patient watching AppliedVR app. \u003ccite>(Applied VR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.appliedvr.net/\">\u003cb>AppliedVR\u003c/b>\u003c/a> offers two virtual reality apps aimed at reducing patient anxiety or pain through immersive distraction. The app leads a patient into another world to take their mind off a surgery before, during and after the procedure. The company is launching pilot studies in several medical facilities. “We have not yet taken steps toward FDA approval,\" says Josh Sackman, AppliedVR's president. \"We don't believe it's initially necessary given the types of applications we are launching.” He says he's considering seeking FDA approval in the future. Meanwhile, Sackman says the device is being tested in \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm126420.htm\">Institutional Review Board\u003c/a> approved clinical studies with Cedars-Sinai and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_166555\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 139px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-166555\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/evo-phone-400x811.png\" alt=\"Akili's Project Evo smartphone video game.\" width=\"139\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/evo-phone-400x811.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/evo-phone-296x600.png 296w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/evo-phone.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 139px) 100vw, 139px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Akili's Project Evo smartphone video game. \u003ccite>(Alkili)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">\u003cb>Akili Interactive\u003c/b>\u003c/a> developed a video game called Project Evo, which is intended to help players ignore distractions and focus. The company is targeting patients with ADHD, autism, depression and traumatic brain injury. The premise is that improving cognitive skills will in turn, relieve painful symptoms associated with cognitive disorders. The product is in final FDA device trials at 10 clinical sites. CEO Eddie Martucci says the company chose the highly regulated route to assure the end user, clinicians and insurers that the product works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pros and Cons of the FDA Route\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All four of the CEOs listed above were on a panel discussing the merits and risks of choosing FDA approval. They all agreed it depends on money, time and target market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's much quicker to penetrate the market and get your product in the hands of consumers if a company chooses the unregulated route. FDA approval of a medical device can take three to five years, and that's light years in the world of technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the recent government crackdown on the company Lumos Labs points to another risk of not seeking government approval. The Federal Trade Commission penalized Lumos for falsely claiming its online games could delay cognitive impairments like Alzheimer's, dementia and memory loss. The company had to pay $2 million for partial customer refunds and is prohibited from “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/903353/160104lumositystatement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">deceptive conduct in the future\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future of You's Jon Brooks recently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/15/lumosity-cant-prove-claims-say-scientists-but-brain-training-worth-researching/\">reported\u003c/a> on Lumos Labs:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I think claims these companies have been making—and Lumosity is not alone—have been grossly exaggerated,” Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a> told KQED's Jon Brooks recently. “They’re trying to argue that we’re going to take you out of that active world … and that we’re going to put you in a room alone in front of a computer screen and you’ll play a game that will make you smarter, and you’re going to pay us to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This assessment is pretty much in line with the 2014 Stanford Center’s critique of the so-called brain-training industry. Called “\u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry From the Scientific Community\u003c/a>,” it was signed by dozens of scientists in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is little evidence that playing brain games improves underlying broad cognitive abilities,” the analysis said, “or that it enables one to better navigate a complex realm of everyday life.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this is going to play out a lot like the drug versus supplement route,\" says Corey McCann, CEO of Pear Therapeutics. \"There will be some products that have some data and there will probably be a premium price that is associated with them. Physicians will be comfortable using them, and payers will feel comfortable reimbursing for them. And you'll have other products that are not backed by data, and that's the more supplement approach or direct-to-consumer approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wandering through booths at a neurogaming conference in downtown San Francisco this week was a little like finding myself in a science fiction infomercial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the the fourth annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.xtechexpo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Experiential Technology & NeuroGaming Conference and Expo\u003c/a>, where I mingled with neuroscientists and inventors, eager to explain the technology behind their multiwired headsets or sleek brain gadgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There is a lot of noise out there and there is really no way for patients, or clinicians or for anyone to know what works and what doesn’t. We really think that FDA is the gold standard to really speak to clinicians.'\u003ccite>Corey McCann, Pear Therapeutics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Products fell into three primary categories:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>This Product Will Improve Your Life:\u003c/strong> In the life enhancement category, there were a number of devices that reps claimed would help me meditate, focus or train more efficiently. In one booth, attendees sat on black leather cushions, eyes closed and listening to guided meditations on black headsets. When listeners became distracted -- as determined by brain wave tracking -- the volume increased. In another booth, athletes tested the virtual reality devices that Stanford quarterbacks are using to help them prepare for games.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>For Entertainment Only:\u003c/strong> PlayStation sponsored the most popular entertainment booth, where a long line of people were buzzing about the upcoming fall release of the company's virtual reality games. When my turn came, the rep tightened my headset, and suddenly I was immersed in the deep of the ocean. When an animated shark opened its giant jaw and swam straight at me, I screamed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>This Product is Therapeutic:\u003c/strong> A number of companies are targeting the medical field through an emerging market called digital therapeutics. Devices, apps and video games were on display targeting more serious mental conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism. Some are even seeking approval from the FDA.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Apps Headed to Hospitals and Clinics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a round-up of four companies who attended. They're offering products your doctor may suggest or even \u003cem>prescribe\u003c/em> in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think this is going to play out a lot like the drug versus supplement route.'\u003ccite>Corey McCann, Pear Therapeutics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_166550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-166550\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/pear-400x244.jpg\" alt=\"pear\" width=\"250\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/pear-400x244.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/pear.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/pear-768x468.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Users can track their medicine with Pear Therapeutics' smartphone app. \u003ccite>(Pear Therapeutics)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://peartherapeutics.com/\">\u003cb>Pear Therapeutics'\u003c/b>\u003c/a> primary product is called Reset. It’s an app that a doctor must prescribe to treat substance abuse or addiction. Patients can log cravings, triggers and drugs, or take learning modules to train themselves in new behaviors. Clinicians can log on and follow the patient’s progress. The app isn't on the market yet because it's been submitted to the FDA for approval. The company has spent about $40 million on five clinical studies with about 1,500 patients. If all goes well, CEO Corey McCann says he expects approval sometime this year. “There is a lot of noise out there and there is really no way for patients, or clinicians or for anyone to know what works and what doesn’t,” says McCann. “We really think that FDA is the gold standard to really speak to clinicians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_166553\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-166553\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-400x184.png\" alt=\"The equipment (computer, headset and software) you'll need to use Vivid Vision. \" width=\"250\" height=\"115\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-400x184.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-800x367.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-768x353.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-1180x542.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle-960x441.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/Vivid_Vision_for_Amblyopia_Box_and_Bundle.png 1599w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The equipment (computer, headset and software) you'll need to use Vivid Vision. \u003ccite>(Vivid Vision)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seevividly.com/\">\u003cb>Vivid Vision\u003c/b>\u003c/a> offers 3-D video games for people with lazy eye, cross-eye or \u003ca href=\"http://www.convergenceinsufficiency.org/\" target=\"_blank\">convergence insufficiency\u003c/a>. When you visit the company's website, it directs you to the closest eye clinic that carries the software, which must be prescribed by a doctor. The company was a dream for CEO James Blaha, whose eyes don't align normally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am not a doctor and I haven't proven that my game will work for anyone,\" Blaha told \u003ca href=\"http://www.fastcompany.com/3025877/fast-feed/using-leap-motion-and-oculus-rift-this-game-tries-to-correct-lazy-eye\" target=\"_blank\">Fast Company\u003c/a>. \"That being said, I am working on doing studies to catalog any of the benefits of playing Diplopia, and playing it has improved the vision in my amblyopic eye substantially.\" He says the company eventually will pursue FDA approval because he'd like insurance carriers to be able to reimburse patients for the software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_166554\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-166554\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/2d3d421c-patientvr.png\" alt=\"Patient watching AppliedVR game. \" width=\"250\" height=\"133\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patient watching AppliedVR app. \u003ccite>(Applied VR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.appliedvr.net/\">\u003cb>AppliedVR\u003c/b>\u003c/a> offers two virtual reality apps aimed at reducing patient anxiety or pain through immersive distraction. The app leads a patient into another world to take their mind off a surgery before, during and after the procedure. The company is launching pilot studies in several medical facilities. “We have not yet taken steps toward FDA approval,\" says Josh Sackman, AppliedVR's president. \"We don't believe it's initially necessary given the types of applications we are launching.” He says he's considering seeking FDA approval in the future. Meanwhile, Sackman says the device is being tested in \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm126420.htm\">Institutional Review Board\u003c/a> approved clinical studies with Cedars-Sinai and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_166555\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 139px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-166555\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/evo-phone-400x811.png\" alt=\"Akili's Project Evo smartphone video game.\" width=\"139\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/evo-phone-400x811.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/evo-phone-296x600.png 296w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/evo-phone.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 139px) 100vw, 139px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Akili's Project Evo smartphone video game. \u003ccite>(Alkili)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">\u003cb>Akili Interactive\u003c/b>\u003c/a> developed a video game called Project Evo, which is intended to help players ignore distractions and focus. The company is targeting patients with ADHD, autism, depression and traumatic brain injury. The premise is that improving cognitive skills will in turn, relieve painful symptoms associated with cognitive disorders. The product is in final FDA device trials at 10 clinical sites. CEO Eddie Martucci says the company chose the highly regulated route to assure the end user, clinicians and insurers that the product works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pros and Cons of the FDA Route\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All four of the CEOs listed above were on a panel discussing the merits and risks of choosing FDA approval. They all agreed it depends on money, time and target market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's much quicker to penetrate the market and get your product in the hands of consumers if a company chooses the unregulated route. FDA approval of a medical device can take three to five years, and that's light years in the world of technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the recent government crackdown on the company Lumos Labs points to another risk of not seeking government approval. The Federal Trade Commission penalized Lumos for falsely claiming its online games could delay cognitive impairments like Alzheimer's, dementia and memory loss. The company had to pay $2 million for partial customer refunds and is prohibited from “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/903353/160104lumositystatement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">deceptive conduct in the future\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future of You's Jon Brooks recently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/15/lumosity-cant-prove-claims-say-scientists-but-brain-training-worth-researching/\">reported\u003c/a> on Lumos Labs:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I think claims these companies have been making—and Lumosity is not alone—have been grossly exaggerated,” Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a> told KQED's Jon Brooks recently. “They’re trying to argue that we’re going to take you out of that active world … and that we’re going to put you in a room alone in front of a computer screen and you’ll play a game that will make you smarter, and you’re going to pay us to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This assessment is pretty much in line with the 2014 Stanford Center’s critique of the so-called brain-training industry. Called “\u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry From the Scientific Community\u003c/a>,” it was signed by dozens of scientists in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is little evidence that playing brain games improves underlying broad cognitive abilities,” the analysis said, “or that it enables one to better navigate a complex realm of everyday life.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this is going to play out a lot like the drug versus supplement route,\" says Corey McCann, CEO of Pear Therapeutics. \"There will be some products that have some data and there will probably be a premium price that is associated with them. Physicians will be comfortable using them, and payers will feel comfortable reimbursing for them. And you'll have other products that are not backed by data, and that's the more supplement approach or direct-to-consumer approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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