How In Trouble Are Bluefin Tuna, Really? Controversial Study Makes Waves
Should We Close Part Of The Ocean To Keep Fish On The Plate?
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Controversial Study Makes Waves","publishDate":1457542748,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Bluefin tuna have been severely depleted by fishermen, and the fish have become a globally recognized poster child for the impacts of overfishing. Many chefs refuse to serve its rich, buttery flesh; many retailers no longer carry it; and consumers have become increasingly aware of the environmental costs associated with the bluefin fishery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a group of scientists is now making the case that Atlantic bluefin may be more resilient to fishing than commonly thought — and perhaps better able to rebound from the species' depleted state. In \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/04/1525636113.full?sid=a03f6d77-51ee-4209-a5e3-7f43e2f32228\">a paper\u003c/a> published Monday in the journal \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,\u003c/em> the researchers suggest that fishery managers reassess the western Atlantic bluefin's population, which could ultimately allow more of the fish to be caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 co-authors, most of whom are scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, say they've all but confirmed that bluefin tuna spawn in an area of the Atlantic Ocean previously suspected but not known to be a breeding ground. Not only that; the tuna spawning in this area off the Atlantic Coast are much younger and smaller than the age and size at which it was previously believed the fish become sexually mature, according to the scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, their paper claims, would make the western Atlantic bluefin tuna \"less vulnerable to overexploitation and extinction than is currently estimated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the study is controversial. Several tuna researchers we spoke with warned that the results are preliminary, and it's much too soon to use them to guide how fisheries are managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"New science and new information is good. What one has to be careful of is attempting to manage the Atlantic bluefin population from a single study. The situation is always complex,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/about/experts/amanda-nickson\">Amanda Nickson\u003c/a>, director of global tuna conservation at the Pew Charitable Trusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecologist, author and former tuna fisherman \u003ca href=\"http://safinacenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Carl Safina\u003c/a> cautions that the research doesn't change how fishing has already impacted the Atlantic bluefin, which is listed as \u003ca href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21860/0\">endangered\u003c/a> by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. The U.S. federal government considers the species overfished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this is in fact true, that they're spawning in this area [in addition to the Gulf of Mexico] and it wasn't just a one-year occurrence, it's good to know that the potential for recovery is brighter than we would have thought. But it certainly doesn't mean they were less depleted than they've been,\" Safina tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Duke University research scientist \u003ca href=\"https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/boustany\" target=\"_blank\">Andre Boustany\u003c/a>, a bluefin expert who was not involved in the study, says the findings should be used cautiously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the current population of Atlantic bluefin of reproductive age is indeed larger than once believed, that would mean that, historically, there were a lot more spawning bluefin than once thought, Boustany says. And that means that goals for recovery of the Atlantic bluefin would have to be set at a higher level, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we're trying to rebuild the population within a certain time frame, then we might need to actually reduce the amount of fish we're catching now,\" Boustany explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To produce their results, the researchers behind the \u003cem>PNAS\u003c/em> paper dragged a fine-meshed plankton net through a portion of the coastal North Atlantic known as the Slope Sea in 2013. They captured dozens of bluefin tuna larvae no more than 5 or 6 days old. The site is far from known spawning areas in the Gulf of Mexico. That great distance, coupled with the slow speed of the ocean currents, meant only one thing, explains David Richardson, the study's lead author:\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>These young tuna had been born in the immediate vicinity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very clear these fish had not come from the Gulf of Mexico,\" Richardson, a larval fish biologist with the NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center, tells us. \"It's just too far a distance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richardson and his colleagues have also analyzed the movements of adult bluefin tuna tagged with electronic transmitters by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tunalab.org/aboutus.htm\">Large Pelagics Research Center\u003c/a> at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. The tracking data provided evidence that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>western Atlantic bluefin appear to begin spawning at a much younger age than previously believed, when they're about 5 years old, instead of 14 or 15. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found in our tagging data is that really big bluefin swim through the Slope Sea really fast, in three or four days, whereas the smaller bluefin — around 100 pounds to 400 or 500 pounds — are staying in the Slope Sea for about a 20-day duration,\" he says. The suspicion, he elaborates, is that younger, smaller tuna are spawning in the Slope Sea. Then, when they become older and bigger, they begin spawning in the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is significant, because species that don't reach sexual maturity until they're older are considered especially vulnerable to overfishing. That's because such fish may easily be caught years before they've spawned even once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the western Atlantic bluefin are actually spawning much younger than once believed, that should be factored into population assessments, the study authors argue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lowering the age at maturity will increase estimates of spawning stock biomass and will likely lead to higher estimates\" of how much bluefin can be fished sustainably, their paper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/barbara-block\">Barbara Block\u003c/a>, a marine biologist with the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, says the study is \"interesting.\" But she says much more evidence is needed — like actually seeing these sexually mature tuna in the Slope Sea — before it can be concluded that Atlantic bluefin are spawning at a younger age and in a new region than believed before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' conclusions — that perhaps more bluefin can be caught — also have Safina highly skeptical of their study, which he says looks like a ploy by fishery-friendly scientists to create a higher catch allowance for the Atlantic tuna fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email exchange with The Salt, Safina writes, \"[T]heir main concern is not recovery, not conservation, but how their findings can allow additional exploitation and more stress to be inflicted on a very beleaguered creature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.umb.edu/academics/csm/faculty_staff/molly_lutcavage\">Molly Lutcavage,\u003c/a> a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, Boston and a co-author of the \u003cem>PNAS\u003c/em> study, dismissed Safina as an \"enviro bully\" and an ideologue who ignores the science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't do good conservation without good science,\" she told us, responding to Safina's comments. In a \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Tuna/environmental-bullies-how-conservation-ideologues-attack-scientists-who-don-t-agree-with-them-8b48e57385bd#.rhak0pwy1\">post\u003c/a> published Tuesday on Medium, she offers a vehement defense of her research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A study suggests Atlantic bluefin, prized for its buttery flesh, may breed younger, and in more places, than once thought — and it may be time to rethink fishing quotas. Not so fast, critics argue.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457542748,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1100},"headData":{"title":"How In Trouble Are Bluefin Tuna, Really? Controversial Study Makes Waves | KQED","description":"A study suggests Atlantic bluefin, prized for its buttery flesh, may breed younger, and in more places, than once thought — and it may be time to rethink fishing quotas. Not so fast, critics argue.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How In Trouble Are Bluefin Tuna, Really? Controversial Study Makes Waves","datePublished":"2016-03-09T16:59:08.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T16:59:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"107537 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107537","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/09/how-in-trouble-are-bluefin-tuna-really-controversial-study-makes-waves/","disqusTitle":"How In Trouble Are Bluefin Tuna, Really? Controversial Study Makes Waves","nprImageCredit":"Pablo Blazquez Dominguez","nprByline":"Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"469551768","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=469551768&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/08/469551768/how-in-trouble-are-bluefin-tuna-really-controversial-study-makes-waves?ft=nprml&f=469551768","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 08 Mar 2016 18:41:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 08 Mar 2016 18:05:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 08 Mar 2016 18:41:24 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/107537/how-in-trouble-are-bluefin-tuna-really-controversial-study-makes-waves","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bluefin tuna have been severely depleted by fishermen, and the fish have become a globally recognized poster child for the impacts of overfishing. Many chefs refuse to serve its rich, buttery flesh; many retailers no longer carry it; and consumers have become increasingly aware of the environmental costs associated with the bluefin fishery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a group of scientists is now making the case that Atlantic bluefin may be more resilient to fishing than commonly thought — and perhaps better able to rebound from the species' depleted state. In \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/04/1525636113.full?sid=a03f6d77-51ee-4209-a5e3-7f43e2f32228\">a paper\u003c/a> published Monday in the journal \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,\u003c/em> the researchers suggest that fishery managers reassess the western Atlantic bluefin's population, which could ultimately allow more of the fish to be caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 co-authors, most of whom are scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, say they've all but confirmed that bluefin tuna spawn in an area of the Atlantic Ocean previously suspected but not known to be a breeding ground. Not only that; the tuna spawning in this area off the Atlantic Coast are much younger and smaller than the age and size at which it was previously believed the fish become sexually mature, according to the scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, their paper claims, would make the western Atlantic bluefin tuna \"less vulnerable to overexploitation and extinction than is currently estimated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the study is controversial. Several tuna researchers we spoke with warned that the results are preliminary, and it's much too soon to use them to guide how fisheries are managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"New science and new information is good. What one has to be careful of is attempting to manage the Atlantic bluefin population from a single study. The situation is always complex,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/about/experts/amanda-nickson\">Amanda Nickson\u003c/a>, director of global tuna conservation at the Pew Charitable Trusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecologist, author and former tuna fisherman \u003ca href=\"http://safinacenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Carl Safina\u003c/a> cautions that the research doesn't change how fishing has already impacted the Atlantic bluefin, which is listed as \u003ca href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21860/0\">endangered\u003c/a> by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. The U.S. federal government considers the species overfished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this is in fact true, that they're spawning in this area [in addition to the Gulf of Mexico] and it wasn't just a one-year occurrence, it's good to know that the potential for recovery is brighter than we would have thought. But it certainly doesn't mean they were less depleted than they've been,\" Safina tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Duke University research scientist \u003ca href=\"https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/boustany\" target=\"_blank\">Andre Boustany\u003c/a>, a bluefin expert who was not involved in the study, says the findings should be used cautiously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the current population of Atlantic bluefin of reproductive age is indeed larger than once believed, that would mean that, historically, there were a lot more spawning bluefin than once thought, Boustany says. And that means that goals for recovery of the Atlantic bluefin would have to be set at a higher level, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we're trying to rebuild the population within a certain time frame, then we might need to actually reduce the amount of fish we're catching now,\" Boustany explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To produce their results, the researchers behind the \u003cem>PNAS\u003c/em> paper dragged a fine-meshed plankton net through a portion of the coastal North Atlantic known as the Slope Sea in 2013. They captured dozens of bluefin tuna larvae no more than 5 or 6 days old. The site is far from known spawning areas in the Gulf of Mexico. That great distance, coupled with the slow speed of the ocean currents, meant only one thing, explains David Richardson, the study's lead author:\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>These young tuna had been born in the immediate vicinity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very clear these fish had not come from the Gulf of Mexico,\" Richardson, a larval fish biologist with the NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center, tells us. \"It's just too far a distance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richardson and his colleagues have also analyzed the movements of adult bluefin tuna tagged with electronic transmitters by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tunalab.org/aboutus.htm\">Large Pelagics Research Center\u003c/a> at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. The tracking data provided evidence that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>western Atlantic bluefin appear to begin spawning at a much younger age than previously believed, when they're about 5 years old, instead of 14 or 15. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found in our tagging data is that really big bluefin swim through the Slope Sea really fast, in three or four days, whereas the smaller bluefin — around 100 pounds to 400 or 500 pounds — are staying in the Slope Sea for about a 20-day duration,\" he says. The suspicion, he elaborates, is that younger, smaller tuna are spawning in the Slope Sea. Then, when they become older and bigger, they begin spawning in the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is significant, because species that don't reach sexual maturity until they're older are considered especially vulnerable to overfishing. That's because such fish may easily be caught years before they've spawned even once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the western Atlantic bluefin are actually spawning much younger than once believed, that should be factored into population assessments, the study authors argue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lowering the age at maturity will increase estimates of spawning stock biomass and will likely lead to higher estimates\" of how much bluefin can be fished sustainably, their paper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/barbara-block\">Barbara Block\u003c/a>, a marine biologist with the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, says the study is \"interesting.\" But she says much more evidence is needed — like actually seeing these sexually mature tuna in the Slope Sea — before it can be concluded that Atlantic bluefin are spawning at a younger age and in a new region than believed before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' conclusions — that perhaps more bluefin can be caught — also have Safina highly skeptical of their study, which he says looks like a ploy by fishery-friendly scientists to create a higher catch allowance for the Atlantic tuna fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email exchange with The Salt, Safina writes, \"[T]heir main concern is not recovery, not conservation, but how their findings can allow additional exploitation and more stress to be inflicted on a very beleaguered creature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.umb.edu/academics/csm/faculty_staff/molly_lutcavage\">Molly Lutcavage,\u003c/a> a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, Boston and a co-author of the \u003cem>PNAS\u003c/em> study, dismissed Safina as an \"enviro bully\" and an ideologue who ignores the science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't do good conservation without good science,\" she told us, responding to Safina's comments. In a \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Tuna/environmental-bullies-how-conservation-ideologues-attack-scientists-who-don-t-agree-with-them-8b48e57385bd#.rhak0pwy1\">post\u003c/a> published Tuesday on Medium, she offers a vehement defense of her research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107537/how-in-trouble-are-bluefin-tuna-really-controversial-study-makes-waves","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107537"],"categories":["bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_15338","bayareabites_13635","bayareabites_836","bayareabites_8932","bayareabites_13239","bayareabites_14742"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107538","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_79949":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_79949","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"79949","score":null,"sort":[1396487874000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"should-we-close-part-of-the-ocean-to-keep-fish-on-the-plate","title":"Should We Close Part Of The Ocean To Keep Fish On The Plate?","publishDate":1396487874,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79951\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/fish_wide-233e0e586d59426d6c3ca7475e2f2796117db032.jpe\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/fish_wide-233e0e586d59426d6c3ca7475e2f2796117db032.jpe\" alt='Frozen tuna in the hold of the Chinese ship \"Heng Xing 1\" in an area of international waters near the exclusive economic zone of Indonesia, 14 November 2012. Photo: Alex Hofford/EPA /LANDOV' width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79951\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frozen tuna in the hold of the Chinese ship \"Heng Xing 1\" in an area of international waters near the exclusive economic zone of Indonesia, 14 November 2012. Photo: Alex Hofford/EPA /LANDOV\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297840486/should-we-close-part-of-the-ocean-to-keep-fish-on-the-plate\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For lovers of fatty tuna belly, canned albacore and swordfish kebabs, here's a question: Would you be willing to give them up for several years so that you could eat them perhaps for the rest of your life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a new proposal to ban fishing on the open ocean were to fly, that's essentially what we might be faced with. It's an idea that might help restore the populations of several rapidly disappearing fish – like tuna, swordfish and marlin — that we, and future generations, might like to continue to have as a food source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The novel conservation plan, introduced recently in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001826?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+plosbiology%2FNewArticles+(PLOS+Biology+-+New+Articles\" target=\"_blank\">paper\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLoS Biology\u003c/em>, would close international waters – where there's currently pretty much a fishing free-for-all — to all fishing and restrict commercial fishermen to coastal areas managed by individual nations. The authors, \u003ca href=\"http://www.marine.calpoly.edu/community/faculty/crow-white.php\">Crow White\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://fiesta.bren.ucsb.edu/~costello/\">Christopher Costello\u003c/a>, suggest turning the open ocean into a worldwide reserve for the migratory species that travel huge distances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reserve would give these fish populations to chance to rebound. And the fish that strayed into coastal national waters, where fishing would remain legal, could meanwhile be caught by fishermen. Overall, under such a plan, fish populations would grow healthier, fishing would become a more lucrative business and we would have more fish to eat, the researchers argue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let's face it: Closing off most of the ocean to fishing boats would be a pretty drastic move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as White, a marine biologist at the California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, notes, the policies we currently have in place to regulate fisheries — catch quotas, seasonal closures and minimum size limits — aren't working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're already failing to create, much less enforce, other fishery regulations on the high seas,\" White tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1671px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/journal.pbio_.1001826.g001_wide-c78df98252452e9bf258a6bbf45688cc187c88a3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/journal.pbio_.1001826.g001_wide-c78df98252452e9bf258a6bbf45688cc187c88a3.jpg\" alt=\"A global map of exclusive economic zones (green), where fishing would be allowed, and high seas (blue), where fishing would be banned, under the proposal from researchers Crow White and Christopher Costello. Image: PLoS Biology\" width=\"1671\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79952\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A global map of exclusive economic zones (green), where fishing would be allowed, and high seas (blue), where fishing would be banned, under the proposal from researchers Crow White and Christopher Costello. Image: \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001826;jsessionid=68BD688545DAD3920262C5B271F65DCC\">PLoS Biology\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \"high seas,\" according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, are international waters more than 200 miles from land that make up 64 percent of ocean's surface and 95 percent of its volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these waters, millions of tunas, sharks and billfish every year are hauled onto enormous industrial-scale fishing vessels at a rate faster than they can reproduce. Tunas are a main target of high seas fishing boats, with species like the Atlantic bluefin, albacore and bigeye especially impacted by overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costello, an environmental and resource economist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, tells The Salt that populations of these fish could start rebounding within five or ten years of enacting a high seas fishing ban. He says catches — and availability for consumers — would decline for only a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By catching less fish in the short run we'd be able to catch more fish every year on a sustainable basis forever,\" he says. \"This has huge implications for food security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79950\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/141293587_wide-cf549c92fd88000de6b4544acc2b6d5930b7467a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/141293587_wide-cf549c92fd88000de6b4544acc2b6d5930b7467a-290x162.jpg\" alt='A tuna fishing boat drags a cage of nets on the Mediterranean sea in 2010. (The Mediterranean is not considered to be part of the \"high seas.\") Photo: Andreas Solaro/AFP/Getty Images' width=\"290\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-79950\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tuna fishing boat drags a cage of nets on the Mediterranean sea in 2010. (The Mediterranean is not considered to be part of the \"high seas.\") Photo: Andreas Solaro/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enforcement could be relatively simple, too, says White — with the help of satellites. Any large ship observed moving slowly, meandering in circles or simply drifting in international waters would be considered suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White and Costello expect some nations — like Spain, China and Japan, which have major investments in fishing fleets in international waters — to resist the idea of a ban. White says that Spain, especially, could be impacted because, while it currently relies heavily on offshore fish populations, it has relatively little of its own national waters to exploit.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White and Costello aren't the only ones raising the idea of a fishing ban in international waters. Martin Stuchtey, with the global management consulting firm McKinsey & Company, recently argued that high seas fishing operations are overall a losing endeavor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/economist-ban-of-high-seas-fishing-saves-2-per-person-on-the-planet-2014-2\">as reported by AFP\u003c/a>. Fishing on the high seas is often supported with subsidies. But Stuchtey calculated that closing the high seas would cost every person on earth $2 but would ultimately give them a return of $4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There could be unintended environmental consequences, however. Gib Brogan, fisheries campaign manager with Oceana, wonders if restricting the global fishing fleet to nearshore waters could have adverse effects on fishes like flounder, snapper and grouper that occupy these waters year round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we swap diffuse fishing across a wide swath of ocean for intense fishing on the edges and near shore, will this be a good thing or will it just concentrate the effects near shore?\" Brogan says in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costello, the environmental economist, says no, because overfishing of nearshore species could be avoided if each nation steps up to manage its own resources and protect them from foreign plundering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costello and White are now taking the next step toward a high seas fishing ban by trying to determine precisely how such a measure might affect individual nations, certain fish species and seafood consumers. Costello expects that research to be published in about a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All big ideas have to start somewhere,\" White says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tuna, swordfish and other migratory fishes are being overfished by vessels on the high seas. A new proposal says we should close these international waters for a few years to let the fishes rebound.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1396487874,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":928},"headData":{"title":"Should We Close Part Of The Ocean To Keep Fish On The Plate? | KQED","description":"Tuna, swordfish and other migratory fishes are being overfished by vessels on the high seas. A new proposal says we should close these international waters for a few years to let the fishes rebound.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Should We Close Part Of The Ocean To Keep Fish On The Plate?","datePublished":"2014-04-03T01:17:54.000Z","dateModified":"2014-04-03T01:17:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"79949 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=79949","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/04/02/should-we-close-part-of-the-ocean-to-keep-fish-on-the-plate/","disqusTitle":"Should We Close Part Of The Ocean To Keep Fish On The Plate?","nprByline":"Alastair Bland","nprStoryId":"297840486","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=297840486&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297840486/should-we-close-part-of-the-ocean-to-keep-fish-on-the-plate?ft=3&f=297840486","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 02 Apr 2014 17:55:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 02 Apr 2014 15:27:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 02 Apr 2014 17:55:50 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/79949/should-we-close-part-of-the-ocean-to-keep-fish-on-the-plate","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79951\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/fish_wide-233e0e586d59426d6c3ca7475e2f2796117db032.jpe\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/fish_wide-233e0e586d59426d6c3ca7475e2f2796117db032.jpe\" alt='Frozen tuna in the hold of the Chinese ship \"Heng Xing 1\" in an area of international waters near the exclusive economic zone of Indonesia, 14 November 2012. Photo: Alex Hofford/EPA /LANDOV' width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79951\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frozen tuna in the hold of the Chinese ship \"Heng Xing 1\" in an area of international waters near the exclusive economic zone of Indonesia, 14 November 2012. Photo: Alex Hofford/EPA /LANDOV\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297840486/should-we-close-part-of-the-ocean-to-keep-fish-on-the-plate\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For lovers of fatty tuna belly, canned albacore and swordfish kebabs, here's a question: Would you be willing to give them up for several years so that you could eat them perhaps for the rest of your life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a new proposal to ban fishing on the open ocean were to fly, that's essentially what we might be faced with. It's an idea that might help restore the populations of several rapidly disappearing fish – like tuna, swordfish and marlin — that we, and future generations, might like to continue to have as a food source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The novel conservation plan, introduced recently in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001826?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+plosbiology%2FNewArticles+(PLOS+Biology+-+New+Articles\" target=\"_blank\">paper\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLoS Biology\u003c/em>, would close international waters – where there's currently pretty much a fishing free-for-all — to all fishing and restrict commercial fishermen to coastal areas managed by individual nations. The authors, \u003ca href=\"http://www.marine.calpoly.edu/community/faculty/crow-white.php\">Crow White\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://fiesta.bren.ucsb.edu/~costello/\">Christopher Costello\u003c/a>, suggest turning the open ocean into a worldwide reserve for the migratory species that travel huge distances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reserve would give these fish populations to chance to rebound. And the fish that strayed into coastal national waters, where fishing would remain legal, could meanwhile be caught by fishermen. Overall, under such a plan, fish populations would grow healthier, fishing would become a more lucrative business and we would have more fish to eat, the researchers argue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let's face it: Closing off most of the ocean to fishing boats would be a pretty drastic move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as White, a marine biologist at the California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, notes, the policies we currently have in place to regulate fisheries — catch quotas, seasonal closures and minimum size limits — aren't working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're already failing to create, much less enforce, other fishery regulations on the high seas,\" White tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1671px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/journal.pbio_.1001826.g001_wide-c78df98252452e9bf258a6bbf45688cc187c88a3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/journal.pbio_.1001826.g001_wide-c78df98252452e9bf258a6bbf45688cc187c88a3.jpg\" alt=\"A global map of exclusive economic zones (green), where fishing would be allowed, and high seas (blue), where fishing would be banned, under the proposal from researchers Crow White and Christopher Costello. Image: PLoS Biology\" width=\"1671\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79952\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A global map of exclusive economic zones (green), where fishing would be allowed, and high seas (blue), where fishing would be banned, under the proposal from researchers Crow White and Christopher Costello. Image: \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001826;jsessionid=68BD688545DAD3920262C5B271F65DCC\">PLoS Biology\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \"high seas,\" according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, are international waters more than 200 miles from land that make up 64 percent of ocean's surface and 95 percent of its volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these waters, millions of tunas, sharks and billfish every year are hauled onto enormous industrial-scale fishing vessels at a rate faster than they can reproduce. Tunas are a main target of high seas fishing boats, with species like the Atlantic bluefin, albacore and bigeye especially impacted by overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costello, an environmental and resource economist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, tells The Salt that populations of these fish could start rebounding within five or ten years of enacting a high seas fishing ban. He says catches — and availability for consumers — would decline for only a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By catching less fish in the short run we'd be able to catch more fish every year on a sustainable basis forever,\" he says. \"This has huge implications for food security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79950\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/141293587_wide-cf549c92fd88000de6b4544acc2b6d5930b7467a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/141293587_wide-cf549c92fd88000de6b4544acc2b6d5930b7467a-290x162.jpg\" alt='A tuna fishing boat drags a cage of nets on the Mediterranean sea in 2010. (The Mediterranean is not considered to be part of the \"high seas.\") Photo: Andreas Solaro/AFP/Getty Images' width=\"290\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-79950\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tuna fishing boat drags a cage of nets on the Mediterranean sea in 2010. (The Mediterranean is not considered to be part of the \"high seas.\") Photo: Andreas Solaro/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enforcement could be relatively simple, too, says White — with the help of satellites. Any large ship observed moving slowly, meandering in circles or simply drifting in international waters would be considered suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White and Costello expect some nations — like Spain, China and Japan, which have major investments in fishing fleets in international waters — to resist the idea of a ban. White says that Spain, especially, could be impacted because, while it currently relies heavily on offshore fish populations, it has relatively little of its own national waters to exploit.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White and Costello aren't the only ones raising the idea of a fishing ban in international waters. Martin Stuchtey, with the global management consulting firm McKinsey & Company, recently argued that high seas fishing operations are overall a losing endeavor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/economist-ban-of-high-seas-fishing-saves-2-per-person-on-the-planet-2014-2\">as reported by AFP\u003c/a>. Fishing on the high seas is often supported with subsidies. But Stuchtey calculated that closing the high seas would cost every person on earth $2 but would ultimately give them a return of $4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There could be unintended environmental consequences, however. Gib Brogan, fisheries campaign manager with Oceana, wonders if restricting the global fishing fleet to nearshore waters could have adverse effects on fishes like flounder, snapper and grouper that occupy these waters year round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we swap diffuse fishing across a wide swath of ocean for intense fishing on the edges and near shore, will this be a good thing or will it just concentrate the effects near shore?\" Brogan says in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costello, the environmental economist, says no, because overfishing of nearshore species could be avoided if each nation steps up to manage its own resources and protect them from foreign plundering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costello and White are now taking the next step toward a high seas fishing ban by trying to determine precisely how such a measure might affect individual nations, certain fish species and seafood consumers. Costello expects that research to be published in about a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All big ideas have to start somewhere,\" White says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/79949/should-we-close-part-of-the-ocean-to-keep-fish-on-the-plate","authors":["byline_bayareabites_79949"],"categories":["bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_376","bayareabites_13239","bayareabites_323","bayareabites_12538","bayareabites_10921","bayareabites_1956"],"featImg":"bayareabites_79955","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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