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"content": "\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/oakland-tribune/ci_22064791/u-s-supreme-court-poised-take-up-gay\">U.S. Supreme Court poised to take up gay marriage \u003c/a> (SJ Mercury News)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>When the U.S. Supreme Court convenes behind closed doors Friday, the justices will weigh whether to jump headlong into the historic same-sex marriage debate -- or merely dip their toes in the roiling legal waters. The high court could decide whether to rule once and for all on California's Proposition 8, the 2008 voter-approved ban on same-sex marriage. And it could choose to hear up to eight other cases that challenge the 1996 federal Defense of Marriage Act, which bars federal benefits to same-sex couples.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/education/article/UCSF-lapses-mean-research-animals-suffer-4065881.php\">UCSF lapses mean research animals suffer\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>...In one instance, a primate starved for weeks. In another, mice died of thirst. And for nearly two years, a rhesus monkey remained in a brain study despite chronic and painful complications. A Chronicle review of laboratory inspection reports by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's animal welfare division, and an examination of UCSF's internal list of incidents, reveal that in the seven years after UCSF paid more than $90,000 to settle federal findings that its researchers violated the Animal Welfare Act, incidents of animal neglect or mistreatment have persisted.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/2012/11/san-francisco-general-hospital-wants-12-million-la-dodgers-over-bryan-stow-beating-cas\"> San Francisco General Hospital wants $1.2 million from LA Dodgers over Bryan Stow beating case\u003c/a> (SF Examiner)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>San Francisco General Hospital is seeking a $1.2 million reimbursement from the Los Angeles Dodgers for extensive brain trauma care provided to Giants fan Bryan Stow, who was brutally beaten by two Dodgers fans following the March 2011 season-opening game between the two teams. The hospital joins a bevy of other entities seeking millions of dollars from the team and its former owner, Frank McCourt, in U.S. bankruptcy court. Stow and his family also are suing the team because of what they estimate to be $50 million in lifetime medical expenses caused by the beating, which the suit blames on lax security and dimly lit facilities that McCourt allegedly allowed to persist because of financial difficulties around the time of his messy and well-documented divorce.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/3-D-printing-a-boon-to-entrepreneurs-4065697.php\">3-D printing a boon to entrepreneurs\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>...The use of personal 3-D printers, which sell for $1,000 to $2,000, is growing rapidly, but they are mostly for hobbyists since their technical limitations prevent them from making a range of durable consumer products. But as access to higher-end 3-D printers becomes more affordable, creative Bay Area residents are using the technology to start small businesses based on concepts that would have been impossible just a few years ago.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Devil-birds-moving-in-at-Lake-Merced-4065870.php\">'Devil birds' moving in at Lake Merced\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A gang of cantankerous flying aliens known to some avian aficionados as \"devil birds\" have been spotted flitting around San Francisco's Lake Merced acting like they belong. The crow-sized creatures, which ornithologists know as great-tailed grackles, are native to Latin America and the southern United States, but the aggressive birds have recently been moving west, gobbling up the eggs of other birds and threatening to make a nuisance of themselves. As many as six males and two females have been seen at Lake Merced, the largest concentration of the species ever recorded in San Francisco, according to the experts.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_22062460/san-jose-permit-airport-bird-shooting\">San Jose to permit airport bird shooting \u003c/a> (SJ Mercury News)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The holidays are hard on birds, at least those with plump, tasty bodies. But bird-kind can be hard on us too, and not just in Hitchcock films. For the jet-set, birds pose a deadly threat: Flying into an engine during takeoff or landing, they can send a plane into a fatal plunge. Airlines paint eyes on the engines because apparently birds find a 150,000-pound jetliner scarier if it's looking at them. But they don't always fall for that. So in a move to make flying a little less fretful for people, San Jose leaders this week will allow airport staffers more ammo in their battle against the birds. For real. The proposed ordinance modification will let airport staffers and contracted biologists shoot at birds to clear them from the airfield.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Scaled-down-Van-Ness-hospital-on-table-4065868.php\">Scaled-down Van Ness hospital on table\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Once-stalled negotiations between San Francisco and Sutter Health over a new California Pacific Medical Center on Van Ness Avenue are apparently making headway - thanks in part to a strategy change by the hospital chain. The deal to build a 555-bed hospital looked as if it had collapsed after Mayor Ed Lee and Board of Supervisors President David Chiu asked Sutter for a guarantee to keep open its financially strapped St. Luke's Hospital, which serves many low-income residents, for at least 20 years.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_22067038/fbi-scours-twitter-other-social-media-insider-trading\">FBI scours Twitter, other social media for insider trading evidence\u003c/a> (Reuters)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The FBI sees social media as a potential breeding ground for securities fraud, and has agents scouring Twitter and Facebook for tips, according to two top agents overseeing a long-running investigation into insider trading in the $2 trillion hedge fund industry. April Brooks, a special agent in charge of the New York field office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and David Chaves, a supervisory agent, said it is hard to predict the next wave of securities fraud, but they add that it will have a lot to do with advances in technology and social media.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/us/article/Parents-swept-to-sea-in-effort-to-save-son-dog-4066452.php\">Parents swept to sea in effort to save son, dog \u003c/a> (Associated Press)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Family members trying to rescue their dog from powerful surf in Northern California were swept out to sea, leaving a couple dead and their 16-year-old son missing, authorities said. Waves reaching 10 feet in height pulled the dog into the ocean as it ran to retrieve a stick at Big Lagoon, a beach north of Eureka, said Dana Jones, a state Parks and Recreation district superintendent. Jones said the boy went after the dog, prompting his father to go after them. She said the teenager was able to get out, but when he didn't see his father, he and his mother went into the water looking for him.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/oakland-tribune/ci_22064791/u-s-supreme-court-poised-take-up-gay\">U.S. Supreme Court poised to take up gay marriage \u003c/a> (SJ Mercury News)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>When the U.S. Supreme Court convenes behind closed doors Friday, the justices will weigh whether to jump headlong into the historic same-sex marriage debate -- or merely dip their toes in the roiling legal waters. The high court could decide whether to rule once and for all on California's Proposition 8, the 2008 voter-approved ban on same-sex marriage. And it could choose to hear up to eight other cases that challenge the 1996 federal Defense of Marriage Act, which bars federal benefits to same-sex couples.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/education/article/UCSF-lapses-mean-research-animals-suffer-4065881.php\">UCSF lapses mean research animals suffer\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>...In one instance, a primate starved for weeks. In another, mice died of thirst. And for nearly two years, a rhesus monkey remained in a brain study despite chronic and painful complications. A Chronicle review of laboratory inspection reports by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's animal welfare division, and an examination of UCSF's internal list of incidents, reveal that in the seven years after UCSF paid more than $90,000 to settle federal findings that its researchers violated the Animal Welfare Act, incidents of animal neglect or mistreatment have persisted.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/2012/11/san-francisco-general-hospital-wants-12-million-la-dodgers-over-bryan-stow-beating-cas\"> San Francisco General Hospital wants $1.2 million from LA Dodgers over Bryan Stow beating case\u003c/a> (SF Examiner)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>San Francisco General Hospital is seeking a $1.2 million reimbursement from the Los Angeles Dodgers for extensive brain trauma care provided to Giants fan Bryan Stow, who was brutally beaten by two Dodgers fans following the March 2011 season-opening game between the two teams. The hospital joins a bevy of other entities seeking millions of dollars from the team and its former owner, Frank McCourt, in U.S. bankruptcy court. Stow and his family also are suing the team because of what they estimate to be $50 million in lifetime medical expenses caused by the beating, which the suit blames on lax security and dimly lit facilities that McCourt allegedly allowed to persist because of financial difficulties around the time of his messy and well-documented divorce.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/3-D-printing-a-boon-to-entrepreneurs-4065697.php\">3-D printing a boon to entrepreneurs\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>...The use of personal 3-D printers, which sell for $1,000 to $2,000, is growing rapidly, but they are mostly for hobbyists since their technical limitations prevent them from making a range of durable consumer products. But as access to higher-end 3-D printers becomes more affordable, creative Bay Area residents are using the technology to start small businesses based on concepts that would have been impossible just a few years ago.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Devil-birds-moving-in-at-Lake-Merced-4065870.php\">'Devil birds' moving in at Lake Merced\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A gang of cantankerous flying aliens known to some avian aficionados as \"devil birds\" have been spotted flitting around San Francisco's Lake Merced acting like they belong. The crow-sized creatures, which ornithologists know as great-tailed grackles, are native to Latin America and the southern United States, but the aggressive birds have recently been moving west, gobbling up the eggs of other birds and threatening to make a nuisance of themselves. As many as six males and two females have been seen at Lake Merced, the largest concentration of the species ever recorded in San Francisco, according to the experts.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_22062460/san-jose-permit-airport-bird-shooting\">San Jose to permit airport bird shooting \u003c/a> (SJ Mercury News)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The holidays are hard on birds, at least those with plump, tasty bodies. But bird-kind can be hard on us too, and not just in Hitchcock films. For the jet-set, birds pose a deadly threat: Flying into an engine during takeoff or landing, they can send a plane into a fatal plunge. Airlines paint eyes on the engines because apparently birds find a 150,000-pound jetliner scarier if it's looking at them. But they don't always fall for that. So in a move to make flying a little less fretful for people, San Jose leaders this week will allow airport staffers more ammo in their battle against the birds. For real. The proposed ordinance modification will let airport staffers and contracted biologists shoot at birds to clear them from the airfield.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Scaled-down-Van-Ness-hospital-on-table-4065868.php\">Scaled-down Van Ness hospital on table\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Once-stalled negotiations between San Francisco and Sutter Health over a new California Pacific Medical Center on Van Ness Avenue are apparently making headway - thanks in part to a strategy change by the hospital chain. The deal to build a 555-bed hospital looked as if it had collapsed after Mayor Ed Lee and Board of Supervisors President David Chiu asked Sutter for a guarantee to keep open its financially strapped St. Luke's Hospital, which serves many low-income residents, for at least 20 years.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_22067038/fbi-scours-twitter-other-social-media-insider-trading\">FBI scours Twitter, other social media for insider trading evidence\u003c/a> (Reuters)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The FBI sees social media as a potential breeding ground for securities fraud, and has agents scouring Twitter and Facebook for tips, according to two top agents overseeing a long-running investigation into insider trading in the $2 trillion hedge fund industry. April Brooks, a special agent in charge of the New York field office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and David Chaves, a supervisory agent, said it is hard to predict the next wave of securities fraud, but they add that it will have a lot to do with advances in technology and social media.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/us/article/Parents-swept-to-sea-in-effort-to-save-son-dog-4066452.php\">Parents swept to sea in effort to save son, dog \u003c/a> (Associated Press)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Family members trying to rescue their dog from powerful surf in Northern California were swept out to sea, leaving a couple dead and their 16-year-old son missing, authorities said. Waves reaching 10 feet in height pulled the dog into the ocean as it ran to retrieve a stick at Big Lagoon, a beach north of Eureka, said Dana Jones, a state Parks and Recreation district superintendent. Jones said the boy went after the dog, prompting his father to go after them. She said the teenager was able to get out, but when he didn't see his father, he and his mother went into the water looking for him.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Can We Listen to Just One Voice at a Crowded Party? ",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/Cocktail-Effect-graphic.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-62804\" title=\"Cocktail Effect graphic\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/Cocktail-Effect-graphic-300x270.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"270\">\u003c/a>It's called the cocktail party effect, and it's a unique ability that's been a scientific mystery:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're in a noisy room filled with voices. Yet you're able to shut out almost all of them, focusing only on the one person you're listening to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To study this capability, UCSF neurosurgeon Edward Chang and his team took advantage of one of the rare opportunities researchers have to watch the human brain in action: during brain surgery on a patient with severe epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Epilepsy surgery involves several stages. Before operating, neurosurgeons must identify where seizures are taking place, while also mapping out parts of the brain that are critical to functions like motor control and speech. To do this, surgeons remove the skull and place a grid of electrodes directly on the brain’s outer surface, or cortex. The electrodes record activity throughout the brain in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ographicsdesign.com/clients/UCSF-News/Art-of-Selective-Hearing/\">\u003cstrong>Take UCSF's selective hearing test\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Patients (who are conscious, believe it or not) are then asked to perform specific functions like counting to ten, and the electrodes tell scientists where in the brain the processing is taking place. Often patients allow neuroscientists to tack on a couple of extra exercises, purely for the sake of science. That's where Chang and his team came in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They wanted to study the cocktail effect: that ability to filter out non-essential voices, focussing on just one. To do this, they played the patients a clip of overlapping voices. Like this one...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/selective.mp3|titles=selective]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then asked patients to pull out a specific piece of information, such as: \"Where is Tiger going?\" This forced the patients to focus on one voice, filtering out the other. Try it now...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/selective.mp3|titles=selective]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The answer: Tiger is going to \"Blue 2.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the electrodes, Chang says, “we could see at the millisecond level when they were switching from listening to both voices, and when they were tuning into one and -- at the same time -- tuning out the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One surprise was where in the brain this filtering takes place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traditionally,” says Chang, “we've thought that it happens at a much higher cognitive level.” But in fact the processing takes place in the auditory system, closer to the ear, a part of the brain that had not been thought to perform complex functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang hopes that this work can one day help find treatments for the type of hearing loss that occurs in old age. He says the work may also be useful to people who design voice-recognition systems for cell phones and other devices, which often falter in noisy environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, remind Chang of the amazing complexity of the human brain and how it has adapted for social behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It says that the brain does something remarkable in that it's not just a passive receiver of information coming into the ear. It's constantly and actively working on that information to extract the information that we need for our behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/Cocktail-Effect-graphic.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-62804\" title=\"Cocktail Effect graphic\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/Cocktail-Effect-graphic-300x270.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"270\">\u003c/a>It's called the cocktail party effect, and it's a unique ability that's been a scientific mystery:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're in a noisy room filled with voices. Yet you're able to shut out almost all of them, focusing only on the one person you're listening to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To study this capability, UCSF neurosurgeon Edward Chang and his team took advantage of one of the rare opportunities researchers have to watch the human brain in action: during brain surgery on a patient with severe epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Epilepsy surgery involves several stages. Before operating, neurosurgeons must identify where seizures are taking place, while also mapping out parts of the brain that are critical to functions like motor control and speech. To do this, surgeons remove the skull and place a grid of electrodes directly on the brain’s outer surface, or cortex. The electrodes record activity throughout the brain in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ographicsdesign.com/clients/UCSF-News/Art-of-Selective-Hearing/\">\u003cstrong>Take UCSF's selective hearing test\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Patients (who are conscious, believe it or not) are then asked to perform specific functions like counting to ten, and the electrodes tell scientists where in the brain the processing is taking place. Often patients allow neuroscientists to tack on a couple of extra exercises, purely for the sake of science. That's where Chang and his team came in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They wanted to study the cocktail effect: that ability to filter out non-essential voices, focussing on just one. To do this, they played the patients a clip of overlapping voices. Like this one...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then asked patients to pull out a specific piece of information, such as: \"Where is Tiger going?\" This forced the patients to focus on one voice, filtering out the other. Try it now...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The answer: Tiger is going to \"Blue 2.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the electrodes, Chang says, “we could see at the millisecond level when they were switching from listening to both voices, and when they were tuning into one and -- at the same time -- tuning out the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One surprise was where in the brain this filtering takes place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traditionally,” says Chang, “we've thought that it happens at a much higher cognitive level.” But in fact the processing takes place in the auditory system, closer to the ear, a part of the brain that had not been thought to perform complex functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang hopes that this work can one day help find treatments for the type of hearing loss that occurs in old age. He says the work may also be useful to people who design voice-recognition systems for cell phones and other devices, which often falter in noisy environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, remind Chang of the amazing complexity of the human brain and how it has adapted for social behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It says that the brain does something remarkable in that it's not just a passive receiver of information coming into the ear. It's constantly and actively working on that information to extract the information that we need for our behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45420\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/SunnySide-lower-quality.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-45420\" title=\"Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/SunnySide-lower-quality-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, KQED’s Sasha Khokha outlines \u003ca title=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/b\" href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how the lack of effective air monitoring policy\u003c/a> in the San Joaquin Valley could be harming the people who live there. As she reports, a \u003ca title=\"http://www.csufresno.edu/ccchhs/institutes_programs/CVHPI/publications/AQR_web.pdf\" href=\"http://www.csufresno.edu/ccchhs/institutes_programs/CVHPI/publications/AQR_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent study from UCSF\u003c/a> [PDF] finds a direct link between air pollution and asthma-related ER visits. The study found what researchers call a “linear association” between certain components of air pollution and asthma ER visits. In other words, as air pollution goes up, the likelihood of an asthmatic child heading to the ER goes up, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley has some of the dirtiest air in the country and high rates of childhood asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The culprits are two components of air pollution: \u003ca title=\"http://www.epa.gov/glo/\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/glo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ground-level ozone\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"http://www.epa.gov/pm/\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/pm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particulate matter\u003c/a>. Ground-level ozone can have corrosive effects on the lungs, decreasing lung function. Particulate matter are tiny particles, like soot. The simple act of breathing carries these particles deep into the lungs where they stick and can cause breathing and heart problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults are at risk as well. But for them, the risk is heart attack. More particulate matter in the air means more people are going to have heart attacks on that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality activists say that local regulators are not doing a good job alerting the public when the air quality is dangerous. Pollution alerts come from newspapers, local TV and even school districts, which post flags depending on ranging from green, for healthy air to purple, very unhealthy. But, Khokha reports, “All these sources are predictions of averages for air quality on a given day. They don’t take into account the way conditions change throughout the day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And conditions can vary drastically. This chart shows the air quality variation on a single day. The bottom axis is time of day, starting with “0” or midnight. From midnight-noon, air quality is in the healthy “green” zone. If an air quality prediction is made at this time, for the entire day, it will soon be wrong. By noon, air quality was deteriorating. By 2pm, a time when many children are getting out of school, the air quality had declined to “unhealthy for all.” By 4pm, a time when many children are participating in after school sports and more likely to be outdoors, the air quality was bumping into the “very unhealthy” zone.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 18px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45328\" title=\"Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/10/RAAN-SEPT-29-chart-copy.png\" alt=\"Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp mceIEcenter\">\n\u003cdl>\n\u003cdd>Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So what to do? The easiest recommendation is for asthmatic children to stay indoors. But staying indoors means children are more sedentary. A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity, an even bigger public health menace than asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Tim Tyner, co-author of the study, has solid recommendations for asthmatic children and outdoor play. First, children with asthma are usually prescribed two kinds of medication: controller and rescue. Controller medications should be taken daily, to manage their asthma and prevent symptoms from occurring. Rescue medications are used when symptoms occur, to “rescue” someone from an asthma episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, parents need to make sure children use their controller medication properly. But in addition, Tyner says, “Children with asthma should always pre-medicate with their rescue inhaler medication prior to participating in any vigorous physical activity.” And it’s not just on bad air quality days. “It really applies to all situations involving strenuous activity, including good air days or indoor activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, on the worst air quality days, all children should stay indoors or, if they must be outdoors, limit the duration and intensity of their outdoor activities, Tyner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/in/tchk.asp\" href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/in/tchk.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Team California for Healthy Kids\u003c/a>, part of the California Department of Education, encourages schools to adopt programs that increase physical activity throughout the school day. The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District also has \u003ca title=\"http://www.valleyair.org/programs/ActiveIndoorRecess/intro.htm\" href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/programs/ActiveIndoorRecess/intro.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resources on their website\u003c/a> to help teachers implement classroom physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, now we’re back to Khokha’s report. If no one is alerting the public that air quality is dangerously bad, how does anyone–parents, teachers, coaches–know that recess or soccer practice or just walking home from school could net a child a trip to the emergency room?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45420\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/SunnySide-lower-quality.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-45420\" title=\"Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/SunnySide-lower-quality-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, KQED’s Sasha Khokha outlines \u003ca title=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/b\" href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how the lack of effective air monitoring policy\u003c/a> in the San Joaquin Valley could be harming the people who live there. As she reports, a \u003ca title=\"http://www.csufresno.edu/ccchhs/institutes_programs/CVHPI/publications/AQR_web.pdf\" href=\"http://www.csufresno.edu/ccchhs/institutes_programs/CVHPI/publications/AQR_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent study from UCSF\u003c/a> [PDF] finds a direct link between air pollution and asthma-related ER visits. The study found what researchers call a “linear association” between certain components of air pollution and asthma ER visits. In other words, as air pollution goes up, the likelihood of an asthmatic child heading to the ER goes up, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley has some of the dirtiest air in the country and high rates of childhood asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The culprits are two components of air pollution: \u003ca title=\"http://www.epa.gov/glo/\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/glo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ground-level ozone\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"http://www.epa.gov/pm/\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/pm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particulate matter\u003c/a>. Ground-level ozone can have corrosive effects on the lungs, decreasing lung function. Particulate matter are tiny particles, like soot. The simple act of breathing carries these particles deep into the lungs where they stick and can cause breathing and heart problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults are at risk as well. But for them, the risk is heart attack. More particulate matter in the air means more people are going to have heart attacks on that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality activists say that local regulators are not doing a good job alerting the public when the air quality is dangerous. Pollution alerts come from newspapers, local TV and even school districts, which post flags depending on ranging from green, for healthy air to purple, very unhealthy. But, Khokha reports, “All these sources are predictions of averages for air quality on a given day. They don’t take into account the way conditions change throughout the day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And conditions can vary drastically. This chart shows the air quality variation on a single day. The bottom axis is time of day, starting with “0” or midnight. From midnight-noon, air quality is in the healthy “green” zone. If an air quality prediction is made at this time, for the entire day, it will soon be wrong. By noon, air quality was deteriorating. By 2pm, a time when many children are getting out of school, the air quality had declined to “unhealthy for all.” By 4pm, a time when many children are participating in after school sports and more likely to be outdoors, the air quality was bumping into the “very unhealthy” zone.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 18px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45328\" title=\"Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/10/RAAN-SEPT-29-chart-copy.png\" alt=\"Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp mceIEcenter\">\n\u003cdl>\n\u003cdd>Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So what to do? The easiest recommendation is for asthmatic children to stay indoors. But staying indoors means children are more sedentary. A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity, an even bigger public health menace than asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Tim Tyner, co-author of the study, has solid recommendations for asthmatic children and outdoor play. First, children with asthma are usually prescribed two kinds of medication: controller and rescue. Controller medications should be taken daily, to manage their asthma and prevent symptoms from occurring. Rescue medications are used when symptoms occur, to “rescue” someone from an asthma episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, parents need to make sure children use their controller medication properly. But in addition, Tyner says, “Children with asthma should always pre-medicate with their rescue inhaler medication prior to participating in any vigorous physical activity.” And it’s not just on bad air quality days. “It really applies to all situations involving strenuous activity, including good air days or indoor activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, on the worst air quality days, all children should stay indoors or, if they must be outdoors, limit the duration and intensity of their outdoor activities, Tyner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/in/tchk.asp\" href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/in/tchk.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Team California for Healthy Kids\u003c/a>, part of the California Department of Education, encourages schools to adopt programs that increase physical activity throughout the school day. The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District also has \u003ca title=\"http://www.valleyair.org/programs/ActiveIndoorRecess/intro.htm\" href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/programs/ActiveIndoorRecess/intro.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resources on their website\u003c/a> to help teachers implement classroom physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, now we’re back to Khokha’s report. If no one is alerting the public that air quality is dangerously bad, how does anyone–parents, teachers, coaches–know that recess or soccer practice or just walking home from school could net a child a trip to the emergency room?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Should You Schedule a Mammogram Every Year? UCSF Study Says Not For Low-Risk Women",
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"content": "\u003cp>October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, when everything from pink sweatbands on NFL players to pink tops on yogurt cartons reminds us that about 288,000 new cases of the disease will be diagnosed in the United States this year alone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For women, it’s also a reminder to schedule a mammogram if you haven’t had one in a while. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43605\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 150px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/10/kerlikowske.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/10/kerlikowske.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"kerlikowske\" width=\"150\" height=\"158\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43605\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Karla Kerlikowske, author on the study\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But how long is “a while”? There’s no doubt that routine mammograms find breast cancers that are too small to be detected during an exam, but the question of how long to wait between tests is controversial. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Cancer Society, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and some patient advocacy groups like Breastcancer.org all recommend the test be done once a year. But the United States Preventive Services Task Force made \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/health/17cancer.html\">headlines\u003c/a> two years ago when it \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/breastcancer/brcansum.htm\">said a mammogram every other year was often enough for low-risk women\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UCSF study released Monday agrees. Here’s a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/10/18/MNK91LIRGR.DTL\">report about it from the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, and here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/10/10778/high-rate-false-positives-annual-mammogram\">UCSF’s summary\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Karla Kerlikowske, a professor of medicine at UCSF’s School of Medicine who also practices at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, is the principal author of the study and a leading researcher in the field of breast-cancer screening. She says the benefits of screening low-risk women every year – catching some cancers at an earlier state, when treatment may be easier and more successful – don’t outweigh the drawbacks – a very high rate of false positives. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether you’re 40 or 50, your chance of having at least one false positive – you could have more, but your chance of having at least one – is 60%,” Kerlikowske says. “So more than half of all women are going to have at least one false positive (over the course of a decade) if they’re screened every year. And you can reduce your chance of that if you have mammography every other year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman who has a false positive screening will usually get a second diagnostic mammogram, and sometimes an ultrasound. If those still don’t rule out cancer, and the next step is a biopsy. Kerlikowske’s study found that about one in 12 women who have a false-positive mammogram will be referred for one. Many breast biopsies nowadays are outpatient procedures requiring only local anesthesia and an hour or two of a patient’s time. But Kerlikowske says we shouldn’t minimize their significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bore of the needle is fairly large and some of them actually suck the tissue out,” she said. “Sometimes they have to make more than one pass with the needle, so biopsies in particular are not trivial.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerlikowske also published a study a few months ago that suggested rather than making a blanket recommendation for every patient, doctors and women should consider several individual risk factors to decide how often to schedule mammograms. One risk factor that’s less well-known than family history or age is the density of an individual woman’s breast tissue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “There’s two issues for women with dense breasts. One is that it puts them at increased risk of breast cancer. And the second is that it can mask tumors. The study we published in July in the Annals of Internal Medicine was focusing on how you can use breast density to determine how often people should be screened, and when they should start and stop screening.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerlikowske says there’s still a lot of research to be done on this subject, but one conclusion her study drew was that women aged 40-49 with dense breasts should choose digital mammograms if they’re having them at all; digital mammograms makes it easier to distinguish cancers in dense tissue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/09/10707/researcher-calls-mammograms-be-tailored-patient\">UCSF’s summary of Kerlikowske’s earlier study\u003c/a>: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Radio’s Forum had a lively discussion today about the risks and benefits of routine screening for prostate as well as breast cancer. You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201110190900\">give it a listen and join in on the message board here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, when everything from pink sweatbands on NFL players to pink tops on yogurt cartons reminds us that about 288,000 new cases of the disease will be diagnosed in the United States this year alone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For women, it’s also a reminder to schedule a mammogram if you haven’t had one in a while. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43605\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 150px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/10/kerlikowske.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/10/kerlikowske.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"kerlikowske\" width=\"150\" height=\"158\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43605\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Karla Kerlikowske, author on the study\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But how long is “a while”? There’s no doubt that routine mammograms find breast cancers that are too small to be detected during an exam, but the question of how long to wait between tests is controversial. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Cancer Society, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and some patient advocacy groups like Breastcancer.org all recommend the test be done once a year. But the United States Preventive Services Task Force made \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/health/17cancer.html\">headlines\u003c/a> two years ago when it \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/breastcancer/brcansum.htm\">said a mammogram every other year was often enough for low-risk women\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UCSF study released Monday agrees. Here’s a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/10/18/MNK91LIRGR.DTL\">report about it from the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, and here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/10/10778/high-rate-false-positives-annual-mammogram\">UCSF’s summary\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Karla Kerlikowske, a professor of medicine at UCSF’s School of Medicine who also practices at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, is the principal author of the study and a leading researcher in the field of breast-cancer screening. She says the benefits of screening low-risk women every year – catching some cancers at an earlier state, when treatment may be easier and more successful – don’t outweigh the drawbacks – a very high rate of false positives. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether you’re 40 or 50, your chance of having at least one false positive – you could have more, but your chance of having at least one – is 60%,” Kerlikowske says. “So more than half of all women are going to have at least one false positive (over the course of a decade) if they’re screened every year. And you can reduce your chance of that if you have mammography every other year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman who has a false positive screening will usually get a second diagnostic mammogram, and sometimes an ultrasound. If those still don’t rule out cancer, and the next step is a biopsy. Kerlikowske’s study found that about one in 12 women who have a false-positive mammogram will be referred for one. Many breast biopsies nowadays are outpatient procedures requiring only local anesthesia and an hour or two of a patient’s time. But Kerlikowske says we shouldn’t minimize their significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bore of the needle is fairly large and some of them actually suck the tissue out,” she said. “Sometimes they have to make more than one pass with the needle, so biopsies in particular are not trivial.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerlikowske also published a study a few months ago that suggested rather than making a blanket recommendation for every patient, doctors and women should consider several individual risk factors to decide how often to schedule mammograms. One risk factor that’s less well-known than family history or age is the density of an individual woman’s breast tissue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “There’s two issues for women with dense breasts. One is that it puts them at increased risk of breast cancer. And the second is that it can mask tumors. The study we published in July in the Annals of Internal Medicine was focusing on how you can use breast density to determine how often people should be screened, and when they should start and stop screening.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerlikowske says there’s still a lot of research to be done on this subject, but one conclusion her study drew was that women aged 40-49 with dense breasts should choose digital mammograms if they’re having them at all; digital mammograms makes it easier to distinguish cancers in dense tissue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/09/10707/researcher-calls-mammograms-be-tailored-patient\">UCSF’s summary of Kerlikowske’s earlier study\u003c/a>: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Radio’s Forum had a lively discussion today about the risks and benefits of routine screening for prostate as well as breast cancer. You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201110190900\">give it a listen and join in on the message board here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Best media release (we've seen) today comes from UC-San Francisco: \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/02/9449/tweeting-teenage-songbirds-reveal-impact-social-cues-learning\" target=\"_blank\">Tweeting Teenage Songbirds Reveal Impact of Social Cues on Learning\u003c/a>.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, this has nothing to do with Twitter (which \u003cem>is\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2011/02/28/j-p-morgans-400-million-tweet/\" target=\"_blank\">in the news\u003c/a> today because of the intoxicating impact of social media on venture capital).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has everything to do with the role of social interaction and how we learn language. The neuroscientists studied how juvenile \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra_Finch\" target=\"_blank\">zebra finches\u003c/a>, Australian birds described as \"loud and boisterous singers,\" learn their songs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have focused on zebra finches as language research subject for a while (see the National Institutes of Health Office of Science education: \"\u003ca href=\"http://science.education.nih.gov/animalresearch.nsf/Story1/Can+Zebra+Finches+Tell+Us+How+We+Learn+to+Talk+-+and+Walk\" target=\"_blank\">Can Zebra Finches Tell Us How We Learn to Talk—and Walk?\"\u003c/a>). Young male finches start out with something like human infants' babbling—a series of trials and errors as they mimic the adult male songs they hear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new findings from the UCSF scientists come down to this: the juvenile birds change their tune when there's a girl zebra finch around: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Until now, scientists and bird watchers alike have thought that young birds could only produce immature song. However, in a process that involved recording and studying male zebra finch song, the scientists discovered that, in the presence of a female, the birds sang much better than when they were practicing their song alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were very surprised by the finding,” said senior author Allison Doupe, MD, PhD, a professor of psychiatry and physiology and a member of the Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience at UCSF. “The birds picked the best version of the song that they could possibly perform and they sang it over and over again. They sounded almost like adults. It turns out that teenagers know more than they’re telling us.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.psy.fsu.edu/~johnson/johnsonlab/johnson.htm#the%20animal\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to some snippets of zebra finch song\u003c/a> recorded by Florda State University researcher Frank Johnson. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Best media release (we've seen) today comes from UC-San Francisco: \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/02/9449/tweeting-teenage-songbirds-reveal-impact-social-cues-learning\" target=\"_blank\">Tweeting Teenage Songbirds Reveal Impact of Social Cues on Learning\u003c/a>.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, this has nothing to do with Twitter (which \u003cem>is\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2011/02/28/j-p-morgans-400-million-tweet/\" target=\"_blank\">in the news\u003c/a> today because of the intoxicating impact of social media on venture capital).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has everything to do with the role of social interaction and how we learn language. The neuroscientists studied how juvenile \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra_Finch\" target=\"_blank\">zebra finches\u003c/a>, Australian birds described as \"loud and boisterous singers,\" learn their songs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have focused on zebra finches as language research subject for a while (see the National Institutes of Health Office of Science education: \"\u003ca href=\"http://science.education.nih.gov/animalresearch.nsf/Story1/Can+Zebra+Finches+Tell+Us+How+We+Learn+to+Talk+-+and+Walk\" target=\"_blank\">Can Zebra Finches Tell Us How We Learn to Talk—and Walk?\"\u003c/a>). Young male finches start out with something like human infants' babbling—a series of trials and errors as they mimic the adult male songs they hear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new findings from the UCSF scientists come down to this: the juvenile birds change their tune when there's a girl zebra finch around: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Until now, scientists and bird watchers alike have thought that young birds could only produce immature song. However, in a process that involved recording and studying male zebra finch song, the scientists discovered that, in the presence of a female, the birds sang much better than when they were practicing their song alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were very surprised by the finding,” said senior author Allison Doupe, MD, PhD, a professor of psychiatry and physiology and a member of the Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience at UCSF. “The birds picked the best version of the song that they could possibly perform and they sang it over and over again. They sounded almost like adults. It turns out that teenagers know more than they’re telling us.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.psy.fsu.edu/~johnson/johnsonlab/johnson.htm#the%20animal\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to some snippets of zebra finch song\u003c/a> recorded by Florda State University researcher Frank Johnson. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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