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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Dr. Monica Gandhi: COVID-19 Update\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Should kids go trick-or-treating this Halloween? And should children aged 5 to 11 be required to get the COVID-19 vaccine, now that it’s been approved for that age group? UCSF Dr. Monica Gandhi weighs in on the latest public health guidance — and why she’s received death threats from publicly posting her views on social media.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guest:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Monica Gandhi, UCSF infectious disease\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This Week in California Politics\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s been a week for accountability hearings. In Sacramento, the state’s unemployment agency, the Employment Development Department, faced questions over how poorly they handled the flood of unemployment claims triggered by the pandemic. And on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., California lawmakers led a Congressional hearing to investigate the role of oil companies in spreading disinformation about climate change. We also chat through the latest in local politics, including San Francisco’s proposal to create a sick leave program for domestic workers like nannies and housecleaners.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guy Marzorati, KQED politics and government reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seema Mehta, Los Angeles Times political writer\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: Pronzini Pumpkin Patch\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For this week’s look at Something Beautiful, we indulge in fall festivities at Pronzini’s Pumpkin Patch in Petaluma.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two scientists based in California won the Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for their discoveries into how the human body perceives temperature and touch, revelations that could lead to new ways of treating pain or even heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Thomas Perlmann, secretary-general of the Nobel Committee\"]‘This really unlocks one of the secrets of nature … It’s actually something that is crucial for our survival.’[/pullquote]One of the researchers is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2021/09/421481/david-julius-wins-nobel-prize-work-pain-sensation\">David Julius, a biochemist and molecular biologist at UCSF\u003c/a>. A few hundred miles south, Ardem Patapoutian at Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla also separately identified receptors in the skin that respond to heat and pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hope the discoveries could eventually lead to pain treatments that reduce dependence on highly addictive opioids. But the breakthroughs, which happened decades ago, have not yet yielded many effective new therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julius used capsaicin, the active component in chili peppers, to help pinpoint the nerve sensors that respond to heat, the Nobel Committee said. Patapoutian found pressure-sensitive sensors in cells that respond to mechanical stimulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This really unlocks one of the secrets of nature,” said Thomas Perlmann, secretary-general of the committee, in announcing the winners. “It’s actually something that is crucial for our survival, so it’s a very important and profound discovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with a long tradition of difficulties in alerting Nobel winners, Julius, 65, said he was awakened by what he thought was a prank phone call shortly before the prize was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My phone sort of bleeped, and it was from a relative who had been contacted by somebody on the Nobel Committee trying to find my phone number,” he said from his home in San Francisco, where it was the middle of the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only when his wife heard Perlmann’s voice — his wife worked with Perlmann years ago, Julius said — and confirmed it was indeed the secretary-general of the committee who was calling, that he realized it wasn’t a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julius later said he hoped his work would lead to the development of new pain drugs, explaining that the biology behind even everyday activities can have enormous significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We eat chili peppers and menthol, but oftentimes, you don’t think about how that works,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Committee said their discoveries get at “one of the great mysteries facing humanity”: how we sense our environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choice of winners underscored how little scientists knew about that question before the discoveries — and how much there still is to learn, said Oscar Marin, director of the MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders at King’s College London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we understood the physiology of the senses, what we didn’t understand was how we sensed differences in temperature or pressure,” Marin said. “Knowing how our body senses these changes is fundamental because once we know those molecules, they can be targeted. It’s like finding a lock, and now we know the precise keys that will be necessary to unlock it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin predicted that new treatments for pain would likely come first, but that understanding how the body detects changes in pressure could eventually lead to drugs for heart disease, if scientists can figure out how to alleviate pressure on blood vessels and other organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Harris, of the Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center at the University of Michigan, also said the new laureates’ work might help design new pain medications, but noted the field has long been stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that because pain also includes a psychological component, simply identifying how it is triggered in the body isn’t necessarily enough to address it. Still, he said Julius’s and Patapoutian’s work likely would help doctors better treat pain that is caused by things like extreme temperatures and chemical burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their discoveries are giving us the first inkling of how this type of pain starts, but whether it’s involved in many chronic pain patients remains to be seen,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Fiona Boissonade, a pain specialist at the University of Sheffield in the U.K., said the Nobel laureates’ work was especially relevant for the one in five people globally who suffer from chronic pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such pain — including from arthritis, migraines and chronic back problems — “is a huge medical problem, and it’s quite poorly treated across the board,” she said. “Their research may lead us to identify new compounds that are effective in treating pain that don’t come with the devastating impact of opioids,” which have spawned a crisis of addiction in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='science']The Nobel Committee tweeted a photo of Patapoutian in bed with his son while he watched the announcement on his computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A day to be thankful: this country gave me a chance with a great education and support for basic research. And for my labbies and collaborators for partnering with me,” Patapoutian, who was born in Lebanon, tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prestigious award comes with a gold medal and 10 million Swedish kronor (over $1.14 million). The prize money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize is the first to be awarded this year. The other prizes are for outstanding work in the fields of physics, chemistry, literature, peace and economics.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One of the researchers is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2021/09/421481/david-julius-wins-nobel-prize-work-pain-sensation\">David Julius, a biochemist and molecular biologist at UCSF\u003c/a>. A few hundred miles south, Ardem Patapoutian at Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla also separately identified receptors in the skin that respond to heat and pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hope the discoveries could eventually lead to pain treatments that reduce dependence on highly addictive opioids. But the breakthroughs, which happened decades ago, have not yet yielded many effective new therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julius used capsaicin, the active component in chili peppers, to help pinpoint the nerve sensors that respond to heat, the Nobel Committee said. Patapoutian found pressure-sensitive sensors in cells that respond to mechanical stimulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This really unlocks one of the secrets of nature,” said Thomas Perlmann, secretary-general of the committee, in announcing the winners. “It’s actually something that is crucial for our survival, so it’s a very important and profound discovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with a long tradition of difficulties in alerting Nobel winners, Julius, 65, said he was awakened by what he thought was a prank phone call shortly before the prize was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My phone sort of bleeped, and it was from a relative who had been contacted by somebody on the Nobel Committee trying to find my phone number,” he said from his home in San Francisco, where it was the middle of the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only when his wife heard Perlmann’s voice — his wife worked with Perlmann years ago, Julius said — and confirmed it was indeed the secretary-general of the committee who was calling, that he realized it wasn’t a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julius later said he hoped his work would lead to the development of new pain drugs, explaining that the biology behind even everyday activities can have enormous significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We eat chili peppers and menthol, but oftentimes, you don’t think about how that works,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Committee said their discoveries get at “one of the great mysteries facing humanity”: how we sense our environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choice of winners underscored how little scientists knew about that question before the discoveries — and how much there still is to learn, said Oscar Marin, director of the MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders at King’s College London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we understood the physiology of the senses, what we didn’t understand was how we sensed differences in temperature or pressure,” Marin said. “Knowing how our body senses these changes is fundamental because once we know those molecules, they can be targeted. It’s like finding a lock, and now we know the precise keys that will be necessary to unlock it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin predicted that new treatments for pain would likely come first, but that understanding how the body detects changes in pressure could eventually lead to drugs for heart disease, if scientists can figure out how to alleviate pressure on blood vessels and other organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Harris, of the Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center at the University of Michigan, also said the new laureates’ work might help design new pain medications, but noted the field has long been stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that because pain also includes a psychological component, simply identifying how it is triggered in the body isn’t necessarily enough to address it. Still, he said Julius’s and Patapoutian’s work likely would help doctors better treat pain that is caused by things like extreme temperatures and chemical burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their discoveries are giving us the first inkling of how this type of pain starts, but whether it’s involved in many chronic pain patients remains to be seen,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Fiona Boissonade, a pain specialist at the University of Sheffield in the U.K., said the Nobel laureates’ work was especially relevant for the one in five people globally who suffer from chronic pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such pain — including from arthritis, migraines and chronic back problems — “is a huge medical problem, and it’s quite poorly treated across the board,” she said. “Their research may lead us to identify new compounds that are effective in treating pain that don’t come with the devastating impact of opioids,” which have spawned a crisis of addiction in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "a-research-model-predicts-a-steady-decline-in-covid-19-cases-nationwide-but-local-experts-advise-caution",
"title": "A Research Model Predicts a Steady Decline in COVID-19 Cases Nationwide, but Local Experts Advise Caution",
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"headTitle": "A Research Model Predicts a Steady Decline in COVID-19 Cases Nationwide, but Local Experts Advise Caution | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The latest analysis from the \u003ca href=\"https://covid19scenariomodelinghub.org/index.html\">COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub\u003c/a>, a consortium of researchers advising the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suggests that cases and deaths nationwide likely will decline steadily now through the spring without a significant winter surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modelers developed four potential scenarios, taking into account whether or not childhood vaccinations take off and whether a more infectious new variant should emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hub researchers shared with NPR that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/09/22/1039272244/is-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\">the most likely scenario is that children under 12 get vaccinated and no new super-spreading variant emerges\u003c/a>. In that case, the combo model forecasts that new infections would slowly, but fairly continuously, drop from about 140,000 a day now to about 9,000 a day by March 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-delta-model-20210722/cases.html?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-delta-model-20210722-cases&parentTitle=Modelers%20Project%20A%20Calming%20Of%20The%20Pandemic%20In%20The%20U.S.%20This%20Winter%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2F1039272244%2Fis-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths from COVID-19 would fall from about 1,500 a day now to fewer than 100 a day by March 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s around the level U.S. cases and deaths were in late March 2020 when the pandemic just started to flare up in the U.S. That scenario is also better compared to this summer when many thought the pandemic was waning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this may provide relief to some, researchers from the modeling hub and public health experts in the Bay Area present a clear caveat: The model makes several assumptions, and multiple existing variables could throw it all off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any of us who have been following this closely, given what happened with delta, are going to be really cautious about too much optimism,” said Justin Lessler, researcher with the University of North Carolina, who helps run the hub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lessler is especially worried about Pennsylvania, for example, and he notes that in some Western states like Idaho and Utah, there’s a risk of resurgence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-delta-model-20210722/deaths.html?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-delta-model-20210722-deaths&parentTitle=Modelers%20Project%20A%20Calming%20Of%20The%20Pandemic%20In%20The%20U.S.%20This%20Winter%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2F1039272244%2Fis-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even California could lose the hard-fought progress it’s made against the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen at many moments during the pandemic is that California, as a state, is doing better than the country as a whole,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/joshua-salomon\">Dr. Joshua Salomon\u003c/a>, professor of health policy at Stanford, adding that the Bay Area is doing better than the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the CDC, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889417/which-state-has-the-lowest-virus-transmission-rate-in-the-country-california\">California is reporting 94 cases per 100,000 residents \u003c/a>and fits into what the public health agency considers “substantial” coronavirus transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11889417\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306754904-1020x695.jpg\"]Compare that to other large states, like Texas and Florida, that are looking at figures twice, and in some cases three times, as big as California’s. Florida counts approximately 296 cases per 100,000 residents while Texas registers 386 per 100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High vaccination rates and strict public health restrictions are what’s behind these numbers, Salomon says: “In the Bay Area counties, there’s been a little more aggressive policies to try to contain transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salomon is cautious. What this model forecasts — after all — is only a prediction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at how well these long-term predictions have done in the past, there have been some pretty spectacular misses,” he said, adding that the model largely depends on whether enough children get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sept. 21, no pharmaceutical company has received approval from the federal government to distribute its COVID-19 vaccine to kids under 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/kirsten.bibbins-domingo\">Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo\u003c/a>, professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at UCSF, takes the model’s predictions positively but added that this is not the moment to let one’s guard down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anyone is thinking that the virus magically disappears,” she said. “Don’t look at this model and think, ‘I don’t need to be vaccinated or there will never be a need for masks again.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lists off three unknowns that could complicate the model: the arrival of winter and the potential surge that colder weather entails, the rise of another highly contagious variant like delta and the disparity of vaccination rates across California and the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wintertime is still a little bit of a danger zone because we tend to go inside during the winter months and the virus seems to like the weather of the cooler months,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite seeing new case numbers drop during the fall of last year, infections spiked across the country once winter arrived. On Jan. 9 of this year, \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#county-statewide\">California reported 28,514 new infections — the highest number of cases in a single day for the state\u003c/a>. Three days later, on Jan. 12, the state reached its highest number of deaths in a single day: 702.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='coronavirus']California has come a long way since then. It now ranks as one of the states with the highest vaccination rates in the country: \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">Approximately 69.5% of residents have received both doses.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new variant could appear among the unvaccinated population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as the virus is circulating, new variants pop up,” Bibbins-Domingo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is why, she adds, it’s so important public health officials keep prioritizing vaccinations, especially among the areas in California with the lowest vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that in California there is a lot of variation across the state,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our coastal areas, particularly the big cities like San Francisco, have high vaccination rates and have weathered the delta surge fairly well, but the middle of the state, like the San Joaquin Valley, still have a lot of people at the hospital right now and they have lower vaccination rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County, in the heart of the San Joaquin Valley, is currently reporting \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#location-kern\">a seven-day average of 34.1 new coronavirus cases per 100,000\u003c/a>, three times \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#location-san_francisco\">what San Francisco reported\u003c/a> in the same period — 10.8 cases per 100,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, UCSF\"]‘What this means is that vulnerable communities … will still be vulnerable as long as this virus continues to exist in our midst.’[/pullquote]Kern also lags behind urban areas on vaccinations. More than three-quarters of eligible residents in the most populated Bay Area counties — San Francisco, Santa Clara and Alameda — are fully vaccinated. In Kern County, that number remains below 50%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t view that model as saying, ‘The pandemic is over,'” Bibbins-Domingo explains. From her point of view, the vaccination gap between the big cities and rural communities may represent a bigger issue of health inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this means is that vulnerable communities, whether that is low-income communities … or communities in the northern part of the state or in the eastern part of the state … will still be vulnerable as long as this virus continues to exist in our midst,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and NPR’s Rob Stein and Carmel Wroth.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest analysis from the \u003ca href=\"https://covid19scenariomodelinghub.org/index.html\">COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub\u003c/a>, a consortium of researchers advising the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suggests that cases and deaths nationwide likely will decline steadily now through the spring without a significant winter surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modelers developed four potential scenarios, taking into account whether or not childhood vaccinations take off and whether a more infectious new variant should emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hub researchers shared with NPR that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/09/22/1039272244/is-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\">the most likely scenario is that children under 12 get vaccinated and no new super-spreading variant emerges\u003c/a>. In that case, the combo model forecasts that new infections would slowly, but fairly continuously, drop from about 140,000 a day now to about 9,000 a day by March 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-delta-model-20210722/cases.html?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-delta-model-20210722-cases&parentTitle=Modelers%20Project%20A%20Calming%20Of%20The%20Pandemic%20In%20The%20U.S.%20This%20Winter%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2F1039272244%2Fis-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths from COVID-19 would fall from about 1,500 a day now to fewer than 100 a day by March 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s around the level U.S. cases and deaths were in late March 2020 when the pandemic just started to flare up in the U.S. That scenario is also better compared to this summer when many thought the pandemic was waning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this may provide relief to some, researchers from the modeling hub and public health experts in the Bay Area present a clear caveat: The model makes several assumptions, and multiple existing variables could throw it all off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any of us who have been following this closely, given what happened with delta, are going to be really cautious about too much optimism,” said Justin Lessler, researcher with the University of North Carolina, who helps run the hub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lessler is especially worried about Pennsylvania, for example, and he notes that in some Western states like Idaho and Utah, there’s a risk of resurgence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-delta-model-20210722/deaths.html?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-delta-model-20210722-deaths&parentTitle=Modelers%20Project%20A%20Calming%20Of%20The%20Pandemic%20In%20The%20U.S.%20This%20Winter%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2F1039272244%2Fis-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even California could lose the hard-fought progress it’s made against the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen at many moments during the pandemic is that California, as a state, is doing better than the country as a whole,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/joshua-salomon\">Dr. Joshua Salomon\u003c/a>, professor of health policy at Stanford, adding that the Bay Area is doing better than the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the CDC, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889417/which-state-has-the-lowest-virus-transmission-rate-in-the-country-california\">California is reporting 94 cases per 100,000 residents \u003c/a>and fits into what the public health agency considers “substantial” coronavirus transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Compare that to other large states, like Texas and Florida, that are looking at figures twice, and in some cases three times, as big as California’s. Florida counts approximately 296 cases per 100,000 residents while Texas registers 386 per 100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High vaccination rates and strict public health restrictions are what’s behind these numbers, Salomon says: “In the Bay Area counties, there’s been a little more aggressive policies to try to contain transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salomon is cautious. What this model forecasts — after all — is only a prediction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at how well these long-term predictions have done in the past, there have been some pretty spectacular misses,” he said, adding that the model largely depends on whether enough children get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sept. 21, no pharmaceutical company has received approval from the federal government to distribute its COVID-19 vaccine to kids under 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/kirsten.bibbins-domingo\">Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo\u003c/a>, professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at UCSF, takes the model’s predictions positively but added that this is not the moment to let one’s guard down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anyone is thinking that the virus magically disappears,” she said. “Don’t look at this model and think, ‘I don’t need to be vaccinated or there will never be a need for masks again.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lists off three unknowns that could complicate the model: the arrival of winter and the potential surge that colder weather entails, the rise of another highly contagious variant like delta and the disparity of vaccination rates across California and the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wintertime is still a little bit of a danger zone because we tend to go inside during the winter months and the virus seems to like the weather of the cooler months,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite seeing new case numbers drop during the fall of last year, infections spiked across the country once winter arrived. On Jan. 9 of this year, \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#county-statewide\">California reported 28,514 new infections — the highest number of cases in a single day for the state\u003c/a>. Three days later, on Jan. 12, the state reached its highest number of deaths in a single day: 702.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>California has come a long way since then. It now ranks as one of the states with the highest vaccination rates in the country: \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">Approximately 69.5% of residents have received both doses.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new variant could appear among the unvaccinated population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as the virus is circulating, new variants pop up,” Bibbins-Domingo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is why, she adds, it’s so important public health officials keep prioritizing vaccinations, especially among the areas in California with the lowest vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that in California there is a lot of variation across the state,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our coastal areas, particularly the big cities like San Francisco, have high vaccination rates and have weathered the delta surge fairly well, but the middle of the state, like the San Joaquin Valley, still have a lot of people at the hospital right now and they have lower vaccination rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County, in the heart of the San Joaquin Valley, is currently reporting \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#location-kern\">a seven-day average of 34.1 new coronavirus cases per 100,000\u003c/a>, three times \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#location-san_francisco\">what San Francisco reported\u003c/a> in the same period — 10.8 cases per 100,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kern also lags behind urban areas on vaccinations. More than three-quarters of eligible residents in the most populated Bay Area counties — San Francisco, Santa Clara and Alameda — are fully vaccinated. In Kern County, that number remains below 50%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t view that model as saying, ‘The pandemic is over,'” Bibbins-Domingo explains. From her point of view, the vaccination gap between the big cities and rural communities may represent a bigger issue of health inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this means is that vulnerable communities, whether that is low-income communities … or communities in the northern part of the state or in the eastern part of the state … will still be vulnerable as long as this virus continues to exist in our midst,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and NPR’s Rob Stein and Carmel Wroth.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/employees_072321_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11882296\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/employees_072321_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon that looks like a workplace sign. The sign reads, \"Notice: all employees must get a lifesaving vaccine before returning to work!\" There is a smiling figure getting a shot on the sign as well.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1387\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/employees_072321_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/employees_072321_final-800x578.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/employees_072321_final-1020x737.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/employees_072321_final-160x116.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/employees_072321_final-1536x1110.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials in three Bay Area counties are urging businesses to \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreemployeevaccines\">require their employees be vaccinated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the delta variant spreading, the city and county of San Francisco and UCSF informed all their workers that COVID-19 vaccines are mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though some labor unions and advocacy groups have chafed at the vaccine requirement, it makes sense to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, isn’t the idea to make the workplace (and society at large) as safe as possible?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Public health officials in Contra Costa, Santa Clara and San Francisco counties are now recommending that businesses require their employees to get vaccinated. The guidance comes as the delta variant continues to spread across the Bay Area, sparking stark increases in case numbers and hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we really want to do is empower businesses and say that public health is fully behind these types of requirements,” said Dr. Naveena Bobba, the deputy health director for San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations announced by health officials on Thursday fell short of making vaccines a work requirement, but health officials strongly urged businesses to push their employees to get the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know COVID isn’t going away,” said Dr. Chris Farnitano, Contra Costa County’s health officer. “The choice now is to get vaccinated or get COVID.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two major employers in San Francisco have already issued vaccine requirements: the city and county as well as the University of California, San Francisco. City workers who refused vaccination could lose their jobs. Labor unions and advocacy groups criticized the city for not discussing the mandate with them prior. Some argued \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/Advocates-for-Black-employees-call-S-F-vaccine-16272432.php&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1626998012700000&usg=AOvVaw3DHIOvJt_OFHSfRpR7UeWh\">the requirement would have an outsized impact on Black workers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa and San Francisco counties previously issued health orders specific to high-risk workplaces like nursing homes, jails, residential care facilities and homeless shelters. Those orders require that workers either show proof of vaccination or wear more protective face coverings like surgical masks, and get weekly COVID tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a tool that we’re encouraging all employers to consider,” Farnitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. Chris Farnitano, Contra Costa County health officer\"]‘This is a tool that we’re encouraging all employers to consider.’[/pullquote]Santa Clara County has not issued any vaccination requirements specific to high-risk environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are monitoring those high-risk settings closely to see what their disease rates are and their vaccination rates are,” said Dr. George Han, deputy health officer of Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Han also specified that people who work in public-facing businesses should continue to wear masks whether vaccinated or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re interacting with members of the public who may or may not be vaccinated,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walnut Creek Chamber of Commerce President and CEO Bob Linscheid said the business community supported employers requiring their employees to get vaccinated and argued it’s crucial to businesses remaining open and keeping both workers and customers safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"coronavirus-vaccine\"]“We’ve been very involved in business reopening here in Walnut Creek and this entire region,” Linscheid said. “The only thing that’s really impacted us negatively is the unvaccinated, so it’s incumbent upon us, if we’re going to be healthy and stay open, to get vaccinated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other business groups have said they support the new guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re doing their job and as a business community we appreciate that,” said Christian D. Malesic, President and CEO of the Silicon Valley Central Chamber of Commerce, referring to the health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s encouragement from the three counties came less than a week after health officers in eight of the nine Bay Area counties encouraged their residents, regardless of their vaccination status, to resume wearing a mask in indoor shared spaces like grocery and retail stores and movie theaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only Bay Area county that has yet to formally encourage residents to resume masking indoors is Solano County, which neighbors Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Scott Morrow, health officer of San Mateo County, said in a written statement that the county feels strongly that businesses “are in the best position to determine how to encourage vaccination among their employees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new recommendations from Contra Costa, Santa Clara and San Francisco strongly urge employers to implement vaccination requirements, businesses will not face penalties if they don’t require their workers to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Bob Linscheid, Walnut Creek Chamber of Commerce\"]‘The only thing that’s really impacted us negatively is the unvaccinated, so it’s incumbent upon us, if we’re going to be healthy and stay open, to get vaccinated.’[/pullquote]Health officers said that if case rates and hospitalizations continue to increase, a mandate isn’t off the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not ruling out further requirements,” said Farnitano of Contra Costa County. “But we’re really hoping that some of these strong recommendations will be effective in once more flattening that curve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Department of Fair Employment and Housing both determined that employers can require vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is really in the businesses’ interest and showing our business community that we support them,” said Bobba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Matt Willis, Marin County’s public health officer, said the county already has a high vaccination rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With 93 percent of our eligible residents vaccinated with at least one dose — the highest in the state — we’re confident in our approach thus far,” Willis said. “Our employers know they’re allowed to require vaccination, and we support any who take this step.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay City News contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Public health officials in Contra Costa, Santa Clara and San Francisco counties are now recommending that businesses require their employees to get vaccinated. The guidance comes as the delta variant continues to spread across the Bay Area, sparking stark increases in case numbers and hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we really want to do is empower businesses and say that public health is fully behind these types of requirements,” said Dr. Naveena Bobba, the deputy health director for San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations announced by health officials on Thursday fell short of making vaccines a work requirement, but health officials strongly urged businesses to push their employees to get the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know COVID isn’t going away,” said Dr. Chris Farnitano, Contra Costa County’s health officer. “The choice now is to get vaccinated or get COVID.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’ve been very involved in business reopening here in Walnut Creek and this entire region,” Linscheid said. “The only thing that’s really impacted us negatively is the unvaccinated, so it’s incumbent upon us, if we’re going to be healthy and stay open, to get vaccinated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other business groups have said they support the new guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re doing their job and as a business community we appreciate that,” said Christian D. Malesic, President and CEO of the Silicon Valley Central Chamber of Commerce, referring to the health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s encouragement from the three counties came less than a week after health officers in eight of the nine Bay Area counties encouraged their residents, regardless of their vaccination status, to resume wearing a mask in indoor shared spaces like grocery and retail stores and movie theaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only Bay Area county that has yet to formally encourage residents to resume masking indoors is Solano County, which neighbors Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Scott Morrow, health officer of San Mateo County, said in a written statement that the county feels strongly that businesses “are in the best position to determine how to encourage vaccination among their employees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new recommendations from Contra Costa, Santa Clara and San Francisco strongly urge employers to implement vaccination requirements, businesses will not face penalties if they don’t require their workers to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Health officers said that if case rates and hospitalizations continue to increase, a mandate isn’t off the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not ruling out further requirements,” said Farnitano of Contra Costa County. “But we’re really hoping that some of these strong recommendations will be effective in once more flattening that curve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Department of Fair Employment and Housing both determined that employers can require vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is really in the businesses’ interest and showing our business community that we support them,” said Bobba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Matt Willis, Marin County’s public health officer, said the county already has a high vaccination rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With 93 percent of our eligible residents vaccinated with at least one dose — the highest in the state — we’re confident in our approach thus far,” Willis said. “Our employers know they’re allowed to require vaccination, and we support any who take this step.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay City News contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Mental health professionals say the toll of the pandemic on children and teenagers means schools will need extra resources to prepare for an influx of children in crisis as they reopen for in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reopening schools isn’t the answer,” to addressing the needs of kids experiencing mental health problems during the pandemic, said Marisol Cruz Romero, a psychologist at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, where the number of suicide attempts coming into the emergency department doubled last fall compared to the previous year. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Marisol Cruz Romero, psychologist at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland\"]‘The stressors of the pandemic don’t go away when schools reopen. Schools need to be ready for dysregulation, depression, kids who can’t focus.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stressors of the pandemic don’t go away when schools reopen. Schools need to be ready for dysregulation, depression, kids who can’t focus,” Romero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools need to prepare and train their teachers and staff to recognize that some kids will need more help as they return to the routines of schooling, because distance learning was taxing and many families have suffered great losses from the virus, Romero said. She argues that schools should provide these mental health resources, but for children who are already in crisis, more targeted counseling services and psychiatric beds are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospital beds, mental health programs, psychiatric beds and therapy services for young people were hard to find even before the pandemic, Romero said. Now the influx of children in crisis to hospital emergency rooms has put more pressure on a system that was already stretched thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero described a 6-year-old boy who recently spent hours in the emergency room while waiting for a placement in a psychiatric hospital. The waitlist was long and his family became homeless due to the pandemic. The hospital reminded him of the recent death of a family member. Waiting in a small hospital room with loud noises and people coming and going was triggering to the boy and also a challenge for providers, creating “a lot of additional stressors in providers and not knowing really how to access these resources or what to do to improve the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some children in crisis have to wait two months to see a psychiatrist, Romero said. Telehealth is an option but it doesn’t work for many children. Kids are experiencing loss, grief and economic uncertainty as they watch their family members get sick, lose work and even die. Because of social distancing, it’s also harder for children and their caregivers to take breaks by going to a relative’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of kids fall into the gap between needing a couple weeks of inpatient care at a psychiatric hospital or just a weekly therapist visit,” or partial hospitalization or behavioral therapy, Romero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the programs designed to fill that gap are built around in-person or group therapy, like the hospital’s 30-day after-school program for children recently released from the hospital after experiencing mental health crises. But Romero says those programs are now carried out primarily online, which can be less effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The program is still going on, but it’s not as successful via telehealth,” Romero said. “Some kids do well with telehealth, others don’t — just like at school, just like adults at work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero said there is also a need for more psychiatric beds. “I wish we could focus on prevention. But the reality is kids are in crisis and we don’t have enough beds,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With these added stressors, Children’s Hospital emergency room staff have instituted universal screening, to make sure they ask directly about self-harm and suicidal thoughts. That’s something a teacher in an in-person classroom might help identify, but with kids taking online classes, those interactions are happening less frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the primary care providers have expressed concerns and sometimes hesitation around asking about suicide directly because it might put [self-harm] in their head or because it’s a really hard conversation. I want to advocate that it is important to ask. The research does show that it does not increase the risk of suicide. It actually reduces it,” she said. [aside tag=\"education, mental health\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero and her colleagues are bracing themselves for an increase in referrals, which have been delayed because of distance learning. She’s encouraged to see many large school districts finally rolling out plans for children to return to in-person instruction, but there’s already a backlog of children waiting for appointments and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools are in the best position to help the most children, and screen those who need more intensive support. School-based mental health resources can provide “a safe space for kids to address their emotional challenges,” Romero said. Plus, they target some barriers to care, like lack of transportation or insurance. “If kids have trauma or abuse at home, they only say something if someone asks. There’s a space for that at school and with teachers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, if young people are feeling sadness or overwhelmed, Romero encourages caretakers to find ways to help them stay connected and communicate. “The most important thing to keep note is that communication is key for our youth and providing them a safe space to express their emotions,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To get help for a child or teenager in crisis, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-8255.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero described a 6-year-old boy who recently spent hours in the emergency room while waiting for a placement in a psychiatric hospital. The waitlist was long and his family became homeless due to the pandemic. The hospital reminded him of the recent death of a family member. Waiting in a small hospital room with loud noises and people coming and going was triggering to the boy and also a challenge for providers, creating “a lot of additional stressors in providers and not knowing really how to access these resources or what to do to improve the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some children in crisis have to wait two months to see a psychiatrist, Romero said. Telehealth is an option but it doesn’t work for many children. Kids are experiencing loss, grief and economic uncertainty as they watch their family members get sick, lose work and even die. Because of social distancing, it’s also harder for children and their caregivers to take breaks by going to a relative’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of kids fall into the gap between needing a couple weeks of inpatient care at a psychiatric hospital or just a weekly therapist visit,” or partial hospitalization or behavioral therapy, Romero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the programs designed to fill that gap are built around in-person or group therapy, like the hospital’s 30-day after-school program for children recently released from the hospital after experiencing mental health crises. But Romero says those programs are now carried out primarily online, which can be less effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The program is still going on, but it’s not as successful via telehealth,” Romero said. “Some kids do well with telehealth, others don’t — just like at school, just like adults at work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero said there is also a need for more psychiatric beds. “I wish we could focus on prevention. But the reality is kids are in crisis and we don’t have enough beds,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With these added stressors, Children’s Hospital emergency room staff have instituted universal screening, to make sure they ask directly about self-harm and suicidal thoughts. That’s something a teacher in an in-person classroom might help identify, but with kids taking online classes, those interactions are happening less frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the primary care providers have expressed concerns and sometimes hesitation around asking about suicide directly because it might put [self-harm] in their head or because it’s a really hard conversation. I want to advocate that it is important to ask. The research does show that it does not increase the risk of suicide. It actually reduces it,” she said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero and her colleagues are bracing themselves for an increase in referrals, which have been delayed because of distance learning. She’s encouraged to see many large school districts finally rolling out plans for children to return to in-person instruction, but there’s already a backlog of children waiting for appointments and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools are in the best position to help the most children, and screen those who need more intensive support. School-based mental health resources can provide “a safe space for kids to address their emotional challenges,” Romero said. Plus, they target some barriers to care, like lack of transportation or insurance. “If kids have trauma or abuse at home, they only say something if someone asks. There’s a space for that at school and with teachers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, if young people are feeling sadness or overwhelmed, Romero encourages caretakers to find ways to help them stay connected and communicate. “The most important thing to keep note is that communication is key for our youth and providing them a safe space to express their emotions,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To get help for a child or teenager in crisis, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-8255.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s been almost a year since he had COVID-19, and Bruce Wheeler is still struggling with lingering symptoms, like the headaches that come not just once in a while, but every day for the last seven months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would just feel like there's a knife in my temple, just burning,” he says. “I can get up at eight o'clock in the morning and by 9:30 or 10:00 a.m. I'm back in bed because my head is pounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler also tires easily. The 74-year-old used to hike in the Alps, but now he can barely make it up the stairs in his house without huffing and puffing. But the thing that really bothers him is what people are calling “brain fog.” He gets disoriented, he can’t focus and he forgets things — and it's not just once in a while. It happens multiple times every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Joanna Hellmuth, UCSF cognitive neurologist\"]'We have a lot of limited ways that our society thinks about thinking and memory changes. It’s either dementia or it's nothing. There's really no in between in these more subtle cognitive disorders that really aren't recognized as much in the medical field.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'll go into the kitchen wanting to get something out of the refrigerator and I open a cabinet,” Wheeler says. “I forget what I'm there for and I’ve gone to the wrong place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll watch a movie with his wife and the next morning, he can’t remember what he saw. Even in the moment he’s staring at Russell Crowe on screen, he can’t remember his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then there's another Australian actress that's in every movie? Do you know the most popular Australian actress?” Wheeler asks me during an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nicole Kidman,\" I say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nicole Kidman,” Wheeler confirms. “Whenever I see them or think of them, I just have a gap. Sometimes it’s very obvious things, sometimes it's somebody who's very important in my life, I just can't remember their name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11858777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11858777\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Bruce-Wheeler-photo-Dartmoor-England-e1612493876434.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1536\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bruce Wheeler hikes in England in 2017. Since he got COVID-19 in March 2020, he's had a hard time walking long distances or up hills — but what really bothers him is what people are calling 'brain fog.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy Dale Wheeler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These kinds of persistent cognitive problems have so far been documented mainly among older people who had to be hospitalized for severe cases of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wheeler was never in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13365-021-00954-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A new study\u003c/a> from UCSF researchers suggests brain fog may be more common among patients like Wheeler who had milder cases of COVID-19 and rode their illness out at home. Out of 100 patients tracked, 20 experienced cognitive issues and 14 of them had never been in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the demographics of these individuals — they were overwhelmingly young,” says Joanna Hellmuth, a cognitive neurologist at UCSF and lead author of the study. “They were in their late 30s, as an average age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is problematic, she says, because most tools used to screen for cognitive issues were designed to detect dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of limited ways that our society thinks about thinking and memory changes. It’s either dementia or it's nothing,” she says. “There's really no in between in these more subtle cognitive disorders that really aren't recognized as much in the medical field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren’t sure what causes COVID-19-related brain fog. They theorize it may be brain damage caused directly by the virus, or it could be an indirect result of the body’s immune response in fighting the virus. As a result, doctors aren’t sure how to treat it. They don’t know how long it might last and when, or if, the symptoms will go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has been limited. Most studies have been among patients who were hospitalized, Hellmuth says, because they are conducted mainly by ICU doctors who follow their own patients after discharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Coronavirus Coverage' tag='coronavirus']Hellmuth and her team want to study the 85% of COVID-19 patients who were never hospitalized. While the new UCSF study is small, she says, it documents cognitive changes in outpatients in detail and opens the door for other researchers to do more, bigger studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is needed to understand the long-term economic and societal impacts of COVID-19 illness, she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of working people who had COVID-19 who aren't able to do their jobs like they used to,” she says. “I've had a number of people ask me to write notes for work to legitimize their cognitive issues. I've had patients in their teens and I've had to write notes to their school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bruce Wheeler, his symptoms became so bad he couldn’t track conversations or group Zoom calls and he had to step back from the volunteer work he does for local museums and nonprofits. The hardest part of brain fog, he says, is the emotional toll it takes, the stress and guilt of forgetting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Six months ago, it really got me down. Now I kind of accept it in myself,\" he says. \"Being able to make light of it at times, have a laugh with family or friends, ‘C’mon, Bruce, Try harder! Who is that Australian actress?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pauses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I can't remember. You gave it to me, what, five minutes ago?” he says, looking up at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nicole Kidman,\" I say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nicole Kidman,” he sighs. “Damn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'll go into the kitchen wanting to get something out of the refrigerator and I open a cabinet,” Wheeler says. “I forget what I'm there for and I’ve gone to the wrong place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll watch a movie with his wife and the next morning, he can’t remember what he saw. Even in the moment he’s staring at Russell Crowe on screen, he can’t remember his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then there's another Australian actress that's in every movie? Do you know the most popular Australian actress?” Wheeler asks me during an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nicole Kidman,\" I say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nicole Kidman,” Wheeler confirms. “Whenever I see them or think of them, I just have a gap. Sometimes it’s very obvious things, sometimes it's somebody who's very important in my life, I just can't remember their name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11858777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11858777\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Bruce-Wheeler-photo-Dartmoor-England-e1612493876434.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1536\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bruce Wheeler hikes in England in 2017. Since he got COVID-19 in March 2020, he's had a hard time walking long distances or up hills — but what really bothers him is what people are calling 'brain fog.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy Dale Wheeler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These kinds of persistent cognitive problems have so far been documented mainly among older people who had to be hospitalized for severe cases of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wheeler was never in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13365-021-00954-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A new study\u003c/a> from UCSF researchers suggests brain fog may be more common among patients like Wheeler who had milder cases of COVID-19 and rode their illness out at home. Out of 100 patients tracked, 20 experienced cognitive issues and 14 of them had never been in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the demographics of these individuals — they were overwhelmingly young,” says Joanna Hellmuth, a cognitive neurologist at UCSF and lead author of the study. “They were in their late 30s, as an average age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is problematic, she says, because most tools used to screen for cognitive issues were designed to detect dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of limited ways that our society thinks about thinking and memory changes. It’s either dementia or it's nothing,” she says. “There's really no in between in these more subtle cognitive disorders that really aren't recognized as much in the medical field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren’t sure what causes COVID-19-related brain fog. They theorize it may be brain damage caused directly by the virus, or it could be an indirect result of the body’s immune response in fighting the virus. As a result, doctors aren’t sure how to treat it. They don’t know how long it might last and when, or if, the symptoms will go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has been limited. Most studies have been among patients who were hospitalized, Hellmuth says, because they are conducted mainly by ICU doctors who follow their own patients after discharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Hellmuth and her team want to study the 85% of COVID-19 patients who were never hospitalized. While the new UCSF study is small, she says, it documents cognitive changes in outpatients in detail and opens the door for other researchers to do more, bigger studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is needed to understand the long-term economic and societal impacts of COVID-19 illness, she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of working people who had COVID-19 who aren't able to do their jobs like they used to,” she says. “I've had a number of people ask me to write notes for work to legitimize their cognitive issues. I've had patients in their teens and I've had to write notes to their school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bruce Wheeler, his symptoms became so bad he couldn’t track conversations or group Zoom calls and he had to step back from the volunteer work he does for local museums and nonprofits. The hardest part of brain fog, he says, is the emotional toll it takes, the stress and guilt of forgetting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Six months ago, it really got me down. Now I kind of accept it in myself,\" he says. \"Being able to make light of it at times, have a laugh with family or friends, ‘C’mon, Bruce, Try harder! Who is that Australian actress?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pauses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I can't remember. You gave it to me, what, five minutes ago?” he says, looking up at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nicole Kidman,\" I say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nicole Kidman,” he sighs. “Damn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "These Sites Offer Free COVID-19 Tests for the Uninsured. So Why Are So Many Insured Kaiser Patients Using Them?",
"title": "These Sites Offer Free COVID-19 Tests for the Uninsured. So Why Are So Many Insured Kaiser Patients Using Them?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This report contains a clarification.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonprofit clinics and coronavirus testing centers that don't require insurance are seeing large numbers of people \u003cem>with\u003c/em> insurance seeking tests. People running these centers say that’s taking resources away from the low-income communities they’re meant to serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many of those insured patients are Kaiser Permanente members who already have access to testing through Kaiser, those running the free clinics say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts say that more and faster testing is critical to slowing the spread of the virus and ultimately \u003ca href=\"https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/why-covid-19-testing-key-getting-back-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">saving lives\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's especially key as vaccines are still limited and testing remains an important tool to keep the pandemic in check, Santa Clara County's health department wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/covid19/Pages/press-release-01-30-2021-COVID-19-tests-remain-most-important-tool.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a>, Saturday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Kim Rhoads, UCSF\"]'This is the community scrambling for resources ... so it raises the question, why is it so hard to get a test at Kaiser?'[/pullquote]Kaiser says it's following state guidelines on testing. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Managed Health Care\u003c/a> (DMHC) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> requires that health plans provide tests within 48 hours to a health plan enrollee who has symptoms, has known or suspected exposure or is an essential worker. The DMHC says Kaiser is currently meeting these requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DMHC also says there is no requirement for individuals to be tested by their health plan. And if health plan enrollees are tested outside of their health plan, the health plan must reimburse the out-of-network providers for the cost of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But providers tell KQED that actually getting some of those reimbursements is difficult, even as insured patients continue to flock to free clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Insured People Flocking to Nonprofits\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://rootsclinic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roots Community Health Center\u003c/a> serves patients in Oakland who are impacted by systemic inequities and poverty. The clinic was founded with the goal to serve the uninsured and low-income residents of East Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dr. Noha Aboelata, Roots' chief executive officer, says she's seen a lot of insured people coming through Roots, especially from Kaiser. She says roughly 25% of insured people are Kaiser members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboelata says she's heard her Kaiser patients say that they were either denied getting a test at Kaiser or that the appointment date was too far out and they wanted to get tested right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that happens, they come to Roots instead. And Roots isn't alone.[aside postID=\"news_11818312\" label=\"MAP: Free COVID-19 Public Testing Sites in the Bay Area\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Kim Rhoads, an epidemiologist and biostatistician at the University of California San Francisco,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852147/ucsf-doctor-challenges-reports-of-high-covid-rates-in-black-community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> hosted several pop-up COVID-19 testing sites\u003c/a> throughout Oakland last fall with the mission to test the Black community and African Americans specifically. She says of the thousand people tested at her pop-up sites, roughly 36% had Kaiser insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the community scrambling for resources,” Rhoads says, “So it raises the question, why is it so hard to get a test at Kaiser?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboelata, at Roots, says the number of Kaiser patients they've seen has been pretty consistent since the start of the pandemic and, as of Saturday, they've tested about 5,500 Kaiser patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they’ve been fortunate to have enough tests to serve everyone coming through their doors, but resources are limited. She thinks \u003cem>every\u003c/em> health care provider should make testing fast and easy, and small clinics like Roots shouldn’t be picking up the slack for larger institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why Are Some Kaiser Members Not Going to Kaiser?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Andy Hsu, a tech worker who lives in San Francisco’s SoMa neighborhood, has Kaiser insurance but mostly goes to \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-about-your-covid-19-testing-options\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">city-run testing sites, or CityTestSF.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would definitely take a lot more tests with City,” he says. “One because, I think, going through Kaiser's app, it's just kind of a pain in general, like there's just a lot of steps involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And secondly, the city’s test result turnaround time is a \u003cem>lot\u003c/em> faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've definitely gotten test results within 24 hours\" from the city, \"whereas for Kaiser, there's been times when it would take them a little bit more than two days,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In the Tweet below, KQED reporter Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez, who recently got insurance through Kaiser, was similarly taken aback after getting a turnaround time estimate of five days for a COVID-19 test.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/vad3r_77/status/1355216198820974594\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hsu says the city of San Francisco, which isn’t even a health care institution, is setting up testing sites that are more efficient than Kaiser’s, the health care giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kaiser has such a big footprint in the Bay Area, I would expect things to be a little bit more like figured out by now,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about turnaround times for COVID-19 tests, a Kaiser representative told KQED by email that it's \"usually within two to three days... But timing may change based on demand and testing capacity, and whether the test is processed at [Kaiser] or at a private commercial lab, which may take longer to report results. We prioritize our lab testing and may use private lab services for asymptomatic, less urgent cases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser did not respond to questions about its members using free sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An official with San Francisco's COVID Command Center says those with insurance are urged to get tested with their provider and reserve city-run testing sites for those who are symptomatic, have been exposed, don’t have insurance or can't get a test appointment elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's COVID Command Center says through December city test sites conducted 100,000 tests for Kaiser patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local nonprofit community clinics have different challenges than the city-run testing sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Recovering Community Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While Roots and other testing sites can legally bill Kaiser for the tests taken by their members, Aboelata says there are challenges with getting reimbursed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser only reimburses for tests if members fill out their information correctly. When Kaiser members make a mistake writing down their insurance information, testing sites cannot be reimbursed for those tests from Kaiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, these clinics are typically set up to serve low-income people and those who are uninsured, so when getting a COVID-19 test, filling out insurance information is optional. That means in cases where people with insurance leave the insurance information section blank, there’s no way to recoup those costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the CDPH admits that there are instances when collecting payment from health care plans are not feasible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, the CDPH says “there may be people who come in for testing who do not identify they are covered through a health plan or insurer for the provider to request reimbursement from the health plan, or scenarios where not enough information is provided or captured.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lastly, there’s the cost of administering tests. Clinics have to pay for someone to book the visits, health care professionals to give the test as well as notify people of their test results, among other administrative tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser is supposed to pay for administrative costs, according to DMHC. But Aboelata says they’re unaware of any way to bill Kaiser for those costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While DMHC says there is a billing system in place, Kaiser has yet to confirm if they've established that system. And even if there were a billing system in place, all of these hurdles could be avoided if people with Kaiser insurance went to a Kaiser testing site for their tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, it's not efficient or effective. And obviously, it's much more ideal if they would get tested at their own primary care,” Aboelata says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852166\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Kim Rhoads is an epidemiologist and bio-statistician at UCSF. She helped start a group called Umoja with a mission to get more African Americans to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population. Rhoads is pictured wearing an Umoja t-shirt at the COVID-19 pop-up testing sites hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in East Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Kim Rhoads is an epidemiologist and biostatistician at UCSF. She helped start a group called Umoja with a mission to get more African Americans to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population. Rhoads is pictured wearing an Umoja T-shirt at the COVID-19 pop-up testing sites hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in East Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike Roots, Rhoads’ team at UCSF is powered by volunteers, and they managed to get funding from Kaiser after Kaiser discovered so many of their testers had their insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboelata says she'd be interested in partnering with Kaiser, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Kaiser Says They Are Following Guidelines\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Kaiser told KQED they're following the direction of the CDPH and DMHC, and that they are in compliance with state orders on testing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser serves 4.5 million people in Northern California and has 36 testing sites in the region (25 of them are in the Bay Area).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser says in Northern California it has the capacity to perform roughly 20,000 tests per day. But according to \u003ca href=\"https://testing.covid19.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/332/2021/01/20210123_TAT-dashboard.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>, from January 17-23 Kaiser only tested 52,797 in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This pales in comparison to the 100,559 they tested in Southern California, though it's important to note the Los Angeles area has been dealing with a major surge over the past few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11858047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11858047 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-800x69.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"69\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-800x69.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-1020x88.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-160x14.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-1536x133.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM.png 1644w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A partial screen-capture from CDPH’s Turnaround Time Dashboard (PDF) which shows total tests counted by Kaiser Northern California and Kaiser Southern California from January 17, 2021 to January 23, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, over the weekend, Kaiser’s CEO sent out an email to members that says Kaiser is working to ramp up its vaccination efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser will “continue providing vaccines we receive at each of our medical office buildings . . . and in anticipation of more vaccine, we’re prepared to open additional locations and use mobile clinics,\" the statement reads. The health care company also says it's working to open up high-volume COVID-19 vaccination hubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that Kaiser has opened or will open up \u003cem>at least\u003c/em> 73 vaccination sites in the region, since it has 73 medical offices in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why only some Kaiser facilities offer COVID-19 testing, a spokesperson told KQED that Kaiser \"carefully selected locations that could best accommodate a drive-up testing site based on physical space, parking and where we felt we could safely accommodate the expected volume while minimizing patient contact info and supporting social distancing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser did not offer an explanation as to why vaccinations would be available at all medical office buildings, but not COVID-19 tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Feb. 3: This report has been updated to clarify statements from Kaiser on COVID-19 testing turnaround times and the selection of testing sites.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: KQED reporter Julie Chang is a Kaiser Permanente insurance member.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This report contains a clarification.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonprofit clinics and coronavirus testing centers that don't require insurance are seeing large numbers of people \u003cem>with\u003c/em> insurance seeking tests. People running these centers say that’s taking resources away from the low-income communities they’re meant to serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many of those insured patients are Kaiser Permanente members who already have access to testing through Kaiser, those running the free clinics say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts say that more and faster testing is critical to slowing the spread of the virus and ultimately \u003ca href=\"https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/why-covid-19-testing-key-getting-back-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">saving lives\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's especially key as vaccines are still limited and testing remains an important tool to keep the pandemic in check, Santa Clara County's health department wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/covid19/Pages/press-release-01-30-2021-COVID-19-tests-remain-most-important-tool.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a>, Saturday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kaiser says it's following state guidelines on testing. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Managed Health Care\u003c/a> (DMHC) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> requires that health plans provide tests within 48 hours to a health plan enrollee who has symptoms, has known or suspected exposure or is an essential worker. The DMHC says Kaiser is currently meeting these requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DMHC also says there is no requirement for individuals to be tested by their health plan. And if health plan enrollees are tested outside of their health plan, the health plan must reimburse the out-of-network providers for the cost of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But providers tell KQED that actually getting some of those reimbursements is difficult, even as insured patients continue to flock to free clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Insured People Flocking to Nonprofits\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://rootsclinic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roots Community Health Center\u003c/a> serves patients in Oakland who are impacted by systemic inequities and poverty. The clinic was founded with the goal to serve the uninsured and low-income residents of East Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dr. Noha Aboelata, Roots' chief executive officer, says she's seen a lot of insured people coming through Roots, especially from Kaiser. She says roughly 25% of insured people are Kaiser members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboelata says she's heard her Kaiser patients say that they were either denied getting a test at Kaiser or that the appointment date was too far out and they wanted to get tested right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that happens, they come to Roots instead. And Roots isn't alone.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Kim Rhoads, an epidemiologist and biostatistician at the University of California San Francisco,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852147/ucsf-doctor-challenges-reports-of-high-covid-rates-in-black-community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> hosted several pop-up COVID-19 testing sites\u003c/a> throughout Oakland last fall with the mission to test the Black community and African Americans specifically. She says of the thousand people tested at her pop-up sites, roughly 36% had Kaiser insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the community scrambling for resources,” Rhoads says, “So it raises the question, why is it so hard to get a test at Kaiser?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboelata, at Roots, says the number of Kaiser patients they've seen has been pretty consistent since the start of the pandemic and, as of Saturday, they've tested about 5,500 Kaiser patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they’ve been fortunate to have enough tests to serve everyone coming through their doors, but resources are limited. She thinks \u003cem>every\u003c/em> health care provider should make testing fast and easy, and small clinics like Roots shouldn’t be picking up the slack for larger institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why Are Some Kaiser Members Not Going to Kaiser?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Andy Hsu, a tech worker who lives in San Francisco’s SoMa neighborhood, has Kaiser insurance but mostly goes to \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-about-your-covid-19-testing-options\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">city-run testing sites, or CityTestSF.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would definitely take a lot more tests with City,” he says. “One because, I think, going through Kaiser's app, it's just kind of a pain in general, like there's just a lot of steps involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And secondly, the city’s test result turnaround time is a \u003cem>lot\u003c/em> faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've definitely gotten test results within 24 hours\" from the city, \"whereas for Kaiser, there's been times when it would take them a little bit more than two days,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In the Tweet below, KQED reporter Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez, who recently got insurance through Kaiser, was similarly taken aback after getting a turnaround time estimate of five days for a COVID-19 test.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Hsu says the city of San Francisco, which isn’t even a health care institution, is setting up testing sites that are more efficient than Kaiser’s, the health care giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kaiser has such a big footprint in the Bay Area, I would expect things to be a little bit more like figured out by now,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about turnaround times for COVID-19 tests, a Kaiser representative told KQED by email that it's \"usually within two to three days... But timing may change based on demand and testing capacity, and whether the test is processed at [Kaiser] or at a private commercial lab, which may take longer to report results. We prioritize our lab testing and may use private lab services for asymptomatic, less urgent cases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser did not respond to questions about its members using free sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An official with San Francisco's COVID Command Center says those with insurance are urged to get tested with their provider and reserve city-run testing sites for those who are symptomatic, have been exposed, don’t have insurance or can't get a test appointment elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's COVID Command Center says through December city test sites conducted 100,000 tests for Kaiser patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local nonprofit community clinics have different challenges than the city-run testing sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Recovering Community Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While Roots and other testing sites can legally bill Kaiser for the tests taken by their members, Aboelata says there are challenges with getting reimbursed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser only reimburses for tests if members fill out their information correctly. When Kaiser members make a mistake writing down their insurance information, testing sites cannot be reimbursed for those tests from Kaiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, these clinics are typically set up to serve low-income people and those who are uninsured, so when getting a COVID-19 test, filling out insurance information is optional. That means in cases where people with insurance leave the insurance information section blank, there’s no way to recoup those costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the CDPH admits that there are instances when collecting payment from health care plans are not feasible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, the CDPH says “there may be people who come in for testing who do not identify they are covered through a health plan or insurer for the provider to request reimbursement from the health plan, or scenarios where not enough information is provided or captured.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lastly, there’s the cost of administering tests. Clinics have to pay for someone to book the visits, health care professionals to give the test as well as notify people of their test results, among other administrative tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser is supposed to pay for administrative costs, according to DMHC. But Aboelata says they’re unaware of any way to bill Kaiser for those costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While DMHC says there is a billing system in place, Kaiser has yet to confirm if they've established that system. And even if there were a billing system in place, all of these hurdles could be avoided if people with Kaiser insurance went to a Kaiser testing site for their tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, it's not efficient or effective. And obviously, it's much more ideal if they would get tested at their own primary care,” Aboelata says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852166\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Kim Rhoads is an epidemiologist and bio-statistician at UCSF. She helped start a group called Umoja with a mission to get more African Americans to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population. Rhoads is pictured wearing an Umoja t-shirt at the COVID-19 pop-up testing sites hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in East Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-8.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Kim Rhoads is an epidemiologist and biostatistician at UCSF. She helped start a group called Umoja with a mission to get more African Americans to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population. Rhoads is pictured wearing an Umoja T-shirt at the COVID-19 pop-up testing sites hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in East Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike Roots, Rhoads’ team at UCSF is powered by volunteers, and they managed to get funding from Kaiser after Kaiser discovered so many of their testers had their insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aboelata says she'd be interested in partnering with Kaiser, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Kaiser Says They Are Following Guidelines\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Kaiser told KQED they're following the direction of the CDPH and DMHC, and that they are in compliance with state orders on testing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser serves 4.5 million people in Northern California and has 36 testing sites in the region (25 of them are in the Bay Area).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser says in Northern California it has the capacity to perform roughly 20,000 tests per day. But according to \u003ca href=\"https://testing.covid19.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/332/2021/01/20210123_TAT-dashboard.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>, from January 17-23 Kaiser only tested 52,797 in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This pales in comparison to the 100,559 they tested in Southern California, though it's important to note the Los Angeles area has been dealing with a major surge over the past few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11858047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11858047 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-800x69.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"69\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-800x69.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-1020x88.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-160x14.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM-1536x133.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Screen-Shot-2021-02-01-at-2.55.50-PM.png 1644w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A partial screen-capture from CDPH’s Turnaround Time Dashboard (PDF) which shows total tests counted by Kaiser Northern California and Kaiser Southern California from January 17, 2021 to January 23, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, over the weekend, Kaiser’s CEO sent out an email to members that says Kaiser is working to ramp up its vaccination efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser will “continue providing vaccines we receive at each of our medical office buildings . . . and in anticipation of more vaccine, we’re prepared to open additional locations and use mobile clinics,\" the statement reads. The health care company also says it's working to open up high-volume COVID-19 vaccination hubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that Kaiser has opened or will open up \u003cem>at least\u003c/em> 73 vaccination sites in the region, since it has 73 medical offices in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why only some Kaiser facilities offer COVID-19 testing, a spokesperson told KQED that Kaiser \"carefully selected locations that could best accommodate a drive-up testing site based on physical space, parking and where we felt we could safely accommodate the expected volume while minimizing patient contact info and supporting social distancing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser did not offer an explanation as to why vaccinations would be available at all medical office buildings, but not COVID-19 tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Feb. 3: This report has been updated to clarify statements from Kaiser on COVID-19 testing turnaround times and the selection of testing sites.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: KQED reporter Julie Chang is a Kaiser Permanente insurance member.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "ucsf-doctor-challenges-reports-of-high-covid-rates-in-black-community",
"title": "UCSF Doctor Challenges Reports of High COVID-19 Rates in Black Community",
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"content": "\u003cp>When UCSF wanted to look into COVID-19 disparities in the Black community, they tapped \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/rhoads_kim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Kim Rhoads\u003c/a>. Rhoads is an epidemiologist and biostatistician at UCSF who has done extensive outreach in the Bay Area’s Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most current research points to higher COVID-19 infection rates among Black people in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says Black Americans are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.4 times\u003c/a> more likely to catch the virus compared to their white counterparts. (That rate was at 2.6 times more likely when KQED checked on Nov. 21.) And according to the state public health department, Black people make up approximately \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4% \u003c/a>of positive cases in California but only 6% of the total population in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Rhoads, those statistics don’t tell the full story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking into infection rates among Black Americans in Oakland, Rhoads discovered that virus positivity may be lower than is being reported by public health departments and the media because a large portion of the Black population is being missed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sizable number of people in the community, she said, are untested, unreached and uncounted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She discovered that trend after her team tested 1,000 people across Oakland at eight separate pop-up testing events, and only two Black participants came back positive, leading to a positivity rate of less than 1%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Starting Umoja\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To begin examining disparities in Oakland, Rhoads knew she needed to put together a diverse team of stakeholders — so she brought in community groups, public health departments, and, of course, UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team is called \u003ca href=\"https://unitedinhealthoakland.org/en/eastoakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Umoja Health\u003c/a>. Umoja in Swahili means “unity,” and it’s the first principle of \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwanzaa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kwanzaa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they started in September, Umoja aimed to get more Black and African American folks tested for the coronavirus and to use that data to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they set up eight pop-up testing sites throughout Oakland over two months in census tracts with greater than 40% African American population represented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the pop-ups were unlike other testing sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a live DJ playing music, volunteers wore T-shirts that said Umoja, and they handed out goody bags with resource sheets and masks. The overall mood was festive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11852160\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-800x451.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-800x451.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-1020x575.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-1536x866.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to shift is the idea that if you’re going for testing, you’re not going into a clinical or medical environment where people don’t know you and maybe they don’t care,” said Rhoads on a Saturday in September at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohccministries.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center of Hope Community Church\u003c/a> parking lot, one of their pop-up sites where folks could walk or drive up to get swab and antibody tests for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said their approach was to create testing sites with familiar faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of asking people to come to the clinic, we want to bring the clinic to the people. And when we bring the clinic to the people, we want it to look like the community is bringing it to the community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They got rid of the UCSF logos, the Department of Public Health signs — making the site look more like a health fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said Black people in San Francisco weren’t getting tested despite having testing available to them. Over the summer, she helped organize COVID-19 testing sites in the city’s neighborhoods with the largest African American population, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822167/community-led-effort-brings-free-covid-19-testing-to-bayview-hunters-point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco’s Bayview-Hunters Point\u003c/a> and Sunnydale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said at one clinic they were only serving a fifth of their capacity and swabs were just sitting there unused, largely due to the relationship between the community and the public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852156\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852156\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Phlebotomy tech Brandon Tran administers a COVID-19 swab test to Herb Sanders in his car at a COVID-19 testing pop-up site by Umoja hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. Umoja's mission was to get more African Americans in Oakland to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phlebotomy tech Brandon Tran administers a COVID-19 swab test to Herb Sanders in his car at a COVID-19 testing pop-up site by Umoja hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. Umoja’s mission was to get more African Americans in Oakland to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said the same thing was happening in Alameda County where testing sites located in predominantly Black neighborhoods weren’t being used by Black people. She says roughly four out five people getting tested were non-Black, like at \u003ca href=\"https://rootsclinic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roots Community Health Center\u003c/a>, an East Oakland clinic that serves mostly African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamaica Sowell, director of programs and policy with Roots Community Health Center, said 20% of people getting tested at their clinic are Black or of African descent, but added that the percentage doesn’t include those of mixed race, which often include African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Becoming Credible Messengers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers said an initiative where Black people and allies work together to serve the Black community is significant because it can help fight misinformation that has been spreading within the community since the start of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daryle Allums Sr., executive director of local anti-gun-violence group \u003ca href=\"https://adamikavillage.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adamika Village\u003c/a>, said there’s not enough COVID-19 education in East Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"covid-19, pandemic\" label=\"More coronavirus coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need credible messengers that our community can trust to give this information. If that’s from a Black doctor, if that’s from a community leader, a pastor — however that look. We need to right education,” Allums said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Umoja popped up at churches, the West Oakland BART station, an outdoor market featuring Black small-business owners called Akoma Market, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At their first pop-up in Akoma Market, Rhoads said they had zero positives out of 75 people tested. “But with the rate of infection that was being reported, we should have had at least one or two,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, Umoja tested exactly 1,000 people (not including volunteers), over half of whom were Black. And only a total of two Black people tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A positivity rate of less than 1% contrasts starkly with other reports. So how could the results be so different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said the answer lies in their testing group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that we were really reaching a high percentage of folks who had never been tested before,” she said. Over half of the Black people they tested said they were first-time testers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Rhoads, that means they were capturing a larger pool of the Black American population. These are people who may be living “on the edge,” as she put it, but are generally housed. They have jobs but might not have health care or just don’t trust the health care system due to a history of systemic racism. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Kim Rhoads, UCSF epidemiologist\"]“So we’re seeing the people who are not in the system. They’re not in the congregate living setting system, and they’re not in the prison system. They’re just not in the system.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re seeing the people who are not in the system. They’re not in the congregate living setting system, and they’re not in the prison system. They’re just not in the system,” Rhoads said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said these testers are the “regular folks” who public health officials and the media don’t always pay attention to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And misreporting the percentages as higher than they actually are can create a narrative that all Black people are disproportionately getting infected by the coronavirus. She said the mortality rate \u003cem>is\u003c/em> higher, but when public health officials and the media portray the community as a monolith, they risk feeding some ugly assumptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said what’s missed is the fact that Black folks are being responsible — they’re wearing masks, social distancing and following public health guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rhoads is confident in her data, this is one study, and researchers need to continue probing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pivoting to Vaccines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When talks of vaccines emerged, Rhoads knew they’d have to leverage the credibility and trust they’ve developed in the community in order to get the word out about vaccines, but in the tried-and-true Umoja way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would be providing information and resources and opportunity to question the vaccine,” Rhoads said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To dictate to people what they should do is very not Umoja,” she said. “In fact, it’s the old way, which is the paternalistic health care system, telling people, particularly people of color in underserved communities, why the problems that they’re having are their own fault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that “paternalistic” approach might be comforting to folks who haven’t been historically marginalized by the health care system — especially from an esteemed institution like UCSF — that’s not the case with many Black Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going back \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/25/556673640/scientists-work-to-overcome-legacy-of-tuskegee-study-henrietta-lacks\">to the Tuskegee experiment\u003c/a>, you know, Henrietta Lacks. A lot of things have been done, unfortunately, against the Black community,” said Dr. Demisha Burns, an Umoja volunteer whose day-to-day job involves \u003ca href=\"http://womenhiv.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">helping women affected by HIV/AIDS in Oakland\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852154\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852154\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Joy Kirkwood, an outreach specialist at LifeLong Medical, receives a COVID-19 test at a COVID-19 testing pop-up site by Umoja hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. Umoja's mission was to get more African Americans in Oakland to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joy Kirkwood, an outreach specialist at LifeLong Medical Care, receives a COVID-19 test at a COVID-19 testing pop-up site by Umoja hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. Umoja’s mission was to get more African Americans in Oakland to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Henrietta Lacks was an African American woman whose cancer cells were taken without her consent in the 1950s, and companies made money using them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, of course, people are like, ‘I’m not going to go get tested. I’m not going to go do this. I’m not going to go get a vaccine,’ ” Burns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on survey data collected at their pop-ups, Rhoads knew they had their work cut out for them. At an Umoja meeting in November, Rhoads said of the thousand participants, when asked about whether or not they’d be willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine, survey results showed people were equally split across getting the vaccine and not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a willingness to get the vaccine among African Americans suffered a slight drop after their last pop-up, going from 43% down to 40%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Shaw, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://acphd.org/urban-male-health/\">Urban Male Health Initiative\u003c/a> with the Alameda County Public Health Department, chimed in at the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As I talk to folks, mainly Black folks, they say I’d like other ethnicities to try it first because we don’t trust that it’s going to be good for us. I’ve heard that comment over and over,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking for practical solutions, Rhoads said it’s important for trusted community members to get vaccinated and speak about their experience, telling folks whether they had side effects or not, and so forth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Umoja, she said, empowers people with information so they can make their own decisions.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "UCSF Doctor Challenges Reports of High COVID-19 Rates in Black Community | KQED",
"description": "When UCSF wanted to look into COVID-19 disparities in the Black community, they tapped Dr. Kim Rhoads. Rhoads is an epidemiologist and biostatistician at UCSF who has done extensive outreach in the Bay Area’s Black community. Most current research points to higher COVID-19 infection rates among Black people in the U.S. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says Black Americans are 1.4 times more likely to catch the virus compared to their white counterparts. (That rate was at 2.6 times more likely when KQED checked on Nov. 21.) And according to the state public health department, Black people make",
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"headline": "UCSF Doctor Challenges Reports of High COVID-19 Rates in Black Community",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When UCSF wanted to look into COVID-19 disparities in the Black community, they tapped \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/rhoads_kim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Kim Rhoads\u003c/a>. Rhoads is an epidemiologist and biostatistician at UCSF who has done extensive outreach in the Bay Area’s Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most current research points to higher COVID-19 infection rates among Black people in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says Black Americans are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.4 times\u003c/a> more likely to catch the virus compared to their white counterparts. (That rate was at 2.6 times more likely when KQED checked on Nov. 21.) And according to the state public health department, Black people make up approximately \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4% \u003c/a>of positive cases in California but only 6% of the total population in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Rhoads, those statistics don’t tell the full story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking into infection rates among Black Americans in Oakland, Rhoads discovered that virus positivity may be lower than is being reported by public health departments and the media because a large portion of the Black population is being missed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sizable number of people in the community, she said, are untested, unreached and uncounted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She discovered that trend after her team tested 1,000 people across Oakland at eight separate pop-up testing events, and only two Black participants came back positive, leading to a positivity rate of less than 1%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Starting Umoja\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To begin examining disparities in Oakland, Rhoads knew she needed to put together a diverse team of stakeholders — so she brought in community groups, public health departments, and, of course, UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team is called \u003ca href=\"https://unitedinhealthoakland.org/en/eastoakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Umoja Health\u003c/a>. Umoja in Swahili means “unity,” and it’s the first principle of \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwanzaa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kwanzaa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they started in September, Umoja aimed to get more Black and African American folks tested for the coronavirus and to use that data to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they set up eight pop-up testing sites throughout Oakland over two months in census tracts with greater than 40% African American population represented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the pop-ups were unlike other testing sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a live DJ playing music, volunteers wore T-shirts that said Umoja, and they handed out goody bags with resource sheets and masks. The overall mood was festive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11852160\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-800x451.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-800x451.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-1020x575.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6-1536x866.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-6.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to shift is the idea that if you’re going for testing, you’re not going into a clinical or medical environment where people don’t know you and maybe they don’t care,” said Rhoads on a Saturday in September at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohccministries.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center of Hope Community Church\u003c/a> parking lot, one of their pop-up sites where folks could walk or drive up to get swab and antibody tests for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said their approach was to create testing sites with familiar faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of asking people to come to the clinic, we want to bring the clinic to the people. And when we bring the clinic to the people, we want it to look like the community is bringing it to the community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They got rid of the UCSF logos, the Department of Public Health signs — making the site look more like a health fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said Black people in San Francisco weren’t getting tested despite having testing available to them. Over the summer, she helped organize COVID-19 testing sites in the city’s neighborhoods with the largest African American population, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822167/community-led-effort-brings-free-covid-19-testing-to-bayview-hunters-point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco’s Bayview-Hunters Point\u003c/a> and Sunnydale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said at one clinic they were only serving a fifth of their capacity and swabs were just sitting there unused, largely due to the relationship between the community and the public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852156\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852156\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Phlebotomy tech Brandon Tran administers a COVID-19 swab test to Herb Sanders in his car at a COVID-19 testing pop-up site by Umoja hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. Umoja's mission was to get more African Americans in Oakland to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phlebotomy tech Brandon Tran administers a COVID-19 swab test to Herb Sanders in his car at a COVID-19 testing pop-up site by Umoja hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. Umoja’s mission was to get more African Americans in Oakland to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said the same thing was happening in Alameda County where testing sites located in predominantly Black neighborhoods weren’t being used by Black people. She says roughly four out five people getting tested were non-Black, like at \u003ca href=\"https://rootsclinic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roots Community Health Center\u003c/a>, an East Oakland clinic that serves mostly African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamaica Sowell, director of programs and policy with Roots Community Health Center, said 20% of people getting tested at their clinic are Black or of African descent, but added that the percentage doesn’t include those of mixed race, which often include African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Becoming Credible Messengers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers said an initiative where Black people and allies work together to serve the Black community is significant because it can help fight misinformation that has been spreading within the community since the start of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daryle Allums Sr., executive director of local anti-gun-violence group \u003ca href=\"https://adamikavillage.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adamika Village\u003c/a>, said there’s not enough COVID-19 education in East Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need credible messengers that our community can trust to give this information. If that’s from a Black doctor, if that’s from a community leader, a pastor — however that look. We need to right education,” Allums said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Umoja popped up at churches, the West Oakland BART station, an outdoor market featuring Black small-business owners called Akoma Market, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At their first pop-up in Akoma Market, Rhoads said they had zero positives out of 75 people tested. “But with the rate of infection that was being reported, we should have had at least one or two,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, Umoja tested exactly 1,000 people (not including volunteers), over half of whom were Black. And only a total of two Black people tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A positivity rate of less than 1% contrasts starkly with other reports. So how could the results be so different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said the answer lies in their testing group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that we were really reaching a high percentage of folks who had never been tested before,” she said. Over half of the Black people they tested said they were first-time testers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Rhoads, that means they were capturing a larger pool of the Black American population. These are people who may be living “on the edge,” as she put it, but are generally housed. They have jobs but might not have health care or just don’t trust the health care system due to a history of systemic racism. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“So we’re seeing the people who are not in the system. They’re not in the congregate living setting system, and they’re not in the prison system. They’re just not in the system.”",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re seeing the people who are not in the system. They’re not in the congregate living setting system, and they’re not in the prison system. They’re just not in the system,” Rhoads said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said these testers are the “regular folks” who public health officials and the media don’t always pay attention to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And misreporting the percentages as higher than they actually are can create a narrative that all Black people are disproportionately getting infected by the coronavirus. She said the mortality rate \u003cem>is\u003c/em> higher, but when public health officials and the media portray the community as a monolith, they risk feeding some ugly assumptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoads said what’s missed is the fact that Black folks are being responsible — they’re wearing masks, social distancing and following public health guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rhoads is confident in her data, this is one study, and researchers need to continue probing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pivoting to Vaccines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When talks of vaccines emerged, Rhoads knew they’d have to leverage the credibility and trust they’ve developed in the community in order to get the word out about vaccines, but in the tried-and-true Umoja way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would be providing information and resources and opportunity to question the vaccine,” Rhoads said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To dictate to people what they should do is very not Umoja,” she said. “In fact, it’s the old way, which is the paternalistic health care system, telling people, particularly people of color in underserved communities, why the problems that they’re having are their own fault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that “paternalistic” approach might be comforting to folks who haven’t been historically marginalized by the health care system — especially from an esteemed institution like UCSF — that’s not the case with many Black Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going back \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/25/556673640/scientists-work-to-overcome-legacy-of-tuskegee-study-henrietta-lacks\">to the Tuskegee experiment\u003c/a>, you know, Henrietta Lacks. A lot of things have been done, unfortunately, against the Black community,” said Dr. Demisha Burns, an Umoja volunteer whose day-to-day job involves \u003ca href=\"http://womenhiv.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">helping women affected by HIV/AIDS in Oakland\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852154\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852154\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Joy Kirkwood, an outreach specialist at LifeLong Medical, receives a COVID-19 test at a COVID-19 testing pop-up site by Umoja hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. Umoja's mission was to get more African Americans in Oakland to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Umoja-3.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joy Kirkwood, an outreach specialist at LifeLong Medical Care, receives a COVID-19 test at a COVID-19 testing pop-up site by Umoja hosted by Acts Full Gospel Church in Oakland on Oct. 31, 2020. Umoja’s mission was to get more African Americans in Oakland to get tested for the coronavirus as well as to present a more accurate picture of positivity rates in the Black population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Henrietta Lacks was an African American woman whose cancer cells were taken without her consent in the 1950s, and companies made money using them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, of course, people are like, ‘I’m not going to go get tested. I’m not going to go do this. I’m not going to go get a vaccine,’ ” Burns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on survey data collected at their pop-ups, Rhoads knew they had their work cut out for them. At an Umoja meeting in November, Rhoads said of the thousand participants, when asked about whether or not they’d be willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine, survey results showed people were equally split across getting the vaccine and not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a willingness to get the vaccine among African Americans suffered a slight drop after their last pop-up, going from 43% down to 40%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Shaw, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://acphd.org/urban-male-health/\">Urban Male Health Initiative\u003c/a> with the Alameda County Public Health Department, chimed in at the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As I talk to folks, mainly Black folks, they say I’d like other ethnicities to try it first because we don’t trust that it’s going to be good for us. I’ve heard that comment over and over,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking for practical solutions, Rhoads said it’s important for trusted community members to get vaccinated and speak about their experience, telling folks whether they had side effects or not, and so forth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Umoja, she said, empowers people with information so they can make their own decisions.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "High-Poverty Neighborhoods Bear the Brunt of COVID-19’s Scourge",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over the course of the pandemic, COVID-19 infections have battered high-poverty neighborhoods in California on a staggeringly different scale than more affluent areas, a trend that underscores the heightened risks for low-wage workers as the state endures a deadly late-autumn surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A California Healthline review of local data from the state’s 12 most populous counties found that communities with relatively high poverty rates are experiencing confirmed COVID-19 infection rates two to three times as high as rates in wealthier areas. By late November, the analysis found, about 49 of every 1,000 residents in the state’s poorest urban areas — defined as communities with poverty rates higher than 30% — had tested positive for COVID-19. By comparison, about 16 of every 1,000 residents in comparatively affluent urban areas — communities with poverty rates lower than 10% — had tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"COVID-19 Disproportionately Affects the Poor\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-UrmsB\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/UrmsB/19/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"380\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Epidemiologists say the findings offer evidence of the outsize risk being shouldered by the millions of low-wage workers who live in those communities and do the jobs state and federal officials have deemed essential in the pandemic. These are the grocery store clerks, gas station cashiers, home health aides, warehouse packers, meat processors, hospital janitors and myriad other retail and service employees whose jobs keep the rest of us comfortable, clothed and fed. Those jobs cannot be done remotely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are being forced to go to work, possibly not able to protect themselves adequately,” said \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.sdsu.edu/people/christian-ramers/\">Dr. Christian Ramers\u003c/a>, an infectious disease specialist at \u003ca href=\"https://www.fhcsd.org/about-us/\">Family Health Centers of San Diego\u003c/a>. “If you are living paycheck to paycheck, it’s a very hard decision for some people, if they feel OK, to not go to work or to even quarantine if they know that they were exposed, because they need to pay rent and they need to pay the bills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To examine income and COVID-19 infection rates, California Healthline obtained data showing the number of cases for each ZIP code in nine of the state’s 12 most populous counties: \u003ca href=\"https://covid-19.acgov.org/data.page\">Alameda\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=1f82e8eb24c0403c90e774202c5dafea\">Fresno\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://phweb.kerncounty.com/Html5Viewer/index.html?viewer=COVID19Info\">Kern\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ochca.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/2a169f85c2254dd7b43f95b095208356\">Orange\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://coronavirus-countyofriverside.hub.arcgis.com/\">Riverside\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ad477bb955dc49e78d0a19b78bbd09dd\">Sacramento\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/Epidemiology/COVID-19%20Summary%20of%20Cases%20by%20Zip%20Code.pdf\">San Diego\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/COVID-19/COVID-19-Cases-and-Deaths-Summarized-by-Geography/tpyr-dvnc\">San Francisco\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/covid19/Pages/dashboard-cases-by-zip-code-and-city.aspx\">Santa Clara\u003c/a>. For three other counties that organize the data differently — \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/coronavirus/locations.htm\">Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/overview\">Contra Costa\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://sbcph.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/44bb35c804c44c8281da6d82ee602dff\">San Bernardino\u003c/a> — we obtained infection rates at the neighborhood and city level. We then cross-referenced those infection figures with U.S. census data showing poverty levels by community. Federal regulations set the poverty line for the 48 contiguous states at $26,200 in annual income for a family of four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"Disparities Are Stark in California's Largest Counties\" aria-label=\"Split Bars\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-jpb8M\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/jpb8M/9/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis revealed a common pattern of COVID-19 spread, in which neighborhoods within the same city, often just miles apart, had vastly different infection rates, with higher-poverty areas hit hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in the 94621 ZIP code in southern Oakland, where nearly 30% of residents live below the poverty line, there were about 54 confirmed infections per 1,000 people as of late November. Several miles north, in the 94618 ZIP code — the Rockridge and Upper Rockridge neighborhoods, where about 5% of residents live below the poverty line — there were about four confirmed infections per 1,000 people as of late November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Family Health Centers of San Diego, which operates dozens of primary care, dental and behavioral health clinics in San Diego County, more than 90% of patients qualify as low-income and nearly 30% don’t have insurance. Ramers said the recent surge in coronavirus cases has ripped through his patients’ communities at a quicker pace than in San Diego’s many affluent neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s southeast San Diego, it’s El Cajon and it’s all of the South Bay communities right by the [Mexican] border,” Ramers said. “They have the lowest socioeconomic status amongst other indicators, and that is exactly where we’re seeing the hardest-hit communities with COVID.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"A COVID Gap Between San Diego's Wealthiest and Poorest\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-IvBx9\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/IvBx9/9/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramers said he recently treated a patient who works at a sandwich shop. She developed a fever and told her boss she had possible COVID-19 symptoms. “He said, ‘No, you have to get to work,’ ” Ramers said. “I started asking about what kind of PPE [personal protective equipment] does she get? She is in a crowded kitchen making sandwiches for hundreds of people, probably, and I think she got one mask every couple of days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her employer ultimately gave her permission to miss work, but only after Ramers confirmed the COVID-19 diagnosis and issued a formal doctor’s note saying she needed to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research indicates residents of low-income neighborhoods are curtailing outings and social gatherings as much as anyone else during the pandemic — with the key exception that, unlike many white-collar workers, they have to leave home to work. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/sph/profile/jonathan-jay/\">Jonathan Jay\u003c/a>, assistant professor of community health sciences at Boston University, recently co-authored \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-00998-2\">a study\u003c/a> that used smartphone data to see whether people in low-income areas were maintaining physical distance as much as people in more affluent areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t find anything that would confirm the idea that lower-income people were unaware or unmotivated,” Jay said. “What we found was suggestive of their having the same level of awareness, the same level of motivation and simply the only evidence we found to explain the difference in physical distancing was the work-related behaviors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"COVID Disparities Apparent in Los Angeles Neighborhoods\" aria-label=\"chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-VG0R7\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/VG0R7/11/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/kirsten.bibbins-domingo\">Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo\u003c/a>, professor and chair of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UCSF, noted that low-wage workers also tend to live in densely crowded households. In other words, she said, it is often hard to isolate yourself if you are poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If somebody has a positive test, I advise them that they should not be living with other people in their household; or, if they have to stay in the same household, that they separate to a separate room, a separate bathroom, ideally, and that people wear masks in the house,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see that if their normal living environment is doubled up, tripled up, quadrupled up, that those strategies won’t work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bibbins-Domingo called on community and business leaders to embrace policies that ensure essential workers get paid time off if they contract COVID-19. Legislators at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/pandemic/ffcra-employee-paid-leave\">federal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/FAQ-for-PSL.html\">state\u003c/a> level have passed laws intended to expand the ranks of employees guaranteed paid sick leave for COVID-19, but many small businesses are exempt. She said public agencies also should consider paying for hotel rooms so people who live in crowded households can quarantine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She praised California’s decision to tie COVID-19-related restrictions on activities in each county to a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/blog/when-inequity-gets-measured-it-gets-managed/\">health equity metric\u003c/a>,” which ensures infection rates are low in all neighborhoods, not just wealthy ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the failure has been is to recognize that poor communities always have higher transmission during a pandemic; that we sort of expect to happen,” she said. “Knowing that is going to happen, it’s the responsibility of policymakers to actually put protections in place, to help the communities with the least resources to address the needs in the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Phillip Reese is a data reporting specialist and an assistant professor of journalism at California State University, Sacramento. \u003c/em>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methodology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data for this article came from 12 county health departments and the U.S. Census Bureau’s five-year 2014-18 American Community Survey. The Census Bureau creates geographies called ZIP Code Tabulation Areas that are based on ZIP codes but may not exactly match ZIP code boundaries. For most counties, a ZIP code is the smallest geography available for infection data released online. Infection data was obtained from county websites on Nov. 23. All counties appear to update their ZIP code data frequently but some may lag more than others. When available, the analysis used confirmed infection rates and population data provided by counties; otherwise, census data was used to calculate infection rates. The analysis excluded ZIP codes, cities and neighborhoods with fewer than 5,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">KHN\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A California Healthline review of local data from the state’s 12 most populous counties found that communities with relatively high poverty rates are experiencing confirmed COVID-19 infection rates two to three times as high as rates in wealthier areas.",
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"description": "A California Healthline review of local data from the state’s 12 most populous counties found that communities with relatively high poverty rates are experiencing confirmed COVID-19 infection rates two to three times as high as rates in wealthier areas.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the course of the pandemic, COVID-19 infections have battered high-poverty neighborhoods in California on a staggeringly different scale than more affluent areas, a trend that underscores the heightened risks for low-wage workers as the state endures a deadly late-autumn surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A California Healthline review of local data from the state’s 12 most populous counties found that communities with relatively high poverty rates are experiencing confirmed COVID-19 infection rates two to three times as high as rates in wealthier areas. By late November, the analysis found, about 49 of every 1,000 residents in the state’s poorest urban areas — defined as communities with poverty rates higher than 30% — had tested positive for COVID-19. By comparison, about 16 of every 1,000 residents in comparatively affluent urban areas — communities with poverty rates lower than 10% — had tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"COVID-19 Disproportionately Affects the Poor\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-UrmsB\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/UrmsB/19/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"380\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Epidemiologists say the findings offer evidence of the outsize risk being shouldered by the millions of low-wage workers who live in those communities and do the jobs state and federal officials have deemed essential in the pandemic. These are the grocery store clerks, gas station cashiers, home health aides, warehouse packers, meat processors, hospital janitors and myriad other retail and service employees whose jobs keep the rest of us comfortable, clothed and fed. Those jobs cannot be done remotely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are being forced to go to work, possibly not able to protect themselves adequately,” said \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.sdsu.edu/people/christian-ramers/\">Dr. Christian Ramers\u003c/a>, an infectious disease specialist at \u003ca href=\"https://www.fhcsd.org/about-us/\">Family Health Centers of San Diego\u003c/a>. “If you are living paycheck to paycheck, it’s a very hard decision for some people, if they feel OK, to not go to work or to even quarantine if they know that they were exposed, because they need to pay rent and they need to pay the bills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To examine income and COVID-19 infection rates, California Healthline obtained data showing the number of cases for each ZIP code in nine of the state’s 12 most populous counties: \u003ca href=\"https://covid-19.acgov.org/data.page\">Alameda\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=1f82e8eb24c0403c90e774202c5dafea\">Fresno\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://phweb.kerncounty.com/Html5Viewer/index.html?viewer=COVID19Info\">Kern\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ochca.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/2a169f85c2254dd7b43f95b095208356\">Orange\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://coronavirus-countyofriverside.hub.arcgis.com/\">Riverside\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ad477bb955dc49e78d0a19b78bbd09dd\">Sacramento\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/Epidemiology/COVID-19%20Summary%20of%20Cases%20by%20Zip%20Code.pdf\">San Diego\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/COVID-19/COVID-19-Cases-and-Deaths-Summarized-by-Geography/tpyr-dvnc\">San Francisco\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/covid19/Pages/dashboard-cases-by-zip-code-and-city.aspx\">Santa Clara\u003c/a>. For three other counties that organize the data differently — \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/coronavirus/locations.htm\">Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/overview\">Contra Costa\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://sbcph.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/44bb35c804c44c8281da6d82ee602dff\">San Bernardino\u003c/a> — we obtained infection rates at the neighborhood and city level. We then cross-referenced those infection figures with U.S. census data showing poverty levels by community. Federal regulations set the poverty line for the 48 contiguous states at $26,200 in annual income for a family of four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"Disparities Are Stark in California's Largest Counties\" aria-label=\"Split Bars\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-jpb8M\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/jpb8M/9/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis revealed a common pattern of COVID-19 spread, in which neighborhoods within the same city, often just miles apart, had vastly different infection rates, with higher-poverty areas hit hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in the 94621 ZIP code in southern Oakland, where nearly 30% of residents live below the poverty line, there were about 54 confirmed infections per 1,000 people as of late November. Several miles north, in the 94618 ZIP code — the Rockridge and Upper Rockridge neighborhoods, where about 5% of residents live below the poverty line — there were about four confirmed infections per 1,000 people as of late November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Family Health Centers of San Diego, which operates dozens of primary care, dental and behavioral health clinics in San Diego County, more than 90% of patients qualify as low-income and nearly 30% don’t have insurance. Ramers said the recent surge in coronavirus cases has ripped through his patients’ communities at a quicker pace than in San Diego’s many affluent neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s southeast San Diego, it’s El Cajon and it’s all of the South Bay communities right by the [Mexican] border,” Ramers said. “They have the lowest socioeconomic status amongst other indicators, and that is exactly where we’re seeing the hardest-hit communities with COVID.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"A COVID Gap Between San Diego's Wealthiest and Poorest\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-IvBx9\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/IvBx9/9/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramers said he recently treated a patient who works at a sandwich shop. She developed a fever and told her boss she had possible COVID-19 symptoms. “He said, ‘No, you have to get to work,’ ” Ramers said. “I started asking about what kind of PPE [personal protective equipment] does she get? She is in a crowded kitchen making sandwiches for hundreds of people, probably, and I think she got one mask every couple of days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her employer ultimately gave her permission to miss work, but only after Ramers confirmed the COVID-19 diagnosis and issued a formal doctor’s note saying she needed to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research indicates residents of low-income neighborhoods are curtailing outings and social gatherings as much as anyone else during the pandemic — with the key exception that, unlike many white-collar workers, they have to leave home to work. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/sph/profile/jonathan-jay/\">Jonathan Jay\u003c/a>, assistant professor of community health sciences at Boston University, recently co-authored \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-00998-2\">a study\u003c/a> that used smartphone data to see whether people in low-income areas were maintaining physical distance as much as people in more affluent areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t find anything that would confirm the idea that lower-income people were unaware or unmotivated,” Jay said. “What we found was suggestive of their having the same level of awareness, the same level of motivation and simply the only evidence we found to explain the difference in physical distancing was the work-related behaviors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"COVID Disparities Apparent in Los Angeles Neighborhoods\" aria-label=\"chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-VG0R7\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/VG0R7/11/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/kirsten.bibbins-domingo\">Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo\u003c/a>, professor and chair of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UCSF, noted that low-wage workers also tend to live in densely crowded households. In other words, she said, it is often hard to isolate yourself if you are poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If somebody has a positive test, I advise them that they should not be living with other people in their household; or, if they have to stay in the same household, that they separate to a separate room, a separate bathroom, ideally, and that people wear masks in the house,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see that if their normal living environment is doubled up, tripled up, quadrupled up, that those strategies won’t work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bibbins-Domingo called on community and business leaders to embrace policies that ensure essential workers get paid time off if they contract COVID-19. Legislators at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/pandemic/ffcra-employee-paid-leave\">federal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/FAQ-for-PSL.html\">state\u003c/a> level have passed laws intended to expand the ranks of employees guaranteed paid sick leave for COVID-19, but many small businesses are exempt. She said public agencies also should consider paying for hotel rooms so people who live in crowded households can quarantine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She praised California’s decision to tie COVID-19-related restrictions on activities in each county to a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/blog/when-inequity-gets-measured-it-gets-managed/\">health equity metric\u003c/a>,” which ensures infection rates are low in all neighborhoods, not just wealthy ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the failure has been is to recognize that poor communities always have higher transmission during a pandemic; that we sort of expect to happen,” she said. “Knowing that is going to happen, it’s the responsibility of policymakers to actually put protections in place, to help the communities with the least resources to address the needs in the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Phillip Reese is a data reporting specialist and an assistant professor of journalism at California State University, Sacramento. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methodology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data for this article came from 12 county health departments and the U.S. Census Bureau’s five-year 2014-18 American Community Survey. The Census Bureau creates geographies called ZIP Code Tabulation Areas that are based on ZIP codes but may not exactly match ZIP code boundaries. For most counties, a ZIP code is the smallest geography available for infection data released online. Infection data was obtained from county websites on Nov. 23. All counties appear to update their ZIP code data frequently but some may lag more than others. When available, the analysis used confirmed infection rates and population data provided by counties; otherwise, census data was used to calculate infection rates. The analysis excluded ZIP codes, cities and neighborhoods with fewer than 5,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">KHN\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>COVID-19 Hospital and Vaccine Update\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The surge in coronavirus cases continued its steady rise this week, as California’s ICU capacity dropped to 9%. Meanwhile, approval for a potential COVID-19 vaccine may be only days away. But until the vaccine is widely distributed — months from now — hospitals face a long, dark winter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Robert Wachter, chair, UCSF Department of Medicine\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carmela Coyle, president and CEO, California Hospital Association\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Child Care System Stressed by the Pandemic\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s Department of Social Services estimates that nearly 2,500 family child care facilities have closed permanently since the pandemic began. Advocates say the child care system, already fragile before the pandemic, is now in crisis, as many essential workers are scrambling to find reliable — and affordable — care so that they can go to work. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests: \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Loira Limbal, filmmaker, “Through the Night”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amie Latterman, chief advancement officer, Children’s Council of San Francisco\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: Cavallo Point\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We travel to the north end of the Golden Gate Bridge to visit Cavallo Point, which was named in 1775 for the wild horses that once roamed the region.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>COVID-19 Hospital and Vaccine Update\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The surge in coronavirus cases continued its steady rise this week, as California’s ICU capacity dropped to 9%. Meanwhile, approval for a potential COVID-19 vaccine may be only days away. But until the vaccine is widely distributed — months from now — hospitals face a long, dark winter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Robert Wachter, chair, UCSF Department of Medicine\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carmela Coyle, president and CEO, California Hospital Association\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Child Care System Stressed by the Pandemic\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s Department of Social Services estimates that nearly 2,500 family child care facilities have closed permanently since the pandemic began. Advocates say the child care system, already fragile before the pandemic, is now in crisis, as many essential workers are scrambling to find reliable — and affordable — care so that they can go to work. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests: \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Loira Limbal, filmmaker, “Through the Night”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amie Latterman, chief advancement officer, Children’s Council of San Francisco\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: Cavallo Point\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We travel to the north end of the Golden Gate Bridge to visit Cavallo Point, which was named in 1775 for the wild horses that once roamed the region.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines 'Breathtakingly Effective,' Says UCSF's Dr. Robert Wachter",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Skip straight to:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#effective\">How effective are Pfizer and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#distribute\">How might they be distributed?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For the past several weeks, advances with COVID-19 vaccines have offered hope in what has felt like an endless slog through this pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 20, Pfizer \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/20/health/pfizer-vaccine-eua-submission/index.html\">applied for emergency use authorization\u003c/a> for its COVID-19 vaccine from the Food and Drug Administration. On Monday, Moderna announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/30/health/moderna-vaccine-fda-eua-application/index.html\">it would also be applying for authorization\u003c/a> for its vaccine, which reportedly has a 94.1% efficacy rate. If approved, doses could start rolling out before the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with the possibility of a vaccine in the near future coming into clearer focus, questions are being raised how these vaccine doses might be distributed. In California, state officials have made it clear that health care workers will be the first to receive the vaccine. But since the initial rollout will likely be limited, officials will have to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848963/if-there-arent-enough-vaccines-for-all-health-care-workers-in-california-which-doctors-nurses-or-aides-will-get-it-first\">decide which health care workers\u003c/a> will get the vaccine first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does that mean, then, for the rest of us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Forum host Michael Krasny spoke with Dr. Robert Wachter, chair of the UCSF Department of Medicine, about the vaccine rollout and when the general public should realistically expect a dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101880963/ucsfs-dr-wachter-on-bay-area-vaccine-distribution\">Hear the full interview\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"effective\">\u003c/a>Michael Krasny:\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>There's good news on the horizon with respect to vaccines. And I'm interested in finding out your thoughts about the timing, first of all, but also the distribution of vaccines at this point. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Wachter: Let's start with the big picture: A month ago, we didn't know for sure that we would get a vaccine that worked. I mean, we've been working on an HIV vaccine for 30 years. We don't have one. So November, really, will go down in history as a remarkable month in the history of science, that now we have three vaccines that we know work — two of them remarkably effective, the AstraZeneca [vaccine] a little bit less so. But the news on the Pfizer and the Moderna vaccine are breathtaking, really beyond anything any of us had anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even more impressively, the Moderna news that came out this morning in their trial: There were 30 severe cases, 30 patients that were quite sick that had to go to the hospital or to the ICU or had very low oxygen. All of them — all 30 — were people that got the placebo. Zero of them were in people that got the vaccine. So these are breathtakingly effective.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. Robert Wachter, UCSF\"]'Those of us in the health care business are giddy about this. '[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I think those of us in the health care business are giddy about this. But now we start the work of trying to get them manufactured, distributed and sorting out who gets it first, because there will not be enough vaccine to go around until probably the middle part of next year. So we have some complicated decisions and logistics to work out in the next month or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There's still a big uncertainty about how long the vaccine can last. And the vaccine is mainly targeting symptoms to a great degree. Does it really help us understand or avert infections, particularly in asymptomatic people?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the things we know: We know that the vaccine prevents infection 95% of the time — so 19 out of 20 cases are prevented. We know, just as importantly, that it also prevents severe cases. We now know that it is incredibly effective in preventing people from getting very sick and almost certainly from dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we don't know for sure is how long it will last. And we care about that, but if it turns out you need to get a booster in a year or two, that's not the worst thing in the universe. And we don't know for 100% sure that it prevents you from getting infected — meaning you're carrying the virus in your your mouth and nose and potentially giving it to someone else. That's going to be important because that may ultimately determine whether we have to still take some precautions, like wearing masks.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. Robert Wachter, UCSF\"]'We don't know for 100% sure that [the vaccine] prevents you from getting infected.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But overall, the news that we now have a vaccine that is incredibly safe, has some moderate side effects that will last for a day and will bring the number of infections — and severe infections — down to close to zero is unbelievably good news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when we get the vaccine in maybe 70% of people in the United States is when we will reach herd immunity in the right way. You don't want to reach it by people getting sick and dying. You want to reach it through a vaccine. And if you do the math in terms of distribution and manufacturing, we should be able to get there probably by the end of the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848978\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11848978\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1231\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x-800x513.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x-1020x654.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x-1536x985.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign on the entrance to a pharmacy reads 'COVID-19 Vaccine Not Yet Available' on Nov. 23, 2020 in Burbank, California. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"distribute\">\u003c/a>We've got three phases likely with distribution.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Can you outline it for us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first phase is complicated. It's often divided into phase 1A, 1B and 1C. And I don't think we know the order yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been recommendations made by a prestigious national group, the National Academy of Medicine, in October, that had the first group be health care workers — people with direct exposure to patients. The next group being people over 65 or with preexisting conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, what really matters is what advisory group to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says. And it looks like the order is tilting toward the first group being health care workers, the second group likely being essential workers and then the third group of phase one being people over 65, and people with preexisting conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exception there is probably going to be people over 65 who live in nursing homes and other congregate settings, which have had a remarkably high mortality rate. But the devil's in the details. We don't know the order yet, and the numbers get a little daunting.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. Robert Wachter, UCSF\"]'The amount of vaccine that's available is going to force some tough prioritization decisions.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We really want is all of those groups to go to get their vaccine as quickly as possible. But when you do the math, the number of health care workers in the United States is about 20 million. The number of essential workers is close to 90 million. The number of people over 65 is 50 million. And the number of people with preexisting conditions: 150 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you add up those groups, you get to 200 million or so people. The amount of vaccine we will have by the end of December is probably about enough for 20 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the amount of vaccine that's available is going to force some tough prioritization decisions. We shouldn't go too crazy over this because eventually there will be enough vaccine for everybody, and when you look at the time that it takes to manufacture it and the speed with which they're ramping up, we're probably going to get through all of those groups by early spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, you know, we're talking about when you look at the number of cases, hospitalizations and deaths, it does make a difference whether you got your shot and if your shots were in December and January or March and April. And that's what we're going to be debating for the next week or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There's also some debate about how much race should be considered — how much income and health care access and those kinds of things.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things that's been exposed by COVID-19 — although it has been well-known in every part of health care — is that there are major disparities in the people and the risk of people for the disease and how they do.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. Robert Wachter, UCSF\"]'There certainly is a case to be made that people who are the most vulnerable and most at risk get their vaccines early.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's become quite clear, including in San Francisco — which has had the best experience with COVID-19 of any major city in the country — you see rates of COVID-19 in the Mission District and in other more diverse areas being far higher than in less diverse and more affluent areas. And so there certainly is a case to be made that people who are the most vulnerable and most at risk get their vaccines early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My guess is there will not be a race category of prioritization, which will create its own challenges, but rather the CDC committee will look very carefully at the at the essential worker category and who's in nursing homes and who has preexisting conditions and try to be sure that those groups are being prioritized. And by doing that, to be sure that diverse populations and poor people are getting their vaccines early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Skip straight to:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#effective\">How effective are Pfizer and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#distribute\">How might they be distributed?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For the past several weeks, advances with COVID-19 vaccines have offered hope in what has felt like an endless slog through this pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 20, Pfizer \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/20/health/pfizer-vaccine-eua-submission/index.html\">applied for emergency use authorization\u003c/a> for its COVID-19 vaccine from the Food and Drug Administration. On Monday, Moderna announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/30/health/moderna-vaccine-fda-eua-application/index.html\">it would also be applying for authorization\u003c/a> for its vaccine, which reportedly has a 94.1% efficacy rate. If approved, doses could start rolling out before the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with the possibility of a vaccine in the near future coming into clearer focus, questions are being raised how these vaccine doses might be distributed. In California, state officials have made it clear that health care workers will be the first to receive the vaccine. But since the initial rollout will likely be limited, officials will have to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848963/if-there-arent-enough-vaccines-for-all-health-care-workers-in-california-which-doctors-nurses-or-aides-will-get-it-first\">decide which health care workers\u003c/a> will get the vaccine first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does that mean, then, for the rest of us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Forum host Michael Krasny spoke with Dr. Robert Wachter, chair of the UCSF Department of Medicine, about the vaccine rollout and when the general public should realistically expect a dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101880963/ucsfs-dr-wachter-on-bay-area-vaccine-distribution\">Hear the full interview\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"effective\">\u003c/a>Michael Krasny:\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>There's good news on the horizon with respect to vaccines. And I'm interested in finding out your thoughts about the timing, first of all, but also the distribution of vaccines at this point. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Wachter: Let's start with the big picture: A month ago, we didn't know for sure that we would get a vaccine that worked. I mean, we've been working on an HIV vaccine for 30 years. We don't have one. So November, really, will go down in history as a remarkable month in the history of science, that now we have three vaccines that we know work — two of them remarkably effective, the AstraZeneca [vaccine] a little bit less so. But the news on the Pfizer and the Moderna vaccine are breathtaking, really beyond anything any of us had anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even more impressively, the Moderna news that came out this morning in their trial: There were 30 severe cases, 30 patients that were quite sick that had to go to the hospital or to the ICU or had very low oxygen. All of them — all 30 — were people that got the placebo. Zero of them were in people that got the vaccine. So these are breathtakingly effective.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I think those of us in the health care business are giddy about this. But now we start the work of trying to get them manufactured, distributed and sorting out who gets it first, because there will not be enough vaccine to go around until probably the middle part of next year. So we have some complicated decisions and logistics to work out in the next month or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There's still a big uncertainty about how long the vaccine can last. And the vaccine is mainly targeting symptoms to a great degree. Does it really help us understand or avert infections, particularly in asymptomatic people?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the things we know: We know that the vaccine prevents infection 95% of the time — so 19 out of 20 cases are prevented. We know, just as importantly, that it also prevents severe cases. We now know that it is incredibly effective in preventing people from getting very sick and almost certainly from dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we don't know for sure is how long it will last. And we care about that, but if it turns out you need to get a booster in a year or two, that's not the worst thing in the universe. And we don't know for 100% sure that it prevents you from getting infected — meaning you're carrying the virus in your your mouth and nose and potentially giving it to someone else. That's going to be important because that may ultimately determine whether we have to still take some precautions, like wearing masks.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But overall, the news that we now have a vaccine that is incredibly safe, has some moderate side effects that will last for a day and will bring the number of infections — and severe infections — down to close to zero is unbelievably good news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when we get the vaccine in maybe 70% of people in the United States is when we will reach herd immunity in the right way. You don't want to reach it by people getting sick and dying. You want to reach it through a vaccine. And if you do the math in terms of distribution and manufacturing, we should be able to get there probably by the end of the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848978\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11848978\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1231\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x-800x513.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x-1020x654.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/GettyImages-1229759730_1920x-1536x985.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign on the entrance to a pharmacy reads 'COVID-19 Vaccine Not Yet Available' on Nov. 23, 2020 in Burbank, California. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"distribute\">\u003c/a>We've got three phases likely with distribution.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Can you outline it for us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first phase is complicated. It's often divided into phase 1A, 1B and 1C. And I don't think we know the order yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been recommendations made by a prestigious national group, the National Academy of Medicine, in October, that had the first group be health care workers — people with direct exposure to patients. The next group being people over 65 or with preexisting conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, what really matters is what advisory group to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says. And it looks like the order is tilting toward the first group being health care workers, the second group likely being essential workers and then the third group of phase one being people over 65, and people with preexisting conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exception there is probably going to be people over 65 who live in nursing homes and other congregate settings, which have had a remarkably high mortality rate. But the devil's in the details. We don't know the order yet, and the numbers get a little daunting.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We really want is all of those groups to go to get their vaccine as quickly as possible. But when you do the math, the number of health care workers in the United States is about 20 million. The number of essential workers is close to 90 million. The number of people over 65 is 50 million. And the number of people with preexisting conditions: 150 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you add up those groups, you get to 200 million or so people. The amount of vaccine we will have by the end of December is probably about enough for 20 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the amount of vaccine that's available is going to force some tough prioritization decisions. We shouldn't go too crazy over this because eventually there will be enough vaccine for everybody, and when you look at the time that it takes to manufacture it and the speed with which they're ramping up, we're probably going to get through all of those groups by early spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, you know, we're talking about when you look at the number of cases, hospitalizations and deaths, it does make a difference whether you got your shot and if your shots were in December and January or March and April. And that's what we're going to be debating for the next week or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There's also some debate about how much race should be considered — how much income and health care access and those kinds of things.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things that's been exposed by COVID-19 — although it has been well-known in every part of health care — is that there are major disparities in the people and the risk of people for the disease and how they do.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'There certainly is a case to be made that people who are the most vulnerable and most at risk get their vaccines early.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's become quite clear, including in San Francisco — which has had the best experience with COVID-19 of any major city in the country — you see rates of COVID-19 in the Mission District and in other more diverse areas being far higher than in less diverse and more affluent areas. And so there certainly is a case to be made that people who are the most vulnerable and most at risk get their vaccines early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My guess is there will not be a race category of prioritization, which will create its own challenges, but rather the CDC committee will look very carefully at the at the essential worker category and who's in nursing homes and who has preexisting conditions and try to be sure that those groups are being prioritized. And by doing that, to be sure that diverse populations and poor people are getting their vaccines early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
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