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"content": "\u003cp>When Facebook suffered an outage of about six hours on Monday, businesses suffered along with it. The platform and its Instagram and WhatsApp siblings play key roles in commerce, with some companies relying on Facebook's network instead of their own websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Monday, that network came crashing down. It wasn't a hack, Facebook said, but rather a self-inflicted problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An update to Facebook's routers that coordinate network traffic went wrong, sending a wave of disruptions rippling through its systems. As a result, all things Facebook were effectively shut down, worldwide.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So, what happened?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This week's outage struck around 11:40 a.m. ET. At about 6:30 p.m. ET, the company announced that it had resolved the problem and was bringing services back online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11890948\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344804031-1020x702.jpg\"]In an update on the outage, Facebook said that \"[c]onfiguration changes on the backbone routers that coordinate network traffic between our data centers\" blocked their ability to communicate and set off a cascade of network failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That explanation suggests the problem arose between Facebook and the Border Gateway Protocol, a vital tool underlying the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border Gateway Protocol is often compared with the GPS system or the Postal Service. Similar to ideas like map coordinates or ZIP codes, the system tells the rest of the world where to route traffic and information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a company can't use the gateway protocol, it's as if their online domains simply don't exist. But that didn't stop webpages, searches and messages from looking for Facebook's properties. And that, in turn, led to other problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many organizations saw network disruptions and slowness thanks to billions of devices constantly asking for the current coordinates of facebook.com, instagram.com and whatsapp.com,\" tech expert Brian Krebs noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage came as Facebook faces intense scrutiny over its products and policies — including a whistleblower who is testifying before a Senate subcommittee on Tuesday — prompting some to wonder whether the company had been hacked. But the company said it was simply \"a faulty configuration change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also stressed that there is \"no evidence that user data was compromised as a result of this downtime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why did the outage last so long?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The problem was made worse — and its solution more elusive — because the outage also whacked Facebook's own internal systems and tools that it relies on for daily operations. Employees also reportedly faced difficulty in physically reaching the space where the routers are housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From a technical perspective, they're going to have to review what they do and how they've designed things,\" cybersecurity expert Barrett Lyon said in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage cost the company tens of millions of dollars, MarketWatch says, comparing the company's lost hours with its most recent revenue report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disruption stands as one of Facebook's worst setbacks since a 2019 incident that took the platform offline for nearly 24 hours — an outage that, like Monday's, was attributed to a change in Facebook's server configuration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday's Facebook outage lasted nearly an entire working day, leaving some businesses rattled and online habits frustrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people use Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp to share photos and videos with their family and friends, but many businesses use the platforms as a primary tool, using them to advertise, connect with customers and sell products and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='tech']Christopher Sumner, the owner of Lowcountry Overstock, a small clothing store based in South Carolina, says that while Monday's outage didn't severely impact sales, his main concern was losing touch with customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had longer periods when we've been locked out of Facebook completely, but our main concern was customer relations and not being able to communicate with customers,\" Sumner told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sumner said they regularly make sales on Facebook Marketplace, the website's ecommerce platform. Despite Monday's disruption, Sumner says the recent outage isn't enough to make him take his business completely off Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While yes, there's been a few operational problems from the beginning with Facebook Marketplace, we wouldn't move our entire business or any portion of it, just because the sales are so good,\" Sumner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor's note\u003c/strong>: Facebook is among NPR's financial supporters.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In an update on the outage, Facebook said that \"[c]onfiguration changes on the backbone routers that coordinate network traffic between our data centers\" blocked their ability to communicate and set off a cascade of network failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That explanation suggests the problem arose between Facebook and the Border Gateway Protocol, a vital tool underlying the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border Gateway Protocol is often compared with the GPS system or the Postal Service. Similar to ideas like map coordinates or ZIP codes, the system tells the rest of the world where to route traffic and information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a company can't use the gateway protocol, it's as if their online domains simply don't exist. But that didn't stop webpages, searches and messages from looking for Facebook's properties. And that, in turn, led to other problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many organizations saw network disruptions and slowness thanks to billions of devices constantly asking for the current coordinates of facebook.com, instagram.com and whatsapp.com,\" tech expert Brian Krebs noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage came as Facebook faces intense scrutiny over its products and policies — including a whistleblower who is testifying before a Senate subcommittee on Tuesday — prompting some to wonder whether the company had been hacked. But the company said it was simply \"a faulty configuration change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also stressed that there is \"no evidence that user data was compromised as a result of this downtime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why did the outage last so long?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The problem was made worse — and its solution more elusive — because the outage also whacked Facebook's own internal systems and tools that it relies on for daily operations. Employees also reportedly faced difficulty in physically reaching the space where the routers are housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From a technical perspective, they're going to have to review what they do and how they've designed things,\" cybersecurity expert Barrett Lyon said in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage cost the company tens of millions of dollars, MarketWatch says, comparing the company's lost hours with its most recent revenue report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disruption stands as one of Facebook's worst setbacks since a 2019 incident that took the platform offline for nearly 24 hours — an outage that, like Monday's, was attributed to a change in Facebook's server configuration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday's Facebook outage lasted nearly an entire working day, leaving some businesses rattled and online habits frustrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people use Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp to share photos and videos with their family and friends, but many businesses use the platforms as a primary tool, using them to advertise, connect with customers and sell products and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Christopher Sumner, the owner of Lowcountry Overstock, a small clothing store based in South Carolina, says that while Monday's outage didn't severely impact sales, his main concern was losing touch with customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had longer periods when we've been locked out of Facebook completely, but our main concern was customer relations and not being able to communicate with customers,\" Sumner told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sumner said they regularly make sales on Facebook Marketplace, the website's ecommerce platform. Despite Monday's disruption, Sumner says the recent outage isn't enough to make him take his business completely off Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While yes, there's been a few operational problems from the beginning with Facebook Marketplace, we wouldn't move our entire business or any portion of it, just because the sales are so good,\" Sumner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor's note\u003c/strong>: Facebook is among NPR's financial supporters.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you’ve spent any time at all in Redwood City, you know what we’re talking about: The sign! (Or signs, plural.) They say “Redwood City” across the top, and, in smaller font, is the city’s slogan: “Climate Best by Government Test.” Been there forever. Sounds kinda official. But is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does Redwood City actually have the best weather?” asks Lauren Tankeh of San Carlos, which lies just north of Redwood City. “I think it’s a little nicer in San Carlos. I think we actually have nicer weather.” There seems to be a somewhat competitive quality to Tankeh’s query. Time for a climate throw-down here in the Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Michael Svanevik, historian and retired professor at the College of San Mateo, the sign’s origin dates back to 1925. At the time, Peninsula farmland had long given way to the suburbs of San Francisco, thanks to two things: the railroad that runs from San Francisco to San José (where Caltrain runs today), and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621122/el-camino-not-so-real-the-true-story-of-the-ancient-road\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Camino Real\u003c/a>, then called the County Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mood of the day was growth. Many of the city founders owned a lot of real estate they bought on the cheap, and they were keen to sell it for profit. Also, there was lots of competition among the cities on the Peninsula, all vying for new residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right after [World War I], they started a number of advertising campaigns to attract people into their different communities,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11890232 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A black-and-white photo of an office, with high windows along one wall, file cabinets, and a few desks. A man sits at one desk, a woman at another, and a second man leans against a cabinet.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1689\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-800x528.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1020x673.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1536x1013.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-2048x1351.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1920x1266.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The younger man, standing in this photo, is likely to be Wilbur Doxsee, the man who coined the phrase Redwood City is known for today. His father, Clarence, was president of the George H. Rice Abstract Company, which is pictured here. \u003ccite>(Courtesy: Redwood City Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Mateo built an amusement park, the ill-fated Pacific City, which may have been the most ambitious concept. Many cities just came up with slogans. Our question-asker Tankeh knows the one for her hometown, San Carlos: “The City of Good Living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11705654,news_11621122,news_11747125\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]In 1925, the Redwood City Chamber of Commerce and the Real Estate Board sponsored a contest for a slogan that would sum up the charms of Redwood City. Conveniently, the guy who won the contest was heavily involved in organizing the contest, in thick with the city founders because he was one himself: Wilbur Doxsee, the president of the Redwood City Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxsee’s winning slogan? The one that beat out 78 other entries? “By Government Test, Our Climate Is Best” — later shortened to the somewhat catchier “Climate Best by Government Test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Svanevik said, “Immediately, somebody came forth and said, ‘Wilbur Doxsee, how do you know that’s true?’ And he said, ‘I don’t. I made it up.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxsee made the slogan up, but Svanevik suspects he was thinking of his friend, amateur meteorologist Henry C. Finkler. “He owned all the property that is today [Edgewood Park],” said Svanevik. That’s more than 450 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11890238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"This is believed to be the earliest known photo of Redwood City's "Climate Best by Government Test" slogan.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1687\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1536x1012.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-2048x1350.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1920x1265.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is believed to be the earliest known photo of Redwood City’s “Climate Best by Government Test” slogan. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Redwood City Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Henry C. Finkler was a bicyclist. And he became, I have to say, fanatically interested in weather. And he recorded, every day he rode down the hill, what the air temperature was, what the winds were, the number of days of rain,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s Finkler who first claimed there were only three parts of the world that had perfect weather: the Canary Islands off the coast of northwestern Africa, North Africa’s Mediterranean Coast, and anything within a 20-mile radius of Redwood City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finkler was buddies with a fellow cyclist, Franklin Lane, who was secretary of the interior under Woodrow Wilson when the U.S. got involved in World War I. Lane remembered his buddy Finkler with the weather research and, on the basis of that, convinced President Wilson to establish one of the first military bases on the West Coast, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705654/wwi-and-the-peninsulas-forgotten-contribution-to-the-war-effort\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Camp Fremont\u003c/a>, in Menlo Park. (This put Menlo Park on the map, so to speak.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way Doxsee may have been inspired comes from a nonmilitary, German weather survey conducted before World War I by the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, a government research outfit in Berlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 1912, the German government asked counselor agents all over the world to send in statistics about weather in their area. Need I tell you not many people keep weather statistics. Well, Henry Finkler has it all,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theory goes: Doxsee read an article in The San Francisco Chronicle about the climate survey, and this was how Finkler’s assessment of Redwood City got national, and even international, attention. Doxsee’s slogan sealed the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel almost cheated,” said our listener upon learning how bogus the science behind the sign was. She was thinking this story would go in an entirely different direction: “You know, is this test outdated? Has climate change shifted the best weather a little bit north to San Carlos?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, of course, a good argument to be made that “best” weather is a purely subjective title. Lots of people love rain and fog. Some people like it hot. Speaking for myself, I think the weather on the Peninsula sits in the Goldilocks Zone: not too hot, not too cold, most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is to say, I think Finkler and Doxsee got it right. But then, I don’t live in San Carlos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Can Redwood City Really Boast \"Climate Best by Government Test\"? Yes and No | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve spent any time at all in Redwood City, you know what we’re talking about: The sign! (Or signs, plural.) They say “Redwood City” across the top, and, in smaller font, is the city’s slogan: “Climate Best by Government Test.” Been there forever. Sounds kinda official. But is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does Redwood City actually have the best weather?” asks Lauren Tankeh of San Carlos, which lies just north of Redwood City. “I think it’s a little nicer in San Carlos. I think we actually have nicer weather.” There seems to be a somewhat competitive quality to Tankeh’s query. Time for a climate throw-down here in the Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Michael Svanevik, historian and retired professor at the College of San Mateo, the sign’s origin dates back to 1925. At the time, Peninsula farmland had long given way to the suburbs of San Francisco, thanks to two things: the railroad that runs from San Francisco to San José (where Caltrain runs today), and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621122/el-camino-not-so-real-the-true-story-of-the-ancient-road\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Camino Real\u003c/a>, then called the County Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mood of the day was growth. Many of the city founders owned a lot of real estate they bought on the cheap, and they were keen to sell it for profit. Also, there was lots of competition among the cities on the Peninsula, all vying for new residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right after [World War I], they started a number of advertising campaigns to attract people into their different communities,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11890232 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A black-and-white photo of an office, with high windows along one wall, file cabinets, and a few desks. A man sits at one desk, a woman at another, and a second man leans against a cabinet.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1689\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-800x528.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1020x673.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1536x1013.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-2048x1351.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1920x1266.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The younger man, standing in this photo, is likely to be Wilbur Doxsee, the man who coined the phrase Redwood City is known for today. His father, Clarence, was president of the George H. Rice Abstract Company, which is pictured here. \u003ccite>(Courtesy: Redwood City Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Mateo built an amusement park, the ill-fated Pacific City, which may have been the most ambitious concept. Many cities just came up with slogans. Our question-asker Tankeh knows the one for her hometown, San Carlos: “The City of Good Living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In 1925, the Redwood City Chamber of Commerce and the Real Estate Board sponsored a contest for a slogan that would sum up the charms of Redwood City. Conveniently, the guy who won the contest was heavily involved in organizing the contest, in thick with the city founders because he was one himself: Wilbur Doxsee, the president of the Redwood City Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxsee’s winning slogan? The one that beat out 78 other entries? “By Government Test, Our Climate Is Best” — later shortened to the somewhat catchier “Climate Best by Government Test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Svanevik said, “Immediately, somebody came forth and said, ‘Wilbur Doxsee, how do you know that’s true?’ And he said, ‘I don’t. I made it up.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxsee made the slogan up, but Svanevik suspects he was thinking of his friend, amateur meteorologist Henry C. Finkler. “He owned all the property that is today [Edgewood Park],” said Svanevik. That’s more than 450 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11890238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"This is believed to be the earliest known photo of Redwood City's "Climate Best by Government Test" slogan.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1687\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1536x1012.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-2048x1350.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1920x1265.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is believed to be the earliest known photo of Redwood City’s “Climate Best by Government Test” slogan. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Redwood City Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Henry C. Finkler was a bicyclist. And he became, I have to say, fanatically interested in weather. And he recorded, every day he rode down the hill, what the air temperature was, what the winds were, the number of days of rain,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s Finkler who first claimed there were only three parts of the world that had perfect weather: the Canary Islands off the coast of northwestern Africa, North Africa’s Mediterranean Coast, and anything within a 20-mile radius of Redwood City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finkler was buddies with a fellow cyclist, Franklin Lane, who was secretary of the interior under Woodrow Wilson when the U.S. got involved in World War I. Lane remembered his buddy Finkler with the weather research and, on the basis of that, convinced President Wilson to establish one of the first military bases on the West Coast, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705654/wwi-and-the-peninsulas-forgotten-contribution-to-the-war-effort\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Camp Fremont\u003c/a>, in Menlo Park. (This put Menlo Park on the map, so to speak.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way Doxsee may have been inspired comes from a nonmilitary, German weather survey conducted before World War I by the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, a government research outfit in Berlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 1912, the German government asked counselor agents all over the world to send in statistics about weather in their area. Need I tell you not many people keep weather statistics. Well, Henry Finkler has it all,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theory goes: Doxsee read an article in The San Francisco Chronicle about the climate survey, and this was how Finkler’s assessment of Redwood City got national, and even international, attention. Doxsee’s slogan sealed the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel almost cheated,” said our listener upon learning how bogus the science behind the sign was. She was thinking this story would go in an entirely different direction: “You know, is this test outdated? Has climate change shifted the best weather a little bit north to San Carlos?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, of course, a good argument to be made that “best” weather is a purely subjective title. Lots of people love rain and fog. Some people like it hot. Speaking for myself, I think the weather on the Peninsula sits in the Goldilocks Zone: not too hot, not too cold, most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is to say, I think Finkler and Doxsee got it right. But then, I don’t live in San Carlos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fighting Wave of Misinformation, YouTube Bans Content Containing False Vaccine Claims",
"title": "Fighting Wave of Misinformation, YouTube Bans Content Containing False Vaccine Claims",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>YouTube announced a sweeping effort Wednesday to remove video content containing misleading and inaccurate information about vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://blog.youtube/news-and-events/managing-harmful-vaccine-content-youtube/\">platform announced the change in a blog post\u003c/a>, explaining that its current community guidelines, which already prohibit the sharing of medical misinformation, have been extended to cover \"currently administered\" vaccines that have been proven safe by the World Health Organization and other health agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video-sharing platform previously had banned content containing false claims about coronavirus vaccines, under \u003ca href=\"https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9891785\">its COVID-19 misinformation policy\u003c/a>. The new change extends that policy to a far wider number of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it will now no longer allow users to baselessly speculate that approved vaccines, like the ones given to prevent the flu or measles, are dangerous or cause diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It said the expanded ban applies to videos that claim vaccines aren't safe or effective or that cause other health issues such as cancer and infertility. In its announcement, the company pointed specifically to videos that inaccurately describe the ingredients used in vaccines or allege they contain properties that can be used to \"track\" those who receive them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've steadily seen false claims about the coronavirus vaccines spill over into misinformation about vaccines in general, and we're now at a point where it's more important than ever to expand the work we started with COVID-19 to other vaccines,\" YouTube said in the blog post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some exceptions: Claims about vaccines that are currently being tested will still be allowed. Personal stories about reactions to the vaccine will also be permitted, as long as they do not come from an account that has a history of promoting \"vaccine hesitancy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube’s latest attempt to stem a tide of vaccine misinformation comes as \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-science-health-government-and-politics-coronavirus-pandemic-36ea18ee3a3397da7edd5b8249f0e477\">countries around the globe struggle to convince a somewhat vaccine-hesitant public\u003c/a> to accept the free coronavirus shots that scientists say will end the pandemic that began 20 months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"youtube\"]“The concept that vaccines harm — instead of help — is at the foundation of a lot of misinformation,” said Jeanine Guidry, assistant professor of public relations and director of the Media+Culture Lab at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Media and Culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that, if enforced properly, the company's new policy could stop bad information from influencing, for example, a new parent who is using the internet to research whether or not to vaccinate their child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until Wednesday, anti-vaccine influencers had used YouTube to stoke fears around vaccines that health experts point out have been safely administered for decades. The YouTube channel of an organization run by environmental activist Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. was one of several popular anti-vaccine accounts that was gone by Wednesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement to The Associated Press, Kennedy criticized the ban: \"There is no instance in history when censorship and secrecy have advanced either democracy or public health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube declined to provide details on how many accounts were removed in the crackdown. And the company, which is owned by Google, warned that the more widespread removal of videos may take some time as it works to implement and enforce the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a number of prominent social media companies, like YouTube and Facebook, have tightened their restrictions regarding vaccine misinformation over the last year, many conspiracy theorists have begun migrating to other less-regulated platforms. Rumble, another video-sharing site, has become \u003ca href=\"https://slate.com/technology/2021/03/youtube-rumble-vaccine-misinformation.html\">a popular choice for far-right groups and others who are vaccine-resistant\u003c/a>, Slate reported in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many conservative pages that spread vaccine misinformation are still active on YouTube, and their videos continue to attract millions of views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite tech companies announcing a string of new rules around COVID-19 and vaccine misinformation during the pandemic, falsehoods have still found big audiences on the platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/twitter-vaccine-misinformation-crackdown-3190793914e7d6aded43c19521954cde\">Twitter began labeling content that made misleading claims about coronavirus vaccines\u003c/a> and said it would ban accounts that repeatedly share such posts. Facebook, which also owns Instagram, had already prohibited posts claiming coronavirus vaccines cause infertility or contain tracking microchips, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/misinformation-coronavirus-pandemic-ab976e93147c15945e98a4dba914e121\">in February announced it would similarly remove claims\u003c/a> that vaccines are toxic or can cause health problems such as autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet popular anti-vaccine influencers remain on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, where they actively use the platforms to sell books or videos. On Facebook and Instagram alone, a handful of anti-vaccine influencers still have a combined 6.4 million followers, according to the Center for Countering Digital Hate, a social media watchdog group. And coronavirus vaccine misinformation has been so pervasive on Facebook that President Biden in July accused influencers on the platform of \"killing people\" with falsehoods about the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other platforms have taken a harder line. Pinterest, for example, prohibited any kind of vaccine misinformation even before the pandemic began. Now, if users search for content about vaccines on the site, they are directed to visit authoritative websites operated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the WHO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Editor's note\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: \u003c/em>\u003cem>Google is among NPR's financial supporters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains additional reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=YouTube+Is+Banning+All+Content+That+Spreads+Vaccine+Misinformation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>YouTube announced a sweeping effort Wednesday to remove video content containing misleading and inaccurate information about vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://blog.youtube/news-and-events/managing-harmful-vaccine-content-youtube/\">platform announced the change in a blog post\u003c/a>, explaining that its current community guidelines, which already prohibit the sharing of medical misinformation, have been extended to cover \"currently administered\" vaccines that have been proven safe by the World Health Organization and other health agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video-sharing platform previously had banned content containing false claims about coronavirus vaccines, under \u003ca href=\"https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9891785\">its COVID-19 misinformation policy\u003c/a>. The new change extends that policy to a far wider number of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it will now no longer allow users to baselessly speculate that approved vaccines, like the ones given to prevent the flu or measles, are dangerous or cause diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It said the expanded ban applies to videos that claim vaccines aren't safe or effective or that cause other health issues such as cancer and infertility. In its announcement, the company pointed specifically to videos that inaccurately describe the ingredients used in vaccines or allege they contain properties that can be used to \"track\" those who receive them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've steadily seen false claims about the coronavirus vaccines spill over into misinformation about vaccines in general, and we're now at a point where it's more important than ever to expand the work we started with COVID-19 to other vaccines,\" YouTube said in the blog post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some exceptions: Claims about vaccines that are currently being tested will still be allowed. Personal stories about reactions to the vaccine will also be permitted, as long as they do not come from an account that has a history of promoting \"vaccine hesitancy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube’s latest attempt to stem a tide of vaccine misinformation comes as \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-science-health-government-and-politics-coronavirus-pandemic-36ea18ee3a3397da7edd5b8249f0e477\">countries around the globe struggle to convince a somewhat vaccine-hesitant public\u003c/a> to accept the free coronavirus shots that scientists say will end the pandemic that began 20 months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The concept that vaccines harm — instead of help — is at the foundation of a lot of misinformation,” said Jeanine Guidry, assistant professor of public relations and director of the Media+Culture Lab at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Media and Culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that, if enforced properly, the company's new policy could stop bad information from influencing, for example, a new parent who is using the internet to research whether or not to vaccinate their child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until Wednesday, anti-vaccine influencers had used YouTube to stoke fears around vaccines that health experts point out have been safely administered for decades. The YouTube channel of an organization run by environmental activist Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. was one of several popular anti-vaccine accounts that was gone by Wednesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement to The Associated Press, Kennedy criticized the ban: \"There is no instance in history when censorship and secrecy have advanced either democracy or public health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube declined to provide details on how many accounts were removed in the crackdown. And the company, which is owned by Google, warned that the more widespread removal of videos may take some time as it works to implement and enforce the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a number of prominent social media companies, like YouTube and Facebook, have tightened their restrictions regarding vaccine misinformation over the last year, many conspiracy theorists have begun migrating to other less-regulated platforms. Rumble, another video-sharing site, has become \u003ca href=\"https://slate.com/technology/2021/03/youtube-rumble-vaccine-misinformation.html\">a popular choice for far-right groups and others who are vaccine-resistant\u003c/a>, Slate reported in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many conservative pages that spread vaccine misinformation are still active on YouTube, and their videos continue to attract millions of views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite tech companies announcing a string of new rules around COVID-19 and vaccine misinformation during the pandemic, falsehoods have still found big audiences on the platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/twitter-vaccine-misinformation-crackdown-3190793914e7d6aded43c19521954cde\">Twitter began labeling content that made misleading claims about coronavirus vaccines\u003c/a> and said it would ban accounts that repeatedly share such posts. Facebook, which also owns Instagram, had already prohibited posts claiming coronavirus vaccines cause infertility or contain tracking microchips, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/misinformation-coronavirus-pandemic-ab976e93147c15945e98a4dba914e121\">in February announced it would similarly remove claims\u003c/a> that vaccines are toxic or can cause health problems such as autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet popular anti-vaccine influencers remain on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, where they actively use the platforms to sell books or videos. On Facebook and Instagram alone, a handful of anti-vaccine influencers still have a combined 6.4 million followers, according to the Center for Countering Digital Hate, a social media watchdog group. And coronavirus vaccine misinformation has been so pervasive on Facebook that President Biden in July accused influencers on the platform of \"killing people\" with falsehoods about the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other platforms have taken a harder line. Pinterest, for example, prohibited any kind of vaccine misinformation even before the pandemic began. Now, if users search for content about vaccines on the site, they are directed to visit authoritative websites operated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the WHO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Editor's note\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: \u003c/em>\u003cem>Google is among NPR's financial supporters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains additional reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=YouTube+Is+Banning+All+Content+That+Spreads+Vaccine+Misinformation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "san-francisco-taxi-drivers-plead-for-debt-relief-as-lawsuit-over-medallions-continues",
"title": "San Francisco Taxi Drivers Plead for Debt Relief as Lawsuit Over Medallions Continues",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco’s taxi drivers have borne the financial, emotional and physical burden of the city’s broken taxi medallion system, but they aren’t party to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659420/credit-union-is-suing-san-francisco-over-taxi-medallion-meltdown\">a major lawsuit unfolding right now\u003c/a>, between a local credit union and the city, that affects them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco encouraged the San Francisco Federal Credit Union to finance loans so the city could sell taxi medallions to drivers, many of whom are people of color and immigrants. Some 700 taxi drivers bought medallions at $250,000 each beginning back in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city made tens of millions of dollars. Then the city allowed Uber and Lyft to operate without medallions, crushing the taxi industry and tanking the value of a medallion. Not a single medallion has been sold since 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drivers are stuck with the medallion and their debt. Many have been defaulting on their loans, leaving the credit union on the hook for millions. Despite which side prevails, taxi drivers may see no relief for the debt they have been carrying for almost a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, the San Francisco Federal Credit Union alleges that the city broke its contract by failing to maintain a viable market for medallions. It is suing for damages and fees that were in the range of tens of millions of dollars when the suit was first filed in 2018. That figure has continued to balloon due to defaults, along with the interest on the loans held by drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/san-francisco-faces-lawsuit-over-taxi-medallions\">KQED aired a radio story on Sept. 27\u003c/a> about the suffering of taxi drivers, the San Francisco City Attorney’s Office requested this statement be added to the story: “The City and the Credit Union have a contract. The City has not broken that contract, so taxpayers should not be forced to bail out this bank because of the investment choices the bank made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city attorney’s office did not respond to a request for comment on any questions related to the taxi drivers and their debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the credit union is now on the hook for deciding to partner with the city to help taxi drivers, those drivers are now on the hook for buying into what was a money-making scheme for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cashing in on medallions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Taxi medallions used to be free, awarded by seniority. Drivers would wait on a list for over 20 years for their chance to get one. And for decades, taxi medallions were a sure bet, a way to have a stable, middle-class life. Drivers could earn $30 or $40 an hour after expenses. They could also make passive income by leasing out their medallion to other drivers. It was the de facto cab driver retirement plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, in 2010, to make money after the financial crisis, then-mayor Gavin Newsom decided to start selling medallions, and some 700 taxi-driving families bought them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Ed Lee became mayor in 2011, he embraced Uber and Lyft. Medallion values plummeted along with the earnings of taxi drivers. They couldn’t make enough money on the road to pay their loans, and suddenly there were no buyers for medallions. Those who had bought into the system were stuck with the debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed and her administration haven’t taken steps to alleviate debts for these drivers. Over the years, neither Newsom nor Breed has responded to multiple requests for comment on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11694401/san-francisco-made-millions-selling-taxi-medallions-now-drivers-are-paying-the-price\">I have been following the plight of San Francisco taxi drivers\u003c/a> in the medallion system for almost a decade. Many drivers shackled to the medallions have lost their life savings, their homes and their health. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798851/s-f-taxi-drivers-say-the-medallion-crisis-is-killing-them-literally\">Several have died from stress-related illnesses, some in their cars while waiting for a fare.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Mounting debt\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, before the pandemic, I went to the San Francisco International Airport taxi lot to talk with drivers. There were several hundred cabs parked in a line, waiting for passengers. It could take over three hours to get a single fare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the drivers I talked with, like Ali Asghar, the dream had always been to get a medallion. At the lot that day, Asghar told me he threw a big party when he got the chance to buy a medallion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was happy. My family was happy. We celebrated,” Asghar said. “I feel that was the happiest day in my life. I hug my wife. I hug my kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I spoke with Asghar two years ago, he said he was already on the edge. At night he would wake up in a cold sweat, go in to stare at his kids and wonder what kind of future he could give them now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the pandemic began, taxi work completely dried up. Asghar, like many other drivers, had to start working for the app companies that destroyed their livelihoods. He’s driving for Lyft and Uber, along with DoorDash and Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If drivers default on their loans, they will lose everything they already paid into the medallion, often their entire life savings. Drivers like Ali Alikhani do whatever they can to make payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Alikhani told me he was using his Social Security to pay for his medallion. He had already paid $165,000 into the loan. “This job destroyed my life,” he told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I contacted Alikhani recently, he told me he’s still in the same exact situation. He’s sending about three-quarters of his Social Security check every month to the medallion loan. That leaves just a few hundred dollars a month for him to live on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alikhani said he’s lucky he owns his home. Namdev Sharma lost his house to the medallion. Sharma told me that when he had to sell his house, he sat his kids down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told them I was losing this house,” Sharma said. “They did not know there was corruption in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drivers have always told me that city officials assured them that the medallion was a good investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ejaz Ahmed, who drove a cab for over 30 years, said, “All the SFMTA [San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency] stuff was convincing to the average drivers that the medallion price will remain the same.” He said the message from City Hall was that drivers would always be able to sell their medallion and get out whenever they wanted to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade of economic devastation is putting a physical strain on cab drivers. Over the years I have interviewed drivers who have not only lost their homes, but who are living in homeless shelters. I interviewed the children of a driver who had died in his cab. Two years ago, in a dark cab at the airport taxi lot, Abdelellah Alhimsi showed me his ruined teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alhimsi was so stressed he had broken his night guard and didn’t have money to buy a new one. Without the guard he started cracking his teeth. He’d broken a half dozen teeth by the time I talked to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know what happened to Alhimsi since I spoke with him two years ago. He hasn’t responded to calls or emails. The other cab drivers I am in touch with don’t know what happened to him, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a general feeling among the drivers I’ve interviewed over the years: that the city probably would have tried harder to do something if they were white, not immigrants and people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Last shred of hope\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I recently got back in touch with Namdev Sharma. He’s been working at the United States Postal Service to pay his medallion loan. Like many of these drivers, he’s still doing whatever he can with the hope of not losing all the money he paid into the loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I invested my whole life savings money,” he said. “It’s almost $90,000 I paid to the bank. I don’t want to lose that money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharma and a group of taxi drivers used to go to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11803400/sf-taxi-drivers-who-go-every-week-to-city-hall-buy-back-our-medallions\">City Hall every week for nearly three years to plead for help\u003c/a>. But the community of drivers fighting for justice is now breaking down under the weight of the debt. Drivers are taking other jobs. Some are leaving the country, and some are disappearing altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharma said drivers see the current lawsuit as one final chance. “I have like a 10% hope, not a 90%. They will refund our money or not,” Sharma said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no clear way drivers would see any refund from this case. The taxi drivers are not a party to the lawsuit. If the credit union wins, it may decide to forgive the amount drivers still owe on the loans. A ruling on the lawsuit is expected in mid-October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers who are more savvy about the legal system hope that the lawsuit could give them an opening. Because of this suit, there is now public testimony of events, like former city officials talking about how Uber and Lyft posed a threat to the medallion system and how something should have been done. Drivers hope those testimonies and a favorable ruling by the judge could open the door for them to take further legal action against the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big fear of drivers like Sharma, though, is that once this lawsuit is over, so will be the last shred of attention on their plight. The 700 taxi-driving families who bought medallions do not have the kind of financial resources of a credit union to launch a legal battle. If they don’t get some relief now, then when?\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco’s taxi drivers have borne the financial, emotional and physical burden of the city’s broken taxi medallion system, but they aren’t party to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659420/credit-union-is-suing-san-francisco-over-taxi-medallion-meltdown\">a major lawsuit unfolding right now\u003c/a>, between a local credit union and the city, that affects them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco encouraged the San Francisco Federal Credit Union to finance loans so the city could sell taxi medallions to drivers, many of whom are people of color and immigrants. Some 700 taxi drivers bought medallions at $250,000 each beginning back in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city made tens of millions of dollars. Then the city allowed Uber and Lyft to operate without medallions, crushing the taxi industry and tanking the value of a medallion. Not a single medallion has been sold since 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drivers are stuck with the medallion and their debt. Many have been defaulting on their loans, leaving the credit union on the hook for millions. Despite which side prevails, taxi drivers may see no relief for the debt they have been carrying for almost a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, the San Francisco Federal Credit Union alleges that the city broke its contract by failing to maintain a viable market for medallions. It is suing for damages and fees that were in the range of tens of millions of dollars when the suit was first filed in 2018. That figure has continued to balloon due to defaults, along with the interest on the loans held by drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/san-francisco-faces-lawsuit-over-taxi-medallions\">KQED aired a radio story on Sept. 27\u003c/a> about the suffering of taxi drivers, the San Francisco City Attorney’s Office requested this statement be added to the story: “The City and the Credit Union have a contract. The City has not broken that contract, so taxpayers should not be forced to bail out this bank because of the investment choices the bank made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city attorney’s office did not respond to a request for comment on any questions related to the taxi drivers and their debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the credit union is now on the hook for deciding to partner with the city to help taxi drivers, those drivers are now on the hook for buying into what was a money-making scheme for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cashing in on medallions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Taxi medallions used to be free, awarded by seniority. Drivers would wait on a list for over 20 years for their chance to get one. And for decades, taxi medallions were a sure bet, a way to have a stable, middle-class life. Drivers could earn $30 or $40 an hour after expenses. They could also make passive income by leasing out their medallion to other drivers. It was the de facto cab driver retirement plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, in 2010, to make money after the financial crisis, then-mayor Gavin Newsom decided to start selling medallions, and some 700 taxi-driving families bought them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Ed Lee became mayor in 2011, he embraced Uber and Lyft. Medallion values plummeted along with the earnings of taxi drivers. They couldn’t make enough money on the road to pay their loans, and suddenly there were no buyers for medallions. Those who had bought into the system were stuck with the debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed and her administration haven’t taken steps to alleviate debts for these drivers. Over the years, neither Newsom nor Breed has responded to multiple requests for comment on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11694401/san-francisco-made-millions-selling-taxi-medallions-now-drivers-are-paying-the-price\">I have been following the plight of San Francisco taxi drivers\u003c/a> in the medallion system for almost a decade. Many drivers shackled to the medallions have lost their life savings, their homes and their health. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798851/s-f-taxi-drivers-say-the-medallion-crisis-is-killing-them-literally\">Several have died from stress-related illnesses, some in their cars while waiting for a fare.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Mounting debt\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, before the pandemic, I went to the San Francisco International Airport taxi lot to talk with drivers. There were several hundred cabs parked in a line, waiting for passengers. It could take over three hours to get a single fare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the drivers I talked with, like Ali Asghar, the dream had always been to get a medallion. At the lot that day, Asghar told me he threw a big party when he got the chance to buy a medallion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was happy. My family was happy. We celebrated,” Asghar said. “I feel that was the happiest day in my life. I hug my wife. I hug my kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I spoke with Asghar two years ago, he said he was already on the edge. At night he would wake up in a cold sweat, go in to stare at his kids and wonder what kind of future he could give them now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the pandemic began, taxi work completely dried up. Asghar, like many other drivers, had to start working for the app companies that destroyed their livelihoods. He’s driving for Lyft and Uber, along with DoorDash and Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If drivers default on their loans, they will lose everything they already paid into the medallion, often their entire life savings. Drivers like Ali Alikhani do whatever they can to make payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Alikhani told me he was using his Social Security to pay for his medallion. He had already paid $165,000 into the loan. “This job destroyed my life,” he told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I contacted Alikhani recently, he told me he’s still in the same exact situation. He’s sending about three-quarters of his Social Security check every month to the medallion loan. That leaves just a few hundred dollars a month for him to live on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alikhani said he’s lucky he owns his home. Namdev Sharma lost his house to the medallion. Sharma told me that when he had to sell his house, he sat his kids down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told them I was losing this house,” Sharma said. “They did not know there was corruption in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drivers have always told me that city officials assured them that the medallion was a good investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ejaz Ahmed, who drove a cab for over 30 years, said, “All the SFMTA [San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency] stuff was convincing to the average drivers that the medallion price will remain the same.” He said the message from City Hall was that drivers would always be able to sell their medallion and get out whenever they wanted to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade of economic devastation is putting a physical strain on cab drivers. Over the years I have interviewed drivers who have not only lost their homes, but who are living in homeless shelters. I interviewed the children of a driver who had died in his cab. Two years ago, in a dark cab at the airport taxi lot, Abdelellah Alhimsi showed me his ruined teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alhimsi was so stressed he had broken his night guard and didn’t have money to buy a new one. Without the guard he started cracking his teeth. He’d broken a half dozen teeth by the time I talked to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know what happened to Alhimsi since I spoke with him two years ago. He hasn’t responded to calls or emails. The other cab drivers I am in touch with don’t know what happened to him, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a general feeling among the drivers I’ve interviewed over the years: that the city probably would have tried harder to do something if they were white, not immigrants and people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Last shred of hope\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I recently got back in touch with Namdev Sharma. He’s been working at the United States Postal Service to pay his medallion loan. Like many of these drivers, he’s still doing whatever he can with the hope of not losing all the money he paid into the loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I invested my whole life savings money,” he said. “It’s almost $90,000 I paid to the bank. I don’t want to lose that money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharma and a group of taxi drivers used to go to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11803400/sf-taxi-drivers-who-go-every-week-to-city-hall-buy-back-our-medallions\">City Hall every week for nearly three years to plead for help\u003c/a>. But the community of drivers fighting for justice is now breaking down under the weight of the debt. Drivers are taking other jobs. Some are leaving the country, and some are disappearing altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharma said drivers see the current lawsuit as one final chance. “I have like a 10% hope, not a 90%. They will refund our money or not,” Sharma said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no clear way drivers would see any refund from this case. The taxi drivers are not a party to the lawsuit. If the credit union wins, it may decide to forgive the amount drivers still owe on the loans. A ruling on the lawsuit is expected in mid-October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers who are more savvy about the legal system hope that the lawsuit could give them an opening. Because of this suit, there is now public testimony of events, like former city officials talking about how Uber and Lyft posed a threat to the medallion system and how something should have been done. Drivers hope those testimonies and a favorable ruling by the judge could open the door for them to take further legal action against the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big fear of drivers like Sharma, though, is that once this lawsuit is over, so will be the last shred of attention on their plight. The 700 taxi-driving families who bought medallions do not have the kind of financial resources of a credit union to launch a legal battle. If they don’t get some relief now, then when?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>News flash: Not everybody professing to be operating from a place of goodness is telling the truth. Some of the people and organizations that say they’re raising money for that cause you’re eager to support are simply lying — or, more often, overstating what they actually do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with every disaster — like in Afghanistan, Haiti, New Orleans, and Tahoe — Californians apply thumbs to phones to send money to people and organizations raising money for those in need. Which explains the presence of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB488\">Assembly\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill 488 \u003c/a>on Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk now, which promises to boost state oversight of charitable fundraising online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would expand the types of organizations or “platforms” required to register with the attorney general’s \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/charities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Registry of Charitable Trusts\u003c/a>. To raise money legally in California, charities of every kind, including those run by a for-profit, commercial enterprise, would have to get on that registry and stay on it, by proving they’re transparently doing what they say they’re doing with your donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really amazing how long it’s gone unregulated,” said Joan Harrington, director of Social Sector Ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at the Santa Clara University School of Law. In an earlier life, she was in-house counsel for the London-based nonprofit Save the Children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s speaking hyperbolically, in the sense that there are \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/charities/laws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laws on the books\u003c/a>, and the California attorney general’s office has a division dedicated to regulating charities. But the breadth of the field that must be covered is overwhelming, and despite the odd regulatory crackdown, usually following a scandalous news report, Harrington says there isn’t enough oversight from government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, in most states, it is the attorney general’s office that regulates charities, and they’re very busy — with other things,” Harrington said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the Wild West when you look at online charitable giving,” said Assemblymember Jacqui Irwin of Camarillo, who co-authored AB 488 with Attorney General Rob Bonta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The keyword here is “online.” California law has required charities to register with the attorney general for some time, but over the years, the charity space has expanded to include an ever-growing cast of actors: commercial fundraisers, fundraising counsels, and such. These entities are not necessarily charities themselves, but for-profit entities providing services that also require oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of AB 488, including the public benefit corporation Classy, wrote in public arguments in August that the new safeguard would be unnecessary, given current law. Other organizations also argued that additional regulation doesn’t do much to deter fraudulent behavior by bad actors who, by definition, aren’t bothering to abide by California law.[aside postID=\"news_11828981,news_11784234,news_11711341\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Bonta wrote in the June \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-sponsorship-legislation-provide-oversight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> announcing the bill, “Internet companies have developed methods for individuals to donate to charities through websites and phone applications that serve as ‘charitable fundraising platforms.’ California’s solicitation laws do not specifically reach these online platforms, resulting in instances of deceit and mistreatment of charitable donations that the Attorney General’s Office is not able to address through enforcement of existing charity oversight laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>In the meantime, what’s a donor to do?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Harrington prefers opting for an established nonprofit over smaller outfits. “As dysfunctional as nonprofits can sometimes be, large nonprofits … are trying to do it right, and there are lots of things that you have to do in a nonprofit to do it right. And a single person who wants to make a change in Afghanistan who’s never done anything in Afghanistan before isn’t the right person,” Harrington said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what to make of recent news headlines exposing ineffective or mismanaged institutional charities? The disappointing performance of the Red Cross in Haiti comes to mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/feSJ0pyxK34\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalists do sometimes vet charities during a crisis, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886903/caldor-fire-how-to-support-tahoe-wildfire-survivors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED News did during the Caldor Fire\u003c/a>. But that’s not a catch-all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially online, and especially on social media platforms, nearly anyone can upload a distressing photo and use compelling language to persuade you to send cryptocurrency to a foreign bank account. Harrington urges donors to avoid making spur-of-the-moment, emotionally driven donations to people who appear to be newbies on the scene, whatever that scene is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I welcome everyone giving. I love giving. I would never want to discourage anybody, but if people ask me for my opinion on where they should give, I say, find someone who has been in Afghanistan. If you can give locally in Afghanistan, do that. But you know, your friend fundraising for Afghanistan who’s never been is not the right way to go,” Harrington said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>News flash: Not everybody professing to be operating from a place of goodness is telling the truth. Some of the people and organizations that say they’re raising money for that cause you’re eager to support are simply lying — or, more often, overstating what they actually do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with every disaster — like in Afghanistan, Haiti, New Orleans, and Tahoe — Californians apply thumbs to phones to send money to people and organizations raising money for those in need. Which explains the presence of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB488\">Assembly\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill 488 \u003c/a>on Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk now, which promises to boost state oversight of charitable fundraising online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would expand the types of organizations or “platforms” required to register with the attorney general’s \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/charities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Registry of Charitable Trusts\u003c/a>. To raise money legally in California, charities of every kind, including those run by a for-profit, commercial enterprise, would have to get on that registry and stay on it, by proving they’re transparently doing what they say they’re doing with your donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really amazing how long it’s gone unregulated,” said Joan Harrington, director of Social Sector Ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at the Santa Clara University School of Law. In an earlier life, she was in-house counsel for the London-based nonprofit Save the Children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s speaking hyperbolically, in the sense that there are \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/charities/laws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laws on the books\u003c/a>, and the California attorney general’s office has a division dedicated to regulating charities. But the breadth of the field that must be covered is overwhelming, and despite the odd regulatory crackdown, usually following a scandalous news report, Harrington says there isn’t enough oversight from government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, in most states, it is the attorney general’s office that regulates charities, and they’re very busy — with other things,” Harrington said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the Wild West when you look at online charitable giving,” said Assemblymember Jacqui Irwin of Camarillo, who co-authored AB 488 with Attorney General Rob Bonta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The keyword here is “online.” California law has required charities to register with the attorney general for some time, but over the years, the charity space has expanded to include an ever-growing cast of actors: commercial fundraisers, fundraising counsels, and such. These entities are not necessarily charities themselves, but for-profit entities providing services that also require oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of AB 488, including the public benefit corporation Classy, wrote in public arguments in August that the new safeguard would be unnecessary, given current law. Other organizations also argued that additional regulation doesn’t do much to deter fraudulent behavior by bad actors who, by definition, aren’t bothering to abide by California law.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Bonta wrote in the June \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-sponsorship-legislation-provide-oversight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> announcing the bill, “Internet companies have developed methods for individuals to donate to charities through websites and phone applications that serve as ‘charitable fundraising platforms.’ California’s solicitation laws do not specifically reach these online platforms, resulting in instances of deceit and mistreatment of charitable donations that the Attorney General’s Office is not able to address through enforcement of existing charity oversight laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>In the meantime, what’s a donor to do?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Harrington prefers opting for an established nonprofit over smaller outfits. “As dysfunctional as nonprofits can sometimes be, large nonprofits … are trying to do it right, and there are lots of things that you have to do in a nonprofit to do it right. And a single person who wants to make a change in Afghanistan who’s never done anything in Afghanistan before isn’t the right person,” Harrington said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what to make of recent news headlines exposing ineffective or mismanaged institutional charities? The disappointing performance of the Red Cross in Haiti comes to mind.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/feSJ0pyxK34'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/feSJ0pyxK34'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Journalists do sometimes vet charities during a crisis, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886903/caldor-fire-how-to-support-tahoe-wildfire-survivors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED News did during the Caldor Fire\u003c/a>. But that’s not a catch-all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially online, and especially on social media platforms, nearly anyone can upload a distressing photo and use compelling language to persuade you to send cryptocurrency to a foreign bank account. Harrington urges donors to avoid making spur-of-the-moment, emotionally driven donations to people who appear to be newbies on the scene, whatever that scene is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I welcome everyone giving. I love giving. I would never want to discourage anybody, but if people ask me for my opinion on where they should give, I say, find someone who has been in Afghanistan. If you can give locally in Afghanistan, do that. But you know, your friend fundraising for Afghanistan who’s never been is not the right way to go,” Harrington said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "bill-regulating-computer-driven-productivity-quotas-at-california-warehouses-lands-on-gov-newsoms-desk",
"title": "Newsom Signs First-in-Nation Law Protecting California Workers in Retail Warehouses, Like Amazon's",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Thursday, Sept. 23, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has become the first state to implement a law that addresses working conditions for warehouse workers, like those working for Amazon, Walmart and other major retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/09/22/governor-newsom-signs-nation-leading-legislation-expanding-protections-for-warehouse-workers/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom signed AB 701\u003c/a>, which takes effect in the new year, into law on Wednesday. The law aims to address the impact of quotas on worker injuries and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It establishes new standards for companies to make clear to warehouse staff what their production quotas are. The legislation ensures workers cannot be fired or retaliated against for failing to meet an unsafe quota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot allow corporations to put profit over people. The hardworking warehouse employees who have helped sustain us during these unprecedented times should not have to risk injury or face punishment as a result of exploitative quotas that violate basic health and safety,” Newsom said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud to sign this legislation giving them the dignity, respect and safety they deserve and advancing California’s leadership at the forefront of workplace safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law gives the state Labor Commissioner the authority to issue citations to companies in violation of the new rules. The department is also allowed to access workers’ compensation data to find facilities where there are high rates of injury and investigate whether they are due to unsafe quotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also bars the use of algorithms that track rests and bathroom breaks, and specifically prohibits the firing of workers for failing to meet unsafe quotas because they are taking breaks in compliance with health and safety laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would also bar companies from retaliating against workers who raise concerns about warehouse conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though not explicitly stated, the new rules are widely considered to be targeted toward Amazon. The Seattle-based behemoth runs more than 60 warehouses across the state, and is known for its demanding productivity requirements.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sheheryar Kaoosji, head of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center\"]‘It’s not that those companies can’t afford to do the right thing. It’s what those companies can get away with. And if they’re not held accountable, that’s what they’ll continue to do.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon relies on its thousands of workers to fill its massive warehouses, which it calls “fulfillment centers.” During the pandemic, Americans have relied heavily on online shopping for their goods. In turn, the company, the second-largest employer in the U.S. behind Walmart, hired thousands of workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/amazon-to-hire-125000-full--and-part-time-logistics-employees-2021-09-14?mod=article_inline\">and plans to hire an additional 100,000 workers \u003c/a>this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers and labor organizations argue that Amazon’s warehouse rules create an unsafe work environment. \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/article/amazon-injury-rates/\">Investigations \u003c/a>by various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/06/01/amazon-osha-injury-rate/\">news organizations\u003c/a>, in addition to the labor-backed \u003ca href=\"https://thesoc.org/amazon-primed-for-pain/\">Strategic Organizing Center\u003c/a>, have found that \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/article/how-amazon-hid-its-safety-crisis/\">the rate of serious injuries at Amazon warehouses has been nearly double the industry average\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracked by algorithms, Amazon warehouse workers rush to pack and ship nonstop shopping orders that often must be delivered in a matter of hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While workers are on the job, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/08/1034776936/amazon-warehouse-workers-speed-quotas-california-bill\">Amazon watches their “time off task,”\u003c/a> which the company says is to monitor for “issues with the tools that people use.” But it also serves to identify underperforming workers. And that, critics say, essentially pressures workers to forgo their state-mandated breaks, or to wait until the end of their shifts to use the bathroom — creating unsafe and unfair working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bill, authored by Assemblymember Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, is intended more generally to help state regulators get a better handle on how a growing number of employers are using tech in the workplace to control the productivity of their workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were about 206,700 workers in the warehousing and storage industry in California as of June. That figure, however, doesn’t include temporary workers, like the many likely to take on warehouse work in the run-up to the holiday shopping season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant portion of that workforce is employed by Amazon. Behind the big yellow “Place your order” button on the company’s site is a vast network of warehouses, filled with nearly 1 million non-union logistics employees across the country — 40,000 in the Inland Empire alone, according to Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/01/367703789/amazon-unleashes-robot-army-to-send-your-holiday-packages-faster\">the tech-obsessed retailer is famous for using robots\u003c/a>, sensors and software to maximize productivity, it’s also infamous for burning out its workers, many of whom head to the exit doors suffering from repetitive stress injuries and, well, stress overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you come up with this rate? Was it based on what your understanding of what a human body can do? Or was it based on what you think you need to get through in order to make a profit this quarter?” said Sheheryar Kaoosji, executive director of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center in Ontario, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the clock, an army of trucks and trains transport cargo from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to vast warehouses in the Inland Empire counties of San Bernardino and Riverside. There, imported goods are sorted and redistributed onto long-haul trucks, which move them to distribution centers across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon’s rivals, like Walmart and Home Depot, are nipping at the tech titan’s heels, eager to adopt the algorithm-driven productivity tracking tools employed by the company, which logistics experts widely agree is the industry leader in this practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that those companies can’t afford to do the right thing,” said Kaoosji, who has pushed for them to institute humane working conditions that follow labor laws in spirit, as well as practice. “It’s what those companies can get away with. And if they’re not held accountable, that’s what they’ll continue to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]In \u003ca href=\"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/5f/e6/725042574e2da4440c3844f7b40c/senate-judiciary-analysis-ab-7-1.pdf\">a letter this summer to the state Senate Judiciary Committee in support of her legislation\u003c/a>, Gonzalez wrote, “The demand for speed in these warehouses has led to the increasing use of workplace performance metrics and the imposition of work quotas that employees must meet or suffer adverse consequences, including potentially losing their jobs altogether. There is evidence strongly suggesting that the pressure to meet these quotas leads to significantly higher workplace injury rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kaoosji, of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center, argues there “will never be enough enforcement agents to address the millions of workplaces in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other industry watchers say labor regulation at the state level has historically been weak and largely complaint-driven, and that’s made many workers who are afraid of retaliation unlikely to seek redress from authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key is giving workers the protections, voice and power to feel like they can speak up at work about injustices and legal violations and not face immediate retaliation, termination,” Kaoosji said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He considers the new requirements laid out in AB 701 to be only modest improvements, a compromise between labor organizers and big business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon declined to comment specifically on the legislation, but a spokesperson said in an email that the company abides by state and federal laws, such as providing paid breaks and ready access to toilet facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you read some of the news reports, you might think we have no care for employees,” Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s CEO at the time, said in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/2020-letter-to-shareholders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2020 letter to shareholders\u003c/a>. “In those reports, our employees are sometimes accused of being desperate souls and treated as robots. That’s not accurate. They’re sophisticated and thoughtful people who have options for where to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Michelin, president of the California Retailers Association, which strongly opposed the legislation, said the new rules will disrupt the supply chain and hurt consumers, even arguing that the shipment of COVID-19 tests from warehouses and distribution centers to hospitals, pharmacies and doctor’s offices will be slowed because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are disappointed Governor Newsom signed AB 701, which will exacerbate our current supply chain issues, increase the cost of living for all Californians and eliminate good-paying jobs,” she \u003ca href=\"https://calretailers.com/cra-responds-to-governor-gavin-newsom-signing-ab-701-into-law/\">said in a statement Wednesday\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=\"news_11881047,news_11870797,forum_2010101882947\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With California’s ports facing record backlogs of ships waiting off the coast and inflation spiking to the fastest pace in 13 years, AB 701 will make matters worse for everyone — creating more back-ordered goods and higher prices for everything from clothes, diapers and food to auto parts, toys and pet supplies,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the absence of union representation on warehouse floors, a modest set of new workplace improvement measures may be all that can be accomplished right now, according to Catherine Fisk, a labor law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, among other logistics companies, has so far successfully fought attempts to unionize any constellation of its vast employee base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Workers have been trying to unionize warehouses for years, with no success, because companies are so adept at thwarting it by using turnover, anti-union campaigns, restrictions on employee communication with each other, and prohibitions on union organizers from contacting workers,” Fisk said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/pdf/2019/Future-of-Warehouse-Work.pdf\">Beth Gutelius\u003c/a>, research director of the Center for Urban Economic Development at the University of Illinois Chicago, has studied the logistics industry for more than a decade. She said that current state and federal laws are notably outdated, to the detriment of workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem with existing law is that, in general, in California and nationwide, it just hasn’t kept up with the state of technological change and productivity gains, coming at the cost of workers’ health and safety,” Gutelius said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gutelius noted, however, that she is encouraged by AB 701’s requirement that warehouse operators disclose quotas and work-speed metrics to their employees and to government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, it’s kind of a black box. And I think the case of Amazon offers us pretty ample evidence that we can’t just rely on companies to weigh these costs and benefits and act in the interests of workers,” she said. “Someone else has to do that and that is traditionally what government’s role has been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from NPR’s Jaclyn Diaz.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Newsom Signs First-in-Nation Law Protecting California Workers in Retail Warehouses, Like Amazon's | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Thursday, Sept. 23, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has become the first state to implement a law that addresses working conditions for warehouse workers, like those working for Amazon, Walmart and other major retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/09/22/governor-newsom-signs-nation-leading-legislation-expanding-protections-for-warehouse-workers/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom signed AB 701\u003c/a>, which takes effect in the new year, into law on Wednesday. The law aims to address the impact of quotas on worker injuries and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It establishes new standards for companies to make clear to warehouse staff what their production quotas are. The legislation ensures workers cannot be fired or retaliated against for failing to meet an unsafe quota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot allow corporations to put profit over people. The hardworking warehouse employees who have helped sustain us during these unprecedented times should not have to risk injury or face punishment as a result of exploitative quotas that violate basic health and safety,” Newsom said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud to sign this legislation giving them the dignity, respect and safety they deserve and advancing California’s leadership at the forefront of workplace safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law gives the state Labor Commissioner the authority to issue citations to companies in violation of the new rules. The department is also allowed to access workers’ compensation data to find facilities where there are high rates of injury and investigate whether they are due to unsafe quotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also bars the use of algorithms that track rests and bathroom breaks, and specifically prohibits the firing of workers for failing to meet unsafe quotas because they are taking breaks in compliance with health and safety laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would also bar companies from retaliating against workers who raise concerns about warehouse conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though not explicitly stated, the new rules are widely considered to be targeted toward Amazon. The Seattle-based behemoth runs more than 60 warehouses across the state, and is known for its demanding productivity requirements.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon relies on its thousands of workers to fill its massive warehouses, which it calls “fulfillment centers.” During the pandemic, Americans have relied heavily on online shopping for their goods. In turn, the company, the second-largest employer in the U.S. behind Walmart, hired thousands of workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/amazon-to-hire-125000-full--and-part-time-logistics-employees-2021-09-14?mod=article_inline\">and plans to hire an additional 100,000 workers \u003c/a>this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers and labor organizations argue that Amazon’s warehouse rules create an unsafe work environment. \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/article/amazon-injury-rates/\">Investigations \u003c/a>by various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/06/01/amazon-osha-injury-rate/\">news organizations\u003c/a>, in addition to the labor-backed \u003ca href=\"https://thesoc.org/amazon-primed-for-pain/\">Strategic Organizing Center\u003c/a>, have found that \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/article/how-amazon-hid-its-safety-crisis/\">the rate of serious injuries at Amazon warehouses has been nearly double the industry average\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracked by algorithms, Amazon warehouse workers rush to pack and ship nonstop shopping orders that often must be delivered in a matter of hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While workers are on the job, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/08/1034776936/amazon-warehouse-workers-speed-quotas-california-bill\">Amazon watches their “time off task,”\u003c/a> which the company says is to monitor for “issues with the tools that people use.” But it also serves to identify underperforming workers. And that, critics say, essentially pressures workers to forgo their state-mandated breaks, or to wait until the end of their shifts to use the bathroom — creating unsafe and unfair working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bill, authored by Assemblymember Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, is intended more generally to help state regulators get a better handle on how a growing number of employers are using tech in the workplace to control the productivity of their workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were about 206,700 workers in the warehousing and storage industry in California as of June. That figure, however, doesn’t include temporary workers, like the many likely to take on warehouse work in the run-up to the holiday shopping season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant portion of that workforce is employed by Amazon. Behind the big yellow “Place your order” button on the company’s site is a vast network of warehouses, filled with nearly 1 million non-union logistics employees across the country — 40,000 in the Inland Empire alone, according to Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/01/367703789/amazon-unleashes-robot-army-to-send-your-holiday-packages-faster\">the tech-obsessed retailer is famous for using robots\u003c/a>, sensors and software to maximize productivity, it’s also infamous for burning out its workers, many of whom head to the exit doors suffering from repetitive stress injuries and, well, stress overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you come up with this rate? Was it based on what your understanding of what a human body can do? Or was it based on what you think you need to get through in order to make a profit this quarter?” said Sheheryar Kaoosji, executive director of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center in Ontario, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the clock, an army of trucks and trains transport cargo from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to vast warehouses in the Inland Empire counties of San Bernardino and Riverside. There, imported goods are sorted and redistributed onto long-haul trucks, which move them to distribution centers across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon’s rivals, like Walmart and Home Depot, are nipping at the tech titan’s heels, eager to adopt the algorithm-driven productivity tracking tools employed by the company, which logistics experts widely agree is the industry leader in this practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that those companies can’t afford to do the right thing,” said Kaoosji, who has pushed for them to institute humane working conditions that follow labor laws in spirit, as well as practice. “It’s what those companies can get away with. And if they’re not held accountable, that’s what they’ll continue to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/5f/e6/725042574e2da4440c3844f7b40c/senate-judiciary-analysis-ab-7-1.pdf\">a letter this summer to the state Senate Judiciary Committee in support of her legislation\u003c/a>, Gonzalez wrote, “The demand for speed in these warehouses has led to the increasing use of workplace performance metrics and the imposition of work quotas that employees must meet or suffer adverse consequences, including potentially losing their jobs altogether. There is evidence strongly suggesting that the pressure to meet these quotas leads to significantly higher workplace injury rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kaoosji, of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center, argues there “will never be enough enforcement agents to address the millions of workplaces in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other industry watchers say labor regulation at the state level has historically been weak and largely complaint-driven, and that’s made many workers who are afraid of retaliation unlikely to seek redress from authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key is giving workers the protections, voice and power to feel like they can speak up at work about injustices and legal violations and not face immediate retaliation, termination,” Kaoosji said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He considers the new requirements laid out in AB 701 to be only modest improvements, a compromise between labor organizers and big business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon declined to comment specifically on the legislation, but a spokesperson said in an email that the company abides by state and federal laws, such as providing paid breaks and ready access to toilet facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you read some of the news reports, you might think we have no care for employees,” Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s CEO at the time, said in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/2020-letter-to-shareholders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2020 letter to shareholders\u003c/a>. “In those reports, our employees are sometimes accused of being desperate souls and treated as robots. That’s not accurate. They’re sophisticated and thoughtful people who have options for where to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Michelin, president of the California Retailers Association, which strongly opposed the legislation, said the new rules will disrupt the supply chain and hurt consumers, even arguing that the shipment of COVID-19 tests from warehouses and distribution centers to hospitals, pharmacies and doctor’s offices will be slowed because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are disappointed Governor Newsom signed AB 701, which will exacerbate our current supply chain issues, increase the cost of living for all Californians and eliminate good-paying jobs,” she \u003ca href=\"https://calretailers.com/cra-responds-to-governor-gavin-newsom-signing-ab-701-into-law/\">said in a statement Wednesday\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With California’s ports facing record backlogs of ships waiting off the coast and inflation spiking to the fastest pace in 13 years, AB 701 will make matters worse for everyone — creating more back-ordered goods and higher prices for everything from clothes, diapers and food to auto parts, toys and pet supplies,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the absence of union representation on warehouse floors, a modest set of new workplace improvement measures may be all that can be accomplished right now, according to Catherine Fisk, a labor law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, among other logistics companies, has so far successfully fought attempts to unionize any constellation of its vast employee base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Workers have been trying to unionize warehouses for years, with no success, because companies are so adept at thwarting it by using turnover, anti-union campaigns, restrictions on employee communication with each other, and prohibitions on union organizers from contacting workers,” Fisk said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/pdf/2019/Future-of-Warehouse-Work.pdf\">Beth Gutelius\u003c/a>, research director of the Center for Urban Economic Development at the University of Illinois Chicago, has studied the logistics industry for more than a decade. She said that current state and federal laws are notably outdated, to the detriment of workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem with existing law is that, in general, in California and nationwide, it just hasn’t kept up with the state of technological change and productivity gains, coming at the cost of workers’ health and safety,” Gutelius said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gutelius noted, however, that she is encouraged by AB 701’s requirement that warehouse operators disclose quotas and work-speed metrics to their employees and to government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, it’s kind of a black box. And I think the case of Amazon offers us pretty ample evidence that we can’t just rely on companies to weigh these costs and benefits and act in the interests of workers,” she said. “Someone else has to do that and that is traditionally what government’s role has been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from NPR’s Jaclyn Diaz.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Sen. Mike Lee, a Republican from Utah and ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Competition Policy, Antitrust, and Consumer Rights, was engaged in a testy exchange with Facebook Privacy and Public Policy Vice President Steve Satterfield at Tuesday’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/big-data-big-questions-implications-for-competition-and-consumers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hearing\u003c/a>, the latest to put Big Tech executives on the spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee brought up a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-facebook-files-11631713039\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“series of bombshell reports” about Facebook\u003c/a> he read in the Wall Street Journal last week. The series argues Facebook knows “in acute detail that its platforms are riddled with flaws that cause harm, often in ways only the company fully understands.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"forum_2010101882161,forum_2010101885579,news_11888891\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]Satterfield countered that Facebook’s internal research, leaked to the WSJ, reflects the way “we think that’s an important way of encouraging free and frank discussion within the company.” The report, he said, had “missed the mark” in its depictions of the company’s internal workings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This provoked Lee, who yelled, “How does it miss the mark? How does it miss the mark, any more than revelations years ago about tobacco companies concealing the dangers of tobacco? … And what tobacco companies knew about what they were doing to their own users?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there was any concern the antitrust crackdown on Silicon Valley stalled in Washington, D.C., over the summer, Tuesday’s hearing seemed to indicate lawmakers on both sides of the aisle smell blood in the water and feel there’s much to be gained politically by pursuing Big Tech — and not just in front of the cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee’s remark about tobacco was one of several references of the day made about companies and industries that lawmakers on Capitol Hill have dismantled in the 20th century. And while numerous hearings on Big Tech in the last two decades have featured pearl-clutching grandstanding followed by little to no antitrust legislation, the mood appears to have shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To start, the Biden administration has been installing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/01/1011907383/new-ftc-chair-lina-khan-wants-to-redefine-monopoly-power-for-the-age-of-big-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">antitrust hawks in key regulatory agencies\u003c/a> like the Federal Trade Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous bills are also being proposed, like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/225?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22Klobuchar%5C%22%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=94\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Competition and Antitrust Law Enforcement Reform Act\u003c/a> put forward by U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota, the Democrat who \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QRsM9G4yAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chairs the U.S. Senate antitrust panel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When big data inhibits competition by allowing those who have it to block access to markets for those who do not, we need to step in and fix it. This means enforcing our existing antitrust laws to their fullest extent to protect competition. It means updating our antitrust laws for the modern economy, just as we’ve done centuries past,” Klobuchar said in her opening remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2710/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22senate+app+stores%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open App Markets Act\u003c/a>, from Connecticut Democratic Sen. Richard Blumenthal on the panel, which targets Apple and Google’s control of their app stores. Plus, companion Senate legislation is reported to be on the wing to match five bipartisan bills from the House Antitrust Subcommittee that openly target Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/American%20Innovation%20and%20Choice%20Online%20Act%20-%20Bill%20Text.pdf\">The American Innovation and Choice Online Act\u003c/a> would prohibit discriminatory conduct by dominant platforms, including a ban on self-preferencing a company’s own products and services.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/Platform%20Competition%20and%20Opportunity%20Act%20-%20Bill%20Text%20%281%29.pdf\">The Platform Competition and Opportunity Act\u003c/a> prohibits acquisitions of competitive threats by dominant platforms, as well as acquisitions that entrench the market power of online platforms.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/Ending%20Platform%20Monopolies%20-%20Bill%20Text.pdf\">The Ending Platform Monopolies Act\u003c/a> attacks the ability of dominant platforms to leverage their control across multiple business lines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/ACCESS%20Act%20-%20Bill%20Text%20%281%29.pdf\">The Augmenting Compatibility and Competition by Enabling Service Switching (ACCESS) Act\u003c/a> promotes competition online by insisting on interoperability and data portability.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/Merger%20Filing%20Fee%20Modernization%20Act%20of%202021%20-%20Bill%20Text%20%281%29.pdf\">The Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act\u003c/a> updates filing fees for mergers for the first time in two decades to boost the budgets of the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last, but not least, the bills have the support of a bipartisan coalition of 32 attorneys general, who sent a \u003ca href=\"https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/antitrust_package_support_letter_.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> Monday to Democratic and Republican leaders of the House and the Senate, as well as their respective judiciary committees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stand ready and willing to share our experience with members of Congress, including how our antitrust enforcement efforts have met inappropriate skepticism in the courts,” the coalition wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Charlotte Slaiman, competition policy director at Public Knowledge\"]‘For decades, Washington has taken the perspective that we need to let digital businesses run wild to see what great innovations they might come up with. But today, unscrupulous data practices and consolidated power have led us to a place that isn’t anyone’s dream of what the internet was supposed to be.’[/pullquote]“Modernization of our antitrust laws is long overdue and broadly supported,” said \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-support-congressional-efforts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Attorney General Rob Bonta in a press release announcing his support of the coalition\u003c/a>. “The last time Congress passed a comprehensive update to federal antitrust laws was many decades ago – before tech companies like Facebook or Google even existed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are the bills on the table the right ones to tamp down monopolistic behavior without dealing death blows to the American companies that have come to dominate much of the nation’s economic landscape? Tech industry lobbyists have been hotly contesting much of the language behind the scenes. Still, the executives testifying Tuesday made pains to avoid any remarks that might be perceived as aggressive or aggrieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Data by itself does not guarantee better or more successful products,” Google Vice President Markham Erickson told lawmakers in his prepared remarks. “Rather, it is the investment, innovation and method that matters, not just the amount of data a company may have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Slaiman, competition policy director of the advocacy group Public Knowledge, offered a kind of blessing for the variety of laws under consideration during her remarks at the hearing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades, Washington has taken the perspective that we need to let digital businesses run wild to see what great innovations they might come up with. But today, unscrupulous data practices and consolidated power have led us to a place that isn’t anyone’s dream of what the internet was supposed to be,” Slaiman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added, “Congress has already done the laudable work of introducing a series of bills to combat these harms. The best time to pass them was 10 years ago, but the second-best time is now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Sen. Mike Lee, a Republican from Utah and ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Competition Policy, Antitrust, and Consumer Rights, was engaged in a testy exchange with Facebook Privacy and Public Policy Vice President Steve Satterfield at Tuesday’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/big-data-big-questions-implications-for-competition-and-consumers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hearing\u003c/a>, the latest to put Big Tech executives on the spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee brought up a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-facebook-files-11631713039\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“series of bombshell reports” about Facebook\u003c/a> he read in the Wall Street Journal last week. The series argues Facebook knows “in acute detail that its platforms are riddled with flaws that cause harm, often in ways only the company fully understands.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Satterfield countered that Facebook’s internal research, leaked to the WSJ, reflects the way “we think that’s an important way of encouraging free and frank discussion within the company.” The report, he said, had “missed the mark” in its depictions of the company’s internal workings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This provoked Lee, who yelled, “How does it miss the mark? How does it miss the mark, any more than revelations years ago about tobacco companies concealing the dangers of tobacco? … And what tobacco companies knew about what they were doing to their own users?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there was any concern the antitrust crackdown on Silicon Valley stalled in Washington, D.C., over the summer, Tuesday’s hearing seemed to indicate lawmakers on both sides of the aisle smell blood in the water and feel there’s much to be gained politically by pursuing Big Tech — and not just in front of the cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee’s remark about tobacco was one of several references of the day made about companies and industries that lawmakers on Capitol Hill have dismantled in the 20th century. And while numerous hearings on Big Tech in the last two decades have featured pearl-clutching grandstanding followed by little to no antitrust legislation, the mood appears to have shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To start, the Biden administration has been installing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/01/1011907383/new-ftc-chair-lina-khan-wants-to-redefine-monopoly-power-for-the-age-of-big-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">antitrust hawks in key regulatory agencies\u003c/a> like the Federal Trade Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous bills are also being proposed, like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/225?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22Klobuchar%5C%22%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=94\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Competition and Antitrust Law Enforcement Reform Act\u003c/a> put forward by U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota, the Democrat who \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QRsM9G4yAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chairs the U.S. Senate antitrust panel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When big data inhibits competition by allowing those who have it to block access to markets for those who do not, we need to step in and fix it. This means enforcing our existing antitrust laws to their fullest extent to protect competition. It means updating our antitrust laws for the modern economy, just as we’ve done centuries past,” Klobuchar said in her opening remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2710/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22senate+app+stores%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open App Markets Act\u003c/a>, from Connecticut Democratic Sen. Richard Blumenthal on the panel, which targets Apple and Google’s control of their app stores. Plus, companion Senate legislation is reported to be on the wing to match five bipartisan bills from the House Antitrust Subcommittee that openly target Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/American%20Innovation%20and%20Choice%20Online%20Act%20-%20Bill%20Text.pdf\">The American Innovation and Choice Online Act\u003c/a> would prohibit discriminatory conduct by dominant platforms, including a ban on self-preferencing a company’s own products and services.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/Platform%20Competition%20and%20Opportunity%20Act%20-%20Bill%20Text%20%281%29.pdf\">The Platform Competition and Opportunity Act\u003c/a> prohibits acquisitions of competitive threats by dominant platforms, as well as acquisitions that entrench the market power of online platforms.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/Ending%20Platform%20Monopolies%20-%20Bill%20Text.pdf\">The Ending Platform Monopolies Act\u003c/a> attacks the ability of dominant platforms to leverage their control across multiple business lines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/ACCESS%20Act%20-%20Bill%20Text%20%281%29.pdf\">The Augmenting Compatibility and Competition by Enabling Service Switching (ACCESS) Act\u003c/a> promotes competition online by insisting on interoperability and data portability.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cicilline.house.gov/sites/cicilline.house.gov/files/documents/Merger%20Filing%20Fee%20Modernization%20Act%20of%202021%20-%20Bill%20Text%20%281%29.pdf\">The Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act\u003c/a> updates filing fees for mergers for the first time in two decades to boost the budgets of the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last, but not least, the bills have the support of a bipartisan coalition of 32 attorneys general, who sent a \u003ca href=\"https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/antitrust_package_support_letter_.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> Monday to Democratic and Republican leaders of the House and the Senate, as well as their respective judiciary committees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stand ready and willing to share our experience with members of Congress, including how our antitrust enforcement efforts have met inappropriate skepticism in the courts,” the coalition wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Modernization of our antitrust laws is long overdue and broadly supported,” said \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-support-congressional-efforts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Attorney General Rob Bonta in a press release announcing his support of the coalition\u003c/a>. “The last time Congress passed a comprehensive update to federal antitrust laws was many decades ago – before tech companies like Facebook or Google even existed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are the bills on the table the right ones to tamp down monopolistic behavior without dealing death blows to the American companies that have come to dominate much of the nation’s economic landscape? Tech industry lobbyists have been hotly contesting much of the language behind the scenes. Still, the executives testifying Tuesday made pains to avoid any remarks that might be perceived as aggressive or aggrieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Data by itself does not guarantee better or more successful products,” Google Vice President Markham Erickson told lawmakers in his prepared remarks. “Rather, it is the investment, innovation and method that matters, not just the amount of data a company may have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Slaiman, competition policy director of the advocacy group Public Knowledge, offered a kind of blessing for the variety of laws under consideration during her remarks at the hearing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades, Washington has taken the perspective that we need to let digital businesses run wild to see what great innovations they might come up with. But today, unscrupulous data practices and consolidated power have led us to a place that isn’t anyone’s dream of what the internet was supposed to be,” Slaiman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added, “Congress has already done the laudable work of introducing a series of bills to combat these harms. The best time to pass them was 10 years ago, but the second-best time is now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In Mountain View, residents of mobile home parks are on the verge of winning protections under the city’s rent control law — which they have been excluded from so far. But in this expensive Silicon Valley city, the political fight about rent control in mobile homes is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oddity_adhiti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adhiti Bandlamudi\u003c/a>, KQED Silicon Valley reporter\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/2XHJcWu\">Episode transcript\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC4443131635&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Follow \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">\u003ci>The Bay\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to hear more local Bay Area stories like this one. New episodes are released Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 3 a.m. Find The Bay on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452?mt=2\">\u003ci>Apple Podcasts\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ\">\u003ci>Spotify\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay\">\u003ci>Stitcher\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, NPR One or via \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/KQED-The-Bay-Flash-Briefing/dp/B07H6YYV23\">\u003ci>Alexa\u003c/i>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Mountain View, residents of mobile home parks are on the verge of winning protections under the city’s rent control law — which they have been excluded from so far. But in this expensive Silicon Valley city, the political fight about rent control in mobile homes is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oddity_adhiti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adhiti Bandlamudi\u003c/a>, KQED Silicon Valley reporter\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/2XHJcWu\">Episode transcript\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC4443131635&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Follow \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">\u003ci>The Bay\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to hear more local Bay Area stories like this one. New episodes are released Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 3 a.m. Find The Bay on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452?mt=2\">\u003ci>Apple Podcasts\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ\">\u003ci>Spotify\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay\">\u003ci>Stitcher\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, NPR One or via \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/KQED-The-Bay-Flash-Briefing/dp/B07H6YYV23\">\u003ci>Alexa\u003c/i>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Many skilled foreign workers — especially from India — wait years, or even decades, for a green card, which would allow them to stay and work in the United States permanently. Federal legislation\u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/media/press-releases/lofgren-curtis-introduce-bipartisan-legislation-eliminate-arbitrary-country\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> co-sponsored\u003c/a> by Democratic Silicon Valley Rep. Zoe Lofgren would phase out some of the rules that have created that backlog. But the bill’s survival is far from certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you spend much time in the tech world, you invariably hear about the epic queue for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/green-card-eligibility/green-card-for-employment-based-immigrants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">employment-based green cards\u003c/a>, especially from Indian nationals. Shibin Nambiar of Fremont did when he first moved to the U.S. in 2013 on a temporary H-1B work visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t realize it today, but down the line, when you’ll have your kid and your wife, and you’re settled and you have a house — that time you’ll realize — you just will never get your green card,” said Nambiar, a data architect at Rubrik, a cloud data management company based in Palo Alto. “It’s going to be a life of uncertainty forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nambiar applied for a green card in 2015, after he got married, had a kid and bought a house. But he faces a wait so long, he jokes he may have to wait for his 4-year-old son, born here in the U.S., to turn 21 and sponsor him for residency based on their family relationship. “He can file for us ultimately, and that’s the way we might get a green card!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rep. Zoe Lofgren\"]‘If you were born in India, applications filed on Aug. 1, 2010, are being approved today. It doesn’t make any sense to organize it in this way.’[/pullquote]According to 2020 data from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, more than 1 million people are waiting for an employment-based green card. And more people join the queue each year. But immigration law caps the total number of new cards at just 140,000 per year, and spouses and children of green card applicants count toward the annual cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, the system that we have now has basically not been changed in many decades, and I think it’s operating in a way that people likely didn’t envision,” said Lofgren, who co-sponsored the \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/sites/lofgren.house.gov/files/EAGLE%20Act%20Final%20Bill%20Text.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Equal Access to Green cards for Legal Employment\u003c/a>, or EAGLE, Act of 2021. She serves on the Judiciary Committee and chairs the House Immigration and Citizenship Subcommittee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottleneck is compounded for immigrants from high-demand countries, because U.S. law stipulates that no more than 7% of green cards can go to workers from any single country in a given year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were born in India, applications filed on Aug. 1, 2010, are being approved today, and it doesn’t make any sense to organize it in this way,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those waiting for employment-based green cards are from two countries: India and China. Albania and Zimbabwe are allocated the same number as India and China, even though Albania and Zimbabwe don’t have nearly as many applicants keen to work in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s worth remembering the only people who actually benefit from this bill are people who’ve gone through all the hoops to become legal permanent residents of the United States,” said Lofgren. “And, in a way that’s really un-American, instead of looking at their merits, we’re looking at their place of birth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, H.R. 3648, phases out the 7% per-country limit on employment-based immigrant visas. It would also raise the 7% per-country limit on family-sponsored immigrant visas to 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing the bottlenecks and allowing more skilled foreign workers to make a permanent home in the U.S. will benefit the broader economy, said Sean Randolph, senior director of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute, a public-private partnership of business, labor, government and higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at where a lot of the hiring is from in tech companies, the big story is India,” Randolph said. “There is a pretty broad consensus, on a bipartisan level, that we need to support more skilled immigration into the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_10859344,news_11707255,news_11701936\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]But even though the EAGLE Act is widely supported by business interests, its future is not assured. A similar bill failed to make it to President Trump’s desk in 2019. And due to the way partisanship has frozen Washington, D.C., it’s become difficult for Republican lawmakers to publicly support a hot-button issue like immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the EAGLE Act may not move forward as a stand-alone bill, according to a Democratic staffer who asked not to be identified, there’s a plan to fold in elements of the bill when the Senate sends its budget to the House for reconciliation, sometime in September. Lofgren was one of roughly a dozen lawmakers lobbying President Biden over the summer for various immigration reforms. It’s too soon to say which parts of the bill might survive these negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EAGLE Act also includes reforms to the contentious H-1B visa program, which allows foreign citizens in specialty occupations, like computer engineering, to work in the U.S. temporarily. Silicon Valley employers have long taken advantage of people on these visas — and often hire them instead of American citizens who expect better pay and working conditions. The changes the EAGLE Act would make are not enough to mollify critics like protectionist John Miano, a computer programmer turned lawyer who’s sued multiple administrations over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, he dislikes the fact that a 1990 law allowed employers of H-1B and L-1 visa holders to apply for green cards for those workers. That extended the U.S. stay of those employees while the applications are processed, and it gave hundreds of thousands of foreign workers like Nambiar hope of a permanent life here. But it also swamped the waiting line for employment-based green cards. The EAGLE Act, Miano argues, would not change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental problem is that we have a guest worker system, and we have a permanent immigration system. The guest worker system is larger than the permanent immigration system,” said Miano. “They used to be separate. You take a large system and you pour it into a small system, and you can see what happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comedian John Oliver, who came to the U.S. on a work-based visa himself, explained this dynamic in a 2019 episode of his show “Last Week Tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you from experience here, living on a visa can be very stressful, and involves having to jump through endless, costly hoops,” Oliver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When his employer finally presented Oliver with a green card, he said he nearly burst into tears from relief: “That is when I realized I’d been worried about my immigration status every single day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXqnRMU1fTs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what do those in the epic queue for a green card think of the modest ambitions of the EAGLE Act?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel [if a] Band-Aid is the approach, then [so be] it,” said Leena Bhai of Sunnyvale. Her family has been waiting on her husband’s green card application for five years. “Is comprehensive reform even possible? If not, let’s just work with what we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Bhai’s children was born in the U.S., the other in India. If they don’t get their green cards before the child born in India — now 6 — turns 21, he will lose his dependent status, and will have to return to the country of his birth to file his own green card application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the very least, Bhai says, she’s hoping federal lawmakers make clear whether they want families like hers to stay permanently. Because if not, she and her husband are likely to move their family to another country — one where they can feel secure that their young children will be welcome to go to college when that day comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many skilled foreign workers — especially from India — wait years, or even decades, for a green card, which would allow them to stay and work in the United States permanently. Federal legislation\u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/media/press-releases/lofgren-curtis-introduce-bipartisan-legislation-eliminate-arbitrary-country\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> co-sponsored\u003c/a> by Democratic Silicon Valley Rep. Zoe Lofgren would phase out some of the rules that have created that backlog. But the bill’s survival is far from certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you spend much time in the tech world, you invariably hear about the epic queue for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/green-card-eligibility/green-card-for-employment-based-immigrants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">employment-based green cards\u003c/a>, especially from Indian nationals. Shibin Nambiar of Fremont did when he first moved to the U.S. in 2013 on a temporary H-1B work visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t realize it today, but down the line, when you’ll have your kid and your wife, and you’re settled and you have a house — that time you’ll realize — you just will never get your green card,” said Nambiar, a data architect at Rubrik, a cloud data management company based in Palo Alto. “It’s going to be a life of uncertainty forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nambiar applied for a green card in 2015, after he got married, had a kid and bought a house. But he faces a wait so long, he jokes he may have to wait for his 4-year-old son, born here in the U.S., to turn 21 and sponsor him for residency based on their family relationship. “He can file for us ultimately, and that’s the way we might get a green card!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those waiting for employment-based green cards are from two countries: India and China. Albania and Zimbabwe are allocated the same number as India and China, even though Albania and Zimbabwe don’t have nearly as many applicants keen to work in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s worth remembering the only people who actually benefit from this bill are people who’ve gone through all the hoops to become legal permanent residents of the United States,” said Lofgren. “And, in a way that’s really un-American, instead of looking at their merits, we’re looking at their place of birth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, H.R. 3648, phases out the 7% per-country limit on employment-based immigrant visas. It would also raise the 7% per-country limit on family-sponsored immigrant visas to 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing the bottlenecks and allowing more skilled foreign workers to make a permanent home in the U.S. will benefit the broader economy, said Sean Randolph, senior director of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute, a public-private partnership of business, labor, government and higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at where a lot of the hiring is from in tech companies, the big story is India,” Randolph said. “There is a pretty broad consensus, on a bipartisan level, that we need to support more skilled immigration into the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But even though the EAGLE Act is widely supported by business interests, its future is not assured. A similar bill failed to make it to President Trump’s desk in 2019. And due to the way partisanship has frozen Washington, D.C., it’s become difficult for Republican lawmakers to publicly support a hot-button issue like immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the EAGLE Act may not move forward as a stand-alone bill, according to a Democratic staffer who asked not to be identified, there’s a plan to fold in elements of the bill when the Senate sends its budget to the House for reconciliation, sometime in September. Lofgren was one of roughly a dozen lawmakers lobbying President Biden over the summer for various immigration reforms. It’s too soon to say which parts of the bill might survive these negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EAGLE Act also includes reforms to the contentious H-1B visa program, which allows foreign citizens in specialty occupations, like computer engineering, to work in the U.S. temporarily. Silicon Valley employers have long taken advantage of people on these visas — and often hire them instead of American citizens who expect better pay and working conditions. The changes the EAGLE Act would make are not enough to mollify critics like protectionist John Miano, a computer programmer turned lawyer who’s sued multiple administrations over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, he dislikes the fact that a 1990 law allowed employers of H-1B and L-1 visa holders to apply for green cards for those workers. That extended the U.S. stay of those employees while the applications are processed, and it gave hundreds of thousands of foreign workers like Nambiar hope of a permanent life here. But it also swamped the waiting line for employment-based green cards. The EAGLE Act, Miano argues, would not change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental problem is that we have a guest worker system, and we have a permanent immigration system. The guest worker system is larger than the permanent immigration system,” said Miano. “They used to be separate. You take a large system and you pour it into a small system, and you can see what happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comedian John Oliver, who came to the U.S. on a work-based visa himself, explained this dynamic in a 2019 episode of his show “Last Week Tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you from experience here, living on a visa can be very stressful, and involves having to jump through endless, costly hoops,” Oliver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When his employer finally presented Oliver with a green card, he said he nearly burst into tears from relief: “That is when I realized I’d been worried about my immigration status every single day.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/tXqnRMU1fTs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/tXqnRMU1fTs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>So what do those in the epic queue for a green card think of the modest ambitions of the EAGLE Act?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel [if a] Band-Aid is the approach, then [so be] it,” said Leena Bhai of Sunnyvale. Her family has been waiting on her husband’s green card application for five years. “Is comprehensive reform even possible? If not, let’s just work with what we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Bhai’s children was born in the U.S., the other in India. If they don’t get their green cards before the child born in India — now 6 — turns 21, he will lose his dependent status, and will have to return to the country of his birth to file his own green card application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the very least, Bhai says, she’s hoping federal lawmakers make clear whether they want families like hers to stay permanently. Because if not, she and her husband are likely to move their family to another country — one where they can feel secure that their young children will be welcome to go to college when that day comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Across the country, many DoorDash drivers have stopped dashing to your door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They've logged off the app for the day as part of a strike organized on social media against the food delivery service, demanding tip transparency and higher pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It all started, presumably, on Reddit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the strike is nationwide and not affiliated with any particular organization, it appears to have originated on Reddit, where a post from July 15 circulated, titled, \"DOORDASH BOYCOTT ON JULY 31ST ALL DAY !!\" [aside postID=news_11849055]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The post urged dashers — the company name for drivers — to stop using the app for the day and to instead use Uber Eats. At the bottom the post lists demands, including a minimum \"base pay,\" the amount a driver earns on each order before a tip, of $4.50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area had its own moment of seeing DoorDash's practices take the spotlight in February when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13892479/san-francisco-jeffrey-fang-children-carjacking-kidnapping\">one DoorDash driver's car was stolen while he was delivering food with his two children inside the vehicle in San Francisco\u003c/a>. The children suffered no physical harm and were reunited with family several hours later, but the incident sparked \u003ca href=\"https://sf.eater.com/2021/2/8/22272913/doordash-kidnapping-minimum-wage-prop-22\">a public conversation around DoorDash drivers' ability to pay for child care\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/GigWorkersRise/status/1358832157200838657\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the strike, DoorDash defended its practices and said dasher base pay is calculated based on the estimated time, distance and desirability of an order. Right now, dashers can expect to earn a base pay between $2 to $10+, according to DoorDash's website. Drivers say the lower end of that range had previously been $3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As if a $3 base pay from DoorDash was not insulting enough, they've lowered it to $2, $2.25, $2.50, $2.75,\" one DoorDasher, Denise Small, said in a TikTok video that has amassed over 530,000 views. \"I've declined so many orders because they've been $2.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Drivers want to know tip amount before accepting an order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Workers have also demanded to know how much in tips they'd make before accepting or declining an order. Dashers keep 100% of their tips, but the DoorDash app only shows a guaranteed minimum amount and does not allow drivers to see how much a customer has tipped until after the driver accepts the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For orders that contain larger tips, the app shows an estimated amount rather than the full tip amount, which according to information sent to NPR from DoorDash, the company does due to the number of drivers who would repeatedly decline deliveries if they didn't have high tip amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some drivers have told \u003ca href=\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkbvgz/no-dasher-no-deliveries-doordash-drivers-strike-for-tip-transparency\">Motherboard\u003c/a> that because tip amount is factored so heavily into a driver's total earning, the tip can be the difference between making or losing money on a delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some dashers solved this problem by downloading Para, a third-party app that used DoorDash's code to let drivers see the tip amount before accepting an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app became extremely popular, but its success was short-lived. Soon enough, in mid-July, it no longer worked with DoorDash's app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would say a lot of workers woke up when Para stopped working,\" one DoorDash driver told Motherboard. \"Para showed that DoorDash is not as transparent as it could be. I think it's ridiculous that DoorDash hides tips for orders. It's very common to get no tips.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a statement from DoorDash, Para violated the company's terms of service.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Para collects its information by scraping content without authorization from the DoorDash platform. This is deeply concerning as we are committed to protecting the privacy and data security of every side of our marketplace and stakeholders,\" the statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The effects of the strike are unknown so far\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how many dashers have participated in the strike, though hundreds of posts about it can be found across TikTok, Reddit, Twitter and Facebook. While some people have voiced their approval and encouraged others to participate, several other commenters expressed their doubts that the strike would be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EmeryldL/status/1416041255377719301\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, DoorDash called the strikers \"a vocal minority,\" but said the company was monitoring boycott conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"DoorDash is proud to provide flexible, low-barrier earning opportunities for Dashers while helping restaurants grow their businesses. On average nationally, Dashers work fewer than 4 hours a week and earn over $25 an hour (while) they're on delivery, including 100% of their tips,\" DoorDash wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One driver who is participating in the strike \u003ca href=\"https://www.insider.com/doordash-tiktok-boycott-base-pay-tips-ubereats-grubhub-2021-7\">told Insider\u003c/a>: \"Dashers want fair compensation for our time and efforts. We are what makes the company run but we're treated as disposable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Josie Fischels is an intern on NPR's News Desk. KQED's Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Across the country, many DoorDash drivers have stopped dashing to your door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They've logged off the app for the day as part of a strike organized on social media against the food delivery service, demanding tip transparency and higher pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It all started, presumably, on Reddit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the strike is nationwide and not affiliated with any particular organization, it appears to have originated on Reddit, where a post from July 15 circulated, titled, \"DOORDASH BOYCOTT ON JULY 31ST ALL DAY !!\" \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The post urged dashers — the company name for drivers — to stop using the app for the day and to instead use Uber Eats. At the bottom the post lists demands, including a minimum \"base pay,\" the amount a driver earns on each order before a tip, of $4.50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area had its own moment of seeing DoorDash's practices take the spotlight in February when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13892479/san-francisco-jeffrey-fang-children-carjacking-kidnapping\">one DoorDash driver's car was stolen while he was delivering food with his two children inside the vehicle in San Francisco\u003c/a>. The children suffered no physical harm and were reunited with family several hours later, but the incident sparked \u003ca href=\"https://sf.eater.com/2021/2/8/22272913/doordash-kidnapping-minimum-wage-prop-22\">a public conversation around DoorDash drivers' ability to pay for child care\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Responding to the strike, DoorDash defended its practices and said dasher base pay is calculated based on the estimated time, distance and desirability of an order. Right now, dashers can expect to earn a base pay between $2 to $10+, according to DoorDash's website. Drivers say the lower end of that range had previously been $3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As if a $3 base pay from DoorDash was not insulting enough, they've lowered it to $2, $2.25, $2.50, $2.75,\" one DoorDasher, Denise Small, said in a TikTok video that has amassed over 530,000 views. \"I've declined so many orders because they've been $2.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Drivers want to know tip amount before accepting an order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Workers have also demanded to know how much in tips they'd make before accepting or declining an order. Dashers keep 100% of their tips, but the DoorDash app only shows a guaranteed minimum amount and does not allow drivers to see how much a customer has tipped until after the driver accepts the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For orders that contain larger tips, the app shows an estimated amount rather than the full tip amount, which according to information sent to NPR from DoorDash, the company does due to the number of drivers who would repeatedly decline deliveries if they didn't have high tip amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some drivers have told \u003ca href=\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkbvgz/no-dasher-no-deliveries-doordash-drivers-strike-for-tip-transparency\">Motherboard\u003c/a> that because tip amount is factored so heavily into a driver's total earning, the tip can be the difference between making or losing money on a delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some dashers solved this problem by downloading Para, a third-party app that used DoorDash's code to let drivers see the tip amount before accepting an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app became extremely popular, but its success was short-lived. Soon enough, in mid-July, it no longer worked with DoorDash's app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would say a lot of workers woke up when Para stopped working,\" one DoorDash driver told Motherboard. \"Para showed that DoorDash is not as transparent as it could be. I think it's ridiculous that DoorDash hides tips for orders. It's very common to get no tips.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a statement from DoorDash, Para violated the company's terms of service.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Para collects its information by scraping content without authorization from the DoorDash platform. This is deeply concerning as we are committed to protecting the privacy and data security of every side of our marketplace and stakeholders,\" the statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The effects of the strike are unknown so far\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how many dashers have participated in the strike, though hundreds of posts about it can be found across TikTok, Reddit, Twitter and Facebook. While some people have voiced their approval and encouraged others to participate, several other commenters expressed their doubts that the strike would be effective.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, DoorDash called the strikers \"a vocal minority,\" but said the company was monitoring boycott conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"DoorDash is proud to provide flexible, low-barrier earning opportunities for Dashers while helping restaurants grow their businesses. On average nationally, Dashers work fewer than 4 hours a week and earn over $25 an hour (while) they're on delivery, including 100% of their tips,\" DoorDash wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One driver who is participating in the strike \u003ca href=\"https://www.insider.com/doordash-tiktok-boycott-base-pay-tips-ubereats-grubhub-2021-7\">told Insider\u003c/a>: \"Dashers want fair compensation for our time and efforts. We are what makes the company run but we're treated as disposable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Josie Fischels is an intern on NPR's News Desk. KQED's Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For almost a decade, on-demand services like Lyft, DoorDash and Instacart have allowed customers to rate and tip workers with just the tap of a finger. Even though it has been almost a decade, we still have no idea how much this allows customer bias to hurt Black and brown workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While rating workers on an app is new, it’s just the latest system companies have devised to allow customers to impact pay or promotions. If their ratings aren’t perfect, workers can lose income, or even their job, and there’s mounting evidence these systems allow bias to hurt workers of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Restaurants Paved the Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long before apps entered the picture, tipping established a way for consumer bias to impact worker pay. Michael Lynn, a professor of consumer behavior at Cornell University, said he has long suspected bias influenced tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that we have an implicit bias against people of color in this country, and I believe those implicit biases are likely to impact tipping,” Lynn said. But over and over again, he’s come up against a major hurdle in proving it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve asked a lot of different companies to give me data,” Lynn said. “But there’s no interest on their part in finding out because it doesn’t benefit them. If there is racism, that puts them in a bind, and it’s worse when there is racism and they know about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Lynn was able to get some data \u003ca href=\"https://www.wagehourlitigation.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/215/2015/10/cornell.pdf\">to run a small study on waiters\u003c/a> in 2008. He found that customers did indeed give workers of color lower tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Similar Findings in Other Industries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Studies have consistently shown that\u003ca href=\"https://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/207_wd54xsc1.pdf\"> Black, brown and immigrant taxi drivers\u003c/a> get lower tips; and health care, management and sales professionals\u003ca href=\"https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amj.2010.49388763\"> get more negative customer feedback\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend is the same in online reviews: Black and brown professors \u003ca href=\"https://teaching.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/OMET-Racial_bias_and_student_ratings_of_instructors.pdf\">get worse student evaluations\u003c/a>, while \u003ca href=\"https://news.northeastern.edu/2016/12/06/researchers-find-racial-gender-bias-in-online-freelance-marketplaces/\">freelancers on Fiverr and TaskRabbit get lower reviews\u003c/a>, which means fewer jobs and less money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers may not even realize they’re treating Black and brown workers differently, giving them lower tips, leaving less positive feedback or rating them lower on an app. The cause of all this, according to researchers, is implicit or unconscious bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"gig-economy\"]To fully understand the extent of the problem, researchers would need to look at large data sets and see what different groups of workers were getting tipped and rated. Race is just one possible trait to evaluate for bias. The same problem could exist for gender, age, ability or any category that is regularly discriminated against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while many companies are resistant to collect or share data along these lines, on-demand service apps like DoorDash and Uber don’t even have to gather worker demographic data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because of the way they classify their workers. App companies call workers contractors instead of employees. The contractor status also protects these on-demand app service companies from liability if is found that customers are discriminating against any of the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news that the app rating system is problematic is far from new. Labor advocates have been warning about it since the apps started. In 2016, there was an entire study done by Data & Society titled “\u003ca href=\"https://datasociety.net/pubs/ia/Discriminating_Tastes_Customer_Ratings_as_Vehicles_for_Bias.pdf\">Discriminating Tastes: Customer Ratings as Vehicles for Bias\u003c/a>,” which was co-authored by Alex Rosenblat, who now works for Uber as the Head of Marketplace Policy, Fairness and Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What the Companies Say\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to several major app companies: DoorDash, Lyft, Uber and TaskRabbit. Only Lyft and DoorDash responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DoorDash PR representatives talked about protocols for kicking overtly racist customers off the app, but didn’t mention anything about a system for detecting or addressing implicit bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from Lyft said the company had commissioned a study to understand the extent of the problem. The PR representative said the company found no evidence of implicit bias in ratings, but it’s not possible to confirm the veracity of this assessment, as the company has not made the results or methodology of the study public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also Lyft, like many other app companies, does not gather demographic information on workers. Without that data, researchers say it’s impossible to know with certainty how much a rating and/or tip system allows for implicit bias to hurt workers. The companies are in the dark, and so are the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashley Salas would love to know what led to non-perfect ratings she got delivering for Instacart in San Francisco. After those, she said, everything changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote sze='medium' align='right' citation=\"Ashley Salas, Instacart shopper\"]‘It got really, really hard. I went from making $200 a day to struggling to make $100.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It got really, really hard. I went from making $200 a day to struggling to make $100,” Salas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s $100 a day before expenses like gas and wear and tear on her car, while she went to school for radiology and took care of her newborn baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did she get low ratings because she did something wrong? Were the customers just grumpy? Or did they react negatively to who she is? Salas is part Pacific Islander, part Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a bummer,” Salas said. “I would have wished to know why so I could improve myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated, Salas reached out to Gig Workers Rising, an advocacy group for app workers. Lead organizer Lauren Casey said she has heard this same story again and again from workers of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casey said, “Their performance at work is held to a different standard and in turn they receive worse ratings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from Instacart said it has policies to deal with overt racism, but like other app companies, there’s no mechanism for detecting implicit bias, let alone addressing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>No Data, No Context\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Stanford University law professor Richard Ford said the app rating system has magnified the problem of implicit bias, making it easier for customers to hurt workers and harder for workers to prove it is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have context, and you don’t have the interpersonal reactions that might give you some clue that the ratings were based on race,” Ford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All you have is a number, and given our society’s increasing fetishization of data, Ford said a number without context can be very dangerous. “The difference in today’s environment is that it looks more objective. You’re getting, you know, a numerical rating. How could you argue with the numbers?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the ratings are high, it doesn’t mean they are fair. It’s possible that a person of different a race, sex or origin had to work harder to get good ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings labor law professor Veena Dubal has interviewed more than 100 Lyft and Uber drivers. She said Black and brown drivers often talk about having to perform to make white customers happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of emotional labor and a lot of emotional performance that goes into ensuring that you’re not getting poor ratings, because otherwise you’re going to get fired. It’s almost that you have to play into the racial sensibilities of consumers,” Dubal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some restaurants pool tips so any negative impacts from implicit bias are shared by the whole staff. App companies could adjust tips and ratings for Black and brown drivers to compensate for bias, but that means first figuring out how much lower they are on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to Proposition 22, app companies face no legal pressure to gather the necessary demographic data. Without data, individual workers are left to interpret their own experience, isolated and unprotected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For almost a decade, on-demand services like Lyft, DoorDash and Instacart have allowed customers to rate and tip workers with just the tap of a finger. Even though it has been almost a decade, we still have no idea how much this allows customer bias to hurt Black and brown workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While rating workers on an app is new, it’s just the latest system companies have devised to allow customers to impact pay or promotions. If their ratings aren’t perfect, workers can lose income, or even their job, and there’s mounting evidence these systems allow bias to hurt workers of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Restaurants Paved the Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long before apps entered the picture, tipping established a way for consumer bias to impact worker pay. Michael Lynn, a professor of consumer behavior at Cornell University, said he has long suspected bias influenced tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that we have an implicit bias against people of color in this country, and I believe those implicit biases are likely to impact tipping,” Lynn said. But over and over again, he’s come up against a major hurdle in proving it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve asked a lot of different companies to give me data,” Lynn said. “But there’s no interest on their part in finding out because it doesn’t benefit them. If there is racism, that puts them in a bind, and it’s worse when there is racism and they know about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Lynn was able to get some data \u003ca href=\"https://www.wagehourlitigation.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/215/2015/10/cornell.pdf\">to run a small study on waiters\u003c/a> in 2008. He found that customers did indeed give workers of color lower tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>To fully understand the extent of the problem, researchers would need to look at large data sets and see what different groups of workers were getting tipped and rated. Race is just one possible trait to evaluate for bias. The same problem could exist for gender, age, ability or any category that is regularly discriminated against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while many companies are resistant to collect or share data along these lines, on-demand service apps like DoorDash and Uber don’t even have to gather worker demographic data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because of the way they classify their workers. App companies call workers contractors instead of employees. The contractor status also protects these on-demand app service companies from liability if is found that customers are discriminating against any of the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news that the app rating system is problematic is far from new. Labor advocates have been warning about it since the apps started. In 2016, there was an entire study done by Data & Society titled “\u003ca href=\"https://datasociety.net/pubs/ia/Discriminating_Tastes_Customer_Ratings_as_Vehicles_for_Bias.pdf\">Discriminating Tastes: Customer Ratings as Vehicles for Bias\u003c/a>,” which was co-authored by Alex Rosenblat, who now works for Uber as the Head of Marketplace Policy, Fairness and Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What the Companies Say\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to several major app companies: DoorDash, Lyft, Uber and TaskRabbit. Only Lyft and DoorDash responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DoorDash PR representatives talked about protocols for kicking overtly racist customers off the app, but didn’t mention anything about a system for detecting or addressing implicit bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from Lyft said the company had commissioned a study to understand the extent of the problem. The PR representative said the company found no evidence of implicit bias in ratings, but it’s not possible to confirm the veracity of this assessment, as the company has not made the results or methodology of the study public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also Lyft, like many other app companies, does not gather demographic information on workers. Without that data, researchers say it’s impossible to know with certainty how much a rating and/or tip system allows for implicit bias to hurt workers. The companies are in the dark, and so are the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashley Salas would love to know what led to non-perfect ratings she got delivering for Instacart in San Francisco. After those, she said, everything changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It got really, really hard. I went from making $200 a day to struggling to make $100,” Salas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s $100 a day before expenses like gas and wear and tear on her car, while she went to school for radiology and took care of her newborn baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did she get low ratings because she did something wrong? Were the customers just grumpy? Or did they react negatively to who she is? Salas is part Pacific Islander, part Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a bummer,” Salas said. “I would have wished to know why so I could improve myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated, Salas reached out to Gig Workers Rising, an advocacy group for app workers. Lead organizer Lauren Casey said she has heard this same story again and again from workers of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casey said, “Their performance at work is held to a different standard and in turn they receive worse ratings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from Instacart said it has policies to deal with overt racism, but like other app companies, there’s no mechanism for detecting implicit bias, let alone addressing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>No Data, No Context\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Stanford University law professor Richard Ford said the app rating system has magnified the problem of implicit bias, making it easier for customers to hurt workers and harder for workers to prove it is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have context, and you don’t have the interpersonal reactions that might give you some clue that the ratings were based on race,” Ford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All you have is a number, and given our society’s increasing fetishization of data, Ford said a number without context can be very dangerous. “The difference in today’s environment is that it looks more objective. You’re getting, you know, a numerical rating. How could you argue with the numbers?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the ratings are high, it doesn’t mean they are fair. It’s possible that a person of different a race, sex or origin had to work harder to get good ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings labor law professor Veena Dubal has interviewed more than 100 Lyft and Uber drivers. She said Black and brown drivers often talk about having to perform to make white customers happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of emotional labor and a lot of emotional performance that goes into ensuring that you’re not getting poor ratings, because otherwise you’re going to get fired. It’s almost that you have to play into the racial sensibilities of consumers,” Dubal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some restaurants pool tips so any negative impacts from implicit bias are shared by the whole staff. App companies could adjust tips and ratings for Black and brown drivers to compensate for bias, but that means first figuring out how much lower they are on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to Proposition 22, app companies face no legal pressure to gather the necessary demographic data. Without data, individual workers are left to interpret their own experience, isolated and unprotected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
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