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"content": "\u003cp>Immigrants held in U.S. detention facilities sued Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on Monday, decrying what they called shoddy medical care and a failure by authorities to provide accommodations for disabled people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]ICE said comprehensive medical care is provided to all detainees including dental and 24-hour emergency care.[/pullquote]In the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/hFcdCxklQwf139JoigWum5?domain=icm-tracking.meltwater.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suit\u003c/a> filed by disability and civil rights advocates in U.S. District Court, immigrants said they’re placed in isolation as punishment and denied recommended medical treatment and surgery. Some said they’ve been denied wheelchairs, and a deaf detainee who communicates in American Sign Language said he has not been provided an interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems harm disabled immigrants and threaten anyone in one of ICE’s more than 50,000 detention beds who winds up getting sick or isolated from other detainees, said Monica Porter, staff attorney at Disability Rights Advocates, one of the organizations that filed the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE cannot simply contract with third parties to operate its detention centers and then wash its hands of the deplorable, unlawful conditions in those detention centers,” said Tim Fox, co-executive director of the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Patricia Delgadillo said of her son, Luis Manuel Delgadillo, a detainee at Adelanto']‘My husband and I suffer with him, and we just want him to be safe.’[/pullquote]ICE, which largely contracts with private companies and law enforcement agencies for detention space, declined to comment about the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An agency official said comprehensive medical care is provided to all detainees including dental and 24-hour emergency care, and studies have shown about 1% of detainees are held in segregated housing at a given time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed on behalf of nonprofits and 15 immigrants from countries including Sudan and Mexico, seeks to represent immigrant detainees across the country. The suit cites problems at eight facilities including a privately-run center in Adelanto, California, and Teller County Jail in Colorado.The Department of Homeland, which is also being sued, didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates said they want to see changes in medical treatment and policies for the immigrants, who are fighting deportation, and the release of immigrants under alternative programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of immigrants in detention has grown in recent years. There are currently about 55,500 immigrants in detention on any given day, according to ICE. That’s a 20% increase from June 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='adelanto' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the plaintiffs, Faour Abdullah Fraihat, has been detained in Adelanto for more than two years and lost vision in his left eye. While an off-site doctor recommended surgery in April, immigration authorities didn’t provide it and he was told last month his vision couldn’t be restored, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fraihat, 57, who has back and knee pain, said he was given a wheelchair but it was taken away after a month. For more than a year, he relied on officers to bring him food, the suit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he fears returning to Jordan because he was threatened after converting to Christianity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another detainee at the facility about 60 miles northeast of Los Angeles said he was placed in segregation for a week after filing a grievance against an officer, the suit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luis Manuel Delgadillo, a 29-year-old who has lived most of his life in the United States, was on medication for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder but his treatment shifted after he was detained in May. Since then, his mental health has suffered, prompting him to miss two court dates, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like any parents, my husband and I suffer with him, and we just want him to be safe,” his mother, Patricia Delgadillo, said in a statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s Farida Jhabvala Romero contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/hFcdCxklQwf139JoigWum5?domain=icm-tracking.meltwater.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suit\u003c/a> filed by disability and civil rights advocates in U.S. District Court, immigrants said they’re placed in isolation as punishment and denied recommended medical treatment and surgery. Some said they’ve been denied wheelchairs, and a deaf detainee who communicates in American Sign Language said he has not been provided an interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems harm disabled immigrants and threaten anyone in one of ICE’s more than 50,000 detention beds who winds up getting sick or isolated from other detainees, said Monica Porter, staff attorney at Disability Rights Advocates, one of the organizations that filed the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE cannot simply contract with third parties to operate its detention centers and then wash its hands of the deplorable, unlawful conditions in those detention centers,” said Tim Fox, co-executive director of the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed on behalf of nonprofits and 15 immigrants from countries including Sudan and Mexico, seeks to represent immigrant detainees across the country. The suit cites problems at eight facilities including a privately-run center in Adelanto, California, and Teller County Jail in Colorado.The Department of Homeland, which is also being sued, didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates said they want to see changes in medical treatment and policies for the immigrants, who are fighting deportation, and the release of immigrants under alternative programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of immigrants in detention has grown in recent years. There are currently about 55,500 immigrants in detention on any given day, according to ICE. That’s a 20% increase from June 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the plaintiffs, Faour Abdullah Fraihat, has been detained in Adelanto for more than two years and lost vision in his left eye. While an off-site doctor recommended surgery in April, immigration authorities didn’t provide it and he was told last month his vision couldn’t be restored, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fraihat, 57, who has back and knee pain, said he was given a wheelchair but it was taken away after a month. For more than a year, he relied on officers to bring him food, the suit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he fears returning to Jordan because he was threatened after converting to Christianity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another detainee at the facility about 60 miles northeast of Los Angeles said he was placed in segregation for a week after filing a grievance against an officer, the suit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luis Manuel Delgadillo, a 29-year-old who has lived most of his life in the United States, was on medication for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder but his treatment shifted after he was detained in May. Since then, his mental health has suffered, prompting him to miss two court dates, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like any parents, my husband and I suffer with him, and we just want him to be safe,” his mother, Patricia Delgadillo, said in a statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s Farida Jhabvala Romero contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Diabetics skipping regular checkups. Young asthmatics not getting preventive care. A surge in expensive emergency room visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors and public health experts warn of poor health and rising costs they say will come from sweeping Trump administration changes that would deny green cards to many immigrants who use Medicaid, as well as food stamps and other forms of public assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates say they’re already seeing the fallout even before the complex 837-page rule takes effect in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump’s administration trumpeted its aggressive \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/f440cbe61eb642c99f4d9a47e437c526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approach\u003c/a> this past week as a way to keep only self-sufficient immigrants in the country, but health experts argue it could force potentially millions of low-income migrants to choose between needed services and their bid to stay legally in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are going to be sicker. They’re not going to go get health care, or not until they have to go to an emergency room,” said Lisa David, president and CEO of Public Health Solutions, New York’s largest public health organization. “It’s going to cost the system a lot of money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants who want permanent legal status, commonly called a green card, have long been required to prove they won’t be “a public charge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration announced Monday that would redefine the term to mean those who are “more likely than not” to receive public benefits over a certain period. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services will also now consider other factors, including income, education and English proficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see people coming to this country who are self-sufficient,” said Ken Cuccinelli, the agency’s acting director. “That’s a core principle of the American dream. It’s deeply embedded in our history, and particularly our history related to legal immigration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/21e2d0d8ebad45d5932f400184a566fd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two\u003c/a> California counties and attorneys general in 13 states sued, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/a185c08acfd84c548e8a679f57b07305\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">saying\u003c/a> the changes will increase public health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are signs that is already happening in cities including Chicago, Detroit and New York, immigrant advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within hours of the announcement, a Minnesota immigration attorney said she received a flurry of calls from worried clients about whether to leave Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Detroit nonprofit helping Latinos and immigrants with social services said its usually jam-packed lobby was empty the day after the rules were unveiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York’s largest public health organization, Public Health Solutions, which serves a large immigrant population, reported a 20% drop in food stamps enrollment since the rule was first proposed in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is precedent for such a chilling effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 1996 welfare and immigration changes that limited public assistance for some immigrants, the use of benefits dropped steeply among U.S. citizen children and refugees, groups who were still eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies based on data following that change showed people disenrolled from Medicaid at rates ranging from 15% to 35%, according to Harvard University’s François-Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights. And, it found, this came at a high cost: Asthma-related school absences in 1996 led to $719 million in lost parental productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federico Mason, who emigrated from Mexico over two decades ago, said he is worried about the new criteria because he is low-income and doesn’t speak English well. The Chicago resident said he has no immediate plans to remove his 8- and 15-year-old sons, who are U.S. citizens, from Medicaid, but the new rule has made him more fearful about providing for his family and about applying for a green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If one day I want to adjust my status, it will be more difficult because of these unfair policies that continue to discriminate against me,” he said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, non-citizen low-income immigrants use public benefits at a much \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/460423ab286a4014bfe458a6989cc3f9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lower rate\u003c/a> than low-income U.S.-born citizens, but there’s the possibility that millions of people could drop benefits out of fear or confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estimates vary. It could be as high as 24 million people, according to the nonpartisan Fiscal Policy Institute, which includes in its count anyone in a family that has received food, health or housing support and where at least one person is a non-citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Deanna Behrens, a pediatric critical-care physician in suburban Chicago who wrote public testimony opposing the rule change, said children are the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said non-citizen parents might hesitate to apply for their children who are U.S. citizens, mistakenly fearing that if their children get benefits it will destroy their own chances of getting a green card and tear their families apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will lead to people being unable to afford care for chronic diseases like asthma and diabetes, as well as preventative measures. Instead, they’ll rely on far more costly emergency rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has forced the immigrant families into an impossible choice,” Behrens said. Roughly 544,000 people apply for green cards annually, with about 382,000 falling into categories that would be subject to the new review, according to the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esperanza Health Centers, which runs four Chicago-based clinics that serve low-income and largely immigrant populations, has seen an increase in the number of uninsured children. Since a draft of the new rule was released in the fall, the clinics report having 600 children without insurance, including those who have disenrolled from Medicaid. Typically, it’s about 200, according to Jessica Boland, director of behavioral health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re condemning people to having a much more unhealthy lifestyles because we believe that there is something awful about their request for what we think for most people is a right and not a privilege: health care,” said Dr. Kenneth Davis, president and CEO of Mount Sinai Health System, which covers eight hospitals in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a dozen major patient groups, including the March of Dimes and the American Heart Association, have written fierce opposition to the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is personal for Dr. Jasmine Saavedra, a pediatrician who works at an Esperanza clinic in a heavily Latino Chicago neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is convinced that if new Trump administration criteria were in effect for her parents three decades ago, she would have had a far different future. Her parents emigrated from Mexico in the 1980s unable to speak English and with little education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While working low-wage jobs, they relied on food stamps for a short time to get by. Her mother later quit public assistance because of the stigma, but Saavedra said there were days when her mother wouldn’t eat so her children could. She believes that helped her become a doctor and her two sisters become an accountant and a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe when certain people think about immigrant families, they do think of it as a burden on this country, the way people would tell my mom she was when she was receiving assistance,” Saavedra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But my parents, with no education, not speaking this language, being impoverished with a little bit assistance when they could, got us out and they have three successful daughters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press video journalist Mike Householder in Detroit contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Diabetics skipping regular checkups. Young asthmatics not getting preventive care. A surge in expensive emergency room visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors and public health experts warn of poor health and rising costs they say will come from sweeping Trump administration changes that would deny green cards to many immigrants who use Medicaid, as well as food stamps and other forms of public assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates say they’re already seeing the fallout even before the complex 837-page rule takes effect in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump’s administration trumpeted its aggressive \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/f440cbe61eb642c99f4d9a47e437c526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approach\u003c/a> this past week as a way to keep only self-sufficient immigrants in the country, but health experts argue it could force potentially millions of low-income migrants to choose between needed services and their bid to stay legally in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are going to be sicker. They’re not going to go get health care, or not until they have to go to an emergency room,” said Lisa David, president and CEO of Public Health Solutions, New York’s largest public health organization. “It’s going to cost the system a lot of money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants who want permanent legal status, commonly called a green card, have long been required to prove they won’t be “a public charge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration announced Monday that would redefine the term to mean those who are “more likely than not” to receive public benefits over a certain period. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services will also now consider other factors, including income, education and English proficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see people coming to this country who are self-sufficient,” said Ken Cuccinelli, the agency’s acting director. “That’s a core principle of the American dream. It’s deeply embedded in our history, and particularly our history related to legal immigration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/21e2d0d8ebad45d5932f400184a566fd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two\u003c/a> California counties and attorneys general in 13 states sued, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/a185c08acfd84c548e8a679f57b07305\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">saying\u003c/a> the changes will increase public health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are signs that is already happening in cities including Chicago, Detroit and New York, immigrant advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within hours of the announcement, a Minnesota immigration attorney said she received a flurry of calls from worried clients about whether to leave Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Detroit nonprofit helping Latinos and immigrants with social services said its usually jam-packed lobby was empty the day after the rules were unveiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York’s largest public health organization, Public Health Solutions, which serves a large immigrant population, reported a 20% drop in food stamps enrollment since the rule was first proposed in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is precedent for such a chilling effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 1996 welfare and immigration changes that limited public assistance for some immigrants, the use of benefits dropped steeply among U.S. citizen children and refugees, groups who were still eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies based on data following that change showed people disenrolled from Medicaid at rates ranging from 15% to 35%, according to Harvard University’s François-Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights. And, it found, this came at a high cost: Asthma-related school absences in 1996 led to $719 million in lost parental productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federico Mason, who emigrated from Mexico over two decades ago, said he is worried about the new criteria because he is low-income and doesn’t speak English well. The Chicago resident said he has no immediate plans to remove his 8- and 15-year-old sons, who are U.S. citizens, from Medicaid, but the new rule has made him more fearful about providing for his family and about applying for a green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If one day I want to adjust my status, it will be more difficult because of these unfair policies that continue to discriminate against me,” he said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, non-citizen low-income immigrants use public benefits at a much \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/460423ab286a4014bfe458a6989cc3f9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lower rate\u003c/a> than low-income U.S.-born citizens, but there’s the possibility that millions of people could drop benefits out of fear or confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estimates vary. It could be as high as 24 million people, according to the nonpartisan Fiscal Policy Institute, which includes in its count anyone in a family that has received food, health or housing support and where at least one person is a non-citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Deanna Behrens, a pediatric critical-care physician in suburban Chicago who wrote public testimony opposing the rule change, said children are the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said non-citizen parents might hesitate to apply for their children who are U.S. citizens, mistakenly fearing that if their children get benefits it will destroy their own chances of getting a green card and tear their families apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will lead to people being unable to afford care for chronic diseases like asthma and diabetes, as well as preventative measures. Instead, they’ll rely on far more costly emergency rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has forced the immigrant families into an impossible choice,” Behrens said. Roughly 544,000 people apply for green cards annually, with about 382,000 falling into categories that would be subject to the new review, according to the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esperanza Health Centers, which runs four Chicago-based clinics that serve low-income and largely immigrant populations, has seen an increase in the number of uninsured children. Since a draft of the new rule was released in the fall, the clinics report having 600 children without insurance, including those who have disenrolled from Medicaid. Typically, it’s about 200, according to Jessica Boland, director of behavioral health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re condemning people to having a much more unhealthy lifestyles because we believe that there is something awful about their request for what we think for most people is a right and not a privilege: health care,” said Dr. Kenneth Davis, president and CEO of Mount Sinai Health System, which covers eight hospitals in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a dozen major patient groups, including the March of Dimes and the American Heart Association, have written fierce opposition to the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is personal for Dr. Jasmine Saavedra, a pediatrician who works at an Esperanza clinic in a heavily Latino Chicago neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is convinced that if new Trump administration criteria were in effect for her parents three decades ago, she would have had a far different future. Her parents emigrated from Mexico in the 1980s unable to speak English and with little education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While working low-wage jobs, they relied on food stamps for a short time to get by. Her mother later quit public assistance because of the stigma, but Saavedra said there were days when her mother wouldn’t eat so her children could. She believes that helped her become a doctor and her two sisters become an accountant and a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe when certain people think about immigrant families, they do think of it as a burden on this country, the way people would tell my mom she was when she was receiving assistance,” Saavedra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But my parents, with no education, not speaking this language, being impoverished with a little bit assistance when they could, got us out and they have three successful daughters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press video journalist Mike Householder in Detroit contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "My Grandfather, A Killer",
"title": "My Grandfather, A Killer",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>On rare occasions, Dad and I would get together for lunch. It was 2014, and I had just started a job at NPR. Dad was retired and lived 60 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what I remember, we ate dim sum, which meant driving through the heart of downtown Los Angeles, the massive skyscrapers glistening in the afternoon sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was quiet in the car. I was thinking about how Mom and Dad used to make this commute to LA every day for work. Two hours in the morning, two hours at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11767453\" label=\"Bay Area Activist Shot in PI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad interrupted my thoughts, pointing to a building on the side of the freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Did you know that my dad killed somebody in that place?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wait, what?\" I responded, almost missing the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I never met my grandfather, Lolo Vicente, but I'd heard stories about him. On our living room wall, there's a picture of him. He was handsome. Dad said he was strict, but he never talked about him coming to America, much less that he killed someone. When I asked Dad why it had taken him so long to tell me, he said it's because I never asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million thoughts raced through my head. Lolo was in America? Why was Lolo in America? Who did he kill? Did he go to prison?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the main question tugging at me was what this all meant for the story of my family's history in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768295\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0087_custom-c0585b545430b16710a9af0cf79faf63be15644e-e1566155580832.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768295\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0087_custom-c0585b545430b16710a9af0cf79faf63be15644e-e1566155580832.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author's father, Manolo Guerra, stands for a portrait at his home in Moreno Valley, Calif., on Aug. 7. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The murder had suddenly shattered my view of the quintessential immigrant narrative — the story my parents embodied. They both came to the United States from the Philippines in the 1980s looking for a better life. Dad became a citizen; Mom, a green card holder. They worked hard, bought a house in the suburbs and raised three children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandfather had taken a darker path. The fact that this violence was a part of my American story scared me. I hated how it might feed into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/30/upshot/crime-immigration-myth.html?module=inline\">false\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/upshot/illegal-immigration-crime-rates-research.html\">narrative\u003c/a> that immigrants drive up crime rates. The story also enticed me. I needed to find answers to my questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the story of my Lolo — which means \"grandfather\" in Tagalog, a language native to the Philippines. The reason I'm here is because of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768296\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0125_custom-c9645c2e7b06ad2ca7ca309cb317dc0510e8d865-e1566155627245.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768296\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0125_custom-c9645c2e7b06ad2ca7ca309cb317dc0510e8d865-e1566155627245.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1332\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trophies and ribbons won by the Guerra sisters are on display in the garage of their father, Manolo Guerra. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>America's \"Little Brown Brothers\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first found Lolo's mug shot, I thought he looked handsome. He was only 24, with soft features and slick black hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had come to America six years earlier, in 1926. He grew up poor in a small province in the Philippines and was part of a mass migration that, \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/philippines-culture-migration\">by one estimate\u003c/a>, brought 150,000 Filipinos to America between 1907 and 1930. These were mostly single young men who boarded steamships to travel thousands of miles from the Philippines to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, it was relatively easy to immigrate to the U.S. from the Philippines, which in the 1930s was still \u003ca href=\"https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/APA/Historical-Essays/Exclusion-and-Empire/The-Philippines/\">a U.S. territory\u003c/a>. The agricultural sector needed cheap labor, and Filipinos, who were considered noncitizen nationals, fulfilled that role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768297\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0006_custom-1882b5ad05ee6114c851da325a2def1eb5d017ee-e1566155844678.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0006_custom-1882b5ad05ee6114c851da325a2def1eb5d017ee-e1566155844678.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manolo Guerra points himself out in an old family portrait. He's standing in the photo with his father, Vicente Guerra, his mother, Isabel Guerra, and his older brother Greg. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768298\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0103_custom-628870066d5a5490411611fdb6372e0377ff79a8-e1566155896220.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0103_custom-628870066d5a5490411611fdb6372e0377ff79a8-e1566155896220.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1332\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A family photo at the home of Manolo Guerra. The author, Denise Guerra, appears on the far left alongside her sister, mother, father, sister and brother-in-law. Her two nieces appear seated in the front row. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While most of these Filipinos worked in farming, men like my grandfather ended up in cities as low-wage domestic workers. In Los Angeles, he became a \"houseboy.\" Family lore said he cleaned house for actor George Raft, who appeared in the original \u003cem>Scarface\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For newly arrived immigrants like Lolo, life in America was hard, and the reception was not always warm. Filipino men were known as America's \"little brown brothers,\" a phrase coined by William Howard Taft, who before winning the White House in the 1908 election, served as the first American governor-general of the Philippines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"perspectives_201601138926\" label=\"Perspectives: Filipino Pride\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White America's view could be summed up in a 1929 \u003cem>Los Angeles Times \u003c/em>op-ed titled \"The Filipino Invasion.\" The author describes Filipinos as \"good boys, most of them trained on battleships or as houseboys to neatness, cleanliness and quiet courtesy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can only imagine how emasculating this must have felt for Lolo and other young Filipino men. But you wouldn't be able to tell by looking at photographs of them from the time. Outside of work they wore fedoras, \u003ca href=\"https://www.esquiremag.ph/style/fashion/filipino-mens-fashion-a2289-20190401-lfrm6\">pressed zoot suits\u003c/a> and shiny wingtip shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Ocampo, a sociologist at California State Polytechnic University and author of the book \u003cem>The Latinos of Asia: How Filipino Americans Break the Rules of Race, \u003c/em>said dressing like that offered a form of mental self-preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think part of the reason they did that is because having traveled 7,000 miles across the Pacific Ocean, being able to present themselves in that way gave them some sort of dignity,\" Ocampo said. \"That the journey was worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768306\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0320_custom-175badc4bdaff2881b5f935ef6b6505fd46bb2fd-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0320_custom-175badc4bdaff2881b5f935ef6b6505fd46bb2fd-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0320_custom-175badc4bdaff2881b5f935ef6b6505fd46bb2fd-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0320_custom-175badc4bdaff2881b5f935ef6b6505fd46bb2fd-s800-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guerra sits at his home. In the 1980s, Guerra immigrated to the U.S. from the Philippines in search of a better life. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of course, it wasn't strictly about self-preservation, said Ocampo. They also did it to attract women, especially at the local taxi-dance halls, where men could hire women to dance with them. The dance halls gave immigrants an outlet to socialize with one another and spend some of their hard-earned money — typically 10 cents per dance — in hopes of finding some companionship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women were usually white, and given racist attitudes and miscegenation laws, that dynamic would eventually spark violence against the Filipino community by white men enraged over the \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=_yD8ND6gMUsC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false\">influx of migrant laborers in the area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most notorious incident happened in Watsonville, an agricultural community in Northern California. In 1930, a mob of about 500 white men and youth opened fire at a dance hall popular with the local Filipino community where white women were being employed. Over five days, roaming mobs assaulted Filipinos with pistols, clubs and whips. They dragged Filipinos from their homes and beat them. Filipinos were thrown off bridges. One man, Fermin Tobera, 22, was shot to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was out to run the Filipinos out of the country,\" one participant told the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em>. \"We're going to get rid of them, that's what.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Murder \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next year, a woman would again be at the center of violence involving Filipinos. This time, it involved my Lolo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, no one in my family can say for certain what drove my grandfather to murder. But according to an Associated Press report dated Sept. 23, 1931, it all had to do with \"an American girl.\" The headline of the story read, \"Oriental Killed, One Shot in Love Feud.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to my dad, Lolo was in a restaurant bathroom when two men cornered him and slit his neck, leaving Lolo bleeding and facedown on a toilet. Someone found Lolo and was able to get help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad doesn't know what prompted the attack, but he remembers the scar that it left on the back of Lolo's neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his recovery, Lolo went looking for his attackers, and one day, while cruising the streets of a busy downtown corridor, Lolo spotted two men leaving a theater. He told a friend to get the car ready. Lolo had a gun and was set on revenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting took place close to a popular dance hall where Filipinos hung out, near city hall. His victims were John Lopez, shot in the leg, and Joseph Retotar, a Filipino, who died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records for the two men are hard to come by. Based on what I could find, Retotar was about the same age as Lolo. And that love feud? While the article suggests it was over an American, no one in the family can say for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years I agonized. If only I had her name or the details of the others involved, then just maybe I could figure out what really happened. It had to be in the case file. I went to the Los Angeles County Hall of Records to look for it, but when the archivist took the decades-old microfilm out of its box, it fell apart. This mystery woman was now a ghost on decrepit microfilm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768307\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0455_custom-84a3de002f71d533d87bdc201dafbf8875775473-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0455_custom-84a3de002f71d533d87bdc201dafbf8875775473-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0455_custom-84a3de002f71d533d87bdc201dafbf8875775473-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0455_custom-84a3de002f71d533d87bdc201dafbf8875775473-s800-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guerra and wife's house in the suburban community of Moreno Valley. The couple bought the home after immigrating to the U.S. and raised three children there. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Return to the Philippines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo was caught, tried by a jury and found guilty of second-degree murder. He was sentenced to five years to life at San Quentin State Prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was out in seven years. Dad said Lolo talked about marking his cell with chalk every year he spent there. When he was released, he took his hand, swiped the chalk marks off the wall and cried aloud, \"Goodbye!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear why Lolo was released from prison so early, but a handwritten note in his prison records offers a clue. It appears to read, \"repat Paroled 5/5/39.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Repat\" is a likely reference to the government's efforts to repatriate Filipinos under a 1935 law signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to anger among white workers about Filipino men taking U.S. jobs. The measure came a year after the Tydings-McDuffie Act — a law that set the Philippines on the path to independence but that also reclassified Filipinos already in the U.S. as \"aliens.\" Taken together, the two laws were blamed for separating Filipino families, given that Tydings-McDuffie capped Filipino immigration at 50 people per year, making it near impossible for anyone who was repatriated to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lolo was heading back to the Philippines in 1939, World War II was raging in Europe. In the Pacific, Japanese forces had taken over several Chinese cities. The U.S. was on guard — its interests in the Philippines could be next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo's niece, my Tita Letty Francisco, remembers that the war may be the reason for Lolo's parole. Back then, it was common for prisoners to be recruited to fight the Japanese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Within hours, it invaded the Philippines. Lolo became a second lieutenant in the guerrilla army fighting the Japanese alongside U.S. forces. He even got a new nickname. Instead of Vicente Guerra, they called him Vicente Bakal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768304\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768304\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vicente Guerra is pictured during his time as a second lieutenant in the guerilla force fighting the Japanese in World War II. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Denise Guerra)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Bakal is iron,\" said Tita Letty. She said he could be loving toward his family, but when it came to war, Lolo showed no remorse for killing the Japanese. She remembers Lolo's fury after the Japanese bombed the home he shared with the woman he ended up marrying in the Philippines, Lola Isabel. He'd even brag about how many lives he took, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Dad, there was at least one death that troubled Lolo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the time he was tasked with killing a Filipina who had been accused of working as an informant for the Japanese. She was labeled a \"Makapili,\" the name Filipinos gave those who aided the Japanese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the war, the Japanese would take informants, place bags over their heads, cut two holes for their eyes and ask them to identify Filipinos. Once identified, the Japanese would shoot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo's secret mission to kill this woman meant he couldn't use a gun, because it would make noise, so he and others used a piece of wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"' They keep hitting her and hitting her, and she won't die,'\" Dad remembered Lolo telling him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what they did, they just digged a hole. But when they put her there, she's still alive. So they keep hitting her,\" Dad said, his tone solemn like I imagine Lolo's must have been when recounting the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, Lolo asked his boss to transfer him to another assignment. He couldn't take it anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I think back on this story, it makes me angry. How could he have killed someone so brutally? Even if it was in the service of his country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad takes me back to reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is war,\" he said. \"What did you expect?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Enforcer \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was about five years after our car ride that Dad and I went to where the murder took place in downtown LA. The street corner looks like a restored loft with some shops. It's loud, bustling. Traffic and construction noise fills the air. In one direction, I see homeless men. In another, a man on a dockless scooter riding by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's here, almost a century ago, that Lolo's life in America took a turn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad's silent, taking it all in. My thoughts are elsewhere, and I wonder how Lolo's environment shaped his actions. Did life in America encourage the worst in him? Turn him more angry? More violent? What if he had never come to the U.S.? Would he have avoided all the bloodshed? Or was it all inevitable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think about another influence in Lolo's life, Ted Lewin. He was an American who built one of the biggest gaming operations in Manila. In a 1959 profile, \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,865128,00.html\">\u003cem>Time\u003c/em> magazine described\u003c/a> Lewin, saying he had \"a taste for dark shirts, penthouses, air-conditioned Cadillacs and shadowy wheelings and dealings. In and out of Manila, in the past two decades, he has turned many a fast peso.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"filipino-americans\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo worked for Lewin as an enforcer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they see something or they found out something in the casino that you are cheating, they would beat the hell out of them,\" said Dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad said Lolo would tell him stories about taking a hammer and smashing each finger of a cheater's hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo became a top boss for Lewin. He was feared and respected. When Lewin was forced out of the trade by the Philippine government, Lolo took his experience and used it to establish his own businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had a fleet of taxis and operated distilleries. Ever the hustler, he at one point took a job at customs, where he accepted bribes for letting folks smuggle goods into the islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This allowed him to give his kids the opportunity to attend college in the Philippines, drive nice cars and establish political and business connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad used that to build his own business selling electronics in the Philippines. It did well at first but then fell into bankruptcy. He looked at America and saw a second chance. And thanks in part to Lolo's war service, Dad was eventually able to gain citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's retired now, after 40 years in manufacturing. He and my mom worked all the time, and because of that, my family enjoyed full bellies and college educations. The quintessential American Dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>My family, my country \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Dad why his life in America was so different from Lolo's. He said it's because each generation will be better off than the one before it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Remember during [his] time, they are all illiterate. They didn't go to high school,\" Dad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You go to another country, especially an industrialized country like America, most of them turned out to be drivers, busboys or work as a maid because they don't have schooling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad never went back to the Philippines, even for Lolo's funeral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even when I die, I already bought our family plot, because most people when they die, they go home, but this is my home, so I will just stay here,\" Dad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My parents are already dead. My only brother is dead. So there's no more thing for me to go to the Philippines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0155_custom-fb92a686c357b8bd1b2269c5e9a242486348174e-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0155_custom-fb92a686c357b8bd1b2269c5e9a242486348174e-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0155_custom-fb92a686c357b8bd1b2269c5e9a242486348174e-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0155_custom-fb92a686c357b8bd1b2269c5e9a242486348174e-s800-c85-160x110.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guerra says a prayer in the chapel he constructed in his garage. He has never returned to the Philippines since coming to America in the 1980s. \"My parents are already dead. My only brother is dead. So there's no more thing for me to go to the Philippines,\" he said. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I think about Lolo's history in America — the murder, the war, his thuggery — my biggest question is still whether he was a monster. Or would he have made different choices if America had been kinder? If you exist in a land where you're constantly seen as a villain, do you inevitably become one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Lolo's violence, Dad believes he was a good father, a good friend. Tita Letty remembers him as kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm not so sure. But the blood he shed is part of my family's story. It's part of America's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=My+Grandfather%2C+A+Killer+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Denise Guerra, a second-generation Filipino American, never met her grandfather. When she finally learned a long-held family secret, it shattered her view of the quintessential immigrant narrative.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On rare occasions, Dad and I would get together for lunch. It was 2014, and I had just started a job at NPR. Dad was retired and lived 60 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what I remember, we ate dim sum, which meant driving through the heart of downtown Los Angeles, the massive skyscrapers glistening in the afternoon sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was quiet in the car. I was thinking about how Mom and Dad used to make this commute to LA every day for work. Two hours in the morning, two hours at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad interrupted my thoughts, pointing to a building on the side of the freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Did you know that my dad killed somebody in that place?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wait, what?\" I responded, almost missing the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I never met my grandfather, Lolo Vicente, but I'd heard stories about him. On our living room wall, there's a picture of him. He was handsome. Dad said he was strict, but he never talked about him coming to America, much less that he killed someone. When I asked Dad why it had taken him so long to tell me, he said it's because I never asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million thoughts raced through my head. Lolo was in America? Why was Lolo in America? Who did he kill? Did he go to prison?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the main question tugging at me was what this all meant for the story of my family's history in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768295\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0087_custom-c0585b545430b16710a9af0cf79faf63be15644e-e1566155580832.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768295\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0087_custom-c0585b545430b16710a9af0cf79faf63be15644e-e1566155580832.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author's father, Manolo Guerra, stands for a portrait at his home in Moreno Valley, Calif., on Aug. 7. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The murder had suddenly shattered my view of the quintessential immigrant narrative — the story my parents embodied. They both came to the United States from the Philippines in the 1980s looking for a better life. Dad became a citizen; Mom, a green card holder. They worked hard, bought a house in the suburbs and raised three children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandfather had taken a darker path. The fact that this violence was a part of my American story scared me. I hated how it might feed into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/30/upshot/crime-immigration-myth.html?module=inline\">false\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/upshot/illegal-immigration-crime-rates-research.html\">narrative\u003c/a> that immigrants drive up crime rates. The story also enticed me. I needed to find answers to my questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the story of my Lolo — which means \"grandfather\" in Tagalog, a language native to the Philippines. The reason I'm here is because of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768296\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0125_custom-c9645c2e7b06ad2ca7ca309cb317dc0510e8d865-e1566155627245.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768296\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0125_custom-c9645c2e7b06ad2ca7ca309cb317dc0510e8d865-e1566155627245.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1332\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trophies and ribbons won by the Guerra sisters are on display in the garage of their father, Manolo Guerra. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>America's \"Little Brown Brothers\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first found Lolo's mug shot, I thought he looked handsome. He was only 24, with soft features and slick black hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had come to America six years earlier, in 1926. He grew up poor in a small province in the Philippines and was part of a mass migration that, \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/philippines-culture-migration\">by one estimate\u003c/a>, brought 150,000 Filipinos to America between 1907 and 1930. These were mostly single young men who boarded steamships to travel thousands of miles from the Philippines to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, it was relatively easy to immigrate to the U.S. from the Philippines, which in the 1930s was still \u003ca href=\"https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/APA/Historical-Essays/Exclusion-and-Empire/The-Philippines/\">a U.S. territory\u003c/a>. The agricultural sector needed cheap labor, and Filipinos, who were considered noncitizen nationals, fulfilled that role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768297\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0006_custom-1882b5ad05ee6114c851da325a2def1eb5d017ee-e1566155844678.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0006_custom-1882b5ad05ee6114c851da325a2def1eb5d017ee-e1566155844678.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manolo Guerra points himself out in an old family portrait. He's standing in the photo with his father, Vicente Guerra, his mother, Isabel Guerra, and his older brother Greg. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768298\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0103_custom-628870066d5a5490411611fdb6372e0377ff79a8-e1566155896220.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0103_custom-628870066d5a5490411611fdb6372e0377ff79a8-e1566155896220.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1332\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A family photo at the home of Manolo Guerra. The author, Denise Guerra, appears on the far left alongside her sister, mother, father, sister and brother-in-law. Her two nieces appear seated in the front row. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While most of these Filipinos worked in farming, men like my grandfather ended up in cities as low-wage domestic workers. In Los Angeles, he became a \"houseboy.\" Family lore said he cleaned house for actor George Raft, who appeared in the original \u003cem>Scarface\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For newly arrived immigrants like Lolo, life in America was hard, and the reception was not always warm. Filipino men were known as America's \"little brown brothers,\" a phrase coined by William Howard Taft, who before winning the White House in the 1908 election, served as the first American governor-general of the Philippines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White America's view could be summed up in a 1929 \u003cem>Los Angeles Times \u003c/em>op-ed titled \"The Filipino Invasion.\" The author describes Filipinos as \"good boys, most of them trained on battleships or as houseboys to neatness, cleanliness and quiet courtesy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can only imagine how emasculating this must have felt for Lolo and other young Filipino men. But you wouldn't be able to tell by looking at photographs of them from the time. Outside of work they wore fedoras, \u003ca href=\"https://www.esquiremag.ph/style/fashion/filipino-mens-fashion-a2289-20190401-lfrm6\">pressed zoot suits\u003c/a> and shiny wingtip shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Ocampo, a sociologist at California State Polytechnic University and author of the book \u003cem>The Latinos of Asia: How Filipino Americans Break the Rules of Race, \u003c/em>said dressing like that offered a form of mental self-preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think part of the reason they did that is because having traveled 7,000 miles across the Pacific Ocean, being able to present themselves in that way gave them some sort of dignity,\" Ocampo said. \"That the journey was worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768306\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0320_custom-175badc4bdaff2881b5f935ef6b6505fd46bb2fd-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0320_custom-175badc4bdaff2881b5f935ef6b6505fd46bb2fd-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0320_custom-175badc4bdaff2881b5f935ef6b6505fd46bb2fd-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0320_custom-175badc4bdaff2881b5f935ef6b6505fd46bb2fd-s800-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guerra sits at his home. In the 1980s, Guerra immigrated to the U.S. from the Philippines in search of a better life. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of course, it wasn't strictly about self-preservation, said Ocampo. They also did it to attract women, especially at the local taxi-dance halls, where men could hire women to dance with them. The dance halls gave immigrants an outlet to socialize with one another and spend some of their hard-earned money — typically 10 cents per dance — in hopes of finding some companionship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women were usually white, and given racist attitudes and miscegenation laws, that dynamic would eventually spark violence against the Filipino community by white men enraged over the \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=_yD8ND6gMUsC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false\">influx of migrant laborers in the area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most notorious incident happened in Watsonville, an agricultural community in Northern California. In 1930, a mob of about 500 white men and youth opened fire at a dance hall popular with the local Filipino community where white women were being employed. Over five days, roaming mobs assaulted Filipinos with pistols, clubs and whips. They dragged Filipinos from their homes and beat them. Filipinos were thrown off bridges. One man, Fermin Tobera, 22, was shot to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was out to run the Filipinos out of the country,\" one participant told the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em>. \"We're going to get rid of them, that's what.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Murder \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next year, a woman would again be at the center of violence involving Filipinos. This time, it involved my Lolo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, no one in my family can say for certain what drove my grandfather to murder. But according to an Associated Press report dated Sept. 23, 1931, it all had to do with \"an American girl.\" The headline of the story read, \"Oriental Killed, One Shot in Love Feud.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to my dad, Lolo was in a restaurant bathroom when two men cornered him and slit his neck, leaving Lolo bleeding and facedown on a toilet. Someone found Lolo and was able to get help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad doesn't know what prompted the attack, but he remembers the scar that it left on the back of Lolo's neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his recovery, Lolo went looking for his attackers, and one day, while cruising the streets of a busy downtown corridor, Lolo spotted two men leaving a theater. He told a friend to get the car ready. Lolo had a gun and was set on revenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting took place close to a popular dance hall where Filipinos hung out, near city hall. His victims were John Lopez, shot in the leg, and Joseph Retotar, a Filipino, who died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records for the two men are hard to come by. Based on what I could find, Retotar was about the same age as Lolo. And that love feud? While the article suggests it was over an American, no one in the family can say for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years I agonized. If only I had her name or the details of the others involved, then just maybe I could figure out what really happened. It had to be in the case file. I went to the Los Angeles County Hall of Records to look for it, but when the archivist took the decades-old microfilm out of its box, it fell apart. This mystery woman was now a ghost on decrepit microfilm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768307\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0455_custom-84a3de002f71d533d87bdc201dafbf8875775473-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0455_custom-84a3de002f71d533d87bdc201dafbf8875775473-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0455_custom-84a3de002f71d533d87bdc201dafbf8875775473-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0455_custom-84a3de002f71d533d87bdc201dafbf8875775473-s800-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guerra and wife's house in the suburban community of Moreno Valley. The couple bought the home after immigrating to the U.S. and raised three children there. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Return to the Philippines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo was caught, tried by a jury and found guilty of second-degree murder. He was sentenced to five years to life at San Quentin State Prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was out in seven years. Dad said Lolo talked about marking his cell with chalk every year he spent there. When he was released, he took his hand, swiped the chalk marks off the wall and cried aloud, \"Goodbye!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear why Lolo was released from prison so early, but a handwritten note in his prison records offers a clue. It appears to read, \"repat Paroled 5/5/39.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Repat\" is a likely reference to the government's efforts to repatriate Filipinos under a 1935 law signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to anger among white workers about Filipino men taking U.S. jobs. The measure came a year after the Tydings-McDuffie Act — a law that set the Philippines on the path to independence but that also reclassified Filipinos already in the U.S. as \"aliens.\" Taken together, the two laws were blamed for separating Filipino families, given that Tydings-McDuffie capped Filipino immigration at 50 people per year, making it near impossible for anyone who was repatriated to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lolo was heading back to the Philippines in 1939, World War II was raging in Europe. In the Pacific, Japanese forces had taken over several Chinese cities. The U.S. was on guard — its interests in the Philippines could be next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo's niece, my Tita Letty Francisco, remembers that the war may be the reason for Lolo's parole. Back then, it was common for prisoners to be recruited to fight the Japanese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Within hours, it invaded the Philippines. Lolo became a second lieutenant in the guerrilla army fighting the Japanese alongside U.S. forces. He even got a new nickname. Instead of Vicente Guerra, they called him Vicente Bakal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768304\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768304\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/img_2491-copy-84559d54d634a915727b2c66a1b2c6f8f924956c-s800-c85-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vicente Guerra is pictured during his time as a second lieutenant in the guerilla force fighting the Japanese in World War II. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Denise Guerra)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Bakal is iron,\" said Tita Letty. She said he could be loving toward his family, but when it came to war, Lolo showed no remorse for killing the Japanese. She remembers Lolo's fury after the Japanese bombed the home he shared with the woman he ended up marrying in the Philippines, Lola Isabel. He'd even brag about how many lives he took, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Dad, there was at least one death that troubled Lolo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the time he was tasked with killing a Filipina who had been accused of working as an informant for the Japanese. She was labeled a \"Makapili,\" the name Filipinos gave those who aided the Japanese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the war, the Japanese would take informants, place bags over their heads, cut two holes for their eyes and ask them to identify Filipinos. Once identified, the Japanese would shoot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo's secret mission to kill this woman meant he couldn't use a gun, because it would make noise, so he and others used a piece of wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"' They keep hitting her and hitting her, and she won't die,'\" Dad remembered Lolo telling him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what they did, they just digged a hole. But when they put her there, she's still alive. So they keep hitting her,\" Dad said, his tone solemn like I imagine Lolo's must have been when recounting the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, Lolo asked his boss to transfer him to another assignment. He couldn't take it anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I think back on this story, it makes me angry. How could he have killed someone so brutally? Even if it was in the service of his country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad takes me back to reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is war,\" he said. \"What did you expect?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Enforcer \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was about five years after our car ride that Dad and I went to where the murder took place in downtown LA. The street corner looks like a restored loft with some shops. It's loud, bustling. Traffic and construction noise fills the air. In one direction, I see homeless men. In another, a man on a dockless scooter riding by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's here, almost a century ago, that Lolo's life in America took a turn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad's silent, taking it all in. My thoughts are elsewhere, and I wonder how Lolo's environment shaped his actions. Did life in America encourage the worst in him? Turn him more angry? More violent? What if he had never come to the U.S.? Would he have avoided all the bloodshed? Or was it all inevitable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think about another influence in Lolo's life, Ted Lewin. He was an American who built one of the biggest gaming operations in Manila. In a 1959 profile, \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,865128,00.html\">\u003cem>Time\u003c/em> magazine described\u003c/a> Lewin, saying he had \"a taste for dark shirts, penthouses, air-conditioned Cadillacs and shadowy wheelings and dealings. In and out of Manila, in the past two decades, he has turned many a fast peso.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo worked for Lewin as an enforcer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they see something or they found out something in the casino that you are cheating, they would beat the hell out of them,\" said Dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad said Lolo would tell him stories about taking a hammer and smashing each finger of a cheater's hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lolo became a top boss for Lewin. He was feared and respected. When Lewin was forced out of the trade by the Philippine government, Lolo took his experience and used it to establish his own businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had a fleet of taxis and operated distilleries. Ever the hustler, he at one point took a job at customs, where he accepted bribes for letting folks smuggle goods into the islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This allowed him to give his kids the opportunity to attend college in the Philippines, drive nice cars and establish political and business connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad used that to build his own business selling electronics in the Philippines. It did well at first but then fell into bankruptcy. He looked at America and saw a second chance. And thanks in part to Lolo's war service, Dad was eventually able to gain citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's retired now, after 40 years in manufacturing. He and my mom worked all the time, and because of that, my family enjoyed full bellies and college educations. The quintessential American Dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>My family, my country \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Dad why his life in America was so different from Lolo's. He said it's because each generation will be better off than the one before it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Remember during [his] time, they are all illiterate. They didn't go to high school,\" Dad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You go to another country, especially an industrialized country like America, most of them turned out to be drivers, busboys or work as a maid because they don't have schooling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dad never went back to the Philippines, even for Lolo's funeral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even when I die, I already bought our family plot, because most people when they die, they go home, but this is my home, so I will just stay here,\" Dad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My parents are already dead. My only brother is dead. So there's no more thing for me to go to the Philippines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0155_custom-fb92a686c357b8bd1b2269c5e9a242486348174e-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11768305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0155_custom-fb92a686c357b8bd1b2269c5e9a242486348174e-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0155_custom-fb92a686c357b8bd1b2269c5e9a242486348174e-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/npr_kat_kaye_mg_0155_custom-fb92a686c357b8bd1b2269c5e9a242486348174e-s800-c85-160x110.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guerra says a prayer in the chapel he constructed in his garage. He has never returned to the Philippines since coming to America in the 1980s. \"My parents are already dead. My only brother is dead. So there's no more thing for me to go to the Philippines,\" he said. \u003ccite>(Kat Kaye/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I think about Lolo's history in America — the murder, the war, his thuggery — my biggest question is still whether he was a monster. Or would he have made different choices if America had been kinder? If you exist in a land where you're constantly seen as a villain, do you inevitably become one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Lolo's violence, Dad believes he was a good father, a good friend. Tita Letty remembers him as kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm not so sure. But the blood he shed is part of my family's story. It's part of America's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=My+Grandfather%2C+A+Killer+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Leads New Lawsuit Over Trump Rule Targeting Poor Immigrants",
"title": "California Leads New Lawsuit Over Trump Rule Targeting Poor Immigrants",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>California and three other states on Friday filed the latest court challenge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11767202/immigration-chief-give-me-your-tired-your-poor-who-can-stand-on-their-own-2-feet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">new Trump administration rules\u003c/a> blocking green cards for many immigrants who use public assistance including Medicaid, food stamps and housing vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of Americans would be considered a burden if the same standards were applied to U.S. citizens, said California Attorney General Xavier Becerra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]'[President Trump] has a particular problem with brown people — not even immigrants.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This Trump rule weaponizes nutrition, health care and housing,\" Becerra said, by potentially blocking legal immigrants from becoming citizens, \"if your child participates in something as basic as your neighborhood school lunch or nutrition program.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit he filed in U.S. District Court in San Francisco follows others this week including those by Washington and 12 other states, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11767411/s-f-santa-clara-first-in-nation-to-sue-over-trump-rule-targeting-low-income-immigrants\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">and by San Francisco and Santa Clara counties\u003c/a>. Joining California are Maine, Oregon and Pennsylvania, as well as the District of Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen immigrant advocacy and legal groups led by La Clínica de la Raza filed a separate lawsuit Friday in the same court, arguing the regulation was motivated by racial bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='public-charge' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits all contest one of President Trump's most aggressive moves to restrict legal immigration. A spokesman for the White House declined comment while U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules set to take effect in October would broaden a range of programs that can disqualify immigrants from legal status if they are deemed to be a burden to the United States — what's known as a \"public charge.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra, a Democrat, said working families across the country rely on similar safety net programs. The impact is particularly great in California, which has more than 10 million immigrants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This Trump rule disproportionately impacts Californians, that’s obvious,\" he said. \"Almost half of all California children have at least one immigrant parent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lawsuit argues that the rule creates unnecessary new obstacles for immigrants who want to legally live in the United States. It also discourages them from using health, nutrition, housing and other programs for fear it will erode their chances of being granted lawful status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole point is to create anxiety and create that chilling effect,\" said Gov. Gavin Newsom at a news conference with Becerra, immigration advocates and services providers. \"You already are seeing a decline in people that are getting supports that they're legally entitled to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said Trump \"has a particular problem with brown people — not even immigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later said he was \"not going there\" by following other Democrats who have called Trump a white supremacist, \"but he says a lot of things that make a lot of people that do identify with that term very happy. The continued assault on the Hispanic community, it's not even any question; it's just self-evident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom pointed to the rule change as well as recent immigration raids in Mississippi and a mass shooting by a man who authorities believe targeted Mexicans at a Walmart store in the Texas border city of El Paso.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Connect some dots,\" Newsom said. \"Why is it even an open question, what's going on this country and what's going on with this administration, and what they're trying to do and who they're trying to blame.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11766631 label='Fear After Mass Shootings']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's mother was born in Mexico, coming to the U.S. after marrying his father, and he said she likely would have been affected by the policy. However, the rules don't apply to U.S. citizens, even if the citizen is related to an immigrant who is affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many immigrants are ineligible for public benefits because of their status, and an Associated Press analysis found low-income immigrants use Medicaid, food aid, cash assistance and Supplemental Security Income, or SSI, at a lower rate than comparable low-income native-born adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who work with immigrants say the rule, which doesn't go into effect until October, is already having a negative impact. California counties administer the food stamp program and Medi-Cal in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data are hard to tease out, but we have heard, for about two years now, every time there's been coverage of a possible rule coming forward, people will call and they will say please remove me from the rolls. Or please withdraw that application that I had filed,\" said Cathy Senderling-McDonald, deputy executive director of the County Welfare Directors Association of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's attempts to thwart illegal immigration have drawn the most attention, but the latest announcement Monday affects people who entered the United States legally and are seeking permanent status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to see people coming to this country who are self-sufficient,\" said Ken Cuccinelli, the acting director of Citizenship and Immigration Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Katie Orr contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Nearly half of Americans would be considered a burden if the same standards the Trump administration wants to apply to many immigrants were applied to U.S. citizens, said California Attorney General Xavier Becerra.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California and three other states on Friday filed the latest court challenge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11767202/immigration-chief-give-me-your-tired-your-poor-who-can-stand-on-their-own-2-feet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">new Trump administration rules\u003c/a> blocking green cards for many immigrants who use public assistance including Medicaid, food stamps and housing vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of Americans would be considered a burden if the same standards were applied to U.S. citizens, said California Attorney General Xavier Becerra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This Trump rule weaponizes nutrition, health care and housing,\" Becerra said, by potentially blocking legal immigrants from becoming citizens, \"if your child participates in something as basic as your neighborhood school lunch or nutrition program.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit he filed in U.S. District Court in San Francisco follows others this week including those by Washington and 12 other states, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11767411/s-f-santa-clara-first-in-nation-to-sue-over-trump-rule-targeting-low-income-immigrants\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">and by San Francisco and Santa Clara counties\u003c/a>. Joining California are Maine, Oregon and Pennsylvania, as well as the District of Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen immigrant advocacy and legal groups led by La Clínica de la Raza filed a separate lawsuit Friday in the same court, arguing the regulation was motivated by racial bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits all contest one of President Trump's most aggressive moves to restrict legal immigration. A spokesman for the White House declined comment while U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules set to take effect in October would broaden a range of programs that can disqualify immigrants from legal status if they are deemed to be a burden to the United States — what's known as a \"public charge.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra, a Democrat, said working families across the country rely on similar safety net programs. The impact is particularly great in California, which has more than 10 million immigrants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This Trump rule disproportionately impacts Californians, that’s obvious,\" he said. \"Almost half of all California children have at least one immigrant parent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lawsuit argues that the rule creates unnecessary new obstacles for immigrants who want to legally live in the United States. It also discourages them from using health, nutrition, housing and other programs for fear it will erode their chances of being granted lawful status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole point is to create anxiety and create that chilling effect,\" said Gov. Gavin Newsom at a news conference with Becerra, immigration advocates and services providers. \"You already are seeing a decline in people that are getting supports that they're legally entitled to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said Trump \"has a particular problem with brown people — not even immigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later said he was \"not going there\" by following other Democrats who have called Trump a white supremacist, \"but he says a lot of things that make a lot of people that do identify with that term very happy. The continued assault on the Hispanic community, it's not even any question; it's just self-evident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom pointed to the rule change as well as recent immigration raids in Mississippi and a mass shooting by a man who authorities believe targeted Mexicans at a Walmart store in the Texas border city of El Paso.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Connect some dots,\" Newsom said. \"Why is it even an open question, what's going on this country and what's going on with this administration, and what they're trying to do and who they're trying to blame.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's mother was born in Mexico, coming to the U.S. after marrying his father, and he said she likely would have been affected by the policy. However, the rules don't apply to U.S. citizens, even if the citizen is related to an immigrant who is affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many immigrants are ineligible for public benefits because of their status, and an Associated Press analysis found low-income immigrants use Medicaid, food aid, cash assistance and Supplemental Security Income, or SSI, at a lower rate than comparable low-income native-born adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who work with immigrants say the rule, which doesn't go into effect until October, is already having a negative impact. California counties administer the food stamp program and Medi-Cal in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data are hard to tease out, but we have heard, for about two years now, every time there's been coverage of a possible rule coming forward, people will call and they will say please remove me from the rolls. Or please withdraw that application that I had filed,\" said Cathy Senderling-McDonald, deputy executive director of the County Welfare Directors Association of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's attempts to thwart illegal immigration have drawn the most attention, but the latest announcement Monday affects people who entered the United States legally and are seeking permanent status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to see people coming to this country who are self-sufficient,\" said Ken Cuccinelli, the acting director of Citizenship and Immigration Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Katie Orr contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Cave Woman of India: Tracing My Scars as an Immigrant's Daughter",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]D[/dropcap]istant mountains are always blue. That was something my mother used to say to me. Over and over again. Distant mountains are always blue. It is true, especially in India, where the Ghats are dark bundles of risen geometry pointing up to the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think it means more than that now, more than just a description of the Sahyadri mountains seen from far away. It is as if the distance itself is coated in dark blue melancholy. The same color of a deepening sky as night falls. The same color that makes it seem like twilight is nostalgia for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not just the way the lush greenness of the Sahyadris somehow mixes with the deep purple rock face, and turns the distant shapes to midnight cobalt. It’s something that happens in the space between — the very far awayness of those far away mountain ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Distant mountains are always blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know this now, because my mother is my distant mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11767393 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view of the gorge from inside an Ajanta cave, Maharashtra India. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My mother is Parsi, born and raised in India. Like many children of immigrants, I spent parts of my childhood in my mother’s country. I have an Indian name, and Indian eyes, but I am not Indian in India, and not quite American in America. I am, like so many, in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I think of my childhood visits to India, I most vividly remember my mother’s caves. Well, maybe they are not \u003cem>her\u003c/em> caves, not really, but for almost as long as I can remember my mother has been obsessed with — and has studied — a place called Ajanta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767392\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11767392 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The caves at Ajanta were carved, sculpted and painted between the first Century BC and the sixth century AD. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ajanta is a \u003ca href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/242/\">UNESCO world heritage site\u003c/a> — 30 Buddhist caves carved into the rock face of a giant ravine, forged and painted between the first century BC and 6th century AD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My mother has spent the last 30 years as an art historian learning and understanding the artwork left behind there; sculpture and paintings and stories. From centuries beyond imagining; the trace beginnings of the divine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767370\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11767370 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My mother, resting and reflecting inside an unfinished cave at Ajanta. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is not just the caves, with their cold stone interiors, not just the giant sculptures of the Buddha, and the way you can sense that this was once a place of worship and sacrifice. This was also my childhood playground. I wandered in and out and around the caves, while my mother squinted in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have watched my mother disappear into other kinds of caves too. Depression is after all, a kind of cave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, decades later, I visit my mother in India again. She's depressed again. So in the winter of 2018 I make the 20-plus hour trip from California to see her. I told myself that she needed me, but if I’m being honest I went for myself too — to trace some scars of my own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11767387 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My mother and I, posing at lookout point -- where you can see all the caves laid out across the surface of the rock. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Together, we returned to Ajanta. We went back to her caves. It was a pilgrimage of sorts to the place that makes her happiest, and to the last place I truly remember being mothered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the story of that journey. It’s a story about mothers and daughters, mental illness, historical trauma and history itself. The way it repeats, the way it fails to learn, and the way the ghosts of the past live on inside us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/08/TCRMAG20190816.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3331.jpg\" Title=\"The Cave Woman of India: Tracing My Scars as an Immigrant's Daughter\" program=\"The California Report Magazine\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Most children of immigrant parents know what it's like to walk between two worlds. KQED's Sandhya Dirks takes us back with her to her mother's India -- to a tell a story about inherited trauma, mental illness, and South Asian history. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">D\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>istant mountains are always blue. That was something my mother used to say to me. Over and over again. Distant mountains are always blue. It is true, especially in India, where the Ghats are dark bundles of risen geometry pointing up to the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think it means more than that now, more than just a description of the Sahyadri mountains seen from far away. It is as if the distance itself is coated in dark blue melancholy. The same color of a deepening sky as night falls. The same color that makes it seem like twilight is nostalgia for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not just the way the lush greenness of the Sahyadris somehow mixes with the deep purple rock face, and turns the distant shapes to midnight cobalt. It’s something that happens in the space between — the very far awayness of those far away mountain ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Distant mountains are always blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know this now, because my mother is my distant mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11767393 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3273.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view of the gorge from inside an Ajanta cave, Maharashtra India. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My mother is Parsi, born and raised in India. Like many children of immigrants, I spent parts of my childhood in my mother’s country. I have an Indian name, and Indian eyes, but I am not Indian in India, and not quite American in America. I am, like so many, in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I think of my childhood visits to India, I most vividly remember my mother’s caves. Well, maybe they are not \u003cem>her\u003c/em> caves, not really, but for almost as long as I can remember my mother has been obsessed with — and has studied — a place called Ajanta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767392\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11767392 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3395.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The caves at Ajanta were carved, sculpted and painted between the first Century BC and the sixth century AD. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ajanta is a \u003ca href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/242/\">UNESCO world heritage site\u003c/a> — 30 Buddhist caves carved into the rock face of a giant ravine, forged and painted between the first century BC and 6th century AD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My mother has spent the last 30 years as an art historian learning and understanding the artwork left behind there; sculpture and paintings and stories. From centuries beyond imagining; the trace beginnings of the divine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767370\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11767370 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3336.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My mother, resting and reflecting inside an unfinished cave at Ajanta. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is not just the caves, with their cold stone interiors, not just the giant sculptures of the Buddha, and the way you can sense that this was once a place of worship and sacrifice. This was also my childhood playground. I wandered in and out and around the caves, while my mother squinted in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have watched my mother disappear into other kinds of caves too. Depression is after all, a kind of cave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, decades later, I visit my mother in India again. She's depressed again. So in the winter of 2018 I make the 20-plus hour trip from California to see her. I told myself that she needed me, but if I’m being honest I went for myself too — to trace some scars of my own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11767387 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/IMG_3236.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My mother and I, posing at lookout point -- where you can see all the caves laid out across the surface of the rock. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Together, we returned to Ajanta. We went back to her caves. It was a pilgrimage of sorts to the place that makes her happiest, and to the last place I truly remember being mothered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the story of that journey. It’s a story about mothers and daughters, mental illness, historical trauma and history itself. The way it repeats, the way it fails to learn, and the way the ghosts of the past live on inside us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Court Rules U.S. Can Reject Asylum Along Parts of Mexico Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court's ruling Friday will allow the Trump administration to begin rejecting asylum along the U.S.-Mexico border in New Mexico and Texas for migrants who arrive after passing through a third country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Friday's ruling from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco, U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11763296/federal-judge-in-s-f-halts-new-rule-targeting-central-american-asylum-seekers\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">July 24 order stopping the third-country policy\u003c/a> would only apply in California and Arizona, which are covered by the 9th Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two busiest areas for unauthorized border crossings are in South Texas' Rio Grande Valley and the region around El Paso, Texas, which includes New Mexico. Nearly 50,000 people in July crossed the U.S. border without permission in those two regions, according to the U.S. Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration policy would deny asylum to anyone who passes through another country on the way to the U.S. without seeking protection there. Most crossing the southern border are Central Americans fleeing violence and poverty, who would largely be ineligible. The policy would also apply to people from Africa, Asia and South America who come to the southern border to request asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the policy is implemented, ineligible migrants who cross in New Mexico and Texas could be detained and more quickly deported. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security did not immediately respond to a request for comment Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under American law, people can request asylum when they arrive in the U.S. regardless of how they enter. The law makes an exception for those who have come through a country considered to be \"safe\" pursuant to an agreement between the U.S. and that country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11761305/this-obscure-treaty-is-the-blueprint-for-trumps-new-asylum-rule\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada and the U.S. have a \"safe third country\" agreement\u003c/a>. But the U.S. doesn't have one with Mexico or countries in Central America. The Trump administration has tried to sign one with Guatemala, but the country's incoming president said this week that Guatemala would not be able to uphold a tentative deal reached by his predecessor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government is already turning away many asylum-seekers at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 30,000 people have been returned to Mexico to await asylum hearings under the government's Migrant Protection Protocols program. Tens of thousands of others are waiting in shelters and camps to present themselves to U.S. border agents at official ports of entry that have strict daily limits on asylum-seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11763296,news_11761316,news_11761305' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico's asylum system is itself overwhelmed, and there are widespread reports of migrants being attacked and extorted. Border cities across from New Mexico and Texas include Juarez, Nuevo Laredo and Reynosa, all of which are well-known for their violence and gang presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar had ruled the policy could expose migrants to violence and abuse, deny their rights under international law and return them to countries they were fleeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court ruled that Tigar's order hadn't considered whether a nationwide order was necessary and that there wasn't enough evidence presented yet to conclude that it was. The court instructed Tigar to \"further develop the record in support of a preliminary injunction\" extending nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges Mark Bennett and Milan Smith voted to limit Tigar's order. Judge A. Wallace Tashima dissented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar is a nominee of former President Barack Obama. Trump previously derided Tigar as an \"Obama judge\" after Tigar ruled against another set of asylum restrictions last year. That comment led to an unusual rebuke from Chief Justice John Roberts, who said the judiciary did not have \"Obama judges or Clinton judges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump nominated Bennett, while Smith was nominated by former President George W. Bush. Tashima was nominated by former President Bill Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union and other legal groups had sued the Trump administration after it announced the restrictions last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will continue fighting to end the ban entirely and permanently,\" said Lee Gelernt, a lawyer for the ACLU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico's asylum system is itself overwhelmed, and there are widespread reports of migrants being attacked and extorted. Border cities across from New Mexico and Texas include Juarez, Nuevo Laredo and Reynosa, all of which are well-known for their violence and gang presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar had ruled the policy could expose migrants to violence and abuse, deny their rights under international law and return them to countries they were fleeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court ruled that Tigar's order hadn't considered whether a nationwide order was necessary and that there wasn't enough evidence presented yet to conclude that it was. The court instructed Tigar to \"further develop the record in support of a preliminary injunction\" extending nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges Mark Bennett and Milan Smith voted to limit Tigar's order. Judge A. Wallace Tashima dissented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar is a nominee of former President Barack Obama. Trump previously derided Tigar as an \"Obama judge\" after Tigar ruled against another set of asylum restrictions last year. That comment led to an unusual rebuke from Chief Justice John Roberts, who said the judiciary did not have \"Obama judges or Clinton judges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump nominated Bennett, while Smith was nominated by former President George W. Bush. Tashima was nominated by former President Bill Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union and other legal groups had sued the Trump administration after it announced the restrictions last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will continue fighting to end the ban entirely and permanently,\" said Lee Gelernt, a lawyer for the ACLU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of Google employees are calling on the company to pledge it won’t work with U.S. Customs and Border Protection or Immigration and Customs Enforcement. It’s the latest in a year full of political and social pushback from the tech giant’s workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of employees called Googlers for Human Rights \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@no.gcp.for.cbp/google-must-stand-against-human-rights-abuses-nogcpforcbp-88c60e1fc35e\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">posted a public petition\u003c/a> urging the company not to bid on a cloud computing contract for CBP, the federal agency that oversees law enforcement for the country’s borders. Bids for the contract were due Aug. 1. It is not clear if Google expressed interest. The company did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11738391,news_11714714,news_1925435' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 800 Google employees had signed the petition by Friday morning. Citing a “system of abuse” and “malign neglect” by the agencies, the petition demands that Google not provide any technical services to CBP, ICE or the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), which provides services for refugees, until the agencies “stop engaging in human rights abuses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In working with CBP, ICE, or ORR, Google would be trading its integrity for a bit of profit, and joining a shameful lineage,” the organizers wrote. They cited federal actions that have separated migrant children from parents and set up detention centers with poor conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google employees have led a growing trend in which some tech-company employees have taken public stances against their employers’ policies. Thousands of Google employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702872/google-employees-begin-global-walkout-to-protest-companys-treatment-of-women\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">walked out last fall\u003c/a> to protest the company’s handling of sexual misconduct claims. Employees also protested a Pentagon contract last year over work that used artificial intelligence technology to analyze drone footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protests have chalked up some victories. After the walkout, Google announced new sexual misconduct guidelines, although some employees say they don’t go far enough. And the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925435/google-pledges-not-to-use-ai-for-weapons-or-surveillance\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">did not renew the Pentagon contract\u003c/a> after significant pushback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to some employee pressures has added fuel to claims from Republican pundits and lawmakers that the company is building its products to be biased against conservatives — an unfounded claim that has spawned multiple congressional hearings, although none that have produced evidence of bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was hit with criticism by President Trump last week when the president tweeted he was “watching Google very closely” after a former employee claimed on Fox News — without evidence — that the company would try to influence the 2020 election against Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has denied claims of political bias in its popular search service and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings Law professor Veena Dubal said there’s no First Amendment protection in the workplace, so the workers are taking a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They risk harassment from co-workers and others. They risk maybe in the future maybe not being hired by other employers. And it’s possible that Google could terminate or harass them,” Dubal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>A panel of judges on Thursday dismissed an appeal by the U.S. government that contended detained immigrant children might not require soap during shorter stints in custody under a longstanding settlement agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Leecia Welch, National Center for Youth Law']'It should shock the conscience of all Americans to know that our government argued children do not need these bare essentials.'[/pullquote]A three-judge panel for the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco dismissed a challenge to a lower court decision that authorities had failed to provide safe and sanitary conditions for the children under the 1997 settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government had argued that authorities weren't required to provide specific accommodations, such as soap, under the agreement's requirement that facilities be \"safe and sanitary\" and asked the panel to weigh in. The appellate judges disagreed and dismissed the government's case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Assuring that children eat enough edible food, drink clean water, are housed in hygienic facilities with sanitary bathrooms, have soap and toothpaste, and are not sleep-deprived are without doubt essential to the children's safety,\" the panel wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling followed a hearing in June where a U.S. government lawyer said the agreement was vague and didn't necessarily require that a toothbrush and soap be provided to children during brief stays in custody. The government argued that such requirements would be changing the agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leecia Welch, senior director of legal advocacy and child welfare at the National Center for Youth Law, said the panel's decision wasn't surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It should shock the conscience of all Americans to know that our government argued children do not need these bare essentials,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Schey, president of the Center for Human Rights and Constitutional Law, said he was hopeful the ruling would \"send a strong message that these children have to be treated humanely.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These children cannot be detained in unsafe conditions or unsanitary conditions,\" said Schey, an attorney who argued the case for the plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Court Judge Dolly Gee in Los Angeles ruled in 2017 that authorities had breached the agreement — widely-known as the Flores settlement — after young immigrants caught on the border said they had to sleep in cold, overcrowded cells and were given inadequate food and dirty water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, problems in the facilities have persisted. Gee has appointed an independent monitor to evaluate conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issues date back years. They have drawn increased attention amid a rise in the number of children and families, mostly from Central America, arriving on the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Flores settlement between advocates for young immigrants and the U.S. government says children should be held in facilities that meet certain standards and be released as soon as is reasonably possible, which has been considered to be about 20 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Farida Jhabvala Romero contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It should shock the conscience of all Americans to know that our government argued children do not need these bare essentials,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Schey, president of the Center for Human Rights and Constitutional Law, said he was hopeful the ruling would \"send a strong message that these children have to be treated humanely.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These children cannot be detained in unsafe conditions or unsanitary conditions,\" said Schey, an attorney who argued the case for the plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Court Judge Dolly Gee in Los Angeles ruled in 2017 that authorities had breached the agreement — widely-known as the Flores settlement — after young immigrants caught on the border said they had to sleep in cold, overcrowded cells and were given inadequate food and dirty water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, problems in the facilities have persisted. Gee has appointed an independent monitor to evaluate conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issues date back years. They have drawn increased attention amid a rise in the number of children and families, mostly from Central America, arriving on the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Flores settlement between advocates for young immigrants and the U.S. government says children should be held in facilities that meet certain standards and be released as soon as is reasonably possible, which has been considered to be about 20 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Farida Jhabvala Romero contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A three-judge appeals panel is weighing a lower federal court's order that preserves — for now — temporary protections allowing hundreds of thousands of immigrants to live and work in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a hearing Wednesday in Pasadena, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals panel seemed skeptical of U.S. District Judge Edward Chen's order last fall that blocked the Trump administration from ending Temporary Protected Status for more than 400,000 immigrants nationwide, including 75,000 in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security announced last year that it was ending TPS for nationals of El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua and Sudan. In the spring, it added two more countries to the list: Honduras and Nepal. Judge Chen issued an injunction last October that has kept the protections in place while the courts consider the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress created the TPS program in 1990 to provide humanitarian relief to immigrants already in the U.S. who could not return safely to home countries struck by wars or natural disasters, such as earthquakes. The secretary of the Department of Homeland Security must periodically review a country’s TPS designation to decide whether to extend the status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration defends getting rid of the protections, saying they’re no longer warranted for most TPS holders because the original conditions that led to the designations no longer exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plaintiffs say the DHS broke practice with previous administrations that had extended TPS, and its terminations of the program were unlawful and motivated by President Trump’s hostility against non-white immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing, ACLU attorney Ahilan Arulanantham cited a vulgar slur by Trump disparaging African nations as “shithole countries” as part of the evidence of the racial animus that allegedly influenced TPS terminations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage']But Judge Ryan Nelson questioned whether such statements were enough to support the plaintiff’s arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's this assumption that the president has animus,” said Nelson, a Trump appointee. “But if you go read the president's statements, none of them except for one have anything to do with the TPS statute that we're reviewing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Department of Justice attorney Gerard Sinzdak argued the government had the authority to issue the program terminations, despite any statements by Trump — before or after he took the oath of office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s inappropriate to draw the kind of inferences that plaintiffs are asking you to draw here… and then draw the inference that the (DHS) secretary was motivated by those views,” he said. “There is no cause for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the 9th circuit ends the lower court’s temporary injunction, plaintiffs would likely appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Once a final ruling is made, TPS holders from the six affected countries could ultimately face deportation after a four-month grace period, said Sinzdak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear when the appeals panel will rule.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A three-judge appeals panel is weighing a lower federal court's order that preserves — for now — temporary protections allowing hundreds of thousands of immigrants to live and work in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a hearing Wednesday in Pasadena, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals panel seemed skeptical of U.S. District Judge Edward Chen's order last fall that blocked the Trump administration from ending Temporary Protected Status for more than 400,000 immigrants nationwide, including 75,000 in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security announced last year that it was ending TPS for nationals of El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua and Sudan. In the spring, it added two more countries to the list: Honduras and Nepal. Judge Chen issued an injunction last October that has kept the protections in place while the courts consider the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress created the TPS program in 1990 to provide humanitarian relief to immigrants already in the U.S. who could not return safely to home countries struck by wars or natural disasters, such as earthquakes. The secretary of the Department of Homeland Security must periodically review a country’s TPS designation to decide whether to extend the status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration defends getting rid of the protections, saying they’re no longer warranted for most TPS holders because the original conditions that led to the designations no longer exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plaintiffs say the DHS broke practice with previous administrations that had extended TPS, and its terminations of the program were unlawful and motivated by President Trump’s hostility against non-white immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing, ACLU attorney Ahilan Arulanantham cited a vulgar slur by Trump disparaging African nations as “shithole countries” as part of the evidence of the racial animus that allegedly influenced TPS terminations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But Judge Ryan Nelson questioned whether such statements were enough to support the plaintiff’s arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's this assumption that the president has animus,” said Nelson, a Trump appointee. “But if you go read the president's statements, none of them except for one have anything to do with the TPS statute that we're reviewing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Department of Justice attorney Gerard Sinzdak argued the government had the authority to issue the program terminations, despite any statements by Trump — before or after he took the oath of office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s inappropriate to draw the kind of inferences that plaintiffs are asking you to draw here… and then draw the inference that the (DHS) secretary was motivated by those views,” he said. “There is no cause for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the 9th circuit ends the lower court’s temporary injunction, plaintiffs would likely appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Once a final ruling is made, TPS holders from the six affected countries could ultimately face deportation after a four-month grace period, said Sinzdak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear when the appeals panel will rule.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two Bay Area counties on Tuesday sued to block a new Trump administration rule that they say will penalize low-income immigrants seeking to become lawful permanent residents. The lawsuit filed by San Francisco and Santa Clara county is the nation’s first challenge to the policy, which is scheduled to go into effect in mid-October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/08/14/2019-17142/inadmissibility-on-public-charge-grounds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rule\u003c/a>, immigration officers may consider immigrants a “public charge” if they use certain federal public benefits such as food stamps, housing assistance programs and non-emergency Medi-Cal. The designation would weigh against their eligibility to obtain green cards — and eventually become U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"public-charge\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, only immigrants who depend on the government for cash assistance or are institutionalized for long-term care at government expense, may be considered a public charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says the new policy aims to protect taxpayer dollars and ensure that only self-sufficient immigrants are eligible for lawful permanent residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera argues that as more immigrants drop critical federal benefits out of fear or confusion, they’ll have to turn to other types of assistance paid for by local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would dramatically shift the costs and tax burden from the federal government to local and state governments if the rule was to go into effect, dramatically increasing the cost for local taxpayers,” said Herrera. “So along with Santa Clara, we felt that it was necessary to file this lawsuit as quickly as possible to ensure that this law does not go into effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a foreign-born population of 39% for Santa Clara, and 36% for San Francisco, the counties have some of the highest proportion of immigrant residents in the state, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to\u003c/a> the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, the counties argue that as immigrants and potentially their loved ones forego Medi-Cal and preventative care, the risks for communicable diseases and other public health threats could increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Trump Administration’s new rule is an unlawful, foolish attack on immigrant communities,” Santa Clara County Counsel James R. Williams said in a statement. “It will hurt all members of our communities by reducing access to critical health and safety-net services that create healthier communities for all of our residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice, and the Department of Homeland Security, which authored the rule, did not return a request for comment. A spokeswoman for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services said the agency does not comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule’s potential impact could be huge in California, home to more than 10 million immigrants, more than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 2.2 million people in California could drop Medi-Cal health coverage or CalFresh nutrition assistance out of fear or misinformation if the rule is implemented, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2018/publiccharge-factsheet-dec2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. The researchers predicted most of those affected would be Latino children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the first versions of the “public charge” rule were leaked to the media last year, some immigrant parents have already given up CalFresh for their U.S. citizen kids, said Steven Knight, with the Alameda County Community Food Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy is intentionally going to increase hunger in America,” said Knight, who directs policy for the food bank. “Pushing people off of those government programs is going to deeply impact food banks across the country including ours. And it’s going to mean more people turning to our really last resort of emergency food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security said the final policy will be published in the Federal Register on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two Bay Area counties on Tuesday sued to block a new Trump administration rule that they say will penalize low-income immigrants seeking to become lawful permanent residents. The lawsuit filed by San Francisco and Santa Clara county is the nation’s first challenge to the policy, which is scheduled to go into effect in mid-October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/08/14/2019-17142/inadmissibility-on-public-charge-grounds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rule\u003c/a>, immigration officers may consider immigrants a “public charge” if they use certain federal public benefits such as food stamps, housing assistance programs and non-emergency Medi-Cal. The designation would weigh against their eligibility to obtain green cards — and eventually become U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, only immigrants who depend on the government for cash assistance or are institutionalized for long-term care at government expense, may be considered a public charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says the new policy aims to protect taxpayer dollars and ensure that only self-sufficient immigrants are eligible for lawful permanent residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera argues that as more immigrants drop critical federal benefits out of fear or confusion, they’ll have to turn to other types of assistance paid for by local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would dramatically shift the costs and tax burden from the federal government to local and state governments if the rule was to go into effect, dramatically increasing the cost for local taxpayers,” said Herrera. “So along with Santa Clara, we felt that it was necessary to file this lawsuit as quickly as possible to ensure that this law does not go into effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a foreign-born population of 39% for Santa Clara, and 36% for San Francisco, the counties have some of the highest proportion of immigrant residents in the state, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to\u003c/a> the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, the counties argue that as immigrants and potentially their loved ones forego Medi-Cal and preventative care, the risks for communicable diseases and other public health threats could increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Trump Administration’s new rule is an unlawful, foolish attack on immigrant communities,” Santa Clara County Counsel James R. Williams said in a statement. “It will hurt all members of our communities by reducing access to critical health and safety-net services that create healthier communities for all of our residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice, and the Department of Homeland Security, which authored the rule, did not return a request for comment. A spokeswoman for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services said the agency does not comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule’s potential impact could be huge in California, home to more than 10 million immigrants, more than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 2.2 million people in California could drop Medi-Cal health coverage or CalFresh nutrition assistance out of fear or misinformation if the rule is implemented, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2018/publiccharge-factsheet-dec2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. The researchers predicted most of those affected would be Latino children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the first versions of the “public charge” rule were leaked to the media last year, some immigrant parents have already given up CalFresh for their U.S. citizen kids, said Steven Knight, with the Alameda County Community Food Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy is intentionally going to increase hunger in America,” said Knight, who directs policy for the food bank. “Pushing people off of those government programs is going to deeply impact food banks across the country including ours. And it’s going to mean more people turning to our really last resort of emergency food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security said the final policy will be published in the Federal Register on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'An Attack on All of Us’: El Paso Shooting Targeting Latinos Stirs Fear in California Communities",
"title": "'An Attack on All of Us’: El Paso Shooting Targeting Latinos Stirs Fear in California Communities",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>After the mass shooting at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, where the gunman \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11766745/police-el-paso-shooting-suspect-said-he-targeted-mexicans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> authorities he was targeting Mexicans, some Latinos in California said they feared for their safety and denounced racial hate fueling such violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Elizabet Reyes, Fresno mother of five']'It’s racial hate, what’s happening.'[/pullquote]Elizabet Reyes, a mother of five who works in the fields outside of Fresno, said she has been scared since the Aug. 3 shooting in El Paso, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/us/el-paso-shooting-mexico-border.html?module=inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the deadliest anti-Latino attack in modern American history\u003c/a>, where 22 people were killed and about two dozen were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying not to go out much, as little as possible, because we don’t know what could happen,” Reyes said last Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say the El Paso gunman targeted Mexican and Mexican American workers and shoppers — most of the dead had Hispanic last names and eight were Mexican nationals. They said he also wrote in a racist manifesto that he was carrying out the attack in “response to the Hispanic invasion of Texas,” The New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/09/us/el-paso-suspect-confession.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes’ oldest daughters watch the news and follow social media. She said they ask her why people are against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell them it’s racism. It’s racial hate, what’s happening,” she said, adding she tells them “not to internalize it, as if we’re bad people. Because we are not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11766648\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11766648\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manuela Calva and her granddaughter Evelyn Gonzalez stand outside the El Super grocery store in Fresno several days after a gunman targeting immigrants killed 22 people at an El Paso Walmart. “It’s an attack on all of us,\" Gonzales said. \"Not just the victims, but all Latinos.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Manuela Calva, who was with her granddaughter, Evelyn Gonzalez, in the parking lot of El Super parking lot — a grocery store in central Fresno, said she had been watching news coverage of the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Miguel Ángel Casillas, owner of Delicias Bakery in Fruitvale']'(The El Paso and Gilroy mass shootings) changed our way of thinking. Going to the mall, grocery shopping — you have to think about it twice. You won't go to a place where you can maybe die.'[/pullquote]“We are worried,\" Calva said. \"Because you don’t know if someone could attack us where there are a lot of people. Like in the mall, right? There is a feeling of insecurity. ... And the kids, the schools, everything. We’re worried.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calva’s granddaughter, Evelyn Gonzalez, said: “It’s an attack on all of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='el-paso-shooting' label='El Paso Shooting']“Not just the victims, but rather all Latinos, not just Mexicans,” she added. “And also all of the people who love us who are not Mexican.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people have contemplated getting a gun for safety, like Maira Sosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The person who has a gun, nothing happens to them,\" said Sosa, who was shopping with her daughter at El Super. \"But they’re safe because they have one. Is the other person not safe because he does not have a gun? You don’t know whether to ask for there to be more guns, or no guns at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Sosa doesn’t think having a gun is a realistic solution and worried about the example it would set for her kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767008\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11767008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/Image-from-iOS-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Miguel Ángel Casillas, owner of Delicias Bakery in Oakland, sees the fear within the Latino community from behind the counter of his business. \u003ccite>(Vianey Alderete Contreras)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Similar concerns and fears were found among residents of Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood, a community that is about 50% Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Evelyn Gonzalez of Fresno']'It’s an attack on all of us.'[/pullquote]Miguel Ángel Casillas, owner of Delicias Bakery, has seen the impact on the community: “People are frightened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(The El Paso and Gilroy mass shootings) changed our way of thinking. Going to the mall, grocery shopping — you have to think about it twice. You won't go to a place where you can maybe die,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked how he has coped with the attacks and if he has taken the time to lift his spirits, he said his family now avoids such public places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11766996\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11766996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/Image-from-iOS-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Juarez at the food court where he works. He says his fears are different from those of his parents since they migrated to the United States from Mexico when they were older. \u003ccite>(Vianey Alderete Contreras/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='gilroy-shooting' label='Gilroy Shooting']The current sentiment of Latinos in the Bay Area can depend on people's identity and relationship with their heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Placing pan dulce at the glass display of the bakery where he works, David Juarez said that because he was born in the U.S., the attacks did not feel as personal. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the mass shooting at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, where the gunman \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11766745/police-el-paso-shooting-suspect-said-he-targeted-mexicans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> authorities he was targeting Mexicans, some Latinos in California said they feared for their safety and denounced racial hate fueling such violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Elizabet Reyes, a mother of five who works in the fields outside of Fresno, said she has been scared since the Aug. 3 shooting in El Paso, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/us/el-paso-shooting-mexico-border.html?module=inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the deadliest anti-Latino attack in modern American history\u003c/a>, where 22 people were killed and about two dozen were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying not to go out much, as little as possible, because we don’t know what could happen,” Reyes said last Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say the El Paso gunman targeted Mexican and Mexican American workers and shoppers — most of the dead had Hispanic last names and eight were Mexican nationals. They said he also wrote in a racist manifesto that he was carrying out the attack in “response to the Hispanic invasion of Texas,” The New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/09/us/el-paso-suspect-confession.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes’ oldest daughters watch the news and follow social media. She said they ask her why people are against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell them it’s racism. It’s racial hate, what’s happening,” she said, adding she tells them “not to internalize it, as if we’re bad people. Because we are not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11766648\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11766648\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38464_IMG-7930-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manuela Calva and her granddaughter Evelyn Gonzalez stand outside the El Super grocery store in Fresno several days after a gunman targeting immigrants killed 22 people at an El Paso Walmart. “It’s an attack on all of us,\" Gonzales said. \"Not just the victims, but all Latinos.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Manuela Calva, who was with her granddaughter, Evelyn Gonzalez, in the parking lot of El Super parking lot — a grocery store in central Fresno, said she had been watching news coverage of the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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