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"disqusTitle": "'We Must Continue to Show Up': San Francisco Rally Marks A Year After Breonna Taylor's Killing",
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"content": "\u003cp>March 13 marked a year since Breonna Taylor was shot by police in her home in Louisville, Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds rallied in San Francisco on Saturday afternoon, beginning at Mission High School and marching to the Mission Police Station for a vigil and open mic. They lit candles, burned sage and held signs in an effort to honor her memory and fight for justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are the people, we hold the power and we must continue to show up,” said Asmara Gebre, a midwife at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital who has been on strike to protest racism in her workplace. Gebre implored the audience to show up not just on anniversaries, “but every fucking day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers and those in attendance said they want to continue to keep Taylor’s memory alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just keep having to add names,” Jasmine Ordonez said. She came from another vigil — one for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11863507/will-angelo-quintos-death-lead-to-police-reforms-in-antioch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Angelo Quinto\u003c/a> who was allegedly killed by Antioch police in December. Ordonez says she wants justice for Taylor and for others killed by police brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some have been demanding three officers who fired into Taylor’s home be criminally charged, others — like Ordonez — say more incarceration isn’t the solution. Instead, she wants to see police abolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after Taylor's death, none of the officers who fired their service weapons — a total of 32 rounds — face criminal charges directly as a result of Taylor's killing. At least three officers connected to the raid have been terminated from the force, and Louisville officials have also banned \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/11/875466130/no-knock-warrants-banned-in-louisville-in-law-named-for-breonna-taylor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no-knock warrants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addressing the crowd, Gebre, the midwife, also stressed the importance of honoring Breonna Taylor’s memory by building an anti-racist society. “Are you complicit when you show up to work?” she asked, addressing the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where do you share space with your friends, how do you intervene in those moments? … That is what we need because we need an anti-racist society,” Gebre said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864731\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864731\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeli Gaufo writes, 'Justice for Breonna' outside of Mission High School in San Francisco on March 13, 2021. 'F\u003cspan data-pm-slice='1 1 [\"paragraph-wrapper\",null,\"paragraph\",{\"id\":\"p9-0\"}]'>or me it's just about fighting everything that's happening with police brutality, and getting justice for Black liberation — because all of our liberation is tied to Black liberation,' Gaufo said. \u003c/span> \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864732\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864732\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator holds a sign that says, 'Justice for Breonna Taylor' during a rally in her honor outside of Mission High School in San Francisco on March 13, 2021, one year after Breonna Taylor was fatally shot by police officers in Kentucky. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864733\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864733\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators rally in honor of Breonna Taylor outside of Mission High School in San Francisco on March 13, 2021, the day marks one year after Taylor was fatally shot by police officers inside her home. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864734\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864734\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators march in honor of Breonna Taylor in the Mission District of San Francisco on March 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864735\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A march in honor of Breonna Taylor passes by the Women's Building in the Mission District of San Francisco on March 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864736\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators rally and play music to honor Breonna Taylor in front of the Mission Police Station in San Francisco on March 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864737\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Demonstrators light candles that spell Breonna Taylor's name in front of the Mission Police Station in San Francisco on March 13, 2021, one year after Taylor was fatally shot by police officers in Kentucky.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators light candles spelling Breonna Taylor's name in front of the Mission Police Station in San Francisco on March 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A few hundred people rallied in San Francisco on March 13 to honor Breonna Taylor's life and mark a year since her death.",
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"description": "A few hundred people rallied in San Francisco on March 13 to honor Breonna Taylor's life and mark a year since her death.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>March 13 marked a year since Breonna Taylor was shot by police in her home in Louisville, Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds rallied in San Francisco on Saturday afternoon, beginning at Mission High School and marching to the Mission Police Station for a vigil and open mic. They lit candles, burned sage and held signs in an effort to honor her memory and fight for justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are the people, we hold the power and we must continue to show up,” said Asmara Gebre, a midwife at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital who has been on strike to protest racism in her workplace. Gebre implored the audience to show up not just on anniversaries, “but every fucking day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers and those in attendance said they want to continue to keep Taylor’s memory alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just keep having to add names,” Jasmine Ordonez said. She came from another vigil — one for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11863507/will-angelo-quintos-death-lead-to-police-reforms-in-antioch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Angelo Quinto\u003c/a> who was allegedly killed by Antioch police in December. Ordonez says she wants justice for Taylor and for others killed by police brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some have been demanding three officers who fired into Taylor’s home be criminally charged, others — like Ordonez — say more incarceration isn’t the solution. Instead, she wants to see police abolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after Taylor's death, none of the officers who fired their service weapons — a total of 32 rounds — face criminal charges directly as a result of Taylor's killing. At least three officers connected to the raid have been terminated from the force, and Louisville officials have also banned \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/11/875466130/no-knock-warrants-banned-in-louisville-in-law-named-for-breonna-taylor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no-knock warrants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addressing the crowd, Gebre, the midwife, also stressed the importance of honoring Breonna Taylor’s memory by building an anti-racist society. “Are you complicit when you show up to work?” she asked, addressing the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where do you share space with your friends, how do you intervene in those moments? … That is what we need because we need an anti-racist society,” Gebre said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864731\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864731\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47647_002_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeli Gaufo writes, 'Justice for Breonna' outside of Mission High School in San Francisco on March 13, 2021. 'F\u003cspan data-pm-slice='1 1 [\"paragraph-wrapper\",null,\"paragraph\",{\"id\":\"p9-0\"}]'>or me it's just about fighting everything that's happening with police brutality, and getting justice for Black liberation — because all of our liberation is tied to Black liberation,' Gaufo said. \u003c/span> \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864732\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864732\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47655_017_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator holds a sign that says, 'Justice for Breonna Taylor' during a rally in her honor outside of Mission High School in San Francisco on March 13, 2021, one year after Breonna Taylor was fatally shot by police officers in Kentucky. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864733\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864733\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47658_021_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators rally in honor of Breonna Taylor outside of Mission High School in San Francisco on March 13, 2021, the day marks one year after Taylor was fatally shot by police officers inside her home. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864734\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864734\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47663_029_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators march in honor of Breonna Taylor in the Mission District of San Francisco on March 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864735\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47666_033_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A march in honor of Breonna Taylor passes by the Women's Building in the Mission District of San Francisco on March 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864736\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47685_058_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators rally and play music to honor Breonna Taylor in front of the Mission Police Station in San Francisco on March 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11864737\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11864737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Demonstrators light candles that spell Breonna Taylor's name in front of the Mission Police Station in San Francisco on March 13, 2021, one year after Taylor was fatally shot by police officers in Kentucky.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS47687_061_SanFrancisco_BreonnaTaylorRally_03132021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators light candles spelling Breonna Taylor's name in front of the Mission Police Station in San Francisco on March 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Mina Kim on Equity in Journalism | This Week in California Politics",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>This Week in California Politics\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed legislation to reopen public schools after intense negotiations between lawmakers and teachers unions. He also announced a bold move to double the vaccine supply going to ZIP codes with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Plus, who’s in line to become the state’s next attorney general, and what’s the future of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s seat? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mark Z. Barabak, Los Angeles Times columnist\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marisa Lagos, KQED politics and government correspondent\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mina Kim on Equity in Journalism\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">KQED Forum host Mina Kim joins us for a deep-dive interview on covering race, justice and equality as the show revamps its focus and widens its distribution. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: Pups at Play\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the weather grows warmer and the days grow longer, dog parks are seeing more and more four-legged visitors. Their joyful play is this week’s look at Something Beautiful. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "This Week in California Politics This week, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed legislation to reopen public schools after intense negotiations between lawmakers and teachers unions. He also announced a bold move to double the vaccine supply going to ZIP codes with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Plus, who’s in line to become the state’s next attorney general, and what’s the future of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s seat? Guests: Mark Z. Barabak, Los Angeles Times columnist Marisa Lagos, KQED politics and government correspondent Mina Kim on Equity in Journalism KQED Forum host Mina Kim joins us for a deep-dive interview on covering race,",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>California Schools Struggle to Reopen\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pressure to reopen schools that have been shuttered for almost a year by the pandemic is reaching a boiling point. State lawmakers, the governor and powerful teachers unions have been wrangling over how to safely get kids back in classrooms, while some school boards are facing lawsuits and even recall campaigns over not moving quickly enough. This week, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced plans to further prioritize getting vaccines to teachers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Julia McEvoy, KQED senior editor of education and equity \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ashley McBride, The Oaklandside education and equity reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>San Francisco District Attorney Chesa Boudin\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another elected official with a recall effort building against him is San Francisco District Attorney Chesa Boudin. Boudin was a deputy public defender before getting voted into this job in a narrow Election Day win. Over the past year, Boudin has made history as the first district attorney in modern history to charge a police officer with homicide. He was also the first in the nation to eliminate cash bail in criminal cases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chesa Boudin, San Francisco district attorney\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: SF Mission District Murals\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Murals have become part of our urban landscape, adding culture and history to streets and sidewalks. The murals of Clarion and Balmy alleys in San Francisco are in the spotlight in this week’s look at Something Beautiful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>California Schools Struggle to Reopen\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pressure to reopen schools that have been shuttered for almost a year by the pandemic is reaching a boiling point. State lawmakers, the governor and powerful teachers unions have been wrangling over how to safely get kids back in classrooms, while some school boards are facing lawsuits and even recall campaigns over not moving quickly enough. This week, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced plans to further prioritize getting vaccines to teachers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Julia McEvoy, KQED senior editor of education and equity \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ashley McBride, The Oaklandside education and equity reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>San Francisco District Attorney Chesa Boudin\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another elected official with a recall effort building against him is San Francisco District Attorney Chesa Boudin. Boudin was a deputy public defender before getting voted into this job in a narrow Election Day win. Over the past year, Boudin has made history as the first district attorney in modern history to charge a police officer with homicide. He was also the first in the nation to eliminate cash bail in criminal cases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chesa Boudin, San Francisco district attorney\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: SF Mission District Murals\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Murals have become part of our urban landscape, adding culture and history to streets and sidewalks. The murals of Clarion and Balmy alleys in San Francisco are in the spotlight in this week’s look at Something Beautiful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "a-potentially-major-flood-threat-is-hidden-in-the-east-bay-hills-chabot-dam",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]“I[/dropcap]f the Lake Chabot Dam cracked open in a big earthquake, what kind of flooding should the communities below expect? A tsunami that knocks down houses? Sidewalk streams?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollyann Vickers Keng posed that question to Bay Curious as she and her husband were checking out the possibility of buying a home in San Leandro. The house hunt in the East Bay town, just south of Oakland and stretching from the East Bay Hills to the shore of San Francisco Bay, included something unexpected. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, we were expecting to see on the disclosure things about earthquakes,” Vickers Keng says. “But I was not expecting to see anything about a flood zone. It was totally surprising to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing her own research, it didn’t take long to find out why there is a flood threat for many homes in San Leandro: Chabot Dam and the 3 billion gallons or so of water stored in Lake Chabot, the reservoir behind the dam. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn’t clear to Vickers Keng just what the threat might look like in the streets of San Leandro if the worst happened and the dam gave way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What kind of flood are we talking here?” she says. “Do I need to buy a canoe? Should we have life jackets in our emergency backpacks?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If people know about Chabot Dam at all, it’s likely because Lake Chabot is the centerpiece of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/lake_chabot/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a popular regional park.\u003c/a> But for the tens of thousands of people who travel through San Leandro every day on freeways, and even for many residents, the dam doesn’t register as a threat. The structure is virtually invisible even as you drive the winding road through the heavily wooded hills toward the lake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it was built, over an 18-year period from 1874 through 1892, the dam was one of the largest in the world. It’s a massive earthen embankment about 135 feet high, positioned strategically at the mouth of the rugged canyon where San Leandro Creek once cascaded from the hills toward San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential hazard the dam poses goes beyond the fact it’s a century and a half old and that it’s perched above a densely populated plain. There’s this, too: The structure was built within a few hundred yards of the Hayward Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why is that significant? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that over the last 900 years, the fault has produced a powerful earthquake — magnitude 6.3 or higher — every century and a half on average. The last one? Just over a century and a half ago. That 1868 quake devastated the then sparsely populated East Bay, caused widespread damage in San Francisco and killed 30 people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]o go back to our original question, what would happen if Chabot Dam “cracked open” and emptied the lake behind it onto the neighborhoods below? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dam’s owner, the East Bay Municipal Utility District, has a very straightforward response. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The simple answer is that the dam would never crack open,” says Jimi Yoloye, EBMUD’s director of engineering and construction and the agency’s chief dam safety official. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that the dams are designed such that they don’t just crack open,” he says. “You will see signs of a failure if one is to occur. And the dams are designed with monitoring equipment if that were to occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Division of Safety of Dams lists the downstream hazard for Chabot Dam as “extremely high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of dozens of Bay Area dams and about 250 across the state with the highest hazard rating, which is based on the potential loss of life and property destruction that might occur in a catastrophic dam failure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state requires dam owners to create and file \u003ca href=\"https://fmds.water.ca.gov/webgis/?appid=dam_prototype_v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inundation maps\u003c/a> depicting what would happen in that kind of disaster. And \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20434291/ca00165_md_scenario1-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the inundation map for Chabot Dam\u003c/a> shows an area stretching from the base of the hills in San Leandro all the way to Oakland International Airport that could suffer some degree of flooding if the dam broke. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoloye says the maps “are intended to show what is the worst possible scenario if the dam were just to suddenly disappear.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He adds that decades of improvements, \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20491786/chabot-dam-dosd-inspection-reports-2011-2019.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">ongoing inspections\u003c/a> and regular reevaluations of the dam’s condition and seismic vulnerability would prevent that “worst-possible-case” scenario from occurring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But still: What if? What will happen if — or when, actually — a big quake shakes the dam? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen years ago, at the direction of the Division of Safety of Dams, EBMUD commissioned \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/index.php/download_file/force/839/1552/?chabot-dam-freport-vol1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">an independent study\u003c/a> of that very question. The analysis estimated the effects of a 7.25 magnitude earthquake on the Hayward Fault, an event that would release nearly five times the energy of the 6.8 temblor that struck in 1868. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found the dam would remain standing, but not without damage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 7.25 magnitude quake “could cause the dam — the top of the dam — to slump by as much as 3 feet,” Yoloye says, summarizing the study’s findings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other damage could be expected, too, including some cracking of the main dam embankment. But crucially, the analysis found that because the top of the dam is 23 feet above Lake Chabot’s maximum surface level, there would be no uncontrolled release of water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That analysis led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/about-us/construction-and-maintenance/construction-my-neighborhood/chabot-dam-upgrade/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a 2017 project\u003c/a> to reinforce the dam embankment and retrofit a seismically vulnerable outlet that dam operators can use to release water from the lake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work on the embankment focused on strengthening the soils in the structure’s downstream base, or toe, using a method called concrete deep soil mixing. The technique involved boring deep into the soil and injecting concrete to form soil-cement columns designed to maintain the embankment’s stability in an earthquake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11862062\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11862062\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-1536x862.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2.jpg 1870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crews working on the 2017 upgrade of Chabot Dam. The project included work to strengthen soils at the dam’s downstream base, or toe, using a technique called cement deep soil mixing. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of A3GEO, Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]H[/dropcap]ollyann Vickers Keng’s question is a really good one because it reminds us that all dams pose risks of some kind. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the nature of the job they perform — holding back huge volumes of water that can turn from placid lake into deadly torrent if unleashed all at once — they deserve very close attention. When that attention lapses, catastrophes can and do happen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, history is full of examples of deadly, destructive dam failures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One legendary collapse occurred in western Pennsylvania in May 1889. Floodwater overflowed a badly maintained private dam in western Pennsylvania, triggering its collapse. A wall of water raced down the valley of the South Fork of the Little Conemaugh River, sweeping everything before it as it descended on the community of Johnstown. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the people in Johnstown never saw the water coming; they only heard it; and those who lived to tell about it would for years after try to describe the sound of the thing as it rushed on them,” historian David McCullough wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Johnstown-Flood-David-McCullough/dp/0671207148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“The Johnstown Flood\u003c/a>. “… Everyone heard thudding and screaming, the earsplitting crash of buildings going down, glass shattering, and the sides of houses ripping apart.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disaster wiped entire towns off the map and killed more than 2,200 people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861860\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889-800x604.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11861860\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889-800x604.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889-1020x770.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the Sisters of Charity Building in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, after the dam collapse and flood of May 31, 1889. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California owns its own special chapter in the history of dam disasters, with a tragedy more than 90 years ago in a remote canyon 50 miles north of downtown Los Angeles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much water leaked through and around sections of St. Francis Dam — a facility on a stream called San Francisquito Creek built to hold water shipped south from the Owens Valley via the Los Angeles Aqueduct — that locals had taken to joking about the structure’s imminent collapse. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, at 11:57 p.m. on March 12, 1928, the dam disintegrated — just hours after the 2-year-old concrete structure was pronounced sound by Los Angeles water chief William Mulholland. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the dam broke apart, a wall of water raged more than 50 miles to the Pacific Ocean, killing about 450 people along the way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t clear at the time why the dam failed. Mulholland, who had designed and overseen construction of the dam, suspected Owens Valley saboteurs. Later investigations have concluded the dam collapsed because it was built on a massive but undetected ancient landslide that moved when the dam’s reservoir filled. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520-800x671.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11861867\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520-800x671.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520-1020x855.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520-160x134.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520.jpg 1391w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Remnants of the St. Francis Dam, in San Francisquito Canyon, northern Los Angeles County. The dam collapsed on March 12, 1928, killing about 450 people. \u003ccite>(M.M. O'Shaughnessy Photograph Collection/The Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those events — 130 years ago, 90-some years ago — sound like ancient history. But there have been much more recent disasters and near-disasters, too. \u003ca href=\"https://damsafety.org/dam-failures#Learning%20from%20the%20Past\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A string of dam failures\u003c/a> across the United States in the 1970s killed at least 250 people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much more recently, California got a lesson in how dangerous and costly a failure of even part of a major dam can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2017 collapse of the spillway at Oroville Dam, in the northern Sierra foothills 130 miles northeast of San Francisco, touched off \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11306002/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of events\u003c/a> that led local officials to order 188,000 people to flee their homes. In the aftermath, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1918649/report-long-term-systemic-failure-led-to-oroville-dam-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an independent forensic investigation found\u003c/a> the spillway was badly designed and poorly built. Inspections over the year had been cursory and maintenance ineffective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397560\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-800x450.jpg\" alt='Ruins of the main spillway at Oroville Dam reveal a blend of \"fresh\" (blue-gray) rock and \"weahered\" (reddish-brown) rock underneath.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruins of the main spillway at Oroville Dam reveal badly eroded areas of rock beneath the concrete structure. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]o how is Chabot Dam different from all those bad dams? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand EBMUD’s confidence that a dam built within a quarter-mile of a dangerous fault will stand up to a violent shaking, let’s take a look at how the dam was first built nearly 150 years ago and how it’s been maintained since. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who built Chabot Dam? There’s more than one answer to that question. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Chabot, who had launched a series of profitable ventures supplying water to San Francisco, Oakland and other Bay Area cities, conceived the idea for the dam, scouted the site on San Leandro Creek, helped design the massive structure and supervised its construction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work began in early 1874. The San Leandro Record newspaper described the busy site and said “a grand thing is being achieved.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Record also noted a small army of workers, including 500 immigrant laborers from China. They did the backbreaking work of digging a series of foundation trenches and outlet tunnels, then building up the dam’s huge embankment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacqueline Beggs, a retired East Bay Regional Parks ranger who led history tours for more than 15 years at Lake Chabot, says Chinese laborers were the unsung heroes in building what at the time was the world’s largest embankment dam. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says few who look at the dam today can appreciate the enormous labor involved in building such a structure essentially by hand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process of building the dam’s dense clay core involved removing soil from the surrounding hills and carting it to the site. Wagonload after wagonload would be dumped, soaked with water, then packed down by teams of wild horses that had been captured in eastern Oregon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such horrific work, and they had to hand dig so much, and that’s why we call them the ‘shovel-men,’ ” Beggs says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1876, the dam rose 100 feet above the original creek bed, and stretched 500 feet across the top. Chabot’s privately held company delivered water to homes throughout Oakland from the new reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was about this time that the Oakland Tribune raised an alarm. What would happen, the paper asked, if the mighty new structure failed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The terrible consequences that would result from the bursting of this dam and the sudden rush, through the gorge below, of this vast body of water unloosed to instantaneously deluge the valley, can scarcely be conceived,” the Tribune wrote. “… In the twinkling of an eye it would annihilate the fruits of years of industry, destroying millions of dollars’ worth of property, and send more than a thousand human souls unheralded into oblivion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the dam stood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861878\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-1020x892.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"560\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11861878\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-1020x892.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-800x700.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-160x140.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-1536x1344.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-2048x1792.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-1920x1680.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1920s view of Lake Chabot, in the East Bay Hills above San Leandro. The main embankment of Chabot Dam is at the lower right. \u003ccite>(East Bay Municipal Utility District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Work continued through the early 1890s raising the dam another 10 feet or so and adding huge amounts of fill sluiced onto the dam’s embankment, which is about 1,000 feet thick at its base. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long afterward, the dam got a real-world test. The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake devastated the city, likely killed thousands and ruptured the San Andreas Fault for 300 miles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the quake was powerful enough to generate a 3-foot-high wave on Lake Chabot, the dam emerged with no apparent damage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more recent times, heightened awareness of the dangers posed by the Hayward Fault led to several studies in the 1960s and ’70s. Those analyses found the dam would remain stable in a major earthquake but prompted EBMUD to raise the embankment, add a modern spillway to supplement its original outlet tunnels and make other improvements. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot Dam weathered the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake unscathed. That was the last big event in the dam’s history before the new studies of the dam conducted in the early 2000s and EBMUD’s subsequent work to further strengthen the structure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimi Yoloye, EBMUD’s engineering and construction chief, says the key to understanding the dam’s condition as it ages is continual attention. That includes a program of state-required annual inspections and the use of remote electronic monitoring — instruments that can detect changes in moisture levels or movement — to keep an eye on conditions in the dam embankment. Longer-term studies are needed, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We routinely, probably every five to 10 years, we do an evaluation of the seismic stability of the dam, with the latest seismic engineering and information, to make sure nothing has changed and that the dam is still in safe condition,” Yoloye says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ongoing attention aside, there is something of a wild card in this discussion of what might happen to Chabot Dam and the waters of Lake Chabot in the event of some sort of cataclysm on the Hayward Fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is the presence of another, larger dam and reservoir just upstream from Chabot — Upper San Leandro Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20434425/ca01082_md_scenario1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state-mandated inundation map\u003c/a> for the upstream dam and reservoir shows the catastrophic failure of Upper San Leandro Dam would breach Chabot Dam and submerge much of San Leandro and parts of East Oakland under 10 feet of water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But EBMUD says Upper San Leandro Dam — a dam built in the 1970s after studies found a 1920s-era dam might suffer serious damage in a major earthquake — is extremely unlikely to suffer that kind failure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility says the most recent analysis of the new dam, in 2011, found it would perform “satisfactorily” in a magnitude 7.25 quake on the Hayward Fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings us back to Hollyann Vickers Keng, our Bay Curious “question asker.” How does she feel about the dam and the risks it poses now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband wound up buying a house in San Leandro, downstream from the dam. She says hearing that the seismic risk to the dam is taken seriously — and that it’s been upgraded recently — does give her some peace of mind. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a way, I feel extremely reassured to know there are some kind of dam safety people and, like, engineers who are thinking about this,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we’ll end with this observation: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams are a little deceiving. When we look at them, we see them as fixed, immovable, unchanging objects. But they’re really living, breathing structures that must withstand awesome physical forces. They are constantly changing in barely detectable ways. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s good to keep an eye on them, and it’s essential to make sure the agencies that own and operate them are doing that, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "What would happen if Chabot Dam in the East Bay Hills cracked open during a major earthquake and emptied the 3 billion or so gallons of water behind it onto San Leandro and Oakland?",
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"title": "A Potential Flood Threat Is Hidden in the East Bay Hills — Chabot Dam | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">“I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>f the Lake Chabot Dam cracked open in a big earthquake, what kind of flooding should the communities below expect? A tsunami that knocks down houses? Sidewalk streams?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollyann Vickers Keng posed that question to Bay Curious as she and her husband were checking out the possibility of buying a home in San Leandro. The house hunt in the East Bay town, just south of Oakland and stretching from the East Bay Hills to the shore of San Francisco Bay, included something unexpected. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, we were expecting to see on the disclosure things about earthquakes,” Vickers Keng says. “But I was not expecting to see anything about a flood zone. It was totally surprising to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing her own research, it didn’t take long to find out why there is a flood threat for many homes in San Leandro: Chabot Dam and the 3 billion gallons or so of water stored in Lake Chabot, the reservoir behind the dam. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn’t clear to Vickers Keng just what the threat might look like in the streets of San Leandro if the worst happened and the dam gave way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What kind of flood are we talking here?” she says. “Do I need to buy a canoe? Should we have life jackets in our emergency backpacks?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If people know about Chabot Dam at all, it’s likely because Lake Chabot is the centerpiece of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/lake_chabot/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a popular regional park.\u003c/a> But for the tens of thousands of people who travel through San Leandro every day on freeways, and even for many residents, the dam doesn’t register as a threat. The structure is virtually invisible even as you drive the winding road through the heavily wooded hills toward the lake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it was built, over an 18-year period from 1874 through 1892, the dam was one of the largest in the world. It’s a massive earthen embankment about 135 feet high, positioned strategically at the mouth of the rugged canyon where San Leandro Creek once cascaded from the hills toward San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential hazard the dam poses goes beyond the fact it’s a century and a half old and that it’s perched above a densely populated plain. There’s this, too: The structure was built within a few hundred yards of the Hayward Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why is that significant? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that over the last 900 years, the fault has produced a powerful earthquake — magnitude 6.3 or higher — every century and a half on average. The last one? Just over a century and a half ago. That 1868 quake devastated the then sparsely populated East Bay, caused widespread damage in San Francisco and killed 30 people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>o go back to our original question, what would happen if Chabot Dam “cracked open” and emptied the lake behind it onto the neighborhoods below? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dam’s owner, the East Bay Municipal Utility District, has a very straightforward response. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The simple answer is that the dam would never crack open,” says Jimi Yoloye, EBMUD’s director of engineering and construction and the agency’s chief dam safety official. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that the dams are designed such that they don’t just crack open,” he says. “You will see signs of a failure if one is to occur. And the dams are designed with monitoring equipment if that were to occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Division of Safety of Dams lists the downstream hazard for Chabot Dam as “extremely high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of dozens of Bay Area dams and about 250 across the state with the highest hazard rating, which is based on the potential loss of life and property destruction that might occur in a catastrophic dam failure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state requires dam owners to create and file \u003ca href=\"https://fmds.water.ca.gov/webgis/?appid=dam_prototype_v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inundation maps\u003c/a> depicting what would happen in that kind of disaster. And \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20434291/ca00165_md_scenario1-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the inundation map for Chabot Dam\u003c/a> shows an area stretching from the base of the hills in San Leandro all the way to Oakland International Airport that could suffer some degree of flooding if the dam broke. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoloye says the maps “are intended to show what is the worst possible scenario if the dam were just to suddenly disappear.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He adds that decades of improvements, \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20491786/chabot-dam-dosd-inspection-reports-2011-2019.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">ongoing inspections\u003c/a> and regular reevaluations of the dam’s condition and seismic vulnerability would prevent that “worst-possible-case” scenario from occurring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But still: What if? What will happen if — or when, actually — a big quake shakes the dam? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen years ago, at the direction of the Division of Safety of Dams, EBMUD commissioned \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/index.php/download_file/force/839/1552/?chabot-dam-freport-vol1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">an independent study\u003c/a> of that very question. The analysis estimated the effects of a 7.25 magnitude earthquake on the Hayward Fault, an event that would release nearly five times the energy of the 6.8 temblor that struck in 1868. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found the dam would remain standing, but not without damage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 7.25 magnitude quake “could cause the dam — the top of the dam — to slump by as much as 3 feet,” Yoloye says, summarizing the study’s findings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other damage could be expected, too, including some cracking of the main dam embankment. But crucially, the analysis found that because the top of the dam is 23 feet above Lake Chabot’s maximum surface level, there would be no uncontrolled release of water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That analysis led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/about-us/construction-and-maintenance/construction-my-neighborhood/chabot-dam-upgrade/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a 2017 project\u003c/a> to reinforce the dam embankment and retrofit a seismically vulnerable outlet that dam operators can use to release water from the lake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work on the embankment focused on strengthening the soils in the structure’s downstream base, or toe, using a method called concrete deep soil mixing. The technique involved boring deep into the soil and injecting concrete to form soil-cement columns designed to maintain the embankment’s stability in an earthquake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11862062\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11862062\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2-1536x862.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/71d737_fb34b2b873554e0992e1c735c2553c3e_mv2_d_7536_3008_s_4_2.jpg 1870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crews working on the 2017 upgrade of Chabot Dam. The project included work to strengthen soils at the dam’s downstream base, or toe, using a technique called cement deep soil mixing. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of A3GEO, Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">H\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ollyann Vickers Keng’s question is a really good one because it reminds us that all dams pose risks of some kind. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the nature of the job they perform — holding back huge volumes of water that can turn from placid lake into deadly torrent if unleashed all at once — they deserve very close attention. When that attention lapses, catastrophes can and do happen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, history is full of examples of deadly, destructive dam failures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One legendary collapse occurred in western Pennsylvania in May 1889. Floodwater overflowed a badly maintained private dam in western Pennsylvania, triggering its collapse. A wall of water raced down the valley of the South Fork of the Little Conemaugh River, sweeping everything before it as it descended on the community of Johnstown. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the people in Johnstown never saw the water coming; they only heard it; and those who lived to tell about it would for years after try to describe the sound of the thing as it rushed on them,” historian David McCullough wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Johnstown-Flood-David-McCullough/dp/0671207148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“The Johnstown Flood\u003c/a>. “… Everyone heard thudding and screaming, the earsplitting crash of buildings going down, glass shattering, and the sides of houses ripping apart.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disaster wiped entire towns off the map and killed more than 2,200 people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861860\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889-800x604.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11861860\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889-800x604.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889-1020x770.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/johnstownflood1889.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the Sisters of Charity Building in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, after the dam collapse and flood of May 31, 1889. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California owns its own special chapter in the history of dam disasters, with a tragedy more than 90 years ago in a remote canyon 50 miles north of downtown Los Angeles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much water leaked through and around sections of St. Francis Dam — a facility on a stream called San Francisquito Creek built to hold water shipped south from the Owens Valley via the Los Angeles Aqueduct — that locals had taken to joking about the structure’s imminent collapse. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, at 11:57 p.m. on March 12, 1928, the dam disintegrated — just hours after the 2-year-old concrete structure was pronounced sound by Los Angeles water chief William Mulholland. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the dam broke apart, a wall of water raged more than 50 miles to the Pacific Ocean, killing about 450 people along the way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t clear at the time why the dam failed. Mulholland, who had designed and overseen construction of the dam, suspected Owens Valley saboteurs. Later investigations have concluded the dam collapsed because it was built on a massive but undetected ancient landslide that moved when the dam’s reservoir filled. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520-800x671.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11861867\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520-800x671.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520-1020x855.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520-160x134.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/stfrancisdam1928-e1614189030520.jpg 1391w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Remnants of the St. Francis Dam, in San Francisquito Canyon, northern Los Angeles County. The dam collapsed on March 12, 1928, killing about 450 people. \u003ccite>(M.M. O'Shaughnessy Photograph Collection/The Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those events — 130 years ago, 90-some years ago — sound like ancient history. But there have been much more recent disasters and near-disasters, too. \u003ca href=\"https://damsafety.org/dam-failures#Learning%20from%20the%20Past\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A string of dam failures\u003c/a> across the United States in the 1970s killed at least 250 people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much more recently, California got a lesson in how dangerous and costly a failure of even part of a major dam can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2017 collapse of the spillway at Oroville Dam, in the northern Sierra foothills 130 miles northeast of San Francisco, touched off \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11306002/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of events\u003c/a> that led local officials to order 188,000 people to flee their homes. In the aftermath, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1918649/report-long-term-systemic-failure-led-to-oroville-dam-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an independent forensic investigation found\u003c/a> the spillway was badly designed and poorly built. Inspections over the year had been cursory and maintenance ineffective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397560\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-800x450.jpg\" alt='Ruins of the main spillway at Oroville Dam reveal a blend of \"fresh\" (blue-gray) rock and \"weahered\" (reddish-brown) rock underneath.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ORO_FI_06-1920x1080-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruins of the main spillway at Oroville Dam reveal badly eroded areas of rock beneath the concrete structure. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>o how is Chabot Dam different from all those bad dams? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand EBMUD’s confidence that a dam built within a quarter-mile of a dangerous fault will stand up to a violent shaking, let’s take a look at how the dam was first built nearly 150 years ago and how it’s been maintained since. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who built Chabot Dam? There’s more than one answer to that question. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Chabot, who had launched a series of profitable ventures supplying water to San Francisco, Oakland and other Bay Area cities, conceived the idea for the dam, scouted the site on San Leandro Creek, helped design the massive structure and supervised its construction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work began in early 1874. The San Leandro Record newspaper described the busy site and said “a grand thing is being achieved.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Record also noted a small army of workers, including 500 immigrant laborers from China. They did the backbreaking work of digging a series of foundation trenches and outlet tunnels, then building up the dam’s huge embankment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacqueline Beggs, a retired East Bay Regional Parks ranger who led history tours for more than 15 years at Lake Chabot, says Chinese laborers were the unsung heroes in building what at the time was the world’s largest embankment dam. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says few who look at the dam today can appreciate the enormous labor involved in building such a structure essentially by hand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process of building the dam’s dense clay core involved removing soil from the surrounding hills and carting it to the site. Wagonload after wagonload would be dumped, soaked with water, then packed down by teams of wild horses that had been captured in eastern Oregon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such horrific work, and they had to hand dig so much, and that’s why we call them the ‘shovel-men,’ ” Beggs says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1876, the dam rose 100 feet above the original creek bed, and stretched 500 feet across the top. Chabot’s privately held company delivered water to homes throughout Oakland from the new reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was about this time that the Oakland Tribune raised an alarm. What would happen, the paper asked, if the mighty new structure failed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The terrible consequences that would result from the bursting of this dam and the sudden rush, through the gorge below, of this vast body of water unloosed to instantaneously deluge the valley, can scarcely be conceived,” the Tribune wrote. “… In the twinkling of an eye it would annihilate the fruits of years of industry, destroying millions of dollars’ worth of property, and send more than a thousand human souls unheralded into oblivion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the dam stood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861878\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-1020x892.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"560\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11861878\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-1020x892.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-800x700.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-160x140.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-1536x1344.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-2048x1792.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Chabot-1920x1680.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1920s view of Lake Chabot, in the East Bay Hills above San Leandro. The main embankment of Chabot Dam is at the lower right. \u003ccite>(East Bay Municipal Utility District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Work continued through the early 1890s raising the dam another 10 feet or so and adding huge amounts of fill sluiced onto the dam’s embankment, which is about 1,000 feet thick at its base. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long afterward, the dam got a real-world test. The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake devastated the city, likely killed thousands and ruptured the San Andreas Fault for 300 miles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the quake was powerful enough to generate a 3-foot-high wave on Lake Chabot, the dam emerged with no apparent damage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more recent times, heightened awareness of the dangers posed by the Hayward Fault led to several studies in the 1960s and ’70s. Those analyses found the dam would remain stable in a major earthquake but prompted EBMUD to raise the embankment, add a modern spillway to supplement its original outlet tunnels and make other improvements. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot Dam weathered the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake unscathed. That was the last big event in the dam’s history before the new studies of the dam conducted in the early 2000s and EBMUD’s subsequent work to further strengthen the structure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimi Yoloye, EBMUD’s engineering and construction chief, says the key to understanding the dam’s condition as it ages is continual attention. That includes a program of state-required annual inspections and the use of remote electronic monitoring — instruments that can detect changes in moisture levels or movement — to keep an eye on conditions in the dam embankment. Longer-term studies are needed, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We routinely, probably every five to 10 years, we do an evaluation of the seismic stability of the dam, with the latest seismic engineering and information, to make sure nothing has changed and that the dam is still in safe condition,” Yoloye says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ongoing attention aside, there is something of a wild card in this discussion of what might happen to Chabot Dam and the waters of Lake Chabot in the event of some sort of cataclysm on the Hayward Fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is the presence of another, larger dam and reservoir just upstream from Chabot — Upper San Leandro Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20434425/ca01082_md_scenario1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state-mandated inundation map\u003c/a> for the upstream dam and reservoir shows the catastrophic failure of Upper San Leandro Dam would breach Chabot Dam and submerge much of San Leandro and parts of East Oakland under 10 feet of water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But EBMUD says Upper San Leandro Dam — a dam built in the 1970s after studies found a 1920s-era dam might suffer serious damage in a major earthquake — is extremely unlikely to suffer that kind failure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility says the most recent analysis of the new dam, in 2011, found it would perform “satisfactorily” in a magnitude 7.25 quake on the Hayward Fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings us back to Hollyann Vickers Keng, our Bay Curious “question asker.” How does she feel about the dam and the risks it poses now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband wound up buying a house in San Leandro, downstream from the dam. She says hearing that the seismic risk to the dam is taken seriously — and that it’s been upgraded recently — does give her some peace of mind. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a way, I feel extremely reassured to know there are some kind of dam safety people and, like, engineers who are thinking about this,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we’ll end with this observation: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams are a little deceiving. When we look at them, we see them as fixed, immovable, unchanging objects. But they’re really living, breathing structures that must withstand awesome physical forces. They are constantly changing in barely detectable ways. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s good to keep an eye on them, and it’s essential to make sure the agencies that own and operate them are doing that, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Chevron Says Flawed Electrical Diagram Triggered Major Flaring Incident",
"title": "Chevron Says Flawed Electrical Diagram Triggered Major Flaring Incident",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Chevron says an incorrectly labeled electrical diagram caused a power outage at its Richmond refinery last November and led to a series of flaring incidents and the release of more than 100,000 pounds of toxic gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of California's top air quality health experts says the electrical incident, which the company disclosed in a report to regional air regulators, amounts to a \"Chevron screw-up\" that could have triggered serious health effects for people living downwind of the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The series of events started Nov. 2, when the plant belched out a plume of black smoke that could be seen throughout the central Bay Area. Hours after the flaring began, Chevron said a power disruption to part of the massive facility had triggered the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery officials provided details of the mistake and subsequent problems at the refinery in a series of reports filed earlier this month with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='John Balmes, professor of medicine at UCSF who sits on the California Air Resources Board']'That sounds like a Chevron screw-up that should not have been beyond the reasonable control of Chevron.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says the issues began as workers tested a communication system that uses acoustic signals to control valves at the plant. During the test, circuit breakers at two electrical substations tripped, causing a power outage to part of the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was due to an incorrectly labeled drawing that did not match the circuitry in the field,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/causal-reports/2020_1102_a0010_s6013_01-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of Chevron's reports\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It sounds like a routine maintenance check that went south,\" said Eric Smith, a Tulane University professor who specializes in refinery operations, and who read the company's reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nov. 2 outage led to gases being routed through several of the refinery's flares. The initial malfunction also affected other parts of the facility's operations, leading to further flaring over the following week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That sounds like a Chevron screw-up that should not have been beyond the reasonable control of Chevron,\" said John Balmes, a professor of medicine at UCSF who sits on the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like it was a serious incident that led to a release of a large volume of climate forcing and toxic gases,\" Balmes said. \"If an asthmatic patient was outside downwind from the SO2 (sulfur dioxide) release, they could have experienced an asthma attack.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the flaring started, the air district said it had received 20 complaints from people nearby who said they could see the smoke or smell an odor coming from the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nov. 2 flaring operation lasted 17 hours, into the early hours of Nov. 3. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the refinery began starting up parts of its hydrogen plant that afternoon, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/causal-reports/2020_1103_a0010_s6021_01-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it sent more methane and non-methane hydrocarbons through its flares\u003c/a> between Nov. 3 and Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 9, as the refinery restarted several hydroprocessing units, its flare gas recovery system got overloaded and sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/causal-reports/2020_1109_a0010_s6039_01-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another round of pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, into the air. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, more than 100,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide, 8,000 pounds of methane and 9,000 pounds of non-methane hydrocarbons (this includes chemicals like propane and benzene, among others) were released in the three incidents, the company's reports say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of sulfur dioxide released following the early November outage was nearly equal to the total amount of the pollutant the refinery released in flaring operations in all of 2019, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/2019/refinery_flaring_so2-emissions_2019-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public data from the air district\u003c/a>. It's also tens of thousands of pounds more than the total amount of sulfur dioxide that all other Bay Area refineries released during flaring that same year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was a lot of very lengthy flaring,\" said Matt Krogh, oil and gas campaign director for the environmental group Stand.earth. \"Chevron should have better systems in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Matt Krogh, oil and gas campaign director for the environmental group Stand.earth']'That was a lot of very lengthy flaring ... Chevron should have better systems in place.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it was an emergency, it was a preventable emergency,\" Krogh said. \"Chevron has been flaring excessively for years. Why can't they get a handle on what's flowing through their processing units?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018 and 2019, Chevron's Richmond refinery experienced \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/2019/frequency_of_flaring_2019-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a spike in flaring incidents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sulfur dioxide is a common chemical released during flaring operations, which are described by air regulators and the industry as safety techniques used to dispose of hydrocarbon gases safely. (You can learn more about refinery flaring on this air district\u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/plans-and-climate/emission-tracking-and-monitoring/flare-minimization-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> webpage\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another environmental advocate, Matt Renner, who lives in Richmond and has consistently criticized the refinery for such episodes, said the November flaring raises significant concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This plant is not being operated safely,\" Renner said. \"The fact that they admit that their own documentation is wrong and that they don't have procedures for restarting safely after an unplanned outage begs the question: If Chevron doesn't know how to operate this plant safely, who does?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Chevron representative declined to offer more specifics about the sequence of events that led to the mistaken circuitry drawings and outage but emphasized that the company has worked to reduce flaring at its refineries around the world and in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the exception of flaring that occurred in 2019 as part of overcoming the challenges of integrating $1 billion of new, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/3552/Chevron-Richmond-Refinery-Modernization-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">modernized equipment\u003c/a>, Richmond has reduced the frequency and volume of flaring events over the last 10 years. We continue to focus efforts to both reduce flaring and facility down time,\" said Chevron spokeswoman Linsi Crain. [aside tag=\"chevron,air-pollution\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company told the air district that it has updated diagrams for the electrical substations involved in the outage and is working on other changes to prevent a repeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron identified and employed preventative measures to protect against this type of power loss in the future,\" Crain said. \"Similar to protections against mechanical failures, Chevron employs multiple layers of safeguards and systems to reduce human error.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Importantly, air monitoring data during the incidents in question demonstrated no exceedances above health-based standards for the chemicals monitored,\" Crain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>November's flaring incident is under investigation by the air district but not by the hazardous materials program at Contra Costa County Public Health Services. Officials at the health agency did not seek a 72-hour report on the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flaring operations were not deemed to be a major chemical accident or release so the refinery is not required by county officials to perform a root-cause analysis, according to Matt Kaufmann, director of the county's hazardous materials programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The November case was the second significant incident at the refinery in a matter of six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 14, in the midst of a Bay Area heat wave, Chevron had a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833406/smoke-from-flaring-at-chevrons-richmond-refinery-seen-from-across-the-bay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">malfunction\u003c/a> tied to the weather. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/causal-reports/2020_0814_a0010_s6016_01-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">causal flare report\u003c/a> filed with the air district, after it reached 90 degrees that day, one of the facility's fire suppression systems mistakenly activated. A steam unit tripped offline, causing pressure problems that prompted the refinery to send gas to its flares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For comparison, that flaring led to the release of close to 630 pounds of sulfur dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 16, there was another malfunction at the refinery. Other than Chevron's description of a \"unit upset\" at the facility, details about that incident have not been released. A causal report for that flaring operation is due by the end of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11859660/chevron-richmond-refinery-spill-as-crews-mop-up-investigators-move-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruptured pipeline\u003c/a> at Chevron's Long Wharf led to the release of up to 750 gallons of low sulfur diesel mixed with water into San Francisco Bay. That triggered a health advisory, the closure of a local beach, several investigations, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/herring-fishermen-sue-chevron-over-california-oil-leak/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> from a local fishing group and a \u003ca href=\"http://sireweb.ci.richmond.ca.us/sirepub/cache/2/eyohtnyq2nr312ut5nd4yjwb/61432002192021070349512.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hearing\u003c/a> before the Richmond City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chevron says an incorrectly labeled electrical diagram caused a power outage at its Richmond refinery last November and led to a series of flaring incidents and the release of more than 100,000 pounds of toxic gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of California's top air quality health experts says the electrical incident, which the company disclosed in a report to regional air regulators, amounts to a \"Chevron screw-up\" that could have triggered serious health effects for people living downwind of the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The series of events started Nov. 2, when the plant belched out a plume of black smoke that could be seen throughout the central Bay Area. Hours after the flaring began, Chevron said a power disruption to part of the massive facility had triggered the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery officials provided details of the mistake and subsequent problems at the refinery in a series of reports filed earlier this month with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says the issues began as workers tested a communication system that uses acoustic signals to control valves at the plant. During the test, circuit breakers at two electrical substations tripped, causing a power outage to part of the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was due to an incorrectly labeled drawing that did not match the circuitry in the field,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/causal-reports/2020_1102_a0010_s6013_01-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of Chevron's reports\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It sounds like a routine maintenance check that went south,\" said Eric Smith, a Tulane University professor who specializes in refinery operations, and who read the company's reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nov. 2 outage led to gases being routed through several of the refinery's flares. The initial malfunction also affected other parts of the facility's operations, leading to further flaring over the following week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That sounds like a Chevron screw-up that should not have been beyond the reasonable control of Chevron,\" said John Balmes, a professor of medicine at UCSF who sits on the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like it was a serious incident that led to a release of a large volume of climate forcing and toxic gases,\" Balmes said. \"If an asthmatic patient was outside downwind from the SO2 (sulfur dioxide) release, they could have experienced an asthma attack.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the flaring started, the air district said it had received 20 complaints from people nearby who said they could see the smoke or smell an odor coming from the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nov. 2 flaring operation lasted 17 hours, into the early hours of Nov. 3. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the refinery began starting up parts of its hydrogen plant that afternoon, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/causal-reports/2020_1103_a0010_s6021_01-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it sent more methane and non-methane hydrocarbons through its flares\u003c/a> between Nov. 3 and Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 9, as the refinery restarted several hydroprocessing units, its flare gas recovery system got overloaded and sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/causal-reports/2020_1109_a0010_s6039_01-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another round of pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, into the air. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, more than 100,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide, 8,000 pounds of methane and 9,000 pounds of non-methane hydrocarbons (this includes chemicals like propane and benzene, among others) were released in the three incidents, the company's reports say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of sulfur dioxide released following the early November outage was nearly equal to the total amount of the pollutant the refinery released in flaring operations in all of 2019, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/2019/refinery_flaring_so2-emissions_2019-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public data from the air district\u003c/a>. It's also tens of thousands of pounds more than the total amount of sulfur dioxide that all other Bay Area refineries released during flaring that same year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was a lot of very lengthy flaring,\" said Matt Krogh, oil and gas campaign director for the environmental group Stand.earth. \"Chevron should have better systems in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it was an emergency, it was a preventable emergency,\" Krogh said. \"Chevron has been flaring excessively for years. Why can't they get a handle on what's flowing through their processing units?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018 and 2019, Chevron's Richmond refinery experienced \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/2019/frequency_of_flaring_2019-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a spike in flaring incidents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sulfur dioxide is a common chemical released during flaring operations, which are described by air regulators and the industry as safety techniques used to dispose of hydrocarbon gases safely. (You can learn more about refinery flaring on this air district\u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/plans-and-climate/emission-tracking-and-monitoring/flare-minimization-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> webpage\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another environmental advocate, Matt Renner, who lives in Richmond and has consistently criticized the refinery for such episodes, said the November flaring raises significant concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This plant is not being operated safely,\" Renner said. \"The fact that they admit that their own documentation is wrong and that they don't have procedures for restarting safely after an unplanned outage begs the question: If Chevron doesn't know how to operate this plant safely, who does?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Chevron representative declined to offer more specifics about the sequence of events that led to the mistaken circuitry drawings and outage but emphasized that the company has worked to reduce flaring at its refineries around the world and in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the exception of flaring that occurred in 2019 as part of overcoming the challenges of integrating $1 billion of new, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/3552/Chevron-Richmond-Refinery-Modernization-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">modernized equipment\u003c/a>, Richmond has reduced the frequency and volume of flaring events over the last 10 years. We continue to focus efforts to both reduce flaring and facility down time,\" said Chevron spokeswoman Linsi Crain. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company told the air district that it has updated diagrams for the electrical substations involved in the outage and is working on other changes to prevent a repeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron identified and employed preventative measures to protect against this type of power loss in the future,\" Crain said. \"Similar to protections against mechanical failures, Chevron employs multiple layers of safeguards and systems to reduce human error.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Importantly, air monitoring data during the incidents in question demonstrated no exceedances above health-based standards for the chemicals monitored,\" Crain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>November's flaring incident is under investigation by the air district but not by the hazardous materials program at Contra Costa County Public Health Services. Officials at the health agency did not seek a 72-hour report on the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flaring operations were not deemed to be a major chemical accident or release so the refinery is not required by county officials to perform a root-cause analysis, according to Matt Kaufmann, director of the county's hazardous materials programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The November case was the second significant incident at the refinery in a matter of six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 14, in the midst of a Bay Area heat wave, Chevron had a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833406/smoke-from-flaring-at-chevrons-richmond-refinery-seen-from-across-the-bay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">malfunction\u003c/a> tied to the weather. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/causal-reports/2020_0814_a0010_s6016_01-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">causal flare report\u003c/a> filed with the air district, after it reached 90 degrees that day, one of the facility's fire suppression systems mistakenly activated. A steam unit tripped offline, causing pressure problems that prompted the refinery to send gas to its flares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For comparison, that flaring led to the release of close to 630 pounds of sulfur dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 16, there was another malfunction at the refinery. Other than Chevron's description of a \"unit upset\" at the facility, details about that incident have not been released. A causal report for that flaring operation is due by the end of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11859660/chevron-richmond-refinery-spill-as-crews-mop-up-investigators-move-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruptured pipeline\u003c/a> at Chevron's Long Wharf led to the release of up to 750 gallons of low sulfur diesel mixed with water into San Francisco Bay. That triggered a health advisory, the closure of a local beach, several investigations, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/herring-fishermen-sue-chevron-over-california-oil-leak/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> from a local fishing group and a \u003ca href=\"http://sireweb.ci.richmond.ca.us/sirepub/cache/2/eyohtnyq2nr312ut5nd4yjwb/61432002192021070349512.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hearing\u003c/a> before the Richmond City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Feb. 1, a military coup in Myanmar (formerly Burma) toppled the government of Aung San Suu Kyi, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who spent some 15 years under house arrest before leading the country’s first democratically elected government after decades of military rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suu Kyi — who held the title of state counselor and was the country’s de facto leader – was removed from power after elections in November handed her National League for Democracy a resounding victory. Those same elections resulted in an embarrassing defeat for the military, which immediately labeled the results fraudulent. The coup’s leaders have now leveled \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/16/968350007/myanmars-coup-leaders-level-more-charges-against-ousted-leader-suu-kyi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new charges against Suu Kyi\u003c/a>, which could result in her being held indefinitely without a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As thousands of protesters \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/13/967714349/myanmar-protests-continue-in-wake-of-military-takeover\">continue to take to the streets in Myanmar\u003c/a> to demand Suu Kyi’s release and that power be handed back to civilian control, the United Nations special rapporteur on human rights in Myanmar \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/16/asia/myanmar-military-coup-people-intl-hnk/index.html\">told CNN this week he was “terrified”\u003c/a> of the potential for violence if continuing mass protests and military troops converge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ko Ko Lay, former 1988 student leader and Free Burma Action Committee member\"]‘I’m so upset, and so angry, and so worried for our new generation. But we have no choice — we have to fight for our freedom.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/FBACSF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Free Burma Action Committee — San Francisco\u003c/a> has coordinated three rallies at UN Plaza in the past two weeks, and plans to continue until Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint – who was also arrested after the coup – are released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two of the rallies drew over 800 people, according to organizers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another rally “against China’s enabling Policy on Burma” is \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/432827808037471\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">planned for this Saturday\u003c/a> at the Chinese Consulate in San Francisco. On Feb. 2, the United Nations Security Council failed to agree on a joint statement condemning the military coup \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55913947\">after China did not support it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MinThan16901630/status/1358328109456523265\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m so upset, and so angry, and so worried for our new generation,” said Ko Ko Lay. “But we have no choice — we have to fight for our freedom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lay, who is in his early 60s, left Burma in 1988 after participating in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06gsyrz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">8888 Uprising\u003c/a> as a student leader. The military killed hundreds of protesters during that uprising. Speaking with KQED on Sunday, Lay said he’d been awake until 7 a.m. trying to communicate with those in Myanmar during one of the recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/17/myanmars-internet-shutdown-whats-going-on-and-it-crush-dissent\">internet shutdowns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/netblocks/status/1361505276382359553\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lay helped form the Free Burma Action Committee — San Francisco on Feb. 1 in an effort to share information and to call on U.S. officials to act. He said the Burmese community across the U.S. cannot do all the work by themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need the help of all American people,” he said, emphasizing the importance of fighting the military through “peaceful means, and peaceful protest.” The Free Burma Action Committee is demanding the Myanmar military respect peaceful assembly, recognize the 2020 election and restore civilian rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lay said the Myanmar military is more brutal than in North Korea. “[It’s] a regime that will kill and destroy our life, and our future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11860525\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/1920_IMG_0013-scaled-e1613610829711.jpg\" alt=\"Demonstrator's at Civic Center Plaza in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2021.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11860525\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators rally against the military takeover of Myanmar at Civic Center Plaza in San Francisco on Feb. 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Free Burma Action Committee – San Francisco)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/asia/myanmar-burma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">figures cited by Human Rights Watch\u003c/a>, at least 326 people have been arrested since the coup in Myanmar, and more than 300 are still detained, though the real number could be much higher. They also report that police \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/09/myanmar-lethal-force-used-against-protesters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">used lethal force, shooting at least one protester\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Maw Aung, who was born and raised in Myanmar and has been in the Bay Area for the past 18 years, the story of that protester – Mya Thwe Thwe Khine, a young university student peacefully protesting when she was shot – is the most disturbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those students weren’t doing anything … it was just a peaceful protest,” Aung said. “Those kind of things like that really scare me. It’s just not acceptable and it’s just not humane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A doctor \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/09/myanmar-lethal-force-used-against-protesters\">Human Rights Watch spoke with\u003c/a> said Mya Thwe Thwe Khine had a projectile consistent with live ammunition lodged in her head, that she remained in critical condition on Feb. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aung, who now lives in the East Bay, said some people in the Bay Area may not realize the things they take for granted, like water and electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over here, for the people who live and grew up here, we do take these things for granted,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t want to see Myanmar return to how it was when she was young — with a lack of access to basic necessities under a military dictatorship. She wants the world to see what is happening in Myanmar — so she’s been attending the protests in San Francisco with the hope that others will speak up and take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Economic Sanctions by the Biden Administration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the national level, the Biden administration has imposed sanctions on 10 current and retired top-ranking leaders in Myanmar’s military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0024\">statement\u003c/a> issued Feb. 11, the Treasury Department announced it was freezing U.S.-based assets belonging to the sanctioned individuals. The list includes six members of the newly installed junta, including its head, Senior Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, and his deputy, Soe Win. Hlaing was already on a U.S. sanctions list from 2019, when he was targeted for the army’s brutal crackdown on Rohingya Muslims in the country’s western Rakhine state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/01/962758188/myanmar-coup-military-detains-aung-san-suu-kyi-plans-new-election-in-2022\">Feb. 1 coup\u003c/a> came in response to elections that easily returned Suu Kyi and her National League for Democracy to power — defeating the military. After taking power, Min Aung Hlaing ordered the arrest of Suu Kyi, who held the title of state counselor, as well as President U Win Myint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting that President Biden had called the coup “a direct assault on Burma’s transition to democracy and the rule of law,” Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said in the statement that the department “stands with the people of Burma — and we are doing what we must to help them in their effort to secure freedom and democracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are also prepared to take additional action should Burma’s military not change course,” Yellen said. “If there is more violence against peaceful protestors, the Burmese military will find that today’s sanctions are just the first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, the U.S. Agency for International Development \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/press-releases/feb-11-2021-usaid-immediately-redirects-42-million-response-military-coup-burma\">announced \u003c/a>that it was “immediately redirecting $42.4 million of assistance away from work that would have benefited the Government of Burma. Rather than supporting the military, we will redirect these funds to support and strengthen civil society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of Burma are making their voices heard, and the world is watching,” Biden said. “We’ll be ready to impose additional measures, and we’ll continue to work with our international partners to urge other nations to join us in these efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The military takeover has sparked the biggest protests in Myanmar since the 2007 “Saffron Revolution” that helped lay the groundwork for Suu Kyi’s eventual 2015 election victory after spending 15 years under house arrest at the hands of a previous junta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/designating-officials-and-entities-in-connection-with-the-military-coup-in-burma/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a> on Feb. 11, the State Department said the sanctions “specifically target current or former members of the military who played a leading role in the overthrow of Burma’s democratically-elected government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do not target the economy or people of Burma, and we have gone to great lengths to ensure we do not add to the humanitarian plight of the Burmese people,” the department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>This story includes reporting from NPR’s Scott Neuman.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Feb. 1, a military coup in Myanmar (formerly Burma) toppled the government of Aung San Suu Kyi, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who spent some 15 years under house arrest before leading the country’s first democratically elected government after decades of military rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suu Kyi — who held the title of state counselor and was the country’s de facto leader – was removed from power after elections in November handed her National League for Democracy a resounding victory. Those same elections resulted in an embarrassing defeat for the military, which immediately labeled the results fraudulent. The coup’s leaders have now leveled \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/16/968350007/myanmars-coup-leaders-level-more-charges-against-ousted-leader-suu-kyi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new charges against Suu Kyi\u003c/a>, which could result in her being held indefinitely without a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As thousands of protesters \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/13/967714349/myanmar-protests-continue-in-wake-of-military-takeover\">continue to take to the streets in Myanmar\u003c/a> to demand Suu Kyi’s release and that power be handed back to civilian control, the United Nations special rapporteur on human rights in Myanmar \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/16/asia/myanmar-military-coup-people-intl-hnk/index.html\">told CNN this week he was “terrified”\u003c/a> of the potential for violence if continuing mass protests and military troops converge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/FBACSF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Free Burma Action Committee — San Francisco\u003c/a> has coordinated three rallies at UN Plaza in the past two weeks, and plans to continue until Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint – who was also arrested after the coup – are released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two of the rallies drew over 800 people, according to organizers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another rally “against China’s enabling Policy on Burma” is \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/432827808037471\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">planned for this Saturday\u003c/a> at the Chinese Consulate in San Francisco. On Feb. 2, the United Nations Security Council failed to agree on a joint statement condemning the military coup \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55913947\">after China did not support it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Lay helped form the Free Burma Action Committee — San Francisco on Feb. 1 in an effort to share information and to call on U.S. officials to act. He said the Burmese community across the U.S. cannot do all the work by themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need the help of all American people,” he said, emphasizing the importance of fighting the military through “peaceful means, and peaceful protest.” The Free Burma Action Committee is demanding the Myanmar military respect peaceful assembly, recognize the 2020 election and restore civilian rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lay said the Myanmar military is more brutal than in North Korea. “[It’s] a regime that will kill and destroy our life, and our future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11860525\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/1920_IMG_0013-scaled-e1613610829711.jpg\" alt=\"Demonstrator's at Civic Center Plaza in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2021.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11860525\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators rally against the military takeover of Myanmar at Civic Center Plaza in San Francisco on Feb. 13, 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Free Burma Action Committee – San Francisco)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/asia/myanmar-burma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">figures cited by Human Rights Watch\u003c/a>, at least 326 people have been arrested since the coup in Myanmar, and more than 300 are still detained, though the real number could be much higher. They also report that police \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/09/myanmar-lethal-force-used-against-protesters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">used lethal force, shooting at least one protester\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Maw Aung, who was born and raised in Myanmar and has been in the Bay Area for the past 18 years, the story of that protester – Mya Thwe Thwe Khine, a young university student peacefully protesting when she was shot – is the most disturbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those students weren’t doing anything … it was just a peaceful protest,” Aung said. “Those kind of things like that really scare me. It’s just not acceptable and it’s just not humane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A doctor \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/09/myanmar-lethal-force-used-against-protesters\">Human Rights Watch spoke with\u003c/a> said Mya Thwe Thwe Khine had a projectile consistent with live ammunition lodged in her head, that she remained in critical condition on Feb. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aung, who now lives in the East Bay, said some people in the Bay Area may not realize the things they take for granted, like water and electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over here, for the people who live and grew up here, we do take these things for granted,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t want to see Myanmar return to how it was when she was young — with a lack of access to basic necessities under a military dictatorship. She wants the world to see what is happening in Myanmar — so she’s been attending the protests in San Francisco with the hope that others will speak up and take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Economic Sanctions by the Biden Administration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the national level, the Biden administration has imposed sanctions on 10 current and retired top-ranking leaders in Myanmar’s military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0024\">statement\u003c/a> issued Feb. 11, the Treasury Department announced it was freezing U.S.-based assets belonging to the sanctioned individuals. The list includes six members of the newly installed junta, including its head, Senior Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, and his deputy, Soe Win. Hlaing was already on a U.S. sanctions list from 2019, when he was targeted for the army’s brutal crackdown on Rohingya Muslims in the country’s western Rakhine state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/01/962758188/myanmar-coup-military-detains-aung-san-suu-kyi-plans-new-election-in-2022\">Feb. 1 coup\u003c/a> came in response to elections that easily returned Suu Kyi and her National League for Democracy to power — defeating the military. After taking power, Min Aung Hlaing ordered the arrest of Suu Kyi, who held the title of state counselor, as well as President U Win Myint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting that President Biden had called the coup “a direct assault on Burma’s transition to democracy and the rule of law,” Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said in the statement that the department “stands with the people of Burma — and we are doing what we must to help them in their effort to secure freedom and democracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are also prepared to take additional action should Burma’s military not change course,” Yellen said. “If there is more violence against peaceful protestors, the Burmese military will find that today’s sanctions are just the first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, the U.S. Agency for International Development \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/press-releases/feb-11-2021-usaid-immediately-redirects-42-million-response-military-coup-burma\">announced \u003c/a>that it was “immediately redirecting $42.4 million of assistance away from work that would have benefited the Government of Burma. Rather than supporting the military, we will redirect these funds to support and strengthen civil society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of Burma are making their voices heard, and the world is watching,” Biden said. “We’ll be ready to impose additional measures, and we’ll continue to work with our international partners to urge other nations to join us in these efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The military takeover has sparked the biggest protests in Myanmar since the 2007 “Saffron Revolution” that helped lay the groundwork for Suu Kyi’s eventual 2015 election victory after spending 15 years under house arrest at the hands of a previous junta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/designating-officials-and-entities-in-connection-with-the-military-coup-in-burma/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a> on Feb. 11, the State Department said the sanctions “specifically target current or former members of the military who played a leading role in the overthrow of Burma’s democratically-elected government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do not target the economy or people of Burma, and we have gone to great lengths to ensure we do not add to the humanitarian plight of the Burmese people,” the department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>This story includes reporting from NPR’s Scott Neuman.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The True History of Irish Coffee and Its San Francisco Origins",
"headTitle": "The True History of Irish Coffee and Its San Francisco Origins | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When Sara Russell was a kid, her mom would bring her to \u003ca href=\"http://www.thebuenavista.com/home/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Buena Vista Cafe\u003c/a> across from Aquatic Park and regale her with stories of the bar’s history and its famous Irish coffees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Her and her friends would take the Hyde Street cable car, because back then [in the 1960s] it was a local thing, and she’d come here and get an Irish coffee,” said Russell. The small bar was a glamorous place filled with true stories and tall tales. As an adult, Russell has come back here on dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I was always told that the Irish coffee was invented here, in this place, in San Francisco,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she wants to know if that story is totally accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was Irish coffee invented in San Francisco?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a regular day, the Buena Vista serves around 2,000 Irish coffees—up to 2,500 on a busy weekend day, said Lea Hausherr, who has been a waitress there for 14 years and is the informal historian of the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we watched, the bartender lined up hot glasses all the way down the bar, filling each with hot water. After pouring the water out, he replaced it with two sugar cubes and topped that with hot coffee, which the bar goes through so quickly that it always stays fresh. Then the bartender stirred up every glass, “like Bob Marley,” he added. As he stirred, he splashed a little bit of the drinks out here and there, to make sure each cup looked the same all down the bar. Irish whiskey, always Tullamore Dew, was next and then cold heavy cream spooned on top.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nAnd there you have it: the famous Irish coffee, reportedly invented right here in this bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628105\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11628105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-1180x786.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The coffee is poured over sugar cubes in a line of glasses. \u003ccite>(Kelly O'Mara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Russell, Bay Curious host Olivia Allen-Price and I all sipped our Irish coffees, Hausherr told us the legendary tale of the drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not originated in San Francisco. But it was introduced first in San Francisco to America,” she said, right here at the Buena Vista 65 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Myth, The Man, The Story\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“It was 1952, it was a dark and stormy night, Nov. 10 to be exact,” said Hausherr. “The owner of the Buena Vista at the time, his name was Jack Koeppler, he was behind the bar.” Sitting at the bar was the popular San Francisco Chronicle travel writer of the time, Stanton Delaplane, who had written many columns about this amazing drink he’d had at the Foynes airport in Ireland: Gaelic coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click on the images to read Delaplane’s “Postcards from Shannon” in the Chronicle.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4174223-dela07081954-71506BCCF710EBA11-15062D6742A5E3F0.html\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11628126\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM.png 698w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM-160x248.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM-240x373.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM-375x582.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM-520x808.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That night, the two of them set about trying to replicate the drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tried it, they tried different glasses, they tried different whiskeys, they tried everything they could think of,” said Hausherr, “but the cream kept falling down to the bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Koeppler became so obsessed with perfecting the Irish coffee that he even flew to the original source: the Foynes Flying Boat terminal, which later closed and was replaced by the nearby Shannon airport. It was at the Foynes terminal that cook Joe Sheridan reportedly invented the drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings us to the other half of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4174222-Dela-03171954-5068FC0214862A1-15062D936DAFB5EC.html\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11628144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM.png 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM-160x230.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM-240x345.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM-375x539.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM-520x747.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.flyingboatmuseum.com/irish-coffee-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Foynes Flying Boat Museum\u003c/a> and the story Hausherr passed on, the drink was invented on another dark and stormy night a decade earlier in 1943. A Pan Am flight headed to New York was forced to turn back in the bad weather. When it pulled into the Foynes terminal, the cold and tired passengers disembarked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wanted to warm up the Yanks,” said Hausherr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheridan was a cook at the time, and whipped up the perfect drink to keep the Yanks warm and awake: coffee with Irish whiskey and a little extra sugar and cream for the American palate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is this, asked one of the passengers, Brazilian coffee? No, he said, it’s Irish coffee!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Sheridan who Buena Vista owner, Jack Koeppler, visited 10 years later looking for help making his own authentic version to bring to San Francisco. Sheridan aided the project and even came over to San Francisco, though it’s unclear if he worked at the Buena Vista. Either way, Sheridan stuck around, and when he died, he was buried in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOSC5JunFpc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final recipe Koeppler settled on used aged cream from the San Francisco mayor at the time, who also ran a dairy. To fluff up the cream and help it float, Koeppler added more sugar and a healthy dose of heavy whipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now have what they came up with in 1952. It’s been the exact same recipe all this time,” said Hausherr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or so the story goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Another Take\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“That’s the most widely accepted version,” said Eric Felten, author of “How’s Your Drink?” and a former drink columnist for the Wall Street Journal. But Felten has two problems with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Felten is not sure that Joe Sheridan really invented the drink to warm up passengers at an airport one night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible the drink was actually invented in 1940 or so at a pub called the Dolphin in Dublin,” said Felten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is based on an account from a Harvard professor of Irish Studies, and on the argument that the cream and sugar were more reasonably added to disguise the taste of coffee during World War II than to warm up passengers one night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However it started, the drink likely spread quickly to the airport (or it’s even possible that Sheridan had the drink, or a similar one, while living nearby in Dublin and drew his inspiration from it). Ultimately, though, it was from the airport that Irish coffee went out into the wider world, as travelers like Delaplane brought back word of a special kind of coffee mixed with whiskey, sugar and cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other hiccup in the Buena Vista’s tale, though, is that Delaplane isn’t the only traveler who brought word back to the U.S. There’s historical evidence that Irish coffee made its appearance in New York four years before that fateful night at the Buena Vista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628139\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11628139\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-800x1070.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"669\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-800x1070.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-160x214.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-240x321.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-375x502.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-520x696.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM.png 894w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad in the Chronicle in 1956 for the Buena Vista’s Irish coffee. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The first instance I can find of the Irish coffee coming to the U.S. is the food critic for the New York Herald Tribune, named Clementine Paddleford. For her St. Patrick’s Day column in 1948, she talks up the Irish coffee and she gives the recipe. It’s clearly the Irish coffee we know,” said Felten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Felten does note that it wasn’t in New York that the drink really gained popularity or caught on. “It is the case that it’s in San Francisco that the Irish coffee really became a sensation,” he said, “thanks to Stanton Delaplane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And thanks to the heavy marketing by the Buena Vista, like this ad they ran in the 1950s, the drink gained popularity. Felten was also impressed with how the cafe has maintained that recipe over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in San Francisco and went to the Buena Vista to have an Irish coffee, and I was extremely pleased with how good a drink they were making,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1549px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11628172\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1549\" height=\"1350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled.png 1549w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-160x139.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-800x697.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-1020x889.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-1180x1028.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-960x837.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-240x209.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-375x327.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-520x453.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1549px) 100vw, 1549px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Question-asker Sara Russell with her Irish coffee and her bartender at the Buena Vista. \u003ccite>(Kelly O'Mara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Cheers!\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A confession: Our Bay Curious host, Olivia, had never had an Irish coffee before she was enlisted to drink many of them — for the sake of investigative reporting. She’s now a convert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing,” she said, after sipping her first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Creamy, yummy, silky, good,” agreed Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what did our question-asker think about the nearly true story of its origins? “I think it tastes great and it doesn’t matter what the story is. I was just curious,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheers to that!\u003cbr>\n____\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Make your own Irish coffee with this recipe:\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003col class=\"expanded\">\n\u003cli>Fill glass with hot water to heat it up, then dump out the water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drop in two cocktail sugar cubes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pour hot coffee over the sugar cubes, to fill about 3/4 of the glass.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stir until the sugar is dissolved and mixed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add Irish whiskey with a bit of room left in the glass.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spoon heavy, cold cream on top.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Sara Russell was a kid, her mom would bring her to \u003ca href=\"http://www.thebuenavista.com/home/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Buena Vista Cafe\u003c/a> across from Aquatic Park and regale her with stories of the bar’s history and its famous Irish coffees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Her and her friends would take the Hyde Street cable car, because back then [in the 1960s] it was a local thing, and she’d come here and get an Irish coffee,” said Russell. The small bar was a glamorous place filled with true stories and tall tales. As an adult, Russell has come back here on dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I was always told that the Irish coffee was invented here, in this place, in San Francisco,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she wants to know if that story is totally accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was Irish coffee invented in San Francisco?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a regular day, the Buena Vista serves around 2,000 Irish coffees—up to 2,500 on a busy weekend day, said Lea Hausherr, who has been a waitress there for 14 years and is the informal historian of the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we watched, the bartender lined up hot glasses all the way down the bar, filling each with hot water. After pouring the water out, he replaced it with two sugar cubes and topped that with hot coffee, which the bar goes through so quickly that it always stays fresh. Then the bartender stirred up every glass, “like Bob Marley,” he added. As he stirred, he splashed a little bit of the drinks out here and there, to make sure each cup looked the same all down the bar. Irish whiskey, always Tullamore Dew, was next and then cold heavy cream spooned on top.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nAnd there you have it: the famous Irish coffee, reportedly invented right here in this bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628105\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11628105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-1180x786.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/0M6A0113_preview-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The coffee is poured over sugar cubes in a line of glasses. \u003ccite>(Kelly O'Mara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Russell, Bay Curious host Olivia Allen-Price and I all sipped our Irish coffees, Hausherr told us the legendary tale of the drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not originated in San Francisco. But it was introduced first in San Francisco to America,” she said, right here at the Buena Vista 65 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Myth, The Man, The Story\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“It was 1952, it was a dark and stormy night, Nov. 10 to be exact,” said Hausherr. “The owner of the Buena Vista at the time, his name was Jack Koeppler, he was behind the bar.” Sitting at the bar was the popular San Francisco Chronicle travel writer of the time, Stanton Delaplane, who had written many columns about this amazing drink he’d had at the Foynes airport in Ireland: Gaelic coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click on the images to read Delaplane’s “Postcards from Shannon” in the Chronicle.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4174223-dela07081954-71506BCCF710EBA11-15062D6742A5E3F0.html\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11628126\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM.png 698w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM-160x248.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM-240x373.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM-375x582.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.55-PM-520x808.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That night, the two of them set about trying to replicate the drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tried it, they tried different glasses, they tried different whiskeys, they tried everything they could think of,” said Hausherr, “but the cream kept falling down to the bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Koeppler became so obsessed with perfecting the Irish coffee that he even flew to the original source: the Foynes Flying Boat terminal, which later closed and was replaced by the nearby Shannon airport. It was at the Foynes terminal that cook Joe Sheridan reportedly invented the drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings us to the other half of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4174222-Dela-03171954-5068FC0214862A1-15062D936DAFB5EC.html\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11628144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM.png 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM-160x230.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM-240x345.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM-375x539.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.18.38-PM-520x747.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.flyingboatmuseum.com/irish-coffee-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Foynes Flying Boat Museum\u003c/a> and the story Hausherr passed on, the drink was invented on another dark and stormy night a decade earlier in 1943. A Pan Am flight headed to New York was forced to turn back in the bad weather. When it pulled into the Foynes terminal, the cold and tired passengers disembarked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wanted to warm up the Yanks,” said Hausherr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheridan was a cook at the time, and whipped up the perfect drink to keep the Yanks warm and awake: coffee with Irish whiskey and a little extra sugar and cream for the American palate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is this, asked one of the passengers, Brazilian coffee? No, he said, it’s Irish coffee!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Sheridan who Buena Vista owner, Jack Koeppler, visited 10 years later looking for help making his own authentic version to bring to San Francisco. Sheridan aided the project and even came over to San Francisco, though it’s unclear if he worked at the Buena Vista. Either way, Sheridan stuck around, and when he died, he was buried in Oakland.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/QOSC5JunFpc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/QOSC5JunFpc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The final recipe Koeppler settled on used aged cream from the San Francisco mayor at the time, who also ran a dairy. To fluff up the cream and help it float, Koeppler added more sugar and a healthy dose of heavy whipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now have what they came up with in 1952. It’s been the exact same recipe all this time,” said Hausherr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or so the story goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Another Take\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“That’s the most widely accepted version,” said Eric Felten, author of “How’s Your Drink?” and a former drink columnist for the Wall Street Journal. But Felten has two problems with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Felten is not sure that Joe Sheridan really invented the drink to warm up passengers at an airport one night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible the drink was actually invented in 1940 or so at a pub called the Dolphin in Dublin,” said Felten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is based on an account from a Harvard professor of Irish Studies, and on the argument that the cream and sugar were more reasonably added to disguise the taste of coffee during World War II than to warm up passengers one night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However it started, the drink likely spread quickly to the airport (or it’s even possible that Sheridan had the drink, or a similar one, while living nearby in Dublin and drew his inspiration from it). Ultimately, though, it was from the airport that Irish coffee went out into the wider world, as travelers like Delaplane brought back word of a special kind of coffee mixed with whiskey, sugar and cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other hiccup in the Buena Vista’s tale, though, is that Delaplane isn’t the only traveler who brought word back to the U.S. There’s historical evidence that Irish coffee made its appearance in New York four years before that fateful night at the Buena Vista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628139\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11628139\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-800x1070.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"669\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-800x1070.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-160x214.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-240x321.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-375x502.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM-520x696.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-4.27.48-PM.png 894w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad in the Chronicle in 1956 for the Buena Vista’s Irish coffee. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The first instance I can find of the Irish coffee coming to the U.S. is the food critic for the New York Herald Tribune, named Clementine Paddleford. For her St. Patrick’s Day column in 1948, she talks up the Irish coffee and she gives the recipe. It’s clearly the Irish coffee we know,” said Felten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Felten does note that it wasn’t in New York that the drink really gained popularity or caught on. “It is the case that it’s in San Francisco that the Irish coffee really became a sensation,” he said, “thanks to Stanton Delaplane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And thanks to the heavy marketing by the Buena Vista, like this ad they ran in the 1950s, the drink gained popularity. Felten was also impressed with how the cafe has maintained that recipe over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in San Francisco and went to the Buena Vista to have an Irish coffee, and I was extremely pleased with how good a drink they were making,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1549px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11628172\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1549\" height=\"1350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled.png 1549w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-160x139.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-800x697.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-1020x889.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-1180x1028.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-960x837.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-240x209.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-375x327.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Untitled-520x453.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1549px) 100vw, 1549px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Question-asker Sara Russell with her Irish coffee and her bartender at the Buena Vista. \u003ccite>(Kelly O'Mara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Cheers!\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A confession: Our Bay Curious host, Olivia, had never had an Irish coffee before she was enlisted to drink many of them — for the sake of investigative reporting. She’s now a convert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing,” she said, after sipping her first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Creamy, yummy, silky, good,” agreed Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what did our question-asker think about the nearly true story of its origins? “I think it tastes great and it doesn’t matter what the story is. I was just curious,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheers to that!\u003cbr>\n____\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Make your own Irish coffee with this recipe:\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003col class=\"expanded\">\n\u003cli>Fill glass with hot water to heat it up, then dump out the water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drop in two cocktail sugar cubes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pour hot coffee over the sugar cubes, to fill about 3/4 of the glass.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stir until the sugar is dissolved and mixed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add Irish whiskey with a bit of room left in the glass.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spoon heavy, cold cream on top.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>This Week in California Politics\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coronavirus case counts are dropping and new vaccination centers are opening. Meanwhile, whether California schools will reopen across California remains in limbo. We chew on the week’s political headlines with KQED’s politics and government desk senior editor Scott Shafer and reporter Katie Orr.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Prison COVID-19 Report\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s been a year since the coronavirus began its deadly march across California. While the virus has affected people from all demographics, among the hardest hit are those who live in group settings like nursing homes and prisons. Reporter Monica Lam takes a look at the impact of COVID-19 on incarcerated people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Michael Krasny Retires After 28 Years With KQED Forum\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bay Area broadcast veteran Michael Krasny, beloved by many at KQED and across California, is retiring after 28 years of hosting the station’s flagship call-in talk show, Forum. He joins us after his last morning of hosting Forum to talk about his childhood, key moments in his career and even cracks a couple jokes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: Blackie’s Pasture\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week’s Something Beautiful was suggested by Michael Krasny, who told us that one of his favorite places is Blackie’s Pasture in Tiburon, a serene field featuring a statue of a much-loved horse that once lived there. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Students and faculty across San Francisco Unified School District rallied outside Lowell High School on Friday in response to Lowell students posting racist and pornographic messages on a schoolwide digital platform, Padlet, during a virtual lesson on anti-racism. [aside postID=\"news_11858202\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Black Student Union organized the rally and press conference in an effort to hold the administration accountable for the most recent events, which they said was one moment in a long history of systemic racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11859101\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11859101\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Lowell Black Student Union co-president Shavonne Hines-Foster speaks during a rally held at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, to address recent racist incidents at the school.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lowell Black Student Union co-president Shavonne Hines-Foster speaks during a rally held at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, to address recent racist incidents at the school. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are here today to not only denounce the attacks made on our Black and Jewish communities two weeks ago, but also to denounce Lowell High School’s long-standing history of upholding the effects of systemic racism,” said student body Secretary Viviana Ojeda. “The Lowell administration efforts have been largely performative, to say the least.” [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kathya Correa Almanza, student\"]‘When these walls opened in the 1800s they were only open for white students. Now, those same doors exist except they call it an admissions policy.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the racist and pornographic messages bombarded the virtual classroom in late January, Lowell administrators initially wrote an email to parents and students saying that the lesson had been hacked – but in a later statement changed course, saying it was “highly likely” the posts were made by a student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Tsia Blacksher, then BSU co-president, led a walkout in protest of similar racist attacks. “These countless stories of racism we have heard from students and alumni have dated decades back. And it’s about time we demand change now,” said student speaker Agnes Liang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11859102\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11859102\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Student delegate Kathya Correa Almanza speaks during a rally at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, against recent racist incidents at the school.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Student delegate Kathya Correa Almanza speaks during a rally at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021 against recent racist incidents at the school. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CJ Lu Sing, a fellow Lowell student in the Multicultural Club said that despite BSU’s efforts and demands in 2016, “there has been minimal progress fulfilled with promises made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BSU members also voiced support for a plan to eliminate the current admissions process, which is based on grades and test scores — in favor of a lottery system. The school board will vote Tuesday on the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“History is not a thing of the past. It’s something that lives among us,” said student Kathya Correa Almanza, “Waiting for someone with courage to call it out. When these walls opened in the 1800s they were only open for white students. Now, those same doors exist, except they call it an admissions policy.” Correa-Almanza highlighted the lack of representation for Black students. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/sites/default/files/2021-01/sarc2020-Lowell%20HS-697_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">At Lowell\u003c/a> there are close to 3,000 students, made up of 2% Black student (districtwide there are 8% Black students), 11% Hispanic/Latino, 18% white and 50% Asian.[aside tag=\"education\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With roughly 100 students, teachers and alumni in the crowd, Shavonne Hines-Foster, Lowell High School senior and BSU leader, pointed out that only one administrator came out to the press conference, but quickly left in the middle of the event. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes when we hold these events talking about race they [the administration] don’t show up,” Hines-Foster said. “Or if they do show up they’re quietly in the back which doesn’t show active engagement in dealing with this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our children are hurting. And as their parents we are, too,” said one member of the SFUSD African American Parent Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Chevron Gave More Than $1 Million to Lawmakers Who Voted to Overturn the Presidential Election",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Feb. 5, 2021\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 14 years, Chevron has donated more than a million dollars to Republican members of Congress who voted to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election, according to an analysis of federal campaign finance data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The KQED-commissioned analysis, by \u003ca href=\"https://maplight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MapLight\u003c/a>, looked into political contributions the San Ramon-based oil giant, its employees and its political action committee made between 2007 and 2020 to any of the 147 Republican U.S. senators and representatives who objected to the Electoral College count on Jan. 6 to certify Joe Biden's presidential election. On the same day, far-right, mainly white supporters of former President Trump, violently attacked and invaded the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Berkeley-based nonpartisan group, which tracks the influence of money in politics, found that Chevron, its workers and its PAC donated over $1.1 million to 97 of those GOP legislators during that time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron's political donations belie a philosophy that there's nothing wrong with the status quo of the oil industry — and that petroleum is the future of American energy,\" said Paasha Mahdavi, an assistant professor of political science at UC Santa Barbara, who specializes in energy and environmental politics, and examined Maplight's data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Paasha Mahdavi, assistant professor of political science at U.C. Santa Barbara\"]'That these same congressional leaders tacitly supported an insurrection is seemingly irrelevant to Chevron.'[/pullquote]\"That these same congressional leaders tacitly supported an insurrection is seemingly irrelevant to Chevron,\" Mahdavi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maplight's figures do not include contributions Chevron has made to industry groups like the American Petroleum Institute and Western States Petroleum Association, which lobby for the interests of the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its analysis found that some of the company's largest donation totals to members of Congress in the last 15 years went to some of Trump's strongest allies, including two of his closest California supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron gave $106,000 to House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Bakersfield, who hails from Kern County, home to a network of Chevron oil drilling sites, and $58,000 to Rep. Devin Nunes, R-Visalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not surprising to see a large oil company donating to Republicans, many of whom have brushed off climate change and advocated for the petroleum industry, but Chevron is in a league of its own compared to other major oil producers, according to Mahdavi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron carries the most anti-climate rhetoric and public-facing platform when it comes to domestic environmental policies\" Mahdavi said. \"The company has routinely denied the core tenets of climate science and rejects the notion of a future without fossil fuels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement to KQED following the publication of this story, Chevron representative Sean Comey claimed that characterization is inaccurate, saying, \"Chevron believes the future of energy is lower carbon. We are working to help achieve that goal by reducing our carbon intensity, increasing renewables and offsets, and investing in low-carbon technologies. We recognize the findings of the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that the use of fossil fuels contributes to increases in global temperatures. We support the Paris Agreement and well-designed climate change and energy policy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, executives for several large U.S. corporations have said they would either halt or review political donations to lawmakers who voted to overturn the election after the violent mob attacked the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an earlier statement, Comey said the company is looking into the issue:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We continue our practice of regularly reviewing our policies, procedures and expenditures for political activities, including political contributions,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recent events will be part of our review process. Chevron supports political candidates that take positions on a range of topics,\" Comey said. \"We are not always aligned with all their views, but it is important for us to be part of discussions on important issues, including respect for the rule of law and well-designed climate change and energy policy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahdavi says that if Chevron does not change its political donations, it would send a clear message to members of Congress, that \"we [Chevron] don't care what you stand for as long as you support unabated oil and gas development with little concern to climate change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the political tides in Washington are changing. Several days ago President Biden\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/president-biden-takes-office/2021/01/27/960941799/biden-to-pause-oil-and-gas-leasing-on-public-lands-and-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> signed an executive order\u003c/a> to start halting new oil and gas leasing on federal lands and waters. That effort to slow the nation's contribution to climate change is bound to face opposition from Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The international energy corporation — one of the largest companies in the country with close to 50,000 employees — says it gave $15 million to political candidates and state ballot measure campaigns in the United States and Australia in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our objective is to support political candidates, organizations and measures that aligned with Chevron's business interests,\" the company says on its \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/sustainability/governance/political-contributions#politicalcontributions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">website\u003c/a>. [aside tag=\"chevron, environment\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]Chevron says those interests include support for \"responsible development of oil and natural gas resources, reasonable regulatory regimes, economic development, free enterprise, market based solutions (and) good governance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from its hundreds of gas stations, Chevron is known in California for running two of of the state's largest refineries, in Richmond and El Segundo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Richmond facility has become notorious among environmentalists and some of its neighbors in recent years for having more flaring incidents than any other Bay Area refinery and then \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852923/slap-on-the-wrist-chevron-settles-multiple-refinery-violations-including-one-that-sent-odor-to-sf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">paying little in fines\u003c/a> for violating air quality regulations. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/plans-and-climate/emission-tracking-and-monitoring/flare-minimization-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flaring\u003c/a> is often used to relieve high pressure when refinery units malfunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has a network of oil drilling facilities in Central California. In recent years it's come under scrutiny from state regulators and increased criticism from environmentalists and lawmakers for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11770259/environmentalists-blast-chevron-state-regulators-over-kern-county-oil-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series of large oil spills\u003c/a> in Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has significant operations in the rest of the country as well, with crude oil and natural gas production in the Gulf of Mexico, Pennsylvania and Texas, and additional refineries in Utah, Mississippi and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also has operations in two dozen countries and says each year it produces enough oil to fuel 10 million cars and enough natural gas to light 12 million households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Chevron \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/investors/press-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> a loss of $665 million in its fourth quarter, showing how the pandemic has hurt the oil industry's bottom line. The Wall Street Journal recently reported that the top executives at Chevron and Exxon Mobil had spoken last year about a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/exxon-chevron-ceos-discussed-merger-11612126203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">potential merger\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to reflect a an additional statement from Chevron on its climate policies.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Feb. 5, 2021\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 14 years, Chevron has donated more than a million dollars to Republican members of Congress who voted to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election, according to an analysis of federal campaign finance data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The KQED-commissioned analysis, by \u003ca href=\"https://maplight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MapLight\u003c/a>, looked into political contributions the San Ramon-based oil giant, its employees and its political action committee made between 2007 and 2020 to any of the 147 Republican U.S. senators and representatives who objected to the Electoral College count on Jan. 6 to certify Joe Biden's presidential election. On the same day, far-right, mainly white supporters of former President Trump, violently attacked and invaded the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Berkeley-based nonpartisan group, which tracks the influence of money in politics, found that Chevron, its workers and its PAC donated over $1.1 million to 97 of those GOP legislators during that time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron's political donations belie a philosophy that there's nothing wrong with the status quo of the oil industry — and that petroleum is the future of American energy,\" said Paasha Mahdavi, an assistant professor of political science at UC Santa Barbara, who specializes in energy and environmental politics, and examined Maplight's data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"That these same congressional leaders tacitly supported an insurrection is seemingly irrelevant to Chevron,\" Mahdavi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maplight's figures do not include contributions Chevron has made to industry groups like the American Petroleum Institute and Western States Petroleum Association, which lobby for the interests of the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its analysis found that some of the company's largest donation totals to members of Congress in the last 15 years went to some of Trump's strongest allies, including two of his closest California supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron gave $106,000 to House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Bakersfield, who hails from Kern County, home to a network of Chevron oil drilling sites, and $58,000 to Rep. Devin Nunes, R-Visalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not surprising to see a large oil company donating to Republicans, many of whom have brushed off climate change and advocated for the petroleum industry, but Chevron is in a league of its own compared to other major oil producers, according to Mahdavi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron carries the most anti-climate rhetoric and public-facing platform when it comes to domestic environmental policies\" Mahdavi said. \"The company has routinely denied the core tenets of climate science and rejects the notion of a future without fossil fuels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement to KQED following the publication of this story, Chevron representative Sean Comey claimed that characterization is inaccurate, saying, \"Chevron believes the future of energy is lower carbon. We are working to help achieve that goal by reducing our carbon intensity, increasing renewables and offsets, and investing in low-carbon technologies. We recognize the findings of the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that the use of fossil fuels contributes to increases in global temperatures. We support the Paris Agreement and well-designed climate change and energy policy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, executives for several large U.S. corporations have said they would either halt or review political donations to lawmakers who voted to overturn the election after the violent mob attacked the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an earlier statement, Comey said the company is looking into the issue:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We continue our practice of regularly reviewing our policies, procedures and expenditures for political activities, including political contributions,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recent events will be part of our review process. Chevron supports political candidates that take positions on a range of topics,\" Comey said. \"We are not always aligned with all their views, but it is important for us to be part of discussions on important issues, including respect for the rule of law and well-designed climate change and energy policy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahdavi says that if Chevron does not change its political donations, it would send a clear message to members of Congress, that \"we [Chevron] don't care what you stand for as long as you support unabated oil and gas development with little concern to climate change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the political tides in Washington are changing. Several days ago President Biden\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/president-biden-takes-office/2021/01/27/960941799/biden-to-pause-oil-and-gas-leasing-on-public-lands-and-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> signed an executive order\u003c/a> to start halting new oil and gas leasing on federal lands and waters. That effort to slow the nation's contribution to climate change is bound to face opposition from Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The international energy corporation — one of the largest companies in the country with close to 50,000 employees — says it gave $15 million to political candidates and state ballot measure campaigns in the United States and Australia in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our objective is to support political candidates, organizations and measures that aligned with Chevron's business interests,\" the company says on its \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/sustainability/governance/political-contributions#politicalcontributions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">website\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Chevron says those interests include support for \"responsible development of oil and natural gas resources, reasonable regulatory regimes, economic development, free enterprise, market based solutions (and) good governance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from its hundreds of gas stations, Chevron is known in California for running two of of the state's largest refineries, in Richmond and El Segundo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Richmond facility has become notorious among environmentalists and some of its neighbors in recent years for having more flaring incidents than any other Bay Area refinery and then \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852923/slap-on-the-wrist-chevron-settles-multiple-refinery-violations-including-one-that-sent-odor-to-sf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">paying little in fines\u003c/a> for violating air quality regulations. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/plans-and-climate/emission-tracking-and-monitoring/flare-minimization-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flaring\u003c/a> is often used to relieve high pressure when refinery units malfunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has a network of oil drilling facilities in Central California. In recent years it's come under scrutiny from state regulators and increased criticism from environmentalists and lawmakers for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11770259/environmentalists-blast-chevron-state-regulators-over-kern-county-oil-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series of large oil spills\u003c/a> in Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has significant operations in the rest of the country as well, with crude oil and natural gas production in the Gulf of Mexico, Pennsylvania and Texas, and additional refineries in Utah, Mississippi and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also has operations in two dozen countries and says each year it produces enough oil to fuel 10 million cars and enough natural gas to light 12 million households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Chevron \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/investors/press-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> a loss of $665 million in its fourth quarter, showing how the pandemic has hurt the oil industry's bottom line. The Wall Street Journal recently reported that the top executives at Chevron and Exxon Mobil had spoken last year about a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/exxon-chevron-ceos-discussed-merger-11612126203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">potential merger\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to reflect a an additional statement from Chevron on its climate policies.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>This Week in California Politics\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We talk through the week’s biggest political stories: the governor’s sudden lifting of statewide stay-at-home orders amid a growing movement to recall him, newly confirmed Secretary of State Shirley Weber, newly appointed U.S. Sen. Alex Padilla and the decision by the San Francisco Board of Education to rename 44 schools in the name of social justice — even though most schools remain shuttered.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Joe Garofoli, San Francisco Chronicle senior political writer \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marisa Lagos, KQED politics and government correspondent\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Climate Change and Lake Tahoe\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lake Tahoe received several feet of snowfall this week, but a conference of climate change experts who gathered for the Operation Sierra Snowstorm Conference have a dire long-term prediction. At the current rate of warming, they say, many ski resorts will be seeing rain instead of snow at elevations of 5,000, 6,000 or even 7,000 feet in the decades to come.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dorian Fougères, California Tahoe Conservancy acting deputy director\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daniel Swain, UCLA \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Institute of the Environment and Sustainability \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">climate scientist\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: California Coastline\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s coastline winds for more than 3,000 miles along the western edge of the United States. Videographer Jim McKee captured just a portion of its splendor in this week’s look at something beautiful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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