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"disqusTitle": "Despite Findings of 'Negligent' Care, ICE to Expand Troubled California Detention Center",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>When a government expert in mental health visited one of the largest immigration detention centers in the U.S. in 2017, she knew the conditions that detainees there sometimes face. A past inspection had found that staff often failed to obtain adequate mental health histories, leading to faulty diagnoses and, in some cases, treatment plans that were incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Report from Department of Homeland Security's Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\"]'Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement processing center in Adelanto, California, a similar pattern emerged. One detainee she observed had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When she asked an officer about him, she was told that the man \"floods his cell, bangs his head.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She searched the man's medical chart for records from his recent stay at an inpatient psychiatric unit, but they appeared to be missing. He had been placed in what the government refers to as \"segregation,\" a term known more commonly as solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the expert found, he was suffering from \"active auditory hallucinations.\" Moreover, they appeared to worsening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to be alone,\" he told the expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainee's case is detailed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously confidential report\u003c/a> on the Adelanto facility obtained by NPR. Despite the report's findings — and repeated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653802676/dhs-watchdog-trump-administration-wasnt-ready-for-family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scathing criticism\u003c/a> of the facility from the federal government's own internal watchdogs — ICE decided at the end of 2019 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renew \u003c/a>and expand a contract to keep the Adelanto facility open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report dates to late 2017, but attorneys and advocates say the problems identified in the report have persisted. ICE declined to respond to specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other detention centers, the Adelanto facility is operated by a for-profit company — in this case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/FacilityDetail/FacilityID/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the GEO Group\u003c/a>. The U.S. government is GEO's single biggest customer, and the company has made nearly $1 billion in federal contracts over the past 12 months, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaspending.gov/#/recipient/b5424b33-e5dd-0b6e-cce2-fc25f764206d-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's business has been threatened by a new California law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely bans\u003c/a> for-profit companies from operating prisons and immigration detention facilities in the state. Findings of inadequate care and treatment of detainees at the Adelanto facility and others were a driving force behind that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by signing the new 15-year contract before the law could take effect, GEO and the Trump administration effectively circumvented the state of California until 2034. (GEO has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the state in federal court, arguing that the California law is unconstitutional.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys for immigrants say the new contract — which also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html#document/p18/a541728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expands \u003c/a>the Adelanto facility by more than 700 detention beds — demonstrates how ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690690056/ice-failed-to-hold-detention-center-contractors-accountable-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fails to hold contractors accountable \u003c/a>for major problems in immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their concerns are echoed in the report obtained by NPR from the Department of Homeland Security's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/office-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\u003c/a>, an internal oversight office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the report's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The facility failed to meet ICE's own standards for using solitary confinement. One detainee, for instance, cumulatively spent nearly 2 1/2 years in solitary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Staff used pepper spray on immigrants held in detention but did not follow best practices when it came time to remove the spray from detainees — in some cases their efforts intensified the painful \"burning effect.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It was \"more likely than not\" that problems with medical care \"contributed to medical injuries, including bone deformities and detainee deaths.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>And government experts were so alarmed that they recommended \"immediately\" transferring \"at-risk\" detainees to another facility to protect their health and safety.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The expert DHS inspectors found that, in several cases, ICE and GEO had been either unwilling or unable to fix problems despite repeated warnings over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's findings provide a window into the types of challenges presented by the Trump administration's push to detain more immigrants who are awaiting asylum hearings or deportation proceedings. Under the president's hard-line immigration policies, the number of immigrants in detention has grown to all-time highs, with private companies like GEO playing a central role in that system. While defenders say the crackdown is needed to help stem what they call a crisis on the southern border, immigration advocates say the growing reliance on detention has stretched an already troubled system to the breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'These Reports Never See the Light of Day'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NPR has sought records regarding the facility for more than a year and obtained this report under the Freedom of Information Act. Sources familiar with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties say such reports almost always remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, these reports never see the light of day,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/about/people/nick-schwellenbach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nick Schwellenbach\u003c/a>, a senior investigator with the nonprofit watchdog group Project on Government Oversight, or POGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2019, POGO \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/09/confidential-report-warned-ice-of-inhumane-use-of-solitary-confinement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a version\u003c/a> of the report after filing a public records lawsuit. But the government had more heavily redacted critical findings and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of confounding why they withheld some of this information [from us],\" says Schwellenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for GEO said the company would \"defer to ICE\" on any response to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori K. Haley, a spokesperson for ICE, also declined to comment on specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Haley wrote, \"The safety, rights and health of detainees in ICE's care are of paramount concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she noted, the agency \"either did not concur or only partially concurred with roughly half their recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haley declined to say which recommendations ICE agreed with and why, or what actions the agency took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers, who regularly visit the facility and represent detainees there, say they have seen little evidence that ICE or GEO has followed through on the recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have reason to believe that many of these reports are being taken as seriously as they should by the facility or by ICE,\" says Pilar Gonzalez of the nonprofit Disability Rights California, which advocates for detainees at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, says the issues identified in the report have persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE does not demand any sort of accountability from the contractors or force any changes or improvements,\" says Jordan, who is representing current and former Adelanto detainees in a \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead, they get rewarded to keep on keeping on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'No Correction Was Made'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Adelanto ICE Processing Center holds nearly 2,000 adult detainees, most of whom have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike prison, immigration detention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not meant as punishment\u003c/a>. The government holds people in detention while deciding their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2017, the authors of the report — three DHS experts in health care, corrections and mental health — traveled to Adelanto, California, to inspect the ICE detention facility after a series of complaints. The names of the experts are redacted in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three experts found major problems, but the most serious findings in the documents obtained by NPR come from the report on health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the medical care at the Adelanto facility is inadequate\" and does not meet federal standards, the report found, citing \"incompetent clinical medical leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"adelanto\"]The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties had previously visited the facility in 2015 under the Obama administration and detailed \"negligent\" medical care at that time. But rather than seeing improvements in 2017, the experts found that medical care had gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No correction was made,\" the report states, noting that the number of complaints around detainee medical care had actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical expert cites multiple examples of poor medical care, including long delays in appointments for broken bones and a failure to provide needed antibiotics and other medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least one case, a detainee's death was \"likely related\" to failures by the facility's medical staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the expert recommended a drastic measure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At-risk detainees must be immediately removed from the facility (transferred to another facility with a well-functioning medical program).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the problems at the facility, the expert defined \"at-risk\" as any detainee with a chronic medical problem like diabetes, as well as any detainee over 55 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that there's no indication that ICE or GEO actually followed this recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to say whether it made changes to its medical staff in the wake of the report or transferred detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Allegations of 'Verbal Harassment' and 'Retaliation'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The allegations against the Adelanto facility went beyond medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect,\" the report found. Leadership \"must hold facility staff accountable for substantiated abusive and disrespectful treatment of the detainees,\" the report went on, noting that this problem had not been addressed after previous inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another instance, detainees alleged even harsher measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, a group of asylum-seekers from Central America went on hunger strike to protest conditions at the facility. When the group locked arms and refused to move, staff used pepper spray and physically removed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corrections expert found that the use of pepper spray was \"appropriate given the circumstances.\" But the expert saw a significant problem with the staff's subsequent actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mace.com/blogs/pepper-spray-tips/how-to-get-pepper-spray-out-of-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold water\u003c/a> is recommended to safely decontaminate pepper spray. But, the corrections expert found, \"The facility does not have any access to cold water. The facility only provides a mix of cold and hot water through a shower head.\" The expert warned that \"warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group of hunger strikers was placed in showers, they described \"writhing\" in pain as the water reactivated the spray. One detainee, Marvin Josue Grande Rodriguez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p315/a543317\">said\u003c/a> that he fainted in the shower, because \"the gas and the heat of the water ... It was far too much for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the use of a hot shower was a \"significant issue\" and concluded that the facility \"must provide access to a cold-water shower\" in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a lawsuit filed by the group of hunger strikers, lawyers for GEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584122-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-1.html#document/p32/a541096\">said \u003c/a>that water \"does reactivate the tingling sensation\" from pepper spray but that it was \"necessary to remove the spray\" and was not intended to cause pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because ICE and GEO declined to answer specific questions, it's unclear if they followed the recommendation on cold-water showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that they were unsure whether any changes had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is clear that the facility staff continue to use pepper spray. ICE statistics show that pepper spray has been used more than 25 times since the 2017 inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An 'Inhumane' Use of Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the government's experts found that the Adelanto facility was failing to meet federal standards for solitary confinement — known in ICE's bureaucratic language as \"segregation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the report found that GEO Group staff had \"no current strategy\" when it came to long-term use of solitary confinement and that people were suffering as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, inspectors found, a detainee was held in a \"Special Management Unit,\" or SMU, for 426 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No detainee should be held in the SMU for this amount of time,\" the report states. \"Isolation alone can create physical safety concerns and can result in mental decompensation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expert inspectors were especially critical of the use of solitary confinement for immigrants with serious mental disorders. They found that about a third of the detainees held in solitary had a \"serious mental illness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of multiple stays, one detainee logged 904 days — or nearly 2 1/2 years — in solitary confinement, which the report calls \"shockingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts found that some detainees with serious mental illness were put in solitary confinement simply because it was the only available space where they could be closely watched. The report called that practice \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p32/a542928\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inhumane\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If strategies are not developed,\" the report warned, \"the mental health and other long-term detainee cases will continue to decompensate, and the population of the SMU will continue to grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to NPR, an ICE spokesperson wrote that the agency \"is compliant\" with agency standards on the use of solitary confinement, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-reform/pdf/segregation_directive.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directive \u003c/a>from 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, critics of ICE say that is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have these experts ... essentially screaming from the rooftops, 'You need to fix this problem!' \" says Schwellenbach of POGO, which has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/08/isolated-ice-confines-some-detainees-with-mental-illness-in-solitary-for-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigated \u003c/a>the use of solitary confinement in ICE detention. \"There's solutions that they're actually putting forward, but they're being ignored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Oversight of Immigration Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state of California has repeatedly clashed with the Trump administration over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of California Sen. Kamala Harris, a former Democratic presidential candidate and former state attorney general, reviewed the documents obtained by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unconscionable to subject detained persons to inhumane conditions,\" Harris's office said in a statement, \"including issues arising from insufficient medical care as well as prolonged isolation and detention at immigrant detention facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticism of conditions at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center by Harris and others was one factor that led to the recent California \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-prisons/california-bans-private-prisons-and-immigration-detention-centers-idUSKBN1WQ2Q9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law\u003c/a>, largely banning the use of private contractors in prison and immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"State laws aimed at obstructing federal law enforcement are inappropriate and harmful,\" ICE's Haley wrote to NPR. \"Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their lawsuit against the state, GEO argues that the law is a \"transparent attempt by the State to shut down the Federal Government's detention efforts within California's borders\" and \"a direct assault on the supremacy of federal law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Assemblyman Rob Bonta, who championed the law, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RobBontaCA/status/1212030778525138945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the lawsuit was, \"Exactly what you'd expect fr[om] a collapsing industry in its final death throes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full internal report \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Despite+Findings+Of+%27Negligent%27+Care%2C+ICE+To+Expand+Troubled+Calif.+Detention+Center&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When a government expert in mental health visited one of the largest immigration detention centers in the U.S. in 2017, she knew the conditions that detainees there sometimes face. A past inspection had found that staff often failed to obtain adequate mental health histories, leading to faulty diagnoses and, in some cases, treatment plans that were incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement processing center in Adelanto, California, a similar pattern emerged. One detainee she observed had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When she asked an officer about him, she was told that the man \"floods his cell, bangs his head.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She searched the man's medical chart for records from his recent stay at an inpatient psychiatric unit, but they appeared to be missing. He had been placed in what the government refers to as \"segregation,\" a term known more commonly as solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the expert found, he was suffering from \"active auditory hallucinations.\" Moreover, they appeared to worsening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to be alone,\" he told the expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainee's case is detailed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously confidential report\u003c/a> on the Adelanto facility obtained by NPR. Despite the report's findings — and repeated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653802676/dhs-watchdog-trump-administration-wasnt-ready-for-family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scathing criticism\u003c/a> of the facility from the federal government's own internal watchdogs — ICE decided at the end of 2019 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renew \u003c/a>and expand a contract to keep the Adelanto facility open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report dates to late 2017, but attorneys and advocates say the problems identified in the report have persisted. ICE declined to respond to specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other detention centers, the Adelanto facility is operated by a for-profit company — in this case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/FacilityDetail/FacilityID/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the GEO Group\u003c/a>. The U.S. government is GEO's single biggest customer, and the company has made nearly $1 billion in federal contracts over the past 12 months, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaspending.gov/#/recipient/b5424b33-e5dd-0b6e-cce2-fc25f764206d-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's business has been threatened by a new California law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely bans\u003c/a> for-profit companies from operating prisons and immigration detention facilities in the state. Findings of inadequate care and treatment of detainees at the Adelanto facility and others were a driving force behind that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by signing the new 15-year contract before the law could take effect, GEO and the Trump administration effectively circumvented the state of California until 2034. (GEO has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the state in federal court, arguing that the California law is unconstitutional.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys for immigrants say the new contract — which also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html#document/p18/a541728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expands \u003c/a>the Adelanto facility by more than 700 detention beds — demonstrates how ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690690056/ice-failed-to-hold-detention-center-contractors-accountable-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fails to hold contractors accountable \u003c/a>for major problems in immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their concerns are echoed in the report obtained by NPR from the Department of Homeland Security's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/office-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\u003c/a>, an internal oversight office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the report's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The facility failed to meet ICE's own standards for using solitary confinement. One detainee, for instance, cumulatively spent nearly 2 1/2 years in solitary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Staff used pepper spray on immigrants held in detention but did not follow best practices when it came time to remove the spray from detainees — in some cases their efforts intensified the painful \"burning effect.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It was \"more likely than not\" that problems with medical care \"contributed to medical injuries, including bone deformities and detainee deaths.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>And government experts were so alarmed that they recommended \"immediately\" transferring \"at-risk\" detainees to another facility to protect their health and safety.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The expert DHS inspectors found that, in several cases, ICE and GEO had been either unwilling or unable to fix problems despite repeated warnings over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's findings provide a window into the types of challenges presented by the Trump administration's push to detain more immigrants who are awaiting asylum hearings or deportation proceedings. Under the president's hard-line immigration policies, the number of immigrants in detention has grown to all-time highs, with private companies like GEO playing a central role in that system. While defenders say the crackdown is needed to help stem what they call a crisis on the southern border, immigration advocates say the growing reliance on detention has stretched an already troubled system to the breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'These Reports Never See the Light of Day'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NPR has sought records regarding the facility for more than a year and obtained this report under the Freedom of Information Act. Sources familiar with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties say such reports almost always remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, these reports never see the light of day,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/about/people/nick-schwellenbach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nick Schwellenbach\u003c/a>, a senior investigator with the nonprofit watchdog group Project on Government Oversight, or POGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2019, POGO \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/09/confidential-report-warned-ice-of-inhumane-use-of-solitary-confinement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a version\u003c/a> of the report after filing a public records lawsuit. But the government had more heavily redacted critical findings and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of confounding why they withheld some of this information [from us],\" says Schwellenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for GEO said the company would \"defer to ICE\" on any response to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori K. Haley, a spokesperson for ICE, also declined to comment on specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Haley wrote, \"The safety, rights and health of detainees in ICE's care are of paramount concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she noted, the agency \"either did not concur or only partially concurred with roughly half their recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haley declined to say which recommendations ICE agreed with and why, or what actions the agency took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers, who regularly visit the facility and represent detainees there, say they have seen little evidence that ICE or GEO has followed through on the recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have reason to believe that many of these reports are being taken as seriously as they should by the facility or by ICE,\" says Pilar Gonzalez of the nonprofit Disability Rights California, which advocates for detainees at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, says the issues identified in the report have persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE does not demand any sort of accountability from the contractors or force any changes or improvements,\" says Jordan, who is representing current and former Adelanto detainees in a \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead, they get rewarded to keep on keeping on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'No Correction Was Made'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Adelanto ICE Processing Center holds nearly 2,000 adult detainees, most of whom have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike prison, immigration detention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not meant as punishment\u003c/a>. The government holds people in detention while deciding their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2017, the authors of the report — three DHS experts in health care, corrections and mental health — traveled to Adelanto, California, to inspect the ICE detention facility after a series of complaints. The names of the experts are redacted in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three experts found major problems, but the most serious findings in the documents obtained by NPR come from the report on health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the medical care at the Adelanto facility is inadequate\" and does not meet federal standards, the report found, citing \"incompetent clinical medical leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties had previously visited the facility in 2015 under the Obama administration and detailed \"negligent\" medical care at that time. But rather than seeing improvements in 2017, the experts found that medical care had gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No correction was made,\" the report states, noting that the number of complaints around detainee medical care had actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical expert cites multiple examples of poor medical care, including long delays in appointments for broken bones and a failure to provide needed antibiotics and other medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least one case, a detainee's death was \"likely related\" to failures by the facility's medical staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the expert recommended a drastic measure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At-risk detainees must be immediately removed from the facility (transferred to another facility with a well-functioning medical program).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the problems at the facility, the expert defined \"at-risk\" as any detainee with a chronic medical problem like diabetes, as well as any detainee over 55 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that there's no indication that ICE or GEO actually followed this recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to say whether it made changes to its medical staff in the wake of the report or transferred detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Allegations of 'Verbal Harassment' and 'Retaliation'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The allegations against the Adelanto facility went beyond medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect,\" the report found. Leadership \"must hold facility staff accountable for substantiated abusive and disrespectful treatment of the detainees,\" the report went on, noting that this problem had not been addressed after previous inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another instance, detainees alleged even harsher measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, a group of asylum-seekers from Central America went on hunger strike to protest conditions at the facility. When the group locked arms and refused to move, staff used pepper spray and physically removed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corrections expert found that the use of pepper spray was \"appropriate given the circumstances.\" But the expert saw a significant problem with the staff's subsequent actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mace.com/blogs/pepper-spray-tips/how-to-get-pepper-spray-out-of-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold water\u003c/a> is recommended to safely decontaminate pepper spray. But, the corrections expert found, \"The facility does not have any access to cold water. The facility only provides a mix of cold and hot water through a shower head.\" The expert warned that \"warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group of hunger strikers was placed in showers, they described \"writhing\" in pain as the water reactivated the spray. One detainee, Marvin Josue Grande Rodriguez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p315/a543317\">said\u003c/a> that he fainted in the shower, because \"the gas and the heat of the water ... It was far too much for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the use of a hot shower was a \"significant issue\" and concluded that the facility \"must provide access to a cold-water shower\" in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a lawsuit filed by the group of hunger strikers, lawyers for GEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584122-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-1.html#document/p32/a541096\">said \u003c/a>that water \"does reactivate the tingling sensation\" from pepper spray but that it was \"necessary to remove the spray\" and was not intended to cause pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because ICE and GEO declined to answer specific questions, it's unclear if they followed the recommendation on cold-water showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that they were unsure whether any changes had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is clear that the facility staff continue to use pepper spray. ICE statistics show that pepper spray has been used more than 25 times since the 2017 inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An 'Inhumane' Use of Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the government's experts found that the Adelanto facility was failing to meet federal standards for solitary confinement — known in ICE's bureaucratic language as \"segregation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the report found that GEO Group staff had \"no current strategy\" when it came to long-term use of solitary confinement and that people were suffering as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, inspectors found, a detainee was held in a \"Special Management Unit,\" or SMU, for 426 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No detainee should be held in the SMU for this amount of time,\" the report states. \"Isolation alone can create physical safety concerns and can result in mental decompensation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expert inspectors were especially critical of the use of solitary confinement for immigrants with serious mental disorders. They found that about a third of the detainees held in solitary had a \"serious mental illness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of multiple stays, one detainee logged 904 days — or nearly 2 1/2 years — in solitary confinement, which the report calls \"shockingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts found that some detainees with serious mental illness were put in solitary confinement simply because it was the only available space where they could be closely watched. The report called that practice \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p32/a542928\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inhumane\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If strategies are not developed,\" the report warned, \"the mental health and other long-term detainee cases will continue to decompensate, and the population of the SMU will continue to grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to NPR, an ICE spokesperson wrote that the agency \"is compliant\" with agency standards on the use of solitary confinement, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-reform/pdf/segregation_directive.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directive \u003c/a>from 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, critics of ICE say that is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have these experts ... essentially screaming from the rooftops, 'You need to fix this problem!' \" says Schwellenbach of POGO, which has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/08/isolated-ice-confines-some-detainees-with-mental-illness-in-solitary-for-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigated \u003c/a>the use of solitary confinement in ICE detention. \"There's solutions that they're actually putting forward, but they're being ignored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Oversight of Immigration Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state of California has repeatedly clashed with the Trump administration over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of California Sen. Kamala Harris, a former Democratic presidential candidate and former state attorney general, reviewed the documents obtained by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unconscionable to subject detained persons to inhumane conditions,\" Harris's office said in a statement, \"including issues arising from insufficient medical care as well as prolonged isolation and detention at immigrant detention facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticism of conditions at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center by Harris and others was one factor that led to the recent California \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-prisons/california-bans-private-prisons-and-immigration-detention-centers-idUSKBN1WQ2Q9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law\u003c/a>, largely banning the use of private contractors in prison and immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"State laws aimed at obstructing federal law enforcement are inappropriate and harmful,\" ICE's Haley wrote to NPR. \"Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their lawsuit against the state, GEO argues that the law is a \"transparent attempt by the State to shut down the Federal Government's detention efforts within California's borders\" and \"a direct assault on the supremacy of federal law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Assemblyman Rob Bonta, who championed the law, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RobBontaCA/status/1212030778525138945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the lawsuit was, \"Exactly what you'd expect fr[om] a collapsing industry in its final death throes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full internal report \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Despite+Findings+Of+%27Negligent%27+Care%2C+ICE+To+Expand+Troubled+Calif.+Detention+Center&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 6:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House of Representatives has delivered articles of impeachment against President Trump to the Senate, which is expected to begin a trial next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in the day, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/794256540\">named seven Democratic members of Congress\u003c/a> as the managers who will argue the case for impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those managers carried the articles to the Senate on Wednesday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is at stake here is the Constitution of the United States,\" Pelosi said in a press conference announcing the managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi appointed Reps. Adam Schiff, Jerry Nadler, Zoe Lofgren, Val Demings, Hakeem Jeffries, Sylvia Garcia and Jason Crow. Pelosi said Schiff will take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\"]'This is as serious as it gets for any of us.'[/pullquote]\"The emphasis is on litigators. The emphasis is on comfort level in the courtroom. The emphasis is making the strongest possible case to protect and defend our Constitution, to seek the truth for the American people,\" Pelosi said in a Wednesday press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House voted earlier in the day on a resolution to transmit the articles and confirm the impeachment managers. It was 228-193, largely along party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is as serious as it gets for any of us,\" Pelosi said on the House floor. But House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., called impeachment \"a blunder\" and \"not a moment this body should be proud of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven managers bring a diverse range of experience. Schiff and Nadler led the impeachment process in the House. Lofgren is taking part in her third impeachment process; she was a staffer when the House Judiciary Committee voted out articles of impeachment against President Richard Nixon, and a committee member during President Bill Clinton's and Trump's impeachment. Demings is a former Orlando chief of police and is also a member of the House Intelligence Committee; Garcia is a former Houston municipal judge; Jeffries is a former corporate lawyer; and Crow is a former Army Ranger who served in Iraq and Afghanistan and was a co-author of a letter making the case for Congress to begin impeachment proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/794256540\">Read more about the managers here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SpeakerPelosi/status/1217464494668091394?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1217464494668091394&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F01%2F15%2F796240568%2Fhouse-set-to-vote-to-send-trump-impeachment-articles-to-senate\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abuse of power, obstruction of Congress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi accused Trump of using the congressional appropriations process \"as his private ATM machine to grant or withhold funds granted by Congress in order to advance his personal and political advantage,\" referencing the White House's hold on defense aid to Ukraine even though the funds had been appropriated by Congress. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's defenders argue the money was held up because of concerns over political corruption in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's actions come a month after the House approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">two articles of impeachment against the president\u003c/a>, charging him with abusing the powers of his office by attempting to pressure the government of Ukraine to investigate potential political opponent Joe Biden and his son's activities there and with obstructing Congress by refusing to cooperate in its investigation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump denies any wrongdoing and has excoriated the process. The White House reiterated its position following the House's vote on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are the weakest articles of impeachment that have ever been passed,\" a senior administration official told reporters on a background call. The official said there was no violation of law listed among the articles of impeachment. \"We think these articles fail on their face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeking a fair trial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the formal handover, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell takes the reins from Pelosi. He is establishing rules for the trial that his chamber will vote on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham said on Wednesday that Trump \"looks forward to having the due process rights in the Senate that Speaker Pelosi and House Democrats denied to him, and expects to be fully exonerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact ground rules for Trump's trial remain unclear. Democrats have demanded that the Senate call additional witnesses, potentially including former national security adviser John Bolton, who has said he is willing to testify if subpoenaed. But McConnell has resisted, saying Tuesday that the \"more contentious issue\" of calling witnesses will be addressed later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Senate is on trial as well as the president,\" Nadler said after being named one of the House impeachment managers. \"Does the Senate conduct a trial according to the Constitution, to vindicate the republic, or does the Senate participate in the president's crimes by covering them up?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0i5ox1OoW6Y\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell has sought to adhere to the procedure established in the Clinton impeachment trial in 1998, which allowed for a vote to dismiss the charges, as well as a vote on hearing additional testimony once opening arguments were made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has sought to have the Senate dismiss the charges, arguing that he did nothing wrong, but McConnell said Tuesday, \"There is little to no sentiment in the Republican conference for a motion to dismiss.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next steps ahead of the trial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the impeachment managers are expected to read \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6656690-Impeachment-Managers-Resolution\">the House resolution that appointed them\u003c/a> as well as the articles of impeachment in full – on the Senate floor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"impeachment\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]Later in the day, Chief Justice John Roberts, who will preside over the trial, will be sworn in by Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa — Senate president pro tempore. Roberts would then swear in all 100 senators as jurors. After this, the president is summoned and given time to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next Tuesday, McConnell plans to have the Senate vote on rules for the trial. Then he says, the trial will begin \"in earnest.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior administration official told reporters on Wednesday that the trial is unlikely to last longer than two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Republicans holding a 53-47 majority in the Senate, and 67 votes necessary to convict Trump, it is almost certain the president will be acquitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressional proceedings mark just the third time in U.S. history that a president will be tried and face potential removal from office by the Senate. Presidents Andrew Johnson and Clinton were acquitted by the Senate after impeachment by the House. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=House+Impeachment+Managers+Deliver+Articles+To+The+Senate&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The lawmakers hand-delivered the articles after a party-line House vote. The process is now fully with the Senate, which is expected to begin its trial next week.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 6:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House of Representatives has delivered articles of impeachment against President Trump to the Senate, which is expected to begin a trial next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in the day, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/794256540\">named seven Democratic members of Congress\u003c/a> as the managers who will argue the case for impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those managers carried the articles to the Senate on Wednesday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is at stake here is the Constitution of the United States,\" Pelosi said in a press conference announcing the managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi appointed Reps. Adam Schiff, Jerry Nadler, Zoe Lofgren, Val Demings, Hakeem Jeffries, Sylvia Garcia and Jason Crow. Pelosi said Schiff will take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"The emphasis is on litigators. The emphasis is on comfort level in the courtroom. The emphasis is making the strongest possible case to protect and defend our Constitution, to seek the truth for the American people,\" Pelosi said in a Wednesday press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House voted earlier in the day on a resolution to transmit the articles and confirm the impeachment managers. It was 228-193, largely along party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is as serious as it gets for any of us,\" Pelosi said on the House floor. But House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., called impeachment \"a blunder\" and \"not a moment this body should be proud of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven managers bring a diverse range of experience. Schiff and Nadler led the impeachment process in the House. Lofgren is taking part in her third impeachment process; she was a staffer when the House Judiciary Committee voted out articles of impeachment against President Richard Nixon, and a committee member during President Bill Clinton's and Trump's impeachment. Demings is a former Orlando chief of police and is also a member of the House Intelligence Committee; Garcia is a former Houston municipal judge; Jeffries is a former corporate lawyer; and Crow is a former Army Ranger who served in Iraq and Afghanistan and was a co-author of a letter making the case for Congress to begin impeachment proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/794256540\">Read more about the managers here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abuse of power, obstruction of Congress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi accused Trump of using the congressional appropriations process \"as his private ATM machine to grant or withhold funds granted by Congress in order to advance his personal and political advantage,\" referencing the White House's hold on defense aid to Ukraine even though the funds had been appropriated by Congress. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's defenders argue the money was held up because of concerns over political corruption in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's actions come a month after the House approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">two articles of impeachment against the president\u003c/a>, charging him with abusing the powers of his office by attempting to pressure the government of Ukraine to investigate potential political opponent Joe Biden and his son's activities there and with obstructing Congress by refusing to cooperate in its investigation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump denies any wrongdoing and has excoriated the process. The White House reiterated its position following the House's vote on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are the weakest articles of impeachment that have ever been passed,\" a senior administration official told reporters on a background call. The official said there was no violation of law listed among the articles of impeachment. \"We think these articles fail on their face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeking a fair trial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the formal handover, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell takes the reins from Pelosi. He is establishing rules for the trial that his chamber will vote on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham said on Wednesday that Trump \"looks forward to having the due process rights in the Senate that Speaker Pelosi and House Democrats denied to him, and expects to be fully exonerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact ground rules for Trump's trial remain unclear. Democrats have demanded that the Senate call additional witnesses, potentially including former national security adviser John Bolton, who has said he is willing to testify if subpoenaed. But McConnell has resisted, saying Tuesday that the \"more contentious issue\" of calling witnesses will be addressed later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Senate is on trial as well as the president,\" Nadler said after being named one of the House impeachment managers. \"Does the Senate conduct a trial according to the Constitution, to vindicate the republic, or does the Senate participate in the president's crimes by covering them up?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/0i5ox1OoW6Y'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/0i5ox1OoW6Y'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>McConnell has sought to adhere to the procedure established in the Clinton impeachment trial in 1998, which allowed for a vote to dismiss the charges, as well as a vote on hearing additional testimony once opening arguments were made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has sought to have the Senate dismiss the charges, arguing that he did nothing wrong, but McConnell said Tuesday, \"There is little to no sentiment in the Republican conference for a motion to dismiss.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next steps ahead of the trial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the impeachment managers are expected to read \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6656690-Impeachment-Managers-Resolution\">the House resolution that appointed them\u003c/a> as well as the articles of impeachment in full – on the Senate floor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Later in the day, Chief Justice John Roberts, who will preside over the trial, will be sworn in by Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa — Senate president pro tempore. Roberts would then swear in all 100 senators as jurors. After this, the president is summoned and given time to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next Tuesday, McConnell plans to have the Senate vote on rules for the trial. Then he says, the trial will begin \"in earnest.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior administration official told reporters on Wednesday that the trial is unlikely to last longer than two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Republicans holding a 53-47 majority in the Senate, and 67 votes necessary to convict Trump, it is almost certain the president will be acquitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressional proceedings mark just the third time in U.S. history that a president will be tried and face potential removal from office by the Senate. Presidents Andrew Johnson and Clinton were acquitted by the Senate after impeachment by the House. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=House+Impeachment+Managers+Deliver+Articles+To+The+Senate&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "sonoma-county-supes-to-consider-buying-houses-for-some-homeless-on-santa-rosa-trail",
"title": "Sonoma County Considers Buying Houses for Some Homeless on Santa Rosa Trail",
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"headTitle": "Sonoma County Considers Buying Houses for Some Homeless on Santa Rosa Trail | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Charles Gibson pushes a shopping cart towards his soggy tent on a tenuous patch of a grassy drainage ditch along a bike trail in Santa Rosa. He’s one of nearly 200 people living in a sprawling camp here that has sprung up along a popular recreation corridor. It’s a community, Gibson says, that often feels caught between opposing forces who aren’t always listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, they [local officials] want us to be able to govern ourselves, but they are not giving us the tools we need,” Gibson says. “They don’t want you hiding, but they don’t want you in their face, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sonoma County Supervisor Lynda Hopkins\"]‘I never thought that I would drive past a mile-long shantytown on my way to work. And yet, that’s the reality that we’re facing right now in Sonoma County.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across California and other parts of the country, these growing homeless encampments evoke shantytown “Hoovervilles,” where hundreds of thousands of destitute Americans lived during the Great Depression. The encampments are frustrating residents, raising health and safety fears and fueling a debate over poverty and inequality in one of the nation’s wealthiest states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fight over the encampment in Sonoma County’s Santa Rosa underscores the challenges of finding a lasting solution to the growing crisis. Amid a growing chorus of outrage at filthy, unsanitary conditions and the presence of rats and used drug needles, the camp has divided locals and even prompted an effort to recall a local politician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never thought that I would drive past a mile-long shantytown on my way to work. And yet, that’s the reality that we’re facing right now in Sonoma County\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong>” said county \u003ca href=\"http://lyndaforsupervisor.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Supervisor Lynda Hopkins\u003c/a>, whose district includes the encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, makeshift tarp, tent and pallet “homes” have filled a stretch of the paved Joe Rodota bike trail that sides right next to Highway 12, a major commuter artery into Santa Rosa, the county seat. Now, the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors is considering purchasing three homes to house some of the people who live on the trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s incredibly challenging,” Hopkins said, noting she gets scores of emails each day from frustrated, alarmed and angry constituents. “I also get emails of people who are just heartbroken at seeing the level of suffering — people freezing cold, living in a tent in the rain with no access to running water or electricity or sewer services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11794599 label='expanded statewide efforts' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/newsom-1020x681.jpg\"]\u003cbr>\nWhile homelessness is a hard-to-fix national problem, it is particularly severe in California. The state’s homeless population \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792743/hud-report-2-7-uptick-in-nations-homeless-population-due-to-california-spike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jumped 16% in the last year\u003c/a>. California has the \u003ca href=\"https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Tent_City_USA_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest number of tent cities\u003c/a>, according to a report by the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty. And according to a \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2019-AHAR-Part-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report \u003c/a>by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, California’s homeless population accounts for 53% of all unsheltered people in the country. Overall, the state has more than 150,000 people experiencing homelessness, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the growing crisis, Gov. Gavin Newsom recently proposed more than $1.4 billion in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11795344/newsom-zeroes-in-on-education-gaps-homelessness-and-wildfires-in-state-budget\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new budget \u003c/a>for expanded state and local efforts on immediate housing and services. Some $750 million of that would be placed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/08/794687084/california-governor-pushes-1-4-billion-plan-to-tackle-homelessness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">special fund\u003c/a> to pay the rent of people facing homelessness and to jump-start the construction of more affordable housing. The first-term Democrat has also ordered state agencies to do more to help find temporary sites — including decommissioned hospitals or unused land — for the state’s expanding homeless encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the state, residents are demanding robust coordinated action on what has now become a public health crisis. There are rising concerns about health and safety problems inside the encampments, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/2016-18CAOutbreakAssociatedDrugUseHomelessness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disease\u003c/a>, open drug use, violence, crime and fire risks. In Los Angeles County alone, the death rate for homeless has risen steadily for years and\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/30/homeless-deaths-los-angeles-county\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in 2018 topped 1,000\u003c/a> — about three deaths a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11795792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11795792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/img_0429_wide-8877d569f0e7e253f13298d445a54627274c2c58-e1578950118769.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Gibson, who goes by the nickname “Cowboy,” lives at the tent city in Santa Rosa. “It’s a struggle for anybody to keep warm and keep your heart and head light and strong,” he says. “I’m doing the best I can.” \u003ccite>(Eric Westervelt/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Living on the Trail\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Wiry, frenzied and with a ready smile through some missing teeth, Gibson says he prefers the nickname “Cowboy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, they call me cowboy,” Gibson says, “I always ‘cowboy up’ for other people because I take care of others when I have nothing and stretch myself thin. It’s very hard,” he says of life among broken pallets and ripped tarps. “It’s a struggle for anybody to keep warm and keep your heart and head light and strong. I’m doing the best I can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson, who has lived here for nearly a year, says the camp has a haphazard sense of community. People watch out for each other. But he concedes the camp has serious problems with garbage, vermin, inadequate toilets and some drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County and city agencies have tried to offer some services, including adding portable toilets and trash control. But camp residents say it’s not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t have someone taking out the trash, it’s gonna pile up,” Gibson says. “Some people are elderly and can’t really do a lot on their own. Some are young people that are very inexperienced with life. I try to a be a guiding light.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a nearby tent, an older woman pops her head out shouting obscenities at no one in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People need to open up their eyes and realize they could end up like this,” Gibson says. “A lot of people are one [pay]check away. Show some humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon a pickup truck pulls up with donations. Time to “cowboy up,” Gibson says, as he moves to help unload used warm clothes from a local resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I drive by every morning and today I was just heartbroken,” says commuter Vania Supulveda. “My daughter complains, ‘Oh, it’s so cold out today’ when we see this. And we go back home to a nice warm home. It’s depressing. I grew up in Brazil, in a Third World country, and I’ve never seen something like this so close to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Exploring Solutions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors will vote Tuesday on the purchase of three large homes — two in central Santa Rosa and one in Cotati — that would provide housing for some of the people living on the trail. If approved, Hopkins told KQED’s Forum that the homes could be operational as early as next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-funding/active-funding/nplh.shtml\">“No Place Like Home” program \u003c/a>would fund the purchase of the three homes. Hopkins hopes an additional two homes will be purchased eventually, totaling a cost of $6 million that includes furnishings and supportive services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is actually a model that … already is actually working in a lot of areas in Sonoma County,” Hopkins told Forum. “They have been very, very successful at getting people off the street and into housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents in similar models have even transitioned into renting their own apartments, Hopkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s always the goal, right? Is to get people back fully on their feet and able to be supporting themselves in a type of housing that is acceptable. What’s happening right now on the Joe Rodota Trail, we know is completely unacceptable,” Hopkins told Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, Hopkins is exploring an outdoor shelter option that would still allow people to camp, but would provide a navigation trailer with supportive services. It would equip people with “fundamental human needs,” such as restrooms, electricity, water and, ideally, shower and laundry facilities, Hopkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you talk about the encampment along the Joe Rodota Trail, it is actually very difficult to service because it’s actually spread out over about a mile and a half of linear trail,” Hopkins said. “So it’s tough for service workers to actually go out there … and actually provide people with a plan to get them off the trail and into housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Public Backlash in Sonoma County\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“It just showcases the failure of government at all levels to meaningfully have a safety net for human beings,” Hopkins said. “There’s just no room for error now, there’s no safety net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Sonoma County’s chief homelessness official, Geoffrey Ross, announced his resignation. The Board of Supervisors will vote Tuesday to confirm Barbie Robinson, the county health services director, as interim executive director of the Community Development Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson has drawn praise from supervisors, including Hopkins, for stepping into a leadership position and working alongside Ross to craft a plan to allocate \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792903/sonoma-county-approves-12-million-urgent-plan-for-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$12 million in emergency funds\u003c/a> for the encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins has also helped lead efforts to find solutions for the camp, including working on the emergency funding plan and setting up an emergency \u003ca href=\"https://abc7news.com/society/sonoma-co-opens-eoc-for-first-time-in-response-to-homeless-crisis/5823059/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">operations center\u003c/a> to better coordinate responses to a complex problem with no easy fixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the first-term politician is facing blowback over the camp. A handful of angry constituents started \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/10539186-181/recall-effort-targets-sonoma-county?sba=AAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an effort to recall Hopkins\u003c/a>, even though she faces an election in March. Their petition accuses Hopkins of failing to act — “her watch, her failure” — and calls the homeless encampment a “public cesspool” that’s undermining businesses, homes and quality of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem cuts across complex issues, including rising housing costs and skyrocketing rents, stagnant wages, poverty, addiction and mental health treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating attempts to find a solution in Sonoma is \u003ca href=\"https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/CAO/Agreement-with-Homeless-Advocates-on-Preliminary-Injunction/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a local injunction\u003c/a> that says the county can’t arrest or fine its way out of the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/13/787861253/how-boises-fight-over-homelessness-is-rippling-across-the-west-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A federal court ruling\u003c/a> carries even more weight. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that homeless people essentially have a Constitutional right to camp on public property if local governments can’t provide enough shelter beds and services. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal in that case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Marcos Ramirez, co-founder of the Squeaky Wheel Bicycle Coalition\"]‘We know how to do this; we know how to take care of people. We’ve just seen it recently with the Kincade fire.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are services Hopkins said the county simply can’t afford now on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How can we provide alternatives when we don’t have enough money from the state or federal government to actually provide adequate mental health services, to actually provide adequate housing and shelter for these human beings?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has repeatedly criticized the state response \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/The-State-of-Homelessness-in-America.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">to its homeless crisis\u003c/a>, painting it as a result of failed Democratic leadership. He has threatened federal intervention. “It’s a shame. The world is looking at it,” Trump said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759899416/los-angeles-has-a-homeless-problem-now-the-trump-administration-is-weighing-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in September\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins and other politicians have also promised to relocate the camp within weeks – most likely to a parking lot area near the airport while they design a more permanent housing strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they conceded that a lasting fix could take at least two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Volunteers Begin to Organize\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, a new group of concerned citizens have said that the current situation is simply unacceptable. They’re asking: If the community can pull together during a wildfire crisis, why not a homeless crisis?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know how to do this; we know how to take care of people. We’ve just seen it recently with the Kincade Fire,” said artist and engineer Marcos Ramirez, one of the founders of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/SWBCSonoma/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Squeaky Wheel Bicycle Coalition.\u003c/a> The volunteer group is trying to break the familiar pattern of political outrage, hand wringing, wrangling and inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can organize shelter support, huge amounts of response, emergency services and these kinds of things,” Ramirez said of the wildfires where thousands were temporarily displaced, “there’s no reason why we can’t do this for our unhoused neighbors. It’s the middle of winter and things are only getting colder. There’s no excuse for this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size of the trail encampment decreased during the Kincade Fire, Hopkins told Forum, but residents of the trail returned once the fire was out and temporary shelters closed. The camp has continued to grow since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"forum_2010101875281,news_11792903,news_11679471\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition has drawn up a detailed proposal to retrofit an unused section of Sonoma County’s fairgrounds into a more permanent camp with onsite support, counseling and job services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key, coalition members said, has been spending time at the encampment to better understand the community living there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A friend of mind said, ‘You don’t know what’s going on down there.’ And I said, ‘You’re right,’ ” Ramirez said. “And so I went down. And so we’ve spent months down there on the trail and actually getting to know our neighbors. It should seem like a no-brainer that you would need to go talk to the people and ask them what they would like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These concerned bicyclists for social change hope their ideas gain more traction. And they hope to inspire the formation of more “squeaky wheel coalitions” in cities across California — and other states — facing the same kind of homeless camp crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like to use the term that we are trying to humanize these people because they’re people and we shouldn’t have to humanize them,” said another Squeaky Wheel activist, Miles Sarvis-Wilburn. “And yet, we’re in a position where that kind of feels like what we have to do now. It seems like that should be more normalized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Forum contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Charles Gibson pushes a shopping cart towards his soggy tent on a tenuous patch of a grassy drainage ditch along a bike trail in Santa Rosa. He’s one of nearly 200 people living in a sprawling camp here that has sprung up along a popular recreation corridor. It’s a community, Gibson says, that often feels caught between opposing forces who aren’t always listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, they [local officials] want us to be able to govern ourselves, but they are not giving us the tools we need,” Gibson says. “They don’t want you hiding, but they don’t want you in their face, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across California and other parts of the country, these growing homeless encampments evoke shantytown “Hoovervilles,” where hundreds of thousands of destitute Americans lived during the Great Depression. The encampments are frustrating residents, raising health and safety fears and fueling a debate over poverty and inequality in one of the nation’s wealthiest states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fight over the encampment in Sonoma County’s Santa Rosa underscores the challenges of finding a lasting solution to the growing crisis. Amid a growing chorus of outrage at filthy, unsanitary conditions and the presence of rats and used drug needles, the camp has divided locals and even prompted an effort to recall a local politician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never thought that I would drive past a mile-long shantytown on my way to work. And yet, that’s the reality that we’re facing right now in Sonoma County\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong>” said county \u003ca href=\"http://lyndaforsupervisor.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Supervisor Lynda Hopkins\u003c/a>, whose district includes the encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, makeshift tarp, tent and pallet “homes” have filled a stretch of the paved Joe Rodota bike trail that sides right next to Highway 12, a major commuter artery into Santa Rosa, the county seat. Now, the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors is considering purchasing three homes to house some of the people who live on the trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s incredibly challenging,” Hopkins said, noting she gets scores of emails each day from frustrated, alarmed and angry constituents. “I also get emails of people who are just heartbroken at seeing the level of suffering — people freezing cold, living in a tent in the rain with no access to running water or electricity or sewer services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nWhile homelessness is a hard-to-fix national problem, it is particularly severe in California. The state’s homeless population \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792743/hud-report-2-7-uptick-in-nations-homeless-population-due-to-california-spike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jumped 16% in the last year\u003c/a>. California has the \u003ca href=\"https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Tent_City_USA_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest number of tent cities\u003c/a>, according to a report by the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty. And according to a \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2019-AHAR-Part-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report \u003c/a>by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, California’s homeless population accounts for 53% of all unsheltered people in the country. Overall, the state has more than 150,000 people experiencing homelessness, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the growing crisis, Gov. Gavin Newsom recently proposed more than $1.4 billion in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11795344/newsom-zeroes-in-on-education-gaps-homelessness-and-wildfires-in-state-budget\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new budget \u003c/a>for expanded state and local efforts on immediate housing and services. Some $750 million of that would be placed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/08/794687084/california-governor-pushes-1-4-billion-plan-to-tackle-homelessness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">special fund\u003c/a> to pay the rent of people facing homelessness and to jump-start the construction of more affordable housing. The first-term Democrat has also ordered state agencies to do more to help find temporary sites — including decommissioned hospitals or unused land — for the state’s expanding homeless encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the state, residents are demanding robust coordinated action on what has now become a public health crisis. There are rising concerns about health and safety problems inside the encampments, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/2016-18CAOutbreakAssociatedDrugUseHomelessness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disease\u003c/a>, open drug use, violence, crime and fire risks. In Los Angeles County alone, the death rate for homeless has risen steadily for years and\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/30/homeless-deaths-los-angeles-county\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in 2018 topped 1,000\u003c/a> — about three deaths a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11795792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11795792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/img_0429_wide-8877d569f0e7e253f13298d445a54627274c2c58-e1578950118769.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Gibson, who goes by the nickname “Cowboy,” lives at the tent city in Santa Rosa. “It’s a struggle for anybody to keep warm and keep your heart and head light and strong,” he says. “I’m doing the best I can.” \u003ccite>(Eric Westervelt/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Living on the Trail\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Wiry, frenzied and with a ready smile through some missing teeth, Gibson says he prefers the nickname “Cowboy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, they call me cowboy,” Gibson says, “I always ‘cowboy up’ for other people because I take care of others when I have nothing and stretch myself thin. It’s very hard,” he says of life among broken pallets and ripped tarps. “It’s a struggle for anybody to keep warm and keep your heart and head light and strong. I’m doing the best I can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson, who has lived here for nearly a year, says the camp has a haphazard sense of community. People watch out for each other. But he concedes the camp has serious problems with garbage, vermin, inadequate toilets and some drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County and city agencies have tried to offer some services, including adding portable toilets and trash control. But camp residents say it’s not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t have someone taking out the trash, it’s gonna pile up,” Gibson says. “Some people are elderly and can’t really do a lot on their own. Some are young people that are very inexperienced with life. I try to a be a guiding light.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a nearby tent, an older woman pops her head out shouting obscenities at no one in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People need to open up their eyes and realize they could end up like this,” Gibson says. “A lot of people are one [pay]check away. Show some humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon a pickup truck pulls up with donations. Time to “cowboy up,” Gibson says, as he moves to help unload used warm clothes from a local resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I drive by every morning and today I was just heartbroken,” says commuter Vania Supulveda. “My daughter complains, ‘Oh, it’s so cold out today’ when we see this. And we go back home to a nice warm home. It’s depressing. I grew up in Brazil, in a Third World country, and I’ve never seen something like this so close to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Exploring Solutions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors will vote Tuesday on the purchase of three large homes — two in central Santa Rosa and one in Cotati — that would provide housing for some of the people living on the trail. If approved, Hopkins told KQED’s Forum that the homes could be operational as early as next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-funding/active-funding/nplh.shtml\">“No Place Like Home” program \u003c/a>would fund the purchase of the three homes. Hopkins hopes an additional two homes will be purchased eventually, totaling a cost of $6 million that includes furnishings and supportive services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is actually a model that … already is actually working in a lot of areas in Sonoma County,” Hopkins told Forum. “They have been very, very successful at getting people off the street and into housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents in similar models have even transitioned into renting their own apartments, Hopkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s always the goal, right? Is to get people back fully on their feet and able to be supporting themselves in a type of housing that is acceptable. What’s happening right now on the Joe Rodota Trail, we know is completely unacceptable,” Hopkins told Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, Hopkins is exploring an outdoor shelter option that would still allow people to camp, but would provide a navigation trailer with supportive services. It would equip people with “fundamental human needs,” such as restrooms, electricity, water and, ideally, shower and laundry facilities, Hopkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you talk about the encampment along the Joe Rodota Trail, it is actually very difficult to service because it’s actually spread out over about a mile and a half of linear trail,” Hopkins said. “So it’s tough for service workers to actually go out there … and actually provide people with a plan to get them off the trail and into housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Public Backlash in Sonoma County\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“It just showcases the failure of government at all levels to meaningfully have a safety net for human beings,” Hopkins said. “There’s just no room for error now, there’s no safety net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Sonoma County’s chief homelessness official, Geoffrey Ross, announced his resignation. The Board of Supervisors will vote Tuesday to confirm Barbie Robinson, the county health services director, as interim executive director of the Community Development Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson has drawn praise from supervisors, including Hopkins, for stepping into a leadership position and working alongside Ross to craft a plan to allocate \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792903/sonoma-county-approves-12-million-urgent-plan-for-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$12 million in emergency funds\u003c/a> for the encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins has also helped lead efforts to find solutions for the camp, including working on the emergency funding plan and setting up an emergency \u003ca href=\"https://abc7news.com/society/sonoma-co-opens-eoc-for-first-time-in-response-to-homeless-crisis/5823059/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">operations center\u003c/a> to better coordinate responses to a complex problem with no easy fixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the first-term politician is facing blowback over the camp. A handful of angry constituents started \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/10539186-181/recall-effort-targets-sonoma-county?sba=AAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an effort to recall Hopkins\u003c/a>, even though she faces an election in March. Their petition accuses Hopkins of failing to act — “her watch, her failure” — and calls the homeless encampment a “public cesspool” that’s undermining businesses, homes and quality of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem cuts across complex issues, including rising housing costs and skyrocketing rents, stagnant wages, poverty, addiction and mental health treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating attempts to find a solution in Sonoma is \u003ca href=\"https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/CAO/Agreement-with-Homeless-Advocates-on-Preliminary-Injunction/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a local injunction\u003c/a> that says the county can’t arrest or fine its way out of the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/13/787861253/how-boises-fight-over-homelessness-is-rippling-across-the-west-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A federal court ruling\u003c/a> carries even more weight. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that homeless people essentially have a Constitutional right to camp on public property if local governments can’t provide enough shelter beds and services. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal in that case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We know how to do this; we know how to take care of people. We’ve just seen it recently with the Kincade fire.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are services Hopkins said the county simply can’t afford now on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How can we provide alternatives when we don’t have enough money from the state or federal government to actually provide adequate mental health services, to actually provide adequate housing and shelter for these human beings?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has repeatedly criticized the state response \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/The-State-of-Homelessness-in-America.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">to its homeless crisis\u003c/a>, painting it as a result of failed Democratic leadership. He has threatened federal intervention. “It’s a shame. The world is looking at it,” Trump said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759899416/los-angeles-has-a-homeless-problem-now-the-trump-administration-is-weighing-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in September\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins and other politicians have also promised to relocate the camp within weeks – most likely to a parking lot area near the airport while they design a more permanent housing strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they conceded that a lasting fix could take at least two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Volunteers Begin to Organize\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, a new group of concerned citizens have said that the current situation is simply unacceptable. They’re asking: If the community can pull together during a wildfire crisis, why not a homeless crisis?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know how to do this; we know how to take care of people. We’ve just seen it recently with the Kincade Fire,” said artist and engineer Marcos Ramirez, one of the founders of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/SWBCSonoma/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Squeaky Wheel Bicycle Coalition.\u003c/a> The volunteer group is trying to break the familiar pattern of political outrage, hand wringing, wrangling and inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can organize shelter support, huge amounts of response, emergency services and these kinds of things,” Ramirez said of the wildfires where thousands were temporarily displaced, “there’s no reason why we can’t do this for our unhoused neighbors. It’s the middle of winter and things are only getting colder. There’s no excuse for this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size of the trail encampment decreased during the Kincade Fire, Hopkins told Forum, but residents of the trail returned once the fire was out and temporary shelters closed. The camp has continued to grow since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition has drawn up a detailed proposal to retrofit an unused section of Sonoma County’s fairgrounds into a more permanent camp with onsite support, counseling and job services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key, coalition members said, has been spending time at the encampment to better understand the community living there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A friend of mind said, ‘You don’t know what’s going on down there.’ And I said, ‘You’re right,’ ” Ramirez said. “And so I went down. And so we’ve spent months down there on the trail and actually getting to know our neighbors. It should seem like a no-brainer that you would need to go talk to the people and ask them what they would like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These concerned bicyclists for social change hope their ideas gain more traction. And they hope to inspire the formation of more “squeaky wheel coalitions” in cities across California — and other states — facing the same kind of homeless camp crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like to use the term that we are trying to humanize these people because they’re people and we shouldn’t have to humanize them,” said another Squeaky Wheel activist, Miles Sarvis-Wilburn. “And yet, we’re in a position where that kind of feels like what we have to do now. It seems like that should be more normalized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Forum contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "sweeps-of-homeless-camps-in-california-aggravate-key-health-issues",
"title": "Sweeps of Homeless Camps in California Aggravate Key Health Issues",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s 5 a.m., and the thermostat reads 44 degrees F. Cars round the bend of an off-ramp of state Route 24 in northern Oakland, spraying bands of light across Norm Ciha and his neighbors. They wear headlamps so they can see in the dark as they gather their belongings: tents, clothes, cooking gear, carts piled with blankets, children’s shoes and, in one case, a set of golf clubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shredder, Ciha’s dog, takes a treat, then lets it fall from his mouth. He whines as Ciha walks away with a camping mattress. “I can leave him all day in the tent and he’s fine, but he freaks out every time we have to move,” Ciha says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every other week, the residents of this thin slice of state-owned land just off the freeway pack up their possessions and move to another empty lot nearby; they aren’t quite sure who owns it. They move in anticipation of the routine sweeps of homeless encampments ordered by the California Department of Transportation, which has jurisdiction over the state’s highways and exit ramps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highway crews check that the area is clear of people and their belongings, throwing away any items that remain. Once the trucks leave, the residents move back in. Ciha and his neighbors call it “the Caltrans Shuffle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Eric Tars, legal director of the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty\"]‘If cities spent half the energy on trying to provide access to sanitation as they did on trying to find constitutional ways to take people’s belongings, they could address homelessness.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their makeshift neighborhood of tarps and tents is built on one of thousands of public spaces across California where people have set up camp. The state’s homeless population has ballooned in recent years; in 2019, there were more than 150,000 homeless people in California, according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and 72% of them did not have shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A range of health concerns has spread among homeless communities. A few years ago, hepatitis A, spread primarily through feces, infected more than 700 people in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/2016-18CAOutbreakAssociatedDrugUseHomelessness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">most of them homeless,\u003c/a> according to state officials. Ancient diseases, such as typhus,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/03/typhus-tuberculosis-medieval-diseases-spreading-homeless/584380/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> have resurged\u003c/a>. Homeless people are\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/the-homeless-are-dying-in-record-numbers-on-the-streets-of-l-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> dying in record numbers\u003c/a> on the streets of Los Angeles, according to data from the county coroner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities up and down California, increasingly frustrated with the growing number of homeless people living on public property, have tasked police and sanitation workers with dismantling encampments that they say pollute public areas and pose serious risk of fire, violence and disease. The rousting and cleanups have become a daily occurrence around the state, involving an array of state and local agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the response from officials has prompted a public health crisis all its own, according to interviews with dozens of homeless people and their advocates. Personal possessions, including medicines and necessary medical devices, are routinely thrown away. It’s a quotidian event that Leilani Farha, the United Nations special rapporteur on adequate housing, described as a “cruelty” that she hasn’t seen in other impoverished corners of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciha, who is 57, learned the hard way that living on the street means his belongings can be taken in an instant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2018, when he was camping by an Ikea in nearby Emeryville, the California Highway Patrol and Caltrans employees showed up unannounced. He was out buying a tent when they arrived, and the crew designated his belongings as garbage. His fellow campers protested and grabbed what they could. Ciha returned and asked for time to gather his things. But everything, he says, was just thrown into a trash compactor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with his bedding and clothes, he lost three weeks of an eight-week supply of the medication he’d been prescribed to treat hepatitis C. He’d gotten the medicine through Medi-Cal. Though the drugs were almost certainly purchased at a discount, Ciha’s course of treatment retails for around $40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a federal court case involving a camping ban in Boise, Idaho, determined that cities can’t cite people for sleeping on public property when there’s nowhere else to go. It doesn’t, however, determine rules about their possessions. That question has been argued for decades, with\u003ca href=\"https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Tent_City_USA_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> multiple courts\u003c/a> determining that destroying or confiscating property without notice is a violation of the constitutional right to personal property. Cities rarely, if ever, fight those decisions, which means there’s been no precedent set by a higher court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11795326\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"The California Department of Transportation is required to post notices of cleanups before clearing out homeless encampments on state property. But housing advocates, who say the agency doesn't always comply with the rules, are suing the state over seized belongings.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11795326\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Department of Transportation is required to post notices of cleanups before clearing out homeless encampments on state property. But housing advocates, who say the agency doesn’t always comply with the rules, are suing the state over seized belongings. \u003ccite>(Anna Maria Barry-Jester/Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lawsuits in California have made the issue more visible in the state than in other places, even though this is a nationwide problem, says \u003ca href=\"https://nlchp.org/about/our-staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eric Tars\u003c/a>, legal director of the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty. Today, many California cities have policies that either prevent seizing belongings or require storage, but public health and safety exceptions often allow for things to be thrown away without notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If cities spent half the energy on trying to provide access to sanitation as they did on trying to find constitutional ways to take people’s belongings, they could address homelessness,” Tars says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of San Francisco contends that it stores people’s belongings when they are seized — a policy that resulted from a settlement of an earlier lawsuit. But advocates for the homeless, including \u003ca href=\"https://sociology.berkeley.edu/graduate-student/chris-herring\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chris Herring\u003c/a>, a doctoral student in sociology at University of California, Berkeley, say that doesn’t always happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Chris Herring, a doctoral student in sociology at University of California, Berkeley,\"]‘[The city will] say we’re just asking people to move, but if you’re being asked that over and over and you have nowhere to go, and people are acting like you’re worthless or they’re scared of you, that affects you fast.’[/pullquote]Herring has been embedding himself in San Francisco’s homeless community off and on for years. He spent nine months in 2014 and 2015 living on the street, for example, and another year studying the police, public health and sanitation workers tasked with cleaning encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herring says he has witnessed people refusing medical help because they didn’t want to leave their things behind, and says he knows others who lost jobs after missing shifts to salvage personal items. An elderly man, so ill he lay paralyzed on the sidewalk, once called Herring and asked him to look after his stuff before he called 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles has limited the amount of personal property people can carry with them or store on public property, saying it must fit inside a 60-gallon container — the equivalent of a medium-sized outdoor trash bin. Several homeless residents\u003ca href=\"https://la.curbed.com/2019/7/18/20699345/homeless-camps-seizures-lawsuit-constitutional\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> are suing\u003c/a> the city over the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, up the hill from where Ciha camps, Caltrans posts advisories about scheduled cleanups, notifying people when they will come through. Caltrans policy requires the postings, but an ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://sanchezlawsuit.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">class-action lawsuit\u003c/a> against Caltrans claims that policy isn’t always followed, and that the sweeps are a violation of people’s constitutional right to private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciha has joined the suit. Another defendant says Caltrans took her walker, which she was using because an infected wound made it difficult for her to get around. Others have lost ID cards and prescriptions, a setback for making appointments or receiving benefits, according to one of the lawyers on the case, Osha Neumann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans workers say they hate doing the cleanups. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like 100 times worse than it was just a few years ago,” says Steve Crouch, director of public employees for Local 39 of the International Union of Operating Engineers, which represents Caltrans workers. “One of the biggest gripes they have is having to clean up the homeless encampments. It’s a nasty job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeps also cause psychological pain. Ciha and his neighbors talk about how horrible it is when people driving by throw garbage at them. Herring says the trauma of living on the streets is so intense he hasn’t yet figured out how to write about it in his academic work. “[The city will] say we’re just asking people to move, but if you’re being asked that over and over and you have nowhere to go, and people are acting like you’re worthless or they’re scared of you, that affects you fast,” Herring says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciha got tested for hep C after a friend went from healthy to sick in a matter of months. When Ciha was prescribed the treatment, the doctor told him he shouldn’t miss a dose. After his things were discarded, he wandered around Oakland for a week, he says, sleeping in random places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11795336\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha1_custom-122cb834abf574021801eda809eff8866345a8c7-s800-c85-800x532.jpg\" alt='Every other week, Norm Ciha and his homeless neighbors temporarily relocate their camp from land alongside a freeway offramp in Oakland, to a nearby vacant lot — until state cleanup crews have come and gone. They call it \"the Caltrans Shuffle.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11795336\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha1_custom-122cb834abf574021801eda809eff8866345a8c7-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha1_custom-122cb834abf574021801eda809eff8866345a8c7-s800-c85-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Every other week, Norm Ciha and his homeless neighbors temporarily relocate their camp from land alongside a freeway offramp in Oakland, to a nearby vacant lot — until state cleanup crews have come and gone. They call it “the Caltrans Shuffle.” \u003ccite>(Anna Maria Barry-Jester/Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He eventually stumbled across the encampment he now calls home; he likes it because it has only a few people and, for the most part, everyone keeps their area clean and drama-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"homelessness\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]Ciha went back to the doctor after he moved in and was able to get a refill of his prescription. But he’d gone a week without treatment and hasn’t been back since, to see if his hep C is cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has since grown accustomed to the Caltrans Shuffle. In the hours before last month’s sweep, he first lugged his cot to the nearby lot. Then his camping mattress and a plastic bin with pots, pans and utensils. Shredder’s food bowl. A cart holding a suitcase filled with bright-white teddy bears that remind him of his mom, a badminton racket, a comforter and a small landscape painting. Things he’ll use, he says, when he gets a place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d moved his belongings and was standing on the sidewalk by the time the Caltrans crew arrived, with two police escorts and five trucks. One of Ciha’s neighbors threw garbage into the back of one of the trucks, while workers checked the property. As the cleanup crew packed up, Ciha stood in the lot next door eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. The sun was now above the horizon pushing out the morning cold. He would rest a few minutes, and then move back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003cem>, which publishes \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Healthline\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an editorially independent service of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>\u003cem>. KHN is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sweeps+Of+Homeless+Camps+In+California+Aggravate+Key+Health+Issues&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Cities have tasked police and sanitation workers with dismantling homeless camps that they say pose a risk to health and safety. But that's meant some displaced people are losing needed medications.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s 5 a.m., and the thermostat reads 44 degrees F. Cars round the bend of an off-ramp of state Route 24 in northern Oakland, spraying bands of light across Norm Ciha and his neighbors. They wear headlamps so they can see in the dark as they gather their belongings: tents, clothes, cooking gear, carts piled with blankets, children’s shoes and, in one case, a set of golf clubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shredder, Ciha’s dog, takes a treat, then lets it fall from his mouth. He whines as Ciha walks away with a camping mattress. “I can leave him all day in the tent and he’s fine, but he freaks out every time we have to move,” Ciha says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every other week, the residents of this thin slice of state-owned land just off the freeway pack up their possessions and move to another empty lot nearby; they aren’t quite sure who owns it. They move in anticipation of the routine sweeps of homeless encampments ordered by the California Department of Transportation, which has jurisdiction over the state’s highways and exit ramps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highway crews check that the area is clear of people and their belongings, throwing away any items that remain. Once the trucks leave, the residents move back in. Ciha and his neighbors call it “the Caltrans Shuffle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If cities spent half the energy on trying to provide access to sanitation as they did on trying to find constitutional ways to take people’s belongings, they could address homelessness.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their makeshift neighborhood of tarps and tents is built on one of thousands of public spaces across California where people have set up camp. The state’s homeless population has ballooned in recent years; in 2019, there were more than 150,000 homeless people in California, according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and 72% of them did not have shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A range of health concerns has spread among homeless communities. A few years ago, hepatitis A, spread primarily through feces, infected more than 700 people in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/2016-18CAOutbreakAssociatedDrugUseHomelessness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">most of them homeless,\u003c/a> according to state officials. Ancient diseases, such as typhus,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/03/typhus-tuberculosis-medieval-diseases-spreading-homeless/584380/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> have resurged\u003c/a>. Homeless people are\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/the-homeless-are-dying-in-record-numbers-on-the-streets-of-l-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> dying in record numbers\u003c/a> on the streets of Los Angeles, according to data from the county coroner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities up and down California, increasingly frustrated with the growing number of homeless people living on public property, have tasked police and sanitation workers with dismantling encampments that they say pollute public areas and pose serious risk of fire, violence and disease. The rousting and cleanups have become a daily occurrence around the state, involving an array of state and local agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the response from officials has prompted a public health crisis all its own, according to interviews with dozens of homeless people and their advocates. Personal possessions, including medicines and necessary medical devices, are routinely thrown away. It’s a quotidian event that Leilani Farha, the United Nations special rapporteur on adequate housing, described as a “cruelty” that she hasn’t seen in other impoverished corners of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciha, who is 57, learned the hard way that living on the street means his belongings can be taken in an instant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2018, when he was camping by an Ikea in nearby Emeryville, the California Highway Patrol and Caltrans employees showed up unannounced. He was out buying a tent when they arrived, and the crew designated his belongings as garbage. His fellow campers protested and grabbed what they could. Ciha returned and asked for time to gather his things. But everything, he says, was just thrown into a trash compactor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with his bedding and clothes, he lost three weeks of an eight-week supply of the medication he’d been prescribed to treat hepatitis C. He’d gotten the medicine through Medi-Cal. Though the drugs were almost certainly purchased at a discount, Ciha’s course of treatment retails for around $40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a federal court case involving a camping ban in Boise, Idaho, determined that cities can’t cite people for sleeping on public property when there’s nowhere else to go. It doesn’t, however, determine rules about their possessions. That question has been argued for decades, with\u003ca href=\"https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Tent_City_USA_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> multiple courts\u003c/a> determining that destroying or confiscating property without notice is a violation of the constitutional right to personal property. Cities rarely, if ever, fight those decisions, which means there’s been no precedent set by a higher court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11795326\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"The California Department of Transportation is required to post notices of cleanups before clearing out homeless encampments on state property. But housing advocates, who say the agency doesn't always comply with the rules, are suing the state over seized belongings.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11795326\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha5_custom-38b7938a8f652e77b86c1896bd7ea675ccf7ee52.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Department of Transportation is required to post notices of cleanups before clearing out homeless encampments on state property. But housing advocates, who say the agency doesn’t always comply with the rules, are suing the state over seized belongings. \u003ccite>(Anna Maria Barry-Jester/Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lawsuits in California have made the issue more visible in the state than in other places, even though this is a nationwide problem, says \u003ca href=\"https://nlchp.org/about/our-staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eric Tars\u003c/a>, legal director of the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty. Today, many California cities have policies that either prevent seizing belongings or require storage, but public health and safety exceptions often allow for things to be thrown away without notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If cities spent half the energy on trying to provide access to sanitation as they did on trying to find constitutional ways to take people’s belongings, they could address homelessness,” Tars says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of San Francisco contends that it stores people’s belongings when they are seized — a policy that resulted from a settlement of an earlier lawsuit. But advocates for the homeless, including \u003ca href=\"https://sociology.berkeley.edu/graduate-student/chris-herring\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chris Herring\u003c/a>, a doctoral student in sociology at University of California, Berkeley, say that doesn’t always happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Herring has been embedding himself in San Francisco’s homeless community off and on for years. He spent nine months in 2014 and 2015 living on the street, for example, and another year studying the police, public health and sanitation workers tasked with cleaning encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herring says he has witnessed people refusing medical help because they didn’t want to leave their things behind, and says he knows others who lost jobs after missing shifts to salvage personal items. An elderly man, so ill he lay paralyzed on the sidewalk, once called Herring and asked him to look after his stuff before he called 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles has limited the amount of personal property people can carry with them or store on public property, saying it must fit inside a 60-gallon container — the equivalent of a medium-sized outdoor trash bin. Several homeless residents\u003ca href=\"https://la.curbed.com/2019/7/18/20699345/homeless-camps-seizures-lawsuit-constitutional\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> are suing\u003c/a> the city over the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, up the hill from where Ciha camps, Caltrans posts advisories about scheduled cleanups, notifying people when they will come through. Caltrans policy requires the postings, but an ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://sanchezlawsuit.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">class-action lawsuit\u003c/a> against Caltrans claims that policy isn’t always followed, and that the sweeps are a violation of people’s constitutional right to private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciha has joined the suit. Another defendant says Caltrans took her walker, which she was using because an infected wound made it difficult for her to get around. Others have lost ID cards and prescriptions, a setback for making appointments or receiving benefits, according to one of the lawyers on the case, Osha Neumann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans workers say they hate doing the cleanups. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like 100 times worse than it was just a few years ago,” says Steve Crouch, director of public employees for Local 39 of the International Union of Operating Engineers, which represents Caltrans workers. “One of the biggest gripes they have is having to clean up the homeless encampments. It’s a nasty job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeps also cause psychological pain. Ciha and his neighbors talk about how horrible it is when people driving by throw garbage at them. Herring says the trauma of living on the streets is so intense he hasn’t yet figured out how to write about it in his academic work. “[The city will] say we’re just asking people to move, but if you’re being asked that over and over and you have nowhere to go, and people are acting like you’re worthless or they’re scared of you, that affects you fast,” Herring says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciha got tested for hep C after a friend went from healthy to sick in a matter of months. When Ciha was prescribed the treatment, the doctor told him he shouldn’t miss a dose. After his things were discarded, he wandered around Oakland for a week, he says, sleeping in random places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11795336\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha1_custom-122cb834abf574021801eda809eff8866345a8c7-s800-c85-800x532.jpg\" alt='Every other week, Norm Ciha and his homeless neighbors temporarily relocate their camp from land alongside a freeway offramp in Oakland, to a nearby vacant lot — until state cleanup crews have come and gone. They call it \"the Caltrans Shuffle.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11795336\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha1_custom-122cb834abf574021801eda809eff8866345a8c7-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ciha1_custom-122cb834abf574021801eda809eff8866345a8c7-s800-c85-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Every other week, Norm Ciha and his homeless neighbors temporarily relocate their camp from land alongside a freeway offramp in Oakland, to a nearby vacant lot — until state cleanup crews have come and gone. They call it “the Caltrans Shuffle.” \u003ccite>(Anna Maria Barry-Jester/Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He eventually stumbled across the encampment he now calls home; he likes it because it has only a few people and, for the most part, everyone keeps their area clean and drama-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Ciha went back to the doctor after he moved in and was able to get a refill of his prescription. But he’d gone a week without treatment and hasn’t been back since, to see if his hep C is cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has since grown accustomed to the Caltrans Shuffle. In the hours before last month’s sweep, he first lugged his cot to the nearby lot. Then his camping mattress and a plastic bin with pots, pans and utensils. Shredder’s food bowl. A cart holding a suitcase filled with bright-white teddy bears that remind him of his mom, a badminton racket, a comforter and a small landscape painting. Things he’ll use, he says, when he gets a place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d moved his belongings and was standing on the sidewalk by the time the Caltrans crew arrived, with two police escorts and five trucks. One of Ciha’s neighbors threw garbage into the back of one of the trucks, while workers checked the property. As the cleanup crew packed up, Ciha stood in the lot next door eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. The sun was now above the horizon pushing out the morning cold. He would rest a few minutes, and then move back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003cem>, which publishes \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Healthline\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an editorially independent service of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>\u003cem>. KHN is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sweeps+Of+Homeless+Camps+In+California+Aggravate+Key+Health+Issues&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "FEC Commissioner Rips Facebook Over Political Ad Policy: 'This Will Not Do'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook says it will continue to allow political ads that target the social media platform's users, sticking to its position despite concerns about the potential impact on the upcoming presidential election. Federal Election Commissioner Ellen Weintraub sharply criticized the policy, saying Facebook's \"weak plan suggests the company has no idea how seriously it is hurting democracy.\"\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rob Leathern, Facebook's director of product management\"]'People should be able to hear from those who wish to lead them, warts and all, and that what they say should be scrutinized and debated in public.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's policy falls short of measures recently taken by other tech giants. Google says it will limit the ability of political ads to target an audience, and Twitter has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783864/twitter-bans-all-political-ads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> banned\u003c/a> political ads entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking aim at Facebook's policy in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EllenLWeintraub/status/1215277203249860608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series of tweets\u003c/a> Thursday morning, Weintraub, a Democrat, said, \"I am not willing to bet the 2020 elections on the proposition that Facebook has solved its problems with a solution whose chief feature appears to be that it doesn't seriously impact the company's profit margins.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EllenLWeintraub/status/1215277203249860608\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also says it's not changing how it handles the content of ads. While the company says its community standards bar hate speech and harmful content, \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/political-ads/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the policy announced Thursday\u003c/a> does not address calls from those who want the company to fact-check ads before it publishes them. \u003cem>(Note: Facebook is among NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the policy Thursday, Facebook's director of product management, Rob Leathern, wrote that \"people should be able to hear from those who wish to lead them, warts and all, and that what they say should be scrutinized and debated in public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it shouldn't be in the business of fact-checking, that the U.S. needs new laws to govern political speech on social media — and to a degree, the American Civil Liberties Union agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will not be a popular view. But on the whole, we think that Facebook got this right,\" says Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU's Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing the gray area that political ads often occupy, Wizner added, \"I don't think Facebook is capable of doing effective fact-checking, and I don't think as a society we should want Facebook to be the entity that's making those kinds of distinctions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the issue, he says, is the massive scale of political ads — not only at the federal, state and local levels in the U.S., but also in every country in which Facebook operates. Wizner predicts that if Facebook took up fact-checking in earnest, it would be inundated with demands from candidates and political campaigns that want the other side's ads taken down, rather than responding to them in public.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU's Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project\"]'It's possible for candidates to send one advertisement to me and a different one to my neighbor across the street. And so that makes it easier for lies to go uncorrected.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different take comes from the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the online civil rights group, which accused Facebook of exempting politicians from the rules it applies to everyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement sent to NPR, Gennie Gebhart, the EFF's associate director of research, said, \"Facebook readily and pervasively plays the role of speech referee for the general public, but, concerned about playing politics, applies a more permissive set of rules to powerful political groups complaining about bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite backing part of Facebook's revised policy, the ACLU's Wizner agrees with critics who say the company should change how it handles targeted political advertising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is something different about online microtargeted advertisements and the kind of political advertisements that we've mainly seen in the past, on radio and television,\" he says. With targeted ad campaigns, he adds, \"it's possible for candidates to send one advertisement to me and a different one to my neighbor across the street. And so that makes it easier for lies to go uncorrected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the changes Wizner would like to see: more information from Facebook about which users have been targeted with political ads, so misleading information can be rebutted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a candidate is going to run an ad that goes only to men in one neighborhood, or only to women in another, then we should know who the target audience was,\" he says. \"So that if the ad contains falsehoods, we know how to better target our responses and corrections. And Facebook should consider raising the minimum number of targeted audience members for ads — so that we're dealing with a more common political conversation, and not a different one for each household.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FEC's Weintraub has urged tech companies to take an aggressive stand against microtargeting potential voters with ads. In an opinion piece for The Washington Post last November, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/01/dont-abolish-political-ads-social-media-stop-microtargeting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Weintraub wrote\u003c/a>, \"Microtargeting by foreign and domestic actors in 2016 proved to be a potent weapon for spreading disinformation and sowing discord.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fears go beyond foreign interference. In recent months, Facebook, Twitter and Google \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/040cae3f6e654e0ab10befb9e46da55f\">refused to remove\u003c/a> a misleading video ad from President Trump’s campaign that targeted Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s announcement is more window dressing around their decision to allow paid misinformation,\" said Bill Russo, a campaign spokesman for Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"political-ads\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential campaign ramps up, Facebook is pushing back on one form of potential misinformation: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11794395/facebook-issues-new-rules-on-deepfake-videos-targeting-misinformation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deepfake videos\u003c/a>. The company announced Tuesday it's banning videos that are manipulated to make it appear someone said words they didn't actually say, under certain criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750792/nancy-pelosi-doctored-videos-show-facebook-willing-enablers-of-russians-in-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook allowed\u003c/a> doctored videos of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi — which were were slowed down to make her appear drunk — to stay on the social media site even though they were manipulated. The videos were spread by right-wing websites in an attempt to discredit the speaker as she publicly feuded with President Trump, who also shared one of the videos on his Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Facebook promises that its political ad policy will bring \"unprecedented transparency and control for political ads.\" The company plans to add a new control in early summer that will let users cut down on the number of political and social issue ads they see, on both Facebook and Instagram. Its users can also \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/business/help/1665333080167380?id=176276233019487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">search its Ad Library\u003c/a> for details such as the size of an ad's audience and where those people live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The expanded transparency features will roll out in the first quarter of 2020 and will apply in all countries where we facilitate 'Paid for by' disclaimers on ads,\" Facebook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those solutions don't satisfy critics who say the platform's users still won't be able to opt out completely and block all political ads. Experts also note that the tools Facebook is giving to its users can be complicated to use and can be easily overlooked as just another \"terms of service\" bulletin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More transparency and user control over advertising is an undeniably good thing, but this policy still doesn't go far enough,\" says Nina Jankowicz, who studies technology and politics as the disinformation fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jankowicz says that while Facebook is giving people more control of the political ads they see, many users could have trouble navigating its tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How many people understand the way microtargeting works, let alone Facebook's Custom Audience feature, which allows advertisers to target on an even more precise level?\" she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jankowicz says Facebook should offer the controls in an easy-to-use design and do more to educate its more than 2 billion users about what the changes mean. And she believes people who are on Facebook should regularly review how their profiles handle politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like democratic discourse, this should be a feature that users are constantly interacting with and adjusting based on their own inclinations and personal experiences on the site,\" she says. \"Based on Facebook's track record with features like these, I'm not sure that's going to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Facebook's Leathern discussed the company's ad policy, he also acknowledged those who are unhappy with its practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We recognize this is an issue that has provoked much public discussion — including much criticism of Facebook's position,\" Leathern wrote. \"We are not deaf to that and will continue to work with regulators and policymakers in our ongoing efforts to help protect elections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook says it will continue to allow political ads that target the social media platform's users, sticking to its position despite concerns about the potential impact on the upcoming presidential election. Federal Election Commissioner Ellen Weintraub sharply criticized the policy, saying Facebook's \"weak plan suggests the company has no idea how seriously it is hurting democracy.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's policy falls short of measures recently taken by other tech giants. Google says it will limit the ability of political ads to target an audience, and Twitter has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783864/twitter-bans-all-political-ads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> banned\u003c/a> political ads entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking aim at Facebook's policy in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EllenLWeintraub/status/1215277203249860608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series of tweets\u003c/a> Thursday morning, Weintraub, a Democrat, said, \"I am not willing to bet the 2020 elections on the proposition that Facebook has solved its problems with a solution whose chief feature appears to be that it doesn't seriously impact the company's profit margins.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Facebook also says it's not changing how it handles the content of ads. While the company says its community standards bar hate speech and harmful content, \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/political-ads/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the policy announced Thursday\u003c/a> does not address calls from those who want the company to fact-check ads before it publishes them. \u003cem>(Note: Facebook is among NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the policy Thursday, Facebook's director of product management, Rob Leathern, wrote that \"people should be able to hear from those who wish to lead them, warts and all, and that what they say should be scrutinized and debated in public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it shouldn't be in the business of fact-checking, that the U.S. needs new laws to govern political speech on social media — and to a degree, the American Civil Liberties Union agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will not be a popular view. But on the whole, we think that Facebook got this right,\" says Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU's Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing the gray area that political ads often occupy, Wizner added, \"I don't think Facebook is capable of doing effective fact-checking, and I don't think as a society we should want Facebook to be the entity that's making those kinds of distinctions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the issue, he says, is the massive scale of political ads — not only at the federal, state and local levels in the U.S., but also in every country in which Facebook operates. Wizner predicts that if Facebook took up fact-checking in earnest, it would be inundated with demands from candidates and political campaigns that want the other side's ads taken down, rather than responding to them in public.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different take comes from the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the online civil rights group, which accused Facebook of exempting politicians from the rules it applies to everyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement sent to NPR, Gennie Gebhart, the EFF's associate director of research, said, \"Facebook readily and pervasively plays the role of speech referee for the general public, but, concerned about playing politics, applies a more permissive set of rules to powerful political groups complaining about bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite backing part of Facebook's revised policy, the ACLU's Wizner agrees with critics who say the company should change how it handles targeted political advertising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is something different about online microtargeted advertisements and the kind of political advertisements that we've mainly seen in the past, on radio and television,\" he says. With targeted ad campaigns, he adds, \"it's possible for candidates to send one advertisement to me and a different one to my neighbor across the street. And so that makes it easier for lies to go uncorrected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the changes Wizner would like to see: more information from Facebook about which users have been targeted with political ads, so misleading information can be rebutted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a candidate is going to run an ad that goes only to men in one neighborhood, or only to women in another, then we should know who the target audience was,\" he says. \"So that if the ad contains falsehoods, we know how to better target our responses and corrections. And Facebook should consider raising the minimum number of targeted audience members for ads — so that we're dealing with a more common political conversation, and not a different one for each household.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FEC's Weintraub has urged tech companies to take an aggressive stand against microtargeting potential voters with ads. In an opinion piece for The Washington Post last November, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/01/dont-abolish-political-ads-social-media-stop-microtargeting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Weintraub wrote\u003c/a>, \"Microtargeting by foreign and domestic actors in 2016 proved to be a potent weapon for spreading disinformation and sowing discord.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fears go beyond foreign interference. In recent months, Facebook, Twitter and Google \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/040cae3f6e654e0ab10befb9e46da55f\">refused to remove\u003c/a> a misleading video ad from President Trump’s campaign that targeted Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s announcement is more window dressing around their decision to allow paid misinformation,\" said Bill Russo, a campaign spokesman for Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential campaign ramps up, Facebook is pushing back on one form of potential misinformation: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11794395/facebook-issues-new-rules-on-deepfake-videos-targeting-misinformation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deepfake videos\u003c/a>. The company announced Tuesday it's banning videos that are manipulated to make it appear someone said words they didn't actually say, under certain criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750792/nancy-pelosi-doctored-videos-show-facebook-willing-enablers-of-russians-in-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook allowed\u003c/a> doctored videos of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi — which were were slowed down to make her appear drunk — to stay on the social media site even though they were manipulated. The videos were spread by right-wing websites in an attempt to discredit the speaker as she publicly feuded with President Trump, who also shared one of the videos on his Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Facebook promises that its political ad policy will bring \"unprecedented transparency and control for political ads.\" The company plans to add a new control in early summer that will let users cut down on the number of political and social issue ads they see, on both Facebook and Instagram. Its users can also \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/business/help/1665333080167380?id=176276233019487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">search its Ad Library\u003c/a> for details such as the size of an ad's audience and where those people live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The expanded transparency features will roll out in the first quarter of 2020 and will apply in all countries where we facilitate 'Paid for by' disclaimers on ads,\" Facebook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those solutions don't satisfy critics who say the platform's users still won't be able to opt out completely and block all political ads. Experts also note that the tools Facebook is giving to its users can be complicated to use and can be easily overlooked as just another \"terms of service\" bulletin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More transparency and user control over advertising is an undeniably good thing, but this policy still doesn't go far enough,\" says Nina Jankowicz, who studies technology and politics as the disinformation fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jankowicz says that while Facebook is giving people more control of the political ads they see, many users could have trouble navigating its tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How many people understand the way microtargeting works, let alone Facebook's Custom Audience feature, which allows advertisers to target on an even more precise level?\" she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jankowicz says Facebook should offer the controls in an easy-to-use design and do more to educate its more than 2 billion users about what the changes mean. And she believes people who are on Facebook should regularly review how their profiles handle politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like democratic discourse, this should be a feature that users are constantly interacting with and adjusting based on their own inclinations and personal experiences on the site,\" she says. \"Based on Facebook's track record with features like these, I'm not sure that's going to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Facebook's Leathern discussed the company's ad policy, he also acknowledged those who are unhappy with its practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We recognize this is an issue that has provoked much public discussion — including much criticism of Facebook's position,\" Leathern wrote. \"We are not deaf to that and will continue to work with regulators and policymakers in our ongoing efforts to help protect elections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Diego's public schools have filed suit against Juul Labs, Inc., the largest U.S. producer of e-cigarettes, accusing the company of deliberately marketing its vaping products to young people, effectively rolling back years of progress made by anti-smoking campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 40-page complaint filed in San Diego Superior Court on behalf of the San Diego Unified School District on Tuesday alleges that Juul's product \"disrupts the learning environment,\" causing an increase in student absences due to vaping-related illnesses and hurting the schools \"by diverting funding away from learning toward educational campaigns, prevention and treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Juul spokesman Ted Kwong\"]'Our customer base is the world's 1 billion adult smokers and we do not intend to attract underage users. To the extent these cases allege otherwise, they are without merit.'[/pullquote]The school district, the second largest in California, is seeking monetary compensation for costs incurred as a result of the rise in the use of e-cigarettes among youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our district is in the business of educating students in a healthy and safe environment,\" San Diego Unified Superintendent Cindy Marten said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/san-diego-unified-school-district-suing-juul\">according to ABC Channel 10 News.\u003c/a> \"This lawsuit supports district goals by holding Juul accountable for its harmful marketing practices and unsafe products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing congressional testimony and a report by the U.S. Surgeon General's Office, the lawsuit claims that anti-smoking efforts had caused a drop in use of tobacco products among young people from 28% in 2000 to just 7.6% in 2017. However, e-cigarettes dramatically reversed that positive trend, with their use by high school students nearly doubling in a single year, from 11.7% in 2017 to 20.8% in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint calls the situation an \"epidemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Diego Unified School District\"]'Across the United States, schools have had to divert resources and administrators have had to go to extreme lengths to respond to the ever-growing number of students using Juuls on school grounds.'[/pullquote]San Francisco-based Juul Labs says it has sought to stop underage use of its products, offering a timeline of its efforts on \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/our-actions-to-combat-underage-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the company's website.\u003c/a> In a statement sent to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/story/2020-01-08/s-d-unified-files-lawsuit-against-vaping-company-juul\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Diego Union-Tribune\u003c/a> and other local media, Juul said it was working \"with attorneys general, regulators, public health officials and other stakeholders to combat underage use and convert adult smokers from combustible cigarettes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our customer base is the world's 1 billion adult smokers and we do not intend to attract underage users,\" Juul spokesman Ted Kwong said. \"To the extent these cases allege otherwise, they are without merit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district's suit alleges that while numerous restrictions on advertising have been imposed on traditional tobacco companies, such as prohibitions on billboard advertising, sponsorship of events, free samples and \"flavored\" cigarettes, that e-cigarette makers have encountered none of those obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"juul-labs\" label=\"related coverage\"]For Big Tobacco, those advertising avenues \"were prohibited because of their effectiveness at appealing to youth,\" according to the complaint, even as \"all of these activities figured prominently in Juul's marketing campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Juul used \"youth-appealing imagery\" on billboards in New York's Times Square and \"held a series of at least 50 highly stylized parties, typically with music entertainment, in cities across the United States,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district alleges that Juul has so successfully inculcated young people with its advertising campaign that students now often refer to school restrooms — often \"just a cloud\" from all the vaping smoke, the complaint says — as \"the Juul room.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across the United States, schools have had to divert resources and administrators have had to go to extreme lengths to respond to the ever-growing number of students using Juuls on school grounds,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Pelosi: I'll Send Articles of Impeachment to Senate 'When I'm Ready'",
"title": "Pelosi: I'll Send Articles of Impeachment to Senate 'When I'm Ready'",
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"content": "\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said she expects to release her hold on the two articles of impeachment against President Trump \"soon,\" but for now she is still holding out to learn more about how Republicans plan to conduct a Senate trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, I'm not holding them indefinitely,\" Pelosi told reporters Thursday at a weekly press conference. \"I'll send them over when I'm ready. That will probably be soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi refused to give any additional information about the timing, saying Democrats want to know what Senate Republicans are \"willing to do and when they're willing to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have criticized Pelosi for refusing to take the procedural action of sending the articles to the Senate. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/18/788650493/house-to-debate-and-vote-on-articles-of-impeachment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The House approved the two articles\u003c/a> — abuse of power and obstruction of Congress — largely along party lines on Dec. 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\"]'All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules. We just want to know what they are.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., attempted to force Pelosi to drop her hold on Tuesday when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/07/794254074/mcconnell-will-move-ahead-with-impeachment-trial-rules-without-democrats-support\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced plans to approve Senate trial rules\u003c/a> without the help of Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi reiterated Thursday that she wants more information on what those rules would include. But she also indicated that she was not planning a fight over the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules,\" she said. \"We just want to know what they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the disagreement is who — if anyone — would act as witnesses during the trial. Democrats want a deal on that upfront, while McConnell wants to sort the issue with additional votes after the first phase of the trial, including opening arguments and a period allowing written questions from senators to both the prosecution and the defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats want to call four witnesses, including acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/06/793972905/bolton-says-he-would-testify-in-senate-impeachment-trial-if-subpoenaed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former national security adviser John Bolton\u003c/a>. They also want an agreement to admit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/23/790747698/newly-released-emails-fuel-democrats-trial-requests-as-mcconnell-stands-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new reporting\u003c/a> that has been released in recent weeks on the timing of Trump's decision to end a hold on foreign aid to Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi's hold on the articles was designed to give Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., more time and space to build pressure on McConnell to include witness testimony as part of the rules governing the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell has defended his proposed approach, saying it mirrors the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton. Democrats say it is an unfair comparison because during the Clinton trial, the Senate was considering re-calling witnesses who had already testified before the House. This time, Democrats want to hear from people whose testimony the Trump administration has blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"impeachment\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will not let them say this is just like Clinton. Fair is fair — it is not,\" Pelosi said. \"Documentation, facts, witnesses, truth. That's what they're afraid of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she held back, a small group of Senate Republican moderates did express interest in hearing from witnesses, but they ultimately backed McConnell's framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumer would need four GOP senators to join with the entire Democratic caucus to foil McConnell's strategy of passing rules without sorting the witnesses. He has been unable to persuade any to break with the top Republican leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure on Pelosi began to grow from fellow Democrats soon after it became clear they would not be able to force McConnell to negotiate on the terms of a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I respect the fact that she is concerned about the fact about whether or not there will be a fair trial. But I do think it is time to get on with it,\" Sen. Chris Coons, D-Del., \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/08/senate-democrats-break-pelosi-over-impeachment-096224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told Politico\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "For weeks, the House speaker has refrained from sending the articles to the Senate, saying she needed details on how an impeachment trial would work. But Thursday, she indicated she would soon relent.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said she expects to release her hold on the two articles of impeachment against President Trump \"soon,\" but for now she is still holding out to learn more about how Republicans plan to conduct a Senate trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, I'm not holding them indefinitely,\" Pelosi told reporters Thursday at a weekly press conference. \"I'll send them over when I'm ready. That will probably be soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi refused to give any additional information about the timing, saying Democrats want to know what Senate Republicans are \"willing to do and when they're willing to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have criticized Pelosi for refusing to take the procedural action of sending the articles to the Senate. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/18/788650493/house-to-debate-and-vote-on-articles-of-impeachment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The House approved the two articles\u003c/a> — abuse of power and obstruction of Congress — largely along party lines on Dec. 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., attempted to force Pelosi to drop her hold on Tuesday when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/07/794254074/mcconnell-will-move-ahead-with-impeachment-trial-rules-without-democrats-support\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced plans to approve Senate trial rules\u003c/a> without the help of Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi reiterated Thursday that she wants more information on what those rules would include. But she also indicated that she was not planning a fight over the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules,\" she said. \"We just want to know what they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the disagreement is who — if anyone — would act as witnesses during the trial. Democrats want a deal on that upfront, while McConnell wants to sort the issue with additional votes after the first phase of the trial, including opening arguments and a period allowing written questions from senators to both the prosecution and the defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats want to call four witnesses, including acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/06/793972905/bolton-says-he-would-testify-in-senate-impeachment-trial-if-subpoenaed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former national security adviser John Bolton\u003c/a>. They also want an agreement to admit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/23/790747698/newly-released-emails-fuel-democrats-trial-requests-as-mcconnell-stands-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new reporting\u003c/a> that has been released in recent weeks on the timing of Trump's decision to end a hold on foreign aid to Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi's hold on the articles was designed to give Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., more time and space to build pressure on McConnell to include witness testimony as part of the rules governing the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell has defended his proposed approach, saying it mirrors the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton. Democrats say it is an unfair comparison because during the Clinton trial, the Senate was considering re-calling witnesses who had already testified before the House. This time, Democrats want to hear from people whose testimony the Trump administration has blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will not let them say this is just like Clinton. Fair is fair — it is not,\" Pelosi said. \"Documentation, facts, witnesses, truth. That's what they're afraid of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she held back, a small group of Senate Republican moderates did express interest in hearing from witnesses, but they ultimately backed McConnell's framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumer would need four GOP senators to join with the entire Democratic caucus to foil McConnell's strategy of passing rules without sorting the witnesses. He has been unable to persuade any to break with the top Republican leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure on Pelosi began to grow from fellow Democrats soon after it became clear they would not be able to force McConnell to negotiate on the terms of a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I respect the fact that she is concerned about the fact about whether or not there will be a fair trial. But I do think it is time to get on with it,\" Sen. Chris Coons, D-Del., \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/08/senate-democrats-break-pelosi-over-impeachment-096224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told Politico\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook says it’s banning many types of misleading videos from its site, in a push against deepfake content and online misinformation campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/enforcing-against-manipulated-media/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook’s new ban\u003c/a> targets videos that are manipulated to make it appear someone said words they didn’t actually say. The company won’t allow videos on its site if they’ve been either edited or computer-generated in ways that the average person couldn’t detect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"facebook\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Facebook isn’t banning all deepfake videos. It will allow the technique to be used in parodies or satire, and it will also allow clips that were edited only to cut out or change the order of words. Those exceptions could open up a gray area in which fact-checkers must decide what content is allowed and what is taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deepfake videos can be created in several ways, from video editing software to sophisticated artificial intelligence tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While these videos are still rare on the internet, they present a significant challenge for our industry and society as their use increases,” \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/alerts/Facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook\u003c/a>‘s vice president of global policy management, Monika Bickert, said in a blog post about the new policy Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is pushing back on deepfake videos as the 2020 presidential campaign ramps up — and the company clearly hopes to avoid a repeat of the fallout from the 2016 election, when it was accused of allowing voter manipulation from fake accounts and thousands of Russian-backed political ads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro8b69VeL9U\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its announcement, Facebook laid out two main criteria for banning deepfake videos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It has been edited or synthesized — beyond adjustments for clarity or quality — in ways that aren’t apparent to an average person and would likely mislead someone into thinking that a subject of the video said words that they did not actually say. And:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the product of artificial intelligence or machine learning that merges, replaces or superimposes content onto a video, making it appear to be authentic.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In two high-profile cases from last summer, misleading videos featured House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Facebook’s own CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, in highly manipulated footage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pelosi’s case, the video’s audio was altered to make it seem as if she was slurring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11750792 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Nancy-Pelosi-1020x709.jpg']The Zuckerberg deepfake was both more sophisticated and satirical, showing the billionaire gloating about using data to control the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it will work with governments, academia and tech companies to go after manipulated media and the people who produce it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also says it’s working with experts to improve its ability to detect manipulated media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook says it’s banning many types of misleading videos from its site, in a push against deepfake content and online misinformation campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/enforcing-against-manipulated-media/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook’s new ban\u003c/a> targets videos that are manipulated to make it appear someone said words they didn’t actually say. The company won’t allow videos on its site if they’ve been either edited or computer-generated in ways that the average person couldn’t detect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Facebook isn’t banning all deepfake videos. It will allow the technique to be used in parodies or satire, and it will also allow clips that were edited only to cut out or change the order of words. Those exceptions could open up a gray area in which fact-checkers must decide what content is allowed and what is taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deepfake videos can be created in several ways, from video editing software to sophisticated artificial intelligence tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While these videos are still rare on the internet, they present a significant challenge for our industry and society as their use increases,” \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/alerts/Facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook\u003c/a>‘s vice president of global policy management, Monika Bickert, said in a blog post about the new policy Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is pushing back on deepfake videos as the 2020 presidential campaign ramps up — and the company clearly hopes to avoid a repeat of the fallout from the 2016 election, when it was accused of allowing voter manipulation from fake accounts and thousands of Russian-backed political ads.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Ro8b69VeL9U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Ro8b69VeL9U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its announcement, Facebook laid out two main criteria for banning deepfake videos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It has been edited or synthesized — beyond adjustments for clarity or quality — in ways that aren’t apparent to an average person and would likely mislead someone into thinking that a subject of the video said words that they did not actually say. And:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the product of artificial intelligence or machine learning that merges, replaces or superimposes content onto a video, making it appear to be authentic.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In two high-profile cases from last summer, misleading videos featured House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Facebook’s own CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, in highly manipulated footage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pelosi’s case, the video’s audio was altered to make it seem as if she was slurring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Zuckerberg deepfake was both more sophisticated and satirical, showing the billionaire gloating about using data to control the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it will work with governments, academia and tech companies to go after manipulated media and the people who produce it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also says it’s working with experts to improve its ability to detect manipulated media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:12 p.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. forces assassinated Iranian Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani in an airstrike late Thursday, Eastern time. The strike, near the Baghdad International Airport, was an escalation of tensions between Washington and Tehran that is prompting concerns of further violence in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense Secretary Mark Esper \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/2049534/statement-by-the-department-of-defense/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> the Pentagon took a “decisive defensive action” in killing Soleimani, who Esper says was plotting to target American diplomats and service members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This strike was aimed at deterring future Iranian attack plans,” Esper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who authorized the attack, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/03/793293543/there-will-be-reprisals-democrats-warn-of-fallout-from-killing-of-iranian-genera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">made his first public remarks Friday afternoon \u003c/a>and defended the action as necessary to protect national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war,” Trump said from his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11793871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11793871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Trump makes a statement at the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida, on Jan. 3, 2020, a day after the U.S. launched an airstrike in Baghdad that killed a top Iranian general. Trump said that America does not seek war or regime change with Iran. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For two decades, Soleimani led the elite Quds Force, a branch of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, responsible for the country’s intelligence and military operations outside of Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamid Mousavi, a political science professor at the University of Tehran, said the strike stunned many Iranians who revere the military leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\"]‘America — and the world — cannot afford to have tensions escalate to the point of no return.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be akin to Iran assassinating the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,” Mousavi told NPR. “Essentially, it’s an act of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Department on Friday urged U.S. citizens to immediately leave Iraq, where officials say the embassy in Baghdad was attacked by Iran-backed militias earlier in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike on Soleimani came a week after a rocket attack in northern Iraq killed a U.S. contractor. American officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/01/792739572/why-the-u-s-embassy-in-iraq-became-a-target-of-anger-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> an Iranian-backed militia was responsible. The Trump administration also tied Soleimani to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/31/792579958/mob-angered-by-airstrikes-tries-to-storm-u-s-embassy-compound-in-baghdad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">violent protests\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a statement the airstrike against Soleimani was “disproportionate,” arguing that it “risks provoking further dangerous escalation of violence. America — and the world — cannot afford to have tensions escalate to the point of no return.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SpeakerPelosi/status/1213096517063589890\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland congresswoman Barbara Lee echoed Pelosi, saying the strike without congressional authorization was a “dangerous escalation of tensions” that brings the U.S. and Iran “close to the brink of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must work to prevent further military action in the region,” Lee said in a statement. “We have known for years that there is no military solution, and it’s past time to return to a diplomatic strategy with our allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congresswoman Jackie Speier, D-San Mateo, said in a statement that Trump has ” … waved the red flag at Iran since the beginning of his Presidency and ignored the pleas of our Allies to remain in the [Iran nuclear deal].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans celebrated the killing of Soleimani, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1212929356424785920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">saying\u003c/a> America is safer after the violent leader was brought to justice. But Democrats largely slammed the White House for not consulting Congress before the strike and worried the attack \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/1212954668340563969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">would lead\u003c/a> to an “almost inevitable escalation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iranian leaders quickly responded to the attack as well, expressing outrage over the killing. The country’s foreign minister, Javad Zarif, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1212946202280579073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called\u003c/a> it “an act of international terrorism,” saying the U.S. “bears responsibility for all consequences of its rogue adventurism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said in a statement on Iranian state TV that a “harsh retaliation is waiting” for the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11793824 label='We want to hear from you' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1191140256-1-1020x680.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iranian President Hassan Rouhani \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HassanRouhani/status/1213009152093696005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was\u003c/a> just as forceful, describing the strike as a “heinous crime” for which Iran will seek revenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike also killed Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an adviser to Soleimani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the biggest question now is how does Tehran respond?” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ilangoldenberg/status/1212938815121309696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> Ilan Goldenberg, a Middle East security expert who worked on Iran issues in the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Targeting an American diplomatic facility or senior leader with a terrorist attack elsewhere in the world may feel proportional for the Iranians but this is very hard to pull off. Outside of the Mideast their capabilities are much more limited,” Goldenberg \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ilangoldenberg/status/1212939867430309892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naysan Rafati, a senior Iran analyst at the International Crisis Group, underscored just how significant the death of Soleimani is inside Iran, where he is among the country’s most revered military leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major blow to the Iranians, symbolically as well as strategically. There has been no individual as deeply associated with Iran’s regional network of partners and proxies as Soleimani, which made him a hero to Tehran’s allies and a villain without peer to its rivals,” Rafati said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who is vacationing on his estate in Florida, tweeted a photo of an American flag with no other message. Trump had earlier vowed that Iran would “pay a very big price” for the unrest at the U.S. embassy compound in Baghdad.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Soleimani and the Quds Force\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Soleimani was one of Iran’s most powerful and shadowy figures. As leader of the Quds Force, he was said to be responsible for the country’s development and coordination with militias and proxy forces throughout the Middle East. U.S. officials accuse him of coordinating Iraqi militia attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials have also accused Soleimani of sponsoring terrorism and singled him out as a major figure for decades. The Trump administration placed the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — which includes the Quds Force — on the State Department’s list of terrorist groups. It was the first time a government’s official military was placed on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Roule, now retired, tracked Iran through his career with the CIA and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. He told NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> the death of Soleimani was significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Norman_Roule/status/1212922169539407878?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1212922169539407878&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F01%2F02%2F793208096%2Firaqi-tv-says-top-iranian-military-leader-killed-in-rocket-strikes-on-iraqi-airp\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can expect seismic waves to go through the Shia communities of Lebanon, Iraq and Iran,” Roule said. “You can expect that the Iranians and the Iraqi militia groups will certainly seek some sort of retribution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roule called Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, who was also killed, Soleimani’s “senior-most lieutenant in the Iraqi military architecture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roule said he believed the U.S. would not have carried out the strikes unless “a significant terrorist attack was underway or about to be undertaken by these individuals and if neutralizing these individuals would prevent that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"iran\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soleimani’s Quds Force is a “sort of a mixture of our special operations and Central Intelligence Agency,” according to Roule. “He [had] been given charge of Iran’s foreign policy in the region and in essence he used that authority to create a series of militias based on the Lebanese Hezbollah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a military commander he would not actually rank in capacity or stature with a first-world military commander, such as a U.S. general. However, his political reach was vast … in that Iran basically ceded its regional activities to his purview,” Roule said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/27/632933227/commander-of-irans-quds-force-we-are-ready-if-u-s-attacks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In 2018\u003c/a>, Soleimani spoke with political authority when he responded to a tweet by President Trump, who said Iran would “suffer consequences the likes of which few throughout history have ever suffered before” if it repeated threats against the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soleimani was \u003ca href=\"https://en.mehrnews.com/news/136088/We-are-closer-to-you-than-you-think-Gen-Soleimani-to-Trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quoted by the semiofficial Tasnim news agency\u003c/a>: “As a soldier, it is my duty to respond to your threats,” he said. “It is not in our president’s dignity to respond to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Come. We are ready,” Soleimani said, accusing Trump of using “the language of nightclubs and gambling halls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you begin the war, we will end the war,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post will be updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\"> NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani was killed in Baghdad late Thursday Eastern time. The U.S. secretary of defense said Soleimani \"was actively developing plans to attack American diplomats and service members throughout the region.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:12 p.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. forces assassinated Iranian Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani in an airstrike late Thursday, Eastern time. The strike, near the Baghdad International Airport, was an escalation of tensions between Washington and Tehran that is prompting concerns of further violence in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense Secretary Mark Esper \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/2049534/statement-by-the-department-of-defense/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> the Pentagon took a “decisive defensive action” in killing Soleimani, who Esper says was plotting to target American diplomats and service members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This strike was aimed at deterring future Iranian attack plans,” Esper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who authorized the attack, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/03/793293543/there-will-be-reprisals-democrats-warn-of-fallout-from-killing-of-iranian-genera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">made his first public remarks Friday afternoon \u003c/a>and defended the action as necessary to protect national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war,” Trump said from his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11793871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11793871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Trump makes a statement at the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida, on Jan. 3, 2020, a day after the U.S. launched an airstrike in Baghdad that killed a top Iranian general. Trump said that America does not seek war or regime change with Iran. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For two decades, Soleimani led the elite Quds Force, a branch of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, responsible for the country’s intelligence and military operations outside of Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamid Mousavi, a political science professor at the University of Tehran, said the strike stunned many Iranians who revere the military leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be akin to Iran assassinating the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,” Mousavi told NPR. “Essentially, it’s an act of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Department on Friday urged U.S. citizens to immediately leave Iraq, where officials say the embassy in Baghdad was attacked by Iran-backed militias earlier in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike on Soleimani came a week after a rocket attack in northern Iraq killed a U.S. contractor. American officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/01/792739572/why-the-u-s-embassy-in-iraq-became-a-target-of-anger-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> an Iranian-backed militia was responsible. The Trump administration also tied Soleimani to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/31/792579958/mob-angered-by-airstrikes-tries-to-storm-u-s-embassy-compound-in-baghdad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">violent protests\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a statement the airstrike against Soleimani was “disproportionate,” arguing that it “risks provoking further dangerous escalation of violence. America — and the world — cannot afford to have tensions escalate to the point of no return.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Oakland congresswoman Barbara Lee echoed Pelosi, saying the strike without congressional authorization was a “dangerous escalation of tensions” that brings the U.S. and Iran “close to the brink of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must work to prevent further military action in the region,” Lee said in a statement. “We have known for years that there is no military solution, and it’s past time to return to a diplomatic strategy with our allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congresswoman Jackie Speier, D-San Mateo, said in a statement that Trump has ” … waved the red flag at Iran since the beginning of his Presidency and ignored the pleas of our Allies to remain in the [Iran nuclear deal].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans celebrated the killing of Soleimani, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1212929356424785920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">saying\u003c/a> America is safer after the violent leader was brought to justice. But Democrats largely slammed the White House for not consulting Congress before the strike and worried the attack \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/1212954668340563969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">would lead\u003c/a> to an “almost inevitable escalation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iranian leaders quickly responded to the attack as well, expressing outrage over the killing. The country’s foreign minister, Javad Zarif, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1212946202280579073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called\u003c/a> it “an act of international terrorism,” saying the U.S. “bears responsibility for all consequences of its rogue adventurism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said in a statement on Iranian state TV that a “harsh retaliation is waiting” for the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iranian President Hassan Rouhani \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HassanRouhani/status/1213009152093696005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was\u003c/a> just as forceful, describing the strike as a “heinous crime” for which Iran will seek revenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike also killed Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an adviser to Soleimani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the biggest question now is how does Tehran respond?” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ilangoldenberg/status/1212938815121309696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> Ilan Goldenberg, a Middle East security expert who worked on Iran issues in the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Targeting an American diplomatic facility or senior leader with a terrorist attack elsewhere in the world may feel proportional for the Iranians but this is very hard to pull off. Outside of the Mideast their capabilities are much more limited,” Goldenberg \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ilangoldenberg/status/1212939867430309892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naysan Rafati, a senior Iran analyst at the International Crisis Group, underscored just how significant the death of Soleimani is inside Iran, where he is among the country’s most revered military leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major blow to the Iranians, symbolically as well as strategically. There has been no individual as deeply associated with Iran’s regional network of partners and proxies as Soleimani, which made him a hero to Tehran’s allies and a villain without peer to its rivals,” Rafati said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who is vacationing on his estate in Florida, tweeted a photo of an American flag with no other message. Trump had earlier vowed that Iran would “pay a very big price” for the unrest at the U.S. embassy compound in Baghdad.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Soleimani and the Quds Force\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Soleimani was one of Iran’s most powerful and shadowy figures. As leader of the Quds Force, he was said to be responsible for the country’s development and coordination with militias and proxy forces throughout the Middle East. U.S. officials accuse him of coordinating Iraqi militia attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials have also accused Soleimani of sponsoring terrorism and singled him out as a major figure for decades. The Trump administration placed the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — which includes the Quds Force — on the State Department’s list of terrorist groups. It was the first time a government’s official military was placed on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Roule, now retired, tracked Iran through his career with the CIA and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. He told NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> the death of Soleimani was significant.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“You can expect seismic waves to go through the Shia communities of Lebanon, Iraq and Iran,” Roule said. “You can expect that the Iranians and the Iraqi militia groups will certainly seek some sort of retribution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roule called Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, who was also killed, Soleimani’s “senior-most lieutenant in the Iraqi military architecture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roule said he believed the U.S. would not have carried out the strikes unless “a significant terrorist attack was underway or about to be undertaken by these individuals and if neutralizing these individuals would prevent that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soleimani’s Quds Force is a “sort of a mixture of our special operations and Central Intelligence Agency,” according to Roule. “He [had] been given charge of Iran’s foreign policy in the region and in essence he used that authority to create a series of militias based on the Lebanese Hezbollah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a military commander he would not actually rank in capacity or stature with a first-world military commander, such as a U.S. general. However, his political reach was vast … in that Iran basically ceded its regional activities to his purview,” Roule said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/27/632933227/commander-of-irans-quds-force-we-are-ready-if-u-s-attacks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In 2018\u003c/a>, Soleimani spoke with political authority when he responded to a tweet by President Trump, who said Iran would “suffer consequences the likes of which few throughout history have ever suffered before” if it repeated threats against the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soleimani was \u003ca href=\"https://en.mehrnews.com/news/136088/We-are-closer-to-you-than-you-think-Gen-Soleimani-to-Trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quoted by the semiofficial Tasnim news agency\u003c/a>: “As a soldier, it is my duty to respond to your threats,” he said. “It is not in our president’s dignity to respond to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Come. We are ready,” Soleimani said, accusing Trump of using “the language of nightclubs and gambling halls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you begin the war, we will end the war,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post will be updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\"> NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For decades, major tobacco companies have fought against raising the age limit to buy their products from 18 to 21. But recently, some cigarette and e-cigarette giants have started lobbying for the minimum age to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Raising the purchase age to 21 reduces underage access,” a radio ad from e-cigarette giant Juul \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/t21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a>. “That’s why Juul Labs supports making 21+ the law nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, President Trump signed a congressional spending bill that includes a new federal regulation raising the age of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health advocates are not wholeheartedly celebrating the change. They worry it may help the companies stave off further sweeping regulations of their industry and wonder how stringently it will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Crane, a physician at Ohio State University, has been campaigning to raise the minimum age for more than two decades through \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco21.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">his group Tobacco 21\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it started pushing for firmer laws, “we were killed at every turn,” he remembers. “The industry hated this idea and they used their very potent political lobbying power to stifle it in every state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archival tobacco industry documents show why the companies objected, says \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/people/stanton-glantz-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stan Glantz\u003c/a>, the director of University of California San Francisco’s Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s because it made it harder to market to kids,” he says. “[It’s] very hard to design a marketing campaign where the nominal target [is] … people who are 21, and still pick up 12-year-olds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the Tobacco 21 movement, the industry landscape has changed considerably. Now millions of teens are hooked on e-cigarettes, a source of considerable public concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health advocates are currently pushing for more sweeping regulations than the age limit raise, such as banning flavors for e-cigarettes — something the industry has fought. University of Virginia historian \u003ca href=\"https://history.virginia.edu/people/profile/sem9dw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sarah Milov\u003c/a>, who wrote a book about tobacco, says the big companies have likely been willing to accept the stricter age limits “in order to take the public’s eyes off of other proposals for addressing youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glantz says he thinks the new federal age restrictions give the industry “something they can argue: ‘Well, we’ve done enough. You don’t need to get rid of flavors,’ which in terms of reducing youth tobacco use is probably the single most important thing to do right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Myers, the president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, echoed that idea. He said \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/press-releases/2019_12_11_congress_health_bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a> that the new law “will not bring about meaningful change, but will lead to the tobacco companies falsely claiming that the youth e-cigarette problem has been solved even as it continues to grow worse every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an op-ed earlier this year in \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/431651-raise-the-legal-age-for-all-tobacco-products-to-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Hill\u003c/a>, Altria CEO Howard Willard said the Food and Drug Administration made clear that the company might find itself in trouble with federal regulators unless it did more to address teen vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put simply, we cannot continue to expand … [e-cigarettes] for adults unless we help curb youth access to all tobacco products, including e-vapor,” Willard said. Altria owns Philip Morris USA, which makes Marlboro cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal age limit raise comes after a rapid succession of new laws at the state and local levels. At least 19 states and the District of Columbia have passed some form of the 21 age limit, many in the past year and with the support of big companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Glantz says he sees a familiar strategy from the industry as these laws have passed. In this and previous fights, he says tobacco companies will preemptively lobby for bills that are weak or don’t spell out effective enforcement mechanisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"vaping\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve tried to co-opt the issue and started pushing bad legislation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two most prominent companies supporting the age restriction are Juul and Altria. When NPR reached out, they didn’t respond to these criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal legislation was put forward in the Senate by Democrat Tim Kaine and Republican Mitch McConnell, the majority leader who has long been seen as a friend to the tobacco industry. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/17/730496066/tobaccos-special-friend-what-internal-documents-say-about-mitch-mcconnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s Embedded podcast\u003c/a> found, “vaping and tobacco companies are currently employing McConnell’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfs-dc.com/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/Q1/301038362.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy adviser\u003c/a>, his former \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/RR/301024486.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy director\u003c/a> and his \u003ca href=\"https://www.akingump.com/en/lawyers-advisors/hunter-bates.html\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2018/Q4/301009679.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chief of staff\u003c/a> to lobby on their behalf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcconnell.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/pressreleases?ID=17523CAF-6BA1-4894-9BD0-45A67B1A2D96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after the federal law passed\u003c/a>, McConnell called the recent spate of vaping-related illnesses an “urgent crisis” and stressed that the new measure will help “keep these dangerous products away from our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has jurisdiction over enforcing the federal law. Crane, the longtime advocate for raising the age limit, has questions about how aggressive it will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s watched how the FDA regulated the previous age limit of 18, and says he would want to see more compliance checks and fewer violations allowed for tobacco retailers. He says the law will do little to keep tobacco products away from kids and young adults if it’s not enforced, and he believes local health authorities would be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that waiting for the FDA is kind of like waiting for Godot. They don’t do anything. They bark but never bite,” Crane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn praised the new age limit and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SteveFDA/status/1208232123833958401?s=20\">said in a tweet \u003c/a>that “more details will be forthcoming as we update our regulations to carry out this provision of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane says his group is going to continue pushing for even tougher laws at the state and local levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Tobacco+Industry+Giants+Backed+Raising+The+Minimum+Age+Of+Purchase&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For decades, major tobacco companies have fought against raising the age limit to buy their products from 18 to 21. But recently, some cigarette and e-cigarette giants have started lobbying for the minimum age to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Raising the purchase age to 21 reduces underage access,” a radio ad from e-cigarette giant Juul \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/t21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a>. “That’s why Juul Labs supports making 21+ the law nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, President Trump signed a congressional spending bill that includes a new federal regulation raising the age of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health advocates are not wholeheartedly celebrating the change. They worry it may help the companies stave off further sweeping regulations of their industry and wonder how stringently it will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Crane, a physician at Ohio State University, has been campaigning to raise the minimum age for more than two decades through \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco21.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">his group Tobacco 21\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it started pushing for firmer laws, “we were killed at every turn,” he remembers. “The industry hated this idea and they used their very potent political lobbying power to stifle it in every state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archival tobacco industry documents show why the companies objected, says \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/people/stanton-glantz-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stan Glantz\u003c/a>, the director of University of California San Francisco’s Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s because it made it harder to market to kids,” he says. “[It’s] very hard to design a marketing campaign where the nominal target [is] … people who are 21, and still pick up 12-year-olds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the Tobacco 21 movement, the industry landscape has changed considerably. Now millions of teens are hooked on e-cigarettes, a source of considerable public concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health advocates are currently pushing for more sweeping regulations than the age limit raise, such as banning flavors for e-cigarettes — something the industry has fought. University of Virginia historian \u003ca href=\"https://history.virginia.edu/people/profile/sem9dw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sarah Milov\u003c/a>, who wrote a book about tobacco, says the big companies have likely been willing to accept the stricter age limits “in order to take the public’s eyes off of other proposals for addressing youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glantz says he thinks the new federal age restrictions give the industry “something they can argue: ‘Well, we’ve done enough. You don’t need to get rid of flavors,’ which in terms of reducing youth tobacco use is probably the single most important thing to do right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Myers, the president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, echoed that idea. He said \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/press-releases/2019_12_11_congress_health_bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a> that the new law “will not bring about meaningful change, but will lead to the tobacco companies falsely claiming that the youth e-cigarette problem has been solved even as it continues to grow worse every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an op-ed earlier this year in \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/431651-raise-the-legal-age-for-all-tobacco-products-to-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Hill\u003c/a>, Altria CEO Howard Willard said the Food and Drug Administration made clear that the company might find itself in trouble with federal regulators unless it did more to address teen vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put simply, we cannot continue to expand … [e-cigarettes] for adults unless we help curb youth access to all tobacco products, including e-vapor,” Willard said. Altria owns Philip Morris USA, which makes Marlboro cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal age limit raise comes after a rapid succession of new laws at the state and local levels. At least 19 states and the District of Columbia have passed some form of the 21 age limit, many in the past year and with the support of big companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Glantz says he sees a familiar strategy from the industry as these laws have passed. In this and previous fights, he says tobacco companies will preemptively lobby for bills that are weak or don’t spell out effective enforcement mechanisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve tried to co-opt the issue and started pushing bad legislation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two most prominent companies supporting the age restriction are Juul and Altria. When NPR reached out, they didn’t respond to these criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal legislation was put forward in the Senate by Democrat Tim Kaine and Republican Mitch McConnell, the majority leader who has long been seen as a friend to the tobacco industry. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/17/730496066/tobaccos-special-friend-what-internal-documents-say-about-mitch-mcconnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s Embedded podcast\u003c/a> found, “vaping and tobacco companies are currently employing McConnell’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfs-dc.com/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/Q1/301038362.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy adviser\u003c/a>, his former \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/RR/301024486.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy director\u003c/a> and his \u003ca href=\"https://www.akingump.com/en/lawyers-advisors/hunter-bates.html\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2018/Q4/301009679.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chief of staff\u003c/a> to lobby on their behalf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcconnell.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/pressreleases?ID=17523CAF-6BA1-4894-9BD0-45A67B1A2D96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after the federal law passed\u003c/a>, McConnell called the recent spate of vaping-related illnesses an “urgent crisis” and stressed that the new measure will help “keep these dangerous products away from our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has jurisdiction over enforcing the federal law. Crane, the longtime advocate for raising the age limit, has questions about how aggressive it will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s watched how the FDA regulated the previous age limit of 18, and says he would want to see more compliance checks and fewer violations allowed for tobacco retailers. He says the law will do little to keep tobacco products away from kids and young adults if it’s not enforced, and he believes local health authorities would be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that waiting for the FDA is kind of like waiting for Godot. They don’t do anything. They bark but never bite,” Crane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn praised the new age limit and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SteveFDA/status/1208232123833958401?s=20\">said in a tweet \u003c/a>that “more details will be forthcoming as we update our regulations to carry out this provision of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane says his group is going to continue pushing for even tougher laws at the state and local levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Tobacco+Industry+Giants+Backed+Raising+The+Minimum+Age+Of+Purchase&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "On Census, Facebook and Instagram to Ban Disinformation and False Ads",
"title": "On Census, Facebook and Instagram to Ban Disinformation and False Ads",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Facebook is changing user policies for its social media platforms to explicitly ban disinformation about and ads trying to discourage participation in the 2020 census, the company \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/helping-protect-the-us-census/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced on its website Thursday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it plans to enforce these specific bans on all users, including politicians — a departure from previous comments from Facebook officials who said the company did not want to restrict politicians' speech on its platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1207701433774157824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook's updated advertising policy\u003c/a>, ads that describe participating in the U.S. census as \"useless\" or \"meaningless\" are no longer allowed on Instagram or Facebook, which is one of NPR's financial sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11762042,news_11752275,news_11744587\" label=\"Census 2020\"]In January, the company plans to start removing any posts that misrepresent how and when the count is conducted, as well as who can participate. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1207702378650251264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook's updated Community Standards policy\u003c/a> also bans any misleading content misstating that participating in the census could lead to a person's arrest, deportation or imprisonment or that the Census Bureau will share an individual's census information with another government agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's announcement comes less than three months before the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S. is underway across the country in mid-March, after officially launching in remote Alaska in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and civil rights groups have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/05/774943933/social-media-sites-under-pressure-to-prep-for-census-trolls-and-interference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pressuring Facebook and other social media companies to prepare\u003c/a> for the first primarily online U.S. count. The Census Bureau has been trying to prepare for a potential onslaught of disinformation from Internet trolls and foreign governments in the coming months. In this final stretch before the census begins, concerns linger among immigrant groups and communities of color about the confidentiality of the personal information the government plans to gather, despite federal law prohibiting the bureau from releasing data identifying individuals until 72 years after collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the format of the census evolves, so do the ways that people share information about the census,\" Kevin Martin — Facebook's vice president of U.S. public policy who formerly chaired the Federal Communications Commission under President George W. Bush — and Samidh Chakrabarti, the company's director of product management for civic engagement, wrote on its website. \"This means we have to be more vigilant about protecting against census interference across posts and ads on Facebook and Instagram and help promote an accurate count of every person in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, Facebook has come under fire from critics of how it handles political ads, including ones that contain misleading statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our policy is that we do not fact-check politicians' speech, and the reason for that is that we believe that in a democracy, it is important that people can see for themselves what politicians are saying,\" Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testified in October during a congressional hearing before the House Financial Services Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's updated policies, however, do put some limits on what politicians can say. Political ads that target Facebook's users based in the U.S. are not allowed to advise people not to participate in the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Content that violates our census interference policy will not be allowed to remain on our platforms as newsworthy even if posted by a politician,\" Martin and Chakrabarti wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanita Gupta, president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, said Facebook is \"leading the industry with the most comprehensive policy to date to combat census interference efforts on its platform.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"mark-zuckerberg\" label=\"More on Facebook\"]\"It appears that Facebook has finally listened,\" Gupta said in a written statement. \"Any good policy is meaningless without proper enforcement. We, along with our partners, will continue to work with Facebook to ensure that policies against census and voter interference are fully implemented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it's also planning to monitor any posts and ads that contain inaccurate statements about the census but do not violate the company's policies. Users may see labels over certain content determined to be \"false\" by independent fact-checkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other tech companies have also recently rolled out updated user policies to prepare for the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Google, which owns YouTube, announced a new \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1204858407519477761?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ban on YouTube videos and user comments\u003c/a> that appear to be \"aiming to mislead participants about the time, means or eligibility requirements for participating in a census.\" In November, Google, which is also a financial sponsor of NPR, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1197534041928601600?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released an updated ad policy\u003c/a> citing information about census participation that \"contradicts official government records\" as an example of misleading content not allowed on the company's platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=On+Census%2C+Facebook+And+Instagram+To+Ban+Disinformation+And+False+Ads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook is changing user policies for its social media platforms to explicitly ban disinformation about and ads trying to discourage participation in the 2020 census, the company \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/helping-protect-the-us-census/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced on its website Thursday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it plans to enforce these specific bans on all users, including politicians — a departure from previous comments from Facebook officials who said the company did not want to restrict politicians' speech on its platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1207701433774157824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook's updated advertising policy\u003c/a>, ads that describe participating in the U.S. census as \"useless\" or \"meaningless\" are no longer allowed on Instagram or Facebook, which is one of NPR's financial sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In January, the company plans to start removing any posts that misrepresent how and when the count is conducted, as well as who can participate. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1207702378650251264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook's updated Community Standards policy\u003c/a> also bans any misleading content misstating that participating in the census could lead to a person's arrest, deportation or imprisonment or that the Census Bureau will share an individual's census information with another government agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's announcement comes less than three months before the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S. is underway across the country in mid-March, after officially launching in remote Alaska in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and civil rights groups have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/05/774943933/social-media-sites-under-pressure-to-prep-for-census-trolls-and-interference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pressuring Facebook and other social media companies to prepare\u003c/a> for the first primarily online U.S. count. The Census Bureau has been trying to prepare for a potential onslaught of disinformation from Internet trolls and foreign governments in the coming months. In this final stretch before the census begins, concerns linger among immigrant groups and communities of color about the confidentiality of the personal information the government plans to gather, despite federal law prohibiting the bureau from releasing data identifying individuals until 72 years after collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the format of the census evolves, so do the ways that people share information about the census,\" Kevin Martin — Facebook's vice president of U.S. public policy who formerly chaired the Federal Communications Commission under President George W. Bush — and Samidh Chakrabarti, the company's director of product management for civic engagement, wrote on its website. \"This means we have to be more vigilant about protecting against census interference across posts and ads on Facebook and Instagram and help promote an accurate count of every person in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, Facebook has come under fire from critics of how it handles political ads, including ones that contain misleading statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our policy is that we do not fact-check politicians' speech, and the reason for that is that we believe that in a democracy, it is important that people can see for themselves what politicians are saying,\" Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testified in October during a congressional hearing before the House Financial Services Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's updated policies, however, do put some limits on what politicians can say. Political ads that target Facebook's users based in the U.S. are not allowed to advise people not to participate in the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Content that violates our census interference policy will not be allowed to remain on our platforms as newsworthy even if posted by a politician,\" Martin and Chakrabarti wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanita Gupta, president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, said Facebook is \"leading the industry with the most comprehensive policy to date to combat census interference efforts on its platform.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"It appears that Facebook has finally listened,\" Gupta said in a written statement. \"Any good policy is meaningless without proper enforcement. We, along with our partners, will continue to work with Facebook to ensure that policies against census and voter interference are fully implemented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it's also planning to monitor any posts and ads that contain inaccurate statements about the census but do not violate the company's policies. Users may see labels over certain content determined to be \"false\" by independent fact-checkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other tech companies have also recently rolled out updated user policies to prepare for the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Google, which owns YouTube, announced a new \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1204858407519477761?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ban on YouTube videos and user comments\u003c/a> that appear to be \"aiming to mislead participants about the time, means or eligibility requirements for participating in a census.\" In November, Google, which is also a financial sponsor of NPR, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1197534041928601600?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released an updated ad policy\u003c/a> citing information about census participation that \"contradicts official government records\" as an example of misleading content not allowed on the company's platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=On+Census%2C+Facebook+And+Instagram+To+Ban+Disinformation+And+False+Ads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Hours of Fiery Speeches in Protest and Support, House Impeaches Trump",
"title": "After Hours of Fiery Speeches in Protest and Support, House Impeaches Trump",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 8:56 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is now just the third president in American history to be impeached. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">two articles of impeachment against President Trump\u003c/a>. The first article, which charges Trump with abuse of power, was approved largely along a party line vote, 230-197-1. The second article on obstructing Congress passed 229-198-1. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two Democrats opposed the first impeachment article, Minnesota Rep. Collin Peterson and New Jersey Rep. Jeff Van Drew, who is expected to switch parties to the GOP this week. Maine Rep. Jared Golden voted for the first article but against the second one. Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, who is seeking the Democratic nomination for president, voted present. No Republicans voted for either article, although Michigan Rep. Justin Amash, who left the GOP earlier this year to become an independent because he supported impeachment, also voted for both articles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House spent six hours of debate on the articles throughout the day on Wednesday. The vote came just one day before the 21 year anniversary of the House voting to impeach President Bill Clinton in 1998. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the debate, Democrats framed the choice as one to protect the Constitution and democracy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we do not act now,\" House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a speech on the floor, \"we would be derelict in our duty.\" She added that the president \"gave us no choice\" and called Trump an \"ongoing threat\" to national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and other Democratic women wore black to signify the solemnity of the occasion. But Rep. Doug Collins, R-Ga., disputed the idea of this being a somber moment for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not a solemn occasion,\" Collins said. \"When you go looking for something for three years, and especially this year since January, you ought to be excited when you've found it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins went on. \"Why do we keep calling this a solemn occasion when you've been wanting to do this ever since the gentleman was elected?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president, apparently following the debate at the White House, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1207355923573989376\">tweeted \u003c/a>(in all caps) that the \"radical left\" is putting forward \"atrocious lies\" and called the push for his impeachment \"an assault on America and an assault on the Republican party!!!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1207355923573989376?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday morning, the House debated the rules on how to proceed and approved it on a mostly party-line vote, 228-197. There were just two Democratic defections — Rep. Collin Peterson of Minnesota and Rep. Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These same two opposed the House resolution formalizing the impeachment inquiry. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/15/788219342/house-democrat-who-opposed-impeachment-plans-to-switch-to-the-republican-party\">Van Drew is planning to switch parties\u003c/a> but has not officially announced when he will become a Republican. The lone independent, Rep. Justin Amash of Michigan, voted with Democrats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules were determined by the House Rules Committee on Tuesday night. The morning session also saw some debate from members of Congress about Trump's impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one came to Congress to impeach a president,\" Rep. Ben Ray Luján, D-N.M., said on the House floor. But, he added, Trump's behavior \"is so blatantly wrong that ignoring his abuses of power would be abdicating the oath we made to protect this country and uphold our Constitution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members framed their votes as a legacy moment for their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Joe Kennedy, D-Mass., addressed his floor speech to his children. \"I want to tell you the story of this day,\" he said. \"Let the record show that today justice won, that we did our job, that we kept our word, that we stood our sacred ground. Let the record show that we did not let you down.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy concluded, \"I love you. Listen to Mom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"The Trump Impeachment Inquiry\" tag=\"impeachment\"]Rep. Barry Loudermilk, R-Ga., referenced Scripture. \"When Jesus was falsely accused of treason, Pontius Pilate gave Jesus the opportunity to face his accusers,\" Loudermilk said. \"During that sham trial, Pontius Pilate afforded more rights to Jesus than the Democrats have afforded this president in this process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Republicans complained about the impeachment process and argued the president has committed no crimes. There is \"no proof, none\" that the president committed an impeachable offense, said Rep. Debbie Lesko, R-Ariz. She charged that \"Democrats are tearing this country apart; they're tearing families apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., argued that Democrats have long wanted to impeach Trump. \"If we're really being honest,\" Cole said, \"Democrats have been searching to impeach President Trump since the day he was elected.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing lawmakers from both sides of the aisle did agree on: It was a sad day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a sad day. It is not a day for joy,\" said Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga. \"When you see something that is not right, not just, not fair, you have a moral obligation to say something, to do something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a sad day for America,\" agreed Rep. Bill Johnson, R-Ohio, before calling for a moment of silence to memorialize the 63 million Americans who voted for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, the House rejected two motions brought forward by Republicans seeking to delay the eventual impeachment vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The articles of impeachment were approved on a party-line vote last week by the House Judiciary Committee. Wednesday's vote is also expected to closely follow party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have remained solidly behind the president, while Democrats — who control the House — have run the process leading up to Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump on Tuesday released \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Letter-from-President-Trump-final.pdf\">a scorching letter\u003c/a> to Pelosi, in which he called the impeachment effort an \"illegal, partisan attempted coup.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are unwilling and unable to accept the verdict issued at the ballot box during the great Election of 2016,\" he wrote. \"So you have spent three straight years attempting to overturn the will of the American people and nullify their votes. You view democracy as your enemy!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president told reporters Tuesday that he takes \"zero\" responsibility for getting impeached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats charge that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the president abused the power of his office \"by ignoring national security and other vital national interests to obtain an improper personal political benefit,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/788383947/read-the-house-judiciary-committees-trump-impeachment-report\">an impeachment report\u003c/a> by House Democrats on the Judiciary Committee, released Sunday. It further charges that Trump \"betrayed the nation by abusing his high office to enlist a foreign power in corrupting democratic elections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the second article, obstruction of Congress, the Judiciary Committee majority charges\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>that \"no president has ever claimed the unilateral prerogative to categorically and indiscriminately deny a House impeachment inquiry\" and that Trump's\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\"direction to defy House subpoenas constituted an assault on the Impeachment Clause itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the House adopts the articles of impeachment, as expected, the next step is for leadership to name the impeachment managers for a Senate trial. That move could come as early as Wednesday night, but Pelosi will decide whom to tap and she has not signaled when she will do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Senate, meanwhile, White House staffers distributed Christmas cards from Trump as well as copies of his letter to Pelosi, according to Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Conn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ChrisMurphyCT/status/1207391721539227648?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Senate trial, all 100 senators will act as jurors. Two-thirds, or 67 votes, would be needed to convict Trump, an outcome that is unlikely\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>in the Republican-led Senate. In remarks to reporters on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/17/788924966/mcconnell-i-m-not-impartial-about-impeachment\">Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said he is not neutral\u003c/a> on whether Trump should be removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not an impartial juror,\" he said. \"This is a political process. There's not anything judicial about it. Impeachment is a political decision. The House made a partisan political decision to impeach. I would anticipate we will have a largely partisan outcome in the Senate. I'm not impartial about this at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving a taste of the continuing party battles, McConnell has rejected a Democratic proposal for certain witnesses. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., called for White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and former national security adviser John Bolton, along with two others, to testify. But McConnell rejected the idea, calling it \"dead wrong.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Hours+Of+Fiery+Speeches+In+Protest+And+Support%2C+House+Impeaches+Trump&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 8:56 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is now just the third president in American history to be impeached. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">two articles of impeachment against President Trump\u003c/a>. The first article, which charges Trump with abuse of power, was approved largely along a party line vote, 230-197-1. The second article on obstructing Congress passed 229-198-1. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two Democrats opposed the first impeachment article, Minnesota Rep. Collin Peterson and New Jersey Rep. Jeff Van Drew, who is expected to switch parties to the GOP this week. Maine Rep. Jared Golden voted for the first article but against the second one. Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, who is seeking the Democratic nomination for president, voted present. No Republicans voted for either article, although Michigan Rep. Justin Amash, who left the GOP earlier this year to become an independent because he supported impeachment, also voted for both articles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House spent six hours of debate on the articles throughout the day on Wednesday. The vote came just one day before the 21 year anniversary of the House voting to impeach President Bill Clinton in 1998. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the debate, Democrats framed the choice as one to protect the Constitution and democracy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we do not act now,\" House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a speech on the floor, \"we would be derelict in our duty.\" She added that the president \"gave us no choice\" and called Trump an \"ongoing threat\" to national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and other Democratic women wore black to signify the solemnity of the occasion. But Rep. Doug Collins, R-Ga., disputed the idea of this being a somber moment for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not a solemn occasion,\" Collins said. \"When you go looking for something for three years, and especially this year since January, you ought to be excited when you've found it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins went on. \"Why do we keep calling this a solemn occasion when you've been wanting to do this ever since the gentleman was elected?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president, apparently following the debate at the White House, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1207355923573989376\">tweeted \u003c/a>(in all caps) that the \"radical left\" is putting forward \"atrocious lies\" and called the push for his impeachment \"an assault on America and an assault on the Republican party!!!\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Wednesday morning, the House debated the rules on how to proceed and approved it on a mostly party-line vote, 228-197. There were just two Democratic defections — Rep. Collin Peterson of Minnesota and Rep. Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These same two opposed the House resolution formalizing the impeachment inquiry. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/15/788219342/house-democrat-who-opposed-impeachment-plans-to-switch-to-the-republican-party\">Van Drew is planning to switch parties\u003c/a> but has not officially announced when he will become a Republican. The lone independent, Rep. Justin Amash of Michigan, voted with Democrats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules were determined by the House Rules Committee on Tuesday night. The morning session also saw some debate from members of Congress about Trump's impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one came to Congress to impeach a president,\" Rep. Ben Ray Luján, D-N.M., said on the House floor. But, he added, Trump's behavior \"is so blatantly wrong that ignoring his abuses of power would be abdicating the oath we made to protect this country and uphold our Constitution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members framed their votes as a legacy moment for their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Joe Kennedy, D-Mass., addressed his floor speech to his children. \"I want to tell you the story of this day,\" he said. \"Let the record show that today justice won, that we did our job, that we kept our word, that we stood our sacred ground. Let the record show that we did not let you down.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy concluded, \"I love you. Listen to Mom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Rep. Barry Loudermilk, R-Ga., referenced Scripture. \"When Jesus was falsely accused of treason, Pontius Pilate gave Jesus the opportunity to face his accusers,\" Loudermilk said. \"During that sham trial, Pontius Pilate afforded more rights to Jesus than the Democrats have afforded this president in this process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Republicans complained about the impeachment process and argued the president has committed no crimes. There is \"no proof, none\" that the president committed an impeachable offense, said Rep. Debbie Lesko, R-Ariz. She charged that \"Democrats are tearing this country apart; they're tearing families apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., argued that Democrats have long wanted to impeach Trump. \"If we're really being honest,\" Cole said, \"Democrats have been searching to impeach President Trump since the day he was elected.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing lawmakers from both sides of the aisle did agree on: It was a sad day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a sad day. It is not a day for joy,\" said Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga. \"When you see something that is not right, not just, not fair, you have a moral obligation to say something, to do something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a sad day for America,\" agreed Rep. Bill Johnson, R-Ohio, before calling for a moment of silence to memorialize the 63 million Americans who voted for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, the House rejected two motions brought forward by Republicans seeking to delay the eventual impeachment vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The articles of impeachment were approved on a party-line vote last week by the House Judiciary Committee. Wednesday's vote is also expected to closely follow party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have remained solidly behind the president, while Democrats — who control the House — have run the process leading up to Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump on Tuesday released \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Letter-from-President-Trump-final.pdf\">a scorching letter\u003c/a> to Pelosi, in which he called the impeachment effort an \"illegal, partisan attempted coup.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are unwilling and unable to accept the verdict issued at the ballot box during the great Election of 2016,\" he wrote. \"So you have spent three straight years attempting to overturn the will of the American people and nullify their votes. You view democracy as your enemy!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president told reporters Tuesday that he takes \"zero\" responsibility for getting impeached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats charge that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the president abused the power of his office \"by ignoring national security and other vital national interests to obtain an improper personal political benefit,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/788383947/read-the-house-judiciary-committees-trump-impeachment-report\">an impeachment report\u003c/a> by House Democrats on the Judiciary Committee, released Sunday. It further charges that Trump \"betrayed the nation by abusing his high office to enlist a foreign power in corrupting democratic elections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the second article, obstruction of Congress, the Judiciary Committee majority charges\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>that \"no president has ever claimed the unilateral prerogative to categorically and indiscriminately deny a House impeachment inquiry\" and that Trump's\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\"direction to defy House subpoenas constituted an assault on the Impeachment Clause itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the House adopts the articles of impeachment, as expected, the next step is for leadership to name the impeachment managers for a Senate trial. That move could come as early as Wednesday night, but Pelosi will decide whom to tap and she has not signaled when she will do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Senate, meanwhile, White House staffers distributed Christmas cards from Trump as well as copies of his letter to Pelosi, according to Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Conn.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>At a Senate trial, all 100 senators will act as jurors. Two-thirds, or 67 votes, would be needed to convict Trump, an outcome that is unlikely\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>in the Republican-led Senate. In remarks to reporters on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/17/788924966/mcconnell-i-m-not-impartial-about-impeachment\">Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said he is not neutral\u003c/a> on whether Trump should be removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not an impartial juror,\" he said. \"This is a political process. There's not anything judicial about it. Impeachment is a political decision. The House made a partisan political decision to impeach. I would anticipate we will have a largely partisan outcome in the Senate. I'm not impartial about this at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving a taste of the continuing party battles, McConnell has rejected a Democratic proposal for certain witnesses. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., called for White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and former national security adviser John Bolton, along with two others, to testify. But McConnell rejected the idea, calling it \"dead wrong.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Hours+Of+Fiery+Speeches+In+Protest+And+Support%2C+House+Impeaches+Trump&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
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