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"disqusTitle": "FEC Commissioner Rips Facebook Over Political Ad Policy: 'This Will Not Do'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook says it will continue to allow political ads that target the social media platform's users, sticking to its position despite concerns about the potential impact on the upcoming presidential election. Federal Election Commissioner Ellen Weintraub sharply criticized the policy, saying Facebook's \"weak plan suggests the company has no idea how seriously it is hurting democracy.\"\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rob Leathern, Facebook's director of product management\"]'People should be able to hear from those who wish to lead them, warts and all, and that what they say should be scrutinized and debated in public.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's policy falls short of measures recently taken by other tech giants. Google says it will limit the ability of political ads to target an audience, and Twitter has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783864/twitter-bans-all-political-ads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> banned\u003c/a> political ads entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking aim at Facebook's policy in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EllenLWeintraub/status/1215277203249860608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series of tweets\u003c/a> Thursday morning, Weintraub, a Democrat, said, \"I am not willing to bet the 2020 elections on the proposition that Facebook has solved its problems with a solution whose chief feature appears to be that it doesn't seriously impact the company's profit margins.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EllenLWeintraub/status/1215277203249860608\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also says it's not changing how it handles the content of ads. While the company says its community standards bar hate speech and harmful content, \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/political-ads/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the policy announced Thursday\u003c/a> does not address calls from those who want the company to fact-check ads before it publishes them. \u003cem>(Note: Facebook is among NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the policy Thursday, Facebook's director of product management, Rob Leathern, wrote that \"people should be able to hear from those who wish to lead them, warts and all, and that what they say should be scrutinized and debated in public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it shouldn't be in the business of fact-checking, that the U.S. needs new laws to govern political speech on social media — and to a degree, the American Civil Liberties Union agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will not be a popular view. But on the whole, we think that Facebook got this right,\" says Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU's Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing the gray area that political ads often occupy, Wizner added, \"I don't think Facebook is capable of doing effective fact-checking, and I don't think as a society we should want Facebook to be the entity that's making those kinds of distinctions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the issue, he says, is the massive scale of political ads — not only at the federal, state and local levels in the U.S., but also in every country in which Facebook operates. Wizner predicts that if Facebook took up fact-checking in earnest, it would be inundated with demands from candidates and political campaigns that want the other side's ads taken down, rather than responding to them in public.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU's Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project\"]'It's possible for candidates to send one advertisement to me and a different one to my neighbor across the street. And so that makes it easier for lies to go uncorrected.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different take comes from the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the online civil rights group, which accused Facebook of exempting politicians from the rules it applies to everyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement sent to NPR, Gennie Gebhart, the EFF's associate director of research, said, \"Facebook readily and pervasively plays the role of speech referee for the general public, but, concerned about playing politics, applies a more permissive set of rules to powerful political groups complaining about bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite backing part of Facebook's revised policy, the ACLU's Wizner agrees with critics who say the company should change how it handles targeted political advertising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is something different about online microtargeted advertisements and the kind of political advertisements that we've mainly seen in the past, on radio and television,\" he says. With targeted ad campaigns, he adds, \"it's possible for candidates to send one advertisement to me and a different one to my neighbor across the street. And so that makes it easier for lies to go uncorrected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the changes Wizner would like to see: more information from Facebook about which users have been targeted with political ads, so misleading information can be rebutted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a candidate is going to run an ad that goes only to men in one neighborhood, or only to women in another, then we should know who the target audience was,\" he says. \"So that if the ad contains falsehoods, we know how to better target our responses and corrections. And Facebook should consider raising the minimum number of targeted audience members for ads — so that we're dealing with a more common political conversation, and not a different one for each household.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FEC's Weintraub has urged tech companies to take an aggressive stand against microtargeting potential voters with ads. In an opinion piece for The Washington Post last November, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/01/dont-abolish-political-ads-social-media-stop-microtargeting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Weintraub wrote\u003c/a>, \"Microtargeting by foreign and domestic actors in 2016 proved to be a potent weapon for spreading disinformation and sowing discord.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fears go beyond foreign interference. In recent months, Facebook, Twitter and Google \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/040cae3f6e654e0ab10befb9e46da55f\">refused to remove\u003c/a> a misleading video ad from President Trump’s campaign that targeted Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s announcement is more window dressing around their decision to allow paid misinformation,\" said Bill Russo, a campaign spokesman for Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"political-ads\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential campaign ramps up, Facebook is pushing back on one form of potential misinformation: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11794395/facebook-issues-new-rules-on-deepfake-videos-targeting-misinformation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deepfake videos\u003c/a>. The company announced Tuesday it's banning videos that are manipulated to make it appear someone said words they didn't actually say, under certain criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750792/nancy-pelosi-doctored-videos-show-facebook-willing-enablers-of-russians-in-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook allowed\u003c/a> doctored videos of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi — which were were slowed down to make her appear drunk — to stay on the social media site even though they were manipulated. The videos were spread by right-wing websites in an attempt to discredit the speaker as she publicly feuded with President Trump, who also shared one of the videos on his Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Facebook promises that its political ad policy will bring \"unprecedented transparency and control for political ads.\" The company plans to add a new control in early summer that will let users cut down on the number of political and social issue ads they see, on both Facebook and Instagram. Its users can also \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/business/help/1665333080167380?id=176276233019487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">search its Ad Library\u003c/a> for details such as the size of an ad's audience and where those people live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The expanded transparency features will roll out in the first quarter of 2020 and will apply in all countries where we facilitate 'Paid for by' disclaimers on ads,\" Facebook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those solutions don't satisfy critics who say the platform's users still won't be able to opt out completely and block all political ads. Experts also note that the tools Facebook is giving to its users can be complicated to use and can be easily overlooked as just another \"terms of service\" bulletin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More transparency and user control over advertising is an undeniably good thing, but this policy still doesn't go far enough,\" says Nina Jankowicz, who studies technology and politics as the disinformation fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jankowicz says that while Facebook is giving people more control of the political ads they see, many users could have trouble navigating its tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How many people understand the way microtargeting works, let alone Facebook's Custom Audience feature, which allows advertisers to target on an even more precise level?\" she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jankowicz says Facebook should offer the controls in an easy-to-use design and do more to educate its more than 2 billion users about what the changes mean. And she believes people who are on Facebook should regularly review how their profiles handle politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like democratic discourse, this should be a feature that users are constantly interacting with and adjusting based on their own inclinations and personal experiences on the site,\" she says. \"Based on Facebook's track record with features like these, I'm not sure that's going to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Facebook's Leathern discussed the company's ad policy, he also acknowledged those who are unhappy with its practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We recognize this is an issue that has provoked much public discussion — including much criticism of Facebook's position,\" Leathern wrote. \"We are not deaf to that and will continue to work with regulators and policymakers in our ongoing efforts to help protect elections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the policy Thursday, Facebook's director of product management, Rob Leathern, wrote that \"people should be able to hear from those who wish to lead them, warts and all, and that what they say should be scrutinized and debated in public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it shouldn't be in the business of fact-checking, that the U.S. needs new laws to govern political speech on social media — and to a degree, the American Civil Liberties Union agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will not be a popular view. But on the whole, we think that Facebook got this right,\" says Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU's Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing the gray area that political ads often occupy, Wizner added, \"I don't think Facebook is capable of doing effective fact-checking, and I don't think as a society we should want Facebook to be the entity that's making those kinds of distinctions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the issue, he says, is the massive scale of political ads — not only at the federal, state and local levels in the U.S., but also in every country in which Facebook operates. Wizner predicts that if Facebook took up fact-checking in earnest, it would be inundated with demands from candidates and political campaigns that want the other side's ads taken down, rather than responding to them in public.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential campaign ramps up, Facebook is pushing back on one form of potential misinformation: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11794395/facebook-issues-new-rules-on-deepfake-videos-targeting-misinformation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deepfake videos\u003c/a>. The company announced Tuesday it's banning videos that are manipulated to make it appear someone said words they didn't actually say, under certain criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750792/nancy-pelosi-doctored-videos-show-facebook-willing-enablers-of-russians-in-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook allowed\u003c/a> doctored videos of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi — which were were slowed down to make her appear drunk — to stay on the social media site even though they were manipulated. The videos were spread by right-wing websites in an attempt to discredit the speaker as she publicly feuded with President Trump, who also shared one of the videos on his Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Facebook promises that its political ad policy will bring \"unprecedented transparency and control for political ads.\" The company plans to add a new control in early summer that will let users cut down on the number of political and social issue ads they see, on both Facebook and Instagram. Its users can also \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/business/help/1665333080167380?id=176276233019487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">search its Ad Library\u003c/a> for details such as the size of an ad's audience and where those people live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The expanded transparency features will roll out in the first quarter of 2020 and will apply in all countries where we facilitate 'Paid for by' disclaimers on ads,\" Facebook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those solutions don't satisfy critics who say the platform's users still won't be able to opt out completely and block all political ads. Experts also note that the tools Facebook is giving to its users can be complicated to use and can be easily overlooked as just another \"terms of service\" bulletin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More transparency and user control over advertising is an undeniably good thing, but this policy still doesn't go far enough,\" says Nina Jankowicz, who studies technology and politics as the disinformation fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jankowicz says that while Facebook is giving people more control of the political ads they see, many users could have trouble navigating its tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How many people understand the way microtargeting works, let alone Facebook's Custom Audience feature, which allows advertisers to target on an even more precise level?\" she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jankowicz says Facebook should offer the controls in an easy-to-use design and do more to educate its more than 2 billion users about what the changes mean. And she believes people who are on Facebook should regularly review how their profiles handle politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like democratic discourse, this should be a feature that users are constantly interacting with and adjusting based on their own inclinations and personal experiences on the site,\" she says. \"Based on Facebook's track record with features like these, I'm not sure that's going to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Facebook's Leathern discussed the company's ad policy, he also acknowledged those who are unhappy with its practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We recognize this is an issue that has provoked much public discussion — including much criticism of Facebook's position,\" Leathern wrote. \"We are not deaf to that and will continue to work with regulators and policymakers in our ongoing efforts to help protect elections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Diego's public schools have filed suit against Juul Labs, Inc., the largest U.S. producer of e-cigarettes, accusing the company of deliberately marketing its vaping products to young people, effectively rolling back years of progress made by anti-smoking campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 40-page complaint filed in San Diego Superior Court on behalf of the San Diego Unified School District on Tuesday alleges that Juul's product \"disrupts the learning environment,\" causing an increase in student absences due to vaping-related illnesses and hurting the schools \"by diverting funding away from learning toward educational campaigns, prevention and treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Juul spokesman Ted Kwong\"]'Our customer base is the world's 1 billion adult smokers and we do not intend to attract underage users. To the extent these cases allege otherwise, they are without merit.'[/pullquote]The school district, the second largest in California, is seeking monetary compensation for costs incurred as a result of the rise in the use of e-cigarettes among youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our district is in the business of educating students in a healthy and safe environment,\" San Diego Unified Superintendent Cindy Marten said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/san-diego-unified-school-district-suing-juul\">according to ABC Channel 10 News.\u003c/a> \"This lawsuit supports district goals by holding Juul accountable for its harmful marketing practices and unsafe products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing congressional testimony and a report by the U.S. Surgeon General's Office, the lawsuit claims that anti-smoking efforts had caused a drop in use of tobacco products among young people from 28% in 2000 to just 7.6% in 2017. However, e-cigarettes dramatically reversed that positive trend, with their use by high school students nearly doubling in a single year, from 11.7% in 2017 to 20.8% in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint calls the situation an \"epidemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Diego Unified School District\"]'Across the United States, schools have had to divert resources and administrators have had to go to extreme lengths to respond to the ever-growing number of students using Juuls on school grounds.'[/pullquote]San Francisco-based Juul Labs says it has sought to stop underage use of its products, offering a timeline of its efforts on \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/our-actions-to-combat-underage-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the company's website.\u003c/a> In a statement sent to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/story/2020-01-08/s-d-unified-files-lawsuit-against-vaping-company-juul\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Diego Union-Tribune\u003c/a> and other local media, Juul said it was working \"with attorneys general, regulators, public health officials and other stakeholders to combat underage use and convert adult smokers from combustible cigarettes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our customer base is the world's 1 billion adult smokers and we do not intend to attract underage users,\" Juul spokesman Ted Kwong said. \"To the extent these cases allege otherwise, they are without merit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district's suit alleges that while numerous restrictions on advertising have been imposed on traditional tobacco companies, such as prohibitions on billboard advertising, sponsorship of events, free samples and \"flavored\" cigarettes, that e-cigarette makers have encountered none of those obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"juul-labs\" label=\"related coverage\"]For Big Tobacco, those advertising avenues \"were prohibited because of their effectiveness at appealing to youth,\" according to the complaint, even as \"all of these activities figured prominently in Juul's marketing campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Juul used \"youth-appealing imagery\" on billboards in New York's Times Square and \"held a series of at least 50 highly stylized parties, typically with music entertainment, in cities across the United States,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district alleges that Juul has so successfully inculcated young people with its advertising campaign that students now often refer to school restrooms — often \"just a cloud\" from all the vaping smoke, the complaint says — as \"the Juul room.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across the United States, schools have had to divert resources and administrators have had to go to extreme lengths to respond to the ever-growing number of students using Juuls on school grounds,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing congressional testimony and a report by the U.S. Surgeon General's Office, the lawsuit claims that anti-smoking efforts had caused a drop in use of tobacco products among young people from 28% in 2000 to just 7.6% in 2017. However, e-cigarettes dramatically reversed that positive trend, with their use by high school students nearly doubling in a single year, from 11.7% in 2017 to 20.8% in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint calls the situation an \"epidemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>San Francisco-based Juul Labs says it has sought to stop underage use of its products, offering a timeline of its efforts on \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/our-actions-to-combat-underage-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the company's website.\u003c/a> In a statement sent to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/story/2020-01-08/s-d-unified-files-lawsuit-against-vaping-company-juul\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Diego Union-Tribune\u003c/a> and other local media, Juul said it was working \"with attorneys general, regulators, public health officials and other stakeholders to combat underage use and convert adult smokers from combustible cigarettes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our customer base is the world's 1 billion adult smokers and we do not intend to attract underage users,\" Juul spokesman Ted Kwong said. \"To the extent these cases allege otherwise, they are without merit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district's suit alleges that while numerous restrictions on advertising have been imposed on traditional tobacco companies, such as prohibitions on billboard advertising, sponsorship of events, free samples and \"flavored\" cigarettes, that e-cigarette makers have encountered none of those obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For Big Tobacco, those advertising avenues \"were prohibited because of their effectiveness at appealing to youth,\" according to the complaint, even as \"all of these activities figured prominently in Juul's marketing campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Juul used \"youth-appealing imagery\" on billboards in New York's Times Square and \"held a series of at least 50 highly stylized parties, typically with music entertainment, in cities across the United States,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district alleges that Juul has so successfully inculcated young people with its advertising campaign that students now often refer to school restrooms — often \"just a cloud\" from all the vaping smoke, the complaint says — as \"the Juul room.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across the United States, schools have had to divert resources and administrators have had to go to extreme lengths to respond to the ever-growing number of students using Juuls on school grounds,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pelosi: I'll Send Articles of Impeachment to Senate 'When I'm Ready'",
"title": "Pelosi: I'll Send Articles of Impeachment to Senate 'When I'm Ready'",
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"content": "\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said she expects to release her hold on the two articles of impeachment against President Trump \"soon,\" but for now she is still holding out to learn more about how Republicans plan to conduct a Senate trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, I'm not holding them indefinitely,\" Pelosi told reporters Thursday at a weekly press conference. \"I'll send them over when I'm ready. That will probably be soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi refused to give any additional information about the timing, saying Democrats want to know what Senate Republicans are \"willing to do and when they're willing to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have criticized Pelosi for refusing to take the procedural action of sending the articles to the Senate. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/18/788650493/house-to-debate-and-vote-on-articles-of-impeachment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The House approved the two articles\u003c/a> — abuse of power and obstruction of Congress — largely along party lines on Dec. 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\"]'All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules. We just want to know what they are.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., attempted to force Pelosi to drop her hold on Tuesday when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/07/794254074/mcconnell-will-move-ahead-with-impeachment-trial-rules-without-democrats-support\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced plans to approve Senate trial rules\u003c/a> without the help of Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi reiterated Thursday that she wants more information on what those rules would include. But she also indicated that she was not planning a fight over the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules,\" she said. \"We just want to know what they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the disagreement is who — if anyone — would act as witnesses during the trial. Democrats want a deal on that upfront, while McConnell wants to sort the issue with additional votes after the first phase of the trial, including opening arguments and a period allowing written questions from senators to both the prosecution and the defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats want to call four witnesses, including acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/06/793972905/bolton-says-he-would-testify-in-senate-impeachment-trial-if-subpoenaed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former national security adviser John Bolton\u003c/a>. They also want an agreement to admit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/23/790747698/newly-released-emails-fuel-democrats-trial-requests-as-mcconnell-stands-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new reporting\u003c/a> that has been released in recent weeks on the timing of Trump's decision to end a hold on foreign aid to Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi's hold on the articles was designed to give Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., more time and space to build pressure on McConnell to include witness testimony as part of the rules governing the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell has defended his proposed approach, saying it mirrors the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton. Democrats say it is an unfair comparison because during the Clinton trial, the Senate was considering re-calling witnesses who had already testified before the House. This time, Democrats want to hear from people whose testimony the Trump administration has blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"impeachment\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will not let them say this is just like Clinton. Fair is fair — it is not,\" Pelosi said. \"Documentation, facts, witnesses, truth. That's what they're afraid of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she held back, a small group of Senate Republican moderates did express interest in hearing from witnesses, but they ultimately backed McConnell's framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumer would need four GOP senators to join with the entire Democratic caucus to foil McConnell's strategy of passing rules without sorting the witnesses. He has been unable to persuade any to break with the top Republican leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure on Pelosi began to grow from fellow Democrats soon after it became clear they would not be able to force McConnell to negotiate on the terms of a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I respect the fact that she is concerned about the fact about whether or not there will be a fair trial. But I do think it is time to get on with it,\" Sen. Chris Coons, D-Del., \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/08/senate-democrats-break-pelosi-over-impeachment-096224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told Politico\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "For weeks, the House speaker has refrained from sending the articles to the Senate, saying she needed details on how an impeachment trial would work. But Thursday, she indicated she would soon relent.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said she expects to release her hold on the two articles of impeachment against President Trump \"soon,\" but for now she is still holding out to learn more about how Republicans plan to conduct a Senate trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, I'm not holding them indefinitely,\" Pelosi told reporters Thursday at a weekly press conference. \"I'll send them over when I'm ready. That will probably be soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi refused to give any additional information about the timing, saying Democrats want to know what Senate Republicans are \"willing to do and when they're willing to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have criticized Pelosi for refusing to take the procedural action of sending the articles to the Senate. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/18/788650493/house-to-debate-and-vote-on-articles-of-impeachment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The House approved the two articles\u003c/a> — abuse of power and obstruction of Congress — largely along party lines on Dec. 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., attempted to force Pelosi to drop her hold on Tuesday when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/07/794254074/mcconnell-will-move-ahead-with-impeachment-trial-rules-without-democrats-support\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced plans to approve Senate trial rules\u003c/a> without the help of Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi reiterated Thursday that she wants more information on what those rules would include. But she also indicated that she was not planning a fight over the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules,\" she said. \"We just want to know what they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the disagreement is who — if anyone — would act as witnesses during the trial. Democrats want a deal on that upfront, while McConnell wants to sort the issue with additional votes after the first phase of the trial, including opening arguments and a period allowing written questions from senators to both the prosecution and the defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats want to call four witnesses, including acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/06/793972905/bolton-says-he-would-testify-in-senate-impeachment-trial-if-subpoenaed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former national security adviser John Bolton\u003c/a>. They also want an agreement to admit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/23/790747698/newly-released-emails-fuel-democrats-trial-requests-as-mcconnell-stands-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new reporting\u003c/a> that has been released in recent weeks on the timing of Trump's decision to end a hold on foreign aid to Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi's hold on the articles was designed to give Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., more time and space to build pressure on McConnell to include witness testimony as part of the rules governing the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell has defended his proposed approach, saying it mirrors the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton. Democrats say it is an unfair comparison because during the Clinton trial, the Senate was considering re-calling witnesses who had already testified before the House. This time, Democrats want to hear from people whose testimony the Trump administration has blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will not let them say this is just like Clinton. Fair is fair — it is not,\" Pelosi said. \"Documentation, facts, witnesses, truth. That's what they're afraid of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she held back, a small group of Senate Republican moderates did express interest in hearing from witnesses, but they ultimately backed McConnell's framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumer would need four GOP senators to join with the entire Democratic caucus to foil McConnell's strategy of passing rules without sorting the witnesses. He has been unable to persuade any to break with the top Republican leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure on Pelosi began to grow from fellow Democrats soon after it became clear they would not be able to force McConnell to negotiate on the terms of a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I respect the fact that she is concerned about the fact about whether or not there will be a fair trial. But I do think it is time to get on with it,\" Sen. Chris Coons, D-Del., \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/08/senate-democrats-break-pelosi-over-impeachment-096224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told Politico\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook says it’s banning many types of misleading videos from its site, in a push against deepfake content and online misinformation campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/enforcing-against-manipulated-media/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook’s new ban\u003c/a> targets videos that are manipulated to make it appear someone said words they didn’t actually say. The company won’t allow videos on its site if they’ve been either edited or computer-generated in ways that the average person couldn’t detect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"facebook\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Facebook isn’t banning all deepfake videos. It will allow the technique to be used in parodies or satire, and it will also allow clips that were edited only to cut out or change the order of words. Those exceptions could open up a gray area in which fact-checkers must decide what content is allowed and what is taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deepfake videos can be created in several ways, from video editing software to sophisticated artificial intelligence tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While these videos are still rare on the internet, they present a significant challenge for our industry and society as their use increases,” \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/alerts/Facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook\u003c/a>‘s vice president of global policy management, Monika Bickert, said in a blog post about the new policy Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is pushing back on deepfake videos as the 2020 presidential campaign ramps up — and the company clearly hopes to avoid a repeat of the fallout from the 2016 election, when it was accused of allowing voter manipulation from fake accounts and thousands of Russian-backed political ads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro8b69VeL9U\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its announcement, Facebook laid out two main criteria for banning deepfake videos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It has been edited or synthesized — beyond adjustments for clarity or quality — in ways that aren’t apparent to an average person and would likely mislead someone into thinking that a subject of the video said words that they did not actually say. And:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the product of artificial intelligence or machine learning that merges, replaces or superimposes content onto a video, making it appear to be authentic.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In two high-profile cases from last summer, misleading videos featured House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Facebook’s own CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, in highly manipulated footage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pelosi’s case, the video’s audio was altered to make it seem as if she was slurring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11750792 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Nancy-Pelosi-1020x709.jpg']The Zuckerberg deepfake was both more sophisticated and satirical, showing the billionaire gloating about using data to control the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it will work with governments, academia and tech companies to go after manipulated media and the people who produce it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also says it’s working with experts to improve its ability to detect manipulated media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Facebook isn’t banning all deepfake videos. It will allow the technique to be used in parodies or satire, and it will also allow clips that were edited only to cut out or change the order of words. Those exceptions could open up a gray area in which fact-checkers must decide what content is allowed and what is taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deepfake videos can be created in several ways, from video editing software to sophisticated artificial intelligence tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While these videos are still rare on the internet, they present a significant challenge for our industry and society as their use increases,” \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/alerts/Facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook\u003c/a>‘s vice president of global policy management, Monika Bickert, said in a blog post about the new policy Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is pushing back on deepfake videos as the 2020 presidential campaign ramps up — and the company clearly hopes to avoid a repeat of the fallout from the 2016 election, when it was accused of allowing voter manipulation from fake accounts and thousands of Russian-backed political ads.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Ro8b69VeL9U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Ro8b69VeL9U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:12 p.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. forces assassinated Iranian Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani in an airstrike late Thursday, Eastern time. The strike, near the Baghdad International Airport, was an escalation of tensions between Washington and Tehran that is prompting concerns of further violence in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense Secretary Mark Esper \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/2049534/statement-by-the-department-of-defense/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> the Pentagon took a “decisive defensive action” in killing Soleimani, who Esper says was plotting to target American diplomats and service members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This strike was aimed at deterring future Iranian attack plans,” Esper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who authorized the attack, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/03/793293543/there-will-be-reprisals-democrats-warn-of-fallout-from-killing-of-iranian-genera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">made his first public remarks Friday afternoon \u003c/a>and defended the action as necessary to protect national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war,” Trump said from his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11793871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11793871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Trump makes a statement at the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida, on Jan. 3, 2020, a day after the U.S. launched an airstrike in Baghdad that killed a top Iranian general. Trump said that America does not seek war or regime change with Iran. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For two decades, Soleimani led the elite Quds Force, a branch of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, responsible for the country’s intelligence and military operations outside of Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamid Mousavi, a political science professor at the University of Tehran, said the strike stunned many Iranians who revere the military leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\"]‘America — and the world — cannot afford to have tensions escalate to the point of no return.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be akin to Iran assassinating the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,” Mousavi told NPR. “Essentially, it’s an act of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Department on Friday urged U.S. citizens to immediately leave Iraq, where officials say the embassy in Baghdad was attacked by Iran-backed militias earlier in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike on Soleimani came a week after a rocket attack in northern Iraq killed a U.S. contractor. American officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/01/792739572/why-the-u-s-embassy-in-iraq-became-a-target-of-anger-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> an Iranian-backed militia was responsible. The Trump administration also tied Soleimani to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/31/792579958/mob-angered-by-airstrikes-tries-to-storm-u-s-embassy-compound-in-baghdad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">violent protests\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a statement the airstrike against Soleimani was “disproportionate,” arguing that it “risks provoking further dangerous escalation of violence. America — and the world — cannot afford to have tensions escalate to the point of no return.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SpeakerPelosi/status/1213096517063589890\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland congresswoman Barbara Lee echoed Pelosi, saying the strike without congressional authorization was a “dangerous escalation of tensions” that brings the U.S. and Iran “close to the brink of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must work to prevent further military action in the region,” Lee said in a statement. “We have known for years that there is no military solution, and it’s past time to return to a diplomatic strategy with our allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congresswoman Jackie Speier, D-San Mateo, said in a statement that Trump has ” … waved the red flag at Iran since the beginning of his Presidency and ignored the pleas of our Allies to remain in the [Iran nuclear deal].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans celebrated the killing of Soleimani, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1212929356424785920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">saying\u003c/a> America is safer after the violent leader was brought to justice. But Democrats largely slammed the White House for not consulting Congress before the strike and worried the attack \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/1212954668340563969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">would lead\u003c/a> to an “almost inevitable escalation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iranian leaders quickly responded to the attack as well, expressing outrage over the killing. The country’s foreign minister, Javad Zarif, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1212946202280579073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called\u003c/a> it “an act of international terrorism,” saying the U.S. “bears responsibility for all consequences of its rogue adventurism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said in a statement on Iranian state TV that a “harsh retaliation is waiting” for the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11793824 label='We want to hear from you' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1191140256-1-1020x680.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iranian President Hassan Rouhani \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HassanRouhani/status/1213009152093696005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was\u003c/a> just as forceful, describing the strike as a “heinous crime” for which Iran will seek revenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike also killed Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an adviser to Soleimani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the biggest question now is how does Tehran respond?” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ilangoldenberg/status/1212938815121309696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> Ilan Goldenberg, a Middle East security expert who worked on Iran issues in the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Targeting an American diplomatic facility or senior leader with a terrorist attack elsewhere in the world may feel proportional for the Iranians but this is very hard to pull off. Outside of the Mideast their capabilities are much more limited,” Goldenberg \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ilangoldenberg/status/1212939867430309892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naysan Rafati, a senior Iran analyst at the International Crisis Group, underscored just how significant the death of Soleimani is inside Iran, where he is among the country’s most revered military leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major blow to the Iranians, symbolically as well as strategically. There has been no individual as deeply associated with Iran’s regional network of partners and proxies as Soleimani, which made him a hero to Tehran’s allies and a villain without peer to its rivals,” Rafati said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who is vacationing on his estate in Florida, tweeted a photo of an American flag with no other message. Trump had earlier vowed that Iran would “pay a very big price” for the unrest at the U.S. embassy compound in Baghdad.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Soleimani and the Quds Force\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Soleimani was one of Iran’s most powerful and shadowy figures. As leader of the Quds Force, he was said to be responsible for the country’s development and coordination with militias and proxy forces throughout the Middle East. U.S. officials accuse him of coordinating Iraqi militia attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials have also accused Soleimani of sponsoring terrorism and singled him out as a major figure for decades. The Trump administration placed the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — which includes the Quds Force — on the State Department’s list of terrorist groups. It was the first time a government’s official military was placed on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Roule, now retired, tracked Iran through his career with the CIA and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. He told NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> the death of Soleimani was significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Norman_Roule/status/1212922169539407878?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1212922169539407878&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F01%2F02%2F793208096%2Firaqi-tv-says-top-iranian-military-leader-killed-in-rocket-strikes-on-iraqi-airp\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can expect seismic waves to go through the Shia communities of Lebanon, Iraq and Iran,” Roule said. “You can expect that the Iranians and the Iraqi militia groups will certainly seek some sort of retribution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roule called Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, who was also killed, Soleimani’s “senior-most lieutenant in the Iraqi military architecture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roule said he believed the U.S. would not have carried out the strikes unless “a significant terrorist attack was underway or about to be undertaken by these individuals and if neutralizing these individuals would prevent that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"iran\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soleimani’s Quds Force is a “sort of a mixture of our special operations and Central Intelligence Agency,” according to Roule. “He [had] been given charge of Iran’s foreign policy in the region and in essence he used that authority to create a series of militias based on the Lebanese Hezbollah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a military commander he would not actually rank in capacity or stature with a first-world military commander, such as a U.S. general. However, his political reach was vast … in that Iran basically ceded its regional activities to his purview,” Roule said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/27/632933227/commander-of-irans-quds-force-we-are-ready-if-u-s-attacks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In 2018\u003c/a>, Soleimani spoke with political authority when he responded to a tweet by President Trump, who said Iran would “suffer consequences the likes of which few throughout history have ever suffered before” if it repeated threats against the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soleimani was \u003ca href=\"https://en.mehrnews.com/news/136088/We-are-closer-to-you-than-you-think-Gen-Soleimani-to-Trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quoted by the semiofficial Tasnim news agency\u003c/a>: “As a soldier, it is my duty to respond to your threats,” he said. “It is not in our president’s dignity to respond to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Come. We are ready,” Soleimani said, accusing Trump of using “the language of nightclubs and gambling halls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you begin the war, we will end the war,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post will be updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\"> NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani was killed in Baghdad late Thursday Eastern time. The U.S. secretary of defense said Soleimani \"was actively developing plans to attack American diplomats and service members throughout the region.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:12 p.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. forces assassinated Iranian Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani in an airstrike late Thursday, Eastern time. The strike, near the Baghdad International Airport, was an escalation of tensions between Washington and Tehran that is prompting concerns of further violence in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense Secretary Mark Esper \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/2049534/statement-by-the-department-of-defense/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> the Pentagon took a “decisive defensive action” in killing Soleimani, who Esper says was plotting to target American diplomats and service members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This strike was aimed at deterring future Iranian attack plans,” Esper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who authorized the attack, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/03/793293543/there-will-be-reprisals-democrats-warn-of-fallout-from-killing-of-iranian-genera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">made his first public remarks Friday afternoon \u003c/a>and defended the action as necessary to protect national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war,” Trump said from his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11793871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11793871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/trumpreax-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Trump makes a statement at the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida, on Jan. 3, 2020, a day after the U.S. launched an airstrike in Baghdad that killed a top Iranian general. Trump said that America does not seek war or regime change with Iran. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For two decades, Soleimani led the elite Quds Force, a branch of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, responsible for the country’s intelligence and military operations outside of Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamid Mousavi, a political science professor at the University of Tehran, said the strike stunned many Iranians who revere the military leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be akin to Iran assassinating the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,” Mousavi told NPR. “Essentially, it’s an act of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Department on Friday urged U.S. citizens to immediately leave Iraq, where officials say the embassy in Baghdad was attacked by Iran-backed militias earlier in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike on Soleimani came a week after a rocket attack in northern Iraq killed a U.S. contractor. American officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/01/792739572/why-the-u-s-embassy-in-iraq-became-a-target-of-anger-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> an Iranian-backed militia was responsible. The Trump administration also tied Soleimani to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/31/792579958/mob-angered-by-airstrikes-tries-to-storm-u-s-embassy-compound-in-baghdad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">violent protests\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a statement the airstrike against Soleimani was “disproportionate,” arguing that it “risks provoking further dangerous escalation of violence. America — and the world — cannot afford to have tensions escalate to the point of no return.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Oakland congresswoman Barbara Lee echoed Pelosi, saying the strike without congressional authorization was a “dangerous escalation of tensions” that brings the U.S. and Iran “close to the brink of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must work to prevent further military action in the region,” Lee said in a statement. “We have known for years that there is no military solution, and it’s past time to return to a diplomatic strategy with our allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congresswoman Jackie Speier, D-San Mateo, said in a statement that Trump has ” … waved the red flag at Iran since the beginning of his Presidency and ignored the pleas of our Allies to remain in the [Iran nuclear deal].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans celebrated the killing of Soleimani, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1212929356424785920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">saying\u003c/a> America is safer after the violent leader was brought to justice. But Democrats largely slammed the White House for not consulting Congress before the strike and worried the attack \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/1212954668340563969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">would lead\u003c/a> to an “almost inevitable escalation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iranian leaders quickly responded to the attack as well, expressing outrage over the killing. The country’s foreign minister, Javad Zarif, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1212946202280579073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called\u003c/a> it “an act of international terrorism,” saying the U.S. “bears responsibility for all consequences of its rogue adventurism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said in a statement on Iranian state TV that a “harsh retaliation is waiting” for the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iranian President Hassan Rouhani \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HassanRouhani/status/1213009152093696005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was\u003c/a> just as forceful, describing the strike as a “heinous crime” for which Iran will seek revenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike also killed Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an adviser to Soleimani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the biggest question now is how does Tehran respond?” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ilangoldenberg/status/1212938815121309696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> Ilan Goldenberg, a Middle East security expert who worked on Iran issues in the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Targeting an American diplomatic facility or senior leader with a terrorist attack elsewhere in the world may feel proportional for the Iranians but this is very hard to pull off. Outside of the Mideast their capabilities are much more limited,” Goldenberg \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ilangoldenberg/status/1212939867430309892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naysan Rafati, a senior Iran analyst at the International Crisis Group, underscored just how significant the death of Soleimani is inside Iran, where he is among the country’s most revered military leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major blow to the Iranians, symbolically as well as strategically. There has been no individual as deeply associated with Iran’s regional network of partners and proxies as Soleimani, which made him a hero to Tehran’s allies and a villain without peer to its rivals,” Rafati said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who is vacationing on his estate in Florida, tweeted a photo of an American flag with no other message. Trump had earlier vowed that Iran would “pay a very big price” for the unrest at the U.S. embassy compound in Baghdad.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Soleimani and the Quds Force\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Soleimani was one of Iran’s most powerful and shadowy figures. As leader of the Quds Force, he was said to be responsible for the country’s development and coordination with militias and proxy forces throughout the Middle East. U.S. officials accuse him of coordinating Iraqi militia attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials have also accused Soleimani of sponsoring terrorism and singled him out as a major figure for decades. The Trump administration placed the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — which includes the Quds Force — on the State Department’s list of terrorist groups. It was the first time a government’s official military was placed on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Roule, now retired, tracked Iran through his career with the CIA and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. He told NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> the death of Soleimani was significant.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“You can expect seismic waves to go through the Shia communities of Lebanon, Iraq and Iran,” Roule said. “You can expect that the Iranians and the Iraqi militia groups will certainly seek some sort of retribution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roule called Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, who was also killed, Soleimani’s “senior-most lieutenant in the Iraqi military architecture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roule said he believed the U.S. would not have carried out the strikes unless “a significant terrorist attack was underway or about to be undertaken by these individuals and if neutralizing these individuals would prevent that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soleimani’s Quds Force is a “sort of a mixture of our special operations and Central Intelligence Agency,” according to Roule. “He [had] been given charge of Iran’s foreign policy in the region and in essence he used that authority to create a series of militias based on the Lebanese Hezbollah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a military commander he would not actually rank in capacity or stature with a first-world military commander, such as a U.S. general. However, his political reach was vast … in that Iran basically ceded its regional activities to his purview,” Roule said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/27/632933227/commander-of-irans-quds-force-we-are-ready-if-u-s-attacks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In 2018\u003c/a>, Soleimani spoke with political authority when he responded to a tweet by President Trump, who said Iran would “suffer consequences the likes of which few throughout history have ever suffered before” if it repeated threats against the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soleimani was \u003ca href=\"https://en.mehrnews.com/news/136088/We-are-closer-to-you-than-you-think-Gen-Soleimani-to-Trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quoted by the semiofficial Tasnim news agency\u003c/a>: “As a soldier, it is my duty to respond to your threats,” he said. “It is not in our president’s dignity to respond to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Come. We are ready,” Soleimani said, accusing Trump of using “the language of nightclubs and gambling halls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you begin the war, we will end the war,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post will be updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\"> NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For decades, major tobacco companies have fought against raising the age limit to buy their products from 18 to 21. But recently, some cigarette and e-cigarette giants have started lobbying for the minimum age to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Raising the purchase age to 21 reduces underage access,” a radio ad from e-cigarette giant Juul \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/t21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a>. “That’s why Juul Labs supports making 21+ the law nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, President Trump signed a congressional spending bill that includes a new federal regulation raising the age of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health advocates are not wholeheartedly celebrating the change. They worry it may help the companies stave off further sweeping regulations of their industry and wonder how stringently it will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Crane, a physician at Ohio State University, has been campaigning to raise the minimum age for more than two decades through \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco21.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">his group Tobacco 21\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it started pushing for firmer laws, “we were killed at every turn,” he remembers. “The industry hated this idea and they used their very potent political lobbying power to stifle it in every state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archival tobacco industry documents show why the companies objected, says \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/people/stanton-glantz-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stan Glantz\u003c/a>, the director of University of California San Francisco’s Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s because it made it harder to market to kids,” he says. “[It’s] very hard to design a marketing campaign where the nominal target [is] … people who are 21, and still pick up 12-year-olds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the Tobacco 21 movement, the industry landscape has changed considerably. Now millions of teens are hooked on e-cigarettes, a source of considerable public concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health advocates are currently pushing for more sweeping regulations than the age limit raise, such as banning flavors for e-cigarettes — something the industry has fought. University of Virginia historian \u003ca href=\"https://history.virginia.edu/people/profile/sem9dw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sarah Milov\u003c/a>, who wrote a book about tobacco, says the big companies have likely been willing to accept the stricter age limits “in order to take the public’s eyes off of other proposals for addressing youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glantz says he thinks the new federal age restrictions give the industry “something they can argue: ‘Well, we’ve done enough. You don’t need to get rid of flavors,’ which in terms of reducing youth tobacco use is probably the single most important thing to do right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Myers, the president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, echoed that idea. He said \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/press-releases/2019_12_11_congress_health_bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a> that the new law “will not bring about meaningful change, but will lead to the tobacco companies falsely claiming that the youth e-cigarette problem has been solved even as it continues to grow worse every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an op-ed earlier this year in \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/431651-raise-the-legal-age-for-all-tobacco-products-to-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Hill\u003c/a>, Altria CEO Howard Willard said the Food and Drug Administration made clear that the company might find itself in trouble with federal regulators unless it did more to address teen vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put simply, we cannot continue to expand … [e-cigarettes] for adults unless we help curb youth access to all tobacco products, including e-vapor,” Willard said. Altria owns Philip Morris USA, which makes Marlboro cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal age limit raise comes after a rapid succession of new laws at the state and local levels. At least 19 states and the District of Columbia have passed some form of the 21 age limit, many in the past year and with the support of big companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Glantz says he sees a familiar strategy from the industry as these laws have passed. In this and previous fights, he says tobacco companies will preemptively lobby for bills that are weak or don’t spell out effective enforcement mechanisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"vaping\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve tried to co-opt the issue and started pushing bad legislation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two most prominent companies supporting the age restriction are Juul and Altria. When NPR reached out, they didn’t respond to these criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal legislation was put forward in the Senate by Democrat Tim Kaine and Republican Mitch McConnell, the majority leader who has long been seen as a friend to the tobacco industry. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/17/730496066/tobaccos-special-friend-what-internal-documents-say-about-mitch-mcconnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s Embedded podcast\u003c/a> found, “vaping and tobacco companies are currently employing McConnell’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfs-dc.com/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/Q1/301038362.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy adviser\u003c/a>, his former \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/RR/301024486.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy director\u003c/a> and his \u003ca href=\"https://www.akingump.com/en/lawyers-advisors/hunter-bates.html\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2018/Q4/301009679.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chief of staff\u003c/a> to lobby on their behalf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcconnell.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/pressreleases?ID=17523CAF-6BA1-4894-9BD0-45A67B1A2D96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after the federal law passed\u003c/a>, McConnell called the recent spate of vaping-related illnesses an “urgent crisis” and stressed that the new measure will help “keep these dangerous products away from our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has jurisdiction over enforcing the federal law. Crane, the longtime advocate for raising the age limit, has questions about how aggressive it will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s watched how the FDA regulated the previous age limit of 18, and says he would want to see more compliance checks and fewer violations allowed for tobacco retailers. He says the law will do little to keep tobacco products away from kids and young adults if it’s not enforced, and he believes local health authorities would be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that waiting for the FDA is kind of like waiting for Godot. They don’t do anything. They bark but never bite,” Crane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn praised the new age limit and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SteveFDA/status/1208232123833958401?s=20\">said in a tweet \u003c/a>that “more details will be forthcoming as we update our regulations to carry out this provision of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane says his group is going to continue pushing for even tougher laws at the state and local levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Tobacco+Industry+Giants+Backed+Raising+The+Minimum+Age+Of+Purchase&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For decades, major tobacco companies have fought against raising the age limit to buy their products from 18 to 21. But recently, some cigarette and e-cigarette giants have started lobbying for the minimum age to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Raising the purchase age to 21 reduces underage access,” a radio ad from e-cigarette giant Juul \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/t21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a>. “That’s why Juul Labs supports making 21+ the law nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, President Trump signed a congressional spending bill that includes a new federal regulation raising the age of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health advocates are not wholeheartedly celebrating the change. They worry it may help the companies stave off further sweeping regulations of their industry and wonder how stringently it will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Crane, a physician at Ohio State University, has been campaigning to raise the minimum age for more than two decades through \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco21.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">his group Tobacco 21\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it started pushing for firmer laws, “we were killed at every turn,” he remembers. “The industry hated this idea and they used their very potent political lobbying power to stifle it in every state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archival tobacco industry documents show why the companies objected, says \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/people/stanton-glantz-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stan Glantz\u003c/a>, the director of University of California San Francisco’s Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s because it made it harder to market to kids,” he says. “[It’s] very hard to design a marketing campaign where the nominal target [is] … people who are 21, and still pick up 12-year-olds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the Tobacco 21 movement, the industry landscape has changed considerably. Now millions of teens are hooked on e-cigarettes, a source of considerable public concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health advocates are currently pushing for more sweeping regulations than the age limit raise, such as banning flavors for e-cigarettes — something the industry has fought. University of Virginia historian \u003ca href=\"https://history.virginia.edu/people/profile/sem9dw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sarah Milov\u003c/a>, who wrote a book about tobacco, says the big companies have likely been willing to accept the stricter age limits “in order to take the public’s eyes off of other proposals for addressing youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glantz says he thinks the new federal age restrictions give the industry “something they can argue: ‘Well, we’ve done enough. You don’t need to get rid of flavors,’ which in terms of reducing youth tobacco use is probably the single most important thing to do right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Myers, the president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, echoed that idea. He said \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/press-releases/2019_12_11_congress_health_bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a> that the new law “will not bring about meaningful change, but will lead to the tobacco companies falsely claiming that the youth e-cigarette problem has been solved even as it continues to grow worse every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an op-ed earlier this year in \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/431651-raise-the-legal-age-for-all-tobacco-products-to-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Hill\u003c/a>, Altria CEO Howard Willard said the Food and Drug Administration made clear that the company might find itself in trouble with federal regulators unless it did more to address teen vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put simply, we cannot continue to expand … [e-cigarettes] for adults unless we help curb youth access to all tobacco products, including e-vapor,” Willard said. Altria owns Philip Morris USA, which makes Marlboro cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal age limit raise comes after a rapid succession of new laws at the state and local levels. At least 19 states and the District of Columbia have passed some form of the 21 age limit, many in the past year and with the support of big companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Glantz says he sees a familiar strategy from the industry as these laws have passed. In this and previous fights, he says tobacco companies will preemptively lobby for bills that are weak or don’t spell out effective enforcement mechanisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve tried to co-opt the issue and started pushing bad legislation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two most prominent companies supporting the age restriction are Juul and Altria. When NPR reached out, they didn’t respond to these criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal legislation was put forward in the Senate by Democrat Tim Kaine and Republican Mitch McConnell, the majority leader who has long been seen as a friend to the tobacco industry. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/17/730496066/tobaccos-special-friend-what-internal-documents-say-about-mitch-mcconnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s Embedded podcast\u003c/a> found, “vaping and tobacco companies are currently employing McConnell’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfs-dc.com/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/Q1/301038362.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy adviser\u003c/a>, his former \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/RR/301024486.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy director\u003c/a> and his \u003ca href=\"https://www.akingump.com/en/lawyers-advisors/hunter-bates.html\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2018/Q4/301009679.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chief of staff\u003c/a> to lobby on their behalf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcconnell.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/pressreleases?ID=17523CAF-6BA1-4894-9BD0-45A67B1A2D96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after the federal law passed\u003c/a>, McConnell called the recent spate of vaping-related illnesses an “urgent crisis” and stressed that the new measure will help “keep these dangerous products away from our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has jurisdiction over enforcing the federal law. Crane, the longtime advocate for raising the age limit, has questions about how aggressive it will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s watched how the FDA regulated the previous age limit of 18, and says he would want to see more compliance checks and fewer violations allowed for tobacco retailers. He says the law will do little to keep tobacco products away from kids and young adults if it’s not enforced, and he believes local health authorities would be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that waiting for the FDA is kind of like waiting for Godot. They don’t do anything. They bark but never bite,” Crane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn praised the new age limit and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SteveFDA/status/1208232123833958401?s=20\">said in a tweet \u003c/a>that “more details will be forthcoming as we update our regulations to carry out this provision of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane says his group is going to continue pushing for even tougher laws at the state and local levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Tobacco+Industry+Giants+Backed+Raising+The+Minimum+Age+Of+Purchase&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "On Census, Facebook and Instagram to Ban Disinformation and False Ads",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook is changing user policies for its social media platforms to explicitly ban disinformation about and ads trying to discourage participation in the 2020 census, the company \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/helping-protect-the-us-census/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced on its website Thursday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it plans to enforce these specific bans on all users, including politicians — a departure from previous comments from Facebook officials who said the company did not want to restrict politicians' speech on its platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1207701433774157824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook's updated advertising policy\u003c/a>, ads that describe participating in the U.S. census as \"useless\" or \"meaningless\" are no longer allowed on Instagram or Facebook, which is one of NPR's financial sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11762042,news_11752275,news_11744587\" label=\"Census 2020\"]In January, the company plans to start removing any posts that misrepresent how and when the count is conducted, as well as who can participate. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1207702378650251264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook's updated Community Standards policy\u003c/a> also bans any misleading content misstating that participating in the census could lead to a person's arrest, deportation or imprisonment or that the Census Bureau will share an individual's census information with another government agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's announcement comes less than three months before the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S. is underway across the country in mid-March, after officially launching in remote Alaska in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and civil rights groups have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/05/774943933/social-media-sites-under-pressure-to-prep-for-census-trolls-and-interference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pressuring Facebook and other social media companies to prepare\u003c/a> for the first primarily online U.S. count. The Census Bureau has been trying to prepare for a potential onslaught of disinformation from Internet trolls and foreign governments in the coming months. In this final stretch before the census begins, concerns linger among immigrant groups and communities of color about the confidentiality of the personal information the government plans to gather, despite federal law prohibiting the bureau from releasing data identifying individuals until 72 years after collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the format of the census evolves, so do the ways that people share information about the census,\" Kevin Martin — Facebook's vice president of U.S. public policy who formerly chaired the Federal Communications Commission under President George W. Bush — and Samidh Chakrabarti, the company's director of product management for civic engagement, wrote on its website. \"This means we have to be more vigilant about protecting against census interference across posts and ads on Facebook and Instagram and help promote an accurate count of every person in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, Facebook has come under fire from critics of how it handles political ads, including ones that contain misleading statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our policy is that we do not fact-check politicians' speech, and the reason for that is that we believe that in a democracy, it is important that people can see for themselves what politicians are saying,\" Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testified in October during a congressional hearing before the House Financial Services Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's updated policies, however, do put some limits on what politicians can say. Political ads that target Facebook's users based in the U.S. are not allowed to advise people not to participate in the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Content that violates our census interference policy will not be allowed to remain on our platforms as newsworthy even if posted by a politician,\" Martin and Chakrabarti wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanita Gupta, president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, said Facebook is \"leading the industry with the most comprehensive policy to date to combat census interference efforts on its platform.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"mark-zuckerberg\" label=\"More on Facebook\"]\"It appears that Facebook has finally listened,\" Gupta said in a written statement. \"Any good policy is meaningless without proper enforcement. We, along with our partners, will continue to work with Facebook to ensure that policies against census and voter interference are fully implemented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it's also planning to monitor any posts and ads that contain inaccurate statements about the census but do not violate the company's policies. Users may see labels over certain content determined to be \"false\" by independent fact-checkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other tech companies have also recently rolled out updated user policies to prepare for the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Google, which owns YouTube, announced a new \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1204858407519477761?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ban on YouTube videos and user comments\u003c/a> that appear to be \"aiming to mislead participants about the time, means or eligibility requirements for participating in a census.\" In November, Google, which is also a financial sponsor of NPR, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1197534041928601600?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released an updated ad policy\u003c/a> citing information about census participation that \"contradicts official government records\" as an example of misleading content not allowed on the company's platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=On+Census%2C+Facebook+And+Instagram+To+Ban+Disinformation+And+False+Ads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook is changing user policies for its social media platforms to explicitly ban disinformation about and ads trying to discourage participation in the 2020 census, the company \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/helping-protect-the-us-census/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced on its website Thursday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it plans to enforce these specific bans on all users, including politicians — a departure from previous comments from Facebook officials who said the company did not want to restrict politicians' speech on its platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1207701433774157824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook's updated advertising policy\u003c/a>, ads that describe participating in the U.S. census as \"useless\" or \"meaningless\" are no longer allowed on Instagram or Facebook, which is one of NPR's financial sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In January, the company plans to start removing any posts that misrepresent how and when the count is conducted, as well as who can participate. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1207702378650251264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook's updated Community Standards policy\u003c/a> also bans any misleading content misstating that participating in the census could lead to a person's arrest, deportation or imprisonment or that the Census Bureau will share an individual's census information with another government agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's announcement comes less than three months before the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S. is underway across the country in mid-March, after officially launching in remote Alaska in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and civil rights groups have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/05/774943933/social-media-sites-under-pressure-to-prep-for-census-trolls-and-interference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pressuring Facebook and other social media companies to prepare\u003c/a> for the first primarily online U.S. count. The Census Bureau has been trying to prepare for a potential onslaught of disinformation from Internet trolls and foreign governments in the coming months. In this final stretch before the census begins, concerns linger among immigrant groups and communities of color about the confidentiality of the personal information the government plans to gather, despite federal law prohibiting the bureau from releasing data identifying individuals until 72 years after collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the format of the census evolves, so do the ways that people share information about the census,\" Kevin Martin — Facebook's vice president of U.S. public policy who formerly chaired the Federal Communications Commission under President George W. Bush — and Samidh Chakrabarti, the company's director of product management for civic engagement, wrote on its website. \"This means we have to be more vigilant about protecting against census interference across posts and ads on Facebook and Instagram and help promote an accurate count of every person in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, Facebook has come under fire from critics of how it handles political ads, including ones that contain misleading statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our policy is that we do not fact-check politicians' speech, and the reason for that is that we believe that in a democracy, it is important that people can see for themselves what politicians are saying,\" Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testified in October during a congressional hearing before the House Financial Services Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's updated policies, however, do put some limits on what politicians can say. Political ads that target Facebook's users based in the U.S. are not allowed to advise people not to participate in the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Content that violates our census interference policy will not be allowed to remain on our platforms as newsworthy even if posted by a politician,\" Martin and Chakrabarti wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanita Gupta, president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, said Facebook is \"leading the industry with the most comprehensive policy to date to combat census interference efforts on its platform.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"It appears that Facebook has finally listened,\" Gupta said in a written statement. \"Any good policy is meaningless without proper enforcement. We, along with our partners, will continue to work with Facebook to ensure that policies against census and voter interference are fully implemented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it's also planning to monitor any posts and ads that contain inaccurate statements about the census but do not violate the company's policies. Users may see labels over certain content determined to be \"false\" by independent fact-checkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other tech companies have also recently rolled out updated user policies to prepare for the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Google, which owns YouTube, announced a new \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1204858407519477761?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ban on YouTube videos and user comments\u003c/a> that appear to be \"aiming to mislead participants about the time, means or eligibility requirements for participating in a census.\" In November, Google, which is also a financial sponsor of NPR, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1197534041928601600?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released an updated ad policy\u003c/a> citing information about census participation that \"contradicts official government records\" as an example of misleading content not allowed on the company's platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=On+Census%2C+Facebook+And+Instagram+To+Ban+Disinformation+And+False+Ads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Hours of Fiery Speeches in Protest and Support, House Impeaches Trump",
"title": "After Hours of Fiery Speeches in Protest and Support, House Impeaches Trump",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 8:56 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is now just the third president in American history to be impeached. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">two articles of impeachment against President Trump\u003c/a>. The first article, which charges Trump with abuse of power, was approved largely along a party line vote, 230-197-1. The second article on obstructing Congress passed 229-198-1. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two Democrats opposed the first impeachment article, Minnesota Rep. Collin Peterson and New Jersey Rep. Jeff Van Drew, who is expected to switch parties to the GOP this week. Maine Rep. Jared Golden voted for the first article but against the second one. Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, who is seeking the Democratic nomination for president, voted present. No Republicans voted for either article, although Michigan Rep. Justin Amash, who left the GOP earlier this year to become an independent because he supported impeachment, also voted for both articles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House spent six hours of debate on the articles throughout the day on Wednesday. The vote came just one day before the 21 year anniversary of the House voting to impeach President Bill Clinton in 1998. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the debate, Democrats framed the choice as one to protect the Constitution and democracy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we do not act now,\" House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a speech on the floor, \"we would be derelict in our duty.\" She added that the president \"gave us no choice\" and called Trump an \"ongoing threat\" to national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and other Democratic women wore black to signify the solemnity of the occasion. But Rep. Doug Collins, R-Ga., disputed the idea of this being a somber moment for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not a solemn occasion,\" Collins said. \"When you go looking for something for three years, and especially this year since January, you ought to be excited when you've found it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins went on. \"Why do we keep calling this a solemn occasion when you've been wanting to do this ever since the gentleman was elected?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president, apparently following the debate at the White House, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1207355923573989376\">tweeted \u003c/a>(in all caps) that the \"radical left\" is putting forward \"atrocious lies\" and called the push for his impeachment \"an assault on America and an assault on the Republican party!!!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1207355923573989376?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday morning, the House debated the rules on how to proceed and approved it on a mostly party-line vote, 228-197. There were just two Democratic defections — Rep. Collin Peterson of Minnesota and Rep. Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These same two opposed the House resolution formalizing the impeachment inquiry. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/15/788219342/house-democrat-who-opposed-impeachment-plans-to-switch-to-the-republican-party\">Van Drew is planning to switch parties\u003c/a> but has not officially announced when he will become a Republican. The lone independent, Rep. Justin Amash of Michigan, voted with Democrats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules were determined by the House Rules Committee on Tuesday night. The morning session also saw some debate from members of Congress about Trump's impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one came to Congress to impeach a president,\" Rep. Ben Ray Luján, D-N.M., said on the House floor. But, he added, Trump's behavior \"is so blatantly wrong that ignoring his abuses of power would be abdicating the oath we made to protect this country and uphold our Constitution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members framed their votes as a legacy moment for their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Joe Kennedy, D-Mass., addressed his floor speech to his children. \"I want to tell you the story of this day,\" he said. \"Let the record show that today justice won, that we did our job, that we kept our word, that we stood our sacred ground. Let the record show that we did not let you down.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy concluded, \"I love you. Listen to Mom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"The Trump Impeachment Inquiry\" tag=\"impeachment\"]Rep. Barry Loudermilk, R-Ga., referenced Scripture. \"When Jesus was falsely accused of treason, Pontius Pilate gave Jesus the opportunity to face his accusers,\" Loudermilk said. \"During that sham trial, Pontius Pilate afforded more rights to Jesus than the Democrats have afforded this president in this process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Republicans complained about the impeachment process and argued the president has committed no crimes. There is \"no proof, none\" that the president committed an impeachable offense, said Rep. Debbie Lesko, R-Ariz. She charged that \"Democrats are tearing this country apart; they're tearing families apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., argued that Democrats have long wanted to impeach Trump. \"If we're really being honest,\" Cole said, \"Democrats have been searching to impeach President Trump since the day he was elected.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing lawmakers from both sides of the aisle did agree on: It was a sad day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a sad day. It is not a day for joy,\" said Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga. \"When you see something that is not right, not just, not fair, you have a moral obligation to say something, to do something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a sad day for America,\" agreed Rep. Bill Johnson, R-Ohio, before calling for a moment of silence to memorialize the 63 million Americans who voted for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, the House rejected two motions brought forward by Republicans seeking to delay the eventual impeachment vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The articles of impeachment were approved on a party-line vote last week by the House Judiciary Committee. Wednesday's vote is also expected to closely follow party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have remained solidly behind the president, while Democrats — who control the House — have run the process leading up to Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump on Tuesday released \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Letter-from-President-Trump-final.pdf\">a scorching letter\u003c/a> to Pelosi, in which he called the impeachment effort an \"illegal, partisan attempted coup.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are unwilling and unable to accept the verdict issued at the ballot box during the great Election of 2016,\" he wrote. \"So you have spent three straight years attempting to overturn the will of the American people and nullify their votes. You view democracy as your enemy!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president told reporters Tuesday that he takes \"zero\" responsibility for getting impeached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats charge that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the president abused the power of his office \"by ignoring national security and other vital national interests to obtain an improper personal political benefit,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/788383947/read-the-house-judiciary-committees-trump-impeachment-report\">an impeachment report\u003c/a> by House Democrats on the Judiciary Committee, released Sunday. It further charges that Trump \"betrayed the nation by abusing his high office to enlist a foreign power in corrupting democratic elections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the second article, obstruction of Congress, the Judiciary Committee majority charges\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>that \"no president has ever claimed the unilateral prerogative to categorically and indiscriminately deny a House impeachment inquiry\" and that Trump's\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\"direction to defy House subpoenas constituted an assault on the Impeachment Clause itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the House adopts the articles of impeachment, as expected, the next step is for leadership to name the impeachment managers for a Senate trial. That move could come as early as Wednesday night, but Pelosi will decide whom to tap and she has not signaled when she will do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Senate, meanwhile, White House staffers distributed Christmas cards from Trump as well as copies of his letter to Pelosi, according to Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Conn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ChrisMurphyCT/status/1207391721539227648?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Senate trial, all 100 senators will act as jurors. Two-thirds, or 67 votes, would be needed to convict Trump, an outcome that is unlikely\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>in the Republican-led Senate. In remarks to reporters on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/17/788924966/mcconnell-i-m-not-impartial-about-impeachment\">Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said he is not neutral\u003c/a> on whether Trump should be removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not an impartial juror,\" he said. \"This is a political process. There's not anything judicial about it. Impeachment is a political decision. The House made a partisan political decision to impeach. I would anticipate we will have a largely partisan outcome in the Senate. I'm not impartial about this at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving a taste of the continuing party battles, McConnell has rejected a Democratic proposal for certain witnesses. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., called for White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and former national security adviser John Bolton, along with two others, to testify. But McConnell rejected the idea, calling it \"dead wrong.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Hours+Of+Fiery+Speeches+In+Protest+And+Support%2C+House+Impeaches+Trump&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Lawmakers took to the House floor in roughly six hours of debate Wednesday before passing two articles of impeachment against the president. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 8:56 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is now just the third president in American history to be impeached. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">two articles of impeachment against President Trump\u003c/a>. The first article, which charges Trump with abuse of power, was approved largely along a party line vote, 230-197-1. The second article on obstructing Congress passed 229-198-1. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two Democrats opposed the first impeachment article, Minnesota Rep. Collin Peterson and New Jersey Rep. Jeff Van Drew, who is expected to switch parties to the GOP this week. Maine Rep. Jared Golden voted for the first article but against the second one. Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, who is seeking the Democratic nomination for president, voted present. No Republicans voted for either article, although Michigan Rep. Justin Amash, who left the GOP earlier this year to become an independent because he supported impeachment, also voted for both articles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House spent six hours of debate on the articles throughout the day on Wednesday. The vote came just one day before the 21 year anniversary of the House voting to impeach President Bill Clinton in 1998. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the debate, Democrats framed the choice as one to protect the Constitution and democracy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we do not act now,\" House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a speech on the floor, \"we would be derelict in our duty.\" She added that the president \"gave us no choice\" and called Trump an \"ongoing threat\" to national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and other Democratic women wore black to signify the solemnity of the occasion. But Rep. Doug Collins, R-Ga., disputed the idea of this being a somber moment for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not a solemn occasion,\" Collins said. \"When you go looking for something for three years, and especially this year since January, you ought to be excited when you've found it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins went on. \"Why do we keep calling this a solemn occasion when you've been wanting to do this ever since the gentleman was elected?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president, apparently following the debate at the White House, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1207355923573989376\">tweeted \u003c/a>(in all caps) that the \"radical left\" is putting forward \"atrocious lies\" and called the push for his impeachment \"an assault on America and an assault on the Republican party!!!\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Wednesday morning, the House debated the rules on how to proceed and approved it on a mostly party-line vote, 228-197. There were just two Democratic defections — Rep. Collin Peterson of Minnesota and Rep. Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These same two opposed the House resolution formalizing the impeachment inquiry. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/15/788219342/house-democrat-who-opposed-impeachment-plans-to-switch-to-the-republican-party\">Van Drew is planning to switch parties\u003c/a> but has not officially announced when he will become a Republican. The lone independent, Rep. Justin Amash of Michigan, voted with Democrats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules were determined by the House Rules Committee on Tuesday night. The morning session also saw some debate from members of Congress about Trump's impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one came to Congress to impeach a president,\" Rep. Ben Ray Luján, D-N.M., said on the House floor. But, he added, Trump's behavior \"is so blatantly wrong that ignoring his abuses of power would be abdicating the oath we made to protect this country and uphold our Constitution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members framed their votes as a legacy moment for their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Joe Kennedy, D-Mass., addressed his floor speech to his children. \"I want to tell you the story of this day,\" he said. \"Let the record show that today justice won, that we did our job, that we kept our word, that we stood our sacred ground. Let the record show that we did not let you down.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy concluded, \"I love you. Listen to Mom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Rep. Barry Loudermilk, R-Ga., referenced Scripture. \"When Jesus was falsely accused of treason, Pontius Pilate gave Jesus the opportunity to face his accusers,\" Loudermilk said. \"During that sham trial, Pontius Pilate afforded more rights to Jesus than the Democrats have afforded this president in this process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Republicans complained about the impeachment process and argued the president has committed no crimes. There is \"no proof, none\" that the president committed an impeachable offense, said Rep. Debbie Lesko, R-Ariz. She charged that \"Democrats are tearing this country apart; they're tearing families apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., argued that Democrats have long wanted to impeach Trump. \"If we're really being honest,\" Cole said, \"Democrats have been searching to impeach President Trump since the day he was elected.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing lawmakers from both sides of the aisle did agree on: It was a sad day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a sad day. It is not a day for joy,\" said Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga. \"When you see something that is not right, not just, not fair, you have a moral obligation to say something, to do something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a sad day for America,\" agreed Rep. Bill Johnson, R-Ohio, before calling for a moment of silence to memorialize the 63 million Americans who voted for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, the House rejected two motions brought forward by Republicans seeking to delay the eventual impeachment vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The articles of impeachment were approved on a party-line vote last week by the House Judiciary Committee. Wednesday's vote is also expected to closely follow party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have remained solidly behind the president, while Democrats — who control the House — have run the process leading up to Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump on Tuesday released \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Letter-from-President-Trump-final.pdf\">a scorching letter\u003c/a> to Pelosi, in which he called the impeachment effort an \"illegal, partisan attempted coup.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are unwilling and unable to accept the verdict issued at the ballot box during the great Election of 2016,\" he wrote. \"So you have spent three straight years attempting to overturn the will of the American people and nullify their votes. You view democracy as your enemy!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president told reporters Tuesday that he takes \"zero\" responsibility for getting impeached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats charge that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the president abused the power of his office \"by ignoring national security and other vital national interests to obtain an improper personal political benefit,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/788383947/read-the-house-judiciary-committees-trump-impeachment-report\">an impeachment report\u003c/a> by House Democrats on the Judiciary Committee, released Sunday. It further charges that Trump \"betrayed the nation by abusing his high office to enlist a foreign power in corrupting democratic elections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the second article, obstruction of Congress, the Judiciary Committee majority charges\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>that \"no president has ever claimed the unilateral prerogative to categorically and indiscriminately deny a House impeachment inquiry\" and that Trump's\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\"direction to defy House subpoenas constituted an assault on the Impeachment Clause itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the House adopts the articles of impeachment, as expected, the next step is for leadership to name the impeachment managers for a Senate trial. That move could come as early as Wednesday night, but Pelosi will decide whom to tap and she has not signaled when she will do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Senate, meanwhile, White House staffers distributed Christmas cards from Trump as well as copies of his letter to Pelosi, according to Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Conn.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>At a Senate trial, all 100 senators will act as jurors. Two-thirds, or 67 votes, would be needed to convict Trump, an outcome that is unlikely\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>in the Republican-led Senate. In remarks to reporters on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/17/788924966/mcconnell-i-m-not-impartial-about-impeachment\">Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said he is not neutral\u003c/a> on whether Trump should be removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not an impartial juror,\" he said. \"This is a political process. There's not anything judicial about it. Impeachment is a political decision. The House made a partisan political decision to impeach. I would anticipate we will have a largely partisan outcome in the Senate. I'm not impartial about this at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving a taste of the continuing party battles, McConnell has rejected a Democratic proposal for certain witnesses. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., called for White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and former national security adviser John Bolton, along with two others, to testify. But McConnell rejected the idea, calling it \"dead wrong.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Hours+Of+Fiery+Speeches+In+Protest+And+Support%2C+House+Impeaches+Trump&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "supreme-court-wont-hear-case-to-ticket-homeless-for-sleeping-in-public-spaces",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: Dec. 16, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear an appeal in a case originating from Boise, Idaho, that would have made it a crime to camp and sleep in public spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to let a ruling from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals stand has reverberating effects for the states under the circuit court, including California. The Supreme Court’s decision not to hear an appeal is considered a setback for governments in much of the West that are grappling with widespread homelessness by designing laws to regulate makeshift encampments on sidewalks and parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11777005,news_11764548']The case stems from a lawsuit filed nearly a decade ago. A handful of people sued the city of Boise for repeatedly ticketing them for violating an ordinance against sleeping outside. While Boise officials later amended their ordinance, the 9th Circuit eventually determined the local law was unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a decision last year, the court said it was “cruel and unusual punishment” to enforce rules that stop homeless people from camping in public places when they have no place else to go. That means states across the 9th Circuit can no longer enforce similar statutes if they don’t have enough shelter beds for homeless people sleeping outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case now returns to the 9th Circuit. The city of Boise says it’s evaluating its next steps.\u003cbr>\n___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/13/787861253/how-boises-fight-over-homelessness-is-rippling-across-the-west-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s original story\u003c/a> on the Boise case published Dec. 13, 2019:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s billed as one of the most livable places in the country with its good schools, leafy streets and safe neighborhoods. That’s what makes Boise, Idaho, an odd backdrop for a heated legal fight around homelessness that is reverberating across the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It goes back nearly a decade to when seven homeless people sued Boise for repeatedly ticketing them for sleeping outside. Last year, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2019/04/01/15-35845.pdf\">ruled in their favor\u003c/a>. The decision said it was “cruel and unusual punishment” to enforce rules that stop homeless people from camping in public places when they have no place else to go. That means in states across the 9th Circuit — including Washington, Oregon and California — cities and counties can no longer enforce similar statutes if they don’t have enough shelter beds for homeless people sleeping outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pam Hawkes was one of the original plaintiffs in the case. She now lives in Spokane, Washington, where she had been in and out of homelessness and only recently found stable housing. Seven years ago, she and her then-partner had nowhere to live in Boise, and many nights, they had no other choice but to pitch a tent in a wooded area along the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘I just need somewhere to lay my head overnight,’ and it’s not like we left camp up,” she said. “We always packed up and we always kept it clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though she says she tried to keep herself hidden, police issued her more than a dozen tickets. Like most people living on the streets, Hawkes didn’t have steady work and couldn’t pay the fines. So she ended up in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d never been in jail a whole day and night before,” she said. “It was terrifying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boise has hired a high-powered Los Angeles-based law firm to appeal the case to the Supreme Court. Dozens of other municipalities and organizations, ranging from the downtown L.A. YMCA to a group of California counties, have filed amicus briefs in support of the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the fight over how to deal with the ever-growing homelessness crisis — most acutely visible in places such as Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle — is dividing cities, neighborhoods and political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a deciding factor in the unusually heated Boise mayoral race between two Democrats this past fall. Like many western cities, Boise is in the midst of an extraordinary affordable housing shortage. It’s also one of the fastest-growing cities in the nation, a source of tension in some corners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message that prevailed was city council president Lauren McLean’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The part that is missed all too often is the importance of prevention, if we want to prevent camps, we have to prevent homelessness,” she said during a forum at at a local homeless shelter. “We’ve got to address the affordability crisis in the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a divisive runoff earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/post/runoff-election-results-2019-mclean-wins-boise-mayor-race-mcgee-takes-caldwell-city-council\">McLean handily beat the city’s longest-serving mayor\u003c/a>, Dave Bieter. He took heat for the city spending hundreds of thousands of dollars to appeal a case, money that some argued should be going to housing and more support services for the homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bieter warned that the famously pleasant and livable city of Boise can remain that way only if it has the ability to issue some tickets to stop the spread of tent cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m really concerned when I see Seattle or Portland or San Francisco, I go there and I see a city that’s overwhelmed by the problem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/16/supreme-court-wont-hear-case-to-ticket-homeless-for-sleeping-in-public-spaces/san-francisco-like-many-places-across-the-west-face-a-growing-homelessness-crisis/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791457\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco, like many places across the West, face a growing homelessness crisis. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In cities like those, and in Los Angeles, the homelessness crisis is far more eye-opening than in Boise. Homeless encampments are sprouting up in underpasses, along streets, on scores of sidewalks and inside parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In downtown Los Angeles’ skid row, some 3,000 people sleep on the streets in the shadow of the financial district and luxury condos. The county is home to nearly 60,000 homeless people, and the city’s homeless \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-homeless-count-encampment-affordable-housing-2019-results-20190604-story.html\">population jumped 16%\u003c/a> in the last year. California is where nearly a quarter of the country’s homeless population live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles City Attorney Mike Feuer and Los Angeles County each filed \u003ca href=\"http://filedn.com/lOJqn8isbUNJvUBnJTlV5OS/CITY%20OF%20LA%20AMICUS%20BRIEF%20CITY%20OF%20BOISE.pdf\">amicus briefs\u003c/a> in support of the appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want the Supreme Court to issue clear rules that lead there to be certainty in jurisdictions like ours as to how we can regulate — constitutionally — conduct on our sidewalks,” Feuer said. “A shared space for which we need to strike a very fine balance between the rights and legitimate interests of homeless people and the rights and legitimate interests of other residents and businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11752329,news_11748088,news_11739894,news_11745902,news_11678178' label='The Rise in Homelessness']The Boise ruling, he said, sweeps too broadly. He wants clarity. Does Los Angeles have the right to intervene if someone, for example, refuses to take an available shelter bed even if the city doesn’t have beds for everyone? Is the city required to do burdensome nightly counts of the homeless population as compared with the number of shelter beds available?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to assure that there are rules that everybody can live by, so that all our public spaces that are shared by everybody can be safe for everybody,” he said. “Occasionally that is going to require some level of enforcement, and sometimes a level of enforcement is going to pertain to people who are homeless, not because of their status of being homeless, but because of conduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is nowhere near the number of shelter beds or temporary and permanent housing for the people who need it, Feuer said. But as the city works to solve the crisis, it also needs tools to keep Los Angeles safe. Business owners, housed residents, homeless people and advocates are frustrated with the growing encampments, garbage, human feces and used needles. This is all increasing as the city spends more on tackling the homelessness crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, voters passed \u003ca href=\"https://hcidla.lacity.org/prop-hhh\">Proposition HHH\u003c/a>, a $1.2 billion affordable housing bond program to build 10,000 supportive housing units for the chronically homeless in Los Angeles. Not one unit is complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791458\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/16/supreme-court-wont-hear-case-to-ticket-homeless-for-sleeping-in-public-spaces/in-los-angeles-homeless-encampments-sprout-up-in-underpasses-along-streets-on-scores-of-sidewalks-and-inside-parks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791458\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791458\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-800x616.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-1020x786.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-1200x924.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-1920x1479.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Los Angeles, homeless encampments sprout up in underpasses, along streets, on scores of sidewalks and inside parks. \u003ccite>(Damian Dovarganes/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Three years later, we have more houseless people than ever before. Three years later, three houseless people per day are dying. Three years later, 150 people per day are entering into the houseless ranks,” said Pete White, head of the \u003ca href=\"https://cangress.org/\">Los Angeles Community Action Network\u003c/a> or L.A. CAN, based on skid row. His organization has been on the other side of many legal challenges against city ordinances it considers anti-homeless, from property confiscation to stopping people who have nowhere to go from sleeping in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says Los Angeles and other cities have to stop reaching into a toolbox to police the problem and start reaching into a toolbox to solve the problem. The solution is clear: affordable housing and services for the underserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the L.A. CAN office, Juan Brown is shaking his head as he watches sanitation workers fill garbage trucks and power-wash the sidewalks. Police are taping off the area as outreach workers roam the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just another ploy to harass the homeless, making us move,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was living on the corner where he stands for three years before finally getting into housing a month ago. He lost his job as a truck driver after he was hit by a drunken driver. He couldn’t make rent and ended up outside. He refers to the clean streets effort he’s watching as clean sweeps, because homeless people are forced to move, temporarily. If they don’t get their stuff out of the way in time, he said, it gets confiscated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re targeted because Los Angeles look at us like cockroaches instead of human beings,” he said. “We’re no longer human beings out here. Homeless people are cockroaches to society now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Vanessa Romo of NPR also contributed reporting to this updated article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Cities in the West that are dealing with an explosion of homelessness urged the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn a lower court ruling limiting bans on camping. The court declined to hear the appeal.",
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"title": "Supreme Court Won't Hear Case to Ticket Homeless for Sleeping in Public Spaces | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: Dec. 16, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear an appeal in a case originating from Boise, Idaho, that would have made it a crime to camp and sleep in public spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to let a ruling from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals stand has reverberating effects for the states under the circuit court, including California. The Supreme Court’s decision not to hear an appeal is considered a setback for governments in much of the West that are grappling with widespread homelessness by designing laws to regulate makeshift encampments on sidewalks and parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The case stems from a lawsuit filed nearly a decade ago. A handful of people sued the city of Boise for repeatedly ticketing them for violating an ordinance against sleeping outside. While Boise officials later amended their ordinance, the 9th Circuit eventually determined the local law was unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a decision last year, the court said it was “cruel and unusual punishment” to enforce rules that stop homeless people from camping in public places when they have no place else to go. That means states across the 9th Circuit can no longer enforce similar statutes if they don’t have enough shelter beds for homeless people sleeping outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case now returns to the 9th Circuit. The city of Boise says it’s evaluating its next steps.\u003cbr>\n___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/13/787861253/how-boises-fight-over-homelessness-is-rippling-across-the-west-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s original story\u003c/a> on the Boise case published Dec. 13, 2019:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s billed as one of the most livable places in the country with its good schools, leafy streets and safe neighborhoods. That’s what makes Boise, Idaho, an odd backdrop for a heated legal fight around homelessness that is reverberating across the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It goes back nearly a decade to when seven homeless people sued Boise for repeatedly ticketing them for sleeping outside. Last year, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2019/04/01/15-35845.pdf\">ruled in their favor\u003c/a>. The decision said it was “cruel and unusual punishment” to enforce rules that stop homeless people from camping in public places when they have no place else to go. That means in states across the 9th Circuit — including Washington, Oregon and California — cities and counties can no longer enforce similar statutes if they don’t have enough shelter beds for homeless people sleeping outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pam Hawkes was one of the original plaintiffs in the case. She now lives in Spokane, Washington, where she had been in and out of homelessness and only recently found stable housing. Seven years ago, she and her then-partner had nowhere to live in Boise, and many nights, they had no other choice but to pitch a tent in a wooded area along the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘I just need somewhere to lay my head overnight,’ and it’s not like we left camp up,” she said. “We always packed up and we always kept it clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though she says she tried to keep herself hidden, police issued her more than a dozen tickets. Like most people living on the streets, Hawkes didn’t have steady work and couldn’t pay the fines. So she ended up in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d never been in jail a whole day and night before,” she said. “It was terrifying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boise has hired a high-powered Los Angeles-based law firm to appeal the case to the Supreme Court. Dozens of other municipalities and organizations, ranging from the downtown L.A. YMCA to a group of California counties, have filed amicus briefs in support of the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the fight over how to deal with the ever-growing homelessness crisis — most acutely visible in places such as Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle — is dividing cities, neighborhoods and political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a deciding factor in the unusually heated Boise mayoral race between two Democrats this past fall. Like many western cities, Boise is in the midst of an extraordinary affordable housing shortage. It’s also one of the fastest-growing cities in the nation, a source of tension in some corners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message that prevailed was city council president Lauren McLean’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The part that is missed all too often is the importance of prevention, if we want to prevent camps, we have to prevent homelessness,” she said during a forum at at a local homeless shelter. “We’ve got to address the affordability crisis in the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a divisive runoff earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/post/runoff-election-results-2019-mclean-wins-boise-mayor-race-mcgee-takes-caldwell-city-council\">McLean handily beat the city’s longest-serving mayor\u003c/a>, Dave Bieter. He took heat for the city spending hundreds of thousands of dollars to appeal a case, money that some argued should be going to housing and more support services for the homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bieter warned that the famously pleasant and livable city of Boise can remain that way only if it has the ability to issue some tickets to stop the spread of tent cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m really concerned when I see Seattle or Portland or San Francisco, I go there and I see a city that’s overwhelmed by the problem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/16/supreme-court-wont-hear-case-to-ticket-homeless-for-sleeping-in-public-spaces/san-francisco-like-many-places-across-the-west-face-a-growing-homelessness-crisis/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791457\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19269761182883-3bfcfa8078ccf933b69ae0a098d95e5125d52c03-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco, like many places across the West, face a growing homelessness crisis. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In cities like those, and in Los Angeles, the homelessness crisis is far more eye-opening than in Boise. Homeless encampments are sprouting up in underpasses, along streets, on scores of sidewalks and inside parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In downtown Los Angeles’ skid row, some 3,000 people sleep on the streets in the shadow of the financial district and luxury condos. The county is home to nearly 60,000 homeless people, and the city’s homeless \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-homeless-count-encampment-affordable-housing-2019-results-20190604-story.html\">population jumped 16%\u003c/a> in the last year. California is where nearly a quarter of the country’s homeless population live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles City Attorney Mike Feuer and Los Angeles County each filed \u003ca href=\"http://filedn.com/lOJqn8isbUNJvUBnJTlV5OS/CITY%20OF%20LA%20AMICUS%20BRIEF%20CITY%20OF%20BOISE.pdf\">amicus briefs\u003c/a> in support of the appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want the Supreme Court to issue clear rules that lead there to be certainty in jurisdictions like ours as to how we can regulate — constitutionally — conduct on our sidewalks,” Feuer said. “A shared space for which we need to strike a very fine balance between the rights and legitimate interests of homeless people and the rights and legitimate interests of other residents and businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Boise ruling, he said, sweeps too broadly. He wants clarity. Does Los Angeles have the right to intervene if someone, for example, refuses to take an available shelter bed even if the city doesn’t have beds for everyone? Is the city required to do burdensome nightly counts of the homeless population as compared with the number of shelter beds available?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to assure that there are rules that everybody can live by, so that all our public spaces that are shared by everybody can be safe for everybody,” he said. “Occasionally that is going to require some level of enforcement, and sometimes a level of enforcement is going to pertain to people who are homeless, not because of their status of being homeless, but because of conduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is nowhere near the number of shelter beds or temporary and permanent housing for the people who need it, Feuer said. But as the city works to solve the crisis, it also needs tools to keep Los Angeles safe. Business owners, housed residents, homeless people and advocates are frustrated with the growing encampments, garbage, human feces and used needles. This is all increasing as the city spends more on tackling the homelessness crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, voters passed \u003ca href=\"https://hcidla.lacity.org/prop-hhh\">Proposition HHH\u003c/a>, a $1.2 billion affordable housing bond program to build 10,000 supportive housing units for the chronically homeless in Los Angeles. Not one unit is complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791458\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/16/supreme-court-wont-hear-case-to-ticket-homeless-for-sleeping-in-public-spaces/in-los-angeles-homeless-encampments-sprout-up-in-underpasses-along-streets-on-scores-of-sidewalks-and-inside-parks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791458\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791458\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-800x616.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-1020x786.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-1200x924.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/ap_19260724848862_custom-aaa0707327a7a774ae1e2642b42c62ec6c22da0e-1920x1479.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Los Angeles, homeless encampments sprout up in underpasses, along streets, on scores of sidewalks and inside parks. \u003ccite>(Damian Dovarganes/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Three years later, we have more houseless people than ever before. Three years later, three houseless people per day are dying. Three years later, 150 people per day are entering into the houseless ranks,” said Pete White, head of the \u003ca href=\"https://cangress.org/\">Los Angeles Community Action Network\u003c/a> or L.A. CAN, based on skid row. His organization has been on the other side of many legal challenges against city ordinances it considers anti-homeless, from property confiscation to stopping people who have nowhere to go from sleeping in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says Los Angeles and other cities have to stop reaching into a toolbox to police the problem and start reaching into a toolbox to solve the problem. The solution is clear: affordable housing and services for the underserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the L.A. CAN office, Juan Brown is shaking his head as he watches sanitation workers fill garbage trucks and power-wash the sidewalks. Police are taping off the area as outreach workers roam the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just another ploy to harass the homeless, making us move,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was living on the corner where he stands for three years before finally getting into housing a month ago. He lost his job as a truck driver after he was hit by a drunken driver. He couldn’t make rent and ended up outside. He refers to the clean streets effort he’s watching as clean sweeps, because homeless people are forced to move, temporarily. If they don’t get their stuff out of the way in time, he said, it gets confiscated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re targeted because Los Angeles look at us like cockroaches instead of human beings,” he said. “We’re no longer human beings out here. Homeless people are cockroaches to society now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Vanessa Romo of NPR also contributed reporting to this updated article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Education Secretary Betsy DeVos endured a withering barrage of questions on Wednesday about her handling of a program meant to provide debt relief to federal student loan borrowers who say they were defrauded by for-profit colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Madame Secretary, your refusal to process claims is inflicting serious harm on students,” Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., said in his opening statement. “These defrauded borrowers have been left with piles of debt, worthless degrees and none of the jobs that were promised.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11790670\" label=\"\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos testified before the House education committee one day after NPR published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790670/betsy-devos-overruled-education-department-findings-on-defrauded-student-borrowers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">internal memos \u003c/a>showing the secretary overruled her own department’s findings that borrowers deserved full relief from their loans, because their college credits are essentially worthless. Hundreds of thousands of borrowers are in limbo, and several members referred to the memos in their questioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questioning got heated and personal at times. Rep. Frederica Wilson, D-Fla., in her trademark cowboy hat adorned with purple glitter, stated that the secretary was “out to destroy public education.” Wilson told Devos, “You are the most unpopular person in our government. … When many people vote in 2020 they will vote to remove you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Virginia Foxx, the committee’s ranking Republican, called those comments “over the line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In answering questions from the panel, DeVos acknowledged some of the problems. “Yes, there is a backlog of borrower defense claims at Federal Student Aid,” she said. “To say that I am frustrated by that is an understatement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she stated her intention to enforce current regulations in “good faith,” DeVos also repeated her position that taxpayers’ interests need to be protected when deciding who should get their money back and how much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students are my number one priority,” DeVos said in her opening statement. “They are why I come to work every day. So if students have been deceived by institutions and suffered financial harm as a result, they should be made whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300,000 borrowers have pending claims, DeVos said Wednesday. Some have been waiting, in many cases for years, for the Education Department to decide their financial fate. Federal agencies found, starting in 2015, that some for-profit colleges, including the now-defunct \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2014/07/08/329550897/the-collapse-of-corinthian-colleges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corinthian Colleges\u003c/a> and ITT Technical Institute, lied to these students about their job prospects and the value of their credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the waning days of the Obama administration, the Education Department decided to grant full loan relief to these defrauded borrowers under a previously little-used rule called “borrower defense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when DeVos took over, she quickly made clear that the department would not be offering borrowers blanket relief. She came up with a new formula that would provide only partial relief to the vast majority of borrowers, based on their present-day income. That idea was stopped by the courts on the grounds that using Social Security earnings data to calculate relief violates borrowers’ privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questioning by Republicans on the committee, including Rep. Fred Keller of Pennsylvania, focused on the court case as the reason that borrower relief has been delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, DeVos came back with a new plan for partial relief that would rely on publicly available income data. In the hearing today, DeVos defended the principle of providing “fair relief to all borrowers who actually have been harmed. … They would not be entitled to relief if they can’t demonstrate they’ve been financially harmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rep. Suzanne Bonamici of Oregon was among many Democrats to argue that “just because someone is making money doesn’t mean they weren’t defrauded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary was defiant on Wednesday in her opposition to existing regulation and the findings of her own department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After taking office, DeVos had to sign off on thousands of borrower defense claims that had already been approved by the previous administration. As pointed out by Wilson during the hearing, she added three words below her signature: “with extreme displeasure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, DeVos said that the Obama administration had “weaponized borrower defense against schools that they didn’t like.” When asked directly, by Democrats Kim Schrier of Washington state and later by Andy Levin of Michigan, whether she believed Corinthian students had indeed been defrauded, the secretary did not answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘People Just Laugh in My Face’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rep. Scott in his opening statement referred directly to NPR’s reporting this week. “A media outlet published documents revealing that [the department’s] own staff conducted research … and found students deserved full debt relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He demanded: “Are there other relevant documents the department is withholding?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR on Wednesday published previously unreleased, internal Education Department memos that show just how strongly career staff in the department’s Borrower Defense Unit had come down on the side of defrauded borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the memos, the unit reviewed thousands of borrower complaints against Corinthian and ITT Tech. Just weeks before DeVos was sworn in as secretary, the unit recommended to the department’s political leadership that these borrowers deserve no less than full relief from their student debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11782808,news_11637321,news_10908778\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572882-1-9-2017-Memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">One memo, dated Jan. 9, 2017\u003c/a>, begins: “Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (‘Corinthian’) consistently represented that all graduates obtained jobs after graduation or, relatedly, that its students were guaranteed employment after graduation. These representations were false and misleading. Accordingly, the Borrower Defense Unit recommends full relief for Corinthian borrower defense (BD) applicants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572883-1-10-2017-Memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Another memo, dated the next day\u003c/a> — Jan. 10, 2017 — arrived at the same conclusion for California-based students who allege they were lied to by ITT Technical Institute, and likewise recommended full relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memos also include quotes from individual borrowers. In the Jan. 9, 2017, memo, a Corinthian graduate complains, “I was told I would find a job in my field. … I ‘graduated’ and still can’t find a job that will honor my degree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Employers will not touch me,” says a borrower quoted in \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572884-10-24-2016-Memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a memo dated Oct. 24, 2016\u003c/a>. “After graduating I posted a resume online. I did not receive any responses until I removed [the school’s name] from my resume.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another borrower says, “People just laugh in my face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an especially tense exchange, Rep. Jahana Hayes, a freshman Democrat from Connecticut, entered the memos published by NPR into the record and scolded DeVos for not reviewing them before her testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you explain why you ignored that memo? Did you not know you were coming here today?” Hayes asked. “In December 2019, when NPR ran a story, it didn’t cross your mind that I should read this document?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In round after round of questioning, House Democrats shared stories of their constituents who had been personally affected by loans that have not been forgiven, employment dreams deferred and credit reports damaged as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Susan Davis, Democrat from California, pointed out in the hearing Thursday that, even as a large number of borrowers continue to wait for their cases to be settled, a new set of borrower defense claims may be looming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week the University of Phoenix, once the largest for-profit college in the country, agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786738760/university-of-phoenix-reaches-191-million-settlement-with-ftc-including-debt-rel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pay a record fine\u003c/a> to the Federal Trade Commission over advertising claims about job placement. The settlement includes $141 million in forgiveness of debts owed directly to the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=House+Democrats+Grill+Betsy+DeVos+Over+Denying+Student+Borrower+Relief&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Education Secretary Betsy DeVos endured a withering barrage of questions on Wednesday about her handling of a program meant to provide debt relief to federal student loan borrowers who say they were defrauded by for-profit colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Madame Secretary, your refusal to process claims is inflicting serious harm on students,” Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., said in his opening statement. “These defrauded borrowers have been left with piles of debt, worthless degrees and none of the jobs that were promised.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos testified before the House education committee one day after NPR published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790670/betsy-devos-overruled-education-department-findings-on-defrauded-student-borrowers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">internal memos \u003c/a>showing the secretary overruled her own department’s findings that borrowers deserved full relief from their loans, because their college credits are essentially worthless. Hundreds of thousands of borrowers are in limbo, and several members referred to the memos in their questioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questioning got heated and personal at times. Rep. Frederica Wilson, D-Fla., in her trademark cowboy hat adorned with purple glitter, stated that the secretary was “out to destroy public education.” Wilson told Devos, “You are the most unpopular person in our government. … When many people vote in 2020 they will vote to remove you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Virginia Foxx, the committee’s ranking Republican, called those comments “over the line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In answering questions from the panel, DeVos acknowledged some of the problems. “Yes, there is a backlog of borrower defense claims at Federal Student Aid,” she said. “To say that I am frustrated by that is an understatement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she stated her intention to enforce current regulations in “good faith,” DeVos also repeated her position that taxpayers’ interests need to be protected when deciding who should get their money back and how much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students are my number one priority,” DeVos said in her opening statement. “They are why I come to work every day. So if students have been deceived by institutions and suffered financial harm as a result, they should be made whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300,000 borrowers have pending claims, DeVos said Wednesday. Some have been waiting, in many cases for years, for the Education Department to decide their financial fate. Federal agencies found, starting in 2015, that some for-profit colleges, including the now-defunct \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2014/07/08/329550897/the-collapse-of-corinthian-colleges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corinthian Colleges\u003c/a> and ITT Technical Institute, lied to these students about their job prospects and the value of their credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the waning days of the Obama administration, the Education Department decided to grant full loan relief to these defrauded borrowers under a previously little-used rule called “borrower defense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when DeVos took over, she quickly made clear that the department would not be offering borrowers blanket relief. She came up with a new formula that would provide only partial relief to the vast majority of borrowers, based on their present-day income. That idea was stopped by the courts on the grounds that using Social Security earnings data to calculate relief violates borrowers’ privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questioning by Republicans on the committee, including Rep. Fred Keller of Pennsylvania, focused on the court case as the reason that borrower relief has been delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, DeVos came back with a new plan for partial relief that would rely on publicly available income data. In the hearing today, DeVos defended the principle of providing “fair relief to all borrowers who actually have been harmed. … They would not be entitled to relief if they can’t demonstrate they’ve been financially harmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rep. Suzanne Bonamici of Oregon was among many Democrats to argue that “just because someone is making money doesn’t mean they weren’t defrauded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary was defiant on Wednesday in her opposition to existing regulation and the findings of her own department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After taking office, DeVos had to sign off on thousands of borrower defense claims that had already been approved by the previous administration. As pointed out by Wilson during the hearing, she added three words below her signature: “with extreme displeasure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, DeVos said that the Obama administration had “weaponized borrower defense against schools that they didn’t like.” When asked directly, by Democrats Kim Schrier of Washington state and later by Andy Levin of Michigan, whether she believed Corinthian students had indeed been defrauded, the secretary did not answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘People Just Laugh in My Face’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rep. Scott in his opening statement referred directly to NPR’s reporting this week. “A media outlet published documents revealing that [the department’s] own staff conducted research … and found students deserved full debt relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He demanded: “Are there other relevant documents the department is withholding?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR on Wednesday published previously unreleased, internal Education Department memos that show just how strongly career staff in the department’s Borrower Defense Unit had come down on the side of defrauded borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the memos, the unit reviewed thousands of borrower complaints against Corinthian and ITT Tech. Just weeks before DeVos was sworn in as secretary, the unit recommended to the department’s political leadership that these borrowers deserve no less than full relief from their student debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572882-1-9-2017-Memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">One memo, dated Jan. 9, 2017\u003c/a>, begins: “Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (‘Corinthian’) consistently represented that all graduates obtained jobs after graduation or, relatedly, that its students were guaranteed employment after graduation. These representations were false and misleading. Accordingly, the Borrower Defense Unit recommends full relief for Corinthian borrower defense (BD) applicants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572883-1-10-2017-Memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Another memo, dated the next day\u003c/a> — Jan. 10, 2017 — arrived at the same conclusion for California-based students who allege they were lied to by ITT Technical Institute, and likewise recommended full relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memos also include quotes from individual borrowers. In the Jan. 9, 2017, memo, a Corinthian graduate complains, “I was told I would find a job in my field. … I ‘graduated’ and still can’t find a job that will honor my degree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Employers will not touch me,” says a borrower quoted in \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572884-10-24-2016-Memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a memo dated Oct. 24, 2016\u003c/a>. “After graduating I posted a resume online. I did not receive any responses until I removed [the school’s name] from my resume.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another borrower says, “People just laugh in my face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an especially tense exchange, Rep. Jahana Hayes, a freshman Democrat from Connecticut, entered the memos published by NPR into the record and scolded DeVos for not reviewing them before her testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you explain why you ignored that memo? Did you not know you were coming here today?” Hayes asked. “In December 2019, when NPR ran a story, it didn’t cross your mind that I should read this document?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In round after round of questioning, House Democrats shared stories of their constituents who had been personally affected by loans that have not been forgiven, employment dreams deferred and credit reports damaged as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Susan Davis, Democrat from California, pointed out in the hearing Thursday that, even as a large number of borrowers continue to wait for their cases to be settled, a new set of borrower defense claims may be looming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week the University of Phoenix, once the largest for-profit college in the country, agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786738760/university-of-phoenix-reaches-191-million-settlement-with-ftc-including-debt-rel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pay a record fine\u003c/a> to the Federal Trade Commission over advertising claims about job placement. The settlement includes $141 million in forgiveness of debts owed directly to the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=House+Democrats+Grill+Betsy+DeVos+Over+Denying+Student+Borrower+Relief&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "House Judiciary Committee Delays Votes On Two Articles Of Impeachment Until Friday",
"title": "House Judiciary Committee Delays Votes On Two Articles Of Impeachment Until Friday",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:38 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planned votes on two articles of impeachment against President Trump were delayed late Thursday night by Rep. Jerrold Nadler, the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. He asked members to consider how they want to vote and to reconvene at 10 a.m. Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranking minority member Rep. Doug Collins and others protested that Nadler had upset the committee's plans without consulting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Judiciary Committee had sparred for more than 12 hours Thursday ahead of an expected votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/jLKQgEir9Bs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the articles will head to a vote of the full House, likely by the end of next week. A vote to impeach would trigger a Senate trial, expected in January, over whether Trump keeps his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month's spectacle is rare — it is only the fourth time articles of impeachment have been introduced. If the House votes to impeach Trump, that would represent only the third such instance in United States history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Knife fight over amendments\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Judiciary Committee's Republicans did not go along quietly Thursday and sought to delay the panel's actions with procedural motions and appeals to the chairman, Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., including for a hearing of their own they believe they're owed under the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/12/watch-live-judiciary-committee-debates-articles-of-impeachment/npr2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791064\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"843\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791064\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2-1200x674.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Jim Jordan speaks with speaks with Ranking Member Rep. Doug Collins. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, moved to strike the language of the first article of impeachment and to substitute words that emphasized what he called an account of the Ukraine affair that underscored how Trump had done nothing wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. David Cicilline, D-R.I., opposed that amendment to preserve the articles of impeachment based on what he called Trump's improper conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Steve Chabot, R-Ohio, said, \"There simply wasn't a crime committed here and there shouldn't be an impeachment here, either.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif., had his own take: \"There are no crimes here? That is the defense? ... How about the highest crime that one who holds public office can commit — a crime against our Constitution?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791063\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/12/watch-live-judiciary-committee-debates-articles-of-impeachment/npr3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791063\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"843\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791063\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3-1200x674.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., listens during a House Judiciary Committee markup hearing on the articles of impeachment against President Trump on Capitol Hill on Thursday. \u003ccite>(Andrew Harrer/Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The committee rejected Jordan's amendment on a party line vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., then offered an amendment that alluded to the son of former Vice President Joe Biden, Hunter, and the Ukrainian company that paid him for a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaetz also read from \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/08/will-hunter-biden-jeopardize-his-fathers-campaign?verso=true\">a magazine profile that described Hunter's alleged drug use\u003c/a> and the discovery of drug paraphernalia in his rental car. Democrats don't want to focus on what Gaetz called the true corruption here — that which involved the Bidens and Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/12/watch-live-judiciary-committee-debates-articles-of-impeachment/npr4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791062\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1124\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791062\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House Judiciary Committee member Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee holds up a Constitution as she speaks during a Thursday's hearing. \u003ccite>(Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rep. Hank Johnson, D-Ga., announced his opposition to Gaetz's proposal, alluding indirectly to reports about Gaetz's arrest in connection with allegedly driving under the influence. \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/facebook-fact-checks/statements/2019/nov/01/facebook-posts/post-says-rep-matt-gaetz-has-numerous-duis-wrong/\">Those charges were dropped\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pot calling the kettle black is not something we should do,\" Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so ran the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next steps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats control the majority in the committee and in the full House. They can control the text of the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said on Thursday that she is leaving it up to members about how to decide to vote when the time comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have no message,\" she said, alluding to the practice of encouraging members to vote a certain way via an officer in the legislature known as the \"whip.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not whipping this legislation nor do we ever whip something like this,\" Pelosi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Continued the speaker: \"People need to come to their own conclusions. They've seen the facts as presented in the Intelligence Committee. They have seen the Constitution as they know it they take an oath to protect and defend it ... They'll make their own decisions. I don't say anything to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minority Whip Steve Scalise, R-La., meanwhile, circulated a note to members on Thursday that featured a line in red with the key word emphasized in all-capital letters: \"Whip Scalise recommends a NO vote.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full House could vote sometime next week on impeachment. If the measure passes, it would launch the trial in the Senate, expected next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans control the Senate and they're expected to acquit Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has called the proceedings a \"witch hunt\" and \"failing.\" He dubbed it \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.inquirer.com/news/trump-2020-rally-hershey-pennsylvania-impeachment-20191210.html\">impeachment lite\u003c/a>\" and \"the lightest impeachment in the history of our country by far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ukraine affair\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">The two articles Democrats introduced\u003c/a> are for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The abuse of power charge centers on a pressure campaign carried out against Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple witnesses testified to an effort to get Ukraine to announce investigations into conspiracy theories about the 2016 campaign and into the Bidens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the pressure campaign mounted, the Trump administration froze nearly $400 million in military aid already allocated by Congress and promised a White House meeting for Ukraine's president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funds were eventually released; the White House meeting still has not taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obstruction of Congress charge owes to Trump's broad directive to block witnesses from testifying and documents from being released in connection with the Ukraine matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's hearing notably was in prime-time television viewing. Polling has barely budged any views. By a 45% to 44% margin, Americans were split on whether Trump should be impeached and removed, according to the latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/19/780540637/poll-americans-overwhelmingly-say-impeachment-hearings-wont-change-their-minds\">NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"The Trump Impeachment Inquiry\" tag=\"impeachment\"]That split also was on full display Wednesday night \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/11/786861542/house-democrats-to-begin-amending-impeachment-articles-wednesday-evening\">when the markup began\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats were firm in their view that the president tried to \"cheat\" in the 2020 election by soliciting foreign interference in U.S. elections — and should be impeached and removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In pressuring Ukraine for a personal favor, President Trump both betrayed our national security and attempted to corrupt our elections,\" Nadler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans, on the other hand, were dug in on their view that this impeachment is simply about politics, that Democrats have sought to impeach Trump since he was elected and that Trump committed no specific criminal act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have been on this path since November 2016,\" Collins said. \"The only thing that's changed is your desire to impeach the president when you became the majority.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. 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"excerpt": "Chairman Jerrold Nadler unexpectedly called a halt for the night without consulting minority Republicans after hours of procedural combat toward the expected votes. GOP members were outraged.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:38 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planned votes on two articles of impeachment against President Trump were delayed late Thursday night by Rep. Jerrold Nadler, the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. He asked members to consider how they want to vote and to reconvene at 10 a.m. Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranking minority member Rep. Doug Collins and others protested that Nadler had upset the committee's plans without consulting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Judiciary Committee had sparred for more than 12 hours Thursday ahead of an expected votes.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jLKQgEir9Bs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jLKQgEir9Bs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>If approved, the articles will head to a vote of the full House, likely by the end of next week. A vote to impeach would trigger a Senate trial, expected in January, over whether Trump keeps his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month's spectacle is rare — it is only the fourth time articles of impeachment have been introduced. If the House votes to impeach Trump, that would represent only the third such instance in United States history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Knife fight over amendments\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Judiciary Committee's Republicans did not go along quietly Thursday and sought to delay the panel's actions with procedural motions and appeals to the chairman, Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., including for a hearing of their own they believe they're owed under the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/12/watch-live-judiciary-committee-debates-articles-of-impeachment/npr2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791064\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"843\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791064\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr2-1200x674.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Jim Jordan speaks with speaks with Ranking Member Rep. Doug Collins. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, moved to strike the language of the first article of impeachment and to substitute words that emphasized what he called an account of the Ukraine affair that underscored how Trump had done nothing wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. David Cicilline, D-R.I., opposed that amendment to preserve the articles of impeachment based on what he called Trump's improper conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Steve Chabot, R-Ohio, said, \"There simply wasn't a crime committed here and there shouldn't be an impeachment here, either.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif., had his own take: \"There are no crimes here? That is the defense? ... How about the highest crime that one who holds public office can commit — a crime against our Constitution?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791063\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/12/watch-live-judiciary-committee-debates-articles-of-impeachment/npr3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791063\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"843\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791063\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr3-1200x674.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., listens during a House Judiciary Committee markup hearing on the articles of impeachment against President Trump on Capitol Hill on Thursday. \u003ccite>(Andrew Harrer/Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The committee rejected Jordan's amendment on a party line vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., then offered an amendment that alluded to the son of former Vice President Joe Biden, Hunter, and the Ukrainian company that paid him for a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaetz also read from \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/08/will-hunter-biden-jeopardize-his-fathers-campaign?verso=true\">a magazine profile that described Hunter's alleged drug use\u003c/a> and the discovery of drug paraphernalia in his rental car. Democrats don't want to focus on what Gaetz called the true corruption here — that which involved the Bidens and Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/12/watch-live-judiciary-committee-debates-articles-of-impeachment/npr4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791062\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1124\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791062\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/npr4-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House Judiciary Committee member Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee holds up a Constitution as she speaks during a Thursday's hearing. \u003ccite>(Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rep. Hank Johnson, D-Ga., announced his opposition to Gaetz's proposal, alluding indirectly to reports about Gaetz's arrest in connection with allegedly driving under the influence. \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/facebook-fact-checks/statements/2019/nov/01/facebook-posts/post-says-rep-matt-gaetz-has-numerous-duis-wrong/\">Those charges were dropped\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pot calling the kettle black is not something we should do,\" Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so ran the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next steps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats control the majority in the committee and in the full House. They can control the text of the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said on Thursday that she is leaving it up to members about how to decide to vote when the time comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have no message,\" she said, alluding to the practice of encouraging members to vote a certain way via an officer in the legislature known as the \"whip.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not whipping this legislation nor do we ever whip something like this,\" Pelosi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Continued the speaker: \"People need to come to their own conclusions. They've seen the facts as presented in the Intelligence Committee. They have seen the Constitution as they know it they take an oath to protect and defend it ... They'll make their own decisions. I don't say anything to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minority Whip Steve Scalise, R-La., meanwhile, circulated a note to members on Thursday that featured a line in red with the key word emphasized in all-capital letters: \"Whip Scalise recommends a NO vote.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full House could vote sometime next week on impeachment. If the measure passes, it would launch the trial in the Senate, expected next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans control the Senate and they're expected to acquit Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has called the proceedings a \"witch hunt\" and \"failing.\" He dubbed it \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.inquirer.com/news/trump-2020-rally-hershey-pennsylvania-impeachment-20191210.html\">impeachment lite\u003c/a>\" and \"the lightest impeachment in the history of our country by far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ukraine affair\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">The two articles Democrats introduced\u003c/a> are for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The abuse of power charge centers on a pressure campaign carried out against Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple witnesses testified to an effort to get Ukraine to announce investigations into conspiracy theories about the 2016 campaign and into the Bidens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the pressure campaign mounted, the Trump administration froze nearly $400 million in military aid already allocated by Congress and promised a White House meeting for Ukraine's president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funds were eventually released; the White House meeting still has not taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obstruction of Congress charge owes to Trump's broad directive to block witnesses from testifying and documents from being released in connection with the Ukraine matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's hearing notably was in prime-time television viewing. Polling has barely budged any views. By a 45% to 44% margin, Americans were split on whether Trump should be impeached and removed, according to the latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/19/780540637/poll-americans-overwhelmingly-say-impeachment-hearings-wont-change-their-minds\">NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That split also was on full display Wednesday night \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/11/786861542/house-democrats-to-begin-amending-impeachment-articles-wednesday-evening\">when the markup began\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats were firm in their view that the president tried to \"cheat\" in the 2020 election by soliciting foreign interference in U.S. elections — and should be impeached and removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In pressuring Ukraine for a personal favor, President Trump both betrayed our national security and attempted to corrupt our elections,\" Nadler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans, on the other hand, were dug in on their view that this impeachment is simply about politics, that Democrats have sought to impeach Trump since he was elected and that Trump committed no specific criminal act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have been on this path since November 2016,\" Collins said. \"The only thing that's changed is your desire to impeach the president when you became the majority.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH+LIVE%3A+Judiciary+Committee+Debates+Articles+Of+Impeachment&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "betsy-devos-overruled-education-department-findings-on-defrauded-student-borrowers",
"title": "Betsy DeVos Overruled Education Department Findings on Defrauded Student Borrowers",
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"content": "\u003cp>Documents obtained by NPR shed new light on a bitter fight between defrauded student borrowers and U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These borrowers — more than 200,000 of them — say some for-profit colleges lied to them about their job prospects and the transferability of credits. They argue they were defrauded and that the Education Department should erase their federal student loan debt under \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/15/777262292/betsy-devos-and-the-high-stakes-standoff-over-student-loan-forgiveness\">a rule called “borrower defense.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos disagrees: She says most student borrowers still got value from these schools and deserve only \u003cem>partial\u003c/em> relief from their federal loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, internal Education Department memos obtained by NPR show that career staff in the department’s Borrower Defense Unit came down firmly on the side of defrauded borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memos show this unit reviewed thousands of borrower complaints against now-defunct, for-profit colleges, including Corinthian Colleges and ITT Technical Institute. Just weeks before DeVos was sworn in as secretary, the unit recommended to the department’s political leadership that these borrowers deserve no less than full relief from their student debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572882-1-9-2017-Memo\">One memo, dated Jan. 9, 2017\u003c/a>, begins: “Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (‘Corinthian’) consistently represented that all graduates obtained jobs after graduation or, relatedly, that its students were guaranteed employment after graduation. These representations were false and misleading. Accordingly, the Borrower Defense Unit recommends full relief for Corinthian borrower defense (BD) applicants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572883-1-10-2017-Memo\">Another memo, dated the next day\u003c/a> — Jan. 10, 2017 — arrived at the same conclusion for California-based students who allege they were lied to by ITT Technical Institute, and likewise recommended full relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Counternarrative to DeVos’ Position\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Until now, these internal department memos have been hidden from public view. Lawmakers had previously requested access to them, but DeVos and her department refused to hand them over. Instead, DeVos has criticized the Obama administration for lack of due diligence in processing borrower defense claims. In a Nov. 7 letter to Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., the chairman of the House education committee, DeVos wrote, “the clear intent of the prior Administration was to eventually provide blanket relief without review of the facts and evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Student borrower quoted in an Oct. 24, 2016 memo\"]‘After graduating I posted a resume online. I did not receive any responses until I removed [the school’s name] from my resume.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the memos provide a robust review of the evidence, as well as a thoroughly researched counternarrative to DeVos’ position. Instead of limiting students’ debt relief by arguing, as DeVos does, that defrauded borrowers still got some value from their educations, these memos arrive at a different conclusion: that credits earned from Corinthian and ITT schools are essentially worthless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hundreds of unprompted student statements confirm that lack of value of an ITT education, as ITT students time and again report that their education was sub-standard and that their degree or affiliation with the school was an impediment rather than an asset as they sought employment,” reads the Jan. 10, 2017, memo. It concludes: “Given this extensively well-documented, pervasive, and highly publicized misconduct, the Department has determined that the value of an ITT education — like Corinthian — is likely either negligible or non-existent. … Accordingly, it is appropriate for the Department to award eligible borrowers full relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memos also include quotes from individual borrowers. In the Jan, 9, 2017, memo, a Corinthian graduate complains, “I was told I would find a job in my field. … I ‘graduated’ and still can’t find a job that will honor my degree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Employers will not touch me,” says a borrower quoted in \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572884-10-24-2016-Memo\">a memo dated Oct. 24, 2016\u003c/a>. “After graduating I posted a resume online. I did not receive any responses until I removed [the school’s name] from my resume.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another borrower says, “People just laugh in my face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘With Extreme Displeasure’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The education secretary has the authority to override the recommendations of department staff, and DeVos has done just that. On Tuesday, the department unveiled a new plan to calculate how much defrauded students benefited from their educations and thus how much, if any, debt relief they deserve. Under this new model, most borrowers are unlikely to qualify for full relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the release, the department’s new plan will compare the median earnings of defrauded borrowers to the earnings of students who attended similar programs at other schools. “If the earnings from the school in question under the [borrower defense] application are lower than the median for that program at all comparable schools, then they will be determined to have suffered harm and will receive student loan relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11782808,news_11637321,news_10908778\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new plan, DeVos said Tuesday, “treats students fairly and ensures that taxpayers who did not go to college or who faithfully paid off their student loans do not shoulder student loan costs for those who didn’t suffer harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos has argued for years that the Obama administration’s full-relief interpretation of the borrower defense rule was too lenient. In a\u003ca href=\"https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2017/09/22/mackinac-devos-romney-mcdaniel/105897636/\"> 2017 speech\u003c/a>, she said, “While students should have protections from predatory practices, schools and taxpayers should also be treated fairly as well. Under the previous rules, all one had to do was raise his or her hands to be entitled to so-called free money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When DeVos had to sign off on thousands of borrower defense claims that had already been approved by the previous administration, she added three words below her signature: “with extreme displeasure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Education Department press secretary Angela Morabito tells NPR: ” \u003cem>‘\u003c/em>Full relief’ sounds nice, but it really means ‘full liability’ for taxpayers – and that’s not fair in cases where a borrower is not entitled to it. That’s why it’s imperative that we consider each Borrower Defense claim individually. To force taxpayers to provide blanket forgiveness would be abandoning our duty to be good stewards of tax dollars. The Department will provide student loan relief to those who qualify for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos’ new plan is the department’s second attempt at resolving the more than 200,000 outstanding borrower defense claims. The first attempt was blocked in May 2018 by Magistrate Judge Sallie Kim of the U.S. District Court in San Francisco. Kim said the department’s use of income data violated students’ privacy, and she ordered DeVos to stop collecting on the debts of certain Corinthian students. In October, Kim fined DeVos $100,000 for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/25/773334681/devos-held-in-contempt-of-court-ed-department-fined-100-000-in-student-loan-case\">contempt of court\u003c/a> after it was revealed the department had not stopped collections. The department apologized, calling the collections a mistake, and said it was quickly moving to issue refunds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear whether DeVos’ new use of earnings data will also run afoul of the law. News of the revised plan comes ahead of a much anticipated hearing scheduled for Thursday, when DeVos will testify before the U.S. House’s education committee about her handling of borrower defense complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Oct. 24, 2016 Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6573540-students1.html\" responsive=true height=800]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Jan. 9, 2017 Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6573547-students2.html\" responsive=true height=800]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Jan. 10, 2017 Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6573554-students3.html\" responsive=true height=800]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Documents obtained by NPR shed new light on a bitter fight between defrauded student borrowers and U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These borrowers — more than 200,000 of them — say some for-profit colleges lied to them about their job prospects and the transferability of credits. They argue they were defrauded and that the Education Department should erase their federal student loan debt under \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/15/777262292/betsy-devos-and-the-high-stakes-standoff-over-student-loan-forgiveness\">a rule called “borrower defense.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos disagrees: She says most student borrowers still got value from these schools and deserve only \u003cem>partial\u003c/em> relief from their federal loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, internal Education Department memos obtained by NPR show that career staff in the department’s Borrower Defense Unit came down firmly on the side of defrauded borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memos show this unit reviewed thousands of borrower complaints against now-defunct, for-profit colleges, including Corinthian Colleges and ITT Technical Institute. Just weeks before DeVos was sworn in as secretary, the unit recommended to the department’s political leadership that these borrowers deserve no less than full relief from their student debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572882-1-9-2017-Memo\">One memo, dated Jan. 9, 2017\u003c/a>, begins: “Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (‘Corinthian’) consistently represented that all graduates obtained jobs after graduation or, relatedly, that its students were guaranteed employment after graduation. These representations were false and misleading. Accordingly, the Borrower Defense Unit recommends full relief for Corinthian borrower defense (BD) applicants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572883-1-10-2017-Memo\">Another memo, dated the next day\u003c/a> — Jan. 10, 2017 — arrived at the same conclusion for California-based students who allege they were lied to by ITT Technical Institute, and likewise recommended full relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Counternarrative to DeVos’ Position\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Until now, these internal department memos have been hidden from public view. Lawmakers had previously requested access to them, but DeVos and her department refused to hand them over. Instead, DeVos has criticized the Obama administration for lack of due diligence in processing borrower defense claims. In a Nov. 7 letter to Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., the chairman of the House education committee, DeVos wrote, “the clear intent of the prior Administration was to eventually provide blanket relief without review of the facts and evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the memos provide a robust review of the evidence, as well as a thoroughly researched counternarrative to DeVos’ position. Instead of limiting students’ debt relief by arguing, as DeVos does, that defrauded borrowers still got some value from their educations, these memos arrive at a different conclusion: that credits earned from Corinthian and ITT schools are essentially worthless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hundreds of unprompted student statements confirm that lack of value of an ITT education, as ITT students time and again report that their education was sub-standard and that their degree or affiliation with the school was an impediment rather than an asset as they sought employment,” reads the Jan. 10, 2017, memo. It concludes: “Given this extensively well-documented, pervasive, and highly publicized misconduct, the Department has determined that the value of an ITT education — like Corinthian — is likely either negligible or non-existent. … Accordingly, it is appropriate for the Department to award eligible borrowers full relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memos also include quotes from individual borrowers. In the Jan, 9, 2017, memo, a Corinthian graduate complains, “I was told I would find a job in my field. … I ‘graduated’ and still can’t find a job that will honor my degree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Employers will not touch me,” says a borrower quoted in \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6572884-10-24-2016-Memo\">a memo dated Oct. 24, 2016\u003c/a>. “After graduating I posted a resume online. I did not receive any responses until I removed [the school’s name] from my resume.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another borrower says, “People just laugh in my face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘With Extreme Displeasure’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The education secretary has the authority to override the recommendations of department staff, and DeVos has done just that. On Tuesday, the department unveiled a new plan to calculate how much defrauded students benefited from their educations and thus how much, if any, debt relief they deserve. Under this new model, most borrowers are unlikely to qualify for full relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the release, the department’s new plan will compare the median earnings of defrauded borrowers to the earnings of students who attended similar programs at other schools. “If the earnings from the school in question under the [borrower defense] application are lower than the median for that program at all comparable schools, then they will be determined to have suffered harm and will receive student loan relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new plan, DeVos said Tuesday, “treats students fairly and ensures that taxpayers who did not go to college or who faithfully paid off their student loans do not shoulder student loan costs for those who didn’t suffer harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos has argued for years that the Obama administration’s full-relief interpretation of the borrower defense rule was too lenient. In a\u003ca href=\"https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2017/09/22/mackinac-devos-romney-mcdaniel/105897636/\"> 2017 speech\u003c/a>, she said, “While students should have protections from predatory practices, schools and taxpayers should also be treated fairly as well. Under the previous rules, all one had to do was raise his or her hands to be entitled to so-called free money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When DeVos had to sign off on thousands of borrower defense claims that had already been approved by the previous administration, she added three words below her signature: “with extreme displeasure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Education Department press secretary Angela Morabito tells NPR: ” \u003cem>‘\u003c/em>Full relief’ sounds nice, but it really means ‘full liability’ for taxpayers – and that’s not fair in cases where a borrower is not entitled to it. That’s why it’s imperative that we consider each Borrower Defense claim individually. To force taxpayers to provide blanket forgiveness would be abandoning our duty to be good stewards of tax dollars. The Department will provide student loan relief to those who qualify for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos’ new plan is the department’s second attempt at resolving the more than 200,000 outstanding borrower defense claims. The first attempt was blocked in May 2018 by Magistrate Judge Sallie Kim of the U.S. District Court in San Francisco. Kim said the department’s use of income data violated students’ privacy, and she ordered DeVos to stop collecting on the debts of certain Corinthian students. In October, Kim fined DeVos $100,000 for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/25/773334681/devos-held-in-contempt-of-court-ed-department-fined-100-000-in-student-loan-case\">contempt of court\u003c/a> after it was revealed the department had not stopped collections. The department apologized, calling the collections a mistake, and said it was quickly moving to issue refunds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear whether DeVos’ new use of earnings data will also run afoul of the law. News of the revised plan comes ahead of a much anticipated hearing scheduled for Thursday, when DeVos will testify before the U.S. House’s education committee about her handling of borrower defense complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Oct. 24, 2016 Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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