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"content": "\u003cp>Eric Smith has just gained new appreciation for the pancreas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “so unassuming,” he says. Pulling the pancreas out of the gastrointestinal tract and holding it in mid-air, he regards it with a sense of awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In surgery people always say don’t touch the pancreas, and I thought it would be this ugly thing. ... But it is cute. It looks like a shrimp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Medical schools are weighing the advantages of teaching students anatomy with the help of virtual reality.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Smith, a first year medical student at UC San Francisco, then tucks the “cute” organ back in place, between the liver and the large intestine. He’s not using gloves, a scalpel or a surgical mask. Instead of having a cadaver in front of him, he’s moving around a large room in a 3-D headset. On the wall-mounted 72-inch screen in UCSF’s virtual anatomy learning center Smith sees a skeleton with stomach, intestines and liver attached to the bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fellow student Sheyda Aboii is helping him study the digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7355EazHRrQLdJAifTzwdkXCkQhYWDkV\"]“The coronary ligament attaches the liver to what structure?” Aboii asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anterior abdominal wall?” Smith hesitates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No.” Aboii responds. “What lies right above?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, the diaphragm!” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith and Aboii are part of a new generation of doctors-in-training who are learning anatomy with the help of Virtual Reality. The VR lessons allow students to see a complete three dimensional picture of body parts, easily move virtual organs in and out of the body and memorize medical terms — each organ displays its name tag once you hover over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Running a 3-D learning center is also less expensive than a cadaver lab and less toxic to be around, say proponents. However, some medical professors believe the benefits of learning anatomy through real bodies will never be replaced. VR doesn’t give students the same experience they get from a human body with its unique structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>VR Arrives on the Scene\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For over a 100 years medical students in the United States have been studying anatomy on cadavers. Curriculums hadn’t really changed much until about five or six years ago, with the introduction of VR technology as a new educational option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Harmon, an assistant adjunct professor at UCSF’s Department of Anatomy, who has been teaching the VR course for over a year, says virtual reality brings an important technological innovation to medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can walk around the virtual model in the 3-D space getting the 360-degree view of the body they can’t get in the lab: the cadaver lies facing up or down providing only a 180-degree view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dissecting virtual organs and tissues is easier, and does not require surgical finesse. Students can move tissues apart and back together as many times as they want, while in the lab they have to keep organs in place so the next group of students can study on the same body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two women in a room with a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stacey Yu, assistant manager of the anatomy lab at UCSF, guides Sheyda Aboii, a student, while she uses virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sometimes virtual reality can give students motion sickness, but Harmon says it only affects about 20 percent of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A virtual learning center may also be a healthier place to study, as it has no smell of formaldehyde used for embalming dead bodies. Formaldehyde inhalation triggers dry mouth, eye and throat irritation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 3-D space revolution has already engulfed dozens of American medical colleges that have introduced not only virtual, but also augmented and mixed reality to their curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Nebraska Medical Center teaches on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpkiKzNnJ1w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual dissection tables\u003c/a>; California’s Western University is actively using holographic displays and Oculus rift stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western University’s College of Dental Medicine built their \u003ca href=\"https://westernu.smugmug.com/Virtual-Reality-Learning/i-PNhZJzK/A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual reality learning center\u003c/a> for just about $120,000, while the cost of maintaining the cadaver lab runs at about $2 to 4 million a year, according to the college Associate Dean of Simulation, Immersion and Digital Learning Robert W. Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasel is one of the most vocal critics of cadaver labs, because of their high operational cost and use of toxic chemicals like formaldehyde recognized by the American Cancer Society as carcinogenic. Chemical compounds used for embalming bodies have not changed in 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also questions learning efficiency in cadaver labs. He says students leave the bodies so “hacked up” that it is hard to recognize organs and tissues. As a result, “students make mistakes, and you can't recover,” says Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hasel, since Western University introduced VR technology in its curriculum about five years ago, students’ grades on their anatomical sciences national board exams have gone up 15 to 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two students, one with a VR headset on.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medical students Sheyda Aboii (left) and Eric Smith use virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Traditional Anatomy Classes Here to Stay, For Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers don’t convince Douglas Gross, professor of cell biology and human anatomy at UC Davis, who likes to stick to the good old practice. He has been teaching anatomy for 42 years and believes that 3-D could be valuable adjunct, but not a replacement for studying a human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says programs that try to get rid of their dissection studying labs are doomed to a “pretty dismal failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross says it is important for students to touch and feel a real human body as they learn anatomy, literally squeeze the organs in their fingers. Lack of this tangible experience won’t allow them to become good doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, “changing curriculum in a medical school is like moving a glacier,” says Gross. Faculty members, scientists and clinicians often have different opinions on teaching strategies. And even small changes take a lot of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>An Appreciation for Cadavers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboii just like the majority of medical students at UCSF welcomes VR lessons. But she sees them as a useful fun tool and doesn’t admire them as much as she does the traditional anatomy classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A GI track appears on a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VR anatomy lessons are gaining popularity, but traditional learning using cadavers isn't going away any time soon. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says the smell of formaldehyde doesn’t bother her. And knowing that the bodies students work on were donated for research and education fills her respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a certain gravity to that,” Aboii says. “Each of the cadavers is unique. In life, they were unique human beings, and now they are unique donations. For a trainee, like myself, it's good to start getting used to that spectrum of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"FwbyNhLT7uzLhRDlXYonilNTpUsv3z8Y\"]Virtual lessons help memorize and review, but they don’t show “the unique human variability,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get almost like an average idealized artistic rendering of what the human body looks like,” says Aboii. However in real life things might be different. Arteries, for example, may not always be connected in the same way on a cadaver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmon is convinced cadaver labs are here to stay, at least for now, but the number of VR platforms in medical schools will skyrocket in the next couple of years and will be especially useful for medical professions that use a lot of 3-D scans in their practice, like radiologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“VR in medicine is going to explode,\" says Harmon. \"And it is exciting.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“The coronary ligament attaches the liver to what structure?” Aboii asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anterior abdominal wall?” Smith hesitates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No.” Aboii responds. “What lies right above?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, the diaphragm!” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith and Aboii are part of a new generation of doctors-in-training who are learning anatomy with the help of Virtual Reality. The VR lessons allow students to see a complete three dimensional picture of body parts, easily move virtual organs in and out of the body and memorize medical terms — each organ displays its name tag once you hover over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Running a 3-D learning center is also less expensive than a cadaver lab and less toxic to be around, say proponents. However, some medical professors believe the benefits of learning anatomy through real bodies will never be replaced. VR doesn’t give students the same experience they get from a human body with its unique structure.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4z3zdjbZdQU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>VR Arrives on the Scene\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For over a 100 years medical students in the United States have been studying anatomy on cadavers. Curriculums hadn’t really changed much until about five or six years ago, with the introduction of VR technology as a new educational option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Harmon, an assistant adjunct professor at UCSF’s Department of Anatomy, who has been teaching the VR course for over a year, says virtual reality brings an important technological innovation to medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can walk around the virtual model in the 3-D space getting the 360-degree view of the body they can’t get in the lab: the cadaver lies facing up or down providing only a 180-degree view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dissecting virtual organs and tissues is easier, and does not require surgical finesse. Students can move tissues apart and back together as many times as they want, while in the lab they have to keep organs in place so the next group of students can study on the same body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two women in a room with a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29317_ANATOMYVR_020818_037-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stacey Yu, assistant manager of the anatomy lab at UCSF, guides Sheyda Aboii, a student, while she uses virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sometimes virtual reality can give students motion sickness, but Harmon says it only affects about 20 percent of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A virtual learning center may also be a healthier place to study, as it has no smell of formaldehyde used for embalming dead bodies. Formaldehyde inhalation triggers dry mouth, eye and throat irritation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 3-D space revolution has already engulfed dozens of American medical colleges that have introduced not only virtual, but also augmented and mixed reality to their curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Nebraska Medical Center teaches on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpkiKzNnJ1w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual dissection tables\u003c/a>; California’s Western University is actively using holographic displays and Oculus rift stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western University’s College of Dental Medicine built their \u003ca href=\"https://westernu.smugmug.com/Virtual-Reality-Learning/i-PNhZJzK/A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual reality learning center\u003c/a> for just about $120,000, while the cost of maintaining the cadaver lab runs at about $2 to 4 million a year, according to the college Associate Dean of Simulation, Immersion and Digital Learning Robert W. Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasel is one of the most vocal critics of cadaver labs, because of their high operational cost and use of toxic chemicals like formaldehyde recognized by the American Cancer Society as carcinogenic. Chemical compounds used for embalming bodies have not changed in 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also questions learning efficiency in cadaver labs. He says students leave the bodies so “hacked up” that it is hard to recognize organs and tissues. As a result, “students make mistakes, and you can't recover,” says Hasel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hasel, since Western University introduced VR technology in its curriculum about five years ago, students’ grades on their anatomical sciences national board exams have gone up 15 to 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Two students, one with a VR headset on.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29319_ANATOMYVR_020818_025-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medical students Sheyda Aboii (left) and Eric Smith use virtual reality to study the GI, or digestive, system at the UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Traditional Anatomy Classes Here to Stay, For Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers don’t convince Douglas Gross, professor of cell biology and human anatomy at UC Davis, who likes to stick to the good old practice. He has been teaching anatomy for 42 years and believes that 3-D could be valuable adjunct, but not a replacement for studying a human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says programs that try to get rid of their dissection studying labs are doomed to a “pretty dismal failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross says it is important for students to touch and feel a real human body as they learn anatomy, literally squeeze the organs in their fingers. Lack of this tangible experience won’t allow them to become good doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, “changing curriculum in a medical school is like moving a glacier,” says Gross. Faculty members, scientists and clinicians often have different opinions on teaching strategies. And even small changes take a lot of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>An Appreciation for Cadavers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboii just like the majority of medical students at UCSF welcomes VR lessons. But she sees them as a useful fun tool and doesn’t admire them as much as she does the traditional anatomy classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-440359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A GI track appears on a large screen.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi.jpg 539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/RS29325_ANATOMYVR_020818_030-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VR anatomy lessons are gaining popularity, but traditional learning using cadavers isn't going away any time soon. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says the smell of formaldehyde doesn’t bother her. And knowing that the bodies students work on were donated for research and education fills her respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a certain gravity to that,” Aboii says. “Each of the cadavers is unique. In life, they were unique human beings, and now they are unique donations. For a trainee, like myself, it's good to start getting used to that spectrum of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Virtual lessons help memorize and review, but they don’t show “the unique human variability,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get almost like an average idealized artistic rendering of what the human body looks like,” says Aboii. However in real life things might be different. Arteries, for example, may not always be connected in the same way on a cadaver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmon is convinced cadaver labs are here to stay, at least for now, but the number of VR platforms in medical schools will skyrocket in the next couple of years and will be especially useful for medical professions that use a lot of 3-D scans in their practice, like radiologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“VR in medicine is going to explode,\" says Harmon. \"And it is exciting.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UCSF Gets Another $500 Million Donation",
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"content": "\u003cp>Getting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million donation\u003c/a> is the stuff of dreams for a university head. In January 2017, when UCSF announced that the Helen Diller Foundation was contributing a half-billion dollars, school Chancellor Sam Hawgood said, “I have to pinch myself every time I think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood’s going to have to keep pinching. The Helen Diller Foundation has now doubled down on its gift to the university with another $500 million donation. The funds will be used to build a new, state of the art hospital at UCSF's Parnassus Heights campus by 2030. The new hospital will be built on the site currently occupied by the Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital, which will be torn down. Langley outpatient services will be relocated to a new building in San Francisco's Dogpatch neighborhood; inpatient services will remain somewhere on the Parnassus campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood called the donation \"transformative\" and \"beyond my wildest expectations,\" not to mention \"an exhilarating experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn’t be more delighted for what it means for the patients we will care for for generations to come,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new funds will bring the foundation’s total donations to the university to roughly $1.15 billion, putting the school right at the top of of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/Major-Private-Gifts-to-Higher/128264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of academic institutions that have received massive funds from a single organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF, part of the University of California system, includes schools of medicine, dentistry, nursing and pharmacy. The entire institution is dedicated to health sciences and biomedicine. Tracing its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/history-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">roots\u003c/a> back to 1864, the university has five Nobel Prize winners on staff, and an impressive portfolio of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/achievements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific achievements\u003c/a>, including the discovery of vitamin E back in 1923 and the co-discovery of HIV in 1983.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new hospital at Parnassus Heights will take over inpatient care now administered in UCSF's Moffitt building, part of the Moffitt-Long Hospital at \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/505+Parnassus+Ave,+San+Francisco,+CA+94143/@37.7630895,-122.4600031,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8085875762cbdad5:0x30442fa9192ab3e1!8m2!3d37.7630895!4d-122.4578144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">505 Parnassus Avenue\u003c/a>. Without retrofitting, Moffitt would no longer be able to house patients after 2030, according to state law. The new hospital will also be part of UCSF Health, the health care network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/10/136716/ucsf-health-system-expand-care-throughout-bay-area-and-beyond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched\u003c/a> by the university in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, the university opened a more modern campus in San Francisco's Mission Bay neighborhood. The school is just now beginning a year-long planning process to upgrade the Parnassus Heights site. Renovations are part of a $5 billion fundraising campaign, which includes the Diller donation for the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of the campus was built between 1950 and the mid-1970s. So the facilities are showing their age,\" Hawgood said. \"We’ll be looking to refurbish many of the research buildings ... Science has moved on; the need for different kinds of facilities are also required.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Diller Largesse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pushed back the announcement about the donation a couple of days out of respect for the Diller family, who saw its partriarch, Sanford Diller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Real-estate-developer-philanthropist-Sanford-12553646.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">die\u003c/a> last Friday at the age of 89. Diller was a billionaire who made his money as founder of the Prometheus Real Estate Group, one of the largest owners of apartment buildings in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife, Helen, who died in 2015, established the Helen Diller Family Foundation in 1999. In 2003, the foundation donated $35 million to create the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Care Center, at UCSF's Mission Bay Campus. Back then, $35 million was the largest gift by a single donor in UCSF history. But that amount was dwarfed by the family's whopping $500 million donation in late 2015. At the time, it was matched only by \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million gifts\u003c/a> to each of two Oregon universities from Nike co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phil Knight\u003c/a>. (Knight also gave $400 million to Stanford in 2016.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A billion-dollars-plus to a single educational institution, albeit a public one, did get us thinking about the issue of\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=effective+philanthrop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> effective philanthropy\u003c/a>. So we reached out for comment to \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/02/16/qa-singer-philosopher-his-craft-and-practicing-it-princeton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Singer\u003c/a>, a philosopher, author and professor of bioethics at Princeton University, who has taken a utilitarian approach to charitable giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it's clearly not the best use of the money,\" he wrote in an email. \"Health is a vital area for philanthropy, but not in an area that is already, by world standards, extraordinarily well-served ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why \u003cem>have\u003c/em> the Dillers showered so much largesse on UCSF?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are native San Franciscans, and are proud to give back to our community,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2003/10/4698/35-million-gift-supports-construction-helen-diller-family-cancer-researc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> Helen Diller, in 2003. “Our family is extremely enthused about cancer research at UCSF. ... (W)e have been presented with the joy of participating in the development of an entirely new section of this very beautiful city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She repeated her feelings of attachment to the city, and to UCSF, in a 2009 interview with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, which provides a good window into some of her motivations. \"I was born in San Francisco at Mount Zion hospital. UCSF is known to have the finest scientists and doctors,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She continued: \"There is a Hebrew expression, '\u003cem>Tikkun olam\u003c/em>,' which means to repair the world. My parents did things in a small way because that is what they could do. Now we are doing what we are able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the initial $500 million Diller donation went toward retaining and recruiting faculty and supporting students at UCSF’s four professional schools, some of it in the form of scholarships. UCSF also created a discretionary $100 million \"innovation fund.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is also known for contributing to Jewish causes, funding UC Berkeley and UC Santa Cruz Jewish studies programs, renovating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julius Kahn\u003c/a> in the Presidio, and a leadership \u003ca href=\"http://dillerteenfellows.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program\u003c/a> for Jewish teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recognition of the latest donation, UCSF has renamed its complex of medical buildings on campus as the UCSF Helen Diller Medical Center at Parnassus Heights.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Getting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million donation\u003c/a> is the stuff of dreams for a university head. In January 2017, when UCSF announced that the Helen Diller Foundation was contributing a half-billion dollars, school Chancellor Sam Hawgood said, “I have to pinch myself every time I think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood’s going to have to keep pinching. The Helen Diller Foundation has now doubled down on its gift to the university with another $500 million donation. The funds will be used to build a new, state of the art hospital at UCSF's Parnassus Heights campus by 2030. The new hospital will be built on the site currently occupied by the Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital, which will be torn down. Langley outpatient services will be relocated to a new building in San Francisco's Dogpatch neighborhood; inpatient services will remain somewhere on the Parnassus campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood called the donation \"transformative\" and \"beyond my wildest expectations,\" not to mention \"an exhilarating experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn’t be more delighted for what it means for the patients we will care for for generations to come,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new funds will bring the foundation’s total donations to the university to roughly $1.15 billion, putting the school right at the top of of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/Major-Private-Gifts-to-Higher/128264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of academic institutions that have received massive funds from a single organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF, part of the University of California system, includes schools of medicine, dentistry, nursing and pharmacy. The entire institution is dedicated to health sciences and biomedicine. Tracing its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/history-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">roots\u003c/a> back to 1864, the university has five Nobel Prize winners on staff, and an impressive portfolio of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/achievements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific achievements\u003c/a>, including the discovery of vitamin E back in 1923 and the co-discovery of HIV in 1983.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new hospital at Parnassus Heights will take over inpatient care now administered in UCSF's Moffitt building, part of the Moffitt-Long Hospital at \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/505+Parnassus+Ave,+San+Francisco,+CA+94143/@37.7630895,-122.4600031,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8085875762cbdad5:0x30442fa9192ab3e1!8m2!3d37.7630895!4d-122.4578144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">505 Parnassus Avenue\u003c/a>. Without retrofitting, Moffitt would no longer be able to house patients after 2030, according to state law. The new hospital will also be part of UCSF Health, the health care network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/10/136716/ucsf-health-system-expand-care-throughout-bay-area-and-beyond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched\u003c/a> by the university in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, the university opened a more modern campus in San Francisco's Mission Bay neighborhood. The school is just now beginning a year-long planning process to upgrade the Parnassus Heights site. Renovations are part of a $5 billion fundraising campaign, which includes the Diller donation for the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of the campus was built between 1950 and the mid-1970s. So the facilities are showing their age,\" Hawgood said. \"We’ll be looking to refurbish many of the research buildings ... Science has moved on; the need for different kinds of facilities are also required.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Diller Largesse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pushed back the announcement about the donation a couple of days out of respect for the Diller family, who saw its partriarch, Sanford Diller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Real-estate-developer-philanthropist-Sanford-12553646.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">die\u003c/a> last Friday at the age of 89. Diller was a billionaire who made his money as founder of the Prometheus Real Estate Group, one of the largest owners of apartment buildings in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife, Helen, who died in 2015, established the Helen Diller Family Foundation in 1999. In 2003, the foundation donated $35 million to create the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Care Center, at UCSF's Mission Bay Campus. Back then, $35 million was the largest gift by a single donor in UCSF history. But that amount was dwarfed by the family's whopping $500 million donation in late 2015. At the time, it was matched only by \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million gifts\u003c/a> to each of two Oregon universities from Nike co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phil Knight\u003c/a>. (Knight also gave $400 million to Stanford in 2016.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A billion-dollars-plus to a single educational institution, albeit a public one, did get us thinking about the issue of\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=effective+philanthrop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> effective philanthropy\u003c/a>. So we reached out for comment to \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/02/16/qa-singer-philosopher-his-craft-and-practicing-it-princeton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Singer\u003c/a>, a philosopher, author and professor of bioethics at Princeton University, who has taken a utilitarian approach to charitable giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it's clearly not the best use of the money,\" he wrote in an email. \"Health is a vital area for philanthropy, but not in an area that is already, by world standards, extraordinarily well-served ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why \u003cem>have\u003c/em> the Dillers showered so much largesse on UCSF?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are native San Franciscans, and are proud to give back to our community,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2003/10/4698/35-million-gift-supports-construction-helen-diller-family-cancer-researc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> Helen Diller, in 2003. “Our family is extremely enthused about cancer research at UCSF. ... (W)e have been presented with the joy of participating in the development of an entirely new section of this very beautiful city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She repeated her feelings of attachment to the city, and to UCSF, in a 2009 interview with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, which provides a good window into some of her motivations. \"I was born in San Francisco at Mount Zion hospital. UCSF is known to have the finest scientists and doctors,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She continued: \"There is a Hebrew expression, '\u003cem>Tikkun olam\u003c/em>,' which means to repair the world. My parents did things in a small way because that is what they could do. Now we are doing what we are able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the initial $500 million Diller donation went toward retaining and recruiting faculty and supporting students at UCSF’s four professional schools, some of it in the form of scholarships. UCSF also created a discretionary $100 million \"innovation fund.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is also known for contributing to Jewish causes, funding UC Berkeley and UC Santa Cruz Jewish studies programs, renovating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julius Kahn\u003c/a> in the Presidio, and a leadership \u003ca href=\"http://dillerteenfellows.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program\u003c/a> for Jewish teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recognition of the latest donation, UCSF has renamed its complex of medical buildings on campus as the UCSF Helen Diller Medical Center at Parnassus Heights.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Katherine Stevenson was 8 when she joined a UCSF study to test the effects of a video game on kids like her with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spdstar.org/basic/about-spd\" target=\"_blank\">sensory processing dysfunction\u003c/a>, or SPD, a collection of symptoms where the brain has trouble filtering incoming information -- like sounds and instructions -- in organized, focused ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine is a happy, outgoing child with a high overall IQ, but her cognitive speed (relating to response and performance) is low in comparison to her critical thinking. Her main challenge is an auditory processing disorder that makes it hard for her to screen out certain sounds, because she hears them all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded,\" says her mom, Kori Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded.'\u003ccite>Parent Kori Stevenson on her daughter's sensory processing dysfunction, or SPD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study, spearheaded in 2014 by two Department of Neurology professors, brought Katherine and 62 other elementary school kids (38 with SPD and 25 with typical development patterns) into a lab where an EEG machine tracked their brain activity while they followed computer prompts designed to measure their ability to focus and multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the real work began. The kids brought home iPads loaded with a special software designed to target and improve problems with thinking, reacting, and performing tasks. Twice a day, five days a week for a month, the kids spent 30 minutes maneuvering a cartoonish 3-D figure along a moving pathway without hitting the walls -- tilting, swiping and jabbing the iPad as the game made all kinds of sounds and other potential distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times that it was really hard to for her,\" says Stevenson. \"There were some days when she breezed through and other days, she was in tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the month was over, and the kids were retested, Katherine's performance had improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her ability to focus was a little bit better. And she wasn’t as fatigued at the end of the day. Her ability to multitask improved,\" says Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine's experience was not unique. The UCSF study, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172616\" target=\"_blank\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, showed that while the iPad home training program benefited all the kids who participated to some extent, the results were even better for seven children (including Katherine), a subset of the 38 SPD children with symptoms of ADHD. This group dramatically overcame these issues, at least temporarily, after just a month of video play. Nine months later, those children had so improved (based on their parents' feedback) that they would no longer meet the clinical standard for symptoms of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Underserved Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video games designed for kids with ADHD have received the most press. But for this study, UCSF Neurology professors Joaquin Anguera and Elyse Marco wanted to focus on an underserved group that doesn't get as much attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some brain training studies specifically target people with ADHD with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/21/a-tech-start-up-making-a-play-for-billions-in-adhd-drug-market.html\">gaming products\u003c/a> -- a market ripe for profit, if it can be shown that such products really work. But \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/joaquin.anguera\">Anguera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://anp.ucsf.edu/aboutus/faculty/emarco\">Marco\u003c/a> wanted to work with children with sensory processing dysfunction, a group Marco got to know through her pediatric clinical practice at UCSF. If you're not familiar with SPD, you're not alone. The disorder is thought to affect 5 percent of all U.S. children, but it's a poorly studied group. Symptoms vary widely, from children like Katherine Stevenson with auditory processing issues to something closer to autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. As such, it is often misdiagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_366979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-366979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software.\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-768x541.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-960x677.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-240x169.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-375x264.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-520x366.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software. \u003ccite>(Akili Interactive Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results\u003cem> \u003c/em>of the UCSF study challenge the notion that prolonged exposure to video games, iPads and other interactive technology turns toddlers into strung-out youngsters with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/adhd/adhd-associated-video-game-addiction\">ADHD-like inability to focus on tasks\u003c/a> and get things done to completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preponderance of studies suggest that all that screen time \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">\u003cem>does\u003c/em> re-wire the brain\u003c/a>. But that may not be a bad thing -- especially for kids like Katherine, who can benefit from learning how to focus on a single goal-based task and block out any other distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable,\" says Anguera, lead author of the study. The results showed some parallels to his\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005416\"> much-publicized 2013 \u003c/a>study where a different 3-D video game called Neuroracer trained seniors to multitask better than a group of 20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond the Hype\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the new study only included 63 kids, it was meant as more of a proof of concept experiment than a study meant to offer clinical conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive scientists bristle at suggestions that any of the newfangled cognitive training programs on the market can work for everyone. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cogmed.com/who-is-cogmed-for\">Cogmed \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lumosity.com/\">Lumosity\u003c/a>, for example, target both children and adults with claims of improving attention and processing speed. The most common word experts use to describe them is \"exaggerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, is one of the skeptics. “Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?,\" she told KQED in 2010. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\" In 2014, 73 experts signed an open letter (since taken offline) \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/23/brain-games-memory-loss-open-letter\">warning about\u003c/a> companies exploiting consumers with such claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera is the first to agree. \"You have all these problematic 'brain training' things, and it's fraught with snake oil,\" he says. \"There haven’t been very many studies that have shown any kind of difference, that it does work.\" [contextly_sidebar id=\"8fVx8JR3VjF4j4i929dImiQCARfor4l2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main takeaway from this study, according to Anguera, is how well it demonstrates the need for personalized assessment before offering kids the brain-training programs of tomorrow. One size does not fit all; look at the fact that only a small subset of the study participants with SPD -- the cohort of SPD kids with hyperactivity or attention struggles -- showed long-term benefit from the video game training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really gives us a perspective. If you’re going to use these types of technologies to improve people's attention, you need to be putting thought into it. Not everyone needs the same type of intervention, and the same types of intervention won't work for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Anguera has confidence that the improvements his team observed were genuine, based on the fact that they were assessed with three different metrics: behavioral testing in the lab, parent surveys, and the use of EEG devices to measure brain waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera's team was particularly intrigued to watch a part of the pre-frontal lobe \"light up\" during EEG scans. It's the part of the brain that drives goal-directed activities, and researchers saw how much more responsive it became after kids had spent a month playing with the iPad. Scientists suspect that in kids with ADHD-like symptoms, the cognitive circuits at the front of the brain are not firing at the right time or they’re not firing enough, according to Anguera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how, but it appears that \"pushing\" on, or repeatedly using, these circuits of attention strengthens them, like bicep training at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s very few of these cognitive training studies – maybe none – that show a signature that correlates with behavior on some test of attention and shows what’s happening,\" says Anguera. \"That's what makes this unique.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable.'\u003ccite>Dr. Joaquin Anguera, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study used an iPad game called Project: EVO. In 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">Akili Interactive Labs\u003c/a>, the software developer, used it to \u003ca href=\"https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/video-game-is-built-to-be-prescribed-to-children-with-a-d-h-d/?_r=0\">measure the effects on a small group of children\u003c/a> with ADHD and a control group. The study found that, after playing the game five days a week for a month, the children with ADHD showed significant improvement and the control group did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akili Interactive is now \u003ca href=\"http://nationaladhdstudy.com/\">testing their software \u003c/a>on hundreds of ADHD children at 13 study sites across the U.S. and aims to be first FDA-approved ADHD videogame\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/10/430149726/will-doctors-soon-be-prescribing-video-games-for-mental-health\"> doctors prescribe to parents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Katherine Stevenson was 8 when she joined a UCSF study to test the effects of a video game on kids like her with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spdstar.org/basic/about-spd\" target=\"_blank\">sensory processing dysfunction\u003c/a>, or SPD, a collection of symptoms where the brain has trouble filtering incoming information -- like sounds and instructions -- in organized, focused ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine is a happy, outgoing child with a high overall IQ, but her cognitive speed (relating to response and performance) is low in comparison to her critical thinking. Her main challenge is an auditory processing disorder that makes it hard for her to screen out certain sounds, because she hears them all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded,\" says her mom, Kori Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded.'\u003ccite>Parent Kori Stevenson on her daughter's sensory processing dysfunction, or SPD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study, spearheaded in 2014 by two Department of Neurology professors, brought Katherine and 62 other elementary school kids (38 with SPD and 25 with typical development patterns) into a lab where an EEG machine tracked their brain activity while they followed computer prompts designed to measure their ability to focus and multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the real work began. The kids brought home iPads loaded with a special software designed to target and improve problems with thinking, reacting, and performing tasks. Twice a day, five days a week for a month, the kids spent 30 minutes maneuvering a cartoonish 3-D figure along a moving pathway without hitting the walls -- tilting, swiping and jabbing the iPad as the game made all kinds of sounds and other potential distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times that it was really hard to for her,\" says Stevenson. \"There were some days when she breezed through and other days, she was in tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the month was over, and the kids were retested, Katherine's performance had improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her ability to focus was a little bit better. And she wasn’t as fatigued at the end of the day. Her ability to multitask improved,\" says Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine's experience was not unique. The UCSF study, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172616\" target=\"_blank\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, showed that while the iPad home training program benefited all the kids who participated to some extent, the results were even better for seven children (including Katherine), a subset of the 38 SPD children with symptoms of ADHD. This group dramatically overcame these issues, at least temporarily, after just a month of video play. Nine months later, those children had so improved (based on their parents' feedback) that they would no longer meet the clinical standard for symptoms of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Underserved Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video games designed for kids with ADHD have received the most press. But for this study, UCSF Neurology professors Joaquin Anguera and Elyse Marco wanted to focus on an underserved group that doesn't get as much attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some brain training studies specifically target people with ADHD with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/21/a-tech-start-up-making-a-play-for-billions-in-adhd-drug-market.html\">gaming products\u003c/a> -- a market ripe for profit, if it can be shown that such products really work. But \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/joaquin.anguera\">Anguera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://anp.ucsf.edu/aboutus/faculty/emarco\">Marco\u003c/a> wanted to work with children with sensory processing dysfunction, a group Marco got to know through her pediatric clinical practice at UCSF. If you're not familiar with SPD, you're not alone. The disorder is thought to affect 5 percent of all U.S. children, but it's a poorly studied group. Symptoms vary widely, from children like Katherine Stevenson with auditory processing issues to something closer to autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. As such, it is often misdiagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_366979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-366979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software.\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-768x541.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-960x677.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-240x169.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-375x264.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-520x366.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software. \u003ccite>(Akili Interactive Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results\u003cem> \u003c/em>of the UCSF study challenge the notion that prolonged exposure to video games, iPads and other interactive technology turns toddlers into strung-out youngsters with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/adhd/adhd-associated-video-game-addiction\">ADHD-like inability to focus on tasks\u003c/a> and get things done to completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preponderance of studies suggest that all that screen time \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">\u003cem>does\u003c/em> re-wire the brain\u003c/a>. But that may not be a bad thing -- especially for kids like Katherine, who can benefit from learning how to focus on a single goal-based task and block out any other distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable,\" says Anguera, lead author of the study. The results showed some parallels to his\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005416\"> much-publicized 2013 \u003c/a>study where a different 3-D video game called Neuroracer trained seniors to multitask better than a group of 20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond the Hype\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the new study only included 63 kids, it was meant as more of a proof of concept experiment than a study meant to offer clinical conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive scientists bristle at suggestions that any of the newfangled cognitive training programs on the market can work for everyone. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cogmed.com/who-is-cogmed-for\">Cogmed \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lumosity.com/\">Lumosity\u003c/a>, for example, target both children and adults with claims of improving attention and processing speed. The most common word experts use to describe them is \"exaggerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, is one of the skeptics. “Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?,\" she told KQED in 2010. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\" In 2014, 73 experts signed an open letter (since taken offline) \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/23/brain-games-memory-loss-open-letter\">warning about\u003c/a> companies exploiting consumers with such claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera is the first to agree. \"You have all these problematic 'brain training' things, and it's fraught with snake oil,\" he says. \"There haven’t been very many studies that have shown any kind of difference, that it does work.\" \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main takeaway from this study, according to Anguera, is how well it demonstrates the need for personalized assessment before offering kids the brain-training programs of tomorrow. One size does not fit all; look at the fact that only a small subset of the study participants with SPD -- the cohort of SPD kids with hyperactivity or attention struggles -- showed long-term benefit from the video game training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really gives us a perspective. If you’re going to use these types of technologies to improve people's attention, you need to be putting thought into it. Not everyone needs the same type of intervention, and the same types of intervention won't work for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Anguera has confidence that the improvements his team observed were genuine, based on the fact that they were assessed with three different metrics: behavioral testing in the lab, parent surveys, and the use of EEG devices to measure brain waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera's team was particularly intrigued to watch a part of the pre-frontal lobe \"light up\" during EEG scans. It's the part of the brain that drives goal-directed activities, and researchers saw how much more responsive it became after kids had spent a month playing with the iPad. Scientists suspect that in kids with ADHD-like symptoms, the cognitive circuits at the front of the brain are not firing at the right time or they’re not firing enough, according to Anguera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how, but it appears that \"pushing\" on, or repeatedly using, these circuits of attention strengthens them, like bicep training at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s very few of these cognitive training studies – maybe none – that show a signature that correlates with behavior on some test of attention and shows what’s happening,\" says Anguera. \"That's what makes this unique.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable.'\u003ccite>Dr. Joaquin Anguera, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study used an iPad game called Project: EVO. In 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">Akili Interactive Labs\u003c/a>, the software developer, used it to \u003ca href=\"https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/video-game-is-built-to-be-prescribed-to-children-with-a-d-h-d/?_r=0\">measure the effects on a small group of children\u003c/a> with ADHD and a control group. The study found that, after playing the game five days a week for a month, the children with ADHD showed significant improvement and the control group did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akili Interactive is now \u003ca href=\"http://nationaladhdstudy.com/\">testing their software \u003c/a>on hundreds of ADHD children at 13 study sites across the U.S. and aims to be first FDA-approved ADHD videogame\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/10/430149726/will-doctors-soon-be-prescribing-video-games-for-mental-health\"> doctors prescribe to parents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Do You Know Which Medical Information on Wikipedia to Trust?",
"title": "How Do You Know Which Medical Information on Wikipedia to Trust?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>James Heilman isn't an easy man to get a hold of; he kept offering us odd, off-hour windows of availability to do a phone interview. When we finally connected, he explained: He works the night shift as an emergency room physician in British Columbia. He also puts in time as a clinical assistant professor in emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cstrong>How to check the accuracy of Wikipedia pages\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou can check how Wikipedians rate the quality and thoroughness of every entry on the encyclopedia by clicking on the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of each page. There you will find the page's rating, which will fall somewhere on this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>. Here are lists of the health articles with the \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Classhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-highest ratings\u003c/a>; these are the most trustworthy health entries.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then there's the 60 -- count'em, 60 -- hours a week he toils away editing Wikipedia, the massive online encyclopedia written and edited by, well, anyone who wants to give it a whirl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife likes to joke that Wikipedia's my mistress; I prefer to call it our first child,” he says, chuckling with a tinge of self-awareness that he's gone a bit off the rails in his goal of making the copious health-related pages on the site more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does an emergency doc become an obsessive Wikipedian?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10 years ago, he says, during a quiet night shift, he got to browsing one of the medical articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought, 'Oh, my God this is really bad,'\" he says. \"And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet! I sort of got madly hooked. I’ve been trying to fix the Internet ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accuracy Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that quest was creating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WikiProject Medicine\u003c/a> group, where 320 like-minded editors work on the site's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health content. \u003c/a>Heilman estimates about half are medical professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I thought ‘Oh, my God this is really bad.' And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet!\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reworking Wikipedia health entries is not a trivial task. A 2014 study found about 25,000 pages of English-language health-related articles. That number is now up to 32,000, Heilman says. The health pages worldwide attracted almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376174/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4.9 billion pageviews\u003c/a> in 2013. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737064?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">survey\u003c/a> of several hundred medical students found 94 percent use the site for health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite its popularity, the reliability of Wikipedia's medical content has often been questioned. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241521/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review \u003c/a>on the accuracy and thoroughness of the site's medical entries found mixed results. Other studies show that the site fell short in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastroenterology and hepatology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://aop.sagepub.com/content/42/12/1814.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug information\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193353/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statins\u003c/a> (later \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106930#pone.0106930-Kupferberg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved\u003c/a>), and issues of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876(12)00336-9/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ear, nose and throat\u003c/a>. Other studies found the website provided better information in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sdi.12059/epdf?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nephrology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/quality-of-information-sources-about-mental-disorders-a-comparison-of-wikipedia-with-centrally-controlled-web-and-printed-sources/595CEE672BB7C503101FAF5A9E303673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">depression and schizophrenia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">To get good health info online:\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check multiple, high-quality sources like those from academic and government institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be alert for sites that contain information that conflicts with other sources, a possible indication of low-quality information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consult \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals for primary research on a topic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If using Wikipedia, click the 'Talk' tab at the top of each page to see how the site's editors have rated the quality of the article. Look at the footnotes to check the sources of assertions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But just recently, in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30254-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Lancet: Global Health, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>researchers reported that Wikipedia entries on stillbirths were missing critical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> comparing peer-reviewed literature to the site's articles on 10 different widespread diseases and conditions found a significant number of assertions in the Wikipedia material that were unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman doesn't think much of that study; he co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://community-archive.cochrane.org/news/blog/wikipedia%E2%80%99s-medical-content-really-90-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to it with other medical experts/Wikipedians. Still, he acknowledges \"there's a lot of work to do\" to bring health entries up to snuff. The reality of that is borne out by the small number of health articles -- \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class%20featured%20health%20articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">63\u003c/a> -- that have received the highest grade by Wikipedia editors. Those articles qualify as featured articles on the encyclopedia's front page. (The next-best level -- \"good\" -- contains a mere \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">200 articles\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criteria\u003c/a> for a \"featured\" article is comprehensiveness, neutrality and accuracy. That means the information has been verified against high-quality sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls to Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wikipedia-is-already-the-worlds-dr-google-its-time-for-doctors-and-researchers-to-make-it-better-66769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u003c/a> last month on the academic publishing site \"The Conversation\" by Thomas Shafee, one of the researchers who wrote about Wikipedia's inadequate \"stillbirth\" entries, is headlined \"Wikipedia is already the world’s ‘Dr Google’ -- it’s time for doctors and researchers to make it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health professionals have a duty to improve the accuracy of medical entries in Wikipedia, because it’s the first port of call for people all over the world seeking medical information,\" Shafee wrote. \"The accuracy of the site is vital, because every medical entry... has the potential for immediate \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/\">real-world health consequences\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. University of California, San Francisco psychiatrist Amin Azzam recently co-authored a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Why_Medical_Schools_Should_Embrace_Wikipedia__.98408.aspx\">report\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Academic Medicine \u003c/em>titled “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improving Wikipedia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to improve the entire site, including the health section, are underway. Hundreds of students in both the U.S. and Canada, for example, are working as editors through the \u003ca href=\"https://wikiedu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki Education Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco that acts as a bridge between Wikipedia and academia. The organization encourages university faculty to assign students Wikipedia entries as a part of coursework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than write a biography of a woman scientist for their class that their instructor would read and throw away and never engage in again,\" says the foundation's LiAnna Davis, \"these students instead have the opportunity to create content for Wikipedia where thousands of people can gain from their work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmacology students at the University of California, San Francisco, for example, are \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UCSF_School_of_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">working to improve entries\u003c/a> on popular drugs like the HIV antiviral drug \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacavir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abacavir\u003c/a>. Students in a voice disorders class at McGill University in Montreal are adding information about \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laryngitis\u003c/a>. Students fill in missing information, improve gross inadequacies, and rewrite articles using fewer technical terms to appeal to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, 280 science classes at universities in the U.S. and Canada have added content to 3,650 articles and generated 300 new entries receiving more than 102 million views, says Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman points to many efforts to improve articles, and a \u003ca href=\"http://translatorswithoutborders.org/?s=wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaboration\u003c/a> with the group Translators Without Borders to rewrite Wikipedia medical content in as many languages as possible. That \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.com/life/16/11/support-indian-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">includes Odia\u003c/a>, spoken by tens of millions of people in India that is not included in\u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Google Translate\u003c/a>. Heilman also cites as a success the Wikipedia entry for dengue fever, which was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242787/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies are also tapping Wikipedia. The National Institutes of Health is creating an online biomedical \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dictionary\u003c/a> for PubMed Health. which provides consumer-friendly research information.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>The NIH usually creates the definitions by drawing on material in its own collection, but sometimes It will use Wikipedia as a source. Both organizations benefit, as the NIH will flag Heilman if it comes across something inaccurate in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman fervently hopes more health and science academics and professionals will help expand the accuracy of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I spend a fair amount of time trying to convince my colleagues to come work on Wikipedia,\" he says. \"As a physician I believe all people deserve access to quality health care information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Find Good Health Info\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... after all is said and done, how should the average person approach looking for health information on the Web?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzam, the UCSF psychiatrist who called for medical schools to embrace Wikipedia, would actually first send patients to government sites like the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and National Library of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of those sites have information targeting 'lay' people,\" he wrote in an email. \"Additionally there are national advocacy organizations for specific disease and/or health conditions. For example, as a psychiatrist I will refer my patients and their families to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do use Wikipedia, he recommends using the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of every page. That will take you to a rating of how thorough and accurate Wikipedia editors think the page is. He also looks at the references that each assertion of fact in Wikipedia entries are required to link to. (You can do this by clicking on the superscript numbers at the end of a sentence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gives me some idea of how much to trust the content,\" Azzam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends consulting multiple sources to ferret out any outliers, a method that is \"effectively a proxy measure for validity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to consult material that health professionals use themselves, he recommends \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health information is on a \"continuum,\" he believes, with subscription-only top tier scholarly journals on one end and the user-created Wikipedia on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe [journal] content to be the scientific truth as we know it because content experts have peer-reviewed the manuscripts,\" he says. \"But the challenge at that extreme is gaining access to that knowledge, especially with high-cost subscription charges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why he's working with students to improve Wikipedia, \"pulling that pole toward the other end of the spectrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since so many consumers of health information online are reading that content, I want to be a part of a movement to make it as high quality as possible!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Heilman, the avid health editor, he also recommends checking multiple, high-quality sources when looking for specific health information, paying attention to what they agree on. But that doesn't mean he's going to give up on improving Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a physician, I can help one person at a time,\" he says. \"But as a Wikipedian, I can make a difference in millions and millions of people’s lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>James Heilman isn't an easy man to get a hold of; he kept offering us odd, off-hour windows of availability to do a phone interview. When we finally connected, he explained: He works the night shift as an emergency room physician in British Columbia. He also puts in time as a clinical assistant professor in emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cstrong>How to check the accuracy of Wikipedia pages\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou can check how Wikipedians rate the quality and thoroughness of every entry on the encyclopedia by clicking on the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of each page. There you will find the page's rating, which will fall somewhere on this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>. Here are lists of the health articles with the \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Classhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-highest ratings\u003c/a>; these are the most trustworthy health entries.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then there's the 60 -- count'em, 60 -- hours a week he toils away editing Wikipedia, the massive online encyclopedia written and edited by, well, anyone who wants to give it a whirl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife likes to joke that Wikipedia's my mistress; I prefer to call it our first child,” he says, chuckling with a tinge of self-awareness that he's gone a bit off the rails in his goal of making the copious health-related pages on the site more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does an emergency doc become an obsessive Wikipedian?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10 years ago, he says, during a quiet night shift, he got to browsing one of the medical articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought, 'Oh, my God this is really bad,'\" he says. \"And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet! I sort of got madly hooked. I’ve been trying to fix the Internet ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accuracy Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that quest was creating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WikiProject Medicine\u003c/a> group, where 320 like-minded editors work on the site's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health content. \u003c/a>Heilman estimates about half are medical professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I thought ‘Oh, my God this is really bad.' And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet!\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reworking Wikipedia health entries is not a trivial task. A 2014 study found about 25,000 pages of English-language health-related articles. That number is now up to 32,000, Heilman says. The health pages worldwide attracted almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376174/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4.9 billion pageviews\u003c/a> in 2013. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737064?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">survey\u003c/a> of several hundred medical students found 94 percent use the site for health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite its popularity, the reliability of Wikipedia's medical content has often been questioned. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241521/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review \u003c/a>on the accuracy and thoroughness of the site's medical entries found mixed results. Other studies show that the site fell short in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastroenterology and hepatology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://aop.sagepub.com/content/42/12/1814.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug information\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193353/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statins\u003c/a> (later \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106930#pone.0106930-Kupferberg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved\u003c/a>), and issues of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876(12)00336-9/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ear, nose and throat\u003c/a>. Other studies found the website provided better information in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sdi.12059/epdf?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nephrology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/quality-of-information-sources-about-mental-disorders-a-comparison-of-wikipedia-with-centrally-controlled-web-and-printed-sources/595CEE672BB7C503101FAF5A9E303673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">depression and schizophrenia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">To get good health info online:\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check multiple, high-quality sources like those from academic and government institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be alert for sites that contain information that conflicts with other sources, a possible indication of low-quality information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consult \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals for primary research on a topic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If using Wikipedia, click the 'Talk' tab at the top of each page to see how the site's editors have rated the quality of the article. Look at the footnotes to check the sources of assertions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But just recently, in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30254-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Lancet: Global Health, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>researchers reported that Wikipedia entries on stillbirths were missing critical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> comparing peer-reviewed literature to the site's articles on 10 different widespread diseases and conditions found a significant number of assertions in the Wikipedia material that were unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman doesn't think much of that study; he co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://community-archive.cochrane.org/news/blog/wikipedia%E2%80%99s-medical-content-really-90-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to it with other medical experts/Wikipedians. Still, he acknowledges \"there's a lot of work to do\" to bring health entries up to snuff. The reality of that is borne out by the small number of health articles -- \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class%20featured%20health%20articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">63\u003c/a> -- that have received the highest grade by Wikipedia editors. Those articles qualify as featured articles on the encyclopedia's front page. (The next-best level -- \"good\" -- contains a mere \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">200 articles\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criteria\u003c/a> for a \"featured\" article is comprehensiveness, neutrality and accuracy. That means the information has been verified against high-quality sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls to Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wikipedia-is-already-the-worlds-dr-google-its-time-for-doctors-and-researchers-to-make-it-better-66769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u003c/a> last month on the academic publishing site \"The Conversation\" by Thomas Shafee, one of the researchers who wrote about Wikipedia's inadequate \"stillbirth\" entries, is headlined \"Wikipedia is already the world’s ‘Dr Google’ -- it’s time for doctors and researchers to make it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health professionals have a duty to improve the accuracy of medical entries in Wikipedia, because it’s the first port of call for people all over the world seeking medical information,\" Shafee wrote. \"The accuracy of the site is vital, because every medical entry... has the potential for immediate \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/\">real-world health consequences\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. University of California, San Francisco psychiatrist Amin Azzam recently co-authored a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Why_Medical_Schools_Should_Embrace_Wikipedia__.98408.aspx\">report\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Academic Medicine \u003c/em>titled “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improving Wikipedia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to improve the entire site, including the health section, are underway. Hundreds of students in both the U.S. and Canada, for example, are working as editors through the \u003ca href=\"https://wikiedu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki Education Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco that acts as a bridge between Wikipedia and academia. The organization encourages university faculty to assign students Wikipedia entries as a part of coursework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than write a biography of a woman scientist for their class that their instructor would read and throw away and never engage in again,\" says the foundation's LiAnna Davis, \"these students instead have the opportunity to create content for Wikipedia where thousands of people can gain from their work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmacology students at the University of California, San Francisco, for example, are \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UCSF_School_of_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">working to improve entries\u003c/a> on popular drugs like the HIV antiviral drug \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacavir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abacavir\u003c/a>. Students in a voice disorders class at McGill University in Montreal are adding information about \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laryngitis\u003c/a>. Students fill in missing information, improve gross inadequacies, and rewrite articles using fewer technical terms to appeal to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, 280 science classes at universities in the U.S. and Canada have added content to 3,650 articles and generated 300 new entries receiving more than 102 million views, says Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman points to many efforts to improve articles, and a \u003ca href=\"http://translatorswithoutborders.org/?s=wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaboration\u003c/a> with the group Translators Without Borders to rewrite Wikipedia medical content in as many languages as possible. That \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.com/life/16/11/support-indian-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">includes Odia\u003c/a>, spoken by tens of millions of people in India that is not included in\u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Google Translate\u003c/a>. Heilman also cites as a success the Wikipedia entry for dengue fever, which was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242787/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies are also tapping Wikipedia. The National Institutes of Health is creating an online biomedical \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dictionary\u003c/a> for PubMed Health. which provides consumer-friendly research information.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>The NIH usually creates the definitions by drawing on material in its own collection, but sometimes It will use Wikipedia as a source. Both organizations benefit, as the NIH will flag Heilman if it comes across something inaccurate in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman fervently hopes more health and science academics and professionals will help expand the accuracy of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I spend a fair amount of time trying to convince my colleagues to come work on Wikipedia,\" he says. \"As a physician I believe all people deserve access to quality health care information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Find Good Health Info\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... after all is said and done, how should the average person approach looking for health information on the Web?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzam, the UCSF psychiatrist who called for medical schools to embrace Wikipedia, would actually first send patients to government sites like the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and National Library of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of those sites have information targeting 'lay' people,\" he wrote in an email. \"Additionally there are national advocacy organizations for specific disease and/or health conditions. For example, as a psychiatrist I will refer my patients and their families to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do use Wikipedia, he recommends using the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of every page. That will take you to a rating of how thorough and accurate Wikipedia editors think the page is. He also looks at the references that each assertion of fact in Wikipedia entries are required to link to. (You can do this by clicking on the superscript numbers at the end of a sentence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gives me some idea of how much to trust the content,\" Azzam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends consulting multiple sources to ferret out any outliers, a method that is \"effectively a proxy measure for validity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to consult material that health professionals use themselves, he recommends \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health information is on a \"continuum,\" he believes, with subscription-only top tier scholarly journals on one end and the user-created Wikipedia on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe [journal] content to be the scientific truth as we know it because content experts have peer-reviewed the manuscripts,\" he says. \"But the challenge at that extreme is gaining access to that knowledge, especially with high-cost subscription charges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why he's working with students to improve Wikipedia, \"pulling that pole toward the other end of the spectrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since so many consumers of health information online are reading that content, I want to be a part of a movement to make it as high quality as possible!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Heilman, the avid health editor, he also recommends checking multiple, high-quality sources when looking for specific health information, paying attention to what they agree on. But that doesn't mean he's going to give up on improving Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a physician, I can help one person at a time,\" he says. \"But as a Wikipedian, I can make a difference in millions and millions of people’s lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work?",
"title": "Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>One of the most important things a pharmacist does after five or six years of training is make sure you get the correct number of pills in the correct dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it seems, robots are better at doing that than people. Even trained pharmacist people. Actually, it's a perfect job for a robot: a repetitive and mundane task.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.'\u003ccite>Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And artificial intelligence has finally matured to the point where doctors trust robots (with human supervision) to do it. For five years now, the UCSF Medical Center has relied on an automated “robot pharmacy” to fill prescriptions, and a fleet of thousands of autonomous bots to deliver them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Jew, director of the UCSF program, says the robots have worked for five years with 100% accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are involved only to stock the medications in the canisters that the robots pluck off a rack, and to grab the packaged and labeled medications the robot spits out and send it on its way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the meds are going to a patient in the hospital, a human might hand them off to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/hospital-uses-robots-instead-of-people-to-cart-things-around/\" target=\"_blank\">Tug robot\u003c/a> that rolls around the hospital from floor to floor, dropping off prescriptions at each nurse’s station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The job of finding medications and dispensing the right amount for the right patient, is called “pulling” drugs. There used to be seven pharmacy technicians pulling drugs, with three to four pharmacists supervising them. Now, Jew says she needs at most two technicians to interface with the bots, and the other techs were reassigned to work such as collecting medication history\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\" alt=\"A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \" width=\"770\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robots are faster and more accurate than people—a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajhp.org/content/72/17/1471.abstract\">study\u003c/a> from a medical center in Houston found that in one year their pharmacists made an average of almost five medication errors for every 100,000 prescriptions. That’s not a lot, but it’s a lot more than zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Robots Replace Pharmacists?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bionic competition has some pharmacists worried about whether humans have a role in the future of their profession. A paper published in the American Journal of Pharmacy Education last year warned of a potential glut of more than 40,000 pharmacy school grads by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and automation are going to do a whole lot of things that the traditional pharmacist has done,” says Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, a pharmacy professor and vice-chair of clinical innovation at UCSF. “If the pharmacists don’t prove their value outside of their existing roles, automation will win because ultimately it will be cheaper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means pharmacists need to carve out new niches robots can’t fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0451-0500/sb_493_bill_20131001_chaptered.html\" target=\"_blank\">authorized pharmacists\u003c/a> who have certain levels of training and experience to prescribe medications, including nicotine replacements and hormonal birth control, and take a more active role in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bM52RWQkoiFSagHpIhxBjL4WpsA39bOf\"]This means the person behind the counter at Walgreens would be able to help patients quit smoking, or review their full medical record to make sure they’re getting the best medication for their condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a pivot in the role of the pharmacist but it’s up to us to take this opportunity,” says Dr. Lisa Kroon, a clinical pharmacy professor at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far this new role doesn’t come with any extra pay for extra services. The new law doesn’t include regulations to allow pharmacists to be paid for their services. Pharmacists are still reimbursed just for the products they provide. So Stebbins says pharmacists' potential to fill gaps in the healthcare system may remain untapped until there's some way to pay them for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing a New Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroon has been practicing for 20 years, and she says pharmacists have been talking about the “threat” of automation for as long as she can remember. But she says this is the wrong way to think about technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our stand here at our school is if [dispensing medication] is all you want to do, don’t come to this school,” Kroon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One innovation Stebbins is working on is an app that allows patients to track their blood pressure and other vital signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data are then shared with both their doctor and pharmacist—but it’s the pharmacist who would be responsible for checking in with patients, tracking their data, making sure they’re taking their medication and monitoring whether the medication is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-153717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates. \u003ccite>(Susan Merrell/UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The pharmacist is the ultimate medication manager,” Stebbins says. “That’s what our training is all about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stebbins has also helped develop a new automated call service, in which patients get a phone call within the first two days after they leave the hospital, asking if they have questions about their medication. If they do, Stebbins gets a text or email and she or one of her team of pharmacy students can respond to the patient’s concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting the pharmacist involved sooner through services like this call service, frees up more time for the physician to focus on other aspects of the patient’s recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to embrace technology, and not fear it,” she says. “The ultimate thing is that automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the most important things a pharmacist does after five or six years of training is make sure you get the correct number of pills in the correct dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it seems, robots are better at doing that than people. Even trained pharmacist people. Actually, it's a perfect job for a robot: a repetitive and mundane task.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.'\u003ccite>Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And artificial intelligence has finally matured to the point where doctors trust robots (with human supervision) to do it. For five years now, the UCSF Medical Center has relied on an automated “robot pharmacy” to fill prescriptions, and a fleet of thousands of autonomous bots to deliver them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Jew, director of the UCSF program, says the robots have worked for five years with 100% accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are involved only to stock the medications in the canisters that the robots pluck off a rack, and to grab the packaged and labeled medications the robot spits out and send it on its way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the meds are going to a patient in the hospital, a human might hand them off to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/hospital-uses-robots-instead-of-people-to-cart-things-around/\" target=\"_blank\">Tug robot\u003c/a> that rolls around the hospital from floor to floor, dropping off prescriptions at each nurse’s station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The job of finding medications and dispensing the right amount for the right patient, is called “pulling” drugs. There used to be seven pharmacy technicians pulling drugs, with three to four pharmacists supervising them. Now, Jew says she needs at most two technicians to interface with the bots, and the other techs were reassigned to work such as collecting medication history\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\" alt=\"A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \" width=\"770\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robots are faster and more accurate than people—a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajhp.org/content/72/17/1471.abstract\">study\u003c/a> from a medical center in Houston found that in one year their pharmacists made an average of almost five medication errors for every 100,000 prescriptions. That’s not a lot, but it’s a lot more than zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Robots Replace Pharmacists?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bionic competition has some pharmacists worried about whether humans have a role in the future of their profession. A paper published in the American Journal of Pharmacy Education last year warned of a potential glut of more than 40,000 pharmacy school grads by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and automation are going to do a whole lot of things that the traditional pharmacist has done,” says Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, a pharmacy professor and vice-chair of clinical innovation at UCSF. “If the pharmacists don’t prove their value outside of their existing roles, automation will win because ultimately it will be cheaper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means pharmacists need to carve out new niches robots can’t fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0451-0500/sb_493_bill_20131001_chaptered.html\" target=\"_blank\">authorized pharmacists\u003c/a> who have certain levels of training and experience to prescribe medications, including nicotine replacements and hormonal birth control, and take a more active role in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>This means the person behind the counter at Walgreens would be able to help patients quit smoking, or review their full medical record to make sure they’re getting the best medication for their condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a pivot in the role of the pharmacist but it’s up to us to take this opportunity,” says Dr. Lisa Kroon, a clinical pharmacy professor at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far this new role doesn’t come with any extra pay for extra services. The new law doesn’t include regulations to allow pharmacists to be paid for their services. Pharmacists are still reimbursed just for the products they provide. So Stebbins says pharmacists' potential to fill gaps in the healthcare system may remain untapped until there's some way to pay them for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing a New Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroon has been practicing for 20 years, and she says pharmacists have been talking about the “threat” of automation for as long as she can remember. But she says this is the wrong way to think about technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our stand here at our school is if [dispensing medication] is all you want to do, don’t come to this school,” Kroon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One innovation Stebbins is working on is an app that allows patients to track their blood pressure and other vital signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data are then shared with both their doctor and pharmacist—but it’s the pharmacist who would be responsible for checking in with patients, tracking their data, making sure they’re taking their medication and monitoring whether the medication is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-153717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates. \u003ccite>(Susan Merrell/UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The pharmacist is the ultimate medication manager,” Stebbins says. “That’s what our training is all about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stebbins has also helped develop a new automated call service, in which patients get a phone call within the first two days after they leave the hospital, asking if they have questions about their medication. If they do, Stebbins gets a text or email and she or one of her team of pharmacy students can respond to the patient’s concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting the pharmacist involved sooner through services like this call service, frees up more time for the physician to focus on other aspects of the patient’s recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to embrace technology, and not fear it,” she says. “The ultimate thing is that automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UCSF Receives $185 Million Gift For Neuroscience Research, Care",
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"content": "\u003cp>UCSF just received its largest, individual financial gift ever - a donation of $185 million dedicated to neurosciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The donation was made by Sanford Weill, the former CEO of Citigroup, and his wife, Joan. Weill says the gift is partly inspired by his father’s lifelong struggle with depression, and his mother's battle with Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003ccite>Joan Weill, philanthropic donor.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“For the last 15 years of her life she was in an institution where she didn’t say a word,” says Weill. “She had no expression as it related to anything. So, that person who looked like my mother was really not my mother. This is a horrible disease!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weill hopes the downward spiral he witnessed with his mother's demise may someday be prevented through therapeutic advances discovered at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joan Weill nods her head in agreement. Tears fill her eyes as she remembers a dear family friend who recently committed suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such a tragedy,” She explains with a quivering voice. “This man suffered from depression his whole life. So, mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money will fund a new 270-thousand square foot facility in Mission Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” '\u003ccite>Sanford Weill, former CEO Citigroup\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The Weill institute will bring together the traditional disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery and basic neurosciences to make advances in a faster way than was possible earlier,\" explains neurologist Steve Hauser, the institute’s new director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that UCSF faculty will work across disciplines, and share their research with each other more often if they work in the same place. Currently, neurological departments are spread across different campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to 45 new research labs, the new institute will house clinics that will provide care to patients with diseases including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and Huntington’s disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and dystonia.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sleep disorders.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chronic pain and migraines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paralysis caused by stroke or injury.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Weill says it's crucial to prioritize neurological research to lower health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” says Weill. “And, that’s not a good thing. Nor is the quality of life (for these patients) that’s available today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The philanthropic couple, who split time between their homes in Sonoma County and New York City, is dedicated to staying intellectually engaged and mentally stimulated as they move into their elder years. The couple will soon celebrate their 61st wedding anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've got to keep our minds working so that we can continue to relate to each other,” says Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, so we know who each other are!” laughs Joan Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UCSF just received its largest, individual financial gift ever - a donation of $185 million dedicated to neurosciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The donation was made by Sanford Weill, the former CEO of Citigroup, and his wife, Joan. Weill says the gift is partly inspired by his father’s lifelong struggle with depression, and his mother's battle with Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003ccite>Joan Weill, philanthropic donor.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“For the last 15 years of her life she was in an institution where she didn’t say a word,” says Weill. “She had no expression as it related to anything. So, that person who looked like my mother was really not my mother. This is a horrible disease!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weill hopes the downward spiral he witnessed with his mother's demise may someday be prevented through therapeutic advances discovered at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joan Weill nods her head in agreement. Tears fill her eyes as she remembers a dear family friend who recently committed suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such a tragedy,” She explains with a quivering voice. “This man suffered from depression his whole life. So, mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money will fund a new 270-thousand square foot facility in Mission Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” '\u003ccite>Sanford Weill, former CEO Citigroup\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The Weill institute will bring together the traditional disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery and basic neurosciences to make advances in a faster way than was possible earlier,\" explains neurologist Steve Hauser, the institute’s new director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that UCSF faculty will work across disciplines, and share their research with each other more often if they work in the same place. Currently, neurological departments are spread across different campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to 45 new research labs, the new institute will house clinics that will provide care to patients with diseases including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and Huntington’s disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and dystonia.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sleep disorders.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chronic pain and migraines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paralysis caused by stroke or injury.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Weill says it's crucial to prioritize neurological research to lower health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” says Weill. “And, that’s not a good thing. Nor is the quality of life (for these patients) that’s available today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The philanthropic couple, who split time between their homes in Sonoma County and New York City, is dedicated to staying intellectually engaged and mentally stimulated as they move into their elder years. The couple will soon celebrate their 61st wedding anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've got to keep our minds working so that we can continue to relate to each other,” says Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, so we know who each other are!” laughs Joan Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What if you could predict whether you'd be overweight five years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained at six months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Adults face varying degrees of difficulty in avoiding a beer belly. But once a child becomes obese, he or she is likely to stay that way into adulthood, with an increased risk for hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why UCSF has developed an algorithm it says can predict the likelihood a baby will be obese by age five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatrician \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u6001564\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Robson\u003c/a>, lead author of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpeds.com/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ympd/8123_Robson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study on the algorithm\u003c/a> published in The Journal of Pediatrics Friday, \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">said \u003c/span>\u003c/span>age five was the focus of the research because that's the age children enter school and become more susceptible to making poor food choices, and because that was the data that was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robson and UCSF epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/janet-wojcicki-phd-mph\" target=\"_blank\">Janet Wojcicki\u003c/a> recruited a high-risk demographic—pregnant Latina women and their children—and tracked them over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 166 children they followed, almost one-third were obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Low-income minority groups are disproportionately impacted by obesity,\" says Wojcicki. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Disadvantaged groups have less access to care, and they’re often living in food deserts and may not have a great-built environment where they have opportunities for physical exercise.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wojcicki added that a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ll groups in the U.S. are at risk for obesity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">12.7 million children and adolescents are obese\u003c/a> in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html\" target=\"_blank\">defines obesity\u003c/a> in children and teens as a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for their peers of the same age and sex.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Wojcicki and Robson say, their predictive model can lead to early intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team's algorithm scans electronic health records and analyzes 10 data points, like a mom's weight before pregnancy, a baby's birth weight and whether she's being breastfed—all information that is routinely collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the algorithm states the percentage that a child will likely be obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Using the algorithm, researchers found that 94 percent of infants whose risk was ranked below the 25th percentile landed in the normal weight range by age five. In contrast, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">61 percent of those whose risk level was scored above the 75th\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> percentile were obese by age five.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Wojcicki and her team found two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained six months after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any super-accelerated weight gain is concerning,\" says Wojcick\u003cstrong>i.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wojcicki and Robson envision a system where doctors receive alerts on their phones if the algorithm detects an at-risk patient. Then they could inform the mother before her child reaches kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to start early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the apps people are working on in Silicon Valley are for targeting kids that are already overweight,\" says Wojcicki. She says by that time it may be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Most prevention efforts are not harmful,\" jokes Robson. \"Decreasing screen time, getting more exercise, eating healthy and targeting kids early could play big role.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' next step is to test more mothers and their children to confirm the study's findings.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What if you could predict whether you'd be overweight five years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained at six months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Adults face varying degrees of difficulty in avoiding a beer belly. But once a child becomes obese, he or she is likely to stay that way into adulthood, with an increased risk for hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why UCSF has developed an algorithm it says can predict the likelihood a baby will be obese by age five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatrician \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u6001564\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Robson\u003c/a>, lead author of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpeds.com/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ympd/8123_Robson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study on the algorithm\u003c/a> published in The Journal of Pediatrics Friday, \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">said \u003c/span>\u003c/span>age five was the focus of the research because that's the age children enter school and become more susceptible to making poor food choices, and because that was the data that was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robson and UCSF epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/janet-wojcicki-phd-mph\" target=\"_blank\">Janet Wojcicki\u003c/a> recruited a high-risk demographic—pregnant Latina women and their children—and tracked them over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 166 children they followed, almost one-third were obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Low-income minority groups are disproportionately impacted by obesity,\" says Wojcicki. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Disadvantaged groups have less access to care, and they’re often living in food deserts and may not have a great-built environment where they have opportunities for physical exercise.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wojcicki added that a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ll groups in the U.S. are at risk for obesity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">12.7 million children and adolescents are obese\u003c/a> in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html\" target=\"_blank\">defines obesity\u003c/a> in children and teens as a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for their peers of the same age and sex.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Wojcicki and Robson say, their predictive model can lead to early intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team's algorithm scans electronic health records and analyzes 10 data points, like a mom's weight before pregnancy, a baby's birth weight and whether she's being breastfed—all information that is routinely collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the algorithm states the percentage that a child will likely be obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Using the algorithm, researchers found that 94 percent of infants whose risk was ranked below the 25th percentile landed in the normal weight range by age five. In contrast, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">61 percent of those whose risk level was scored above the 75th\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> percentile were obese by age five.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Wojcicki and her team found two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained six months after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any super-accelerated weight gain is concerning,\" says Wojcick\u003cstrong>i.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wojcicki and Robson envision a system where doctors receive alerts on their phones if the algorithm detects an at-risk patient. Then they could inform the mother before her child reaches kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to start early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the apps people are working on in Silicon Valley are for targeting kids that are already overweight,\" says Wojcicki. She says by that time it may be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Most prevention efforts are not harmful,\" jokes Robson. \"Decreasing screen time, getting more exercise, eating healthy and targeting kids early could play big role.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' next step is to test more mothers and their children to confirm the study's findings.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Binge-Watching? Not Great for Your Brain, Study Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>When I kick back to watch a show, I tell myself I'm just going to watch one episode. But 45 minutes later, I'm watching another. And then another. For the rest of the day. There are a lot of things that TV and chilling can lead to, but among the less fun? Maybe more cognitive decline over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco checked in with 3,247 people for 25 years, starting when they were young adults. Every five years, they asked participants to estimate how much TV they watched daily. Every two to five years, the researchers looked at how much physical exercise people got. At the end of the 25 years, when the participants were in their 40s and 50s, they all took three tests that measured their memory, focus, and mental and physical quickness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"uECr7u2hokP3DmIWWCWk6H0P6OJUan9T\"]People who got little exercise or watched at least three hours of TV a day did worse on tests measuring cognitive focus and speed than those who got more exercise or watched less TV, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2471270\">study\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>JAMA Psychiatry \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then people who had both low physical activity and high TV had even worse performance. It was an even bigger effect,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/kristine.yaffe\">Dr. Kristine Yaffe\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at UCSF and senior author on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of that loss of brain power could be because just sitting around motionless isn't very good for us. Scientists have known that lack of physical exercise could be a big risk factor in cognitive decline, says \u003ca href=\"https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=MRICH78\">Marcus Richards\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University College London who was not involved in the study. \"But we don't know much about sedentary behavior [and cognition] right now,\" he says. If people who spend a lot of time binge-watching TV are doing so half-comatose on a cushion, they might not be doing their brain any favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps it's something about TV watching itself, Yaffe thinks. \"Is it because by watching a lot of TV, you're not challenging your brain?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaffe's team didn't look at whether people were watching smart, intellectual documentaries or mind-numbing shows like \u003cem>The Bachelor\u003c/em> or \u003cem>The Apprentice\u003c/em> for over three hours daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some TV shows can be cognitively stimulating, and there's some evidence that cognitively stimulating activities can be protective and beneficial,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.brandeis.edu/facultyguide/person.html?emplid=a2b62c935b12262ab75d8f65acb2285d91e43a91\">Margie Lachman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Brandeis University who was not involved in the study. Perhaps some content is better for your brain than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study wasn't able to test the participant's cognitive function when they were young adults, either. It's possible that people who score lower on the tests are more likely to watch more TV than the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People with low cognitive function perhaps are less likely to engage in physical activity, and maybe more likely to engage in sedentary behaviors,\" Lachman says. Similarly, other studies have found that binge-watching TV is more \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/04/383527370/does-binge-watching-make-us-depressed-good-question\">common among depressed people\u003c/a>, but that doesn't mean it causes depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In either case, Yaffe says the decline in people's cognition speed and focus, while significant, wasn't huge – certainly not enough to affect someone's daily life. \"The question is what does it mean if you're 50 and you've got these slight changes? Does it mean you're on a path to greater changes down the line or does not make a difference? I don't think we really know the answer to that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Richards says it's reasonable to think the gap in cognitive function between high-volume TV watchers and infrequent watchers might widen over the years. For some, the early decline in cognitive functioning could become serious later in life. \"As the cohort ages, you would expect that rate of decline to become rather more rapid, with some people moving into clinical outcomes like dementia,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, researchers have noticed that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239176\">physical exercise\u003c/a> might help protect against Alzheimer's or dementia later in life. Perhaps exercise could counteract all that TV, too. But if you're watching something trashy and can't get off the couch, maybe just, you know, go read a book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Too+Much+TV+And+Chill+Could+Reduce+Brain+Power+Over+Time&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When I kick back to watch a show, I tell myself I'm just going to watch one episode. But 45 minutes later, I'm watching another. And then another. For the rest of the day. There are a lot of things that TV and chilling can lead to, but among the less fun? Maybe more cognitive decline over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco checked in with 3,247 people for 25 years, starting when they were young adults. Every five years, they asked participants to estimate how much TV they watched daily. Every two to five years, the researchers looked at how much physical exercise people got. At the end of the 25 years, when the participants were in their 40s and 50s, they all took three tests that measured their memory, focus, and mental and physical quickness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>People who got little exercise or watched at least three hours of TV a day did worse on tests measuring cognitive focus and speed than those who got more exercise or watched less TV, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2471270\">study\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>JAMA Psychiatry \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then people who had both low physical activity and high TV had even worse performance. It was an even bigger effect,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/kristine.yaffe\">Dr. Kristine Yaffe\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at UCSF and senior author on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of that loss of brain power could be because just sitting around motionless isn't very good for us. Scientists have known that lack of physical exercise could be a big risk factor in cognitive decline, says \u003ca href=\"https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=MRICH78\">Marcus Richards\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University College London who was not involved in the study. \"But we don't know much about sedentary behavior [and cognition] right now,\" he says. If people who spend a lot of time binge-watching TV are doing so half-comatose on a cushion, they might not be doing their brain any favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps it's something about TV watching itself, Yaffe thinks. \"Is it because by watching a lot of TV, you're not challenging your brain?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaffe's team didn't look at whether people were watching smart, intellectual documentaries or mind-numbing shows like \u003cem>The Bachelor\u003c/em> or \u003cem>The Apprentice\u003c/em> for over three hours daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some TV shows can be cognitively stimulating, and there's some evidence that cognitively stimulating activities can be protective and beneficial,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.brandeis.edu/facultyguide/person.html?emplid=a2b62c935b12262ab75d8f65acb2285d91e43a91\">Margie Lachman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Brandeis University who was not involved in the study. Perhaps some content is better for your brain than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study wasn't able to test the participant's cognitive function when they were young adults, either. It's possible that people who score lower on the tests are more likely to watch more TV than the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People with low cognitive function perhaps are less likely to engage in physical activity, and maybe more likely to engage in sedentary behaviors,\" Lachman says. Similarly, other studies have found that binge-watching TV is more \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/04/383527370/does-binge-watching-make-us-depressed-good-question\">common among depressed people\u003c/a>, but that doesn't mean it causes depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In either case, Yaffe says the decline in people's cognition speed and focus, while significant, wasn't huge – certainly not enough to affect someone's daily life. \"The question is what does it mean if you're 50 and you've got these slight changes? Does it mean you're on a path to greater changes down the line or does not make a difference? I don't think we really know the answer to that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Richards says it's reasonable to think the gap in cognitive function between high-volume TV watchers and infrequent watchers might widen over the years. For some, the early decline in cognitive functioning could become serious later in life. \"As the cohort ages, you would expect that rate of decline to become rather more rapid, with some people moving into clinical outcomes like dementia,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, researchers have noticed that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239176\">physical exercise\u003c/a> might help protect against Alzheimer's or dementia later in life. Perhaps exercise could counteract all that TV, too. But if you're watching something trashy and can't get off the couch, maybe just, you know, go read a book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Too+Much+TV+And+Chill+Could+Reduce+Brain+Power+Over+Time&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Cure for AIDS: Scientists Say It's 'On the Horizon'",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>aul Volberding is a UCSF oncologist who treated San Francisco's first HIV patients in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The patients were, in many cases, blind and demented and had cancer and had infections in their brains causing pressure and headaches,\" says Volberding. \"People now can’t imagine it, it was so bad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volberding says for years, HIV infection was a rapid death sentence. But in the 35 years since the epidemic began—thanks to sophisticated anti-retrovirals—it’s become a chronic illness that people can live with for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, on the eve of World AIDS Day, UCSF is scheduled to announce that it's receiving a $20 million grant to find a cure for AIDS over the next five years. It's part of a $100 million effort by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Foundation for AIDS Research\u003c/a> or amfAR, to fund the most promising research that could lead to curing AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long ago this might have sounded unbelievable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65878\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 766px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Paul-Volberding_1981-e1447277818233.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65878\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Paul-Volberding_1981-766x600.jpg\" alt=\"In 1981 Marcus Conant, MD (left) and Paul Volberding, MD (right) discuss Kaposi's Sarcoma, a disease that became one of the original AIDS-defining illnesses. \" width=\"766\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1981, Dr. Marcus Conant (left) and Dr. Paul Volberding (right) discuss Kaposi's Sarcoma, which became one of the original AIDS-defining illnesses. \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it would have felt a lot like a moonshot, maybe five or six years ago,” Volberding says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, Volberding's lab and others in San Francisco are working for that moonshot: to develop treatments over the next several years that can drive the viral load down low enough that the body's own immune system can control or eliminate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it can be done anywhere, it can be done here,\" he says. \"It's a really exciting moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Problem With Treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"http://hab.hrsa.gov/livinghistory/timeline/1987.htm\" target=\"_blank\">approved zidovudine or AZT\u003c/a> in 1987; it was the first antiretroviral medication to treat HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1996, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/research/tap/\" target=\"_blank\">drug \"cocktails\" to treat HIV\u003c/a> became the standard of care for most patients. These highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART) helped manage the patient's viral load, maintained function of the immune system and prevented infections that could become fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After HAART became widespread, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/chartbook.htm\" target=\"_blank\">reported a marked reduction in HIV-related deaths\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these medications have side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antiretrovirals are not a panacea,\" says amfAR CEO Kevin Robert Frost, who's based at the organization's headquarters in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72312\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72312 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-480x600.jpg\" alt=\"A Kenneth Cole/amfAR ad from 1993 when 234,225 died of AIDS.\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-480x600.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-400x500.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756.jpg 574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Kenneth Cole/amfAR ad from 1993 when 234,225 people died of AIDS. \u003ccite>(amfAR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Frost says the drugs have side effects that include chronic inflammation and a range of infections that attack the weakened immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why amfAR is spending $100 million to find a cure for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/worldwide-aids-stats/\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 37 million people living with HIV\u003c/a> around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only real way out of an epidemic like this is through a cure and a vaccine,\" says Frost. \"Because we’re gonna have to cure the people who have it now and we’re gonna have to vaccinate those to prevent them from getting it in the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Shock and Kill' the Virus\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many HIV patients, TJ Lee is active and pain-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you get on meds and take care of yourself, you can live a very normal life,\" says Lee, who has been HIV-positive for 16 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco resident takes just one pill a day to manage his HIV. As a program manager at the San Francisco AIDS Foundation he works with newly diagnosed people who don't know HIV is no longer a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had somebody call me about a month ago,\" Lee says. \"He recently found out he had HIV and he thought he was going to die soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who have access to treatment, that's not really a concern anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even people who are free of symptoms can have HIV lying dormant in their body’s T cells for years. The inactive virus could one day become active and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating that latent virus is the focus of UCSF's research. With the $20 million amfAR grant, Volberding wants to target these viral cells with a method he calls shock and kill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Shock and Kill Method of Eliminating the Virus\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-66472 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-800x230.jpg\" alt=\"Shock and kill_edited\" width=\"800\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-800x230.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-400x115.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-1180x339.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-960x276.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1.jpg 1592w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the virus is dormant, we first need to wake up that cell to start producing the virus, that’s the shock part of it,\" Volberding says. \"And then, once the virus has been activated we want to do something to help the body kill off those cells, to get rid of the virus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have to wake up the virus because when it’s dormant, the infected cell is invisible to the immune system. By shocking it out of latency, scientists can kill the infected cells, and kill the virus as it reproduces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/11/AIDSCure.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This method could be \u003cem>an \u003c/em>answer, Frost says, not \u003cem>the\u003c/em> answer. Researchers are working on multiple ways of reducing the body's viral load, including rapid early treatment to abort the infection and gene therapy to engineer cells to make them resistant to infection. Plus, public health efforts aimed at prevention and treatment will continue to be important, especially in places like sub-Saharan Africa, where 28.5 million people are infected with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t think we’re gonna wake up one day and see a headline in the newspaper that says 'Cure for AIDS Found,'” Frost says. \"It’s not that kind of a disease, it’s much more complicated than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘People who say a cure for AIDS is impossible simply don’t understand the science.’\u003ccite> Kevin Robert Frost,\u003cbr>\namfAR CEO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Because HIV mutates so quickly, he adds, a cure is likely to come in stages—sort of like a cancer model where a patient goes into remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remission would mean a point where the patient doesn’t need treatment, can’t infect anyone, and doesn't have chronic illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re likely to start out curing some of the people some of the time, then more of the people more of the time,\" he says, \"and hopefully get to a place where we cure most of the people most of the time, and everybody who needs it has access to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost says eliminating the virus will take not one, but a series of scientific breakthroughs, as researchers work on all fronts from latency to gene editing and gene therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are those who said space travel would never happen,\" says Frost. \"People who say a cure for AIDS is impossible simply don’t understand the science. We’re going to find a cure for AIDS; I can tell you that without the slightest hesitation or doubt in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Thirty years since the AIDS epidemic broke out, we're closer than ever to finding a cure. And Bay Area scientists are getting $20 million to help find it.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>aul Volberding is a UCSF oncologist who treated San Francisco's first HIV patients in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The patients were, in many cases, blind and demented and had cancer and had infections in their brains causing pressure and headaches,\" says Volberding. \"People now can’t imagine it, it was so bad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volberding says for years, HIV infection was a rapid death sentence. But in the 35 years since the epidemic began—thanks to sophisticated anti-retrovirals—it’s become a chronic illness that people can live with for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, on the eve of World AIDS Day, UCSF is scheduled to announce that it's receiving a $20 million grant to find a cure for AIDS over the next five years. It's part of a $100 million effort by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Foundation for AIDS Research\u003c/a> or amfAR, to fund the most promising research that could lead to curing AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long ago this might have sounded unbelievable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65878\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 766px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Paul-Volberding_1981-e1447277818233.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65878\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Paul-Volberding_1981-766x600.jpg\" alt=\"In 1981 Marcus Conant, MD (left) and Paul Volberding, MD (right) discuss Kaposi's Sarcoma, a disease that became one of the original AIDS-defining illnesses. \" width=\"766\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1981, Dr. Marcus Conant (left) and Dr. Paul Volberding (right) discuss Kaposi's Sarcoma, which became one of the original AIDS-defining illnesses. \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it would have felt a lot like a moonshot, maybe five or six years ago,” Volberding says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, Volberding's lab and others in San Francisco are working for that moonshot: to develop treatments over the next several years that can drive the viral load down low enough that the body's own immune system can control or eliminate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it can be done anywhere, it can be done here,\" he says. \"It's a really exciting moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Problem With Treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"http://hab.hrsa.gov/livinghistory/timeline/1987.htm\" target=\"_blank\">approved zidovudine or AZT\u003c/a> in 1987; it was the first antiretroviral medication to treat HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1996, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/research/tap/\" target=\"_blank\">drug \"cocktails\" to treat HIV\u003c/a> became the standard of care for most patients. These highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART) helped manage the patient's viral load, maintained function of the immune system and prevented infections that could become fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After HAART became widespread, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/chartbook.htm\" target=\"_blank\">reported a marked reduction in HIV-related deaths\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these medications have side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antiretrovirals are not a panacea,\" says amfAR CEO Kevin Robert Frost, who's based at the organization's headquarters in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72312\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72312 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-480x600.jpg\" alt=\"A Kenneth Cole/amfAR ad from 1993 when 234,225 died of AIDS.\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-480x600.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756-400x500.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Kenneth-Cole_AIDS_ad-e1448386139756.jpg 574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Kenneth Cole/amfAR ad from 1993 when 234,225 people died of AIDS. \u003ccite>(amfAR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Frost says the drugs have side effects that include chronic inflammation and a range of infections that attack the weakened immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why amfAR is spending $100 million to find a cure for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/worldwide-aids-stats/\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 37 million people living with HIV\u003c/a> around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only real way out of an epidemic like this is through a cure and a vaccine,\" says Frost. \"Because we’re gonna have to cure the people who have it now and we’re gonna have to vaccinate those to prevent them from getting it in the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Shock and Kill' the Virus\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many HIV patients, TJ Lee is active and pain-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you get on meds and take care of yourself, you can live a very normal life,\" says Lee, who has been HIV-positive for 16 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco resident takes just one pill a day to manage his HIV. As a program manager at the San Francisco AIDS Foundation he works with newly diagnosed people who don't know HIV is no longer a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had somebody call me about a month ago,\" Lee says. \"He recently found out he had HIV and he thought he was going to die soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who have access to treatment, that's not really a concern anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even people who are free of symptoms can have HIV lying dormant in their body’s T cells for years. The inactive virus could one day become active and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating that latent virus is the focus of UCSF's research. With the $20 million amfAR grant, Volberding wants to target these viral cells with a method he calls shock and kill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Shock and Kill Method of Eliminating the Virus\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-66472 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-800x230.jpg\" alt=\"Shock and kill_edited\" width=\"800\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-800x230.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-400x115.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-1180x339.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1-960x276.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Shock-and-kill_edited1.jpg 1592w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the virus is dormant, we first need to wake up that cell to start producing the virus, that’s the shock part of it,\" Volberding says. \"And then, once the virus has been activated we want to do something to help the body kill off those cells, to get rid of the virus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have to wake up the virus because when it’s dormant, the infected cell is invisible to the immune system. By shocking it out of latency, scientists can kill the infected cells, and kill the virus as it reproduces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This method could be \u003cem>an \u003c/em>answer, Frost says, not \u003cem>the\u003c/em> answer. Researchers are working on multiple ways of reducing the body's viral load, including rapid early treatment to abort the infection and gene therapy to engineer cells to make them resistant to infection. Plus, public health efforts aimed at prevention and treatment will continue to be important, especially in places like sub-Saharan Africa, where 28.5 million people are infected with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t think we’re gonna wake up one day and see a headline in the newspaper that says 'Cure for AIDS Found,'” Frost says. \"It’s not that kind of a disease, it’s much more complicated than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘People who say a cure for AIDS is impossible simply don’t understand the science.’\u003ccite> Kevin Robert Frost,\u003cbr>\namfAR CEO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Because HIV mutates so quickly, he adds, a cure is likely to come in stages—sort of like a cancer model where a patient goes into remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remission would mean a point where the patient doesn’t need treatment, can’t infect anyone, and doesn't have chronic illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re likely to start out curing some of the people some of the time, then more of the people more of the time,\" he says, \"and hopefully get to a place where we cure most of the people most of the time, and everybody who needs it has access to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost says eliminating the virus will take not one, but a series of scientific breakthroughs, as researchers work on all fronts from latency to gene editing and gene therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are those who said space travel would never happen,\" says Frost. \"People who say a cure for AIDS is impossible simply don’t understand the science. We’re going to find a cure for AIDS; I can tell you that without the slightest hesitation or doubt in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area scientists have developed a new method to test drugs that are likely to be dangerous for pregnant women and cause heart defects in the fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from UC Berkeley and the Gladstone Institutes, an affiliate of the University of California, San Francisco, grew beating heart tissue from stem cells -- essentially a mini human heart chamber in a dish. Stem cells have the potential to become any type of cell in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers intend to use the system to screen medications intended for pregnant women to detect whether they will likely do any harm to the fetus. Among the most commonly-reported birth defects involve the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birth defects affect three percent of babies born in the United States every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Birth defects are one of the most common causes of infant deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Watch the video below for a demo.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, scientists in the UK developed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/02/stem-cell-research-heart-disease-long-qt\">similar model\u003c/a> to convert skin cells into beating heart cells in a petri dish. Previously, doctors would have needed to surgically remove heart tissue from patients to test new treatments, which is invasive and not practical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still early days for the technology, but the Gladstone Institutes' Dr. Bruce Conklin said the researchers have already tested whether the system could detect any problems with the drug Thalidomide. Thalidomide was prescribed widely in the 1960s for morning sickness but was later withdrawn for causing thousands of birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system proved effective in this early experiment. Normal doses of the drug led to myriad problems, such as lower heart beat rate, compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thalidomide was tested in animals,\" said Dr. Conklin, whose research specializes in human genetics that lead to cardiovascular diseases. \"If they had a human model system in the 1960s, they could have caught it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Thalidomide disaster, Dr. Conklin said it has been very difficult for pharmaceutical companies to get drugs approved for pregnant women. \"They are so cautious,\" he said. But artificially grown, in vitro, miniature organs -- known as \"organoids\" -- could prove effective as a means to test drugs for potential birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say that this technology may replace animal models. Today, researchers will dissect animals at different stages of development to study how organs form. But one of the many drawbacks to testing on animals is that a mouse or pig may respond differently to a drug than a human subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, the researchers say the technology can be adapted to other human organs. Dr. Conklin said he expects that a similar model will benefit cancer patients, who experience cardiac issues as a side effect of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of their research were published this week in the science journal \u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18-qE1s-Kys]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area scientists have developed a new method to test drugs that are likely to be dangerous for pregnant women and cause heart defects in the fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from UC Berkeley and the Gladstone Institutes, an affiliate of the University of California, San Francisco, grew beating heart tissue from stem cells -- essentially a mini human heart chamber in a dish. Stem cells have the potential to become any type of cell in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers intend to use the system to screen medications intended for pregnant women to detect whether they will likely do any harm to the fetus. Among the most commonly-reported birth defects involve the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birth defects affect three percent of babies born in the United States every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Birth defects are one of the most common causes of infant deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Watch the video below for a demo.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, scientists in the UK developed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/02/stem-cell-research-heart-disease-long-qt\">similar model\u003c/a> to convert skin cells into beating heart cells in a petri dish. Previously, doctors would have needed to surgically remove heart tissue from patients to test new treatments, which is invasive and not practical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still early days for the technology, but the Gladstone Institutes' Dr. Bruce Conklin said the researchers have already tested whether the system could detect any problems with the drug Thalidomide. Thalidomide was prescribed widely in the 1960s for morning sickness but was later withdrawn for causing thousands of birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system proved effective in this early experiment. Normal doses of the drug led to myriad problems, such as lower heart beat rate, compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thalidomide was tested in animals,\" said Dr. Conklin, whose research specializes in human genetics that lead to cardiovascular diseases. \"If they had a human model system in the 1960s, they could have caught it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Thalidomide disaster, Dr. Conklin said it has been very difficult for pharmaceutical companies to get drugs approved for pregnant women. \"They are so cautious,\" he said. But artificially grown, in vitro, miniature organs -- known as \"organoids\" -- could prove effective as a means to test drugs for potential birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say that this technology may replace animal models. Today, researchers will dissect animals at different stages of development to study how organs form. But one of the many drawbacks to testing on animals is that a mouse or pig may respond differently to a drug than a human subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, the researchers say the technology can be adapted to other human organs. Dr. Conklin said he expects that a similar model will benefit cancer patients, who experience cardiac issues as a side effect of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of their research were published this week in the science journal \u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/18-qE1s-Kys'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/18-qE1s-Kys'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Your Heart in 3D: Surgeons Can Now Practice on a Simulation",
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"headTitle": "Heart health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>How can you distinguish between a good surgeon and an exceptional surgeon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to some medical experts, it's that all-too-rare ability to visualize a human organ in three dimensions from little more than a scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The handful of the top surgeons in the world are like sculptors,\" said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, a director at the \u003ca href=\"http://gladstoneinstitutes.org/\">Gladstone Institute\u003c/a> of Cardiovascular Disease in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When cardiovascular surgeons go in to repair a defect in the heart, their success is so often dependent on an ability to \u003cem>see\u003c/em> the anatomy in 3-D in their minds,\" said Srivastava. \"That's more difficult for younger, less experienced surgeons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent advancements in the field of computational modeling may level the playing field in the coming years, particularly for heart surgeons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such technology comes from \u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/\">Dassault Systèmes\u003c/a>, a French company that specializes in 3-D design software to help engineers that build cars and planes avoid potentially-fatal outcomes. So why not surgeons and medical researchers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, Dassault released its highly-realistic digital model of the human heart, which it calls the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/solutions/life-sciences/the-living-heart-project\">Living Heart Project\u003c/a>.\" Doctors \u003ca href=\"http://www.betaboston.com/news/2015/05/06/living-heart-project-brings-a-beat-to-3-d/\">wear special 3-D glasses and use a joystick\u003c/a> to zoom in to a ventricle or valve, while listening to every heartbeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that universities and medical device makers will use the simulation to come up with new personalized treatments for common heart diseases and potentially improve surgical outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We take a [patient's] scan, reconstruct it into a 3-D model, and test all the possibilities before a heart surgery,\" said Dr. Steve Levine, chief strategy officer and director for the Living Heart Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-3260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-800x584.jpg\" alt=\"Dassault has developed a digital model of a human heart\" width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-800x584.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-400x292.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-1180x862.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-960x701.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3.jpg 1406w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dassault has developed a digital model of a human heart \u003ccite>(Dassault Systèmes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For now, the company is focusing its attention on simulating the heart, as opposed to other organs. That's because heart disease is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm\">leading cause of death \u003c/a>in the United States, and accounts for one in every four deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hospitals are already using the design software to simulate the effects of routine medical procedures or experiment with solutions to common problems, like heart attacks. In the future, surgeons may leverage computational models before selecting a therapy or drug for individual patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dassault hopes that medical device makers will also use the Living Heart Project's technology for research and development. It may help these companies pinpoint which new ideas are likely to prove effective, and whether it's worth the investment in clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The software is available for free to organizations that agree to conduct research and share its findings with the project. Otherwise, its licenses start at $15,000 per year for commercial use, with educational licenses starting at $500 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recruiting Partners in Health Care \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Dassault is a $3 billion company few people have heard of,\" said Levine, who spoke with\u003cem> KQED \u003c/em>during a recent trip to Europe. \"We operate in the background.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Dassault's executive team has re-focused the company on sectors outside of heavy manufacturing. Levine refers to this new approach as \"modeling life and nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Living Heart Project, Levine's team put out calls to researchers at some of the top hospitals around the world to share their findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, it has recruited 45 \"members\" or partners from the scientific community, who were independently researching cardiac disease or a function of the heart. Researchers from the Mayo Clinic, Stanford University and the University of Oxford,\u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/solutions/life-sciences/the-living-heart-project\"> among others,\u003c/a> have opted to test-drive the simulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company consolidated the research and used its engineering know-how to build a simulation of a baseline human heart. Now, the company can turn a 2-D scan, from an individual patient, and convert it into a 3-D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said federal regulators initially wanted to take a 'watch and wait' approach when informed about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told them [the U.S. Food and Drug Administration], you can't sit on the sidelines as non-participants. You have to get involved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the agency agreed to collaborate with Dassault on a five-year research project, which will focus on testing the reliability of pacemaker leads (the thin wires that carry an electrical impulse from the device to the heart.) But the agency stressed that it will not necessarily endorse any of the computational models that are developed as part of the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA expects that doctors will someday use simulation technology for planning purposes \u003cem>and\u003c/em> clinical decision-making. But it's still early days, so the agency cautioned doctors to invest resources into assessing the credibility of these new technologies and their potential drawbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"Challenges to greater adoption of computer-modeling include a lack of data for some medical conditions, which makes realistic predictions difficult,\" said \u003c/span>Donna Lochner, a \u003cspan class=\"s1\">senior scientific advisor in the FDA's Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-3270\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-800x343.jpg\" alt=\"Zooming in on the simulation \" width=\"800\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-800x343.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-400x171.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-960x412.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zooming in on the Living Heart Project simulation \u003ccite>(Living Heart Project )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Hammer Looking for a Nail?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the University of California, San Francisco, a team of researchers in the cardiology division are hoping to use the Living Heart Project for one purpose in particular: Determining the optimal time for a patients' valve replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgeons have to strike the right balance between swapping out a valve at the end of its life-cycle, but not leaving it so late that the heart function deteriorates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeffrey Olgin, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsfhealth.org/jeffrey.olgin\">the division's chief\u003c/a>, has been closely following the team's progress. But he is far from convinced that the Living Heart Project will fundamentally transform how we perform surgeries today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He asked, \"Is this a hammer looking for a nail? Or will this change how we practice medicine?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olgin said the Living Heart Project may be no more than a technological solution looking for a problem, but it's too soon to tell. He hasn't seen a convincing study yet that proves the simulation can improve patient outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike manmade objects like cars and planes, it's very difficult to predict how the human heart will respond to stress in the real world. Olgin said he fears that doctors would come to rely too heavily on this technology and medical device makers could pull the plug on promising research if the simulation shows a negative result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The technology doesn't offer the same level of evidence as [medical research on] animals or small pilot human trials,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, the human body doesn't always follow the rules of physics.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrktVIFLqXI&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The \"Living Heart Project\" lets doctors take a virtual tour of the human heart to simulate the effects of common medical procedures. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>How can you distinguish between a good surgeon and an exceptional surgeon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to some medical experts, it's that all-too-rare ability to visualize a human organ in three dimensions from little more than a scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The handful of the top surgeons in the world are like sculptors,\" said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, a director at the \u003ca href=\"http://gladstoneinstitutes.org/\">Gladstone Institute\u003c/a> of Cardiovascular Disease in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When cardiovascular surgeons go in to repair a defect in the heart, their success is so often dependent on an ability to \u003cem>see\u003c/em> the anatomy in 3-D in their minds,\" said Srivastava. \"That's more difficult for younger, less experienced surgeons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent advancements in the field of computational modeling may level the playing field in the coming years, particularly for heart surgeons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such technology comes from \u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/\">Dassault Systèmes\u003c/a>, a French company that specializes in 3-D design software to help engineers that build cars and planes avoid potentially-fatal outcomes. So why not surgeons and medical researchers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, Dassault released its highly-realistic digital model of the human heart, which it calls the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/solutions/life-sciences/the-living-heart-project\">Living Heart Project\u003c/a>.\" Doctors \u003ca href=\"http://www.betaboston.com/news/2015/05/06/living-heart-project-brings-a-beat-to-3-d/\">wear special 3-D glasses and use a joystick\u003c/a> to zoom in to a ventricle or valve, while listening to every heartbeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that universities and medical device makers will use the simulation to come up with new personalized treatments for common heart diseases and potentially improve surgical outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We take a [patient's] scan, reconstruct it into a 3-D model, and test all the possibilities before a heart surgery,\" said Dr. Steve Levine, chief strategy officer and director for the Living Heart Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-3260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-800x584.jpg\" alt=\"Dassault has developed a digital model of a human heart\" width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-800x584.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-400x292.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-1180x862.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-960x701.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3.jpg 1406w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dassault has developed a digital model of a human heart \u003ccite>(Dassault Systèmes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For now, the company is focusing its attention on simulating the heart, as opposed to other organs. That's because heart disease is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm\">leading cause of death \u003c/a>in the United States, and accounts for one in every four deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hospitals are already using the design software to simulate the effects of routine medical procedures or experiment with solutions to common problems, like heart attacks. In the future, surgeons may leverage computational models before selecting a therapy or drug for individual patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dassault hopes that medical device makers will also use the Living Heart Project's technology for research and development. It may help these companies pinpoint which new ideas are likely to prove effective, and whether it's worth the investment in clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The software is available for free to organizations that agree to conduct research and share its findings with the project. Otherwise, its licenses start at $15,000 per year for commercial use, with educational licenses starting at $500 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recruiting Partners in Health Care \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Dassault is a $3 billion company few people have heard of,\" said Levine, who spoke with\u003cem> KQED \u003c/em>during a recent trip to Europe. \"We operate in the background.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Dassault's executive team has re-focused the company on sectors outside of heavy manufacturing. Levine refers to this new approach as \"modeling life and nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Living Heart Project, Levine's team put out calls to researchers at some of the top hospitals around the world to share their findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, it has recruited 45 \"members\" or partners from the scientific community, who were independently researching cardiac disease or a function of the heart. Researchers from the Mayo Clinic, Stanford University and the University of Oxford,\u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/solutions/life-sciences/the-living-heart-project\"> among others,\u003c/a> have opted to test-drive the simulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company consolidated the research and used its engineering know-how to build a simulation of a baseline human heart. Now, the company can turn a 2-D scan, from an individual patient, and convert it into a 3-D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said federal regulators initially wanted to take a 'watch and wait' approach when informed about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told them [the U.S. Food and Drug Administration], you can't sit on the sidelines as non-participants. You have to get involved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the agency agreed to collaborate with Dassault on a five-year research project, which will focus on testing the reliability of pacemaker leads (the thin wires that carry an electrical impulse from the device to the heart.) But the agency stressed that it will not necessarily endorse any of the computational models that are developed as part of the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA expects that doctors will someday use simulation technology for planning purposes \u003cem>and\u003c/em> clinical decision-making. But it's still early days, so the agency cautioned doctors to invest resources into assessing the credibility of these new technologies and their potential drawbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"Challenges to greater adoption of computer-modeling include a lack of data for some medical conditions, which makes realistic predictions difficult,\" said \u003c/span>Donna Lochner, a \u003cspan class=\"s1\">senior scientific advisor in the FDA's Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-3270\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-800x343.jpg\" alt=\"Zooming in on the simulation \" width=\"800\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-800x343.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-400x171.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-960x412.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zooming in on the Living Heart Project simulation \u003ccite>(Living Heart Project )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Hammer Looking for a Nail?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the University of California, San Francisco, a team of researchers in the cardiology division are hoping to use the Living Heart Project for one purpose in particular: Determining the optimal time for a patients' valve replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgeons have to strike the right balance between swapping out a valve at the end of its life-cycle, but not leaving it so late that the heart function deteriorates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeffrey Olgin, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsfhealth.org/jeffrey.olgin\">the division's chief\u003c/a>, has been closely following the team's progress. But he is far from convinced that the Living Heart Project will fundamentally transform how we perform surgeries today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He asked, \"Is this a hammer looking for a nail? Or will this change how we practice medicine?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olgin said the Living Heart Project may be no more than a technological solution looking for a problem, but it's too soon to tell. He hasn't seen a convincing study yet that proves the simulation can improve patient outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike manmade objects like cars and planes, it's very difficult to predict how the human heart will respond to stress in the real world. Olgin said he fears that doctors would come to rely too heavily on this technology and medical device makers could pull the plug on promising research if the simulation shows a negative result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The technology doesn't offer the same level of evidence as [medical research on] animals or small pilot human trials,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, the human body doesn't always follow the rules of physics.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Meet the Man Leading California's $3M 'Precision Medicine' Initiative",
"title": "Meet the Man Leading California's $3M 'Precision Medicine' Initiative",
"headTitle": "Q&A | Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\"Precision medicine\" may seem like a vague and futuristic term. But for President Obama and other policymakers, it represents the future of cancer treatment and care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, doctors would prescribe treatments that work for some or most people -- a \"one sized fits all\" approach. But precision medicine proposes that care providers treat patients on an individual basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the state of California stepped up its efforts to deliver more targeted health care by setting aside $3 million for precision medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program relies on support from patients, caregivers and researchers, including doctors and nurses. Many health experts are already on board, as precision medicine could dramatically improve how we treat serious diseases, like cancer and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2.jpg\" alt=\"A timeline of precision medicine milestones\" width=\"370\" height=\"1190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2.jpg 370w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-187x600.jpg 187w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-367x1180.jpg 367w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-320x1029.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A timeline of precision medicine milestones \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Atul Butte, a physician and computational health buff, has stepped up to lead California's $3 million initiative. \u003cem>KQED's Future of You\u003c/em> discussed with Butte the goals for the program,called the \"California Initiative To Advance Precision Medicine,\" a few of the challenges, and the real benefits for people. This interview has been edited and condensed for brevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do patients understand this \"Precision Medicine\" idea? How will you communicate this initiative to the general public?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honestly, I don't think most people do. We are still trying to define the phrase, and figure out how best to describe it to the public. President Obama mentioned it earlier this year in a speech, and positioned it as a way for the country to try to solve cancer. I use phrases like \"imagine a Google Maps for health\" or \"a new molecular approach to thinking about disease\" -- and I tell people that now we're in a position to really do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The analogy of \"Google Maps for health\" is catchy. Did you come up with it? And what does it mean?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I actually borrowed the term from a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/legacy_files/documents/new-taxonomy.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">2011 report from the Institute of Medicine\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. Susan Desmond-Hellman and \u003ca href=\"http://yamamotolab.ucsf.edu/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Keith Yamamoto\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and others from UCSF were part of a committee to decide what the future of medical research would be. The committee collected health data in all sorts of layers, including a layer for cost of care, for genomics, or for medications. But we are not connecting the dots between these layers. The analogy the committee used is with Google Maps, which pulls together in its visualization traffic data, restaurant ratings, building data and more. You need that kind of data integration for Life Sciences and medicine also.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>KQED \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/03/20/ucsf-white-house-search-for-better-treatments-for-disease/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cb>recently visited your new digs at the UCSF Mission Bay\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb> to meet with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Burwell and discuss the government's plans for Precision Medicine. What new details have emerged since then?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We're not looking at tiny bits of human DNA anymore, but the whole genome.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Well, our plans date back to well before your visit in March. Governor Brown mentioned 'Precision Medicine' in the 2014 State of the Union Address. A pot of money -- $3 million -- was put into the state budget. We've been thinking since then about how to leverage that money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We now know that we're planning to use it in two ways. We will start by collecting data that is necessary for us to provide Precision Medicine. We will determine questions like: Who has the assets? Is it groups of patients or genomics companies?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the money, however, will go to two research pilots. These pilots will be run at multiple sites across the UC Health System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will you pick the two pilots? Will you setup a committee to evaluate all the proposals? And which diseases are you focusing on first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We envision that all ten of the UC campuses will put in proposals. We may also get entries from Stanford and other California medical schools, as well as private biotech companies. We'll put together a committee in the next few weeks to decide on the two that will receive funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're hoping that different campuses will work together and exchange relevant data. For instance, if two of the UC schools are exceptionally great at taking care of patients with breast cancer, they could pool data to develop specific drug therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer is an obvious target for Precision Medicine, and a lot of people are talking about that. We could also help kids with rare diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will you deal with some of the challenges of sharing data across different medical institutions? As recent articles \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/broken-medical-records\">(including a two-part series from KQED) \u003c/a>have demonstrated, much of this data isn't stored in a format that computers can ingest. And as you gather this sensitive data, how will you protect it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this data is structured, which makes it easier for a computer to sort. But some of it, like imaging studies and text-based medical reports, are very difficult to process. There are some tools we can use, but we envision that many more tools will be developed in the next few years, whether it's from academia or private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing to highlight is that we want to make sure patients are involved in the process. We will make sure the data is anonymized and de-identified. We don't need to know who these patients are. We'll also be adding ethics and privacy advocates on the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>$3 million is a drop in the bucket when it comes to health care. Are you disappointed that there aren't more funds for the initiative?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankly, I am thrilled there is any money at all. Money for science from state budgets is hard to come by! But there may be more money in the future, potentially from private investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speaking of patients, how will people benefit from this initiative in real and tangible ways? The initiative seems quite vague in its scope.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's be clear: This is a modest sum of money that will be spent on short-term trials. Some patients might enroll in these studies, particularly as existing studies expand to more UC centers. Those who participate at the early stages can learn about genetics. But the experience will not change for the average Californian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you get involved in this field of \"computational health sciences\"? Will there be a hot market for jobs like this, which combine computer science and medicine skill-sets?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started my career as a computer scientist, and used to work as a contractor for big companies like Apple. I later attended medical school and trained as a pediatrician. My advisors convinced me to go to \u003ca href=\"http://web.mit.edu/\">The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to earn a PhD. \u003c/a>After graduating, I set up a lab to figure out how to better use medical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just moved over to UCSF from Stanford at the beginning of April to build out the Institute for Computational Health Science. We'll be recruiting heavily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field of bioinformatics has been important for some time, but the significance is new. We're not looking at tiny bits of human DNA anymore, but the whole genome. The scope is much bigger. Bioinformatics is absolutely the career of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What brought you to UCSF after over a decade at Stanford?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Bioinformatics is absolutely the career of the future.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I loved Stanford, but UCSF offered two things I couldn't get there. It's a major medical center with large patient populations and resources that are required to build out a whole program in computational health. We're going to build a new building -- you need a large set of resources for that. Also, I have this physician link across all the UC health campuses. That's 13 million patients! We can really learn a lot from them, while we work to improve the consistency of care across the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you have any plans for new research that would reduce inefficiencies and help keep health care costs under control? And how about pricing, which can wildly differ between California hospitals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there are a lot of inefficiencies in our health care system. I think data might shed light on where we can improve. I am hopeful we can reduce health care costs. How can we remove the piece that isn't needed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pricing depends on a complicated system of players, including payers. If I can even partially solve the cost problem, I'll see that as a success. Pricing is a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will the private sector get involved with this initiative? And are you looking at involving digital health tools from Silicon Valley's startups?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we expect that private industry will want to get involved. I have been getting tons of emails already from companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We envision that these pilots will draw on resources from the tech world, like Apple's ResearchKit, which offers an interesting way to recruit patients. We would also encourage research teams to use new tools and partner with companies like Apple or Samsung to get more outcomes data on their patients. What are patients like at home? How healthy are their habits? We need more real-world data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am definitely optimistic about the role of technology in health care. Computers and digitization really has helped. We just need to make sure people aren't being left behind as we move into this digital age, and that everyone makes these transition away from paper-based systems in a safe and effective way.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The state of California just launched a $3 million \"Precision Medicine\" initiative. The project's leader, Dr. Atul Butte, opens up to KQED about some of the key challenges, including efforts to safeguard patient privacy. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"Precision medicine\" may seem like a vague and futuristic term. But for President Obama and other policymakers, it represents the future of cancer treatment and care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, doctors would prescribe treatments that work for some or most people -- a \"one sized fits all\" approach. But precision medicine proposes that care providers treat patients on an individual basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the state of California stepped up its efforts to deliver more targeted health care by setting aside $3 million for precision medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program relies on support from patients, caregivers and researchers, including doctors and nurses. Many health experts are already on board, as precision medicine could dramatically improve how we treat serious diseases, like cancer and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2.jpg\" alt=\"A timeline of precision medicine milestones\" width=\"370\" height=\"1190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2.jpg 370w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-187x600.jpg 187w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-367x1180.jpg 367w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-320x1029.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A timeline of precision medicine milestones \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Atul Butte, a physician and computational health buff, has stepped up to lead California's $3 million initiative. \u003cem>KQED's Future of You\u003c/em> discussed with Butte the goals for the program,called the \"California Initiative To Advance Precision Medicine,\" a few of the challenges, and the real benefits for people. This interview has been edited and condensed for brevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do patients understand this \"Precision Medicine\" idea? How will you communicate this initiative to the general public?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honestly, I don't think most people do. We are still trying to define the phrase, and figure out how best to describe it to the public. President Obama mentioned it earlier this year in a speech, and positioned it as a way for the country to try to solve cancer. I use phrases like \"imagine a Google Maps for health\" or \"a new molecular approach to thinking about disease\" -- and I tell people that now we're in a position to really do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The analogy of \"Google Maps for health\" is catchy. Did you come up with it? And what does it mean?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I actually borrowed the term from a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/legacy_files/documents/new-taxonomy.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">2011 report from the Institute of Medicine\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. Susan Desmond-Hellman and \u003ca href=\"http://yamamotolab.ucsf.edu/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Keith Yamamoto\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and others from UCSF were part of a committee to decide what the future of medical research would be. The committee collected health data in all sorts of layers, including a layer for cost of care, for genomics, or for medications. But we are not connecting the dots between these layers. The analogy the committee used is with Google Maps, which pulls together in its visualization traffic data, restaurant ratings, building data and more. You need that kind of data integration for Life Sciences and medicine also.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>KQED \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/03/20/ucsf-white-house-search-for-better-treatments-for-disease/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cb>recently visited your new digs at the UCSF Mission Bay\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb> to meet with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Burwell and discuss the government's plans for Precision Medicine. What new details have emerged since then?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We're not looking at tiny bits of human DNA anymore, but the whole genome.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Well, our plans date back to well before your visit in March. Governor Brown mentioned 'Precision Medicine' in the 2014 State of the Union Address. A pot of money -- $3 million -- was put into the state budget. We've been thinking since then about how to leverage that money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We now know that we're planning to use it in two ways. We will start by collecting data that is necessary for us to provide Precision Medicine. We will determine questions like: Who has the assets? Is it groups of patients or genomics companies?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the money, however, will go to two research pilots. These pilots will be run at multiple sites across the UC Health System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will you pick the two pilots? Will you setup a committee to evaluate all the proposals? And which diseases are you focusing on first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We envision that all ten of the UC campuses will put in proposals. We may also get entries from Stanford and other California medical schools, as well as private biotech companies. We'll put together a committee in the next few weeks to decide on the two that will receive funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're hoping that different campuses will work together and exchange relevant data. For instance, if two of the UC schools are exceptionally great at taking care of patients with breast cancer, they could pool data to develop specific drug therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer is an obvious target for Precision Medicine, and a lot of people are talking about that. We could also help kids with rare diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will you deal with some of the challenges of sharing data across different medical institutions? As recent articles \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/broken-medical-records\">(including a two-part series from KQED) \u003c/a>have demonstrated, much of this data isn't stored in a format that computers can ingest. And as you gather this sensitive data, how will you protect it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this data is structured, which makes it easier for a computer to sort. But some of it, like imaging studies and text-based medical reports, are very difficult to process. There are some tools we can use, but we envision that many more tools will be developed in the next few years, whether it's from academia or private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing to highlight is that we want to make sure patients are involved in the process. We will make sure the data is anonymized and de-identified. We don't need to know who these patients are. We'll also be adding ethics and privacy advocates on the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>$3 million is a drop in the bucket when it comes to health care. Are you disappointed that there aren't more funds for the initiative?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankly, I am thrilled there is any money at all. Money for science from state budgets is hard to come by! But there may be more money in the future, potentially from private investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speaking of patients, how will people benefit from this initiative in real and tangible ways? The initiative seems quite vague in its scope.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's be clear: This is a modest sum of money that will be spent on short-term trials. Some patients might enroll in these studies, particularly as existing studies expand to more UC centers. Those who participate at the early stages can learn about genetics. But the experience will not change for the average Californian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you get involved in this field of \"computational health sciences\"? Will there be a hot market for jobs like this, which combine computer science and medicine skill-sets?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started my career as a computer scientist, and used to work as a contractor for big companies like Apple. I later attended medical school and trained as a pediatrician. My advisors convinced me to go to \u003ca href=\"http://web.mit.edu/\">The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to earn a PhD. \u003c/a>After graduating, I set up a lab to figure out how to better use medical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just moved over to UCSF from Stanford at the beginning of April to build out the Institute for Computational Health Science. We'll be recruiting heavily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field of bioinformatics has been important for some time, but the significance is new. We're not looking at tiny bits of human DNA anymore, but the whole genome. The scope is much bigger. Bioinformatics is absolutely the career of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What brought you to UCSF after over a decade at Stanford?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Bioinformatics is absolutely the career of the future.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I loved Stanford, but UCSF offered two things I couldn't get there. It's a major medical center with large patient populations and resources that are required to build out a whole program in computational health. We're going to build a new building -- you need a large set of resources for that. Also, I have this physician link across all the UC health campuses. That's 13 million patients! We can really learn a lot from them, while we work to improve the consistency of care across the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you have any plans for new research that would reduce inefficiencies and help keep health care costs under control? And how about pricing, which can wildly differ between California hospitals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there are a lot of inefficiencies in our health care system. I think data might shed light on where we can improve. I am hopeful we can reduce health care costs. How can we remove the piece that isn't needed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pricing depends on a complicated system of players, including payers. If I can even partially solve the cost problem, I'll see that as a success. Pricing is a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will the private sector get involved with this initiative? And are you looking at involving digital health tools from Silicon Valley's startups?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we expect that private industry will want to get involved. I have been getting tons of emails already from companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We envision that these pilots will draw on resources from the tech world, like Apple's ResearchKit, which offers an interesting way to recruit patients. We would also encourage research teams to use new tools and partner with companies like Apple or Samsung to get more outcomes data on their patients. What are patients like at home? How healthy are their habits? We need more real-world data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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